Substrate, method for manufacturing the same, and electronic device

Abstract

A display substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and a display device. The display substrate includes a first display region 100 and a second display region 200. The second display region 200 at least partially surrounds the first display region 100. The first display region 100 is configured to perform image display and transmit light. The second display region 200 is configured to perform image display. In a plane perpendicular to the display substrate, the first display region 100 includes at least a display structure layer disposed on a base 10 and a light processing layer 50 disposed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base 10. The light processing layer 50 includes at least a light extraction structure for improving light extraction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies, and more particularly to a display substrate, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electronic device.

Background Art

[0002] Organic Light Emitting Diode (abbreviated as OLED) and Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diodes (abbreviated as QLED) are active light-emitting display devices, which have advantages such as self-luminous, wide viewing angle, high contrast, low power consumption, extremely high response speed, lightweight, thin, bendable, and low cost. With the development of display technologies, flexible electronic display devices that use OLEDs or QLEDs as light-emitting elements and perform signal control with Thin Film Transistors (abbreviated as TFTs) have become the mainstream products in the current display field.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0003] The following is an overview of the theme described in this specification. This overview does not limit the scope of protection of the claims.

[0004] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a display substrate including a first display area and a second display area, wherein the second display area at least partially surrounds the first display area. The first display area is configured to perform image display and transmit light, and the second display area is configured to perform image display. In a plane perpendicular to the display substrate, the first display area includes at least a display structure layer installed on a base and a light processing layer installed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base. The light processing layer includes at least a light extraction structure for improving light extraction efficiency.

[0005] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical processing layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a first light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix disposed between the filter layers. The first light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of first light extraction structures disposed on a side of the first cover layer away from the base, and a second cover layer disposed on a side of the plurality of first light extraction structures away from the base. At least one of the first light extraction structures includes a plano-convex lens.

