Ventilated attic building

Abstract

To provide a ventilated attic building having an attic partition wall with excellent moisture permeability and thermal storage performance (insulation performance).SOLUTION: An attic ventilation building 100 comprises: an exterior wall 10 having a ventilation layer 13 between an exterior cladding material 11 and an exterior wall substrate material 12; and an attic space 70 which is positioned between a ceiling 30 and a roof 40 with which the ventilation layer 13 communicates and water vapor flowing into attic space 70 is discharged outdoors via the ventilation layer 13. The building has an attic partition wall 50 which is provided at least between the exterior wall substrate material 12 and the roof 40, separates the ventilation layer 13 from the attic space 70 and allows water vapor flowing through the ventilation layer 13 to permeate into the attic space 70. The attic partition wall 50 is formed from gypsum plates or gypsum boards having low moisture permeability resistance and high volumetric specific heat.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to attic ventilated buildings. [Background technology]

[0002] In buildings such as houses, fire resistance is now required in the attic space between the ceiling and roof to prevent the spread of fire from neighboring houses, etc. As a measure for this, for example, an attic partition wall made of fire-resistant facing material is sometimes installed between the attic space and the space under the eaves on the eaves side. The roof is equipped with a tower ventilation system that leads to the attic space, or a ventilation louver is installed in the eaves, for example, so that gases such as water vapor in the attic space can be discharged to the outdoors through the tower ventilation system or louver.

[0003] Incidentally, the exterior walls of wooden or steel-framed houses have a ventilation layer between the exterior material and the exterior wall base material. Attic ventilation is generally used, in which water vapor from the living rooms and other parts of the building is allowed to permeate from the exterior wall base material into the ventilation layer, circulate through the ventilation layer to the attic space, and then is discharged to the outdoors through a tower ventilation or louver connected to the attic space.

[0004] However, as mentioned above, the installation of an attic partition wall to provide fire resistance to the attic space may prevent water vapor from passing through the ventilation layer and into the attic space, which may prevent the water vapor from being sufficiently ventilated to the outdoors. If water vapor is not sufficiently ventilated to the outdoors, condensation will accumulate in the ventilation layer and attic space, causing corrosion and mold growth in the structural components of the walls, roof, ceiling, etc.

[0005] Therefore, the application of soffit ventilation, in which ventilation holes are installed in the soffit and the water vapor that has circulated through the ventilation layer is discharged to the outdoors through the space under the soffit, can be considered. However, in recent buildings, the eaves overhang is becoming shorter from the viewpoint of exterior design, etc., making it difficult to provide weatherproofing when ventilation holes are installed in the soffit, and there is a risk of rain leaks from the ventilation holes. In addition, some buildings do not install ventilation holes in the soffit at all from the viewpoint of exterior design, so soffit ventilation cannot be expected for all buildings.

[0006] For these reasons, there is a demand for a building that can improve the fire resistance of the attic space by providing an attic partition wall in the attic space, while also allowing water vapor that has circulated through the ventilation layer of the exterior wall to smoothly permeate from the attic partition wall into the attic space.

[0007] Here, Patent Document 1 proposes a building that has a parting wall surrounding an attic space and ensures the discharge of water vapor from the exterior wall ventilation layer into the attic space. Specifically, the building has a living room surrounded by a ceiling and interior wall materials, an attic space formed above the ceiling and connected to the outdoors, an exterior wall base surface material erected on the outside of the interior wall material, and an exterior wall material supported by the exterior wall base surface material, with an exterior wall ventilation layer formed between the exterior wall material and the exterior wall base surface material to discharge water vapor generated inside the living room.

