Systems and methods for tactile calibration

Abstract

A switch pack for a vehicle is provided that includes a haptic motor configured to provide haptic feedback to a user in a first mode of operation and to provide haptic feedback to at least one sensor in a second mode of operation. The switch pack includes at least one sensor adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to a force applied to the at least one sensor by a user during the first mode of operation. The at least one sensor is further configured to sense the haptic feedback provided by the haptic motor during the second mode of operation.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] [CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 292,398, filed December 21, 2021, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for improving haptic feedback, and more particularly, to calibrating a steering wheel assembly for haptic feedback. [Background technology]

[0003] Steering wheel assemblies are associated with several automotive applications that allow a driver to steer a vehicle. Current steering wheel assemblies are primarily used to control the movement of the vehicle. However, there are many other functions that a driver may need to change or update while driving, such as, for example, selecting a driving assistance function, activating a turn signal, activating a horn, controlling the environment (e.g., increasing or decreasing the cabin temperature or increasing or decreasing the fan speed), making a phone call, or another action. In such situations, the driver must typically remove at least one hand from the steering wheel assembly to operate a function on another interface. This can cause the driver to be distracted from driving.

[0004] Some steering wheel assemblies include one or more pressure-sensitive components disposed within a switch pack. The pressure-sensitive components generate an electrical signal in response to a force applied to the switch pack. The pressure-sensitive components may provide haptic feedback via a haptic motor. In this manner, the haptic motor is designed to provide haptic feedback to a user when the user interacts with the pressure-sensitive components. However, the quality of the haptic feedback may vary between switch packs due to manufacturing variations (e.g., component tolerances, assembly, materials, manufacturing variations) as well as switch pack activity (e.g., wear, environment, warping, etc.). Therefore, the quality of the haptic feedback needs to be normalized to ensure a quality user experience for vehicle activity. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The present disclosure relates to a steering wheel assembly including a calibration system. The steering wheel assembly includes a steering rim. The steering wheel assembly also includes a switch pack connected to the steering rim. The steering wheel assembly further includes at least one pressure or proximity sensitive component (e.g., a sensor) disposed within the switch pack.

[0006] In a first mode of operation, at least one pressure or proximity sensitive component (e.g., a sensor) generates an electrical signal in response to a force applied to the switch pack or an anticipation of a force applied thereto. The at least one pressure or proximity sensitive component may include any one or more of at least one piezoelectric switch, a piezoelectric sensor, and a capacitance array. In certain embodiments, a controller is electrically connected to the at least one pressure or proximity sensitive component. The controller determines a user input or gesture made by a user on the switch pack based on the electrical signal received from the at least one pressure or proximity sensitive component.

[0007] In the second mode of operation, at least one pressure or proximity sensing component acts as a target sensor for a calibration process. During the calibration process, the target sensor senses haptic reproductions emitted by a haptic motor disposed on the steering wheel assembly. The target sensor provides data or information related to the sensed haptic reproductions to the calibration system. In certain embodiments, the controller calibrates the haptic motor. For example, in certain embodiments, the controller determines a resonant frequency of the steering wheel assembly, which is then utilized during the first mode of operation.

[0008] One aspect relates to a switch pack for a vehicle, the switch pack comprising at least one sensor adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to a force applied to the at least one sensor by a user during a first mode of operation, and a haptic motor configured to provide haptic feedback to the user in response to the force applied to the at least one sensor during the first mode of operation and to provide haptic feedback to the at least one sensor during a second mode of operation, the at least one sensor further configured to sense the haptic feedback provided by the haptic motor during the second mode of operation.

[0009] In a variation of the above embodiment, the first mode of operation is during use of the vehicle and the second mode of operation is during a calibration process of the haptic motor.

[0010] A variation of the above aspect further includes a controller configured to identify the resonant frequency based at least in part on haptic feedback sensed by the at least one sensor during the second mode of operation.

[0011] In a variation of the above aspect, the controller is further configured to vary the haptic feedback provided by the haptic motor during the first mode of operation based at least in part on the resonant frequency.

[0012] A variation of the above aspect further includes a controller configured to generate an output signal based on the electrical signal received from the at least one sensor.

[0013] In a variation of the above aspect, the output signal is a control signal for changing a setting of the vehicle.

[0014] In a variation of the above aspect, the control signal is configured to change the setting of a left or right turn indicator of the vehicle.

[0015] In a variation of the above aspect, the control signal is configured to change a high beam or low beam headlamp setting of the vehicle.

[0016] In a variation of the above aspect, the control signal is configured to change a setting of a window wiper of the vehicle.

[0017] In a variation of the above aspect, the control signal is configured to change a setting of a driving assistance mode or an autonomous driving mode of the vehicle.

[0018] One aspect relates to a method of calibrating a switch pack for a vehicle, the method including emitting a tactile profile at a first frequency during a first mode of operation, sensing the tactile profile of the first frequency with at least one sensor during the first mode of operation, the at least one sensor further adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to a force applied to the at least one sensor by a user of the vehicle during a second mode of operation, and identifying a resonant frequency of the switch pack based at least in part on the sensed tactile profile.

[0019] A variation of the above aspect further includes providing haptic feedback during the second mode of operation based at least in part on the resonant frequency.

[0020] A variation of the above aspect further includes generating an output signal based on the electrical signal received from the at least one sensor.

[0021] In a variation of the above aspect, the output signal is a control signal for changing a setting of the vehicle.

[0022] In a variation of the above aspect, the control signal is configured to change the setting of a left or right turn indicator of the vehicle.

[0023] In a variation of the above aspect, the control signal is configured to change a high beam or low beam headlamp setting of the vehicle.

[0024] In a variation of the above aspect, the control signal is configured to change a setting of a window wiper of the vehicle.

[0025] In a variation of the above aspect, the control signal is configured to change a setting of a driving assistance mode or an autonomous driving mode of the vehicle.

[0026] A variation of the above aspect further includes emitting a tactile profile at a second frequency during the first mode of operation, the second frequency being different from the first frequency. Identifying the resonant frequency of the switch pack further includes sensing the tactile profile of the second frequency with at least one sensor during the first mode of operation and comparing the tactile profiles of the first and second frequencies.

