Mold Apparatus and Method for Producing Patterned Concrete Elements - Patent application
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024571264
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-02-22
- Filing Date
- 2023-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
Smart Images
Figure 2025505884000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical field]
[0001] FIELD OF THEINVENTION The present invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for producing a concrete product, more precisely to an apparatus and method for producing a concrete product using a mould comprising a non-rigid sheet for shaping the surface of the concrete product according to the preambles of independent claims 1, 2, 11 and 12 and the preambles of the dependent claims. Even more precisely, the present invention relates to the production of surface-patterned concrete elements, in which the pattern appears to continue from one element to another without noticeable discontinuities.
[0002] 2. Background of the Invention Concrete is one of the most durable building materials. In addition, as a settable building material, concrete offers a high level of design flexibility. A concrete structure may have many different shapes, and the shape of the concrete structure is defined by the inner casting surface of the mold into which the concrete is poured to form the concrete structure. There are several ways to affect the appearance of a concrete structure. For example, the basic materials of concrete, i.e., cement, water, and aggregates, and their proportional amounts, as well as admixtures, additives, color pigments, etc. that may be added during concrete mix preparation, each affect the appearance, such as the color of the surface. Furthermore, different surface treatment methods applied to the hardened concrete structure or while the concrete is hardening create different surface textures. Also, the surface where the concrete is poured into the mold can be provided with different three-dimensional shapes, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,330,694, Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd., July 19, 1994, or structuring materials such as pattern transfer mats to create three-dimensional surfaces for concrete structures. The pattern transfer mat has a three-dimensional transfer surface carrying a large number of particles that are transferred to a substrate concrete. The concrete is cast onto the transfer surface of the mat, allowed to harden in place, and then the mat is removed.
[0003] Finnish Patent Fl127621B, Jakowleff, Renata Noemi describes a method for creating a three-dimensional concrete surface in a concrete structure, which includes using a rigid mold, an auxiliary mold, and a non-rigid sheet. The non-rigid sheet is placed between the top surface of the concrete poured into the rigid mold and the auxiliary mold which is at least partially pressed into the concrete, the non-rigid sheet being placed prior to pressing the auxiliary mold.
[0004] Fl127621B includes examples for the production of three-dimensional concrete surfaces, and the method examples described in Fl127621B can also be applied to the present invention. However, Fl127621B can produce visually independent non-continuous surface patterns, resulting in a method in which the 3D pattern structure does not reach near the edge of the rigid mold and is therefore less useful in producing continuous structures such as walls, facades. In other words, the molds and methods described in Fl127621B are more useful in producing individual elements than in producing elements for continuous structures.
[0005] Brief description of the invention It is an object of the present invention to eliminate or at least significantly reduce problems found in the prior art with an apparatus and method that provides concrete elements that are essentially free of significant discontinuities from one cast concrete element to another.
[0006] The present invention relates to the production of 3D surface patterned concrete elements, where the pattern appears to continue from one element to another without noticeable discontinuities. This requires optimal processing of the auxiliary mold to shape a uniform visual contour of the motif, regardless of the distance of the pattern details to the edge of the rigid mold. The recession of the tool shaping the top surface of the concrete element is different when the pattern approaches the edge region of the rigid mold compared to the center of the element, allowing recession of the pattern to occur without the limitations of the edge of the rigid mold.
[0007] The auxiliary mold parts form the pattern recesses and, when pressed, shape the transferred concrete.
[0008] The method of the invention comprises pouring concrete into a mold comprising at least a closed rigid frame, and placing a non-rigid sheet and an auxiliary mold on top of the upper surface of the concrete not covered by the mold, the non-rigid sheet being between the upper surface of the concrete and the auxiliary mold, the non-rigid sheet at least partially covering the upper surface of the concrete not covered by the mold, the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary mold facing the sheet being smaller than the upper surface area of the concrete covered by the sheet to allow for the auxiliary form to be pressed into the concrete.