[0008] In this building, a parting wall is installed in which the exterior wall base surface material extends to a position that closes the side of the attic space, allowing water vapor to pass through the parting wall from the exterior wall ventilation layer and escape into the attic space. In this way, to allow water vapor to pass through the parting wall and escape into the attic space, a volcanic vitreous multi-layer panel is used in the parting wall, and Dailite (registered trademark) is used as the volcanic vitreous multi-layer panel. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-153122 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] According to the building described in Patent Document 1, by applying Dailite, a volcanic glass composite board, to the parting wall, water vapor can be transmitted from the parting wall to the attic space and released. However, the moisture permeability resistance of Dailite is 1.1 x 10 -3 m 2 Since the moisture vapor resistance is only about s·Pa / ng, it cannot be said that the moisture vapor resistance is sufficiently low, and in order to ensure sufficient water vapor permeability, the installation area of ​​Dilite will have to be large, which may mean that the required installation area cannot be secured depending on the building.

[0011] Furthermore, although Dailite has a certain degree of moisture permeability and a certain degree of heat storage performance (insulating performance), it cannot be said to have high heat storage performance (unlike moisture permeability resistance, the higher the heat storage performance, the better), and Patent Document 1 at least makes no mention of heat storage performance.

[0012] In today's buildings, there is a demand for low environmental impact and energy conservation, so there is a demand for attic-ventilated buildings equipped with attic partition walls that not only have the above-mentioned moisture permeability performance but also excellent heat storage performance.

[0013] The present disclosure aims to provide an attic-ventilated building having an attic partition wall that is excellent in both moisture permeability and heat storage performance (thermal insulation performance). [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] An attic ventilation building according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: An attic ventilation building comprising an exterior wall having a ventilation layer between the exterior material and the exterior wall base material, and an attic space between the ceiling and the roof to which the ventilation layer is connected, and water vapor flowing into the attic space through the ventilation layer is discharged to the outdoors, an attic partition wall provided between at least the exterior wall base material and the roof, separating the ventilation layer from the attic space and allowing water vapor that has flowed through the ventilation layer to permeate into the attic space; The attic parting wall is formed of a gypsum plate or gypsum board having low moisture permeability resistance and high volume specific heat. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide an attic-ventilated building having an attic parting wall that is excellent in both moisture permeability and heat storage performance (thermal insulation performance). [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing an example of an attic ventilation building according to the first embodiment, illustrating the exterior walls, roof, ceiling, and part of the attic space. [Figure 2] A vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of an attic ventilation building in the second embodiment, showing the exterior walls, roof, ceiling and part of the attic space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Hereinafter, an example of an attic ventilation building according to each embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this specification and drawings, substantially identical components will be designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations may be omitted.

[0018] [Attic ventilation building according to the first embodiment] First, an example of an attic ventilation building according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 1. Here, Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of an attic ventilation building according to the first embodiment, and is a diagram showing an exterior wall, a roof, a ceiling, and a part of the attic space.

[0019] The attic ventilation building 100 is, for example, a detached house constructed using a wooden or steel frame method, and has at least an exterior wall 10, a ceiling 30, and a roof 40. Here, the attic ventilation building may be a detached house constructed using a frame method or the like, or, in addition to a detached house, it may be an apartment building or other collective housing, a factory, a warehouse, or the like.

[0020] The exterior wall 10 has an exterior material 11 and an exterior wall base material 12, and is provided with a ventilation layer 13 between the exterior material 11 and the exterior wall base material 12.

[0021] Applicable exterior materials 11 include ceramic siding, metal siding, resin siding, sheet metal, tiles, ALC (Autoclaved Lightweight Concrete) boards, plaster-finished mortar walls, and wood-finished walls. Applicable exterior wall base materials 12 include plywood (including structural plywood), felt boards, gypsum boards, and gypsum boards. Here, the exterior wall base material 12 may have a single-layer structure (single-layer lining) as shown in the illustration, or a laminated structure in which multiple boards are stacked. In a laminated exterior wall base material, multiple boards are stacked on top of each other, which improves fire resistance and increases the strength of the wall compared to a single-layer structure of the same thickness.

