Fluid regulator with improved pressure control

Abstract

A fluid regulator assembly for a fluid such as a gas includes a housing and a regulator. The housing includes an inlet, an outlet, and a chamber. The regulator includes a control assembly coupled to the housing and including a plug and a diaphragm, and a control element. The plug is movable relative to the outlet to control the flow of fluid through the housing, and the diaphragm controls the plug in response to a control pressure acting on the diaphragm. The control element is disposed between a first position and a second position to control the control pressure acting on the diaphragm, where in the first position the control pressure is an outlet pressure downstream from the outlet and where in the second position the control pressure is at least an inlet pressure upstream from the outlet.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] TECHNICAL FIELD This application relates to fluid regulators, such as gas regulators, and more particularly to fluid regulators that include a diaphragm. [Background technology]

[0002] Fluid regulators are often provided to receive fluid at an input pressure and deliver the fluid at a desired output pressure, which may be significantly lower than the input pressure. For example, a gas distribution system may deliver gas depending on a variety of factors, such as overall demand, system, gas source, etc., and a gas regulator may be utilized to reduce the pressure of the gas delivered to an end user having a gas appliance, such as a furnace, oven, etc., that requires the gas to be delivered at a predetermined pressure that is lower than the capacity of the system.

[0003] Conventional fluid regulators include either a full capacity relief valve or an overpressure shutoff (OPSO) device as a safety feature to minimize or prevent fluid flow to the end user in the event of failure of the fluid regulator. Although such devices protect the end user, they have several problems. For example, full capacity relief valves release large amounts of gas into the environment, which can lead to the creation of explosive gas mixtures and / or large releases of greenhouse gases. OPSO devices are prone to malfunction, are inconvenient, and can result in significant maintenance costs for utilities. For example, OPSO devices can malfunction due to high downstream flow rates (e.g., multiple valves open at the same time, high flow valves open, etc.), which can create pressure spikes and lead to the OPSO device shutting off gas supply to consumers. Additionally, OPSO devices can malfunction if downstream valves or systems are installed too close to a regulator with an OPSO device and / or if the conduit carrying the gas is heated by sunlight and / or other environmental conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments covered by this patent are defined by the claims below, not this summary. This summary is a high level overview of various embodiments and introduces some concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description section below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used alone to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all of the drawings, and the claims.

[0005] According to certain embodiments, a fluid regulator assembly for a fluid includes a housing having an inlet, an outlet, and a chamber between the inlet and the outlet and in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet. The regulator includes a control assembly coupled to the housing and including a plug, a diaphragm operably coupled to the plug, and a control element. The plug is movable relative to the outlet to control the flow of fluid through the housing, and the diaphragm is configured to control the plug in response to a control pressure acting on the diaphragm. The control element is positionable between a first position and a second position to control a control pressure acting on the diaphragm between the first position and the second position, where in the first position the control pressure is an outlet pressure downstream from the outlet and where in the second position the control pressure is at least an inlet pressure upstream from the outlet.

[0006] According to some embodiments, a fluid regulator assembly for a fluid includes a housing having an inlet, an outlet, and a chamber between the inlet and the outlet and in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet. The fluid regulator assembly also includes a regulator coupled to the housing. The regulator includes a control assembly including a plug, a diaphragm operably coupled to the plug, and a control element. The plug is movable relative to the outlet to control the flow of the fluid through the housing. The control element is adjustable based on an inlet pressure upstream from the outlet, such that when the inlet pressure is equal to or below a predetermined threshold pressure, the diaphragm controls the plug in response to an outlet pressure downstream from the outlet, and when the inlet pressure exceeds the predetermined threshold pressure, the diaphragm controls the plug in response to the inlet pressure.

[0007] According to various embodiments, a fluid regulator assembly for a fluid includes a housing including a first chamber having a first chamber inlet and a first chamber outlet and receiving a fluid at an inlet pressure. The housing also includes a second chamber having a second chamber inlet and a second chamber outlet, and an intermediate passage connecting the first chamber outlet and the second chamber inlet. The fluid regulator assembly also includes a first regulator and a second regulator. The first regulator includes a first control assembly including a first plug and a first diaphragm operably coupled to the first plug. The first plug is moveable relative to the first chamber outlet to control the flow of fluid through the first chamber outlet, the first diaphragm being within the first chamber and configured to position the first plug in response to an intermediate pressure. The second regulator includes a second control assembly including a second plug, a second diaphragm operably coupled to the second plug, and a control element. A second plug is movable relative to the second chamber outlet to control fluid flow through the second chamber outlet, and a second diaphragm is in the second chamber and configured to position the second plug in response to a control pressure. A control element is configured to control the control pressure in response to an intermediate pressure, such control pressure being either the intermediate pressure or an outlet pressure downstream from the second chamber outlet.

[0008] According to certain embodiments, a fluid regulator assembly for a fluid includes a housing having an inlet, a chamber, and an outlet. The fluid regulator assembly also includes a regulator disposed at least partially within the chamber and dividing the chamber into an inlet pressure region at an inlet pressure and an outlet pressure region at an outlet pressure lower than the inlet pressure. The regulator is capable of regulating the fluid from the inlet pressure to the outlet pressure and controlling the flow of the fluid from the chamber through the outlet based on the outlet pressure. In some embodiments, the regulator selectively defines a flow path within the chamber from the inlet pressure region to the outlet pressure region in response to the inlet pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure.

[0009] According to various embodiments, a fluid regulator assembly for a fluid includes a housing, a first regulator, and a second regulator. The housing includes a first chamber having a first chamber inlet and a first chamber outlet, a second chamber having a second chamber inlet and a second chamber outlet, and an intermediate passage fluidly connecting the first chamber outlet and the second chamber inlet. The first regulator is at least partially within the first chamber and includes a first diaphragm and a first plug. The first diaphragm controls the flow of fluid from the first chamber through the first chamber outlet to the intermediate passage and selectively positions the first plug to regulate the fluid from an inlet pressure to an intermediate pressure. The second regulator is at least partially within the second chamber and includes a second diaphragm and a second plug. The second diaphragm controls the flow of fluid from the second chamber through the second chamber outlet and selectively positions the second plug to regulate the fluid from an intermediate pressure to an outlet pressure. In some embodiments, the second regulator includes a switching diaphragm between the second chamber inlet and the second chamber outlet that is selectively deformable in response to the intermediate pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure.