[0009] The auxiliary mold is pressed into the concrete, i.e., into the mold, to a predetermined depth, the pressing causing at least a portion of the sheet-facing surface of the auxiliary mold, having a corresponding sheet fin or fins that contact at least a portion of the sheet-facing surface of the auxiliary mold during pressing, to move a portion of the concrete into the concrete, the movement causing an upper surface of the concrete to move upwardly, pressing the sheet into areas that are not in contact with at least a portion of the sheet-facing surface of the auxiliary mold.
[0010] The concrete is allowed to at least partially harden before removing the auxiliary mold. The above text is also valid for Fl127621B. A feature of the invention is that, before the auxiliary mold is pressed into the rigid mold, a rigid edge band is placed between the upper surface of the concrete and the non-rigid sheet, having an open area B similar to the open area A limited by the rigid mold within manufacturing tolerances.
[0011] Another characteristic feature of the invention is that the bottom surface of the auxiliary mold facing the concrete, and the bottom surface of the fins necessary for producing a three-dimensional structure on the surface of the concrete element, deviate in at least some parts from a straight angular edge. The bottom surface may be rounded with a radius larger than the typical production rounding (usually a radius of up to 2 mm) or it may be a bevel (rounded with an infinite radius). The actual dimensions of the rounding or bevel dimensions depend on the structure of the mold, the depth of the concrete, the composition of the concrete, etc. The essence of the invention is that the rounding or bevel allows the surface structure to propagate to the edge of the concrete due to optimal concrete flow in the pressing by the rounding or bevel. Such production produces a three-dimensional surface structure with an essentially continuous surface pattern from one element to another.
[0012] In one embodiment of the invention, an auxiliary mold 130 with fins 131 is pressed into concrete 140. The edges 133 of the bottom surface of the auxiliary mold 130 facing the concrete 140 and pressed into the concrete 140 as well as the edges 133 of the fins 131 are offset from a straight angled edge next to the inner surface of the mold 100 in the direction of the fins 131 (see FIG. 1).
[0013] In one embodiment of the method of the present invention, the auxiliary mold is pressed into the mold and into the concrete in stages. The auxiliary mold is also removed from the mold in stages. Inserting or removing the auxiliary mold in stages improves the flow of the concrete and creates a more uniform surface, especially in some concrete mixes.
[0014] The non-rigid sheet used in the method of the present invention may be removed simultaneously with the auxiliary mold or subsequently from the auxiliary mold.
[0015] To form the required pattern and to allow the auxiliary form to be pressed into the concrete, the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary mould facing the sheet must be smaller than the upper surface area of the concrete covered by the non-rigid sheet. However, the continuous visibility of the pattern requires that the inner size of the rigid mould and the outer edge of the auxiliary mould be close to one another, taking into account the quality and strength of the non-rigid sheet. In order to create a continuous advancing visibility for the pattern, the outer edge of the auxiliary mould and its slopes must be formed according to the visual requirements of the motif to be shaped. Also, the distance of the pattern details relative to each other needs to be taken into account when designing the shape of the slopes. Close one pattern detail also requires the consideration of the slope to the quality of the non-rigid sheet, such as maximum elasticity, which should be taken into account precisely to create the visually continuous pattern required for the precast element.
[0016] When the auxiliary mold making contour of the pattern is pressed into the concrete, i.e. into the mold to a predetermined depth of the pattern, the bevel needs to be able to be pressed close to the edge of the rigid mold so that an optimal amount of concrete is transferred to the side of the auxiliary mold part. The concrete transfer needs to move the top surface of the concrete upwards to support the correct formation of the pattern. The shape of the bevel and its distance of the shape to the edge of the rigid mold define the shape that the transferred concrete will take. In addition, the formation of the bevel needs to take into account the concrete material qualities such as the material grain size, grain size distribution, and viscosity of the concrete.