[0022] The indoor side of the exterior wall base material 12 is filled with heat insulating material 15 such as glass wool or rock wool, and interior material 14 is arranged on the indoor side of the heat insulating material 15. The interior material 14 is made of gypsum board, gypsum plate, plywood, or the like, and wallpaper or the like is attached to the indoor side of the material.

[0023] The ceiling 30 comprises a ceiling material 31 and a heat insulating material 32. Here, the ceiling 30 may also comprise hanging beams, joists, joist supports, etc. that hang the ceiling material 31 from a roof or the like. The ceiling material 31 may be made of plywood, fiberboard, rock wool board, gypsum board, gypsum board, etc., and wallpaper or the like is attached to the indoor surface.

[0024] The roof 40 in the illustrated example is a gable roof with a predetermined roof slope on both sides of the ridge beam 45, and includes roofing materials 41, underlayment materials 42, sheathing boards 43, and rafters 44. A tower vent 46 is provided at the top of the roof 40 above the ridge beam 45. The roof may be in any other form, such as a shed roof, flat roof, hip roof, or gambrel roof.

[0025] Above the exterior wall 10, an eaves 21 is arranged extending horizontally toward the exterior, and the end of the eaves 21 is fixed to the rafters 44 via a decorative fascia 22.

[0026] An attic space 70 is formed between the roof 40 and the ceiling 30, and a back space 80 is formed between the eaves 21 and the roof 40. Furthermore, a living room 60 is formed by the exterior wall 10 (or interior material 14) and the ceiling 30.

[0027] The lower end of the attic parting wall 50 abuts against the upper end of the exterior wall base material 12 that forms the exterior wall 10, and the upper part of the exterior wall base material 12 and the lower part of the attic parting wall 50 are fixed to a common eaves beam 47, for example, with screws, nails, or the like (not shown). Here, the exterior wall base material 12 and the attic parting wall 50 may be bonded to each other, or may be connected to each other with fasteners or the like. Like the exterior wall base material 12, the attic parting wall 50 may have a laminated structure in addition to the single-layer structure shown in the example. For example, if the exterior wall base material 12 has a laminated structure, the attic parting wall 50 should also have a laminated structure that matches it.

[0028] A notch 44a is provided below the rafter 44, and the upper part of the attic parting wall 50 is fitted into the notch 44a, thereby separating the ventilation layer 13 and the eaves space 80 that form the exterior wall 10 from the attic space 70 via the attic parting wall 50.

[0029] More specifically, for example, an endless, continuous attic partition wall 50 is provided along the planar shape of the building 100, separating the attic space 70 from the surrounding eaves space 80, etc. The attic partition wall 50 forms a fire-resistant structure in the attic space 70, and prevents the spread of a fire in a neighboring house, etc.

[0030] Building 100 has a short eaves overhang from the perspective of exterior design, and no ventilation holes are provided in the eaves soffit. Even if ventilation holes were to be provided in the eaves soffit 21, the short eaves overhang would make it difficult to provide weatherproofing. In other words, building 100 is an attic ventilation building, and is not expected to have eaves ventilation. Note that the attic ventilation buildings in question include not only buildings that do not have ventilation holes in the eaves soffit as in the illustrated example, but also buildings that have ventilation holes in the eaves soffit and can be expected to have eaves ventilation, but where attic ventilation is the main form of ventilation.

[0031] Therefore, in the attic-ventilated building 100, for example, water vapor generated in the living room 60 is permeated in the X1 direction through the interior material 14 and the exterior wall base material 12 to the ventilation layer 13, and the water vapor that flows upward in the X2 direction through the ventilation layer 13 is guided in the X3 direction to the attic space 70 and is then discharged to the outdoors in the X4 direction via the tower ventilation 46 on the roof 40 or a louver (not shown).In addition, water vapor in the eaves space 80 is permeated in the X5 direction shown by the dashed line through the attic parting wall 50 to the attic space 70 and is then discharged to the outdoors via the tower ventilation 46.