[0010] According to some embodiments, a fluid regulator assembly for a fluid includes a housing, a first regulator, and a second regulator. The housing includes a first chamber with a first chamber inlet and a first chamber outlet, and a second chamber with a second chamber inlet and a second chamber outlet. In some embodiments, the second chamber inlet is in fluid communication with the first chamber outlet. The first regulator is within the first chamber and separates the first chamber into an inlet pressure region at the inlet pressure and an intermediate pressure region at an intermediate pressure lower than the inlet pressure. In various embodiments, the first regulator regulates the fluid from the inlet pressure to the intermediate pressure and controls the flow of the fluid from the inlet pressure region of the first chamber to the second chamber inlet based on the intermediate pressure. The second regulator is within the second chamber and separates the second chamber inlet into an intermediate pressure region at the intermediate pressure and an outlet pressure region at an outlet pressure lower than the intermediate pressure. The second regulator regulates the fluid from the intermediate pressure to the outlet pressure and controls the flow of the fluid from the second chamber through the second chamber outlet based on the outlet pressure. In some embodiments, the second regulator selectively defines a flow path from an intermediate pressure region of the second chamber to an outlet pressure region within the second chamber in response to the intermediate pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure.

[0011] The various implementations described in the specification may include additional systems, methods, features and advantages not necessarily expressly disclosed herein, but which will become apparent to one skilled in the art upon review of the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. Such systems, methods, features and advantages are intended to be included in this disclosure and protected by the accompanying claims.

[0012] Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings, in which the use of like reference numbers in different drawings is intended to indicate the same or similar elements. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fluid regulator assembly according to an embodiment; [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the fluid regulator assembly of FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a housing of the fluid regulator assembly of FIG. [Figure 4] 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid regulator assembly of FIG. 1; [Diagram 5] 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the fluid regulator assembly of FIG. 1 taken at area A in FIG. 4 with the control device in a closed position; [Figure 6] 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the fluid regulator assembly of FIG. 1 taken at area A in FIG. 4 with the control device in an open position; [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the fluid regulator assembly of FIG. 1 illustrating various pressure regions of the fluid regulator assembly; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] Although the subject matter of the embodiments has been described with particularity in the specification to meet statutory requirements, this description is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claims. The claimed subject matter may be embodied in other ways, may include different elements or steps, or may be used in combination with other existing or future technologies. This description should not be construed as implying any particular order or arrangement among the various steps or elements unless the order of each step or arrangement of elements is explicitly described. References to directions such as "top", "bottom", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", among others, are intended to refer to the orientation as described and detailed, particularly in the figure (or figures) to which the components and directions refer. In the figures and description, like numerals are intended to represent like elements. Although the systems and methods provided herein are described in the context of gas regulation, in other embodiments, they may be used to regulate other types of fluids, as appropriate, and references to "gas" should not be considered limiting.

[0015] Described herein is a fluid regulator for fluids, including but not limited to gases. In certain embodiments, the fluid regulator assembly includes a housing with two control mechanisms within the housing. Under normal operating conditions, a first control mechanism within the housing can reduce the fluid pressure from an inlet fluid pressure to an intermediate fluid pressure, and a second control mechanism within the housing can reduce the fluid pressure from the intermediate fluid pressure to an outlet fluid pressure. As a non-limiting example, the first control mechanism can reduce the fluid pressure from the inlet fluid pressure to an intermediate fluid pressure of 7 kPa or less, and the second control mechanism can reduce the fluid pressure to a normal operating pressure of a home, such as less than 4 kPa, less than 3 kPa, about 2.75 kPa, etc. In various embodiments, if the second control mechanism fails, the first control mechanism can ensure that the downstream piping receives a maximum fluid pressure that is the intermediate fluid pressure (e.g., in a non-limiting example, about 7 kPa). In certain embodiments, if the first control mechanism fails, the second control mechanism can close the outlet of the housing, thereby protecting downstream consumers from spikes in fluid pressure. In various embodiments, the second control mechanism closes the outlet as a control element of the second control mechanism deforms, thereby exposing a balance diaphragm of the second control mechanism to the full inlet pressure of the regulator.

[0016] In certain embodiments, the fluid regulator assemblies provided herein may allow the relief valve to be set to a higher point as compared to conventional regulator assemblies. By way of non-limiting example, the fluid regulator assemblies provided herein may allow the relief valve to be set to a fluid pressure of 7 kPa. Being able to set the relief valve to a higher set point may ensure that the fluid regulator assembly minimizes greenhouse gas emissions from the regulator assembly while still providing a level of safety as desired.

[0017] In certain embodiments, the fluid regulator assemblies disclosed herein include at least one regulator with a plug, a diaphragm operably connected to the plug, and a control element within the fluid regulator that controls pressure acting on the diaphragm. In certain embodiments, the control element may control the pressure acting on the diaphragm to either an inlet pressure or an outlet pressure based on an inlet pressure at an inlet of the regulator. In some embodiments, the control element is selectively deformable to cause either the inlet pressure or the outlet pressure to act on the diaphragm based on the inlet pressure. In certain embodiments, the control element may cause the inlet pressure to be the pressure acting on the diaphragm when the inlet pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold pressure, and may cause the outlet pressure to be the pressure acting on the diaphragm when the inlet pressure is equal to or less than the predetermined threshold pressure. In some embodiments, the control element is a switching diaphragm within the fluid regulator that is selectively deformable based on the inlet pressure to cause either the inlet pressure or the outlet pressure to act on the diaphragm. In various aspects, the control element may selectively define an internal flow path between two pressure regions within the fluid regulator in response to the inlet pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure.

[0018] In various embodiments, a control element that controls the pressure acting on the diaphragm can prevent the diaphragm from bursting and can protect consumers by forcing the regulator closed. The control element optionally eliminates the need for an OPSO device, which allows the relief setting of the fluid regulator (i.e., the point at which the regulator vents to the environment) to be higher compared to a conventional regulator. A higher relief setting can minimize malfunctions, such as malfunctions due to solar radiation and other environmental heating on the fluid conduit, and can reduce greenhouse gases. Additionally, while an OPSO device shuts off the gas supply if the outlet pressure is exceeded, a regulator with a control element can provide protection based on an upstream event and independent of what is happening downstream, further reducing the risk of malfunction. Certain other aspects of the regulator can further provide improved safety. As a non-limiting example, the regulator's piston can be configured to block the regulator's orifice in the event of a regulator failure. Various other benefits and advantages can be realized with the cooling systems described herein, and the foregoing should not be considered limiting.

[0019] 1-7 show examples of fluid regulator assemblies 100 according to various embodiments for regulating a fluid, such as a gas. Fluid regulator assembly 100 can regulate the fluid such that the pressure of the fluid drops from an inlet pressure to an outlet pressure that is less than the inlet pressure. Fluid regulator assembly 100 generally includes a housing 102 and at least one regulator with a control element 126 for improved pressure control. In the embodiment shown, fluid regulator assembly 100 includes two regulators, a first regulator 104 and a second regulator 106, of which second regulator 106 includes a control element 126, as described in more detail below.

