Natural antibacterial composition

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to a natural antibacterial composition based on a combination of extracts, such as plant extracts.More specifically, the present disclosure provides an antibacterial composition comprising at least one saponin extract, an extract from at least one plant species selected from Styrax (Stryachna extract), Balsambra (Miroxylon extract), Mylocarpus (Miroxylon extract) and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from the plant species of Styrax, Balsambra or Mylocarpus and the additional plant source.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to natural antimicrobial compositions based on combinations of extracts, such as plant extracts. [Background technology]

[0002] Public concern about the safety of synthetic preservatives used in cosmetics and food, especially about their accumulation and subsequent health effects, has forced health authorities to reduce the application concentrations or even ban them. Alternatives such as botanical antimicrobials have been the focus of much research but are rarely used to replace synthetic preservatives due to their weaker efficacy, narrower spectrum and higher price.

[0003] References The following references are considered to be relevant as background to the presently disclosed subject matter. [1]"The saponins - polar isoprenoids with important and diverse biological activities" A. Osbourn, et al., Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 1261 [2] International Publication No. 2000 / 072861 [3] International Publication No. 1998 / 048768 [4] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0018867 [5] International Publication No. 2009 / 153800 [6] International Publication No. 2012 / 07719 [7] International Publication No. 2012 / 077120 [8] China Patent Application Publication No. 101085222 [9] International Publication No. 2001 / 47481

[10] International Publication No. 2017 / 191629 Summary of the Invention

[0004] Although saponin exhibits preservative properties, it often proves inadequate against many microbiological contaminants.The inventors of the present invention disclosed herein have surprisingly found that at least one saponin material and a composition of extracts of various plant species exhibits bioactivity, such as antibacterial activity, which is superior to the activity exhibited by each component individually and is at least comparable to, and sometimes even superior to, known chemical (i.e., non-natural) alternatives for the same applications.

[0005] Thus, in one of its aspects, the disclosure provides an antimicrobial composition comprising at least one saponin extract, an extract from at least one plant species selected from the genus Styrax (Stryachna extract), the genus Balsamblage (Miroxylon extract), the genus Mylocarpus (Milocarpus extract), and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from the plant species of the genus Styrax, the genus Balsamblage, or the genus Mylocarpus, and the additional plant source.

[0006] In another of its aspects, the present disclosure provides an antimicrobial composition comprising at least one saponin extract, at least one plant extract obtained from at least one plant species of the Styrax genus, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from said plant species of the Styrax genus and said additional plant source.

[0007] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a saponin extract, at least one plant extract from at least one plant species selected from the genera Styrax, Balsamblage and / or Mylocarpus and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from said plant species of the genera Styrax, Balsamblage and Mylocarpus and said additional plant source, and the Styrax, Balsamblage and / or Mylocarpus extract contains at least one of cinnamic acid, a cinnamic acid derivative and / or a benzoic acid derivative.

[0008] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an antimicrobial composition comprising an antimicrobially effective amount of a mixture of agents, the mixture of agents consisting of at least one saponin extract, at least one plant extract from at least one plant species selected from the genera Styrax, Balsamudina and / or Mylocarpus and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from the at least one plant species and the additional plant source.

[0009] Yet further embodiments provide additional compositions consisting of a combination of at least one saponin extract, at least one plant extract from at least one plant species selected from the genera Styrax, Balsamudina and / or Mylocarpus and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from said at least one plant species and said additional plant source.

[0010] In another of its aspects, the present disclosure provides a cosmetic or cleansing formulation comprising a composition of the present disclosure as defined in various embodiments herein.

[0011] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a preservative formulation comprising a composition of the present disclosure described herein.

[0012] As used herein, the term extract refers to an active ingredient or fraction isolated from a plant, typically by solvent extraction, although other extraction techniques known per se are also contemplated. The extraction method for obtaining any plant extract used according to the present disclosure can be carried out by any commonly used technique and variations known in the art, unless otherwise indicated.

[0013] The extracts of plant species used to prepare the compositions of the present disclosure may be prepared prior to formulation or may be commercially available. The extracts may be used without further purification.

[0014] As used herein, a saponin material is at least one naturally occurring saponin compound known in the art. When isolated from a natural source, the saponin material may be used in its substantially pure form (i.e., at least 85%, at least 87%, at least 92%, at least 95%, or at least 98% pure) or as a saponin-containing extract (also referred to herein for brevity as "saponin extract") isolated by methods known in the art.

[0015] According to the present disclosure, a saponin-containing extract contains at least 0.2%-95 wt% saponin by weight of the total dry content of the extract. In some embodiments, an extract used according to the present disclosure contains 0.2%-99 wt% saponin by weight of the total dry content of the extract.

[0016] In some embodiments, the saponin extract used in the composition may comprise about 10% to about 80% saponin by weight of the total dry content of the extract. In other embodiments, the saponin extract may comprise about 10% to about 60% saponin by weight, about 10% to about 50% saponin by weight, about 10% to about 40% saponin by weight, about 10% to about 30% saponin by weight, or even about 10% to about 20% saponin by weight of the total dry content of the extract. In some embodiments, the saponin extract comprises about 0.2% to about 10% saponin by weight of the total dry content of the extract.

[0017] When isolated from a natural source, the saponin extract may be used in its substantially pure form (i.e., at least 85%, at least 87%, at least 92%, at least 95%, or at least 98% pure).

[0018] The saponin-containing extract may be obtained from any natural source known to contain saponin. Such natural sources may be plant sources, some of which are detailed below, but may also be from animal sources or non-plant sources, such as marine organisms such as starfish and sea cucumbers. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the saponin is extracted from a plant source that is naturally grown or genetically modified to have a high saponin content. In some embodiments, the saponin material is obtained by extraction from the plant source by using a solvent, water, alcohol, or a water / alcohol solution. In some embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol or methanol.

[0019] Saponin materials may be obtained from plant sources. Botanical sources include: Shikakai, soybean, kidney bean, pea (Pisum sativum), alfalfa, tea, spinach, sugar beet, quinoa, licorice, sunflower, horse chestnut, ginseng, oats, Capsicum anguicum, eggplant, tomato seed, leek, asparagus, yam, fenugreek, yucca and ginseng, alfalfa, mung bean, Bupleurum falcatum, Camellia oleifera, Camellia sinensis, Desmodium adscendens, Gypsophila, Panax quinquefolius, quinqufolius, Panax japonicus, Quillaja saponaria, Sapindus delavayi, Sapindus mukorossi, Sapindus marginatus, Sapindus saponaria, Sapindus trifoliatus, Saponaria officinalis, and Yucca schidigera, or any mixture thereof.

[0020] In some embodiments, the saponin extract is obtained from a plant source selected from Camellia oleifera, Camellia sinensis, Quillaja saponaria, Sapindus mukorossi, Sapindus saponaria, and Saponaria officinalis, or any mixture thereof. In other embodiments, the saponin extract is obtained from Camellia oleifera, Quillaja saponaria, and / or Sapindus mukorossi. The saponin-containing material may be purified by any means known in the art, including filtration, centrifugation, recrystallization, distillation, adsorption, chromatographic methods, fractionation, and the like.

[0021] The saponin extract may be obtained from any part of the plant, including the leaves, stems, roots, bulbs, flowers, and fruits (including the fruit skin, pulp, and seeds). In some embodiments, the extract is obtained from the ascocarp of Sapindus mukorossi or the seed meal of Camellia oleifera.

[0022] The compositions of the present disclosure may, in some embodiments, comprise at least 0.001 wt% saponin, hi some embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.01-2 wt%, about 0.01-1.5 wt%, or even about 0.01-1 wt% saponin.

[0023] As mentioned above, in addition to the saponin extract, the composition comprises an extract from at least one plant species selected from the genus Styrax (Styrax extract), the genus Balsambusa (Miroxylon extract), the genus Mylocarpus (Mylocarpus extract) and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source. When the saponin is obtained from a plant extract, it should be noted that the saponin extract is derived from a saponin source different from the plant species of Styrax and the additional plant source.

[0024] The genus Styrax includes a group of small trees or shrubs in the family Styraxaceae that often secrete a gum-like resin containing at least benzoic acid, coniferyl benzoate, and other compounds. The gum-like resin or bark is often called "benzoin resin." It should be recognized that the extract may be an extract of one or more plants selected within the genus.

[0025] In some embodiments, the plant of the Styrax genus is selected from the group consisting of Styrax agrestis, Styrax americanus, Styrax argenteus, Styrax argentifolius, Styrax argyrophyllus, Styrax bashanensis, Styrax benzoides, Styrax benzoin, Styrax calvescens, Styrax camporum, Styrax chinensis, Styrax chrysocarpus, and the like. chrysocarpus, Styrax confuses, Styrax crotonoides, Styrax dasyanthus, Styrax faberi, Styrax ferax, Styrax ferrugineus, Styrax formosanus, Styrax foveolaria, Styrax fraserensis, Styrax grandiflorus, Styrax grandifolius, Styrax hainanensis, Styrax hemslyanus hemsleyanus, Styrax hookeri, Styrax huanus, Styrax yariscanajaliscana, Styrax japonicus, Styrax limpritchii, Styrax litseoides, Styrax loxensis, Styrax macranthus, Styrax macrocarpus, Styrax martii, Styrax mathewsii, Styrax obassia, Styrax odoratissimus, Styrax officinalis, Styrax paralleloneurus paralleloneurus (Sumatra benzoin), Styrax parvifolium, Styrax perkinsiae, Styrax peruvianum, Styrax philadelphoides, Styrax platanifolius, Styrax pohlii, Styrax portoricensis, Styrax redivivus, Styrax roseus, Styrax rugosus, Styrax schweliense, Styrax serrulata serrulatus, Styrax shiraianum, Styrax socialis, Styrax suberifolius, Styrax spieisupaii, Styrax tafelbergensis, Styrax tolu, Styrax tonkinensis (Siamese benzoin), Styrax veitchiorum, Styrax vilcabambae, Styrax wilsonii, Styrax wuyuanensis, Styrax zhejiangensis and mixtures thereof.

[0026] In some embodiments, the Styrax genus plant is selected from Styrax paralleloneurus (Sumatran benzoin), Styrax tonkinensis (Siamese benzoin), Styrax formosanus, Styrax peruvianum, Styrax tolu, and mixtures thereof.

[0027] In some other embodiments, the Styrax genus is Styrax paralleloneurus (Sumatran benzoin).

[0028] In another embodiment, the Styrax genus plant is Styrax tonkinensis (Siamese benzoin).

[0029] In a further embodiment, the Styrax genus plant is Styrax formosanus.

[0030] In some further embodiments, the Styrax genus plant is Styrax peruvianum.

[0031] In yet a further embodiment, the Styrax genus plant is a selected Styrax tolu.

[0032] According to some embodiments, the Styrax extract is obtained by mixing the resin and / or bark with a suitable solvent, typically a hydrophobic solvent, such as at least one oil (e.g., paraffin oil, triglyceride, non-triglyceride oil, etc.), pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, chloroform, etc.

[0033] In other embodiments, the individual plant extracts (ie, either or both of the saponin and Styrax extract) are commercially available.

[0034] The genus Balsam includes a group of small trees in the legume family that often secrete a gum-like resin that contains at least benzoic acid, coniferyl benzoate, and other compounds.

[0035] In some embodiments, the at least one plant extract is a Myroxylon extract obtained from a plant of the Myroxylon genus selected from Myroxylon balsamum and Myroxylon peruiferum. The Myroxylon extract can be obtained from the resin or bark of the plant.

[0036] The genus Mylocarpus comprises a group of small trees in the legume family whose gum-like resin contains at least benzoic acid, coniferyl benzoate and other compounds.

[0037] In some embodiments, the at least one plant extract is a Myrocarpus extract obtained from a Myrocarpus plant selected from Myrocarpus fastigiatus, Myrocarpus frondosus, Myrocarpus leprosus, and Myrocarpus venezuelensis. According to some embodiments, the Myrocarpus extract is a Myrocarpus fastigiatus extract. The Myrocarpus extract can be obtained from the resin or bark of the plant.

[0038] The compositions of the present disclosure may, in some embodiments, comprise at least 0.001 wt% of a plant extract from the genera Styrax, Balsam and / or Mylocarpus. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.001-5 wt% of the plant extract. In some embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.001-4 wt%, about 0.001-3 wt%, or even about 0.001-2 wt% of the plant extract. In other embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.005-5 wt%, about 0.01-5 wt%, about 0.03-5 wt%, or even about 0.05-5 wt% of the plant extract. In some other embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.005-4 wt%, about 0.01-3 wt%, about 0.03-2.5 wt%, or even about 0.05-2 wt% of the plant extract.

[0039] The inventors have discovered that natural extracts of the Styrax genus (as well as the Balsam and Mylocarpus genera) contain a variety of compounds which, when combined with saponin-containing extracts, provide comparable or even superior preservative properties compared to chemical (i.e., non-natural) alternatives.

[0040] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract from at least one plant species selected from the genera Styrax, Balsamblage and / or Mylocarpus and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from said plant species of the genera Styrax, Balsamblage and Mylocarpus and said additional plant source, and the Styrax, Balsamblage and / or Mylocarpus extract contains at least one of cinnamic acid, a cinnamic acid derivative and / or a benzoic acid derivative.

[0041] In some embodiments, the total amount of cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid derivatives, and benzoic acid derivatives in the at least one plant extract is at least 0.001 wt%, at least 0.01 wt%, or even at least 0.1 wt%. In other embodiments, the total amount of cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid derivatives, and benzoic acid derivatives in the at least one plant extract can be up to 10 wt%. In some other embodiments, the total amount of cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid derivatives, and benzoic acid derivatives in the at least one plant extract can be about 0.001-10 wt%, about 0.01-10 wt%, about 0.1-10 wt%, or even about 1-10 wt%.

[0042] The term derivative, as defined herein, refers to a chemically modified compound derived from a parent compound (e.g., cinnamic acid or benzoic acid) that differs from the parent compound by one or more elements, substituents and / or functional groups such that the derivative has the same or similar properties / activity as the parent compound.

[0043] In some embodiments, the cinnamic acid derivative is selected from P-coumaryl cinnamate, coniferyl cinnamate, cinnamyl cinnamate, benzyl cinnamate, cinnamic acid esters, and the like, and combinations thereof.

[0044] In other embodiments, the benzoic acid derivative is selected from coniferyl benzoate, cinnamyl benzoate, P-coumaryl benzoate, benzoic acid esters, and the like, and combinations thereof.

[0045] Styrax extracts may further contain a variety of terpenes and terpenoids, as well as other phenolic derivatives such as pinoresinol.

[0046] It should be noted further that the derivatives may be obtained from natural sources or may be artificially synthesized.Accordingly, in another of its aspects, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a saponin extract and a formulation comprising at least one of cinnamic acid, a cinnamic acid derivative and / or a benzoic acid derivative.

[0047] In some embodiments, the cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid derivative and / or benzoic acid derivative may be a component of an extract of Styrax derived from the resin or bark of at least one plant species of the Styrax genus (so that the saponin extract of the composition is derived from a saponin source different from said plant species of the Styrax genus), or a component of an extract of Balsamudina derived from the resin or bark of at least one plant species of the Balsamudina genus, and / or a component of an extract of Mylocarpus derived from the resin or bark of at least one plant species of the Mylocarpus genus.

