Magnetic field adjustable motor and vehicle

Abstract

A magnetic field adjustable motor and a vehicle. The excitation ring assembly of the magnetic field adjustable motor includes an excitation ring and an excitation winding, the excitation ring has an outer ring wall and an inner ring wall, and the excitation winding is provided between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall. The excitation rotor of the magnetic field adjustable motor includes a rotor core and a plurality of first permanent magnets, and the rotor core is provided with a first magnetic pole fitting portion, a second magnetic pole fitting portion, and first magnetic pole forming regions and second magnetic pole forming regions that are alternately provided along the circumferential direction, and the first magnetic pole The fitting portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming region, the second magnetic pole fitting portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming region, the multiple first permanent magnets correspond to the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region, forming a first magnetic pole in the first magnetic pole forming region and forming a second magnetic pole in the second magnetic pole forming region, the outer ring wall corresponds to the first magnetic pole fitting portion and a second air gap is formed, and the inner ring wall corresponds to the second magnetic pole fitting portion and a third air gap is formed.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to vehicle technology, but is not limited thereto, and in particular to field tunable motors and vehicles. [Background technology]

[0002] Permanent magnet motors are increasingly being emphasized for their features such as high torque density, high efficiency, light weight and compact size, and are widely used in various fields. However, the air gap magnetic field of a permanent magnet motor (i.e., the magnetic field of the first air gap between the rotor and the stator) is supplied by permanent magnet steel, is almost constant and difficult to adjust, which limits the further development and application of permanent magnet motors. For this reason, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted extensive and detailed research on motors with adjustable air gap magnetic field.

[0003] In recent years, scholars have successively proposed various new structures of magnetic field adjustable motors, such as split magnetic pole type, combined rotor, independent magnetic circuit type, and doubly salient pole type, and have conducted a large amount of in-depth research on the motor structure, working principle, and magnetic circuit characteristics.

[0004] The adjustable magnetic field motor can provide higher output torque when large torque is required at low speed because the air gap magnetic field is adjustable, and is efficient in the high-speed operating range because the permanent magnet motor can omit weak magnet current when adjusting the magnetic field. At the same time, the adjustable magnetic field motor can also realize constant power operation within a wider speed range. In particular, it is suitable for cases such as constant power, wide speed regulation drive and constant voltage power generation, and is expected to have broad prospects in the fields of aerospace, wind power generation, electric vehicles, etc.

[0005] Therefore, how to achieve the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operating range of the magnetic field adjustable motor is also a technical problem that has been tackled by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The following is a summary of the topics detailed in this disclosure, which is not meant to limit the scope of protection of the claims. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A magnetic field adjustable motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, an excitation rotor, and an excitation ring assembly, the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the excitation rotor, and the excitation ring assembly are all located within the housing, the permanent magnet rotor is disposed radially inside the stator, and a first air gap is formed between the permanent magnet rotor and the stator, the excitation ring assembly is disposed on an end wall of the housing, the excitation rotor is disposed between the excitation ring assembly and the permanent magnet rotor, the excitation ring assembly includes an excitation ring and an excitation winding, the excitation ring has an outer annular wall and an inner annular wall, the excitation winding is disposed between the outer annular wall and the inner annular wall, and the excitation rotor rotates. The rotor core includes a rotor core and a plurality of first permanent magnets, the rotor core is provided with a first magnetic pole fitting portion, a second magnetic pole fitting portion, and a first magnetic pole forming region and a second magnetic pole forming region that are arranged alternately along a circumferential direction, the first magnetic pole fitting portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming region, the second magnetic pole fitting portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming region, the plurality of first permanent magnets correspond to the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region, and are provided on the rotor core to form a first magnetic pole in the first magnetic pole forming region and a second magnetic pole in the second magnetic pole forming region, the outer ring wall corresponds to the first magnetic pole fitting portion, a second air gap is formed, and the inner ring wall corresponds to the second magnetic pole fitting portion, and a third air gap is formed.

[0008] In one exemplary embodiment, the outer annular wall is located radially inward of the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the second air gap is located between a radially outer surface of the outer annular wall and a radially inner surface of the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the inner annular wall is located radially inward of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the third air gap is located between a radially outer surface of the inner annular wall and a radially inner surface of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the first permanent magnet includes a tangential type permanent magnet steel, and the tangential type permanent magnet steel is provided between the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region.

[0009] In one exemplary embodiment, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are both located on a side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the inner annular wall protrudes toward the rotor core relative to the outer annular wall, the first magnetic pole fitting portion is provided on an end face of the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole fitting portion is provided on a radially inner surface of the second magnetic pole forming region.