[0017] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following, the invention will be described in more detail in connection with preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]
[0018] [Figure 1] 1 shows a schematic view of the mould apparatus 100 (A) from the side and (B) from the front (direction S), from which the shaped edges of the fins 131 can be seen. [Diagram 2]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mold apparatus 100 with auxiliary form 130 in the mold 110 and concrete 140. [Diagram 3] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the edge 133 of the fin in an embodiment in which the edge 133 forms a bevel. [Figure 4] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the shape of the edge 133 of the fin in an embodiment in which the edge 133 is rounded. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a method for forming a concrete product 501 having a pattern 503. [Figure 6] FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a method for forming a concrete product 501 having a pattern 503. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 illustrates an embodiment in which the fins 131 are rounded with several different radii. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0019] To avoid any misunderstanding, it should be noted that the illustrated embodiments are shown as examples only and that they may be combined in the same device of the present invention.
[0020] Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the figures listed above.
[0021] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a mold apparatus 100 of the present invention, with FIG. 1A showing a side view revealing the structure of auxiliary mold 130 showing fins 131a, 131b, and 131c that impart a distinctive structure when at least partially pressed into concrete 140 in mold 110 defined by rigid frame 111 and bottom 112, which may also be, for example, the top of a casting table on which rigid frame 111 is placed.
[0022] The mold apparatus 100 comprises a mold 110 further comprising a closed rigid frame 111 defining a first area A (numbering not shown in the figures). The mold apparatus 100 further comprises a non-rigid sheet 120 positionable on top of the mold 110 and dimensioned to cover at least a portion of the first area A. An auxiliary mold 130 is positionable on the sheet 120 and is at least partially pressable into the mold 110 together with the sheet 120.
[0023] The cross-sectional area of the portion of auxiliary mould 130 which can be pressed into mould 110 is smaller than the first area A covered by non-rigid sheet 120. Non-rigid sheet 120 is, in one embodiment of the invention, pressed between rigid edge 550 and mould 110, and the edge 550-sheet 120-form 110 of the structure is locked with means 551, which can be, for example, a suitable bolt. Rigid edge band 550 may be manufactured from a suitable essentially rigid material.
[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, the edge 133 of the bottom surface of at least one fin 131 facing the concrete 140 is offset from a straight angle edge from the portion that is next to the inner surface of the mold 110 in the direction of the fin 131. In other words, at least the fin 131 that can be pressed into the concrete 140 is rounded or provided with a bevel on the edge 133 in the longitudinal direction of the fin 131, i.e., parallel to the fin 131. The edge 133 is located next to the inner surface of the mold 110. Such an arrangement ensures a smooth flow of the concrete 140 that ends up with a continuous surface structure of the adjacent hardened concrete elements.
[0025] The open area of the mold 110 is within the same manufacturing tolerances as the open area determined by the rigid edgeband 550 .
[0026] The essence of the invention is that the bottom edge 133 of at least one fin 131, which faces the concrete 140, deviates in at least some parts from a straight angular edge. This is shown diagrammatically in Figure 1B, which shows the mould arrangement 100 in the direction S marked in Figures 1A and 1B.
[0027] 2 shows mold apparatus 100 with auxiliary mold 130 pressed into mold 110 and concrete 140. Fins 131a, 131b, and 131c enter concrete 140 and stretch non-rigid sheet 120, which essentially follows the shape of fins 131a, 131b, and 131c. The fins entering concrete 140 raise the top surface of concrete 140 such that the volume does not essentially change, but the shape of the volume of concrete 140 changes.
[0028] The shape of the edge 133 of at least one fin 131 ensures that the concrete in the mould apparatus 100 flows in such a way that the surface structures of the different cast concrete elements form a continuous structure when the elements are joined together. The joining can be done with or without fasteners, as long as the elements are placed close to each other so that a continuous surface structure can be noticed.
[0029] 3 illustrates several embodiments of at least one fin 131. These embodiments show beveled edges 133 and are merely examples and are directed to any edge shape that deviates from a straight angle.
[0030] 3A shows a beveled surface of the mould apparatus 100. The bottom edge of the fin 131 facing the concrete 140 comprises a bevel between an essentially horizontal bottom boundary X and an essentially upper corner 553 of the auxiliary mould 130 that is next to the inner surface of the mould 110 when the auxiliary mould 130 is pressed to its maximum depth inside the mould 110. The upper point 553 of the bevel may also be located at another point in the Y direction.
[0031] 3B shows the beveled surface of the mold apparatus 100. The bottom edge of the fin 131 facing the concrete 140 is provided with a bevel at an angle α.