[0048] Generally, in the compositions of the present disclosure, the weight to weight ratio (wt / wt) between the saponin extract and the at least one plant extract may range from 1:50 to 50:1 (saponin material:plant extract). In some embodiments, the weight to weight ratio between the saponin extract and the at least one plant extract is about 1:50, about 1:45, about 1:30, about 1:25, about 1:20, about 1:15, about 1:10, about 1:8, about 1:7, about 1:6, about 1:5, about 1:4, about 1:3, about 1:2, about 1:1, about 2:1, about 3:1, about 4:1, about 5:1, about 6:1, about 7:1; about 8:1, about 10:1, about 15:1, about 20:1, about 25:1, about 30:1, about 35:1, about 40:1, about 45:1, or about 50:1.

[0049] In other embodiments, the weight ratio between the saponin extract and the at least one plant extract may be 1:20 to 20: 1. In other embodiments, the weight ratio between the saponin extract and the at least one plant extract may be 1:10 to 10: 1. In some other embodiments, the weight ratio is 1:5 to 5:1.

[0050] In some embodiments, the weight to weight ratio (wt / wt) between the additional plant extract and the extract of at least one plant (i.e., Styrax, Balsam and / or Mylocarpus) may range from about 1:400 to 400:1, about 200:1 to 1:200, or even about 1:100 to 100:1. In some embodiments, the weight to weight ratio between the additional plant extract and the at least one plant extract is about 1:100, about 1:90, about 1:80, about 1:70, about 1:60, about 1:50, about 1:40, about 1:30, about 1:20, about 1:19, about 1:18, about 1:17, about 1:16, about 1:15, about 1:14, about 1:13, about 1:12, about 1:11, about 1:10, about 1:9, about 1:8, about 1:7, about 1:6, about 1:5, about 1:4, about 1:3, about 1:2, about 1:1, about 2:1, about 3:1, about 4:1, about 5:1, about 6:1, about 7:1; about 8:1, about 9:1, about 10:1, about 11:1, about 12:1, about 13:1, about 14:1, about 15:1, about 16:1, about 17:1, about 18:1, about 19:1, about 20:1, about 30:1, about 40:1, about 50:1, about 60:1, about 70:1, about 80:1, about 90:1 or about 100:1.

[0051] In other embodiments, the weight ratio between the additional plant extract and the at least one plant extract may be 1:25 to 25: 1. In some other embodiments, the weight ratio is 1:20 to 20:1.

[0052] The amount of the additional plant extract in the composition may be at least 0.001 wt% in some embodiments, and may be about 0.005-2 wt%, about 0.01-1.5 wt%, or even about 0.02-1 wt%.

[0053] In the compositions of the present disclosure, the weight to weight ratio (wt / wt) between the saponin extract and the additional plant extract may range from 1:200 to 200:1 (saponin material:additional plant extract). In some embodiments, the weight to weight ratio between the saponin extract and the additional plant extract is about 1:200, about 1:175, about 1:150, about 1:125, about 1:100, about 1:75, about 1:50, about 1:45, about 1:30, about 1:25, about 1:20, about 1:15, about 1:10, about 1:8, about 1:7, about 1:6, about 1:5, about 1:4, about 1:3, about 1:2, about 1:1, about 2:1, about 3:1, about 4:1, about 5:1, about 6:1, about 7:1; about 8:1, about 10:1, about 15:1, about 20:1, about 25:1, about 30:1, about 35:1, about 40:1, about 45:1, about 50:1, about 75:1, about 100:1, about 125:1, about 150:1, about 175:1, and even between 200:1.

[0054] In other embodiments, the weight ratio between the saponin extract and the additional plant extract may be 100:1 to 1:100. In some other embodiments, the weight ratio is 50:1 to 1:50. In still other embodiments, the weight ratio is 20:1 to 1:20. In some further embodiments, the weight ratio is 10:1 to 1:10.

[0055] According to some embodiments, the additional plant extract may be selected from extracts of at least one plant species of the genera Cinnamomum, Paeonia, Cinnamon, Magnolia, Commiphora, Boswellia, Dipterocarpus, Copaiba, Hollyhock, Thymus, Origanum, Cymbidium, Anethum, Myrtacea, Nigella, Pimenta, and maltol extracted from a plant source, and mixtures thereof.

[0056] In some embodiments, the additional plant extract is selected from extracts of at least one plant species of the genera Cinnamon, Paeonia, Magnolia, Pimenta, and Cymbidium, and mixtures thereof.

[0057] In some other embodiments, the additional plant extract may be selected from the genera Adulterifera, Commiphora, Boswellia, Dipterocarpus, Copaiba, Hollyhock, Thymus, Origanum, Dill, and Myrtaceae, as well as maltol extracted from plant sources, and mixtures thereof.

[0058] It should be understood that the additional extracts can be extracts of one or more plants selected from the genera Cinnamomum, Paeonia, Atractylodes, Magnolia, Commiphora, Boswellia, Dipterocarpus, Copaiba, Hollyhock, Thymus, Origanum, Cymbidium, Anethum, Myrtacea, Nigella, Pimenta, or from different genera. It should be further noted that the present disclosure further contemplates compositions comprising mixtures of such extracts, whether prepared and combined individually or prepared in one pot from a mixture of plant sources (plant parts).

[0059] Cinnamomum is a genus of evergreen, aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the family Lauraceae, inter alia Cinnamomum acuminatifolium, Cinnamomum acuminatissimum, Cinnamomum acutatum, Cinnamomum africanum, Cinnamomum aggregatum, Cinnamomum alainii, Cinnamomum alatum, Cinnamomum albiflorum, Cinnamomum arsini ... alcinii, Cinnamomum alexei, Cinnamomum alibertii, Cinnamomum alternifolium, Cinnamomum altissimum, Cinnamomum ammannii, Cinnamomum amoenum, Cinnamomum amplexicaule, Cinnamomum amplifolium, Cinnamomum anacardium, Cinnamomum andersii andersonii, Cinnamomum angustifolium, Cinnamomum angustitepalum, Cinnamomum antillarum, Cinnamomum appelianum, Cinnamomum arbusculum, Cinnamomum arcbordianumarchboldianum, Cinnamomum areolatocostae, Cinnamomum areolatum, Cinnamomum arfakense, Cinnamomum argenteum, Cinnamomum arsenei, Cinnamomum asa-grayi, Cinnamomum assamicum, Cinnamomum aubletii, Cinnamomum aureo-fulvum, Cinnamomum austral austral, Cinnamomum austro-sinense, Cinnamomum austro-yunnanense, Cinnamomum bahianum, Cinnamomum bahiense, Cinnamomum baileyanum, Cinnamomum baillonii, Cinnamomum balansae, Cinnamomum bamoense, Cinnamomum barbataxiratum barbato-axillatum, Cinnamomum barbeyanum, Cinnamomum barlowii, Cinnamomum bartheifolium, Cinnamomum barthii, Cinnamomum bazania, Cinnamomum beccarii, Cinnamomum bejorgothabejolghota, Cinnamomum bengalense, Cinnamomum biafranum, Cinnamomum bintulense, Cinnamomum birmanicum, Cinnamomum blumei, Cinnamomum bodinieri, Cinnamomum bonii, Cinnamomum bonplandii, Cinnamomum borneense, Cinnamomum bowlgeauvianum bourgeauvianum, Cinnamomum boutonii, Cinnamomum brachythyrsum, Cinnamomum bractefoliaceum, Cinnamomum burmannii, Cinnamomum cambodianum, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum caudiferum, Cinnamomum cebuense, Cinnamomum carthofilum chartophyllum, Cinnamomum citriodorum, Cinnamomum contractum, Cinnamomum culilawan, Cinnamomum dubium, Cinnamomum elegans, Cinnamomum filipes, Cinnamomum glanduriferumglanduliferum, Cinnamomum glaucescens, Cinnamomum ilicioides, Cinnamomum impressinervium, Cinnamomum iners, Cinnamomum japonicum, Cinnamomum javanicum, Cinnamomum jensenianum, Cinnamomum kanehirae, Cinnamomum kotoense, Cinnamomum cantonense kwangtungense, Cinnamomum liangii, Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, Cinnamomum longipetiolatum, Cinnamomum loureiroi, Cinnamomum mairei, Cinnamomum malabatrum, Cinnamomum mercadoi, Cinnamomum micranthum, Cinnamomum migao, Cinnamomum morifolium mollifolium, Cinnamomum oliveri, Cinnamomum osmophloeum, Cinnamomum ovalifolium, Cinnamomum parthenoxylon, Cinnamomum pauciflorum, Cinnamomum pedunculatumpedunculatum, Cinnamomum philippinense, Cinnamomum pingbienense, Cinnamomum pittosporoides, Cinnamomum platyphyllum, Cinnamomum porphyrium, Cinnamomum porrectum, Cinnamomum reticulatum, Cinnamomum rigidissimum, Cinnamomum saxataile saxatile, Cinnamomum septentrionale, Cinnamomum sinharajaense, Cinnamomum sintoc, Cinnamomum subavenium, Cinnamomum tamala, Cinnamomum tenuipilum, Cinnamomum tonkinense, Cinnamomum triplinerve, Cinnamomum tsangii, Cinnamomum validinerve These include the species Cinnamomum validinerve, Cinnamomum verum, Cinnamomum virens, Cinnamomum walaiwarense, and Cinnamomum wilsonii.

[0060] In some embodiments, the Cinnamomum extract is an extract of Cinnamomum cassia, hi other embodiments, the Cinnamomum extract is an extract of Cinnamomum cassia bark or twigs.

[0061] The genus Paeonia is a group of flowering plants in the family Paeoniaceae, notably Paeonia algeriensis, Paeonia anomala, Paeonia arietina, Paeonia broteri, Paeonia brownii, Paeonia californica, Paeonia cambessedesii, Paeonia clusii, Paeonia coriacea, Paeonia corsica, Paeonia daurica, Paeonia emodii, Paeonia verum ... emodi, Paeonia intermedia, Paeonia kesrouanensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia mairei, Paeonia mascula, Paeonia obovate, Paeonia officinalis, Paeonia parnassica, Paeonia peregrina, Paeonia sterniana, Paeonia tenuifolia, Paeonia veitchii, Paeonia decomposita These include the species Paeonia decomposita, Paeonia delavayi, Paeonia jishanensis, Paeonia ludlowii, Paeonia ostia, Paeonia qiui, and Paeonia rockii.

[0062] In some embodiments, the peony extract is an extract of Paeonia lactiflora, hi other embodiments, the peony extract is an extract of Paeonia lactiflora root.