[0027] In a variation of the above embodiment, comparing the tactile profiles includes performing one or more Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) on the sensed samples.

[0028] In a variation of the above aspect, comparing the tactile profiles includes determining one or more scalars of frequency.

[0029] One aspect relates to a method for calibrating a steering wheel of a vehicle, the method including emitting a haptic profile at a frequency from a first location on the steering wheel, sensing the emitted haptic profile at a second location on the steering wheel, the second location separated from the first location by a distance X, and identifying a resonant frequency of the steering wheel based at least in part on the sensed haptic profile.

[0030] A variation of the above aspect further includes emitting a haptic profile at a second frequency from a first location on the steering wheel, and identifying the resonant frequency of the steering wheel further includes sensing the haptic profile emitted at the second frequency at the second location on the steering wheel and comparing the first and second frequency haptic profiles.

[0031] In a variation of the above embodiment, distance X is less than or equal to about 3 inches (7.62 centimeters).

[0032] In a variation of the above embodiment, the first position coincides with the position of the haptic motor.

[0033] In a variation of the above embodiment, the second position coincides with a position of a sensor, the sensor being configured to generate an electrical signal in response to a force being applied to the sensor by a user.

[0034] A variation of the above aspect further includes providing haptic feedback in response to a force applied to the at least one sensor by a user of the vehicle, the haptic feedback being based at least in part on the resonant frequency.

[0035] One aspect relates to a user interface for a vehicle, the user interface comprising at least one sensor adapted to sense a force applied to the at least one sensor during a first mode of operation, and a haptic motor configured to provide haptic feedback in response to the force applied to the at least one sensor during the first mode of operation and to provide haptic feedback to the at least one sensor during a second mode of operation, the at least one sensor further configured to sense the haptic feedback provided by the haptic motor during the second mode of operation.

[0036] In a variation of the above aspect, the first mode of operation is while the user interface is in use.

[0037] In a variation of the above embodiment, the second mode of operation is during a calibration process of the haptic motor.

[0038] In a variation of the above aspect, the user interface is a steering wheel.

[0039] In a variation of the above aspect, the user interface is a switchpack. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0040] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements and in which:

[0041] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system including a controller and a steering wheel assembly for a vehicle that provides haptic calibration.

[0042] [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a vehicle including the system of FIG. 1.

[0043] [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is an interior view of the vehicle of FIG. 2 showing a steering wheel assembly in a yoke-type configuration.

[0044] [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a top view of the steering assembly in FIG. 3 with the airbag module removed from the switch pack of the steering assembly.

[0045] [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram of a first portion of the left side of the switch pack in FIG. 4 showing an outline of one or more sensors and haptic motors located within the switch pack.

[0046] [Figure 6] 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary process implemented by the controller in FIG. 1 to calibrate the haptic motor.

[0047] [Figure 7] 7 is a chart of a calibration process performed by the method of FIG. 6.

[0048] [Figure 8] 2A-2C are two example charts of Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) performed on samples at two different example frequencies (180 Hz, 205 Hz) showing that the magnitude of haptic feedback increases at a resonant frequency of 180 Hz compared to a non-resonant frequency of 205 Hz for the steering wheel assembly.

[0049] [Figure 9] 2 is a flowchart of an exemplary process implemented by the controller in FIG. 1 to identify a resonant frequency.

[0050] [Figure 10] 2 is a flowchart of an example process implemented by the controller in FIG. 1 to identify a resonant frequency of a user interface (eg, a steering wheel). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0051] Generally described, one or more aspects of the disclosure relate to a calibration system for a steering wheel assembly. The steering wheel assembly may include one or more haptic motors designed to provide haptic feedback to a user when the user interacts with one or more pressure-sensitive components on the steering wheel assembly. The quality of reproduction provided by the haptic motors may vary significantly between steering wheel assemblies. The calibration system may optimize operating parameters for each haptic motor. In a particular embodiment, the calibration system determines a resonant frequency for a switch pack and a haptic motor. In a particular embodiment, the calibration system determines a resonant frequency for each haptic motor of the steering wheel assembly. In a particular embodiment, the steering wheel assembly includes two haptic motors, each associated with a subset of one or more pressure-sensitive components on the steering wheel assembly. The resonant frequency may be used to improve the quality of reproduction provided by each haptic motor.

[0052] In certain embodiments, the calibration system identifies operating parameters that improve the strength and / or quality of the haptic feedback. For example, in certain embodiments, each haptic motor is configured to play a waveform at a frequency that corresponds to or is related to a resonant frequency. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for one or more components of the steering wheel assembly. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for the entire steering wheel assembly. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for a portion of the steering wheel assembly (e.g., the left or right portion).

[0053] The resonant frequencies associated with reproduction by a haptic motor can vary significantly between steering wheel assemblies manufactured to the same specifications (e.g., size, shape, and composition). For example, testing of steering wheel assemblies designed with a yoke shape showed large variations in resonant frequencies between test units in the range of 120 Hz to 240 Hz for each haptic motor. In certain embodiments, to address these variations and provide consistent haptic reproduction, a calibration system determines operating parameters for each haptic motor based at least in part on the measured resonant frequencies associated with each haptic motor.

[0054] In certain embodiments, the calibration system employs existing sensors placed on the steering wheel assembly to determine each resonant frequency. In this manner, the calibration system does not employ external measurement equipment (e.g., attaching and then removing test equipment to the haptic motor). Using external measurement equipment to perform any type of calibration would slow down production and ultimately affect production yield. In addition, because the external measurement equipment must be removed before vehicle delivery, any changes in the resonant frequency over time due to wear, environment, warping, etc. of the steering wheel assembly would impair the reproduction of the haptic motor and the user's experience over time.

[0055] In certain embodiments, the calibration system employs one or more sensors (e.g., strain gauge force sensors) already positioned in the steering wheel assembly. For example, in certain embodiments, one or more sensors are already employed to detect a user pressing on one or more pressure-sensitive components. In certain embodiments, the operating parameters (e.g., gain) of the one or more pressure-sensitive components are adjusted to perform the calibration process. For example, in certain embodiments, the calibration system increases the gain of at least one first target sensor of the one or more sensors closest to the first haptic motor. The calibration process can be performed on the first haptic motor. In certain embodiments, the calibration system increases the gain of at least one target second sensor of the one or more sensors closest to the second haptic motor. The calibration process can be performed on the second haptic motor. The first target sensor can be different from the second target sensor. During the calibration process, at least one target sensor (e.g., the first or second sensor) can sense a playback of its associated haptic motor.