[0006] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film structure layer is disposed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base, and the first light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side of the color film structure layer away from the base.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base, and the color film structure layer is disposed on a side of the first light extraction structure layer away from the base.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first light extraction structure on the base is located within the range of the filter layer.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the first cover layer has a first refractive index, the second cover layer has a second refractive index, the first light extraction structure has a first light extraction refractive index, the first light extraction refractive index is greater than or equal to the first refractive index, and the first light extraction refractive index is greater than the second refractive index.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light extraction structure has a first height, the second cover layer has a cover thickness, and the ratio of the first height to the cover thickness is 1 / 3 to 1 / 1.1.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical processing layer further includes a third light extraction structure layer, the third light extraction structure layer includes a plurality of third light extraction structures disposed on a side away from the base of the first light extraction structure layer, and a third cover layer disposed on a side away from the base of the plurality of third light extraction structures. At least one third light extraction structure includes a microlens group, and at least one microlens group includes a plurality of sequentially disposed microlenses.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the third light extraction structure on the base is located within the range of the filter layer.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical processing layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a second light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix disposed between the filter layers. The second light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of second light extraction structures disposed on a side away from the base of the first cover layer, and a second cover layer disposed on a side away from the base of the plurality of second light extraction structures. At least one second light extraction structure includes a prism with a trapezoidal cross-section.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and the second light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the second light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the second light extraction structure layer.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the black matrix on the base is located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the second light extraction structure.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the second cover layer has a second refractive index, the second light extraction structure has a second light extraction refractive index, and the second light extraction refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the second light extraction structure has a second height, the second cover layer has a cover thickness, and the ratio of the second height to the cover thickness is from 1 / 3 to 1 / 1.2.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the side wall of the second light extraction structure has a tilt angle, and the tilt angle is greater than 60° and less than 90°.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, in a plane parallel to the base, the display substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and the orthographic projection of at least one sub-pixel on the base overlaps at least partially with the orthographic projection of two second light extraction structures on the base.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of sub-pixels includes at least a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. The side wall of the second light extraction structure located in the region where the red sub-pixel is located has a first tilt angle, the side wall of the second light extraction structure located in the region where the blue sub-pixel is located has a second tilt angle, and the side wall of the second light extraction structure located in the region where the green sub-pixel is located has a third tilt angle. The first tilt angle is smaller than the second tilt angle, and the first tilt angle is smaller than the third tilt angle.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical processing layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a composite light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix disposed between the filter layers. The composite light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of first light extraction structures and a plurality of second light extraction structures disposed on a side of the first cover layer away from the base, and a second cover layer disposed on a side of the plurality of first light extraction structures and the plurality of second light extraction structures away from the base. At least one of the first light extraction structures includes a plano-convex lens, and at least one of the second light extraction structures includes a prism with a trapezoidal cross-section.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film structure layer is disposed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base, and the composite light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side of the color film structure layer away from the base.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the composite light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base, and the color film structure layer is disposed on a side of the composite light extraction structure layer away from the base.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first light extraction structure on the base is located within the range of the orthographic projection of the filter layer on the base, and the orthographic projection of the black matrix on the base is located within the range of the orthographic projection of the second light extraction structure on the base.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, the first cover layer has a first refractive index, the second cover layer has a second refractive index, the first light extraction structure has a first light extraction refractive index, the second light extraction structure has a second light extraction refractive index. The first light extraction refractive index is greater than or equal to the first refractive index, the first light extraction refractive index is greater than the second refractive index, and the second light extraction refractive index is less than the second refractive index.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the optical processing layer includes at least a color film lens structure layer, and the color film lens structure layer is a filter light extraction multiplex structure in which a filter structure and a light extraction structure are integrated.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film lens structure layer includes at least a black matrix, a first color film layer, a second color film layer, and a filter lens layer. The black matrix is installed at a distance from the base of the display structure layer, and a light-transmitting opening is formed between adjacent black matrices. The first color film layer is installed in each of the plurality of light-transmitting openings, and an arc-shaped recess is installed on the surface of the first color film layer on the side away from the base. The filter lens layer is installed in the first color film layer in each of the plurality of light-transmitting openings, and the lower surface of the arc-shaped convex portion of the filter lens layer is bonded to the upper surface of the arc-shaped recess of the first color film layer. The second color film layer is installed on the side away from the base of the plurality of black matrices and the plurality of filter lens layers.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the first color film layer has a first color film refractive index, the second color film layer has a second color film refractive index, the filter lens layer has a filter lens refractive index, the filter lens refractive index is greater than the first color film refractive index, and the filter lens refractive index is smaller than the second color film refractive index.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the display structure layer includes at least a driving circuit layer installed on the base, a light-emitting structure layer installed on the side away from the base of the driving circuit layer, a package structure layer installed on the side away from the base of the light-emitting structure layer, and a touch structure layer installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer. The touch structure layer includes at least a metal mesh layer, the metal mesh layer includes a plurality of intertwined metal wires, and the orthographic projection of the metal wires on the base is located within at least the range of the orthographic projection of the black matrix in the optical processing layer on the base.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, the first display area includes a plurality of pixel islands and a plurality of blank islands. In a first direction, the pixel islands and the blank islands are alternately arranged. In a second direction, the pixel islands and the blank islands are alternately arranged. The first direction and the second direction intersect each other.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one pixel island includes two pixel units. The pixel unit includes one red sub-pixel that emits red light, one blue sub-pixel that emits blue light, and two green sub-pixels that emit green light. The two red sub-pixels are respectively located at one diagonal position of the pixel island. The two blue sub-pixels are respectively located at the other diagonal position of the pixel island. The four green sub-pixels are respectively located in the middle of the pixel island in the second direction.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one light-scattering structure is installed on the blank island. The light-scattering structure includes a plurality of micro-protrusions that are sequentially installed. In a plane parallel to the base, the shape of the micro-protrusion includes any one or more of a triangle, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a circle, and an ellipse. In a plane perpendicular to the base, the cross-sectional shape of the micro-protrusion includes a triangle or a trapezoid.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the light-scattering structure includes a first light-scattering strip respectively installed on both sides of the pixel island in the second direction, and a second light-scattering strip respectively installed on both sides of the pixel island in the first direction. The shape of the first light-scattering strip is strip-shaped extending along the first direction. The shape of the second light-scattering strip is strip-shaped extending along the second direction.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, the light-scattering structure further includes a third light-scattering strip respectively connected to the first light-scattering strip and the second light-scattering strip. The first light-scattering strip, the second light-scattering strip, and the third light-scattering strip are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped light-scattering structure surrounding the pixel island.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, the astigmatic structure further includes a first connection strip and a second connection strip. The first connection strip is disposed between first astigmatic strips adjacent in the second direction, connected to the first astigmatic strips, and forms a connection channel between astigmatic structures adjacent in the second direction. The second connection strip is disposed between second astigmatic strips adjacent in the first direction, connected to the second astigmatic strips, surrounds the pixel island, and forms an astigmatic structure that communicates with each other, and forms a connection channel between astigmatic structures adjacent in the first direction.