[0063] The genus Salvia is a group of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, including, inter alia, Salvia absconditiflora, Salvia acuminata, Salvia adenocaulon, Salvia adenophora, Salvia adenophylla, Salvia adiantifolia, Salvia adoxoides, Salvia aegyptiaca, Salvia aequidens, Salvia aequidistans, Salvia aerea, Salvia aethiopics, Salvia aethiopis, Salvia Africana, Salvia Africana-lutea, Salvia alamosana, Salvia alariformis, Salvia alata, Salvia alatipetiolata, Salvia alba, Salvia albicalyx, Salvia albicaulis, Salvia albiflora, Salvia albimaculata, Salvia albocaerulea, Salvia alborosea, Salvia alexenkoi alexeenkoi, Salvia algeriensis, Salvia aliciae, Salvia altissima, Salvia alvajaca, Salvia amethysteneamethystine, Salvia amissa, Salvia amplexicaulis, Salvia amplicalyx, Salvia amplifrons, Salvia anastomosans, Salvia anatolica, Salvia andreji, Salvia anguicoma, Salvia angulate, Salvia angustiarum, Salvia apiana, Salvia apparicii, Salvia appendiculate, Salvia arabica arabica, Salvia aramiensis, Salvia arborescens, Salvia arbuscula, Salvia arduinervis, Salvia arenaria, Salvia areolate, Salvia argentea, Salvia Ariana, Salvia aridicola, Salvia aristate, Salvia arizonica, Salvia arthrocoma, Salvia articulata, Salvia aspera aspera, Salvia asperata, Salvia asperifolia, Salvia assurgens, Salvia atrocalyxatrocalyx, Salvia atrocyanea, Salvia atropaenulata, Salvia atropatana, Salvia atropurpurea, Salvia atrorubra, Salvia aucheri, Salvia aurita, Salvia austriaca, Salvia austromelissodora, Salvia axillaris, Salvia axilliflora, Salvia ayavacensis, Salvia ayavacensis ayayacensis, Salvia aytachii, Salvia azurea, Salvia bahorucona, Salvia baimaensis, Salvia balansae, Salvia balaustina, Salvia baldshuanica, Salvia ballotiflora, Salvia ballsiana, Salvia bariensis, Salvia barrelieri, Salvia bazmanica, Salvia beckeri, Salvia benthamiana benthamiana, Salvia betulifolia, Salvia bifidocalyx, Salvia biserrate, Salvia blancoana, Salvia blepharophyllablepharophylla, Salvia boegei, Salvia bogotensis, Salvia booleana, Salvia borjensis, Salvia bowleyana, Salvia brachyantha, Salvia brachyloba, Salvia brachyloma, Salvia brachyodon, Salvia brachyodonta, Salvia brachyphylla, Salvia bracteate, Salvia brandegeei, Salvia breviconectivata breviconnectivata, Salvia breviflora, Salvia brevilabra, Salvia brevipes, Salvia broussonetii, Salvia buchananii, Salvia bucharica, Salvia buchii, Salvia bulleyana, Salvia bullulata, Salvia caaguazuensis, Salvia cabonii, Salvia cabulica, Salvia cacaliifolia, Salvia cadmica cadmica, Salvia caespitosa, Salvia calaminthifolia, Salvia calcicole, Salvia californicacalifornica, Salvia calolophos, Salvia camarifolia, Salvia campanulate, Salvia campicola, Salvia camporum, Salvia campylodonta, Salvia canariensis, Salvia candelabrum, Salvia candicans, Salvia candidissima, Salvia canescens, Salvia capillosa, Salvia carbonoi, Salvia cardensis cardenasii, Salvia cardiophylla, Salvia carduacea, Salvia carnea, Salvia cassia, Salvia castanea, Salvia cataractarum, Salvia caudata, Salvia cavaleriei, Salvia caymanensis, Salvia cedronella, Salvia cedrosensis, Salvia ceratophylla, Salvia cerradicola, Salvia calarotilis chalarothyrsa, Salvia chamaedryoides, Salvia chamelaeagnea, Salvia canryoenicachanryoenica, Salvia chapadensis, Salvia chapalensis, Salvia chiapensis, Salvia chicamochae, Salvia chienii, Salvia chinensis, Salvia chionantha, Salvia chionopeplica, Salvia chionophylla, Salvia chloroleuca, Salvia chorassanica, Salvia chrysophylla, Salvia chudaei, Salvia chunganensis chunganensis, Salvia cilicica, Salvia cinica, Salvia cinnabarina, Salvia circinnata, Salvia clarendonensis, Salvia clausa, Salvia clevelandii, Salvia clinopodioides, Salvia coahuilensis, Salvia coccinea, Salvia cocuyana, Salvia codazziana, Salvia coerulea coerulea, Salvia cognata, Salvia colonica, Salvia columbariae, Salvia comayaguana, Salvia compalcompar, Salvia compressa, Salvia compsostachys, Salvia concolor, Salvia confertiflora, Salvia congestiflora, Salvia connivens, Salvia consimilis, Salvia consobrina, Salvia corazonica, Salvia cordata, Salvia coriana, Salvia corrugate, Salvia costaricensis, Salvia costata, Salvia corteri coulteri, Salvia crinigera, Salvia crucis, Salvia cruikshanksii, Salvia cryptoclada, Salvia cryptodonta, Salvia cuatrecasana, Salvia cubensis, Salvia curta, Salvia curticalyx, Salvia curtiflora, Salvia curviflora, Salvia cuspidate, Salvia cyanantha, Salvia cyanescens cyanescens, Salvia cyanicalyx, Salvia cyanocephala, Salvia cyanotrophacyanotropha), Salvia cyclostegia, Salvia cylindriflora cylindriflora, Salvia cynica, Salvia dabieshanensis, Salvia darcyi, Salvia dasyantha, Salvia decumbens, Salvia decurrens, Salvia densiflora, Salvia dentata, Salvia deserta, Salvia deserti, Salvia desoleana, Salvia diamantina, Salvia dichlamys, Salvia dichloantha dichroantha, Salvia digitaloides, Salvia discolor, Salvia disermas, Salvia disjuncta, Salvia divaricate, Salvia divinorum, Salvia dolichantha, Salvia dolomitica, Salvia dombeyi, Salvia dominica, Salvia dorisiana, Salvia dorrii, Salvia drobovii, Salvia drusica, Salvia dromocaris, Salvia drymocharis, Salvia dryophila, Salvia dugesiana, Salvia dumetorum, Salvia durantifloradurantiflora, Salvia durifolia, Salvia duripes, Salvia ecbatanensis, Salvia ecuadorensis, Salvia eichleriana, Salvia eigii, Salvia eizi, Salvia ekimiana, Salvia elegans, Salvia elenevskyi, Salvia emaciate, Salvia engelmannii, Salvia eplingiana, Salvia eremophila eremophila, Salvia eremostachya, Salvia eriocalyx, Salvia eriophora, Salvia ernesti, Salvia erythropoda, Salvia erythrostephana, Salvia erythrostoma, Salvia espirito, Salvia euphratica, Salvia evansiana, Salvia exilis, Salvia expansa, Salvia exserta, Salvia filegiana fairuziana), Salvia falcata, Salvia farinacea, Salvia filicifolia, Salvia filifoliafilifolia, Salvia filipes, Salvia firma, Salvia flaccida, Salvia flaccidifolia, Salvia flava, Salvia flocculosa, Salvia florida, Salvia fluviatilis, Salvia fominii, Salvia formosa, Salvia forreri, Salvia forsskaolei, Salvia foveolate, Salvia fracta, Salvia fragarioides fragarioides, Salvia freyniana, Salvia frigida, Salvia fruticetorum, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia fruticulosa, Salvia fugax, Salvia fulgens, Salvia funckii, Salvia funerea, Salvia fusca, Salvia fuscomanicata, Salvia garedjii, Salvia gariepensis, Salvia garipensis garipensis, Salvia gattefossei, Salvia gesneriiflora, Salvia ghiesbreghtii, Salvia glabraglabra, Salvia glabrata, Salvia glabrescens, Salvia glabricaulis, Salvia glandulifera, Salvia glechomifolia, Salvia glumacea, Salvia glutinosa, Salvia goldmanii, Salvia golneviana, Salvia gontscharowii, Salvia gonzalezii, Salvia gracilipes, Salvia gracilillarumrosa graciliramulosa, Salvia grandifolia, Salvia grandis, Salvia granitica, Salvia gravida, Salvia greatae, Salvia greggii, Salvia grewiifolia, Salvia grisea, Salvia griseifolia, Salvia grossheimii, Salvia guadalujarensis, Salvia guaranitica, Salvia guarinae, Salvia haenkei haenkei), Salvia haitiensis, Salvia hajastana, Salvia halaensis, Salvia halophilahalophila, Salvia hamulus, Salvia handelii, Salvia hapalophylla, Salvia harleyana, Salvia hasankeyfensis, Salvia hatschbachii, Salvia haussknechtii, Salvia hayatae, Salvia hedgeana, Salvia heerii, Salvia heldreichiana, Salvia helianthemifolia, Salvia henryi, Salvia herbacea herbacea, Salvia herbanica, Salvia hermesiana, Salvia herrerae, Salvia heterochroa, Salvia heterofolia, Salvia heterotricha, Salvia hians, Salvia hidalgensis, Salvia hierosolymitana, Salvia hilarii, Salvia hillcoatiae, Salvia himmelbaurii, Salvia hintonii, Salvia hirsuta hirsute, Salvia hirta, Salvia hirtella, Salvia hispanica, Salvia holwayi, Salvia honaniahonania, Salvia hotteana, Salvia huberi, Salvia humboldtiana, Salvia hupehensis, Salvia hydrangea, Salvia hylocharis, Salvia hypargeia, Salvia hypochionaea, Salvia hypoleuca, Salvia incumbens, Salvia incurvata, Salvia indica, Salvia indigocephala, Salvia infuscata infuscata, Salvia innoxia, Salvia inornate, Salvia insignis, Salvia insularum, Salvia integrifoli, Salvia interrupta, Salvia intonsa, Salvia involucrate, Salvia iodantha, Salvia iodophylla, Salvia ionocalyx, Salvia isensis, Salvia itaguassuensis, Salvia mustelianensis itatiaiensis, Salvia iuliana, Salvia jacobi, Salvia jaimehintoniana, Salvia jamaicensisjamaicensis, Salvia jaminiana, Salvia jamzadii, Salvia japonica, Salvia jaramilloi, Salvia jorgehintoniana, Salvia Judaica, Salvia jurisicii, Salvia kamelinii, Salvia karabachensis, Salvia karwinskii, Salvia keerlii, Salvia kellermanii, Salvia kermanshahensis, Salvia kiangusiensis kiangsiensis, Salvia kiaometiensis, Salvia komarovii, Salvia korolkovii, Salvia koyamae, Salvia kronenburgii, Salvia kurdica, Salvia kuznetzovii, Salvia lachnaioclada, Salvia lachnocalyx, Salvia lachnostachys, Salvia lachnostoma, Salvia laevis laevis, Salvia lamiifolia, Salvia lanceolata, Salvia langlassei, Salvia languidula, Salvia lanicaricuslanicalyx, Salvia lanicaulis, Salvia lanigera, Salvia lankongensis sis, Salvia lasiantha, Salvia lasiocephala, Salvia Lavandula, Salvia lavandulifolia, Salvia lavanduloides, Salvia laxispicata, Salvia lemmonii, Salvia leninae, Salvia lenta, Salvia leonia, Salvia leptophylla, Salvia leptostachys, Salvia lilifolia leriifolia, Salvia leucantha, Salvia leucocephala, Salvia leucochlamys, Salvia leucodermis, Salvia leucophylla, Salvia libanensis, Salvia liguliloba, Salvia lilacinocoerulea, Salvia limbate, Salvia lineata, Salvia lipskyi, Salvia littae, Salvia lobbii, Salvia longibracteolata, Salvia longipedicellata, Salvia longispicata, Salvia longistyla, Salvia lophanthoides, Salvia loxensisloxensis, Salvia lozanii, Salvia lutescens, Salvia lycioides, Salvia lyrate, Salvia macellaria, Salvia macilenta, Salvia macrocalyx, Salvia macrochlamys, Salvia macrophylla, Salvia macrosiphon, Salvia macrostachya, Salvia madrensis, Salvia mairei, Salvia malvifolia, Salvia manantranensis manantlanensis, Salvia manaurica, Salvia marashica, Salvia marci, Salvia margaritae, Salvia mattogrossensis, Salvia maximowicziana, Salvia maxonii, Salvia maymanica, Salvia mayorii, Salvia mazatlanensis, Salvia medusa, Salvia meiliensis, Salvia mekongensis, Salvia melaleuca melaleuca), Salvia melissiflora, Salvia melissodora, Salvia melliferamellifera, Salvia mentiens, Salvia merjamie, Salvia mexiae, Salvia Mexicana, Salvia microdictya, Salvia microphylla, Salvia microstegia, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Salvia minarum, Salvia miniate, Salvia mirzayanii, Salvia misella, Salvia mocinoi, Salvia modesta, Salvia modica modica, Salvia mohavensis, Salvia monantha, Salvia monclovensis, Salvia moniliformis, Salvia montbretia, Salvia montecristina, Salvia moorcroftiana, Salvia mornicola, Salvia mouretii, Salvia muelleri, Salvia muirii, Salvia mukerjeei, Salvia multicaulis, Salvia munzii munzii, Salvia muscarioides, Salvia namaensis, Salvia nana, Salvia manchuanensisnanchuanensis, Salvia napifolia, Salvia nazalena, Salvia nemoralis, Salvia nemorosa, Salvia neovidensis, Salvia nepetoides, Salvia nervata, Salvia nervosa, Salvia nilotica, Salvia nipponica, Salvia nitida, Salvia nubicola, Salvia nubigena, Salvia nubilorum nubilorum, Salvia nutans, Salvia nydeggeri, Salvia oaxacana, Salvia oblongifolia, Salvia obtorta, Salvia obtusata, Salvia obumbrate, Salvia occidentalis, Salvia occidua, Salvia occultiflora, Salvia ochrantha, Salvia ocimifolia, Salvia odontochlamys odontochlamys, Salvia officinalis, Salvia oligantha, Salvia oligophylla, Salvia ombrophila, Salvia omeiana, Salvia omelocalixomerocalyx, Salvia opertiflora, Salvia ophiocephala, Salvia oppositiflora, Salvia orbignaei, Salvia oreopola, Salvia oresbia, Salvia orthostachys, Salvia ovalifolia, Salvia oxyphora, Salvia pachyphylla, Salvia pachypoda, Salvia pachystachya, Salvia palestina palaestina, Salvia palealis, Salvia palifolia, Salvia pallida, Salvia palmeri, Salvia pamplonitana, Salvia pannosa, Salvia pansamalensis, Salvia paohsingensis, Salvia paposana, Salvia paraguariensis, Salvia paramicola, Salvia paramiltiorrhiza, Salvia parciflora, Salvia parii parryi, Salvia parvifolia, Salvia paryskii, Salvia patens, Salvia pauciflora, Salvia paucisselulatapauciserrata, Salvia paupercula, Salvia pavonii, Salvia penduliflora, Salvia peninsularis, Salvia pennellii, Salvia pentstemonoides, Salvia peratica, Salvia perblanda, Salvia peregrina, Salvia perlonga, Salvia perlucida, Salvia perplicata, Salvia perrieri, Salvia persepolitana persepolitana, Salvia persicifolia, Salvia personata, Salvia pexa, Salvia peyronii, Salvia phaenostemma, Salvia phlomoides, Salvia piasezkii, Salvia pichinchensis, Salvia pilifera, Salvia pineticola, Salvia pinguifolia, Salvia pinnata, Salvia pisidica, Salvia platyceira platycheila, Salvia platyphylla, Salvia plebeian, Salvia plectranthoides, Salvia plumosaplumosa, Salvia plurispicata, Salvia poculata, Salvia podadena, Salvia pogonochila, Salvia polystachya, Salvia pomifera, Salvia porphyrocalyx, Salvia potaninii, Salvia potentillifolia, Salvia potus, Salvia praestans, Salvia praeterita, Salvia parasiifolia prasiifolia, Salvia pratensis, Salvia prattii, Salvia prilipkoana, Salvia primuliformis, Salvia pringlei, Salvia prionitis, Salvia procurrens, Salvia propinqua, Salvia prostrates, Salvia protracta, Salvia pruinose, Salvia prunelloides, Salvia prunifolia, Salvia przewalskii przewalskii, Salvia pseudoincisa, Salvia pseudojaminiana, Salvia pseudomisella, Salvia pseudopallidapseudopallida, Salvia pseudoprivoides, Salvia pseudorosmarinus ), Salvia pseudoserotina, Salvia psilantha, Salvia psilostachya, Salvia pterocalyx, Salvia pteroura, Salvia puberula, Salvia pubescens, Salvia pulchella, Salvia punctata, Salvia purpurea, Salvia purpusii, Salvia pusilla, Salvia pygmaea, Salvia xymenensis qimenensis, Salvia quercetorum, Salvia quezelii, Salvia quitensis, Salvia radula, Salvia ramamoorthyana, Salvia ramose, Salvia ranzaniana, Salvia raveniana, Salvia raymondii, Salvia rechingeri, Salvia recognita, Salvia recurve, Salvia reeseana, Salvia reflexa reflexa, Salvia regla, Salvia regnelliana, Salvia reitzii, Salvia remota, Salvia repens, Salvia reptansreptans, Salvia retinervia, Salvia reuteriana, Salvia revoluta, Salvia rhodostephana, Salvia rhombifolia, Salvia rhyacophila, Salvia rhytidea, Salvia ringens, Salvia rivularis, Salvia roborowskii, Salvia roemeriana, Salvia roscida, Salvia rosei, Salvia roscifolia rosifolia, Salvia rosmarinoides, Salvia rostellata, Salvia rubescens, Salvia rubifolia, Salvia rubrifaux, Salvia rubriflora, Salvia rubropunctata, Salvia rufula, Salvia runcinate, Salvia rupicola, Salvia rusbyi, Salvia russellii, Salvia rypara, Salvia ruchedowskii rzedowskii, Salvia saccardiana, Salvia saccifera, Salvia sacculus, Salvia sagittate, Salvia sahendicasahendica, Salvia salicifolia, Salvia samuelssonii, Salvia sanctae-luciae, Salvia santolinifolia, Salvia sapinea, Salvia sarmentosa, Salvia Saxicola, Salvia scabiosifolia, Salvia scabra, Salvia scabrata, Salvia scabrida, Salvia scandens, Salvia scapiformis scapiformis, Salvia scapose, Salvia schimperi, Salvia schizocalyx, Salvia schizochila, Salvia schlechteri, Salvia schmalbausenii, Salvia sciaphila, Salvia sclarea, Salvia sclareoides, Salvia sclareopsis, Salvia scoparia, Salvia scutellarioides, Salvia scinophila scytinophylla, Salvia secunda, Salvia seemannii, Salvia segtinophylla, Salvia selguapensis, Salvia seleanaselleana, Salvia sellowiana, Salvia semiatrata, Salvia seravschanica, Salvia sericeotomentosa, Salvia serotina, Salvia serpyllifolia, Salvia serranoae, Salvia sessei, Salvia sessilifolia, Salvia setosa, Salvia setulose, Salvia shannonii, Salvia sharifii, Salvia sharpyi sharpie, Salvia sibthorpii, Salvia sigchosica, Salvia sikkimensis, Salvia silvarum, Salvia similis, Salvia sinaloensis, Salvia sinica, Salvia smithii, Salvia smyrnaea, Salvia somalensis, Salvia sonchifolia, Salvia sonklarii, Salvia sonomensis, Salvia sophrona sophrona, Salvia sordida, Salvia sparsiflora, Salvia spathacea, Salvia speciosa, Salvia speilematoidesspeirematoides, Salvia sphacelifolia, Salvia sphacelioides, Salvia spinosa, Salvia splendens, Salvia sprucei, Salvia squalens, Salvia stachydifolia, Salvia stachyoides, Salvia staminea, Salvia stenophylla, Salvia stibalii, Salvia stolonifera, Salvia striata striata, Salvia strobilanthoidea, Salvia styphelos, Salvia subaequalis, Salvia subglabra, Salvia subhastata, Salvia subincisa, Salvia submutica, Salvia subobscura, Salvia subpalmatinervis, Salvia subpatens, Salvia subrotunda, Salvia subrubens, Salvia subscandens subscandens, Salvia substolonifera, Salvia sucrensis, Salvia suffruticosa, Salvia summa, Salvia superbasuperba, Salvia synodonta, Salvia syriaca, Salvia tafallae, Salvia taraxacifolia, Salvia tchihatcheffii, Salvia tebesana, Salvia teddii, Salvia tehuacana, Salvia tenella, Salvia tenuiflora, Salvia tepicensis, Salvia teresae, Salvia tesquicola, Salvia tetrodonta tetrodonta, Salvia texana, Salvia thermarum, Salvia thomasiana, Salvia thormannii, Salvia thymoides, Salvia thyrsiflora, Salvia tianschanica, Salvia tigrine, Salvia tiliifolia, Salvia tingitana, Salvia tobeyi, Salvia tolimensis, Salvia tomentella, Salvia tomentosa tomentosa, Salvia tonalensis, Salvia topiensis, Salvia tortuensis, Salvia tortuosa, Salvia tounsendiitownsendii, Salvia trachyphylla, Salvia transhimalaica, Salvia transsylvanica, Salvia trautvetteri, Salvia triangularis, Salvia trichocalycina, Salvia trichoclada, Salvia trichopes, Salvia trichostephana, Salvia tricuspidate, Salvia tricuspis, Salvia trifilis, Salvia trijuga, Salvia tubifera tubifera, Salvia tubiflora, Salvia tubulosa, Salvia tuerckheimii, Salvia turcomanica, Salvia turdi, Salvia turneri, Salvia tuxtlensis, Salvia tysonii, Salvia uliginosa, Salvia umbratical, Salvia umbraticola, Salvia umbratilis, Salvia uncinate, Salvia unguerra unguella), Salvia unicostate, Salvia univerticillata, Salvia uribei, SalviaSalvia urica, Salvia urmiensis, Salvia urolepis, Salvia urticifolia ticifolia, Salvia uruapana, Salvia valentina, Salvia vargasii, Salvia vaseyi, Salvia vasta, Salvia veneris, Salvia venulosa, Salvia verapazana, Salvia verbascifolia, Salvia verbenaca, Salvia verecunda, Salvia vergeduzica, Salvia vermifolia, Salvia veronicifolia veronicifolia, Salvia verticillate, Salvia vestita, Salvia vialis, Salvia villosa, Salvia virgata, Salvia viridis, Salvia viscida, Salvia viscidifolia, Salvia viscosa, Salvia vitifolia, Salvia vvedenskii, Salvia wagneriana, Salvia wardii, Salvia warske wickiana warszewicziana, Salvia weberbaueri, Salvia weihaiensis, Salvia wendelboi, Salvia whitefoordiae, SalviaThese include the species Salvia whitehousei, Salvia wiedemannii, Salvia willeana, Salvia xalapensis, Salvia xanthocheila, Salvia xanthophylla, Salvia xanthotricha, Salvia xeropapillosa, Salvia yosgadensis, Salvia yukoyukparum, Salvia yunnanensis, and Salvia zacualpanensis.