[0032] FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a mold apparatus 100 in which the edges 133 of the bottom surfaces of the fins 131 that face the concrete 140 are rounded with a larger radius than conventional edge rounding radii, typically with corners rounded with a radius of greater than 2 mm.
[0033] The radius of the rounding of the edge 133 depends on the dimensions of the mold, the depth of the concrete layer, the properties of the concrete mixture, etc. In some embodiments of the present invention, the mold parameters are shown in Table I.
[0034] [Table 1]
[0035] 3B shows another embodiment of the mould arrangement in which the edge 133 of the bottom of the auxiliary mould 130 facing the concrete 140 forms a bevel which exhibits an angle α between the horizontal line X and the vertical line Y of the auxiliary mould 130. The bevel deviates from the usual bevels used in production, and the distance d between the essentially vertical boundary Y and the point where the bevel starts at the essentially horizontal bottom boundary X is at least 5 millimetres. The angle α, which is the angle between the essentially horizontal bottom boundary X of the auxiliary mould 130 and the inclined line 135, is preferably between 10 and 70 degrees, more preferably between 15 and 65 degrees, and most preferably between 20 and 60 degrees, which has been investigated to ensure good flow of the concrete mixture 140.
[0036] The same as described for auxiliary mould 130 in the above section is also valid for fin 131, but for simplicity only auxiliary mould 130 will be described.
[0037] The auxiliary mold is pressed into the concrete so that the straight bottom of the auxiliary mold reaches the concrete material. The depressions in the auxiliary mold allow the concrete material to move evenly around the sides of the auxiliary mold.
[0038] The auxiliary mold is pushed deeper into the material, and the beveled portion reaches the concrete surface. The movement of the concrete is continuous so that it is uniform over the area of the straight bottom area of the auxiliary mold. In the area of material where the beveled portion sinks into the concrete, the direction of concrete movement begins to be influenced by the proximity of the edges of the rigid mold. The movement of the concrete is restricted by the walls of the rigid mold, and in part the movement of material occurs away from the edges of the rigid mold.
[0039] The auxiliary mold is pressed to the desired depth point so that its edge meets the top of the rigid mold. The encounter of the molds shapes the contour of the pattern that will be placed on the edge of the element.
[0040] The final movement of the concrete will accordingly take on the shape of the slope, the proximity of the edge of the rigid mold to the edge of the rigid mold at each point of depth, the mutual distance between the mold parts of the auxiliary mold, and the lengthwise and widthwise elongation of the non-rigid sheet.
[0041] In one embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 5 and 6, a method for producing a patterned concrete element 501 having at least one visually continuous pattern 503 from one element 501 to another element includes: a. pouring a concrete mixture into a mold 110 having a closed rigid frame; b. placing a non-rigid sheet 120 on top of the mold 110; c. forcing a support mold 130 having at least one fin 131 into the mold 110; d. Lifting the auxiliary mold 130 from the mold 110; and e. Curing the manufactured concrete element 501; Includes.
[0042] The essence of the method of the invention is characterized in that the auxiliary mould 130 is pressed into the mould 110 with at least one fin 131 protruding from it. The edge of the bottom surface of the fin 131 facing the concrete 140 deviates from a straight angled edge from the part next to the inner surface of the mould 100 in the direction of the fin 131. Essentially, the edge of the fin 131 facing the concrete 140 is rounded with a radius larger than the conventional edge rounding radius that would make the concrete 140 flow evenly on the side of the fin 131, creating at least one pattern 503 that is evenly continuous with the edge of the concrete element 501 and producing a concrete element 501 with at least one visually continuous pattern 503 from one element 501 to another.
[0043] In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing patterned concrete elements 501 having at least one visually continuous pattern 503 from one element 501 to another element comprises: f. pouring the concrete mixture into a mold 110 having a closed rigid frame; g. placing a non-rigid sheet 120 on top of the mold 110; h. forcing a support mold 130 having at least one fin 131 into the mold 110; i. lifting the auxiliary mold 130 from the mold 110; j. curing the manufactured concrete element 501; Includes.