[0010] In one exemplary embodiment, the outer ring wall and the first magnetic pole fitting portion face each other in the axial direction of the housing, the second air gap is located between an end face of the outer ring wall and an end face of the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the inner ring wall and the second magnetic pole fitting portion face each other in the axial direction of the housing, the third air gap is located between an end face of the inner ring wall and an end face of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the first permanent magnet includes a first radial type permanent magnet steel, and in the circumferential direction of the housing, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are located inside an area surrounded by a plurality of the first radial type permanent magnet steels so as to correspond to each other.

[0011] In one exemplary embodiment, a magnetic blocking structure is provided radially inward of the first magnetic pole forming region, and a supermagnetic structure is provided radially inward of the second magnetic pole forming region.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are both located on a side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the first magnetic pole fitting portion is provided on an end face of the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole fitting portion is provided on a side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly and is located radially inward of the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region.

[0013] In one exemplary embodiment, an end face of the first magnetic pole fitting portion may or may not be flush with an end face of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, and an end face of the inner annular wall may or may not be flush with an end face of the outer annular wall.

[0014] In one exemplary embodiment, the first pole mating portion includes a first pole protrusion and the second pole mating portion includes a second pole protrusion.

[0015] In one exemplary embodiment, the permanent magnet rotor comprises a permanent magnet rotor core and a second permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet is disposed in the permanent magnet rotor core, and the second permanent magnet is a second radial type permanent magnet steel, and a magnetic shielding structure is provided at both the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole positions at the radial inner end of the second radial type permanent magnet steel.

[0016] In one exemplary embodiment, there are two of the excitation ring assemblies and the excitation rotors, the permanent magnet rotor is located between the two excitation rotors, and the two excitation rotors are located between the two excitation ring assemblies.

[0017] A vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a field adjustable motor according to any of the above embodiments.

[0018] Additional features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will be obvious from the description, or will be learned by the practice of the present application. Other advantages of the present application will be realized or obtained by the aspects set forth in the description and drawings.

[0019] Other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the drawings and detailed description. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic field adjustable motor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the permanent magnet rotor of FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the excitation rotor of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the excitation ring assembly of FIG. 1. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an excitation rotor in the direction of main magnetic flux flow. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram showing the flow direction of leakage magnetic flux of an exciting rotor. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a permanent magnet rotor in the direction of main magnetic flux flow. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an exciting rotor in the direction of magnetizing magnetic flux flow. [Figure 9] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an exciting rotor in the direction of flow of demagnetizing magnetic flux. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a magnetic field adjustable motor according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the excitation rotor of FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the excitation ring assembly of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] Although the present application has described several embodiments, the description is illustrative rather than restrictive, in order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0022] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , the magnetic field adjustable motor according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor 300, an excitation rotor 400, and an excitation ring assembly 500, in which the stator, the permanent magnet rotor 300, the excitation rotor 400, and the excitation ring assembly 500 are all located within the housing, the permanent magnet rotor 300 is disposed radially inside the stator, and a first air gap 610 is formed between the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the stator, the excitation ring assembly 500 is disposed on an end wall of the housing, the excitation rotor 400 is disposed between the excitation ring assembly 500 and the permanent magnet rotor 300, the excitation ring assembly 500 includes an excitation ring 510 and an excitation winding 520, the excitation ring 510 has an outer annular wall 511 and an inner annular wall 512, and the excitation winding 520 is disposed between the outer annular wall 511 and the inner annular wall 512, and the excitation The rotor 400 includes a rotor core 410 and a plurality of first permanent magnets. The rotor core 410 is provided with a first magnetic pole fitting portion, a second magnetic pole fitting portion, and first and second magnetic pole forming regions that are alternately provided along the circumferential direction. The first magnetic pole fitting portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole fitting portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming region. The plurality of first permanent magnets are provided with a first magnetic pole forming region and a second magnetic pole forming region. The rotor core 410 is provided with an outer ring wall 511 corresponding to the first magnetic pole forming region, a first magnetic pole is formed in the first magnetic pole forming region, and a second magnetic pole is formed in the second magnetic pole forming region. The outer ring wall 511 corresponds to the first magnetic pole fitting portion and has a second air gap 620 between the outer ring wall 511 and the first magnetic pole fitting portion. The inner ring wall 512 corresponds to the second magnetic pole fitting portion and a third air gap 630 is formed between the inner ring wall 512 and the second magnetic pole fitting portion.