[0056] The calibration system can employ the methods disclosed herein to perform an algorithm (e.g., a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) on the profile sweep commanded to each haptic motor without employing external measurement equipment. Advantageously, the calibration process can be performed at any time during the manufacturing process and re-commanded at any time during the operation of the steering wheel assembly without employing external measurement equipment. For example, the calibration process can be applied automatically during the manufacturing process, eliminating the need for manual calibration. The calibration process can also be applied remotely or during operation if the user notices a degradation in the quality of the haptic sensation. This degradation can occur if the steering wheel assembly deforms (e.g., changes shape) over time and the resonant frequency changes. In certain embodiments including two or more haptic motors, each haptic motor can be calibrated to one another to provide consistent haptic feedback across the switch pack. The calibration process can also be applied remotely or during operation if the user notices a degradation in the quality of the haptic sensation.

[0057] The calibration process can reduce the burden on vehicle maintenance organizations. For example, if a user complains about weak haptic feedback, a maintenance team can remotely trigger a recalibration to address the issue. Thus, the present disclosure can not only solve manufacturing challenges, but also reduce the burden on vehicle maintenance organizations.

[0058] 1 is a block diagram of a system 10 that also provides haptic calibration, the system 10 including a controller 16 and a steering wheel assembly 22 for a vehicle 24. The system 10 includes one or more haptic motors 12. For example, in a particular embodiment, the system 10 includes two haptic motors 12.

[0059] The system 10 can be incorporated into a variety of vehicles 24, such as a car, truck, sport utility vehicle, or van. In various embodiments, the vehicle 24 is an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. For example, Figure 2 is an exemplary diagram of a passenger vehicle including the system 10 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is an interior view of the vehicle 24 of Figure 2, showing the steering wheel assembly 22 in a yoke-shaped configuration.

[0060] 1-3 , the system 10 may include one or more controllers 16 and a steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the controller 16 is located on the steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the controller 16 is located on the vehicle 24. In certain embodiments including multiple controllers 16, each controller 16 may be associated with one haptic motor 12.

[0061] In certain embodiments, the controller 16 is configured to control the haptic motors 12 during a calibration process (e.g., the second mode of operation). In certain embodiments, the controller 16 is configured to control the haptic motors 12, e.g., command operational parameters, during operation of the vehicle 24 by a user (e.g., the first mode of operation) as well as during the calibration process (e.g., the second mode of operation). In certain embodiments, the calibration process is performed in preparation for delivery of the vehicle 24 to a user. In certain embodiments, the calibration process for one or more of the haptic motors 12 is repeated one or more times after delivery of the vehicle 24 to a user.

[0062] In certain embodiments during operation of the vehicle 24 (e.g., a first mode of operation), the controller 16 receives an electrical signal from one or more pressure- or proximity-sensitive components (e.g., sensors 14). In certain embodiments, the controller 16 determines a user input based on the received electrical signal. In certain embodiments during operation of the vehicle 24, the controller 16 instructs the haptic motor 12 to play a waveform in response to receiving a signal from one or more pressure- or proximity-sensitive components (e.g., sensors 14) that are contacted by a user. In certain embodiments, the waveform is played at a frequency selected based at least in part on a resonant frequency of one or more components or portions of the steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for a portion of the steering wheel assembly in the area of ​​the haptic motor 12. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for the entire steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the signal is in response to a user bringing, for example, a finger into proximity with or into contact with one or more pressure- or proximity-sensitive components (e.g., sensors 14).

[0063] In certain embodiments during operation of the vehicle 24 (e.g., a first mode of operation), the controller 16 generates an output signal based on electrical signals received from one or more pressure- or proximity-sensitive components (e.g., sensors 14). The output signal is embodied as a control signal to change the setting of one or more systems of the vehicle 24. For example, the output signal may result in a change in the setting of a left or right turn signal of the vehicle 24, a high or low beam headlight of the vehicle 24, window wipers of the vehicle 24, voice recognition, an air conditioning unit of the vehicle 24, a lighting system of the vehicle 24, a music system of the vehicle 24, and / or a change in the setting of a driver assistance mode or an autonomous driving mode.

[0064] The output signal may be sent directly to a control unit of the vehicle 24 or to individual systems of the vehicle 24. Additionally, the output signal may also be sent to a display unit 28 (FIG. 3). The display unit 28 may be present on the steering wheel assembly 22 or anywhere in the cabin of the vehicle 24 where a user is seated. In certain embodiments, the display unit 28 may include a tablet or smartphone. The display unit 28 may provide notifications to the user regarding changes to vehicle system settings or selections made by the user. The output signal may also be sent to other remote devices connected to the vehicle 24. For example, a tablet or smartphone may be connected to the vehicle 24 through a short-range communication technology, such as Bluetooth technology.

[0065] In certain embodiments, during operation of the vehicle 24 (e.g., a first mode of operation), as well as during a calibration process (e.g., a second mode of operation), the controller 16 generates a set of output signals that are sent to the haptic motor 12. Such output signals include commands for the haptic motor 12 to provide haptic reproduction 20. During operation of the vehicle 24 by a user (e.g., a first mode of operation), the haptic reproduction 20 is provided to the user through the steering wheel assembly 22. Specifically, the haptic motor 12 provides haptic feedback to the user indicative of selections made by the user.

[0066] In certain embodiments, the controller 16 can be trained so that it adopts a profile or preferences. The profile or preferences and the haptic feedback 20 can be stored in the memory 18 as a user profile. The memory 18 can also store a mapping of inputs to functions and a mapping of haptic feedback to functions.

[0067] In certain embodiments, during a calibration process (e.g., a second mode of operation), the haptic motor 12 provides haptic feedback 20 that is sensed by the at least one target sensor 14. For example, in certain embodiments, the controller 16 controls the at least one target sensor 14, e.g., commanding operating parameters. In preparation for sensing the haptic feedback 20, the controller 16, in certain embodiments, may adjust one or more operating parameters (e.g., gain) of the target sensor 14 to perform the calibration process. For example, in certain embodiments, the controller 16 commands an increase in the gain of the target sensor 14. For example, the gain may be set to sample at 1 kHz.