[0020] 3-7, in various embodiments, the housing 102 includes a housing inlet 108 for receiving a supply of fluid, such as from a supply conduit 130 connected to a gas distribution system, and a housing outlet 110 for delivering the fluid via a delivery conduit 132 to a downstream user, such as a factory, restaurant, apartment building, or the like, having one or more systems that use the fluid. As shown in FIG. 7, the supply conduit 130 and / or the delivery conduit 132 may optionally include a control valve 134 and / or other device or mechanism for controlling the flow of fluid upstream or downstream of the fluid regulator assembly 100.

[0021] In certain embodiments, the housing 102 includes at least one chamber between the housing inlet 108 and the housing outlet 110, such that fluid must pass through the chamber to travel between the housing inlet 108 and the housing outlet 110. In the embodiment shown, the housing 102 includes two chambers between the housing inlet 108 and the housing outlet 110: a first chamber 112 and a second chamber 114. In this embodiment, the first chamber 112 includes a first chamber inlet 113 and a first chamber outlet 115, and the second chamber 114 includes a second chamber inlet 117 and a second chamber outlet 119. Optionally, an intermediate passage 116 fluidly connects the first chamber 112 and the second chamber 114. In this embodiment, fluid flowing through fluid regulator assembly 100 must pass through first chamber inlet 113, first chamber 112, first chamber outlet 115, intermediate passage 116, second chamber inlet 117, second chamber 114 and second chamber outlet 119 to travel between housing inlet 108 and housing outlet 110.

[0022] In certain embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, a first cover 122 is coupled to the housing 102 to enclose the first chamber 112, and a second cover 124 is coupled to the housing 102 to enclose the second chamber 114. In various embodiments, the first cover 122 and / or the second cover 124 are removably attached to the housing 102 to selectively access the chambers 112, 114 and / or the components of the regulators 104, 106 within the chambers 112, 114, as desired. Optionally, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, the first cover 122 may include a first relief feature 127 for selectively venting the first chamber 112. Similarly, the second cover 124 may optionally include a second relief feature 128 for selectively venting the second chamber 114.

[0023] With reference to FIG. 4, regulators 104, 106 will now be described in more detail. As previously mentioned, in certain embodiments, the fluid regulator assembly need not include two regulators, but may instead include one regulator with a control element 126 and / or multiple regulators, at least one of which includes a control element 126. In the illustrated embodiment, first regulator 104 includes a first control assembly 136 for regulating the flow of fluid from first chamber 112, through first chamber outlet 115, to intermediate passage 116. In certain embodiments, first control assembly 136 regulates the fluid from the inlet pressure to an intermediate pressure lower than the inlet pressure based on the sensed intermediate pressure. Similarly, second regulator 106 includes a second control assembly 138 for regulating the flow of fluid from second chamber 114, through second chamber outlet 119, to housing outlet 110. In comparison to the first control assembly 136, the second control assembly 138 includes a control element 126 that selectively controls whether the second control assembly 138 controls flow based on an intermediate pressure upstream of the second chamber outlet 119 (e.g., in the second chamber 114 and / or intermediate passage 116) or based on an outlet pressure downstream of the second chamber outlet 119. In some embodiments, and as described in more detail below, the control element 126 controls the second control assembly 138 in response to the intermediate pressure (or the pressure of the fluid provided to the second regulator 106) exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure or being below a predetermined threshold pressure. As one non-limiting example, the control element 126 controls the second control assembly 138 to be responsive to the outlet pressure based on an intermediate pressure below the predetermined threshold pressure, and the control element 126 controls the second control assembly 138 to be responsive to the intermediate pressure based on the intermediate pressure exceeding the predetermined threshold pressure.

[0024] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the first control assembly 136 includes a plug 140, a diaphragm 142, and a piston (or stem) 144. The plug 140 can be a variety of suitable devices or features for selectively blocking or allowing fluid flow from the first chamber 112 through the first chamber outlet 115. The particular plug 140 shown in FIG. 4 should not be considered limiting. In various embodiments, and as described in more detail below, the plug 140 can be positioned such that the plug 140 is movable relative to the first chamber outlet 115 between an open position and a closed position by the diaphragm 142. Optionally, the plug 140 includes one or more sealing elements that selectively form a seal with the first chamber outlet 115 when the plug 140 is in the closed position. In some embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 4, the plug 140 is at least partially disposed within the first chamber outlet 115 and / or is at least partially downstream of the first chamber outlet 115. However, in other embodiments, the plug 140 may be positioned at a desired location relative to the first chamber outlet 115 to selectively block or allow flow through the first chamber outlet 115 .

[0025] The piston 144 operatively connects the plug 140 and the diaphragm 142 such that the diaphragm 142 selectively positions the plug 140 relative to the first chamber outlet 115. In various embodiments and as shown in FIG. 4, a support 146 supports the piston 144, and the piston 144 can be movable relative to the support 146. In some embodiments, the support 146 can divide the first chamber 112 into a first pressure region 148 and a second pressure region 150. The first pressure region 148 can contain fluid at an inlet pressure, and the second pressure region 150 can contain fluid at an intermediate pressure. In these embodiments and as shown in FIG. 4, the piston 144, optionally together with the plug 140, defines a passage 151 extending from the intermediate passage 116 to the second pressure region 150, such that the second pressure region 150 is in fluid communication with the intermediate passage 116. In certain embodiments, the piston 144 has a block shape or profile such that the piston 144 may block the first chamber outlet 115 if the piston 144 fails.

[0026] The diaphragm 142 may be supported within a second pressure region 150 of the first chamber 112 such that the diaphragm 142 may sense and respond to fluid at the intermediate pressure. The diaphragm 142 may be any suitable flexible device or member, as desired. Optionally, a biasing member 152, including but not limited to a spring, applies a biasing force to the diaphragm 142 to offset the intermediate pressure acting on the diaphragm 142. In certain embodiments, the biasing member 152 is adjustable, such that a desired balance pressure may be set by adjusting the biasing member 152.