[0064] In some embodiments, the Salvia officinalis extract is an extract of Salvia officinalis, hi other embodiments, the Salvia officinalis extract is an extract of Salvia officinalis leaves.

[0065] The genus Magnolia is a group of flowering plants in the family Magnoliaceae, including, among others, Magnolia acuminata, Magnolia alba, Magnolia albosericea, Magnolia allenii, Magnolia amazonica, Magnolia amoena, Magnolia angatensis, Magnolia angustioblonga, Magnolia annamensis, Magnolia arcabucoana, Magnolia argyrose, Magnolia argyrothricha, Magnolia aromatica, Magnolia ashtonii, Magnolia baillonii, Magnolia balansae, Magnolia banghamii, Magnolia bankardiorum, Magnolia bawangensis, Magnolia betongensis, Magnolia bintuluensis, Magnolia biondii, Magnolia blaoensis, Magnolia blumei, Magnolia boliviana, Magnolia borneensis, Magnolia braianensis, Magnolia calimaensis, Magnolia calophylla, Magnolia calophylloidescalophylloides, Magnolia campbellii, Magnolia cararensis, Magnolia caricifragrans, Magnolia carsonii, Magnolia cathcartii, Magnolia cavaleriei, Magnolia caveana, Magnolia cespedesii, Magnolia champaca, Magnolia championii, Magnolia changhuntana, Magnolia chapensis, Magnolia chevalieri, Magnolia chevalieri, Magnolia chimantensis, Magnolia chocoensis, Magnolia citrata, Magnolia clemensiorum, Magnolia coco, Magnolia colombiana, Magnolia compressa, Magnolia conifera, Magnolia coriacea, Magnolia coronata, Magnolia crassipes, Magnolia cristalensis, Magnolia cubensis cubensis), Magnolia cylindrica, Magnolia dandyi, Magnolia dawsonianadawsoniana, Magnolia decidua, Magnolia delavayi, Magnolia denudate, Magnolia dixonii, Magnolia dodecapetala, Magnolia doltsopa, Magnolia domingensis, Magnolia duclouxii, Magnolia duperreana, Magnolia ekmannii, Magnolia elegans, Magnolia elegantifolia elegantifolia, Magnolia emarginata, Magnolia ernestii, Magnolia espinalii, Magnolia figlarii, Magnolia figo, Magnolia fistulosa, Magnolia flaviflora, Magnolia floribunda, Magnolia fordiana, Magnolia foveolate, Magnolia fraseri, Magnolia fujianensis, Magnolia fulva), Magnolia garrettii, Magnolia georgii, Magnolia gigantifolia, Magnolia gilbertoi, Magnolia gioigioi, Magnolia globosa, Magnolia gloriensis, Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia grandis, Magnolia griffithii, Magnolia guangdongensis, Magnolia guangxiensis, Magnolia guatapensis, Magnolia guatemalensis, Magnolia guatemalensis, Magnolia guerrerensis, Magnolia gustaviii gustavii, Magnolia hamorii, Magnolia henaoi, Magnolia henryi, Magnolia hernandezii, Magnolia hodgsonii, Magnolia hongheensis, Magnolia hookeri, Magnolia hypolampra, Magnolia iltisiana, Magnolia insignis, Magnolia irwiniana, Magnolia iteophila iteophylla), Magnolia jaenensis, Magnolia jardinensis, Magnolia kachirachirai, Magnolia katiorum, Magnolia kinjiikingii, Magnolia kisopa, Magnolia kobus, Magnolia koordersiana, Magnolia krusei, Magnolia kwangsiensis, Magnolia kwangtungensis, Magnolia lacandonica, Magnolia lacei, Magnolia laevifolia, Magnolia lanuginosoides, Magnolia lasia, Magnolia lanuginosa lanuginosa, Magnolia lenticellata, Magnolia leveilleana, Magnolia liliifera, Magnolia liliiflora, Magnolia loebneri, Magnolia longipedunculata, Magnolia lotungensis, Magnolia lucida, Magnolia macclurei, Magnolia macklottii, Magnolia macrophylla, Magnolia magnifolia magnifolia), Magnolia mahechae, Magnolia manguillo, Magnolia mannii, Magnolia mariusjacobsia, Magnolia martinimartini, Magnolia masticata, Magnolia maudiae, Magnolia mediocris, Magnolia Mexicana, Magnolia microcarpa, Magnolia microtricha, Magnolia minor, Magnolia montana, Magnolia morii, Magnolia nana, Magnolia narinensis, Magnolia neillii, Magnolia nilagirica, Magnolia nitida nitida, Magnolia oblonga, Magnolia obovalifolia, Magnolia obovata, Magnolia odora, Magnolia odoratissima, Magnolia officinalis, Magnolia omeiensis, Magnolia opipara, Magnolia ovata, Magnolia ovoidea, Magnolia pacifica, Magnolia pahangensis, Magnolia palacescens pallescens, Magnolia panamensis, Magnolia patungensis, Magnolia persuaveolens, Magnolia philippinensisphilippinensis, Magnolia pealiana, Magnolia platyphylla, Magnolia pleiocarpa, Magnolia poasana, Magnolia polyhypsophylla, Magnolia portoricensis, Magnolia praecalva, Magnolia ptaritepuiana, Magnolia pterocarpan, Magnolia pubescens, Magnolia punduana, Magnolia kertzal quetzal, Magnolia rabaniana, Magnolia rajaniana, Magnolia rimachii, Magnolia rostrata, Magnolia rufibarbata, Magnolia sabahensis, Magnolia salicifolia, Magnolia sapaensis, Magnolia sarawakensis, Magnolia sambuensis, Magnolia santanderiana, Magnolia sargentiana sargentiana, Magnolia schiedeana, Magnolia scortechinii, Magnolia sellowiana, Magnolia sharpie, Magnolia sirensisshiluensis, Magnolia sieboldii, Magnolia silvioi, Magnolia singapurensis, Magnolia sinica ia sinica, Magnolia sirindhorniae, Magnolia sororum, Magnolia soulangeana, Magnolia sphaerantha, Magnolia splendens, Magnolia sprengeri, Magnolia stellata, Magnolia striatifolia, Magnolia subulifera, Magnolia sulawesiana, Magnolia sumatrae, Magnolia tamauripana tamaulipana, Magnolia thailandica, Magnolia tripetala, Magnolia tsiampacca, Magnolia urraoense, Magnolia utilis, Magnolia vazquezii, Magnolia venezuelensis, Magnolia ventii, Magnolia villosa, Magnolia virginiana, Magnolia virolinensis, Magnolia vrieseana, Magnolia wilsonia wilsonii, Magnolia wolfii, Magnolia xanthantha, Magnolia xiana, Magnolia xinganensisThe species include Magnolia xinganensis, Magnolia yarumalense, Magnolia yoroconte, Magnolia yunnanensis, Magnolia yuyuanensis, Magnolia zenii, and Magnolia zhengyiana.

[0066] In some embodiments, the Magnolia extract is an extract of Magnolia officinalis, hi other embodiments, the Magnolia extract is an extract of Magnolia officinalis bark.

[0067] The genus Commiphora is a genus of flowering plants in the family Burseraceae, including, inter alia, Commiphora africana, Commiphora alaticaulis, Commiphora angolensis, Commiphora boranensis, Commiphora caudata, Commiphora ciliata, Commiphora confusa, Commiphora corrugata, Commiphora erosa, Commiphora gileadensis, Commiphora glandulosa, Commiphora guidotti, Commiphora guidottii, Commiphora guillauminii, Commiphora habessinica, Commiphora harveyi, Commiphora humbertii, Commiphora kataf, Commiphora kua, Commiphora madagascariensis, Commiphora monoica, Commiphora mossambicensis, Commiphora myrrha, Commiphora saxicola, Commiphora simpellii schimperi, Commiphora simplicifolia, Commiphora sphaerocarpa, Commiphora stocksiana, Commiphora unirobataunilobata, and Commiphora wightii species.

[0068] In some embodiments, the Commiphora extract is an extract of Commiphora myrrha, hi other embodiments, the Commiphora extract is an extract of Commiphora myrrha resin.

[0069] Boswellia is another genus of flowering plants in the family Burseraceae, including, among others, Boswellia ameero, Boswellia boranensis, Boswellia bricchettii, Boswellia bullata, Boswellia chariensis, Boswellia dalzielii, Boswellia dioscoridis, Boswellia elegans, Boswellia elongate, Boswellia frereana, Boswellia globosa, Boswellia hildebrand tea, Boswellia hildebrandtii, Boswellia holstii, Boswellia madagascariensis, Boswellia microphylla, Boswellia multifoliolate, Boswellia nana, Boswellia neglecta, Boswellia odorata, Boswellia ogadensis, Boswellia ovalifoliolata, Boswellia papyrifera, Boswellia pirottae, Boswellia popoviana, Boswellia rivae rivae, Boswellia ruspoliana, Boswellia sacra, Boswellia serrataserrata, and Boswellia socotrana species.

[0070] In some embodiments, the Boswellia extract is an extract of Boswellia serrata, hi other embodiments, the Boswellia extract is an extract of Boswellia serrata resin.

[0071] Dipterocarpus is another genus of plants in the family Dipterocarpus, including, among others, Dipterocarpus acutangulus, Dipterocarpus alatus, Dipterocarpus applanatus, Dipterocarpus baudii, Dipterocarpus borneensis, Dipterocarpus bourdilloni, Dipterocarpus caudatus, Dipterocarpus caudiferus, Dipterocarpus chaltaceus, Dipterocarpus chartaceus, Dipterocarpus cinereus, Dipterocarpus concavus, Dipterocarpus condorensis, Dipterocarpus confertus, Dipterocarpus conformis, Dipterocarpus coriaceus, Dipterocarpus cornutus, Dipterocarpus costatus, Dipterocarpus costulatus, Dipterocarpus crinitus, Dipterocarpus cuspidatus cuspidatus, Dipterocarpus dyeri, Dipterocarpus elongatus, Dipterocarpus eurynchuseurynchus, Dipterocarpus fagineus, Dipterocarpus fusiformis, Dipterocarpus geniculatus, Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus, Dipterocarpus glandulosus, Dipterocarpus globosus, Dipterocarpus gracilis, Dipterocarpus grandiflorus, Dipterocarpus hasseltii, Dipterocarpus hispidus hispidus, Dipterocarpus humeratus, Dipterocarpus indicus, Dipterocarpus insignis, Dipterocarpus intricatus, Dipterocarpus kerrii, Dipterocarpus kunstleri, Dipterocarpus lamellatus, Dipterocarpus littoralis, Dipterocarpus lowii, Dipterocarpus megacarpus megacarpus, Dipterocarpus mundus, Dipterocarpus nudus, Dipterocarpus oblongifolius, DipterocarpusDipterocarpus obtusifolius, Dipterocarpus ochraceus, Dipterocarpus orbicularis, Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus, Dipterocarpus palembanicus, Dipterocarpus perakensis, Dipterocarpus pseudocornutus, Dipterocarpus retusus, Dipterocarpus rigidus, Dipterocarpus rotundifolius rotundifolius, Dipterocarpus sarawakensis, Dipterocarpus semivestitus, Dipterocarpus stellatus, Dipterocarpus sublamellatus, Dipterocarpus tempehes, Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Dipterocarpus validus, Dipterocarpus verrucosus, and Dipterocarpus zeylanicus. zeylanicus species.

[0072] In some embodiments, the Dipterocarpus extract is an extract of Dipterocarpus turbinatus, hi other embodiments, the Dipterocarpus extract is an extract of Dipterocarpus turbinatus resin.

[0073] In some embodiments, the Copaiba extract is an extract of Copaiba langsdorffii, hi other embodiments, the Dipterocarp extract is an extract of Copaiba langsdorffii resin or bark.