[0023] In this magnetic field adjustable motor, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet of the excitation rotor 400 and the permanent magnet rotor 300 generates an auxiliary adjusting magnetic field through the current of the excitation winding 520 of the excitation ring assembly 500, and determines magnetization and demagnetization according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding 520 (i.e., the magnitude and direction of the adjusting magnetic field), thereby realizing the adjustment and control of the main magnetic field, and achieving the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and a wide constant power operating range.

[0024] In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1, 3 and 4, the outer annular wall 511 is located radially inside the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the second air gap 620 is located between the radially outer surface of the outer annular wall 511 and the radially inner surface of the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the inner annular wall 512 is located radially inside the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the third air gap 630 is located between the radially outer surface of the inner annular wall 512 and the radially inner surface of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the first permanent magnet is a tangential type permanent magnet steel 420, and the tangential type permanent magnet steel 420 is provided between the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region. Both the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are radial air gaps. In the circumferential direction of the housing, one end of the first permanent magnet is a first magnetic pole, and the other end is a second magnetic pole, and two tangential type permanent magnet steels 420 adjacent in the circumferential direction are arranged so that the N pole faces the N pole and the S pole faces the S pole, that is, the permanent magnet polarity on both sides of each magnetic pole is the same. The circumferential direction, the axial direction, and the radial direction are all referred to as the housing.

[0025] In one example, as shown in FIG. 3 , the first magnetic pole forming region is a first boss 411, the second magnetic pole forming region is a second boss 412, the first boss 411 and the second boss 412 are both located on the side of the rotor core 410 facing the excitation ring assembly 500, the inner ring wall 512 protrudes toward the rotor core 410 relative to the outer ring wall 511, the first magnetic pole fitting portion is a first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the second magnetic pole fitting portion is a second magnetic pole convex portion 414, the first magnetic pole convex portion 413 is provided on the end face of the first boss 411, and the second magnetic pole convex portion 414 is provided on the radially inner surface of the second boss 412. The first boss 411 and the second boss 412 can be made by pressing a soft magnetic composite material, by processing a magnetically permeable material such as No. 10 steel, by laminating silicon steel sheets, or by combining and laminating the above materials, all of which are easy to manufacture and low cost. The rotor core 410 can be made by laminating No. 10 steel and silicon steel sheets, and can be connected to form a conductive 3D axial magnetic circuit and a 2D axial magnetic circuit, making full use of the lamination of silicon steel sheets to eliminate eddy current effects.

[0026] In one example, as shown in FIG. 1, there are two excitation ring assemblies 500 and two excitation rotors 400, the permanent magnet rotor 300 is located between the two excitation rotors 400, and the two excitation rotors 400 are located between the two excitation ring assemblies 500. In this way, an auxiliary adjusting magnetic field can be generated by the current of the excitation winding 520, and the magnetization and demagnetization are determined according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding 520, thereby realizing the adjustment and control of the main magnetic field, and achieving the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operating range.

[0027] In one example, as shown in Figure 2, the permanent magnet rotor 300 includes a permanent magnet rotor core 310 and a plurality of second permanent magnets, the plurality of second permanent magnets are sequentially arranged on the permanent magnet rotor core 310 along the circumferential direction, and the second permanent magnets are second radial permanent magnet steels 320, the magnetic poles of the radial outer ends of the adjacent second radial permanent magnet steels 320 are different, and the magnetic poles of the radial inner ends of the second radial permanent magnet steels 320 are different, and the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole positions of the radial inner ends of the second radial permanent magnet steels 320 are both provided with magnetic shielding structures 640, which may be configured as magnetic shielding grooves. The second radial permanent magnet steels 320 may be configured as V-shaped permanent magnet steels, double V-shaped permanent magnet steels, or U-shaped permanent magnet steels, etc., and the permanent magnet rotor core 310 is manufactured by pressing and laminating silicon steel sheets. The permanent magnet rotor 300 may adopt a double V-shaped permanent magnet steel structure, thus making full use of the reluctance torque.

[0028] The main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet of the excitation rotor 400 and the second permanent magnet of the permanent magnet rotor 300 generates an auxiliary adjusting magnetic field through the current of the excitation winding 520 of the excitation ring assembly 500, and determines magnetization and demagnetization according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding 520 (i.e., the magnitude and direction of the adjusting magnetic field), thereby realizing the adjustment and control of the main magnetic field, and achieving the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operating range.

[0029] 1, the housing includes an assembled case 110, a first end cover 120, and a second end cover 130. The stator includes a stator core 210 and a first end winding 220, a stator winding 230, and a second end winding 240 provided on the stator core 210. The permanent magnet rotor 300 and the excitation rotor 400 are both provided on a rotating shaft 710, and a bearing 720 and a wave spring 730 are provided between the rotating shaft 710 and the first end cover 120 and between the rotating shaft 710 and the second end cover 130.