[0068] In certain embodiments, the target sensor 14 is physically closest to the tactile motor 12 than one or more other sensors 14. In certain embodiments including multiple tactile motors 12, each target sensor 14 may be physically closest to its associated tactile motor 12. In this manner, the target sensor 14 is more likely to sense the playback 20 of the tactile motor 12 compared to sensors 14 that are further away from the tactile motor 12. Although the tactile playback 20 in FIG. 1 is shown as following a path toward the target sensor 14, the playback 20 may be omnidirectional.

[0069] In certain embodiments, the controller 16 utilizes the sensed haptic feedback 20 during the second mode of operation to improve the haptic feedback of the haptic motor 12 during the first mode of operation. For example, in certain embodiments, the target sensor 14 provides data or information related to the sensed haptic feedback 20 to a calibration system. In certain embodiments, the calibration system may employ methods disclosed herein to perform an algorithm (e.g., a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) on the profile sweep commanded to the haptic motor 12 during the second mode of operation. In certain embodiments, the controller 16 calibrates the haptic motor 12. For example, in certain embodiments, the controller 16 determines a resonant frequency of the steering wheel assembly 22, which is then utilized during the first mode of operation.

[0070] In certain embodiments, the calibration system compares the haptic feedback 20 to one or more lookup tables and / or data within one or more predefined parameters to at least partially calibrate the haptic motor 12. For example, in certain embodiments, the controller 16 may utilize logic control in the form of a lookup table to map information from the sensors 14 to an operating parameter (e.g., frequency) of the haptic motor 12. In some embodiments, the lookup table may map individual sensor 14 values ​​to determine an operating parameter (e.g., frequency) of the haptic motor 12. In other embodiments, the lookup table may combine individual sensor 14 values ​​measured during a second operating mode to determine an operating parameter (e.g., frequency) of the haptic motor 12 during a first operating mode. The sensor 14 values ​​may be specified as absolute values, ranges of values, binary representations (e.g., on or off), or non-numeric categories (e.g., high, medium, or low) mapped to a lookup table. Further, the lookup table can incorporate weighting values ​​so that the values ​​of the sensors 14 can have a greater influence or the influence of particular input information is ordered to affect the determined operating parameters (e.g., frequency) of the haptic motor 12 to be used during the first operating mode.

[0071] In certain embodiments, the lookup table utilized by the controller 16 may be specifically configured for an individual vehicle 24. Alternatively, the lookup table may be common to a set of vehicles 24, by vehicle type, geographic location, type of user, etc. The lookup table may be statically configured by the controller 16 and updated periodically. In other embodiments, the lookup table may be dynamic, and the frequency of updates may be facilitated via communication capabilities associated with the vehicles 24.

[0072] In certain embodiments, the lookup table may be configured with a programmatic implementation. Such a programmatic implementation may be in the form of mapping logic, a sequence of decision trees, or similar logic. In other embodiments, the controller 16 may incorporate machine learning implementations that may require sophisticated operation of the haptic motor 12.

[0073] In certain embodiments, the controller 16 provides signals corresponding to the determined operating parameters (e.g., frequency) of the haptic motor 12 in the form of an operating profile for use during the first operating mode. In certain embodiments, the operating profile is customized for a particular haptic motor 12 and switch pack 32.

[0074] Although the controller 16 is shown as a separate component within the system 10, in certain embodiments the controller 16 may be integrated into another component (e.g., the haptic motor 12, the sensor 14, the vehicle 24, etc.) or vice versa. The controller 16 may embody a single microprocessor or multiple microprocessors. Many commercially available microprocessors can be configured to perform the functions of the controller 16. The controller 16 may include all components necessary to execute an application, such as, for example, a memory 18, a secondary storage device, and a processor, such as a central processing unit. Various other known circuits may be associated with the controller 16, including power circuits, signal conditioning circuits, communication circuits, and other suitable circuits.

[0075] 4 is a plan view of the steering wheel assembly 22. The steering wheel assembly 22 enables a user to steer the vehicle 24. The steering wheel assembly 22 includes a steering rim 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the steering rim 30 is generally rectangular in shape. Of course, the steering rim 30 could have any other shape, including circular.

[0076] The switch pack 32 is connected to the steering rim 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the switch pack 32 includes a central portion 34. In the illustrated embodiment, the switch pack 32 includes a first portion 36 extending horizontally from a left side of the central portion 34, a second portion 38 extending horizontally from a right side of the central portion 34, and a third portion 40 extending vertically from an underside of the central portion 34.

[0077] In certain embodiments, a central portion 34 of the switch pack 32 is used to house the airbag module 26 ( FIG. 3 ). The airbag module 26 may be disposed within the central portion 34 of the switch pack 32, which is then assembled with the steering rim 30 to form the steering wheel assembly 22. The airbag module 26 is removed from the switch pack 32 shown in FIG. 4 for clarity. In certain embodiments, the switch pack 32 includes one or more scroll wheels 42 or other mechanical switches for changing or updating vehicle functions.

[0078] FIG. 5 is a view of the left first portion 36 of the switch pack 32 in FIG. 4 , and shows a schematic of one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C and a haptic motor 12 located within the switch pack 32. The one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C are disposed within the switch pack 32. In the illustrated embodiment, the one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C are disposed in the first portion 36 of the steering wheel assembly 32. In certain embodiments, the one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C may include a printed circuit board (PCB) connected to a connection bus. Additionally, other sensors 14 and haptic motors 12 may be disposed in the second portion 38 and / or third portion 40 of the switch pack 32. For example, in certain embodiments, one or more additional sensors 14 (not shown) and a second haptic motor 12 (not shown) may be disposed in the right second portion 38 of the switch pack 32. In certain embodiments, the controller 16 is disposed in the third portion 40 of the switch pack 32. In an embodiment, the controller 16 may embody a printed circuit board (PCB). The controller 16 may be electrically connected to the PCB of the sensor 14 by a connection bus.