[0074] Malpighia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malpighiaaceae, including, among others, Malpighia aquifolia, Malpighia cauliflora, Malpighia coccigera, Malpighia cubensis, Malpighia emarginata, Malpighia fucata, Malpighia glabra, Malpighia harrisii, Malpighia mexicana, Malpighia obtusifolia, Malpighia polytricha, Malpighia These species include Malpighia polytricha, Malpighia proctorii, Malpighia setosa, Malpighia suberosa, and Malpighia urens.

[0075] In some embodiments, the Hollyhock extract is an extract of Malpighia glabra or Malpighia emarginata, hi other embodiments, the Hollyhock extract is an extract of Malpighia glabra or Malpighia emarginata fruit.

[0076] The genus Thymus is a group of plants in the family Lamiaceae, including, inter alia, Thymus adamovicii, Thymus altaicus, Thymus amurensis, Thymus boissieri, Thymus bracteosus, Thymus broussonetii, Thymus caespititius, Thymus camphoratus, Thymus capitatus, Thymus capitellatus, Thymus camphoratus, Thymus carnosus, Thymus carnosus, Thymus cephalotus, Thymus cherlerioides, Thymus ciliatus, Thymus cilicicus, Thymus cimicinus, Thymus citriodorus, Thymus comosus, Thymus comptus, Thymus curtus, Thymus decussatus, Thymus disjunctus, Thymus doerfleri, Thymus glabroussens glabrescens, Caraway thyme (Thymus herba-barona), Thymus hirsutus, Thymus hyemalis, Thymus inaequalis, Thymus integer, Thymus lanuginosuslanuginosus, Thymus leucospermus, Thymus leucotrichus, Thymus longicaulis, Thymus longiflorus, Thymus mandschuricus, Thymus marschallianus, Thymus mastichina, Thymus membranaceus, Thymus mongolicus, Thymus moroderi, Thymus nervulosus, Thymus nummulalis nummularis, Thymus odoratissimus, Thymus pallasianus, Thymus pallidus, Thymus pannonicus, Thymus praecox, Thymus proximus, Thymus pseudolanuginosus, Thymus pulegioides, Thymus quinquecostatus, Thymus richardii, Thymus satureioides, Thymus serpyllum, Thymus sibtrupii These include the species Thymus sibthorpii, Thymus striatus, Thymus thracicus, Thymus villosus, Thymus vulgaris and Thymus zygis.

[0077] In some embodiments, the Thymus extract is an extract of Thymus vulgaris, hi other embodiments, the Thymus extract is an extract of Thymus vulgaris leaves.

[0078] The genus Origanum is another perennial herbaceous group of plants in the family Lamiaceae, and includes, among others, Origanum acutidens, Origanum adanense, Origanum adonidis, Origanum akhdarense, Origanum amanum, Origanum barbarae, Origanum bargyli, Origanum bilgeri, Origanum boissieri, Origanum calcaratum, Origanum compactum, Origanum cordifolium, Origanum arbutifolius ... cordifolium, Origanum cyrenaicum, Origanum dayi, Origanum dictamnus, Origanum dolichosiphon, Origanum ehrenbergii, Origanum elongatum, Origanum floribundum, Origanum haradjanii, Origanum haussknechtii, Origanum husnucan-baseri, Origanum hypericifolium, Origanum intercedens intercedens, Origanum intermedium, Origanum isthmicum, Origanum jordanicum, Origanum laevigatumlaevigatum, Origanum leptocladum, Origanum libanoticum, Origanum majorana, Origanum lirium, Origanum majoricum, Origanum microphyllum, Origanum minoanum, Origanum minutiflorum, Origanum munzurense, Origanum nebrodense, Origanum onites, Origanum pabotii, Origanum pampaniniii pampaninii, Origanum petraeum, Origanum punonense, Origanum ramonense, Origanum rotundifolium, Origanum saccatum, Origanum scabrum, Origanum sipyleum, Origanum solymicum, Origanum symes, Origanum syriacum, Origanum vetteri, Origanum bogeyi vogelii, and Origanum vulgare species.

[0079] In some embodiments, the origanum extract is an extract of Origanum vulgare, hi other embodiments, the origanum extract is an extract of Origanum vulgare leaves.

[0080] The Cymbopogon genus is a group of plants in the family Poaceae, including, among others, Cymbopogon ambiguous, Cymbopogon annamensis, Cymbopogon bhutanicus, Cymbopogon bombycinus, Cymbopogon caesius, Cymbopogon calcicole, Cymbopogon calciphilus, Cymbopogon cambogiensis, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon clandestinus, Cymbopogon serrata ... clandestinus, Cymbopogon coloratus, Cymbopogon commutatus, Cymbopogon densiflorus, Cymbopogon dependens, Cymbopogon dieterlenii, Cymbopogon distans, Cymbopogon exsertus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Cymbopogon gidarba, Cymbopogon giganteus, Cymbopogon globosus globosus, Cymbopogon goeringii, Cymbopogon gratus, Cymbopogon jwarancusa, Cymbopogon khasianus, Cymbopogon liangshanensisliangshanensis, Cymbopogon mandalaiaensis, Cymbopogon marginatus, Cymbopogon martini, Cymbopogon mekongensis, Cymbopogon microstachys, Cymbopogon microthecus, Cymbopogon minor, Cymbopogon minutiflorus, Cymbopogon nardus, Cymbopogon nervatus, Cymbopogon obtectus obtectus, Cymbopogon osmastonii, Cymbopogon pendulus, Cymbopogon polyneuros, Cymbopogon pospischilii, Cymbopogon procerus, Cymbopogon pruinosus, Cymbopogon queenslandicus, Cymbopogon quinhonensis, Cymbopogon rectus, Cymbopogon refractus refractus, Cymbopogon schoenanthus, Cymbopogon tortilis, Cymbopogon tungmaiensis, Cymbopogon winterianus, and Cymbopogon xichangensis.xichangensis species.

[0081] In some embodiments, the Cymbopogon extract is an extract of Cymbopogon citratus, hi other embodiments, the Dill extract is an extract of Cymbopogon citratus leaves.

[0082] In some embodiments, the dill extract is an extract of Anethum graveolens. In other embodiments, the dill extract is an extract of Anethum graveolens seeds.

[0083] The genus Myrtaceae is a group of flowering plants in the Myrtaceae family, including, inter alia, Syzygium alliiligneum, Syzygium amplifolium, Syzygium andamanicum, Syzygium anisatum, Syzygium anisosepalum, Syzygium angophoroides, Syzygium antisepticum, Syzygium aqueum, Syzygium aromaticum, Syzygium australianum, Syzygium arbutifoli ... austral, Syzygium beddomei, Syzygium bourdillonii, Syzygium canicortex, Syzygium caryophyllatum, Syzygium chanlos, Syzygium chavaran, Syzygium cinereum, Syzygium conglomeratum, Syzygium contractum, Syzygium cordatum, Syzygium cordifolium, Syzygium cormiflorum, Syzygium corynanthum, Syzygium corynocarpa, Syzygium courtallense, Syzygium crebrinerve, Syzygium cumini, Syzygium craniicurranii, Syzygium densiflorum, Syzygium diffusum, Syzygium discophorum, Syzygium duthieanum, Syzygium dyerianum, Syzygium elegans, Syzygium erythrocalyx, Syzygium eucalyptoides, Syzygium fergusonii, Syzygium fibrosum, Syzygium physiensis fijiense, Syzygium flosculiferum, Syzygium forte, Syzygium formosanum, Syzygium francisii, Syzygium fullagarii, Syzygium glaucum, Syzygium gracilipes, Syzygium graeme-andersoniae, Syzygium grande, Syzygium guehoi, Syzygium gustavioides gustavioides, Syzygium guineense, Syzygium hodgkinsoniae, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium jasminifolium, Syzygium kemamanense, Syzygium kiahii, Syzygium coulderusianumkoordersianum, Syzygium kuranda, Syzygium leucoxylon, Syzygium luehmannii, Syzygium maire, Syzygium makul, Syzygium malaccense, Syzygium manii, Syzygium maingayi, Syzygium megacarpum, Syzygium micranthum, Syzygium microphyllum, Syzygium minus minus, Syzygium monimioides, Syzygium moorei, Syzygium myhendrae, Syzygium neesianum, Syzygium nemestrinum, Syzygium nervosum, Syzygium oblatum, Syzygium occidentale, Syzygium oleosum, Syzygium oliganthum, Syzygium oleophilum oreophilum, Syzygium palghatense, Syzygium paniculatum, Syzygium parameswaranii, Syzygium patentinerve, Syzygium papyraceum, Syzygium pauper, Syzygium pendenspendens, Syzygium perakense, Syzygium pergamentaceum, Syzygium phaeophyllum, Syzygium politum, Syzygium polyanthum, Syzygium pondoense, Syzygium praineanum, Syzygium pseudofastigiatum, Syzygium purpureum, Syzygium quadrangulatum, Syzygium quadrangulatum The species include: Syzygium quadribracteatum, Syzygium ramavarmae, Syzygium revolutum, Syzygium richii, Syzygium samarangense, Syzygium sandwicensis, Syzygium smithii, Syzygium suborbiculare, Syzygium syzygioides, and Syzygium travancoricum.

[0084] In some embodiments, the Myrtaceae extract is an extract of Syzygium aromaticum, hi other embodiments, the Myrtaceae extract is an extract of Syzygium aromaticum flowers or buds.

[0085] Nigella is a genus of annual plants in the Ranunculaceae family, including, among others, Nigella arvensis, Nigella carpatha, Nigella damascena, Nigella degenii, Nigella deserti, Nigella doerfleri, Nigella elata, Nigella fumariifola, Nigella hispanica, Nigella latisecta, Nigella nigellastrum, Nigella orientalis, Nigella oxypetala, Nigella These include the species Nigella oxypetala, Nigella papillosa, Nigella sativa, Nigella segetalis, Nigella stricta and Nigella unguicularis.

[0086] In some embodiments, the Nigella extract is an extract of Nigella sativa, hi other embodiments, the Nigella extract is an extract of Nigella sativa seeds.

[0087] The genus Pimenta is a group of flowering plants in the Myrtaceae family, including, among others, Pimenta adenoclada, Pimenta berciliae, Pimenta cainitoides, Pimenta dioica (allspice), Pimenta ferruginea, Pimenta filipes, Pimenta guatemalensis, Pimenta haitiensis, Pimenta intermedia, Pimenta jamaicensis, Pimenta obscura, Pimenta odorens, Pimenta purpurea ... odiolens, Pimenta oligantha, Pimenta podocarpoides, Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus, Pimenta racemosa, Pimenta samanensis, Pimenta richardii, and Pimenta yumana species.

[0088] In some embodiments, the Pimenta extract is an extract of Pimenta dioica, hi other embodiments, the Pimenta extract is an extract of Pimenta dioica fruit.

[0089] According to some embodiments, the additional plant extract may be selected from at least one additional plant source, including Cinnamomum cassia extract, Paeonia lactiflora extract, Salvia officinalis extract, Magnolia officinalis extract, Commiphora myrrha extract, Boswellia serrata extract, Dipterocarpus turbinatus extract, Copaiba langsdorffii extract, Malpighia emarginata extract, Malpighia glabra extract, Thymus vulgaris extract, or the like. vulgaris extract, Origanum vulgare extract, Cymbopogon citratus extract, Anethum graveolens extract, Syzygium aromaticum extract, Nigella sativa extract, Pimenta dioica extract, maltol extracted from plant sources and mixtures thereof.

[0090] According to some other embodiments, the additional plant extract is Cinnamomum cassia bark or twig extract, Paeonia lactiflora root extract, Salvia officinalis leaf extract, Magnolia officinalis bark extract, Commiphora myrrha resin extract, Boswellia serrata resin extract, Dipterocarpus turbinatus resin extract, Copaiba langsdorffii resin or bark extract, Malpighia glabra or Malpighia emarginata fruit extract, Thymus vulgaris extract, or the like. vulgaris leaf extract, Origanum vulgare leaf extract, Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract, Anethum graveolens seed extract, Syzygium aromaticum flower or bud extract, Nigella sativa seed extract, Pimenta dioica fruit extract, maltol and mixtures thereof.

[0091] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an antimicrobial composition comprising an antimicrobially effective amount of a mixture of agents, the mixture of agents consisting of at least one saponin extract, at least one plant extract from at least one plant species selected from the genera Styrax, Balsamudina and / or Mylocarpus and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from the at least one plant species and the additional plant source.

[0092] In another embodiment, an antimicrobial composition comprising an antimicrobial effective amount of a mixture of agents, the mixture of agents being selected from a saponin extract selected from Camellia oleifera extract, Camellia sinensis extract, Quillaja saponaria extract, Sapindus mukorossi extract, Sapindus saponaria extract, and Saponaria officinalis extract, and any mixtures thereof; Styrax paralleloneurus (Sumatra benzoin), Styrax tonkinensis (Siamese benzoin), Styrax formosanus, Styrax peruvianum (Siberian benzoin), Styrax oleifera extract, Camellia sinensis extract, Quillaja saponaria extract, Sapindus mukorossi extract, Sapindus saponaria extract, and Saponaria officinalis extract, and any mixtures thereof; Styrax extracts from Styrax peruvianum, Styrax tolu and mixtures thereof;As well as Cinnamomum cassia, Paeonia lactiflora, Salvia officinalis, Magnolia officinalis, Commiphora myrrha, Boswellia serrata, Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Copaiba langsdorffii, Malpighia emarginata, Malpighia glabra, Thymus vulgaris, Origanum vulgare, vulgare, Cymbopogon citratus, Anethum graveolens, Syzygium aromaticum, Nigella sativa, Pimenta dioica, and at least one plant extract from an additional plant source selected from maltol extracted from a plant source; and, optionally, at least one additive.

[0093] Yet further embodiments provide additional compositions consisting of a combination of at least one saponin extract, at least one plant extract from at least one plant species selected from the genera Styrax, Balsamudina and / or Mylocarpus and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from said at least one plant species and said additional plant source.

[0094] The term additional composition (or additional formulation) is meant to refer to a composition that is added to another, already prepared composition. For example, the additional composition may be added to a wide variety of other products, such as shampoos, soaps, creams, lotions, etc., to provide these products with desired properties. Such properties may be antibacterial activity, foaming, viscosity modification, improved absorbance, etc. It should be noted that the additional formulation may be formulated separately from the composition of the product and then added to the product. However, it should be understood that each of the components of the additional formulation may be added individually to the composition of the product in any desired order of addition.

[0095] The composition of the present disclosure can be prepared by any method for preparing a composition of materials that is generally used.For example, the components of the composition can be added as solid and mixed together, or one of the components can be added to the other in the form of solution, and if necessary, can be evaporated or freeze-dried after mixing to obtain a homogeneous solution.