[0037] In another aspect, the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, including an imaging device and the above display substrate. The orthographic projection of the imaging device on the display substrate at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the first display area on the display substrate, and there is no overlapping part between the orthographic projection of the imaging device on the display substrate and the orthographic projection of the second display area on the display substrate.

[0038] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure further provides a method for manufacturing a display substrate. The display substrate includes a first display area and a second display area. The second display area at least partially surrounds the first display area. The first display area is configured to perform image display and transmit light, and the second display area is configured to perform image display. The manufacturing method includes forming a display structure layer on the base of the first display area; forming a light treatment layer on the display structure layer, the light treatment layer including at least a light extraction structure for improving light extraction efficiency.

[0039] After reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, other aspects can be understood.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040]

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Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0041] The drawings are for understanding the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present application to explain the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present disclosure.

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The embodiments can be implemented in many different forms. As can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the gist and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited only to the descriptions of the following embodiments. When there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other. To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, the present disclosure omits the detailed descriptions of some known functions and known components. The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure are only related to the structures related to the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures can refer to general designs.

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The embodiments can be implemented in many different forms. As can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the gist and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited only to the descriptions of the following embodiments. When there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other. To maintain the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, the present disclosure omits the detailed descriptions of some known functions and known components. The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure are only related to the structures related to the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures can refer to general designs.

[0044] The ratios of the drawings in the present disclosure can be used as a reference in the actual process, but are not limited thereto. For example, the aspect ratio of the channel, the thickness and pitch of each film layer, and the width and pitch of each signal line can be adjusted according to actual requirements. Also, the number of pixels in the display device and the number of sub-pixels in each pixel are not limited to the numbers shown in the figures. The drawings described in the present disclosure are merely structural schematic diagrams, and one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes or numerical values shown in the drawings.

[0045] The ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", "third", etc. in this specification are for avoiding confusion of components and do not limit in terms of quantity.

[0046] In this specification, for the sake of convenience, terms indicating orientation or positional relationship such as "middle", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are used to describe the positions of the components with reference to the drawings. However, this is for explaining and simplifying this specification and does not indicate or imply that the described device or element must have a specific orientation and be configured and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it is not for limiting the present disclosure. The positional relationship of the components can be appropriately changed according to the direction of explaining the components. Therefore, it is not limited to the terms described in the specification and can be appropriately changed in some cases.

[0047] In this specification, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "attach", "connect", and "couple" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. It may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection via a linker, or an internal communication between two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present disclosure according to the specific situation.

[0048] As used herein, a transistor refers to an element including at least three terminals: a gate electrode, a drain electrode, and a source electrode. A transistor has a channel region between a drain electrode (drain electrode terminal, drain region, or drain electrode) and a source electrode (source electrode terminal, source region, or source electrode), and current can flow through the drain electrode, the channel region, and the source electrode. In the present disclosure, the channel region refers to the region where current mainly flows.

[0049] In this specification, the first pole may be the drain electrode and the second pole may be the source electrode, or the first pole may be the source electrode and the second pole may be the drain electrode. When using transistors with opposite polarities or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation, the functions of the "source electrode" and "drain electrode" may be interchanged. Therefore, in this specification, the "source electrode" and "drain electrode" may be interchanged with each other, and the "source terminal" and "drain terminal" may be interchanged with each other.

[0050] As used herein, "electrically connected" includes cases where components are connected via an element having a certain electrical function. The "element having a certain electrical function" is not particularly limited as long as it can transmit and receive electrical signals between the connected components. Examples of the "element having a certain electrical function" include not only electrodes and wirings, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and elements having various other functions.

[0051] As used herein, "parallel" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is -10° or more and 10° or less, and thus also includes a state where the angle is -5° or more and 5° or less. Also, "perpendicular" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is 80° or more and 100° or less, and thus also includes a state where the angle is 85° or more and 95° or less.

[0052] In this specification, "film" and "layer" are interchangeable with each other. For example, a "conductive layer" may be changed to a "conductive film". Similarly, an "insulating film" may also be changed to an "insulating layer".

[0053] Triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons, hexagons, etc. in this specification do not have a strict meaning, and may be approximate triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons, hexagons, etc., and there may be some small deformations due to tolerances, chamfers, arc edges, and deformations may also exist.