[0079] 5, a first portion 36 of the switch pack 32 includes a haptic motor 12 for providing haptic feedback 20. In a first operational mode, the controller 16 determines various user inputs provided by a user and output signals as control signals for changing settings of one or more systems of the vehicle 24. For example, the output signals may result in a change in settings of a left or right turn indicator of the vehicle 24, a high or low beam headlight of the vehicle 24, window wipers of the vehicle 24, voice recognition, an air conditioning unit of the vehicle 24, a lighting system of the vehicle 24, and / or a music system of the vehicle 24, or a change in settings of a driver assistance mode or an autonomous driving mode.

[0080] In certain embodiments, the user input includes a gesture performed by the user. In certain embodiments, one or more indicators (e.g., surface mounted light emitting diodes (LEDs)) and flex circuits are disposed on the switch pack 32 to guide the user to a contact location on the switch pack 32 that corresponds to a desired setting of one or more systems of the vehicle 24. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the first portion 36 of the switch pack 32 includes at least three predefined areas corresponding to one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C and may be easily accessed by the user's thumb or fingers without removing hands from the steering wheel assembly 22 while driving. The predefined areas may be present on one or more portions of the steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the predefined areas may be present on the second portion 38 of the switch pack 32 or on both the first portion 36 and the second portion 38 of the switch pack 32. In yet another embodiment, the predefined areas may be present on the third portion 40 of the switch pack 32.

[0081] In certain embodiments, by interacting with a given portion, a user can select, update, and / or navigate through a menu of controls. Additionally, based on user input and decisions made by the controller 16, the user may receive haptic feedback 20 of the selection made via the haptic motor 12. User interaction may be through gestures made directly on the given portion. Gestures may include a soft press, a hard press, a single press, a double press, a press and hold, or any other gesture or combination of gestures. In another example, multiple or complex gestures may be determined by the controller 16.

[0082] In certain embodiments, the one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C are activated only when a certain amount of force is applied to them. The one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C may be positioned to allow for determination of user input anywhere on the switch pack 32. In certain embodiments, the one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C are positioned vertically below a predetermined portion within the switch pack 32.

[0083] In certain embodiments, one or more of the sensors 14A, 14B, 14C may include a combination of capacitive or inductive sensors and force or pressure sensors. Resistive sensors may also be used to determine user inputs such as a long press. In yet other embodiments, one or more of the sensors 14A, 14B, 14C may include any one of at least one piezoelectric switch, piezoelectric sensor, and / or capacitance array.

[0084] The piezoelectric switch may be embodied as a commercially available electrical switch that operates on the piezoelectric effect. For example, the piezoelectric switch may include a piezoelectric element and an integrated semiconductor device. In certain embodiments, the one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C may include a plurality of piezoelectric switches disposed within the switch pack 32. In certain embodiments, the piezoelectric sensor may be disposed within the switch pack 32. The piezoelectric sensor may be disk-shaped. In other embodiments, the piezoelectric sensor may include any other shape. The piezoelectric sensor may be embodied as a commercially available piezoelectric sensor that includes a piezoelectric material configured to generate an electrical signal in response to an applied pressure.

[0085] A capacitance array may be printed on the film during manufacturing of the switch pack 32. The capacitance array may include a number of capacitance sensors arranged to allow for the determination of a user input. Such capacitance sensors may include any one of active capacitance sensors or passive capacitance sensors. The capacitance array senses the proximity of a user's finger. In certain embodiments, the capacitance array senses the user input through a gesture made directly at the predetermined portion and / or through a proximal interaction of the user's touch to the predetermined portion. For example, the capacitance array may sense the proximity of a user's finger to the capacitance array. Additionally, the capacitance array may sense various types of user inputs or gestures, such as, for example, right swipes, up and down slides, down swipes, clicks, long presses, etc., in certain embodiments.

[0086] In certain embodiments, one or more sensors 14A, 14B, 14C provide haptic feedback 20 to a user through the user's finger interacting with a predetermined portion. For example, when a user uses his or her thumb to interact with a predetermined portion on sensor 14A, haptic feedback 20 is provided to the user's thumb by haptic motor 12. The intensity and duration of the provided haptic feedback 20 may vary based on the nature or type of feedback for which sensor 14 is designed to provide a given function. For example, haptic feedback 20 may include short or long bursts of haptic feedback pulses, close or spaced apart bursts of haptic feedback pulses, or haptic feedback pulses of varying intensity.

[0087] In certain embodiments, the haptic feedback 20 provided by the haptic motors 12 may provide the user with information regarding the current settings of the system associated with the respective functions. Exemplary haptic feedback 20 may include slide vibration, release, click, hold vibration, touch vibration, graduated slide vibration, and / or release and single vibration. The functions and mapping of user inputs to control corresponding functions of the vehicle 24 are provided herein as examples.

[0088] In certain embodiments, the calibration system employs one or more of the sensors 14 (e.g., strain gauge force sensors) already disposed within the steering wheel assembly 22 during the second mode of operation. For example, in certain embodiments, one or more sensors 14 are already employed to detect when a user is pressing one or more pressure sensitive components at a predetermined portion.

[0089] During a calibration process (e.g., a second mode of operation), the haptic motor 12 provides haptic feedback 20 for sensing by at least one target sensor 14. For example, in certain embodiments, the controller 16 controls the target sensor 14, such as commanding operating parameters. In preparation for sensing the haptic feedback 20, the controller 16, in certain embodiments, may adjust one or more operating parameters (e.g., gain) of the target sensor 14 to perform the calibration process. For example, in certain embodiments, the controller 16 commands an increase in the gain of the target sensor 14. In certain embodiments, the target sensor 14A is physically closest to the haptic motor 12 than one or more other sensors 14.

[0090] In the illustrated embodiment, sensor 14A is a distance X away from haptic motor 12, sensor 14B is a distance Y away from haptic motor 12, and sensor 14C is a distance Z away from haptic motor 12. Distance Z is greater than distance Y which is greater than distance X. In the exemplary calibration process disclosed herein, sensor 14A is selected as the target sensor 14 because it is the closest sensor 14 to haptic motor 12. In this manner, target sensor 14A is more likely to sense the playback 20 of haptic motor 12 compared to sensors 14B, 14C which are further away from haptic motor 12. Of course, the calibration process does not necessarily employ only the closest sensor 14. In certain embodiments, the target sensor is not the closest sensor, but instead may be any sensor 14 that can sufficiently sense the haptic feedback 20 emanating from haptic motor 12. For example, in certain embodiments, sensor 14B is a target sensor that is not the closest sensor, but is close enough to haptic motor 12 to sense haptic feedback 20 emanating from haptic motor 12.