[0096] In another embodiment, (a) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract and maltol; (b) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, maltol, and citric acid; (c) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp. and an extract of the Cinnamomum spp.; (d) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamon extract and maltol; (e) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of Styrax spp., and an extract of Magnolia spp.; (f) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., and an extract of the Paeonia spp.; (g) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of Styrax spp., an extract of Cinnamomum spp., citric acid and maltol; (h) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamon extract, and citric acid; (i) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamon extract, a Paeonia extract, citric acid and maltol; (j) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., an extract of the Cinnamon spp., and an extract of the Cardamom spp.; (k) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract, and shikimic acid; (l) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Nigella sativa extract; (m) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Pimenta dioica extract; (n) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Cymbopogon citrus extract; (o) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Salvia officinalis leaf extract; (p) A composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax genus, and an extract of Malpighia emarginata (q) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Thymus vulgaris extract; (r) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax genus, and an extract of Origanum vulgare; and (s) A composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax genus, and an extract of Syzygium aromaticum Antimicrobial compositions are provided that are selected from:

[0097] In another aspect (a) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract and maltol; (b) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, maltol, and citric acid; (c) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract and a Cinnamomum cassia extract; (d) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract and maltol; (e) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Magnolia officinalis extract; (f) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Paeonia lactiflora extract; (g) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract, citric acid and maltol; (h) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract, and citric acid; (i) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract, a Paeonia lactiflora extract, citric acid and maltol; (j) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract, and a Salvia officinalis extract; and (k) A composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., an extract of Cinnamomum cassia, and shikimic acid. Antimicrobial compositions are provided that are selected from:

[0098] According to some embodiments, the composition comprises at least 0.04 wt% maltol, at least 0.075 wt% Sapindus mukorossi extract, and 0.025 wt% Styrax extract.

[0099] According to other embodiments, the composition comprises at least 0.04 wt% maltol, at least 0.075 wt% Sapindus mukorossi extract, and at least 0.003 wt% citric acid.

[0100] According to some other embodiments, the composition comprises at least 0.02 wt% maltol, at least 0.0375 wt% Sapindus mukorossi extract, 0.0125 wt% Styrax extract, and at least 0.0015 wt% citric acid.

[0101] As described further below, the compositions of the present disclosure exhibit antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for a wide variety of applications, for example, in the cosmetic, therapeutic, food, and material preservation fields.

[0102] Thus, the compositions of the present disclosure can be formulated into a wide variety of formulations, such as cosmetic formulations, therapeutic formulations, antibacterial formulations, food additive formulations and preservative formulations. Each of the aforementioned formulations may further comprise an excipient, diluent or carrier suitable for the particular application, together with at least one additional additive as disclosed herein.

[0103] In another of its aspects, the present disclosure provides a cosmetic or cleansing formulation comprising a composition of the present disclosure as defined in the various embodiments above.

[0104] Cosmetic / cleansing preparations are typically formulated in a form suitable for topical application, including a cosmetically or dermatologically acceptable medium, i.e. a medium suitable for application to the skin of a subject (human or non-human). The medium may be in the form of an aqueous or aqueous alcoholic solution, an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, a microemulsion, an aqueous or anhydrous gel, a serum, otherwise a vesicular dispersion, a patch, a cream, a spray, a salve, an ointment, a lotion, a gel, a solution, a suspension, or any other known cosmetically acceptable form. Alternatively, the preparation may be formulated for application to human skin, hair, eyelashes, eyebrows, or nails.

[0105] In addition, the formulations may contain other standard additives, such as emollients, humectants, thickeners, emulsifiers, neutralizing agents, colorants, fragrances, absorbents or filters, preservatives and / or gelling agents, fillers such as nylon, sunscreens, electrolytes, proteins, antioxidants and chelating agents, such as those described below.

[0106] Additionally, the formulation may also contain at least one active ingredient such as a peptide active ingredient, a vegetable extract, an anti-aging agent, an anti-wrinkle agent, a soothing agent, a radical scavenger, a UV absorber, an agent stimulating the synthesis or energy metabolism of dermal macromolecules, a hydrating agent, an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anesthetic agent, an agent regulating skin differentiation, pigmentation or depigmentation, an agent stimulating nail or hair growth, etc.

[0107] In some embodiments, each of the aforementioned additives / active ingredients is generally present in an amount of about 0.1-30 wt % of the total weight of the formulation.

[0108] Suitable emollients for use in cosmetic / cleansing formulations include, for example, optionally hydroxy-substituted C8-C 50 Unsaturated fatty acids and their esters, C8-C 30 Saturated fatty acids C1 to C 24Esters such as isopropyl myristate, cetyl palmitate and octyldodecyl myristate (Wickenol 142), beeswax, saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols such as behenyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol, hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, petrolatum, squalane, fatty sorbitan esters, lanolin and lanolin derivatives such as lanolin alcohol, ethoxylated, hydroxylated and acetylated lanolin, cholesterol and their derivatives, animal and vegetable triglycerides, such as almond oil, peanut oil, wheat germ oil, linseed oil, jojoba oil, apricot pit, walnut, palm nut, pistachio nut, sesame seed oil, rapeseed oil, juniper oil, corn oil, peach pit oil, poppy seed oil, pine oil, castor oil, soybean oil, avocado oil, safflower oil, coconut oil, hazelnut oil, olive oil, grape seed oil, and sunflower seed oil, as well as C1-C dimer and trimer acids. 24 Esters include, for example, diisopropyl dimerate, diisostearyl malate, diisostearyl dimerate, and triisostearyl trimerate.

[0109] In some embodiments, emollients used in the formulation include isocetyl alcohol, octyl palmitate, isostearyl neopentanoate and isocetyl stearyl stearate, natural or synthetic oils selected from mineral oils, vegetable oils, animal oils, fats and waxes, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycol ethers and their esters, fatty acids and mixtures.

[0110] Emollients may be used individually or in mixtures and may be present in the compositions of the present disclosure in an amount of about 1% to about 98% by weight, and in some embodiments, in an amount of about 5% to about 15% by weight of the total formulation.

[0111] Suitable emulsifiers for use in cosmetic / cleansing formulations according to the present disclosure include glyceryl stearate and laureth 23, PEG 20 stearate, and mink-amidopropyl dimethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride.

[0112] Typical humectants are glycerin, petrolatum and maleated vegetable oils.

[0113] The formulation may also contain a hydrophilic gelling agent, which may be selected from water soluble polymers or colloidal water soluble polymers such as cellulose ethers (e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose), polyvinyl alcohol, polyquaternium-10, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, xanthan gum, aloe vera gel, amla, carrageenan, oat flour, starch (from corn, rice or other plants), gelatin (pig skin), gum ghatti, gum arabic, inulin (from chicory), konjac gum, locust bean gum, marshmallow root, pectin, quinoa extract, red algae, sola gum and tragacanth gum (TG).

[0114] In further embodiments, the hydrophilic gelling agent is selected from acrylic acid / ethyl acrylate copolymers and carboxyvinyl polymers sold by BF Goodrich under the trademark Carbopol resins. These resins consist essentially of colloidal water-soluble polyalkenyl polyether crosslinked polymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with 0.75% to 2.00% of a crosslinking agent such as polyallyl sucrose or polyallyl pentaerythritol. Examples include Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, Carbopol 950, Carbopol 980, Carbopol 951 and Carbopol 981. Carbopol 934 is a water-soluble polymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with about one polyallyl ether of sucrose having an average of about 5.8 allyl groups per each sucrose molecule. Also suitable for use herein are hydrophobically modified crosslinked polymers of acrylic acid with amphiphilic properties, available under the trade names Carbopol 1382, Carbopol 1342 and Pemulen TR-1. Combinations of polyalkenyl polyether crosslinked acrylic acid polymers and hydrophobically modified crosslinked acrylic acid polymers are also suitable for use herein.

[0115] Other suitable gelling agents for use herein are oleogels such as trihydroxystearin and magnesium aluminum hydroxystearate.

[0116] In some embodiments, the gelling agent is present in the cosmetic / cleansing formulation in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10% of the total weight of the formulation. In some embodiments, the formulation includes a hydrophilic gelling agent in an amount of about 0.02% to about 2%. In other embodiments, the amount of gelling agent is about 0.02% to about 0.5%.

[0117] The cosmetic / cleansing formulations also include crosslinked maleic anhydride-alkyl methyl vinyl ethers and copolymers, carbomers, natural gums, pore sizes of about 0.01 to about 0.05 μm and surface areas of 200 to 300 m, commercially available as Stabilize QM (International Specialty Products (ISP)). 2 The composition may also contain a thickening agent such as a highly crosslinked polymethacrylic acid copolymer such as Microspongess 5647, which takes the form of generally spherical particles of crosslinked hydrophobic polymers having a viscosity of 200 s / g.

[0118] Neutralizing agents suitable for use in the cosmetic / cleansing formulations which neutralize acid group-containing hydrophilic gelling agents as listed herein include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine and aminomethylpropanol.

[0119] In some embodiments, the cosmetic / cleansing formulation includes one or more UV absorbers. UV absorbers, often described as sunscreens, may be present in a concentration of about 1% to about 25% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. According to some embodiments, the UV absorbers comprise about 2% to 15% by weight. According to other embodiments, the UV absorbers comprise about 4% to about 10% by weight. Non-limiting examples of UV absorbers include benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, dimethyl PABA octyl (padimate 0), octyl methoxycinnamate, octyl salicylate, octocrylene, p-methylbenzylidene camphor, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Parsol 1789), titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and mixtures thereof.

[0120] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides an antibacterial formulation comprising the composition disclosed herein.

[0121] The antimicrobial formulation is effective in reducing or eliminating microbial populations or biofilms of such microorganisms. As shown herein, the formulation provides antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganisms, specifically against a broad range of bacteria. The term microorganism, as used herein, refers to single cell (unicellular), cell mass, or cell-free (acellular) organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, molds, archaea, protists, viruses, and algae.

[0122] In some embodiments, the microorganism may be selected from the group consisting of Acinetobacter baumannii, Anaerococcus sp, Anaerococcus prevotii, Bordetella pertussis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella abortus, Brucella canis, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Burkholderia cepacia, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia pneumonia, Chlamydia psittaci, and the like. psittaci, Chlamydia trachomatis, Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Corynebacterium diphtheria, Cutibacterium acnes, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli coli) (E. coli), Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Enteropathogenic E.coli, Francisella tularensis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Halomonas elongate, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella oxytoca, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Legionella pneumophila, Leptospira interrogans, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculosis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rickettsia rickettsii, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus saprophyticus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pneumoniaeThe bacterium is selected from the group consisting of S. pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Treponema pallidum, Vibrio cholera, Vibrio harveyi, and Yersinia pestis.

[0123] In some embodiments, the microorganism may be selected from the group consisting of Absidia corymbifera, Ajellomyces capsulatus, Ajellomyces dermatitidis, Arthroderma benhamiae, Arthroderma fulvum, Arthroderma gypseum, Arthroderma incurvatum, Arthroderma otae, Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger ... fumigates, Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus brasiliensis), Aspergillus terreus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Candida albicans var. stellatoidea, Candida dublinensis, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida periclosa pelliculosa, Candida tropicalis, Cladophialophora carrionii, Coccidioides immitisimmitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cunninghamella sp., Epidermophyton floccosum, Exophiala dermatitidis, Filobasidia neoformans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Geotrichum candidum, Histoplasma capsulatum, Hortaea werneckii, Issatschenkia orientalis, Madurella grisae, Malassezia furfur furfur, Malassezia furfur complex, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia obtuse, Malassezia pachydermatis, Malassezia restricta, Malassezia slooffiae, Malassezia sympodialis, Microsporum canis, Microsporum fulvum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum gypseum complex, Microsporum gypseum gypseum, Mucor circinelloides, Nectria haematococca, Paecilomyces variotiivariotii, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Penicillium marneffei, Phialophora verrucosa, Pichia anomala, Pichia guilliermondii, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Pseudallescheria boydii, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhodotorula rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Scedosporium apiospermum apiospermum, Schizophyllum commune, Sporothrix schenckii, Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton verrucosum, Trichophyton violaceum violaceum, Trichosporon asahii, Trichosporon cutaneum, Trichosporon cutaneum complexThe fungus is selected from Trichosporon inkin, Trichosporon mucoides and Wickerhamomyces anomalus.

[0124] In some embodiments, the microorganism may be selected from the group consisting of Candida albicans, Candida albicans var. stellatoidea, Candida dublinensis, Candida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, Candida pelliculosa, Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Filobasidiella neoformans, Geotrichum candidum, and the like. candidum, Issatschenkia orientalis, Malassezia furfur, Malassezia pachydermatis, Pichia anomala, Pichia guilliermondii, Pityrosporum ovale, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Rhodotorula rubra, Trichosporon asahii, Trichosporon cutaneum, Trichosporon inkin and Trichosporon mucoides. The yeast is selected from the group consisting of yeasts ...

[0125] In some embodiments, the microorganism may be selected from the group consisting of Absidia corymbifera, Arthroderma benhamiae, Arthroderma fulvum, Arthroderma gypseum, Arthroderma incurvatum, Arthroderma otae, Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Cladophialophora caryophyllus, and the like. carrionii, Coccidioides immitis, Epidermophyton floccosum, Exophiala dermatitidis, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Hortaea werneckii, Madurella grisae, Microsporum canis, Microsporum fulvum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum gypseum, Mucor circinelloides, circinelloides, Nectria haematococca, Paecilomyces variotii, Paracoccidioides braziliensisbrasiliensis, Penicillium marneffei, Pseudallescheria boydii, Rhizopus oryzae, Scedosporium apiospermum, Schizophyllum commune, Sporothrix schenckii, Stachybotrys chartarum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton The mold is selected from Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton verrucosum and Trichophyton violaceum.

[0126] According to some embodiments of the disclosure, the antibacterial formulations disclosed herein are capable of inhibiting or preventing the following: Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Saccharomyces spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, A. niger, L. acidophilus, Aspergillus terreus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Penicillium marneffei, Acinetobacter baumannii, baumannii, Pityrosporum ovale, Staphylococcus capitis, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Anaerococcus prevotii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Cutibacterium acnes, Halomonas elongate, and / or Gardnerella vaginalis.

[0127] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the antibacterial formulations disclosed herein are effective against bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Saccharomyces, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and A. niger.

[0128] In some embodiments, the composition of the present disclosure shows delayed antimicrobial activity.In other words, the composition is designed to eliminate unwanted microorganisms for a long period of time (e.g., several days after exposure), but has no effect or has a significantly reduced effect when microorganisms are exposed to the composition for a short period of time.The composition does not have a significant antimicrobial effect when exposed for a short period of time, making the composition friendly to skin microflora for a period suitable for applying the composition to skin, but shows antimicrobial effect after longer exposure, for example, in the storage conditions of cosmetics (e.g., creams, lotions, gels, etc.) with which the composition is combined. Such delayed antimicrobial effect makes it possible to provide a composition that can be used to preserve cosmetic formulations for extended periods against the growth of unwanted microbiological contaminants (e.g. Escherichia coli (E. Coli), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, A. niger) when the microorganisms are continuously exposed to the composition, while maintaining the desirable and beneficial microflora of the skin (e.g. S. capitis, S. epidermis or S. hominis) when the cosmetic formulation is applied thereon.

[0129] Therefore, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a composition having delayed antibacterial activity, the composition comprising at least one saponin extract, an extract from at least one plant species selected from the genus Styrax (Stryachna extract), the genus Balsamblage (Miroxylon extract), the genus Mylocarpus (Milocarpus extract) and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from the plant species of Styrax, Balsamblage, or Milocarpus, and the additional plant source.

[0130] In some embodiments, the composition exhibits observable antimicrobial activity from at least 5 hours of continuous exposure of the microorganism to the composition, hi other embodiments, the composition exhibits antimicrobial activity from at least 8 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 24 hours, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, or even at least 5 days of continuous exposure of the microorganism to the composition.