[0027] An example of controlling a fluid using the first regulator 104 to regulate from an inlet pressure to an intermediate pressure is described below. In one example, a decreased or decreasing intermediate pressure is sensed by the diaphragm 142 (i.e., the intermediate pressure acting on the diaphragm 142 decreases), and the decrease in the sensed intermediate pressure causes the diaphragm 142 to move to the right in FIG. 4. In particular, the diaphragm 142 moves to the right to maintain a balance between the biasing force applied by the biasing member 152 and the intermediate pressure. The movement of the diaphragm 142 results in the plug 140 moving away from the first chamber outlet 115 (e.g., further into the intermediate passage 116), thereby opening the first chamber outlet 115 to increase the flow of fluid through the first chamber outlet 115, and increasing the intermediate pressure. Conversely, an increased or increasing intermediate pressure is sensed by the diaphragm 142, and the increase in the sensed intermediate pressure causes the diaphragm 142 to move to the left in FIG. 4. Such movement maintains a balance between the biasing force applied by biasing member 152 and the increased intermediate pressure. In this example, movement by diaphragm 142 results in plug 140 moving towards first chamber outlet 115, closing and / or restricting fluid flow through first chamber outlet 115 and reducing the intermediate pressure.

[0028] Similar to the first control assembly 136, the second control assembly 138 of the second regulator 106 includes a plug 154, a diaphragm 156, and a piston 158. The plug 154 can be a variety of suitable devices or features for selectively blocking or allowing fluid flow from the second chamber 114 through the second chamber outlet 119. In some embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 4, at least one characteristic of the plug 154 can be different than the plug 140. However, in other embodiments, the plug 154 can be substantially similar to the plug 140. The plug 154 can be positioned by the diaphragm 156 such that the plug 154 is movable relative to the second chamber outlet 119 between an open position and a closed position. In certain cases, the plug 154 can optionally include one or more sealing elements that selectively form a seal with the second chamber outlet 119 when the plug 154 is in the closed position.

[0029] The piston 158 operatively connects the plug 154 and the diaphragm 156 such that the diaphragm 156 selectively positions the plug 154 relative to the second chamber outlet 119. In various embodiments and as shown in FIG. 4, the support 160 supports the piston 158, and the piston 158 can be movable relative to the support 160. In comparison to the support 146, the support 160 defines a passageway 170 (see FIG. 4), which is selectively opened and closed by the control element 126. In some embodiments, the support 160 can interface with the control element 126 to divide the second chamber 114 into a first pressure region 162 and a second pressure region 164. The first pressure region 162 can include a fluid at an intermediate pressure and the second pressure region 164 can include a fluid at an outlet pressure. As such, the first pressure region 162 can be an intermediate pressure region and the second pressure region 164 can be an outlet pressure region.

[0030] 4, the piston 158, optionally including the plug 154, defines a passageway 166 extending from downstream of the second chamber outlet 119 to the second pressure region 164. In such an example, the second pressure region 164 is in fluid communication with the housing 102 downstream of the second chamber outlet 119 via the piston 158, such that fluid at an outlet pressure can be provided to the second pressure region 164 via the piston 158. Similar to the piston 144, the piston 158 can optionally include a blocking shape or profile such that the piston 158 can selectively block the second chamber outlet 119 when the piston 158 fails.

[0031] The diaphragm 156 may be supported within a second pressure region 164 of the second chamber 114 and may be a variety of suitable flexible devices and members, as desired. Optionally, a biasing member 168, including but not limited to a spring, applies a biasing force to the diaphragm 156 to offset the pressure acting on the diaphragm 156. In certain embodiments, the biasing member 168 is adjustable, such that a desired balance pressure may be set by adjusting the biasing member 168. As described in more detail below, the diaphragm 156 may selectively position the plug 154 relative to the control element 126 based on the intermediate pressure or the outlet pressure.

[0032] The control element 126 of the second regulator 106 is supported on the support 160 such that the control element 126 and the support 160 at least partially divide the second chamber 114 into a first pressure region 162 and a second pressure region 164. As mentioned above, in certain embodiments, the control element 126 is movable relative to the support 160 between a first (or closed) position (see, e.g., FIG. 5 ) and a second (or open) position (see, e.g., FIG. 6 ) such that the control element 126 selectively opens and closes a passageway 170 to selectively define a flow path region 171 leading from the first pressure region 162 to the second pressure region 164. In some cases, in the first position, the first pressure region 162 is not fluidly connected to the second pressure region 164 within the second chamber 114 (e.g., the pressure regions 162, 164 are partially separated), and in the second position, the first pressure region 162 is fluidly connected to the second pressure region 164 within the second chamber 114 (e.g., the pressure regions 162, 164 are partially separated).

[0033] In some embodiments, the control element 126 is movable between the first position and the second position based on the intermediate pressure in the first pressure region 162, and the control element 126 can be a variety of suitable devices or mechanisms for sensing and responding to the intermediate pressure. In the embodiment shown, the control element 126 is a switching diaphragm comprising a flexible material, and the switching diaphragm can be selectively deformable to move the control element 126 from the first position to the second position. In other embodiments, other suitable mechanisms or devices can be used as the control element 126, as desired.

[0034] As best shown in Figure 5, in certain embodiments, in the first position, the control element 126 blocks the passageway 170 and no flow path is defined between the pressure regions 162, 164. In these embodiments, the diaphragm 156 controls the position of the plug 154 based on the outlet pressure. As an example, fluid at the outlet pressure flows from an area downstream of the second chamber outlet 119 through the piston 158 to the second pressure region 164, where the fluid at the outlet pressure acts on the diaphragm 156 to position the plug 154. Figure 4 also shows the control element 126 in the first position.

[0035] 6, in the second position, the control element 126 opens the passageway 170 such that a flow path area 171 is defined between the pressure areas 162, 164, and fluid may flow from the second pressure area 164, through the flow path area 171, to the first pressure area 162. In the second position of the control element 126, the diaphragm 156 controls the position of the plug 154 based on the intermediate pressure or pressure downstream of the second chamber outlet 119.

[0036] In various embodiments, the control element 126 is movable from the first position to the second position based on the sensed intermediate pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure. The predetermined threshold pressure may be various pressures as desired. In some embodiments, the predetermined threshold pressure may be greater than a safety pressure or other pressure at which the consumer is protected. As one non-limiting example, the predetermined threshold pressure may be from about 6.5 kPa to about 15 kPa, from about 6.5 kPa to about 10 kPa, from about 6.5 kPa to about 7.0 kPa, etc. However, in other embodiments, the predetermined threshold pressure may be set to various other pressures as desired.