[0030] The excitation ring assembly 500 fully utilizes the space on both ends of the stator winding 230 in the housing, and the manufactured magnetic field adjustable motor structure is compact, which effectively improves the space utilization rate of the magnetic field adjustable motor, realizes more output with the smallest volume, and helps to improve the power density and torque density of the magnetic field adjustable motor. In addition, the excitation winding 520 is fixed to the excitation ring 510, and the two excitation rings 510 are fixed correspondingly to the first end cover 120 and the second end cover 130, and no brush or slip ring is required, which improves the reliability of the magnetic field adjustable motor. In addition, the rotor core 410 and the excitation ring 510 can be manufactured using different materials and processes. For example, the rotor core 410 is made by laminating silicon steel sheets, which have low iron loss at low frequencies, and the excitation ring 510 is made by directly pressing soft magnetic composite materials, which has a simple, convenient and low-cost manufacturing method, and the soft magnetic composite materials have low iron loss at high frequencies, which is helpful in balancing and improving efficiency across the entire rotation speed range.

[0031] Hereinafter, a detailed explanation will be given using an example in which "the first magnetic pole is an N pole and the second magnetic pole is an S pole." Even if the first magnetic pole is an S pole and the second magnetic pole is an N pole, the object of the present application can be achieved, and the gist of this is within the scope of protection of the present application without departing from the design concept of the present disclosure and without further explanation.

[0032] When no current is applied to the excitation winding 520, a portion of the permanent magnetic flux generated by the tangential permanent magnet steel 420 on the excitation rotor 400 passes from one side (N pole) through the first boss 411, and as shown in FIG. 5, passes through the first air gap 610, the stator teeth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator teeth, and the first air gap 610 to reach the adjacent second boss 412, and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet steel 420, forming a closed magnetic circuit loop. The other part of the permanent magnetic flux generated by the tangential type permanent magnet steel 420 passes through the first boss 411 from one side (N pole), and the magnetic flux path passes through the first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the second air gap 620, the outer ring wall 511, the inner ring wall 512, the third air gap 630, and the second magnetic pole convex portion 414, as shown in Figure 6, before reaching the second boss 412, and then reaching the other side (S pole) of the tangential type permanent magnet steel 420, forming a closed magnetic circuit loop.

[0033] When the excitation winding 520 is not energized, the magnetic flux generated by the second radial type permanent magnet steel 320 on the permanent magnet rotor 300 flows from the first magnetic pole 321 at the radially outer end of the second radial type permanent magnet steel 320 through the first air gap 610, the stator teeth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator teeth, and the first air gap 610, as shown in FIG. 7, to the second magnetic pole 322 at the radially outer end of the adjacent second radial type permanent magnet steel 320, and then , passing through the rotor yoke portion of the permanent magnet rotor 300 to form a closed magnetic circuit loop, and the other portion passes through the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the second air gap 620, the outer annular wall 511, the inner annular wall 512, the third air gap 630, and the second magnetic pole convex portion 414 to reach the second boss 412, and then passes through the second magnetic pole at the radially inner end of the second radial type permanent magnet steel 320 and the rotor yoke portion of the permanent magnet rotor 300 to form a closed magnetic circuit loop (not shown).

[0034] The magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 is a leakage magnetic flux, so the magnetic flux path passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 is a leakage magnetic flux path. The magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is involved in external energy conversion and outputs torque to the outside, while the magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 (i.e., leakage magnetic flux) is not involved in external energy conversion and does not output torque to the outside. Here, if necessary, the setting is adjusted so that both the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are smaller than the first air gap 610, and based on the principle of minimum reluctance, most of the permanent magnetic flux is closed through the leakage magnetic flux path. Alternatively, if necessary, the setting is adjusted so that the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are larger than the first air gap 610, and those skilled in the art can set it reasonably as needed. The flux adjustable motor can provide a normally open leakage flux path through which the permanent magnetic flux generated by the tangential type permanent magnet steel 420 of the excitation rotor 400 and the permanent magnetic flux generated by the second radial type permanent magnet steel 320 of the permanent magnet rotor 300 leak.

[0035] When the excitation winding 520 is energized in the forward direction to form a first magnetic pole on the outer ring wall 511, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current of the excitation winding 520 suppresses the leakage flux path, which is equivalent to controlling and adjusting the size of the opening of the normally open leakage flux path. When the excitation current is large, this leakage flux path is closed. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the outer ring wall 511, the second air gap 620, the first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the first boss 411, the first air gap 610, the stator teeth portion, the stator yoke portion, the adjacent stator teeth portion, the first air gap 610, the second boss 412, the second magnetic pole convex portion 414, the third air gap 630, and the inner ring wall 512, and reaches the outer ring wall 511, forming a closed magnetic circuit loop. At this time, in the case of the first air gap 610, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current is similar to the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnetic flux generated by the tangential type permanent magnet steel 420 in the excitation rotor 400, which is the magnetization effect, which greatly improves the torque output, especially suitable for the low speed operation mode.