[0131] In some embodiments, the additional plant extract is selected from Cinnamomum extract, Paeonia extract, Cinnamon extract, Magnolia extract, Commiphora extract, Boswellia extract, Dipterocarpus extract, Copaiba extract, Hollyhock extract, Thymus extract, Origanum extract, Cymbidium extract, Anethum extract, Myrtacea extract, Nigella extract, Pimenta extract, and maltol extracted from plant sources, and mixtures thereof.

[0132] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides therapeutic formulations (pharmaceutical compositions) comprising the compositions of the present disclosure described herein.

[0133] The pharmaceutical formulations of the present disclosure can be effective in treating and / or preventing a wide variety of diseases and disorders.As shown herein below, the formulations provide antimicrobial activity against a broad range of microorganisms, as defined herein.In some embodiments, the disease or disorder to be treated is associated with bacterial infection, fungal infection or viral infection.

[0134] Non-limiting examples of diseases or disorders associated with bacterial infections include Lyme disease, brucellosis, acute enteritis, psittacosis, nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), trachoma, neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis (ICN), lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), botulism, pseudomembranous colitis, gas gangrene, acute food poisoning, anaerobic cellulitis, tetanus, diphtheria, hospital-acquired infections, urinary tract infections (UTI), diarrhea, meningitis, infantile meningitis, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, tularemia, upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, secondary pneumonia, bronchitis, These include peptic ulcer, Legionnaires' disease, gastric B-cell lymphoma, Pontiac fever, leptospirosis, listeriosis, leprosy, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, ophthalmia neonatorum, meningococcal infection, Waterhouse-Friedrichsen's disease, localized infections (of the eye, ear, skin, urinary tract, respiratory tract), dental caries, gastrointestinal infections, central nervous system infections, systemic infections with bacteremia, bone and joint infections, endocarditis, typhoidal salmonellosis, dysentery, colitis, salmonellosis with gastroenteritis and enteritis, bacillary dysentery / shigellosis, hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever, impetigo and erysipelas, puerperal fever, gangrenous fasciitis, syphilis, congenital syphilis and cholera.

[0135] In some embodiments, the bacterial disease or disorder is associated with a Staphylococcus aureus infection or an E. coli infection or a Salmonella infection, and the disease or disorder is selected from the following:

[0136] Staphylococcus spp.: coagulase-positive staphylococcal infections such as localized skin infections, diffuse skin infections (impetigo), deep and localized infections, acute infective endocarditis, septicemia, necrotizing pneumonia, toxemia, toxic shock syndrome, staphylococcal food poisoning, infections of implanted prostheses, e.g. heart valves and catheters, and cystitis in women;

[0137] Escherichia coli (E. coli): urinary tract infection (UTI), diarrhea, infantile meningitis, traveler's diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome;

[0138] Salmonella: typhoidal salmonellosis, dysentery, colitis, e.g., salmonellosis with gastroenteritis and enteritis.

[0139] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition is used in the treatment or prevention of a disease or disorder associated with a fungal infection. In some embodiments, the pathogen is a yeast. In some other embodiments, the pathogen is a mold.

[0140] The pharmaceutical composition may be adapted for administration by a variety of routes, including topical, oral, rectal, vaginal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, ophthalmic and intranasal. Such pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by methods well known in the pharmaceutical art. In preparing pharmaceutical compositions, the aforementioned components are usually mixed with excipients, diluted with excipients, or encapsulated in carriers that can be manipulated into desired forms. Based on the specific administration method, the pharmaceutical composition may be formulated into tablets, pills, capsules, sachets, granules, powders, chewing gums, suspensions, emulsions and solutions.

[0141] Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, such as solvents, adjuvants, excipients, or diluents, are well known to those skilled in the art and are generally readily available. It is preferred that the pharma-ceutically acceptable carrier is chemically inert to the active formulation and its respective components, and has no adverse side effects or toxicity under the conditions of use.

[0142] The choice of carrier will be determined in part by the particular formulation, as well as the particular method used to administer the composition. Accordingly, there are many different suitable formulations of pharmaceutical compositions.

[0143] Formulations suitable for oral administration may consist of (a) an effective amount of the compound dissolved in a liquid solution, such as a diluent, such as water, saline, or juice (e.g., orange juice), or a composition containing the compound; (b) capsules, sachets, tablets, lozenges, and troches, each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient as a solid or granular form; (c) powders; (d) suspensions in a suitable liquid; and (e) suitable emulsions. Liquid formulations may contain diluents such as water and alcohol, e.g., ethanol, benzyl alcohol, and polyethylene alcohol, with or without the addition of a pharma- ceutically acceptable surfactant, suspending agent, or emulsifying agent. Capsule forms may be, for example, of the ordinary hard- or soft-shelled gelatin type containing surfactants, lubricants, and inert fillers, such as lactose, sucrose, calcium phosphate, and corn starch. In tablet form, the active ingredient may be one or more of lactose, sucrose, mannitol, corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid, microcrystalline cellulose, acacia, gelatin, guar gum, colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, stearic acid, and other excipients, coloring agents, diluents, buffers, disintegrants, wetting agents, preservatives, flavoring agents, and pharmacologically compatible carriers. In lozenge form, the active ingredient may be in a flavor, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth, and in a pastille containing the active ingredient in an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia, in addition to the active ingredient, in an emulsion, gel, etc. containing a carrier as known in the art.

[0144] The formulations of the present disclosure can be made into aerosol formulations, alone or in combination with other suitable components, such as active or inactive additives / ingredients, to be administered by inhalation.These aerosol formulations can be placed in pressurized propellants, such as dichlorodifluoromethane, propane, nitrogen, etc.Aerosol formulations can also be formulated as pharmaceuticals for non-pressurized preparations, such as in nebulizers or atomizers.

[0145] Formulations suitable for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions, which may include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions containing antioxidants, buffers, bacteriostats, and solutes that render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient, as well as suspending agents, solubilizing agents, thickening agents, stabilizers, and preservatives. The formulations may be administered in a physiologically acceptable diluent in a pharmaceutical carrier such as a sterile liquid or mixture of liquids including water, saline, aqueous dextrose and related sugar solutions, alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, or hexadecyl alcohol, glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol, glycerol ketals such as 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol, poly(ethylene glycol) 400, oils, fatty acids, fatty acid esters or glycerides, or ethers such as acetylated fatty acid glycerides, with or without the addition of pharma- ceutically acceptable surfactants such as soaps or detergents, suspending agents such as pectin, carbomer, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or carboxymethylcellulose, or emulsifying agents and other excipients.

[0146] The oil that can be used in parenteral formulations includes petroleum, animal, vegetable, or synthetic oils.Specific examples of oils include peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, petrolatum, and mineral oil.Suitable fatty acids for use in parenteral formulations include oleic acid, stearic acid, and isostearic acid.Ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate are examples of suitable fatty acid esters. Suitable soaps for use in parenteral formulations include fatty alkali metal, ammonium, and triethanolamine salts, and suitable detergents include (a) cationic detergents, such as, for example, dimethyldialkylammonium halides, and alkylpyridinium halides; (b) anionic detergents, such as, for example, alkyl, aryl, and olefin sulfonates, alkyl, olefin, ether, and monoglyceride sulfates, and sulfosuccinates; (c) nonionic detergents, such as, for example, fatty amine oxides, fatty acid alkanolamides, and polyoxy-ethylene polypropylene copolymers; (d) amphoteric detergents, such as, for example, alkyl-β-aminopriopionates, and 2-alkyl-imidazoline quaternary ammonium salts, and (3) mixtures thereof.

[0147] To minimize or eliminate irritation at the site of injection, such compositions may contain one or more non-ionic surfactants having a hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance (HLB) of about 12 to about 17. The amount of surfactant in such formulations ranges from about 5 to about 15% by weight. Suitable surfactants include polyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, such as sorbitan monooleate, and high molecular weight adducts of ethylene oxide with hydrophobic bases formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol. Parenteral formulations may be presented in single- or multi-dose sealed containers, such as ampoules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of a sterile liquid carrier for injection, e.g., water, immediately prior to use. Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules, and tablets of the kind previously described.

[0148] The active formulation is effective over a wide dosage range and can generally be administered in a pharmacologic effective amount. However, it should be understood that the amount of the formulation or each component thereof to be administered will be determined by the physician in light of the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the selected route of administration, the actual formulation, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, etc.

[0149] In another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a use of a formulation of the disclosure as defined herein for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease or disorder in a mammal (human or non-human).

[0150] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided the use of a topical formulation of the present disclosure as defined herein for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing a disease or disorder in a mammal (human or non-human).

[0151] In some embodiments, the disease or disorder is associated with a bacteria, virus, fungus, yeast, or mold.

[0152] As used herein, the term treatment or any linguistic variation thereof refers to administering a therapeutic amount of a composition that is effective to alleviate undesirable symptoms associated with a disease, prevent the onset of symptoms before such symptoms occur, slow the progression of the disease, slow the worsening of symptoms, promote the onset of a period of remission, slow irreversible damage caused in the progressive chronic phase of the disease, delay the onset of said progressive phase, reduce the severity or cure the disease, improve survival or more rapid recovery, or prevent the onset of the disease form, or a combination of two or more of the above. An effective amount for the purposes disclosed herein is determined by such considerations as may be known in the art. The amount should be effective to achieve the desired therapeutic effect as described above, depending, inter alia, on the type and severity of the disease to be treated and the treatment regimen. An effective amount is typically determined in a properly designed clinical trial (dose ranging study), and one skilled in the art would know how to properly conduct such a study to determine the effective amount. As is generally known, the effective amount depends on a variety of factors including a variety of pharmacological parameters such as the affinity of the ligand to the receptor, its distribution profile in the body, its half-life in the body, any undesirable side effects, factors such as age and sex, etc.

[0153] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a preservative formulation comprising a composition of the present disclosure described herein.

[0154] The preservative formulations of the present disclosure can be used to reduce, inhibit, or completely eliminate pathogen populations in a wide variety of consumer products, such as personal care products, industrial products, food products, therapeutics, etc. As shown herein, the formulations can be used to replace currently available chemicals used as preservatives, some of which are known to be toxic to humans and animals, or to reduce their concentrations in such products for human or animal use. The preservative formulations can be added to any such product, such as aqueous or aqueous alcohol solutions, oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions, aqueous or anhydrous gels, creams, ointments, lotions, gels, solutions and suspensions of cosmetics and toiletries; therapeutics and non-prescription medicines, water-based paints, cutting oils, latex solutions, and food products such as beverages, frozen foods, candies, and canned goods.

[0155] In some embodiments, the formulations of the present disclosure are antimicrobial preservatives and demonstrate the ability of the formulation to inhibit microbial growth, reduce microbial infestation, treat products or surfaces to improve the resistance of the product to microbial infestation, reduce biofilm, remove biofilm, prevent bacterial conversion to biofilm, prevent or inhibit microbial infection, prevent spoilage, delay or minimize or prevent quorum sensing, and slow microbial proliferation. Typically, the preservative formulations according to the present disclosure include saponin and plant extracts at concentrations sufficient to prevent spoilage or microbial growth, thereby extending the shelf life or useful life of the product.

[0156] The formulations of the present disclosure may also be used as disinfectants or sanitizers. The formulations of the present disclosure may be applied to the surface to be disinfected, including human or animal skin, by a variety of means, including by washing, spraying, wiping, etc.

[0157] As used herein, the term about is meant to encompass ±10% variation from the specifically stated value of a parameter, such as temperature, pressure, concentration, and the like.

[0158] Whenever a numerical range is given herein, it is meant to include any recited numbers (fractional or integer) within the stated range. The phrases "varying / ranging between" a first specified number and a second specified number and "varying / ranging from" a first specified number to a second specified number are used interchangeably herein and are meant to include the first specified number and the second specified number, as well as all fractional and integer numbers therebetween.

[0159] For the avoidance of doubt, all concentrations of components in this disclosure are given as weight per weight (i.e., weight percent or wt%), unless expressly and / or specifically stated otherwise.

[0160] For a better understanding of the subject matter disclosed herein, and to illustrate how it may be carried out in practice, embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0161] [Figure 1A-D] 1A-1D are photographs of agar plates containing body lotion samples taken 3-4 hours after incubation with a mixture of representative microorganisms from the skin microbiome. The upper panel of each agar plate was plated with a representative mixture of microorganisms to provide a control for each experiment. The lower panel of each agar plate shows creams (with or without preservative) inoculated with the same amount of the mixture of microorganisms: in FIG. 1A, the lower part of the plate is the cream without preservative, in FIG. 1B, the lower part of the plate shows the use of a commercially available synthetic preservative, in FIG. 1C, the lower part of the plate shows the use of composition 5A according to Example 5, and in FIG. 1D, the lower part of the plate shows the use of composition 5B according to Example 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0162] Detailed Description of the Embodiments Example 1: Composition of Saponin Extract, Styrax Extract and Maltol in a Cream Formulation Preservative efficacy tests (PET) were performed to evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial effect between various combinations of saponin extract obtained from Sapindus mukorossi, Styrax extract (Sumatran benzoin) and maltol (obtained from fermented wheat). Antimicrobial efficacy was tested according to current ISO 11930 requirements. The test consisted of contacting a reference cream lotion with a defined inoculum of the appropriate microorganism. The test microorganisms used for PET are detailed in Table 1.

[0163] [Table 1]

[0164] Each sample was inoculated at time "0" and mixed with one of the microbial suspensions using a proportion equivalent to 1% inoculum on the product (200 μl inoculum for 20 g sample). The concentrations of the test microorganisms added to the cream were 1 × 10 for bacteria, 1 × 10 for bacteria, and 1 × 10 for bacteria in the cream immediately after inoculation. 5 ~1×10 6 CFU / g, 1×10 for mold 4 ~1×10 5 The CFU / g was determined.

[0165] Samples were stored at 20-25°C. Samples were taken at 7, 14 and 28 day intervals. At each time interval, 0.5g of sample was diluted 1:10 in TAT (neutralizer buffer). Using the pour plate method, 100μl of each diluted sample was plated onto TSA plates for bacteria and SDA plates for fungi. Each plating was done in duplicate. For A. brasiliensis only on day 7, a second dilution of 1:10 was prepared in TAT before plating (total 1:100 dilution).

[0166] The number of viable microorganisms per gram of mixture at each test interval was determined by pour plate count method. TSA plates were incubated at 30-35°C for 3-5 days unless reliable counts could be obtained in a shorter time. SDA plates were incubated at 20-25°C for 5-7 days or for a shorter period, if reliable counts could be obtained.

[0167] The counts obtained for all countable dilutions were used to calculate the mean CFU per gram of product / contact organism / time interval.Using the calculated concentration of organisms per gram of initial inoculum present as the baseline, the log10 change in concentration of CFU / g was calculated for each time interval and the change was expressed as log reduction.

[0168]

number

[0169] The log reduction results are given in Table 2. In the table below, AB, CA, PA, EC and SA refer to A. brasilliensis, C. albicans, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus, respectively.

[0170] [Table 2]

[0171] For P. aeruginosa, the synergistic effect of the SN / BZ / ML combination was confirmed with 0.2 wt% maltol combined with 0.75 wt% saponin extract and 0.25 wt% Styrax extract. For A. brasilliensis, the synergistic effect of the combination was confirmed with 0.04 wt% maltol combined with 0.15 wt% saponin extract and 0.05 wt% Styrax extract. For C. albicans, the synergistic effect was confirmed with 0.04 wt% maltol combined with 0.15 wt% saponin extract and 0.05 wt% Styrax extract.