[0037] Non-limiting examples of flow control using the second regulator 106 are described in detail below. In a first example, the control element 126 may sense that the intermediate pressure is below the predetermined threshold pressure and remain in the first position. In this example and while the intermediate pressure is below the predetermined threshold pressure, the second regulator 106 functions similarly to the first regulator 104. For example, a reduced or decreasing outlet pressure (downstream of the second chamber outlet 119) may be sensed by the diaphragm 156, and a decrease in the sensed intermediate pressure may cause the diaphragm 156 to move downward in FIG. 4. In particular, the diaphragm 156 moves downward to maintain a balance between the bias force applied by the biasing member 168 and the outlet pressure. The movement of the diaphragm 156 results in the plug 154 moving away from the second chamber outlet 119, opening the second chamber outlet 119 and increasing the flow of fluid through the second chamber outlet 119 and increasing the outlet pressure. Conversely, while the intermediate pressure is below the predetermined threshold pressure, the increased or increasing outlet pressure is sensed by diaphragm 156, and the increased sensed outlet pressure causes diaphragm 156 to move upward in FIG. 4. Such movement maintains a balance between the biasing force applied by biasing member 168 and the increased outlet pressure. Such movement by diaphragm 156 results in plug 154 moving toward second chamber outlet 119, closing and / or restricting fluid flow through second chamber outlet 119 and reducing the outlet pressure.

[0038] In a second example, control element 126 senses that the intermediate pressure exceeds the predetermined threshold pressure and moves to the second position such that flow path area 171 is defined between pressure areas 162, 164, for example as shown in Figure 6. In this example, and while the intermediate pressure exceeds the predetermined threshold pressure, the intermediate pressure acts on diaphragm 156 rather than the outlet pressure, and diaphragm 156 balances the intermediate pressure and the biasing force applied by biasing member 168.

[0039] 7 illustrates various pressure regions within fluid regulator assembly 100 during normal operation of fluid regulator assembly 100. In this embodiment, a pattern of densely packed large dots 501 indicates regions where the fluid is at an inlet pressure, a pattern of densely packed thick dots 503 indicates regions where the fluid is at an intermediate pressure, and a pattern of densely packed small dots 505 indicates regions where the fluid is at an outlet pressure. During normal operation, first regulator 104 reduces the pressure of the fluid from the inlet pressure to an intermediate pressure that is lower than the inlet pressure, and second regulator 106 reduces the fluid pressure from the intermediate pressure to an outlet pressure that is lower than the intermediate pressure. In one non-limiting example, the inlet pressure may be greater than 20 kPa, for example, from 20 kPa to about 800 kPa, although in other embodiments the inlet pressure may be various other inlet pressures as desired. In a non-limiting example, the intermediate pressure may be 4.0-7.0 kPa, for example, 4.0-6.5 kPa, and in other embodiments, the intermediate pressure may be various other intermediate pressures lower than the inlet pressure, if desired. In a non-limiting example, the outlet pressure may be 1.0 kPa-3.0 kPa, for example, 2.0-3.0 kPa, for example, 1.1-1.5 kPa, and in other embodiments, the outlet pressure may be various other outlet pressures lower than the inlet pressure, if desired.

[0040] As discussed above, the control device 126 of the second regulator 106 may control the second regulator 106 such that the diaphragm 156 moves the plug 154 based on the outlet pressure when the intermediate pressure is below a predetermined threshold. When the intermediate pressure exceeds the predetermined threshold, the control element 126 deforms and / or opens the passageway 170 such that the intermediate pressure acts on the diaphragm 156 and the diaphragm 156 moves the plug 154 based on the intermediate pressure.

[0041] Control of fluid using fluid regulator assembly 100 is described in the following example. The specific pressure values ​​described in this example should not be considered limiting. In this example, during normal operation, the fluid regulator assembly receives fluid at housing inlet 108 and at an inlet pressure of 20-500 kPa. First regulator 104 is controlled by an intermediate pressure acting on diaphragm 142 to control the flow of fluid through first chamber outlet 115 (e.g., diaphragm 142 moves plug 140 based on the intermediate pressure, thereby controlling the flow of fluid through first chamber outlet 115). Such control by first regulator 106 reduces the pressure from the inlet pressure to an intermediate pressure of 4.0-6.5 kPa. Fluid at the intermediate pressure is provided to second regulator 106. Control element 126 of second regulator 106 may be set such that the predetermined threshold pressure is 6.5 kPa. During this initial stage, where the intermediate pressure is between 4.0-6.5 kPa (or below the predetermined threshold pressure), the control element 126 remains in the first position and the second regulator 106 is controlled by the outlet pressure acting on the diaphragm 156 to control the flow of fluid through the second chamber outlet 119 (e.g., the diaphragm 156 moves the plug 154 based on the outlet pressure, thereby controlling the flow of fluid through the second chamber outlet 119). Such control reduces the pressure from the intermediate pressure to an outlet pressure of between 1.1-3.0 kPa, e.g., an outlet pressure of between 1.1-1.5 kPa. During operation, the fluid regulator assembly 100 may experience a failure of the first regulator 104, which is unable to regulate the inlet pressure down from 20-500 kPa to 4.0-6.5 kPa. For example, the failed first regulator 104 may regulate the inlet pressure down to an increased intermediate pressure of between 12-17 kPa. In this example, the control element 126 detects that the increased intermediate pressure (12-17 kPa) is greater than a predetermined threshold pressure (6.5 kPa), causing the control element 126 to deform and / or open the passageway 170 so that fluid at the increased intermediate pressure acts on the diaphragm 156.In this example, a sudden change in pressure acting on the diaphragm 156 (i.e., an increased intermediate pressure of 12-17 kPa compared to 1.1-3.0 kPa under normal conditions) causes the diaphragm 156 to move the plug 154, closing the second chamber outlet 119.

[0042] The aforementioned control by the control element 126 can prevent the diaphragm 156 from bursting and protect the user from sudden increases in fluid pressure. This control by the control element 126 can also eliminate the need for an OPSO device. In certain embodiments, the control element 126 can also allow the discharge via the relief features 127, 128 to be set at a higher pressure compared to conventional regulators, which can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the environment compared to conventional regulators.

[0043] Below, a collection of examples is provided, including at least some explicitly listed as "examples" that provide additional explanation of various embodiments consistent with the concepts described herein. These examples are not intended to be mutually exclusive, exhaustive, or limiting, and the disclosure is not limited to these examples, but rather includes all possible modifications and variations within the scope of the issued claims and their equivalents.

[0044] Example 1. A fluid regulator assembly for a fluid, the fluid regulator assembly comprising: a housing including an inlet, an outlet, and a chamber between the inlet and the outlet and in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet; and a regulator coupled to the housing and comprising a control assembly. The control assembly comprises a plug, a diaphragm operably coupled to the plug, and a control element. The plug is movable relative to the outlet to control the flow of the fluid through the housing. The diaphragm is configured to control the plug in response to a control pressure acting on the diaphragm. The control element is positionable between a first position and a second position to control the control pressure acting on the diaphragm. In the first position, the control pressure is an outlet pressure downstream of the outlet. In the second position, the control pressure is at least an inlet pressure upstream of the outlet.