[0091] During the calibration process, the target sensor 14A senses the haptic reproductions 20 emitted by the haptic motor 12 disposed on the steering wheel assembly 22. The target sensor 14A provides data or information related to the sensed haptic reproductions 20 to a calibration system. In certain embodiments, the controller 16 calibrates the haptic motor 12. For example, in certain embodiments, the controller 16 determines a resonant frequency of the steering wheel assembly 22, which is then utilized during the first mode of operation.

[0092] In certain embodiments, the calibration system may employ methods disclosed herein to perform an algorithm (e.g., a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) on the profile sweep commanded to the haptic motor 12 without employing external measurement equipment. In certain embodiments, the calibration system compares the haptic feedback 20 to data in one or more lookup tables and / or one or more predefined parameters to at least partially calibrate the haptic motor 12.

[0093] Advantageously, the calibration process can be performed at any time during the manufacturing process and reordered at any time during the operation of the steering wheel assembly 22 without employing external measurement equipment. For example, the calibration process can be applied automatically during the manufacturing process, eliminating the need for manual calibration. For example, the calibration process can be applied during the initial fitting with a customer or at a logistics center. The calibration process can also be applied remotely or during operation if a user notices a degradation in the quality of the haptic sensation. This degradation can occur if the steering wheel assembly 22 deforms over time (e.g., changes shape) and the resonant frequency changes.

[0094] In certain embodiments, software data related to the calibration process may be updated from time to time. In certain embodiments, over-the-air (OTA) updates are used to add, reduce, modify, or initiate the calibration process. For example, an OTA update may initiate the calibration process after the vehicle 24 is delivered to a user. Depending on the results of the calibration process, the controller 16 may modify one or more characteristics (e.g., resonant frequency) of the haptic feedback 20. OTA updates open possibilities for adjusting the haptic feedback 20 and gesture inputs, including based on real-time user data after the vehicle 24 is delivered or based on driver feedback.

[0095] In certain embodiments, system 10 may output an indication of its level of calibration. For example, in certain embodiments, haptic motor 12 may be calibrated to a particular level of haptic feedback 20 (e.g., photohaptic or sports haptic) with an indication that a level of haptic feedback is available to be output by system 10. If a user identifies an issue / challenge with the level of haptic feedback 20 felt by the user, system 10 may perform a validation process to determine that the current level is the user's desired level.

[0096] 6 is a flow chart of an exemplary process performed by the controller 16 in FIG. 1 to calibrate the haptic motors 12. This process may be performed for each haptic motor 12. In a particular embodiment, the controller 16 determines test parameters for the calibration process and generates control signals corresponding to the test parameters. The process may be performed for a set of haptic motors 12 located on the vehicle 24.

[0097] Beginning at block 44, the controller 16 selects a starting or current frequency for the calibration process. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 16 selects 300 Hz. Of course, any other frequency is within the scope of this disclosure. At decision block 45, the controller 16 determines whether the starting or current frequency is below a lower threshold. An exemplary lower threshold is 120 Hz. Of course, any other frequency is within the scope of this disclosure. If the current or starting frequency is not below the lower threshold, the process proceeds to block 46, where the controller 16 commands the haptic motor 12 to play the haptic profile at the starting or current frequency.

[0098] Next, at block 47, the at least one target sensor 14 senses and records the tactile profile emitted by the tactile motor 12 at the start frequency or the current frequency. A sweep of the profile is commanded to the tactile motor 12. In a particular embodiment, the controller 16 commands an increase in the gain of the at least one target sensor 14 to increase the sensitivity of the at least one target sensor 14. In a particular embodiment, the target sensor 14 is physically closer to the tactile motor 12 than one or more other sensors 14. In a particular embodiment, the at least one target sensor 14 records 1,000 samples. In a particular embodiment, the at least one target sensor 14 records 512 samples. Of course, any number of samples is within the scope of this disclosure.

[0099] Proceeding to block 48, the controller 16 may perform an algorithm (e.g., a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) on the sensed profile sweep commanded by the haptic motor 12 without employing external measurement equipment. In a particular embodiment, the algorithm is an FFT. In this embodiment, the controller 16 performs an FFT on the samples sensed by the at least one sensor 14 to identify one or more of the most prominent frequencies measured by the at least one sensor 14.

[0100] Next, at decision block 50, the controller 16 determines a scalar of frequencies for each of the most prominent frequencies or frequencies and whether the resulting scalar is a best scalar or an improved scalar than the last best scalar. If the scalar is a best scalar or an improved scalar, the process proceeds to block 52 where the controller 16 records the scalar and the frequency associated with the scalar.

[0101] The process then proceeds to block 54 where the controller 16 decreases or changes the frequency. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller decreases the frequency by 5 Hz. Of course, any other value change for the frequency is within the scope of this disclosure.

[0102] Next, in decision block 45, the controller 16 determines whether the current frequency is below the lower threshold. If the current frequency is not below the lower threshold, the process proceeds from block 54 to block 46 as described above. If the current frequency is below the lower threshold, the process proceeds to block 56 where the best frequency recorded in block 52 is identified as the resonant frequency of the tested haptic motor 12.

[0103] Returning to decision block 50, if the scalar is not the best or improved scalar, the controller 16 does not record the scalar determined in decision block 50 and the frequency associated with the scalar, and the process proceeds directly to block 54. In certain embodiments, the controller 16 provides the determined operating parameters of the haptic motor 12 in the form of a motion profile.

[0104] The controller 16 sends information or control signals that allow the haptic motor 12 to operate at a resonant frequency. Customizing the operating frequency of the haptic motor 12 can enhance the user experience.

[0105] The process can then be repeated for the second haptic motor 12.

[0106] In embodiments for continuously updating the resonant frequency for each haptic motor 12, the process returns to block 44. Alternatively, the process can wait to begin the calibration process.