[0036] When current is passed through the excitation winding 520 in the opposite direction to form a second magnetic pole on the outer ring wall 511, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current widens and expands the leakage flux path, the opening of the leakage flux path becomes larger, and more permanent magnetic flux forms a closed magnetic circuit loop through the leakage flux path. Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 9, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the inner ring wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole convex portion 414, the second boss 412, the first air gap 610, the stator teeth portion, the stator yoke portion, the adjacent stator teeth portion, the first air gap 610, the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the second air gap 620, and the outer ring wall 511, and reaches the inner ring wall 512, thereby forming a closed magnetic circuit loop. At this time, in the case of the first air gap 610, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current (generated by the excitation winding) is opposite to the direction of the permanent magnetic field generated by the permanent magnetic flux (generated by the tangential permanent magnet steel) in the excitation rotor 400, which has a demagnetizing effect, which further reduces the main magnetic flux (i.e., the permanent magnetic flux) passing through the first air gap 610, and realizes further adjustment of the magnetic field of the first air gap 610, which is especially suitable for the ultra-high speed operation mode.

[0037] The magnetic field adjustable motor realizes the opening, cutting and opening size adjustment of the leakage flux path by passing current through the excitation winding 520 of the excitation ring assembly 500, and indirectly realizes the adjustment of the magnetic field of the first air gap 610. When a large torque output is required at low speed, the excitation current is a positive current, and the excitation current provides magnetization to increase the magnetic field strength of the first air gap 610, and further improve the output torque. When the excitation current is zero at high speed, the leakage flux path is normally opened as required. At this time, the permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the permanent magnetic flux of the excitation rotor 400 leak through the leakage magnetic flux path, reducing the magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610. When the input current is not required, the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is weakened, and the weakening of the permanent magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is completed without external input, and the operation efficiency of the motor is improved. 4. The efficiency (i.e., when the excitation current is zero, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor 400 pass through the leakage flux path, thereby realizing the division of the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610, indirectly realizing the weakening of the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610, realizing the magnetic weakening under the condition that the current of the excitation winding 520 is zero, which is helpful in improving the operating efficiency in the high speed range); when the rotation speed is further increased, the excitation current is a current in the reverse direction, and the excitation current provides demagnetization, weakens the magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610, realizing the magnetic weakening, greatly improving the operating range of the motor, and realizing constant power operation within a wide speed control range.

[0038] The magnetic field adjustable motor realizes the adjustment of the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 by adjusting the magnitude of the leakage magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630. When a large torque is required at low speed, the excitation current provides magnetization, so that the main magnetic flux in the first air gap 610 increases, and a large torque output is realized at low speed; when the excitation current is zero and the leakage magnetic flux path is open, and when there is no external input, the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is weakened; when the excitation current of the excitation winding 520 provides a magnetic flux in the opposite direction, so that the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is weakened at very high speed, which greatly improves the operating speed range of the motor and realizes constant power operation within a wide speed control range.

[0039] In some other illustrative embodiments, as shown in Figures 10 to 12, the outer ring wall 511 and the first magnetic pole fitting portion face each other in the axial direction of the housing, the second air gap 620 is located between the end face of the outer ring wall 511 and the end face of the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the inner ring wall 512 and the second magnetic pole fitting portion face each other in the axial direction of the housing, the third air gap 630 is located between the end face of the inner ring wall 512 and the end face of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the first permanent magnet is a first radial type permanent magnet steel 430, and in the circumferential direction of the housing, the first magnetic pole forming region is located inside the region surrounded by a plurality of first radial type permanent magnet steels 430 corresponding to the second magnetic pole forming regions respectively. A magnetic shielding structure 640 is provided radially inside the first magnetic pole forming region, and a super-magnetic structure 650 is provided radially inside the second magnetic pole forming region, and the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are both axial air gaps. The magnetic poles of the radially outer ends of the adjacent first radial type permanent magnet steels 430 are different, and the magnetic poles of the radially inner ends are different. The second magnetic pole protrusion 414 is provided on the side of the rotor core 410 facing the excitation ring assembly 500, and is located radially inside the first boss 411 and the second boss 412. The second magnetic pole protrusion 414 is installed as a ring-shaped boss.