[0045] Example 2. In any preceding or following example or combination of examples, the control element is movable from a first position to a second position in response to an inlet pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure.

[0046] Example 3. Any of the preceding or following examples or combinations of examples of the fluid regulator assembly, wherein the predetermined threshold pressure is greater than 7.0 kPa.

[0047] Example 4. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the control element is a switching diaphragm within the chamber. The diaphragm is deformable within the chamber such that it is positionable between a first position and a second position.

[0048] Example 5. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the regulator further comprises a piston connecting the diaphragm and the plug, a support within the chamber, the support supporting the piston within the chamber such that the piston is movable relative to the support, the support supporting the control element within the chamber, and a biasing member biasing the diaphragm.

[0049] Example 6. Any of the preceding or following examples or combinations of examples, wherein in a first position, the control element divides the chamber into an inlet pressure region at an inlet pressure and an outlet pressure region at an outlet pressure, the outlet pressure being less than the inlet pressure. A flow path is defined through the outlet to the outlet pressure region.

[0050] Example 7. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the regulator further comprises a piston connecting the diaphragm and the plug. The piston extends at least partially into the outlet. The piston comprises a passageway defining a flow path through the outlet, through the piston, and into an outlet pressure region of the chamber.

[0051] Example 8. Any fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein in the second position the control element is deformed such that a flow path is defined within the chamber from the inlet pressure region to the outlet pressure region.

[0052] Example 9. A fluid regulator assembly for a fluid, the fluid regulator assembly comprising: a housing including an inlet, an outlet, and a chamber between the inlet and the outlet and in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet; and a regulator coupled to the housing and including a control assembly. The control assembly comprises a plug, a diaphragm operably coupled to the plug, and a control element. The plug is movable relative to the outlet to control the flow of fluid through the housing. The control element is adjustable based on an inlet pressure upstream of the outlet, such that when the inlet pressure is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold pressure, the diaphragm controls the plug in response to an outlet pressure downstream of the outlet, and when the inlet pressure is greater than the predetermined threshold pressure, the diaphragm controls the plug in response to the inlet pressure.

[0053] Example 10. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the regulator further comprises a piston connecting the diaphragm and the plug, the piston configured to block the outlet upon failure of the piston, and a support within the chamber. The support supports the piston within the chamber such that the piston is movable relative to the support. The support supports the control element within the chamber.

[0054] Example 11. Any of the preceding or following examples or combinations of examples, wherein the control element divides the chamber into an inlet pressure region at an inlet pressure and an outlet pressure region at an outlet pressure in response to an inlet pressure being less than or equal to a predetermined threshold pressure. The diaphragm is in the outlet pressure region. The outlet pressure is less than the inlet pressure. A flow path is defined through the outlet to the outlet pressure region.

[0055] Example 12. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the regulator further comprises a piston connecting the diaphragm and the plug. The piston extends at least partially to the outlet. The piston includes a passageway defining a flow path from the outlet, through the piston, to an outlet pressure region of the chamber.

[0056] Example 13. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the control element is a switching diaphragm within the chamber. The diaphragm is deformable within the chamber such that a piston is controlled in response to an outlet pressure or an inlet pressure.

[0057] Example 14. A fluid regulator assembly for a fluid, the fluid regulator assembly comprising: a housing including a first chamber having a first chamber inlet and a first chamber outlet configured to receive a fluid at an inlet pressure, a second chamber having a second chamber inlet and a second chamber outlet, and an intermediate passage connecting the first chamber outlet and the second chamber inlet; a first control assembly including a first plug and a first diaphragm operably connected to the first plug, the first plug being movable relative to the first chamber outlet to control the flow of fluid through the first chamber outlet, the first diaphragm being within the first chamber and responsive to the intermediate pressure. and a second regulator comprising a first control assembly configured to position a first plug accordingly, and a second control assembly comprising a second plug, a second diaphragm operatively connected to the second plug, and a control element, the second plug being moveable relative to the second chamber outlet to control fluid flow through the second chamber outlet, the second diaphragm being within the second chamber and configured to position the second plug in response to a control pressure, the control element being configured to control the control pressure in response to the intermediate pressure such that the control pressure is either the intermediate pressure or an outlet pressure downstream of the second chamber outlet.

[0058] Example 15. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the control element is configured to control the control pressure as the intermediate pressure or the outlet pressure in response to the intermediate pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure. Below the predetermined threshold pressure, the control element controls the second regulator such that the outlet pressure is the control pressure. Above the predetermined threshold pressure, the control element controls the second regulator such that the intermediate pressure is the control pressure.

[0059] Example 16. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the control element is a switching diaphragm in the second chamber. The switching diaphragm is selectively deformable in response to an intermediate pressure such that the second plug is positioned in response to either the intermediate pressure or the outlet pressure.

[0060] Example 17. In the fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, the control element divides the second chamber into an intermediate pressure region and an outlet pressure region in response to the intermediate pressure being less than or equal to a predetermined threshold pressure. The intermediate pressure region is at the intermediate pressure and the outlet pressure region is at the outlet pressure. The second diaphragm is in the outlet pressure region. The outlet pressure is less than the intermediate pressure. A flow path is defined from the second chamber outlet and to the intermediate pressure region.

[0061] Example 18. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the second regulator further comprises a piston connecting the second diaphragm and the second plug. The piston extends at least partially into the second chamber outlet. The piston includes a passageway defining a flow path from the outlet, through the piston, and into the outlet pressure of the chamber.

[0062] Example 19. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the first regulator further comprises a piston connecting the first diaphragm and the first plug and a support in the first chamber. The support supports the piston in the first chamber such that the piston is movable relative to the support. The support divides the first chamber into an inlet pressure region at the inlet pressure and an intermediate pressure region at the intermediate pressure. The first diaphragm is in the intermediate pressure region.

[0063] Example 20. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the piston extends at least partially into the intermediate passage. The piston defines a passageway fluidly connecting an intermediate pressure region of the first chamber and the intermediate passage.

[0064] Example 21. A fluid regulator assembly for a fluid, the fluid regulator assembly comprising: a housing having an inlet, a chamber and an outlet, the chamber in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet; and a regulator at least partially within the chamber, dividing the chamber into an inlet pressure region at an inlet pressure and an outlet pressure region at an outlet pressure lower than the inlet pressure. The regulator is configured to regulate the fluid from the inlet pressure to the outlet pressure and to control flow of the fluid from the chamber through the outlet based on the outlet pressure. The regulator is configured to define a flow path within the chamber from the inlet pressure region to the outlet pressure region in response to the intermediate pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure.