[0172] Example 2: Composition of Saponin Extract, Styrax Extract, Maltol and Citric Acid in a Cream Formulation Preservative efficacy tests (PET) were performed on various combinations of saponin extract from Sapindus mukorossi, Styrax extract (Sumatran benzoin), maltol (obtained from fermented wheat) and citric acid as additives. The tests were performed as in Example 1. The log reduction results are given in Table 3.

[0173] [Table 3]

[0174] For C. albicans, combination synergy was observed with 0.04 wt% maltol combined with 0.075 wt% saponin extract, 0.025 wt% Styrax extract and 0.003 wt% citric acid. For S. aureus, combination synergy was observed with 0.02 wt% maltol combined with 0.0375 wt% saponin extract, 0.0125 wt% Styrax extract and 0.0015 wt% citric acid.

[0175] Example 3: Composition of saponins with maltol and Styrax extract as additional plant extracts in an agar dilution test with and without citric acid Agar dilution studies were performed to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effects between various combinations of saponin extract (Sapindus mukorossi) and Styrax extract (Sumatra benzoin) with maltol extracted from wheat as an additional plant extract.

[0176] The agar dilution test was carried out as follows: TSA (tryptic soy agar) or SDA (Sabouraud dextrose agar) medium was melted at 99 ± 2 ° C and kept warm (43 ± 2 ° C) until inoculation. Maltol and extract were added to a defined amount of growth medium and stirred. 5 ml of the mixture was poured into each test plate and allowed to cool and solidify. The plates were then inoculated with a defined amount of the test microorganism (for E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, TSA plates were used, for C. albicans and A. brasilliensis, SDA plates were used). The plates were incubated at 25-35 ° C for 24-48 hours and then evaluated for microbial growth. The agar dilution test gave test results that are independent of the formulation (e.g. cosmetic formulation) in which the composition is incorporated and can therefore be used as a good basis for comparing the activity of the compositions.

[0177] The test results for the combination of saponin with maltol and Styrax extract are detailed in Table 4, while the results for the composition of saponin and Styrax extract with maltol and citric acid are shown in Table 5. (+) indicates growth, (+ / -) indicates partial growth, while (-) indicates no growth. Positive controls were obtained by using commercially available preservatives.

[0178] [Table 4]

[0179] As can be seen, the composition of 0.2wt% maltol, 0.025wt% benzoin and 0.075wt% saponin extract showed antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms.For E. coli, a clear synergistic effect can be observed for the composition of 0.15wt% maltol, 0.05wt% benzoin and 0.15wt% saponin extract, for A. brasiliensis, a clear synergistic effect can be observed for the composition of 0.15wt% maltol, 0.025wt% benzoin and 0.08wt% saponin extract, while for both C. albicans and S. aureus, a clear synergistic effect is already shown for the composition of 0.04wt% maltol, 0.025wt% benzoin and 0.075wt% saponin.

[0180] [Table 5]

[0181] As can be seen, the composition of 0.2 wt% maltol, 0.125 wt% benzoin, 0.375 wt% saponin extract and 0.015 wt% citric acid showed antibacterial activity against all the tested microorganisms. For P. aeruginosa, a clear synergistic effect can be observed for the composition of 0.08 wt% maltol, 0.025 wt% benzoin, 0.075 wt% saponin extract and 0.015 wt% citric acid, while for S. aureus, a synergistic effect is shown for the composition of 0.075 wt% maltol, 0.05 wt% benzoin, 0.15 wt% saponin extract and 0.015 wt% citric acid.

[0182] Example 4: Composition of Saponin Extract, Styrax Extract (Benzoin Extract), and Additional Plant Extracts in an Agar Dilution Test Agar dilution tests were performed to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effects between various combinations of saponin extract (Sapindus mukorossi) and Styrax extract (Sumatra benzoin) with various additional plant extracts. The test protocol was as in Example 3.

[0183] The test extracts were Malpighia emarginata (acerola) fruit extract, Thymus vulgaris (thyme) leaf extract, Origanum vulgare leaf (oregano) extract, Syzygium aromaticum (clove) bud oil, Nigella sativa seed extract, Pimenta dioica fruit (allspice) extract, Magnolia officinalis bark extract, Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) leaf extract, and Paeonia lactiflora extract.

[0184] The test results are detailed in Table 6. (+) indicates growth, (+ / -) indicates partial growth, while (-) indicates no growth. Positive controls were obtained by using a commercially available preservative.

[0185] [Table 6]

[0186] As can be seen, the composition of 0.075 wt% saponin with 0.2 wt% allspice extract and 0.025 wt% Styrax spp. showed synergy in antibacterial activity against E. coli and partial synergy against A. brasiliensis. For the composition containing 0.2 wt% Magnolia extract, synergy was observed against A. brasiliensis. For the composition containing 0.2 wt% lemongrass extract, synergy was confirmed against C. albicans, S. aureus, and A. brasiliensis. For the composition containing 0.2 wt% Paeonia spp. extract, synergy was observed in antibacterial activity against C. albicans and A. brasiliensis.

[0187] Example 5: Delayed Antibacterial Activity Preservative efficacy testing (PET) was performed on two compositions: Composition 5A, containing 0.2 wt% maltol, 0.05 wt% Styrax extract (Sumatra benzoin) and 0.15 wt% saponin extract (Sapindus mukorossi), and Composition 5B, containing 0.2 wt% maltol, 0.125 wt% Styrax extract (Sumatra benzoin), 0.375 wt% saponin extract (Sapindus mukorossi), and 0.015 wt% citric acid. The test was performed according to the protocol of Example 1, but with a 5×10 6 concentration of S. aureus (SA). 6 CFU / ml, 5 × 10 of S. epidermidis (SE) 6 CFU / ml and 6.3 × 10 6 A mixture of both CFU / ml was inoculated. These microorganisms represent microorganisms naturally present on the skin and are part of the desired skin flora. Log reductions were recorded at the various test points, as shown in Table 7.

[0188] [Table 7]

[0189] As can be seen, in the creams containing compositions 5A and 5B, no reduction in microbial population was observed during the first 48 hours, suggesting that only after 48 hours the natural microflora of the skin is expected to be affected.However, in the case of the creams with synthetic preservatives, the elimination of the microflora is clearly observable starting from a few hours after exposure.Thus, unlike synthetic preservatives, the maltol / saponin / styrax compositions (with and without citric acid) are expected not to interfere with the natural microflora during the period that the formulations usually remain on the skin (several hours), but provide antibacterial activity against undesirable microorganisms in the cream, as shown in Examples 1-3 above.

[0190] This retarding effect is also shown in Figures 1A-1D, which are photographs of agar plates inoculated with a mixture of S. aureus, S. capitis, S. epidermis and S. hominis taken after 7 hours of incubation. The mixture of microorganisms represents the natural skin microflora. Figure 1A shows a sample of cream without any preservative. Figure 1B shows a sample of cream, the lower half of which contains a commercially available synthetic preservative (ethylhexylglycerin 1%) and the upper half of which does not contain a preservative, showing an almost complete removal of the microflora in the preserved area. In comparison, Figures 1C and 1D show a sample of cream, the lower half of which contains compositions 5A and 5B, respectively, and the upper half of which does not contain a preservative. Contrary to commercially available preservatives, no harm to the natural microflora was observed with compositions 5A and 5B, confirming the antimicrobial retarding effect of the compositions of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An antibacterial composition comprising at least one saponin extract, an extract from at least one plant species selected from the genus Styrax (Stryachna extract), the genus Balsamblage (Miroxylon extract), the genus Mylocarpus (Milocarpus extract), and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from the plant species of the genus Styrax, the genus Balsamblage, or the genus Mylocarpus, and the additional plant source.

2. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one additional plant extract is selected from Cinnamomum extract, Paeonia extract, Cinnamon extract, Magnolia extract, Commiphora extract, Boswellia extract, Dipterocarpus extract, Copaiba extract, Hollyhock extract, Thymus extract, Origanum extract, Cymbidium extract, Anethum extract, Myrtacea extract, Nigella extract, Pimenta extract, and maltol extracted from a plant source, and mixtures thereof.

3. The at least one additional botanical source is selected from the group consisting of Cinnamomum cassia extract, Paeonia lactiflora extract, Salvia officinalis extract, Magnolia officinalis extract, Commiphora myrrha extract, Boswellia serrata extract, Dipterocarpus turbinatus extract, Copaiba langsdorffii extract, Malpighia glabra or Malpighia emarginata extract, Thymus vulgaris extract, Origanum vulgare extract, and the like.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of: Citrus aurantium dulgare extract, Cymbopogon citratus extract, Anethum graveolens extract, Syzygium aromaticum extract, Nigella sativa extract, Pimenta dioica extract, and mixtures thereof.

4. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the additional plant extract is maltol extracted from a plant source.

5. 5. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the weight ratio between the extract of the additional botanical source and the at least one plant extract is about 1:400-400:1, about 1:200-200:1, about 1:100-100:1, about 1:50-50:1, about 1:20-20:1, or about 1:10-10:

1.

6. 6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the weight ratio between the saponin extract and the at least one plant extract is from about 1:50 to about 50:

1.

7. 7. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the weight ratio between the saponin extract and the extract of the additional plant source is about 1:200-200:1, about 1:100-100:1, about 1:50-50:1, about 1:20-20:1, or about 1:10-10:

1.

8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one plant extract contains at least one of cinnamic acid, a cinnamic acid derivative and / or a benzoic acid derivative.

9. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the total amount of cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid derivatives and benzoic acid derivatives in the at least one plant extract is about 0.001-80 wt %.

10. The composition of claim 8 or 9, wherein the cinnamic acid derivative is selected from P-coumaryl cinnamate, coniferyl cinnamate, cinnamyl cinnamate, benzyl cinnamate, cinammic acid esters, and combinations thereof.

11. The composition of any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the benzoic acid derivative is selected from coniferyl benzoate, cinnamyl benzoate, P-coumaryl benzoate, pinoresinol, benzoic acid esters and combinations thereof.

12. 12. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one plant extract is an extract of the genus Styrax.

13. 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the Styrax extract is an extract of Styrax paralleloneurus (Sumatra benzoin), Styrax tonkinensis (Siamese benzoin), Styrax formosanus, Styrax peruvianum, Styrax tolu and mixtures thereof.

14. 14. The composition according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the Styrax extract is obtained from the bark or resin of the at least one plant species of the Styrax genus.

15. 15. The composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one additive.

16. 16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the at least one additive is selected from shikimic acid and citric acid.

17. The saponin extract may be effective in treating or preventing the formation of maltose, maltose, maltose, maltose, maltose-soluble ...

17. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the composition is obtained from a plant source selected from Sapindus quinqufolius, Panax japonicus, Quillaja saponaria, Sapindus delavayi, Sapindus mukorossi, Sapindus marginatus, Sapindus saponaria, Sapindus trifoliatus, Saponaria officinalis, and Yucca schidigera, or any mixture thereof.

18. 18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the saponin extract is obtained from a plant source selected from Camellia oleifera, Camellia sinensis, Quillaja saponaria, Sapindus mukorossi, Sapindus saponaria, and Saponaria officinalis, or any mixture thereof.

19. 19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the saponin extract comprises at least 0.001 wt% of the composition.

20. 20. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising a saponin extract in a content of about 0.001 to 2 wt%.

21. 1. An antimicrobial composition comprising an antimicrobially effective amount of a mixture of agents, the mixture of agents consisting of at least one saponin extract, at least one plant extract from at least one plant species selected from the genera Styrax, Balsamudina and / or Mylocarpus and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from the at least one plant species and the additional plant source.

22. 1. An antimicrobial composition comprising an antimicrobially effective amount of a mixture of agents, said mixture of agents comprising: a saponin extract selected from Camellia oleifera extract, Camellia sinensis extract, Quillaja saponaria extract, Sapindus mukorossi extract, Sapindus saponaria extract, and Saponaria officinalis extract, and any mixture thereof; Styrax extracts from Styrax paralleloneurus (Sumatra benzoin), Styrax tonkinensis (Siamese benzoin), Styrax formosanus, Styrax peruvianum, Styrax tolu and mixtures thereof; at least one plant extract from an additional plant source selected from Cinnamomum extract, Paeonia extract, Cinnamon extract, Magnolia extract, Commiphora extract, Boswellia extract, Dipterocarpus extract, Copaiba extract, Origanum vulgare extract, Cymbidium extract, Anethum extract, Myrtacea extract, Nigella extract, Pimenta extract, and mixtures thereof; and optionally at least one additive. An antibacterial composition comprising:

23. An additional antibacterial composition consisting of a combination of at least one saponin extract, at least one plant extract from at least one plant species selected from the genera Styrax, Balsamudina and / or Mylocarpus and mixtures thereof, and at least one additional plant extract from an additional plant source, wherein the saponin extract is from a saponin source different from the at least one plant species and the additional plant source.

24. 24. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the antimicrobial activity is against microorganisms selected from bacteria, fungi, yeasts, molds, archaea, protists, viruses and algae.

25. 25. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 24, formulated as a preservative formulation, an antibacterial formulation, a pharmaceutical composition, a bactericidal formulation and a cosmetic formulation.

26. 1. An antimicrobial composition comprising: (a) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract and maltol; (b) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, maltol, and citric acid; (c) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp. and an extract of Cinnamomum cassia; (d) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract and maltol; (e) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., and an extract of Magnolia officinalis; (f) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., and an extract of Paeonia lactiflora; (g) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract, citric acid and maltol; (h) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., an extract of Cinnamomum cassia, and citric acid; (i) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract, a Paeonia lactiflora extract, citric acid and maltol; (j) a composition comprising a Saponin extract, a Styrax extract, a Cinnamomum cassia extract, and a Salvia officinalis extract; (k) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., an extract of Cinnamomum cassia, and shikimic acid; (l) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Nigella sativa extract; (m) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Pimenta dioica extract; (n) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., and an extract of Cymbopogon citrus; (o) a composition comprising a saponin extract, a Styrax extract, and a Salvia officinalis leaf extract; (p) Compositions Comprising Saponin Extract, Styrax Extract, and Malpighia emarginata Extract (q) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of Styrax spp., and an extract of Thymus vulgaris; (r) a composition comprising a saponin extract, an extract of the Styrax spp., and an extract of Origanum vulgare; and (s) Compositions Comprising Saponin Extract, Styrax Extract, and Syzygium aromaticum Extract An antimicrobial composition selected from:

27. 27. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 26, which has delayed antibacterial activity.

28. 28. The composition of claim 27, which exhibits observable antimicrobial activity from at least 5 hours of continuous exposure of a microorganism to the composition.

29. 29. A preservative formulation comprising the composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 28.

30. 30. The preservative formulation of claim 29, which suppresses, reduces, inhibits, or completely eliminates pathogen populations in a product.

31. 29. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 28 and a pharma- ceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

32. 29. A disinfectant comprising the composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 28.

33. A cosmetic product comprising the composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 28.

34. 34. The cosmetic product of claim 33, selected from soaps, hair care products, oral care products and skin care products.

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