[0032] However, the provision of an attic partition wall 50 that provides fire resistance to the attic space 70 may hinder the smooth introduction of water vapor into the attic space 70. Therefore, the attic ventilation building 100 employs an attic partition wall 50 made of a material with low moisture permeability resistance.

[0033] Here, in this specification, "low moisture permeability resistance" means a moisture permeability resistance of 1.1 × 10 -3 m 2 This means that the moisture permeability resistance is lower than that of Dilite, which is about 0.5×10 -3 〜1.0×10 -3 m 2 Specify the range of s·Pa / ng.

[0034] Examples of attic parting walls 50 having moisture permeation resistance in this range include gypsum plates or gypsum boards, and for example, products under the trade names Tiger EX Board (registered trademark) and Tiger EX Hyper (registered trademark) are applicable.

[0035] Gypsum boards such as Tiger EX Board and Tiger EX Hyper are facing materials with low moisture permeability resistance and also have a high volumetric specific heat. Here, in this specification, "high volumetric specific heat" refers to the volumetric specific heat of Dilite: 679 kJ / m 3 This means that the specific heat capacity is higher than 700 to 1500 kJ / m 3 ·Specify the range of K.

[0036] By using a surface material with a high volumetric specific heat as the attic partition wall 50, the heat storage performance of the attic space 70 is improved, energy conservation is enhanced, and a building 100 with a low environmental impact is formed.

[0037] That is, in the attic ventilation building 100, an attic partitioning wall 50 made of gypsum board or the like with low moisture permeability resistance and high volume specific heat is applied to the attic space 70, thereby forming an attic space 70 with excellent fire resistance. In addition, water vapor that has circulated through the ventilation layer 13 of the exterior wall 10 can be smoothly permeated from the attic partitioning wall 50 into the attic space 70 and discharged to the outdoors, and furthermore, the attic space 70 has high thermal insulation performance and is excellent in energy conservation, thereby reducing the environmental impact load.

[0038] Furthermore, because the attic ventilation building 100 has excellent moisture permeability, the area required for the attic parting wall 50 to ensure sufficient ventilation in the attic space 70 can be significantly reduced compared to Dilite, which increases the freedom of building design, for example by allowing the height of the attic space 70 to be lowered as desired. Furthermore, the attic ventilation building 100 is a building having an attic parting wall 50 that has excellent heat storage performance (insulation performance) in addition to moisture permeability.

[0039] Here, the moisture permeability resistance and volumetric specific heat of nine examples applied as gypsum boards and Dilite as a comparative example are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Tables 1 and 2 also show the ratio (multiplication factor) of the performance of each example to that of Dilite.

[0040] [Table 1]

[0041] [Table 2]

[0042] From Table 1, it can be seen that the moisture permeation resistance of each example is approximately 0.5 to 0.9 times lower than that of Dilite, and that these materials have significantly better moisture permeability than Dilite.

[0043] Furthermore, Table 2 shows that the volumetric specific heat of each example is approximately 1.1 to 2.1 times higher than that of Dilite, and that the materials have significantly better heat insulating properties than Dilite.

[0044] Furthermore, when comparing the water absorption swelling coefficients of Examples 1 and 2 with those of the Comparative Example, it is found that Example 1 is 0.048%, Example 2 is 0.060%, while the Comparative Example is 0.120%, and the water absorption swelling coefficients of Examples 1 and 2 are less than half that of the Comparative Example.

[0045] Therefore, by applying the gypsum boards of Examples 1 and 2 to the attic parting wall 50, warping is less likely to occur even if the board absorbs water due to a leak or the like after installation, compared to when the board of the comparative example is applied to the attic parting wall. As a result, when the gypsum boards of Examples 1 and 2 are applied, the board absorbs water, causing the attic parting wall 50 to expand, and the board warping toward the ventilation layer 13 or the attic space 70 prevents or inhibits narrowing of the ventilation layer 13 or the attic space 70, making it easier to ensure the initial dimensions of the ventilation layer 13.