[0065] Example 22. Any of the preceding or following examples or combinations of examples, wherein the regulator includes a diaphragm in an outlet pressure region, a biasing member that applies a biasing force to the diaphragm, and a plug in operative communication with the diaphragm. The diaphragm is configured to regulate a fluid from an inlet pressure to an outlet pressure and to regulate a flow path of the fluid from the chamber through the outlet by balancing the outlet pressure and the biasing force. The balancing by the diaphragm positions the plug relative to the outlet.

[0066] Example 23. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the regulator further comprises a switching diaphragm within the chamber and separating the inlet pressure region from the outlet pressure region, the switching diaphragm being selectively deformable to selectively define a flow path through the regulator from the inlet pressure region to the outlet pressure region.

[0067] Example 24. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the regulator further comprises a support and a piston supported by and movable relative to the support. The plug is operatively connected to the diaphragm through the piston. The piston is configured to block the outlet upon failure of the piston.

[0068] Example 25. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the regulator further comprises a support, a piston supported by the support and movable relative to the support, a first diaphragm connected to the piston and configured to position the piston relative to the support, and a second diaphragm connected to the support and separating an inlet pressure region from an outlet pressure region. The second diaphragm is selectively deformable in response to the inlet pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure. Deformation of the second diaphragm defines a flow path in the chamber from the inlet pressure region to the outlet pressure region.

[0069] Example 26. In any preceding or following example or combination of examples, the predetermined threshold pressure is 7.0 kPa.

[0070] Example 27. A fluid regulator assembly for a fluid, the fluid regulator assembly comprising: a housing including a first chamber with a first chamber inlet and a first chamber outlet, a second chamber with a second chamber inlet and a second chamber outlet, and an intermediate passage in fluid communication between the first chamber outlet and the second chamber inlet; a first regulator including a first diaphragm at least partially within the first chamber and configured to selectively position a first plug to control the flow of fluid from the first chamber to the intermediate passage through the first chamber outlet and regulate from an inlet pressure to an intermediate pressure, and the first regulator including the first plug; and a second regulator at least partially within the second chamber and configured to selectively position a second plug to control the flow of fluid from the second chamber through the second chamber outlet and regulate from an inlet pressure to an outlet pressure. The second regulator further comprises a switching diaphragm between the second chamber inlet and the second chamber outlet and selectively deformable in response to the intermediate pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure.

[0071] Example 28. Any fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the first regulator further comprises a first biasing member applying a first biasing force against the first diaphragm. The first diaphragm is configured to position a first plug to control flow of fluid from the first chamber through the first chamber outlet to the intermediate passageway and regulate the fluid from the inlet pressure to the intermediate pressure by balancing the intermediate pressure and the first biasing force. The balancing by the first diaphragm positions the first plug against the first chamber outlet. The second regulator further comprises a second biasing member applying a second biasing force against the second diaphragm. The second diaphragm is configured to position a second plug to control flow of fluid from the second chamber through the second chamber outlet and regulate the fluid from the intermediate pressure to the outlet pressure by balancing the outlet pressure and the second biasing force. The balancing by the second diaphragm positions the second plug against the second chamber outlet.

[0072] Example 29. In the fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, at least one of the first biasing member or the second biasing member is adjustable such that at least one of the first biasing force or the second biasing force is adjustable.

[0073] Example 30. In the fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, the predetermined threshold pressure is greater than 6.5 kPa.

[0074] Example 31. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the second regulator further comprises a support and a piston supported by the support and movable relative to the support. The second plug is operatively connected to the second diaphragm through the piston. The piston is configured to block the second chamber outlet upon failure of the piston.

[0075] Example 32. A fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the first regulator divides the first chamber into an inlet pressure region at an inlet pressure and an intermediate pressure region at an intermediate pressure lower than the inlet pressure. The first diaphragm is in the intermediate pressure region of the first chamber. The first regulator comprises a passageway fluidly connecting the intermediate passageway with the intermediate pressure region of the first chamber. The second regulator switching diaphragm divides the second chamber into an intermediate pressure region at the intermediate pressure and an outlet pressure region at an outlet pressure lower than the intermediate pressure region. The second diaphragm is in the outlet pressure region. The second regulator comprises a passageway fluidly connecting the second chamber with the outlet pressure region of the second chamber.

[0076] Example 33. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the inlet pressure is greater than 20 kPa. The intermediate pressure is greater than or equal to 4.0 kPa and less than or equal to 6.5 kPa. The outlet pressure is less than 4.0 kPa.

[0077] Example 34. A fluid regulator assembly for a fluid, the fluid regulator assembly comprising a housing including a first chamber with a first chamber inlet and a first chamber outlet, a second chamber with a second chamber inlet and a second chamber outlet, the second chamber inlet being in fluid communication with the first chamber outlet, a first regulator within the first chamber and configured to divide the first chamber into an inlet pressure region at an inlet pressure and an intermediate pressure region at an intermediate pressure lower than the inlet pressure, the first regulator configured to regulate a fluid from the inlet pressure to the intermediate pressure and control a flow of fluid from the inlet pressure region of the first chamber to the second chamber inlet based on the intermediate pressure region, and a second regulator within the second chamber and configured to divide the second chamber into an intermediate pressure region at an intermediate pressure and an outlet pressure region at an outlet pressure lower than the intermediate pressure. The second regulator configured to regulate a fluid from the intermediate pressure to an outlet pressure and control a flow of fluid from the second chamber through the second chamber outlet based on the outlet pressure. The second regulator is configured to define a flow path from an intermediate pressure region of the second chamber to an outlet pressure region within the second chamber in response to the intermediate pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure.

[0078] Example 35. Any of the preceding or following examples or combinations of examples, wherein the second regulator includes a diaphragm in the outlet pressure region, a biasing member that applies a biasing force to the diaphragm, and a plug in operative communication with the diaphragm. The diaphragm is configured to regulate from the intermediate pressure to the outlet pressure and control the flow of fluid from the chamber through the second chamber outlet by balancing the outlet pressure and the biasing force. The balancing by the diaphragm positions the plug relative to the second chamber outlet.

[0079] Example 36. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the second regulator further comprises a switching diaphragm in the second chamber separating the intermediate pressure from the outlet pressure region, the switching diaphragm being selectively deformable such that a flow path is selectively defined by the second regulator from the inlet pressure region to the outlet pressure region.