[0044] The essence of the method of the invention is characterized in that the auxiliary mould 130 is pressed into the mould 110 with at least one fin 131 facing the concrete 140. The edge of the fin 131 facing the concrete 140 deviates from a straight angled edge from the part next to the inner surface of the mould 100 in the direction of the fin 131, such that the edge of the fin 131 facing the concrete 140 comprises a bevel between the x-direction and the y-direction of the auxiliary mould 130, so that the concrete 140 flows evenly over the side of the fin 131, creating a pattern 503 that is evenly continuous with the edge of the concrete element 501 and produces a concrete element 501 with at least one visually continuous pattern 503 from one element 501 to another.
[0045] When the method uses rounded edges rather than beveled edges, the radius of the radius of the bottom surface of the fin 131 is preferably greater than 2 millimeters, more preferably greater than 5 millimeters, and most preferably greater than 10 millimeters. The edges of the fin 131 may also be shaped with two or more radiuses. Such a multiple rounded arrangement of the fins 131 improves creating a visually continuous pattern 503 in some mixtures of concrete 140. An example of such a fin is shown in FIG. 7.
[0046] Another embodiment of the method of the invention uses a bevel rather than a rounded edge of the fin 131. The embodiment is characterized in that the distance (d) between the essentially vertical boundary (y) and the point where the bevel begins at the essentially horizontal bottom boundary (x) is at least 5 millimeters.
[0047] In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the fin 131 used in the method is characterized in that the angle α, which is the angle between the essentially horizontal bottom boundary (x) of the auxiliary mold 130 and the inclined line 135, is between 10 and 70 degrees.
[0048] It is also possible to use an embodiment in which at least one fin 131 has a combined beveled and rounded shape.
[0049] Specifications for the concrete used to manufacture the concrete elements 501 are, for example: the strength class according to the European concrete standard EN-206 should be C30 / 37 or C35 / 45, the fresh concrete class according to the European concrete standard EN-206 should be S3 or S4, and the maximum aggregate particle size is 12 mm. Other specifications typical for concrete structures are the exposure class according to the European concrete standard EN-206 XC3 or XC4, and also classes XF1 or XF3 if freeze-thaw stresses are expected, such as in Nordic countries. Recognizing that there are various concrete mixtures that can be used to manufacture the elements 501, the requirements for the different shapes of the fins 131 become clear.
[0050] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that as technology advances, the basic concept of the present invention can be implemented in various ways. Therefore, the present invention and its embodiments are not limited to the above examples, and they may vary within the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. a. a mold (110) comprising a closed rigid frame (111) defining a first area A; b. a non-rigid sheet (120) positionable on top of said mold (110) and sized to cover at least a portion of said first region A; c. an auxiliary mold (130) positionable on said sheet (120) and at least partially pressable into said mold (110) together with said sheet (120), wherein said portion of said auxiliary mold (130) pressable into said mold (110) has a cross-sectional area smaller than said first region A covered by said non-rigid sheet (120); Equipped with d. The bottom edge of the fin (131) facing the concrete (140) deviates from a straight angle edge from said portion adjacent the inner surface of the mold (100) toward the fin (131), and the edge of said fin (131) facing the concrete (140) is rounded with a radius larger than the conventional edge rounding radius of its edge (133). A mold apparatus (100).
2. a. a mold (110) comprising a closed rigid frame (111) defining a first area A; b. a non-rigid sheet (120) positionable on top of said mold (110) and sized to cover at least a portion of said first region A; c. an auxiliary mold (130) positionable on said sheet (120) and at least partially pressable into said mold (110) together with said sheet (120), wherein said portion of said auxiliary mold (130) pressable into said mold (110) has a cross-sectional area smaller than said first region A covered by said non-rigid sheet (120); Equipped with d. The bottom edge of the fin (131) facing the concrete (140) is offset from a straight angle edge from the portion adjacent the inner surface of the mold (100) in the direction of the fin (131), and the edge of the fin (131) facing the concrete (140) has a bevel between the x-direction and the y-direction of the auxiliary mold (130). A mold apparatus (100).