[0046] [Attic ventilation building according to the second embodiment] Next, an example of an attic ventilation building according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Here, Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of an attic ventilation building according to the second embodiment, and is a diagram showing an exterior wall, a roof, a ceiling, and a part of the attic space.

[0047] The attic ventilation building 100A differs from the attic ventilation building 100 shown in Figure 1 in that the exterior wall base material 12A forming the exterior wall 10A extends to the roof 40, and the area between the ceiling 30 and the roof 40 in the exterior wall base material 12A is the attic partition wall 50A.

[0048] The exterior wall base material 12A is made of gypsum board such as Tiger EX Board or Tiger EX Hyper shown in the examples in Table 1. Here, like the exterior wall base material 12, the exterior wall base material 12A may have a single-layer structure as shown in the example, or a laminated structure in which multiple boards are stacked. If the exterior wall base material 12A has a laminated structure, the attic parting wall 50A also has a laminated structure.

[0049] These gypsum boards have the rigidity required for load-bearing walls and also have excellent fire resistance. Therefore, according to the attic ventilation building 100A, by providing an exterior wall base material 12A that extends continuously from the general exterior wall 10A of the building 100A to the attic space 70, the building not only has excellent moisture permeability and energy saving properties similar to the attic ventilation building 100, but also has excellent fire resistance and earthquake resistance throughout the building. Furthermore, the attic ventilation building 100A is a building that has an attic parting wall 50A that has excellent moisture permeability and heat storage performance (insulation performance).

[0050] In addition, since the exterior wall base material 12A extends continuously to the attic space 70, workability is also better than in the building 100.

[0051] It should be noted that other embodiments may be possible in which other components are combined with the configurations described in the above embodiments, and the present disclosure is not limited to the configurations shown here. In this regard, changes can be made within the scope of the present disclosure, and can be appropriately determined depending on the application form. [Explanation of symbols]

[0052] 10, 10A: Exterior wall 11: Exterior material 12, 12A: Exterior wall underlayment 13: Ventilation layer 14: Interior materials 15:Insulation material 21: Eaves 22: Makeup fascia 30: Ceiling 31: Ceiling material 32:Insulation material 40: Roof 41: Roofing materials 42: Underlayment material 43: Field board 44: Rafter 44a: Notch 45: Ridgepole 46: Tower ventilation 47: Eave girder 50, 50A: Attic parting wall 60: Living room 70: Attic space 80: Eaves space 100, 100A: Attic ventilation building (building)

Claims

1. An attic ventilation building comprising an exterior wall having a ventilation layer between the exterior material and the exterior wall base material, and an attic space between the ceiling and the roof to which the ventilation layer is connected, and water vapor flowing into the attic space through the ventilation layer is discharged to the outdoors, an attic partition wall provided between at least the exterior wall base material and the roof, separating the ventilation layer from the attic space and allowing water vapor that has flowed through the ventilation layer to permeate into the attic space; An attic-ventilated building, wherein at least the attic parting wall has a volumetric specific heat in the range of 700 to 1500 kJ / m 3 ·K.

2. At least the moisture permeability resistance of the attic partition wall is 0.5 x 10 －３ ~1.0×10 －３ m ２ 2. The attic ventilated building of claim 1, wherein the air permeability is in the range of .s.Pa / ng.

3. 3. The attic ventilated building according to claim 2, wherein the attic partition wall is formed of gypsum plate or gypsum board.

4. The attic ventilated building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a lower end of the attic parting wall is connected to or abuts against an upper end of the exterior wall base material.

5. An attic ventilated building as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exterior wall underlayment extends to the roof, and the area between the ceiling and the roof in the exterior wall underlayment is the attic partition wall.

6. The attic ventilation building according to claim 5, wherein the exterior wall base material further has rigidity and fire resistance as a bearing wall.

7. Below the roof and above the exterior wall on the outdoor side, there is a soffit space communicating with the ventilation layer, The attic-ventilated building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein water vapor in the space under the eaves is transmitted to the attic space through the attic partition wall.

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