[0080] Example 37. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the second regulator further comprises a support and a piston supported by and movable relative to the support. The plug is operatively connected to the diaphragm through the piston. The piston is configured to block the second chamber outlet upon failure of the piston.

[0081] Example 38. Any of the preceding or following examples or combinations of examples, wherein the second regulator further comprises a support, a piston supported by the support and movable relative to the support, a first diaphragm connected to the piston and configured to position the piston relative to the support, and a second diaphragm connected to the support and separating an intermediate pressure region from an outlet pressure region. The second diaphragm is selectively deformable in response to the intermediate pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold pressure. Deformation of the second diaphragm defines a flow path within the chamber from the inlet pressure region to the outlet pressure region.

[0082] Example 39. The fluid regulator assembly of any preceding or following example or combination of examples, wherein the inlet pressure is greater than 20 kPa. The intermediate pressure is greater than or equal to 4.0 kPa and less than or equal to 6.5 kPa. The outlet pressure is less than 4.0 kPa.

[0083] Example 40. In any preceding or following example or combination of examples, the predetermined threshold pressure is 7.0 kPa.

[0084] The above-described embodiments are merely examples of possible implementations, and are merely presented for a clear understanding of the principles of the present disclosure. Many changes and modifications can be made to the above-described embodiments without substantially departing from the spirit and principles of the present disclosure. All such changes and modifications are intended to be included in the specification within the scope of the present disclosure, and all possible claims to individual aspects or combinations of elements or steps are intended to be supported by the present disclosure. Moreover, although specific terms are used in the specification and the following claims, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and are not used to limit the disclosed embodiments or the following claims.

Claims

1. 1. A method of controlling a fluid pressure of a fluid with a fluid regulator assembly, comprising: Under normal conditions, receiving the fluid at an inlet of the fluid regulator assembly at an inlet fluid pressure; reducing the inlet fluid pressure using a first control mechanism such that the fluid is at an intermediate fluid pressure; reducing the intermediate fluid pressure using a second control mechanism such that the fluid is at an outlet fluid pressure at an outlet of the fluid regulator assembly; Equipped with The method comprises: responsive to a fault by the second control mechanism, controlling, by the first control mechanism, the fluid to be at the intermediate fluid pressure at an outlet of the fluid regulator assembly; closing the outlet of the fluid regulator assembly with the second control mechanism in response to a fault by the first control mechanism; The method further comprises:

2. and venting fluid from the housing using a relief valve based on the intermediate fluid pressure exceeding 6 kPa. The method of claim 1.

3. and discharging the fluid comprises discharging the fluid based on the intermediate fluid pressure exceeding 7 kPa. The method of claim 2.

4. the intermediate fluid pressure is less than 7 kPa and the outlet fluid pressure is less than 4 kPa; The method of claim 1.

5. the outlet fluid pressure is less than 3 kPa; The method according to claim 4.

6. closing the outlet with the second control mechanism comprises deforming a control element such that the fluid at the inlet fluid pressure acts on a balance diaphragm of the fluid regulator assembly. The method of claim 1.

7. 1. A method of controlling fluid from a fluid regulator assembly, comprising: providing the fluid regulator assembly comprising a housing, a first control mechanism within the housing, and a second control mechanism within the housing, the first control mechanism configured to reduce a fluid pressure of the fluid from an inlet fluid pressure to an intermediate fluid pressure, and the second control mechanism configured to reduce the fluid pressure of the fluid from the intermediate fluid pressure to an outlet fluid pressure; in response to a failure of the second control mechanism, controlling with the first control mechanism the fluid such that the fluid pressure at the outlet of the housing is an intermediate fluid pressure; in response to a failure of the second control mechanism, closing the outlet of the housing with the second control mechanism; A method for providing the above.

8. and venting the fluid from the housing using a relief valve based on the intermediate fluid pressure exceeding 6 kPa. The method of claim 7.

9. and discharging the fluid comprises discharging the fluid based on the intermediate fluid pressure exceeding 7 kPa. The method according to claim 8.

10. the intermediate fluid pressure is less than 7 kPa and the outlet fluid pressure is less than 4 kPa; The method of claim 7.

11. The outlet fluid pressure is less than 3 kPa. The method of claim 10.

12. the second control mechanism comprises a deformable control element and a balance diaphragm; the deformable control element is configured to control the fluid acting on the balance diaphragm. The method of claim 7.

13. closing the outlet with the second control mechanism comprises deforming the control element such that the fluid at the inlet fluid pressure acts on a balance diaphragm of the fluid regulator assembly. The method of claim 12.

14. 1. A fluid regulator assembly for a fluid, comprising: a housing having an inlet and an outlet, the housing configured to receive the fluid having an inlet fluid pressure at the inlet; a first control mechanism within the housing and configured to control the fluid to reduce the inlet fluid pressure to an intermediate fluid pressure; a second control mechanism within the housing and configured to control the fluid to reduce the intermediate fluid pressure to an outlet fluid pressure; Equipped with in response to a failure of the second control mechanism, the first control mechanism is configured to control the fluid at the outlet to be at the intermediate fluid pressure; the second control mechanism is configured to close the outlet in response to a failure of the first control mechanism. Fluid Regulator Assembly.

15. The intermediate pressure is 7 kPa or less, and the outlet fluid pressure is less than 4 kPa; The fluid regulator assembly of claim 14.

16. a relief valve configured to vent the fluid from the fluid regulator assembly based on the intermediate fluid pressure exceeding 6 kPa. The fluid regulator assembly of claim 14.

17. the relief valve is configured to exhaust the fluid based on the intermediate fluid pressure exceeding 7 kPa; The fluid regulator assembly of claim 16.

18. the second control mechanism comprises a deformable control element and a balance diaphragm; the deformable control element is configured to control the fluid acting on the balance diaphragm. The fluid regulator assembly of claim 14.

19. the deformable control element is configured to deform in response to the failure of the first control mechanism such that the fluid at the inlet fluid pressure acts on the balance diaphragm. The fluid regulator assembly of claim 18.

20. the housing includes a first chamber, a second chamber, and an intermediate passage connecting the first chamber and the second chamber; the first control mechanism is in the first chamber and comprises a first plug and a first diaphragm operably coupled to the first plug; the first diaphragm is configured to accommodate the first plug; a second regulator is in the second chamber and includes a second plug, a second diaphragm operably coupled to the second plug, and a control element; the second diaphragm is configured to accommodate the second plug; the control element is configured to control the fluid acting on the second diaphragm to be the fluid at the outlet fluid pressure or the fluid at the inlet fluid pressure; The fluid regulator assembly of claim 14.

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