[0054] In the present disclosure, "about" does not strictly limit the limit and allows numerical values within the process or measurement error range.

[0055] FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electronic device. As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic device may include a timing controller, a data driver, a scanning driver, a light-emitting driver, and a pixel array. The timing controller is connected to the data driver, the scanning driver, and the light-emitting driver respectively. The data driver is connected to a plurality of data signal lines (D1 to Dn) respectively. The scanning driver is connected to a plurality of scanning signal lines (S1 to Sm) respectively. The light-emitting driver is connected to a plurality of light-emitting signal lines (E1 to Eo) respectively.

[0056] The pixel array may include a plurality of sub-pixels Pxij, where i and j may be natural numbers. At least one sub-pixel Pxij may include a circuit unit and a light-emitting element connected to the circuit unit. The circuit unit may include a pixel driving circuit, and the pixel driving circuit is connected to a scanning signal line, a data signal line, and a light-emitting signal line. In an exemplary embodiment, the timing controller supplies a gradation value and a control signal conforming to the specification of the data driver to the data driver, supplies a clock signal, a scanning start signal, etc. conforming to the specification of the scanning driver to the scanning driver, and supplies a clock signal, a light-emitting stop signal, etc. conforming to the specification of the light-emitting driver to the light-emitting driver. The data driver can generate data voltages supplied to the data signal lines D1, D2, D3, …, Dn by using the gradation value and the control signal received from the timing controller. For example, the data driver may sample the gradation value using a clock signal and apply data voltages corresponding to the gradation value to the data signal lines D1~Dn in units of pixel rows, where n may be a natural number. The scanning driver can generate scanning signals supplied to the scanning signal lines S1, S2, S3, …, Sm by receiving a clock signal, a scanning start signal, etc. from the timing controller. For example, the scanning driver may sequentially supply scanning signals having an on-level pulse to the scanning signal lines S1~Sm. For example, the scanning driver may be configured as a shift register, and generate scanning signals in a manner of transferring a scanning start signal supplied in the form of an on-level pulse sequentially under the control of a clock signal to the next-stage circuit, where m may be a natural number. The light-emitting driver can generate light-emitting signals supplied to the light-emitting signal lines E1, E2, E3, …, Eo by receiving a clock signal, a light-emitting stop signal, etc. from the timing controller. For example, the light-emitting driver can sequentially supply light-emitting signals having a cutoff-level pulse to the light-emitting signal lines E1~Eo. For example, the light-emitting driver may be configured as a shift register, and generate light-emitting signals in a manner of transferring a light-emitting stop signal supplied in the form of a cutoff-level pulse sequentially under the control of a clock signal to the next-stage circuit, where o may be a natural number.

[0057] With the development of display technology, products such as full-screen or narrow-bezel ones, with their large screen occupancy and ultra-narrow bezels, are gradually becoming the development trend of display products. In the case of electronic products such as smart terminals, usually, it is necessary to install hardware such as a front camera, fingerprint sensor, or light sensor. However, to increase the screen occupancy, full-screen or narrow-bezel products usually adopt under-display camera technology (abbreviated as Full display with camera, FDC) or under-display fingerprint technology, placing sensors such as cameras in the under-display imaging area (abbreviated as Under Display Camera, UDC) of the display substrate, which not only has a certain transmittance but also has a display function, and realizes full display in the camera area (abbreviated as Full Display in Camera, FDC).

[0058] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display substrate. As shown in FIG. 2, in a plane parallel to the display substrate, the display substrate can include a first display area 100 and a second display area 200 that at least partially surrounds the first display area 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the position of the first display area 100 can correspond to the position of the optical device. The first display area 100 is configured to perform image display and transmit light, and the transmitted light is received by the optical device. The first display area 100 can be called an under-display imaging display area. The second display area 200 is configured to perform image display, and the second display area 200 can be usually called a normal display area.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment, the position of the first display area 100 in the second display area 200 may not be restricted and may be located above or below the second display area 200, or may be located at the edge position of the second display area 200. In an exemplary embodiment, in a plane parallel to the display substrate, the shape of the first display area 100 may be any one or more of a square, a rectangle, a polygon, a circle, an ellipse, etc., and the optical device may be an optical sensor such as a fingerprint authentication device, an imaging device, 3D imaging, etc. When the shape of the first display area 100 is a circle, the diameter of the circle may be about 3 mm to 5 mm, and when the shape of the first display area 100 is a rectangle, the side length of the rectangle may be about 3 mm to 5 mm, but the present disclosure is not limited here.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the resolution of the first display area 100 and the second display area 200 may be the same, or the resolution of the first display area 100 may be smaller than the resolution of the second display area 200. For example, the resolution of the first display area 100 may be about 50% to 70% of the resolution of the second display area 200. Resolution (abbreviated as Pixels Per Inch, PPI) refers to the number of pixels per unit area and can be called pixel density. The higher the PPI value, the higher the density at which the display substrate can display the screen, indicating that the details of the screen become richer.