3. 2. A mould arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the rounding of the edges of the fins (131) occurs in a direction "S" essentially parallel to the direction of continuity of the fins (131).
4. 4. The mold apparatus (100) according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the edge (133) of the bottom surface of the auxiliary mold (130) facing the concrete (140) is rounded with a radius of more than 2 millimeters.
5. 4. The mold apparatus (100) according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the distance (d) between the essentially vertical boundary (y) and the point where the slope begins at the essentially horizontal bottom boundary (x) is at least 5 millimeters.
6. 6. The mould arrangement (100) according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that the angle α between the essentially horizontal bottom boundary (x) of the auxiliary mould (130) and the inclined line (135) is between 10 and 70 degrees.
7. 3. A mould arrangement (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that the edge of the bottom surface of the auxiliary mould (130) facing the concrete (140) comprises a bevel between the essentially horizontal bottom boundary (x) and an essentially upper corner (553) of the auxiliary mould (130) that is next to the inner surface of the mould (110) when the auxiliary mould (130) is pressed to its maximum depth inside the mould (110).
8. 10. The mold apparatus (100) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a rigid edge band (550) arranged between the non-rigid sheet (120) placed on top of the mold (110) and an auxiliary mold (130).
9. The mold apparatus (100) of claim 8, wherein the rigid edgeband (550) is constructed from a rigid material.
10. 10. The mold apparatus (100) of claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the open area of the mold (110), i.e. the area limited by the inner wall of the mold (110), is within the same manufacturing tolerances as the open area determined by the rigid edge band (550).
11. A method for manufacturing a patterned concrete element (501) having at least one visually continuous pattern (503) from one element (501) to another, comprising: a. pouring a concrete mixture into a mold (110) comprising a closed rigid frame (111); b. placing a non-rigid sheet (120) on top of said mold (110); c. Pressing a secondary mold (130) into said mold (110); d. Allowing the produced concrete element (501) to at least partially harden; e. Lifting the auxiliary mold (130) from the mold (110); Including, f. When the auxiliary mold (130) is pressed into said mold (110), at least one pattern (503) is created that deviates from a straight angled edge from a portion adjacent to the inner surface of the mold (100) in the direction of the fin (131) such that the edge (133) of the bottom surface of the fin (131) facing the concrete (140) is rounded with a radius larger than a conventional edge rounding radius that causes the concrete (140) to flow evenly down the side of the fin (131), and that continues evenly with the edge of the concrete element (501), producing a concrete element (501) with at least one visually continuous pattern (503) from one element (501) to another. A method comprising:
12. A method for manufacturing a patterned concrete element (501) having at least one visually continuous pattern (503) from one element (501) to another, comprising: a. pouring a concrete mixture into a mold (110) comprising a closed rigid frame (111); b. placing a non-rigid sheet (120) on top of said mold (110); c. Pressing a secondary mold (130) into said mold (110); d. Allowing the produced concrete element (501) to at least partially harden; e. Lifting the auxiliary mold (130) from the mold (110); Including, f. When the auxiliary mold (130) is pressed into the mold (110), a pattern (503) is created in which the edge (133) of the bottom surface of the fin (131) facing the concrete (140) deviates from a straight angled edge from a portion adjacent the inner surface of the mold (100) in the direction of the fin (131) such that the edge of the fin (131) facing the concrete (140) has a bevel between the x-direction and the y-direction of the auxiliary mold (130) that causes the concrete (140) to flow evenly down the sides of the auxiliary mold (130), and continues evenly with the edge of the concrete element (501), producing a concrete element (501) with at least one visually continuous pattern (503) from one element (501) to another. A method comprising:
13. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the radius of the rounded edge (133) of the fin (131) is greater than 2 millimeters.
14. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the radius of the rounded edge (133) of the fin (131) is greater than 5 millimeters.
15. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the distance (d) between the essentially vertical boundary (y) and the point where the slope begins at the essentially horizontal bottom boundary (x) is at least 5 millimeters.
16. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the angle α between the essentially horizontal bottom boundary (x) of the auxiliary mould (130) and the inclined line (135) is between 10 and 70 degrees.