[0040] In the magnetic field adjustable motor according to this embodiment, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet and the second radial-type permanent magnet steel 320 can generate an auxiliary adjusting magnetic field through the current of the excitation winding 520 of the excitation ring assembly 500, and the magnetization and demagnetization are determined according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding 520, thereby realizing the adjustment and control of the main magnetic field, and also achieving the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operating range.

[0041] In one example, as shown in FIG. 11 , a magnetic blocking structure 640 is provided at the position of a first magnetic pole at the radial inner end of the first radial-type permanent magnet steel 430, and a super-magnetic structure 650 (i.e., no magnetic blocking structure is provided) is provided at the position of a second magnetic pole at the radial inner end of the first radial-type permanent magnet steel 430, the magnetic blocking structure 640 may be installed as a magnetic blocking groove, and the first radial-type permanent magnet steel 430 may be installed as a V-type permanent magnet steel.

[0042] In one example, the end face of the first magnetic pole protrusion 413 may or may not be flush with the end face of the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, and the end face of the inner annular wall 512 may or may not be flush with the end face of the outer annular wall 511 (see Figures 11 and 12).

[0043] Hereinafter, a detailed explanation will be given using an example in which "the first magnetic pole is an N pole and the second magnetic pole is an S pole." Even if the first magnetic pole is an S pole and the second magnetic pole is an N pole, the object of the present application can be achieved, and the gist of this is within the scope of protection of the present application without departing from the design concept of the present disclosure and without further explanation.

[0044] When the excitation winding 520 is not energized, a part of the permanent magnetic flux generated by the first magnetic pole at the radially outer end of the first radial type permanent magnet steel 430 on the excitation rotor 400 passes from one side (N pole) through the first boss 411, the first air gap 610, the stator teeth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator teeth, and the first air gap 610 to the adjacent second boss 412, as shown in FIG. 5, and then passes through the other side ( The other part of the permanent magnetic flux passes from the one side (N pole) through the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole protrusion 413, the second air gap 620, the outer annular wall 511, the inner annular wall 512, the third air gap 630, and the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, as shown in FIG. 6, to the second boss 412, and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet steel 420, forming a closed magnetic circuit loop (see FIG. 6 for understanding).

[0045] When the excitation winding 520 is not energized, the magnetic flux generated by the second radial type permanent magnet steel 320 on the permanent magnet rotor 300 flows from the first magnetic pole at the radially outer end of the second radial type permanent magnet steel 320 through the first air gap 610, the stator teeth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator teeth, and the first air gap 610 to reach the second magnetic pole at the radially outer end of the adjacent second radial type permanent magnet steel 320, and then the permanent magnet rotor 300 The first portion passes through the rotor yoke portion of the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the second air gap 620, the outer annular wall 511, the inner annular wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole convex portion 414, and reaches the second boss 412, and then passes through the second magnetic pole at the radially inner end of the second radial type permanent magnet steel 320 and the rotor yoke portion of the permanent magnet rotor 300 to form a closed magnetic circuit loop (see FIG. 7).

[0046] The magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 is a leakage magnetic flux, so the magnetic flux path passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 is a leakage magnetic flux path. The magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is involved in external energy conversion and outputs torque to the outside, while the magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 (i.e., leakage magnetic flux) is not involved in external energy conversion and does not output torque to the outside. Here, if necessary, the setting can be adjusted so that both the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are smaller than the first air gap 610, and most of the permanent magnetic flux is closed through the leakage magnetic flux path based on the principle of minimum reluctance. Alternatively, if necessary, the setting can be adjusted so that the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are larger than the first air gap 610. The flux adjustable motor can provide a normally open leakage flux path through which the permanent magnetic flux generated by the first radial type permanent magnet steel 430 of the excitation rotor 400 and the permanent magnetic flux generated by the second radial type permanent magnet steel 320 of the permanent magnet rotor 300 leak.

[0047] When the excitation winding 520 is energized in the forward direction to form a first magnetic pole on the outer ring wall 511, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current of the excitation winding 520 suppresses the leakage flux path, which corresponds to controlling and adjusting the opening size of the normally open leakage flux path. When the excitation current is large, this leakage flux path is closed, while the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the outer ring wall 511, the second air gap 620, the first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the first boss 411, the first air gap 610, the stator teeth portion, the stator yoke portion, the adjacent stator teeth portion, the first air gap 610, the second boss 412, the second magnetic pole convex portion 414, the third air gap 630, and the inner ring wall 512, and reaches the outer ring wall 511, forming a closed magnetic circuit loop (see FIG. 8 for understanding). At this time, in the case of the first air gap 610, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current is similar to the magnetic field direction of the permanent magnetic flux generated by the first radial type permanent magnet steel 430 in the excitation rotor 400, which is the magnetization effect, which greatly improves the torque output, especially suitable for the low speed operation mode.