[0061] FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the second display area. As shown in FIG. 3, the second display area can include a plurality of pixel units P arranged regularly, and at least one pixel unit P can include a first sub-pixel P1 that emits a first color light ray, a second sub-pixel P2 that emits a second color light ray, a third sub-pixel P3 that emits a third color light ray, and a fourth sub-pixel P4. Each sub-pixel can include a circuit unit and a light-emitting element. The circuit unit can include a pixel driving circuit, a scanning signal line, a data signal line, a light-emitting signal line, etc. connected to the pixel driving circuit. The pixel driving circuit is configured to receive a data voltage transferred by the data signal line under the control of the scanning signal line and the light-emitting signal line, and output a corresponding current to the light-emitting element. The light-emitting elements in each sub-pixel are respectively connected to the pixel driving circuit of the sub-pixel where they are located, and the light-emitting elements are configured to emit light with a corresponding luminance in response to the current output by the pixel driving circuit of the sub-pixel where they are located.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, the first sub-pixel P1 is a red sub-pixel (R) that emits red light, the second sub-pixel P2 is a blue sub-pixel (B) that emits blue light, and the third sub-pixel P3 and the fourth sub-pixel P4 may be green sub-pixels (G) that emit green light. In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the sub-pixel may be rectangular, rhombic, pentagonal, or hexagonal, and the four sub-pixels in the pixel unit P may be arranged in a horizontal parallel, vertical parallel, or square manner, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited here.

[0063] In an exemplary embodiment, the pixel unit can include three sub-pixels, and the three sub-pixels may be arranged in a horizontal parallel, vertical parallel, or a character 'pin' shape manner, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited here.

[0064] FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit schematic diagram of a pixel driving circuit. In an exemplary embodiment, the pixel driving circuit may have a 3T1C, 4T1C, 5T1C, 5T2C, 6T1C, or 7T1C structure. As shown in FIG. 4, the pixel driving circuit may include seven transistors (transistors T1 to seventh transistor T7) and one storage capacitor C, and is connected to seven signal lines (data signal line D, first scanning signal line S1, second scanning signal line S2, light emission signal line E, initial signal line INIT, first power supply line VDD, second power supply line VSS).

[0065] In an exemplary embodiment, the pixel driving circuit may include a first node N1, a second node N2, and a third node N3. Here, the first node N1 is respectively connected to the first pole of the third transistor T3, the second pole of the fourth transistor T4, and the second pole of the fifth transistor T5. The second node N2 is respectively connected to the first pole of the second transistor T2, the control pole of the third transistor T3, and the second end of the storage capacitor C. The third node N3 is respectively connected to the second pole of the second transistor T2, the second pole of the third transistor T3, and the first pole of the sixth transistor T6.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the storage capacitor C is connected to the first power supply line VDD, and the second end of the storage capacitor C is connected to the second node N2, that is, the second end of the storage capacitor C is connected to the control pole of the third transistor T3.

[0067] The control pole of the transistor T1 is connected to the second scanning signal line S2, the first pole of the transistor T1 is connected to the initial signal line INIT, and the second pole of the transistor is connected to the second node N2. When an on-level scanning signal is applied to the second scanning signal line S2, the transistor T1 transfers the initialization voltage to the control pole of the third transistor T3 to initialize the charge amount of the control pole of the third transistor T3.

[0068] The control terminal of the second transistor T2 is connected to the first scanning signal line S1, the first terminal of the second transistor T2 is connected to the second node N2, and the second terminal of the second transistor T2 is connected to the third node N3. When an on-level scanning signal is applied to the first scanning signal line S1, the second transistor T2 connects the control terminal of the third transistor T3 to the second terminal.