[0107] Figure 7 is a chart 60 of a calibration process performed by the method of Figure 6. Scalars of exemplary most prominent frequencies 62, optimal frequencies 64, and recommended frequencies 66 are each plotted on the chart 60.

[0108] FIG. 8 is two exemplary charts 70, 72 of Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) performed on samples at two different exemplary frequencies (180 Hz, 205 Hz) showing that the magnitude of haptic feedback increases at a resonant frequency of 180 Hz at 74 compared to a non-resonant frequency of 205 Hz at 76 for the steering wheel assembly 22.

[0109] 9 is a flow chart of an exemplary process implemented by the controller 16 in FIG. 1 to identify the resonant frequency of the switch pack 32. The process begins at block 90 and then proceeds to block 92, where the controller 16 commands the haptic motor 12 to emit a haptic profile at a first frequency during a first mode of operation.

[0110] Next, the at least one sensor 14 senses the tactile profile at the first frequency during the first mode of operation, at block 94. In certain embodiments, the at least one sensor 14 may be further adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to a force applied to the at least one sensor 14 by a user of the vehicle during the second mode of operation.

[0111] Proceeding to block 96, the controller 16 may identify a resonant frequency of the switch pack 32 based at least in part on the sensed tactile profile. In certain embodiments, the controller 16 performs an algorithm (e.g., a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) on the sensed profile sweep commanded to the haptic motor 12 without employing external measurement equipment. In certain embodiments, the algorithm is an FFT. In this embodiment, the controller 16 performs an FFT on the samples sensed by the at least one sensor 14 to identify one or more of the most prominent frequencies measured by the at least one sensor 14. In certain embodiments, the at least one sensor 14 provides tactile feedback during the second mode of operation based at least in part on the identified frequencies.

[0112] The process may proceed to block 98 and end, or return to block 99 and repeat blocks 92, 94, and 96 with the second frequency. When the process is repeated, the controller 16, in certain embodiments, may compare the tactile profiles of the first and second frequencies to identify the most prominent frequency.

[0113] In a particular embodiment, the controller 16 determines a scalar of the frequency for each one or more most prominent frequencies and whether the resulting scalar is a best scalar or an improved scalar than the last best scalar. If the scalar is a best scalar or an improved scalar, the controller 16 records the scalar and the frequency associated with the scalar. If the scalar is not a best scalar or an improved scalar, the process returns to 99 and blocks 92, 94, and 96 can be repeated for additional frequencies.

[0114] In certain embodiments during operation of the vehicle 24, the controller 16 commands the haptic motor 12 to play a waveform in response to receiving a signal from at least one sensor 14 that is contacted by a user. In certain embodiments, the waveform is played at a frequency selected based at least in part on a resonant frequency of one or more components or portions of the steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for a portion of the steering wheel assembly in the area of ​​the haptic motor 12. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for the entire steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the signal is in response to a user bringing, for example, a finger into proximity with or into contact with the at least one sensor 14.

[0115] 1 to identify a resonant frequency of a user interface (e.g., steering wheel 22). The process begins at block 100 and then proceeds to block 102. At block 102, the controller 16 commands the haptic motor 12 to emit a haptic profile at a frequency from a first position on the steering wheel 22.

[0116] Next, in block 104, the at least one sensor 14 senses a tactile profile of the first frequency at a second location on the steering wheel 22. In certain embodiments, the second location is separated from the first location by a distance X.

[0117] Proceeding to block 106, the controller 16 may identify a resonant frequency of the steering wheel 22 based at least in part on the sensed haptic profile. In certain embodiments, the controller 16 performs an algorithm (e.g., a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) on the sensed profile sweep commanded to the haptic motor 12 without employing external measurement equipment. In certain embodiments, the algorithm is an FFT. In this embodiment, the controller 16 performs an FFT on samples sensed by the at least one sensor 14 to identify one or more of the most prominent frequencies measured by the at least one sensor 14.

[0118] The process can proceed to block 108 and end, or return to 109 and repeat blocks 102, 104, and 106 with another frequency. If the process is repeated, the controller 16, in certain embodiments, can compare the tactile profiles of the frequencies to identify the most prominent frequency.

[0119] In a particular embodiment, the controller 16 determines a scalar of the frequency for each one or more most prominent frequencies and whether the resulting scalar is a best scalar or an improved scalar than the last best scalar. If the scalar is a best scalar or an improved scalar, the controller 16 records the scalar and the frequency associated with the scalar. If the scalar is not a best scalar or an improved scalar, the process returns to 109 where blocks 102, 104, and 106 can be repeated for additional frequencies.

[0120] In certain embodiments during operation of the vehicle 24, the controller 16 commands the haptic motor 12 to play a waveform in response to receiving a signal from at least one sensor 14 that is contacted by a user. In certain embodiments, the waveform is played at a frequency selected based at least in part on a resonant frequency of one or more components or portions of the steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for a portion of the steering wheel assembly in the area of ​​the haptic motor 12. In certain embodiments, the resonant frequency is for the entire steering wheel assembly 22. In certain embodiments, the signal is in response to a user bringing, for example, a finger into proximity with or into contact with the at least one sensor 14.

[0121] The foregoing disclosure is not intended to limit the disclosure to the exact form or particular field of use disclosed. Thus, various alternative embodiments and / or modifications to the disclosure, whether expressly described or implied herein, are contemplated in light of the disclosure. Having thus described embodiments of the disclosure, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is limited only by the scope of the claims.

[0122] In the above specification, the disclosure has been described with reference to certain embodiments. However, as those skilled in the art will appreciate, the various embodiments disclosed herein can be modified or embodied in various other ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Thus, this description should be considered as illustrative and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art how to make and use the various embodiments of the disclosed glove box actuation assembly. It should be understood that the forms of the disclosure shown and described herein should be construed as representative embodiments. Equivalent elements, materials, processes, or steps may be substituted for those typically shown and described herein. Furthermore, certain features of the disclosure may be utilized independently of the use of other features, as will become apparent to those skilled in the art after having the benefit of this description of the disclosure. The terms "including," "comprising," "containing," "comprising," "consisting," "having," "being," and the like, used to describe and claim the disclosure, are intended to be construed in a non-exclusive manner, i.e., allowing for the presence of items, components, or elements not expressly described. References to the singular should also be construed to relate to the plural.