[0048] When the excitation winding 520 is energized in the opposite direction to form a second magnetic pole on the outer ring wall 511, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current widens and expands the leakage flux path, the opening of the leakage flux path becomes larger, and more permanent magnetic flux forms a closed magnetic circuit loop through the leakage flux path, while the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the inner ring wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole convex portion 414, the second boss 412, the first air gap 610, the stator teeth portion, the stator yoke portion, the adjacent stator teeth portion, the first air gap 610, the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the second air gap 620, and the outer ring wall 511 to reach the inner ring wall 512, forming a closed magnetic circuit loop (see FIG. 9). At this time, in the case of the first air gap 610, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current is opposite to the direction of the permanent magnetic field generated by the permanent magnetic flux in the excitation rotor 400, which has a demagnetizing effect, which further reduces the main magnetic flux (i.e., the permanent magnetic flux) passing through the first air gap 610, thereby realizing further adjustment of the magnetic field of the first air gap 610, which is particularly suitable for the ultra-high speed operation mode.

[0049] The magnetic field adjustable motor realizes the opening, cutting and opening size adjustment of the leakage flux path by passing current through the excitation winding 520 of the excitation ring assembly 500, and indirectly realizes the adjustment of the magnetic field of the first air gap 610. When a large torque output is required at low speed, the excitation current is a positive current, and the excitation current provides magnetization to increase the magnetic field strength of the first air gap 610, and further improve the output torque. When the excitation current is zero at high speed, the leakage flux path is normally opened as required, and at this time, the permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the permanent magnetic flux of the excitation rotor 400 leak through the leakage magnetic flux path, reducing the magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610. When the input current is not required, the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is weakened, and the weakening of the permanent magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is completed without external input, and the operation efficiency of the motor is improved. (That is, when the excitation current is zero, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor 400 pass through the leakage flux path, thereby realizing the division of the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610, indirectly realizing the weakening of the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610, realizing magnetic weakening under the condition that the current of the excitation winding 520 is zero, which is helpful in improving the operating efficiency in the high speed range); when the rotation speed is further increased, the excitation current is a current in the reverse direction, and the excitation current provides demagnetization, further weakening the magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610, realizing magnetic weakening, greatly improving the operating range of the motor, and realizing constant power operation within a wide speed control range.

[0050] A vehicle (not shown) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a field adjustable motor according to any of the embodiments described above.

[0051] The vehicle according to this embodiment has all the advantages of the field adjustable motor provided in any of the above embodiments and will not be described further.

[0052] As described above, in the magnetic field adjustable motor of the present application, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet and the permanent magnet rotor generates an auxiliary adjusting magnetic field through the excitation winding current of the excitation ring assembly, and determines magnetization and demagnetization according to the magnitude and direction of the excitation winding current, thereby realizing the adjustment and control of the main magnetic field, and achieving the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and a wide constant power operating range.

[0053] In describing the present invention, it is necessary to explain that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "one side", "other side", "one end", "other end", "side", "opposite", "four corners", "periphery", ""mouth-shaped structure", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are merely intended to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention, and are not to be understood as limiting the present invention, as they do not explicitly or imply that the structures shown need to have a specific orientation, be configured, or operate in a specific orientation.

[0054] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connect", "directly connected", "indirectly connected", "fixedly connected", "mounted" and "assembled" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected. The terms "mounted", "connected" and "fixedly connected" may refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two elements. Those skilled in the art may understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the circumstances.

[0055] The present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, but the above contents are the embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art can make any modifications and changes in the implementation form and details without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but the patent protection scope of the present invention should be based on what is defined in the accompanying claims.

[0056] [CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS] This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application bearing application number 202210524253.3 and entitled "Magnetic Field Adjustable Motor and Vehicle" submitted to the China Patent Office on May 13, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Explanation of symbols]

[0057] 110 case, 120 first end cover, 130 second end cover, 210 stator core, 220 first end winding, 230 stator winding, 240 second end winding, 300 permanent magnet rotor, 310 permanent magnet rotor core, 320 second radial type permanent magnet steel, 321 first magnetic pole at radially outer end of second radial type permanent magnet steel, 322 second magnetic pole at radially outer end of second radial type permanent magnet steel, 400 excitation rotor, 410 rotor core, 411 first boss, 412 second boss, 413 first magnetic pole salient, 414 second magnetic pole salient, 420 tangential type permanent magnet steel, 430 first radial type permanent magnet steel, 500 excitation ring assembly, 510 excitation ring, 511 Outer ring wall, 512 inner ring wall, 520 excitation winding, 610 first air gap, 620 second air gap, 630 third air gap, 640 magnetic shielding structure, 650 supermagnetic structure, 710 rotating shaft, 720 bearing, 730 wave spring.

Claims

1. A field adjustable motor, comprising: a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, an excitation rotor, and an excitation ring assembly, the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the excitation rotor, and the excitation ring assembly are all located within the housing, the permanent magnet rotor is disposed radially inside the stator, and a first air gap is formed between the permanent magnet rotor and the stator, the excitation ring assembly is disposed on an end wall of the housing, and the excitation rotor is disposed between the excitation ring assembly and the permanent magnet rotor, the excitation ring assembly includes an excitation ring and an excitation winding, the excitation ring having an outer annular wall and an inner annular wall, the excitation winding being disposed between the outer annular wall and the inner annular wall; the exciting rotor comprises a rotor core and a plurality of first permanent magnets, the rotor core is provided with a first magnetic pole fitting portion, a second magnetic pole fitting portion, and a first magnetic pole forming region and a second magnetic pole forming region that are provided alternately along a circumferential direction, the first magnetic pole fitting portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming region, the second magnetic pole fitting portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming region, and the plurality of first permanent magnets correspond to the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region and are provided on the rotor core to form a first magnetic pole in the first magnetic pole forming region and a second magnetic pole in the second magnetic pole forming region, The outer annular wall corresponds to the first magnetic pole fitting portion and a second air gap is formed, and the inner annular wall corresponds to the second magnetic pole fitting portion and a third air gap is formed.

2. 2. The motor according to claim 1, wherein the outer annular wall is located radially inside the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the second air gap is located between a radially outer surface of the outer annular wall and a radially inner surface of the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the inner annular wall is located radially inside the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the third air gap is located between a radially outer surface of the inner annular wall and a radially inner surface of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the first permanent magnet includes a tangential type permanent magnet steel, and the tangential type permanent magnet steel is provided between the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region.

3. 3. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 2, wherein the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are both located on a side surface of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the inner annular wall protrudes toward the rotor core relative to the outer annular wall, the first magnetic pole fitting portion is provided on an end surface of the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole fitting portion is provided on a radially inner surface of the second magnetic pole forming region.

4. 2. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 1, wherein the outer annular wall and the first magnetic pole fitting portion face each other in the axial direction of the housing, the second air gap is located between an end face of the outer annular wall and an end face of the first magnetic pole fitting portion, the inner annular wall and the second magnetic pole fitting portion face each other in the axial direction of the housing, the third air gap is located between an end face of the inner annular wall and an end face of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, the first permanent magnet includes a first radial type permanent magnet steel, and in the circumferential direction of the housing, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are located inside a region surrounded by a plurality of the first radial type permanent magnet steels so as to correspond to each other.

5. The field adjustable motor according to claim 4 , wherein a magnetic blocking structure is provided radially inside the first magnetic pole forming region, and a supermagnetic structure is provided radially inside the second magnetic pole forming region.

6. 5. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 4, wherein the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are both located on a side surface of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the first magnetic pole fitting portion is provided on an end face of the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole fitting portion is provided on a side surface of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly and is located radially inward of the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region.

7. 7. The field adjustable motor according to claim 6, wherein an end face of the first magnetic pole fitting portion is flush or not flush with an end face of the second magnetic pole fitting portion, and an end face of the inner annular wall is flush or not flush with an end face of the outer annular wall.

8. 7. The motor with adjustable magnetic field according to claim 3, wherein the first magnetic pole fitting portion includes a first magnetic pole protrusion, and the second magnetic pole fitting portion includes a second magnetic pole protrusion.

9. The permanent magnet rotor comprises a permanent magnet rotor core and a plurality of second permanent magnets, and the plurality of second permanent magnets are sequentially provided on the permanent magnet rotor core along a circumferential direction. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. 10. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 9, wherein the second permanent magnet comprises a second radial type permanent magnet steel, the magnetic poles at the radial outer ends of adjacent second radial type permanent magnet steels are different, and the magnetic poles at the radial inner ends of adjacent second radial type permanent magnet steels are different, and a magnetic shielding structure is provided at both the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole at the radial inner ends of the second radial type permanent magnet steel.

11. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the excitation ring assembly and the excitation rotor are both two in number, the permanent magnet rotor is positioned between the two excitation rotors, and the two excitation rotors are positioned between the two excitation ring assemblies.

12. A vehicle comprising a field adjustable motor according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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