[0123] Furthermore, the various embodiments disclosed herein should be construed in an exemplary and explanatory sense, and in no way should be construed as limiting the present disclosure. All joint references (e.g., attached, fastened, coupled, connected, etc.) are used only to aid the reader in understanding the present disclosure, and do not create any limitations with respect to the position, orientation, or use of the systems and / or methods disclosed herein in particular. Thus, any reference to a joint should be interpreted broadly. Furthermore, such a reference to a joint does not necessarily mean that two elements are directly connected to each other. Furthermore, without limitation, all numerical terms such as "first", "second", "third", "primary", "secondary", "main", or any other conventional and / or numerical terms should also be interpreted only as identifiers to aid the reader in understanding the various elements, embodiments, variations and / or modifications of the present disclosure, and in particular do not create any limitations with respect to the order or priority of any element, embodiment, variation and / or modification, or with respect to another element, embodiment, variation and / or modification.

[0124] It will also be understood that, as may be useful depending on the particular application, one or more of the elements shown in the drawings / figures may also be implemented in a separate or integrated manner, or may be removed or discarded as inoperative in a particular case.

Claims

1. 1. A switch pack for a vehicle, comprising: at least one sensor adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to a force applied to the at least one sensor by the user during a first mode of operation; a haptic motor configured to provide haptic feedback to the user in response to a force applied to the at least one sensor during the first mode of operation and to provide haptic feedback to the at least one sensor during a second mode of operation; Equipped with The at least one sensor is further configured to sense the haptic feedback provided by the haptic motor during the second mode of operation.

2. The switchpack of claim 1 , wherein the first mode of operation is during use of the vehicle and the second mode of operation is during a calibration process of the haptic motor.

3. 3. The switchpack of claim 2, further comprising a controller configured to identify a resonant frequency based at least in part on the tactile feedback sensed by the at least one sensor during the second mode of operation.

4. 4. The switchpack of claim 3, wherein the controller is further configured to vary the haptic feedback provided by the haptic motor during the first mode of operation based at least in part on the resonant frequency.

5. The switchpack of claim 1 , further comprising a controller configured to generate an output signal based on the electrical signal received from the at least one sensor.

6. The switch pack of claim 5 , wherein the output signal is a control signal for changing a setting on the vehicle.

7. The switch pack of claim 6 , wherein the control signal is configured to change a setting of a left or right turn signal of the vehicle.

8. The switch pack of claim 6 , wherein the control signal is configured to change a high beam or low beam headlamp setting of the vehicle.

9. The switch pack of claim 6 , wherein the control signal is configured to change a window wiper setting of the vehicle.

10. The switch pack of claim 6 , wherein the control signal is configured to change a setting of a driver assistance mode or an autonomous driving mode of the vehicle.

11. 1. A method of calibrating a switch pack for a vehicle, comprising: emitting a haptic profile at a first frequency during a first mode of operation; sensing a tactile profile of the first frequency with at least one sensor during the first mode of operation, the at least one sensor being further adapted to generate an electrical signal in response to a force applied to the at least one sensor by a user of the vehicle during a second mode of operation; identifying a resonant frequency of the switch pack based at least in part on the sensed tactile profile; A method comprising:

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising providing haptic feedback during the second mode of operation based at least in part on the resonant frequency.

13. The method of claim 11 or 12, further comprising the step of generating an output signal based on the electrical signal received from the at least one sensor.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the output signal is a control signal for changing a setting of the vehicle.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the control signal is configured to change a setting of a left or right turn indicator of the vehicle.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the control signal is configured to change a high beam or low beam headlamp setting of the vehicle.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the control signal is configured to change a setting of a window wiper of the vehicle.

18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the control signal is configured to change a setting of a driver assistance mode or an autonomous driving mode of the vehicle.

19. emitting a haptic profile at a second frequency during the first mode of operation, the second frequency being different from the first frequency; identifying a resonant frequency of the switch pack, sensing a tactile profile of the second frequency with the at least one sensor during the first mode of operation; and comparing the tactile profiles of the first and second frequencies.

20. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein comparing the tactile profiles comprises performing one or more Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) on the sensed samples.

21. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein comparing the tactile profiles comprises determining one or more scalars of frequency.

22. 1. A method for calibrating a steering wheel of a vehicle, comprising: emitting a haptic profile at a frequency from a first location on the steering wheel; sensing the emitted haptic profile at a second location on the steering wheel, the second location being spaced a distance X from the first location; identifying a resonant frequency of the steering wheel based at least in part on the sensed tactile profile; A method comprising:

23. emitting a haptic profile at a second frequency from the first location on the steering wheel; identifying a resonant frequency of the steering wheel, sensing the emitted haptic profile at the second frequency at the second location on the steering wheel; 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising the step of: comparing the tactile profiles of the first and second frequencies.

24. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the distance X is less than or equal to about 3 inches (7.62 centimeters).

25. 25. The method of any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the first position coincides with a position of a haptic motor.

26. 25. The method of any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the second position coincides with a position of a sensor, the sensor configured to generate an electrical signal in response to a force being applied to the sensor by a user.

27. 1. A user interface for a vehicle, comprising:

25. The method of claim 22, further comprising providing haptic feedback in response to a force applied to at least one sensor by a user of the vehicle, the haptic feedback being based at least in part on the resonant frequency.

28. at least one sensor adapted to sense a force applied to the at least one sensor during a first mode of operation; a haptic motor configured to provide haptic feedback in response to the force applied to the at least one sensor during the first mode of operation and to provide haptic feedback to the at least one sensor during a second mode of operation; Equipped with The user interface, wherein the at least one sensor is further configured to sense the haptic feedback provided by the haptic motor during the second mode of operation.

29. 30. The user interface of claim 28, wherein the first operational mode is while the user interface is in use.

30. 30. The user interface of claim 28, wherein the second mode of operation is during a calibration process of the haptic motor.

31. 30. The user interface of claim 28, wherein the user interface is a steering wheel.

32. 30. The user interface of claim 28, wherein the user interface is a switchpack.

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