[0069] The control terminal of the third transistor T3 is connected to the second node N2, that is, the control terminal of the third transistor T3 is connected to the second end of the storage capacitor C. The first terminal of the third transistor T3 is connected to the first node N1, and the second terminal of the third transistor T3 is connected to the third node N3. The third transistor T3 may be called a driving transistor. The third transistor T3 determines the amount of driving current flowing between the first power supply line VDD and the second power supply line VSS according to the potential difference between its control terminal and its first terminal.

[0070] The control terminal of the fourth transistor T4 is connected to the first scanning signal line S1, the first terminal of the fourth transistor T4 is connected to the data signal line D, and the second terminal of the fourth transistor T4 is connected to the first node N1. The fourth transistor T4 may be called a switching transistor, a scanning transistor, etc. When an on-level scanning signal is applied to the first scanning signal line S1, the fourth transistor T4 inputs the data voltage of the data signal line D to the pixel driving circuit.

[0071] The control terminal of the fifth transistor T5 is connected to the light emission signal line E, the first terminal of the fifth transistor T5 is connected to the first power supply line VDD, and the second terminal of the fifth transistor T5 is connected to the first node N1. The control terminal of the sixth transistor T6 is connected to the light emission signal line E, the first terminal of the sixth transistor T6 is connected to the third node N3, and the second terminal of the sixth transistor T6 is connected to the first terminal of the light emitting element. The fifth transistor T5 and the sixth transistor T6 may be called light emitting transistors. When an on-level light emission signal is applied to the light emission signal line E, the fifth transistor T5 and the sixth transistor T6 cause the light emitting element to emit light by forming a driving current path between the first power supply line VDD and the second power supply line VSS.

[0072] The control terminal of the seventh transistor T7 is connected to the second scanning signal line S2, the first terminal of the seventh transistor T7 is connected to the initial signal line INIT, and the second terminal of the seventh transistor T7 is connected to the first terminal of the light-emitting element. When an on-level scanning signal is applied to the second scanning signal line S2, the seventh transistor T7 transfers an initialization voltage to the first terminal of the light-emitting element, initializes the amount of charge accumulated at the first terminal of the light-emitting element, or discharges the amount of charge accumulated at the first terminal of the light-emitting element.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, the light-emitting element may be an OLED including a stacked first electrode (anode), an organic light-emitting layer, and a second electrode (cathode), or may be a QLED including a stacked first electrode (anode), a quantum dot light-emitting layer, and a second electrode (cathode).

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the second electrode of the light-emitting element is connected to the second power supply line VSS whose signal is a low-level signal, and the signal of the first power supply line VDD always supplies a high-level signal.

[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, the transistors T1 to T7 may be P-type transistors or N-type transistors. By adopting the same type of transistors in the pixel driving circuit, the process flow is simplified, the process difficulty of the display panel is reduced, and the product yield is improved. In some possible implementation manners, the transistors T1 to T7 may include P-type transistors and N-type transistors.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the transistors T1 to T7 may be low-temperature poly-silicon thin-film transistors, oxide thin-film transistors, or a combination of low-temperature poly-silicon thin-film transistors and oxide thin-film transistors. Low-temperature poly-silicon (abbreviated as LTPS) is used for the active layer of the low-temperature poly-silicon thin-film transistor, and an oxide semiconductor (Oxide) is used for the active layer of the oxide thin-film transistor. The low-temperature poly-silicon thin-film transistor has advantages such as high mobility and fast charging, and the oxide thin-film transistor has advantages such as low leakage current. By integrating the low-temperature poly-silicon thin-film transistor and the oxide thin-film transistor on one display substrate to form a low-temperature polycrystalline oxide (abbreviated as LTPO) display substrate, the advantages of both can be utilized, low-frequency driving can be realized, power consumption can be reduced, and display quality can be improved.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the light-emitting element may be an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) including a stacked first electrode (anode), an organic light-emitting layer, and a second electrode (cathode).

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, taking the example that all seven transistors of the pixel driving circuit shown in FIG. 4 are P-type transistors, the operation process of the pixel driving circuit may include the following steps.

[0079] The first stage A1 is called the reset stage. The signal on the second scanning signal line S2 is a low-level signal, and the signals on the first scanning signal line S1 and the light-emitting signal line E are high-level signals. Since the signal on the second scanning signal line S2 is a low-level signal, the first transistor T1 and the seventh transistor T7 are turned on. When the first transistor T1 is turned on, the initial voltage of the initial signal line INIT is supplied to the second node N2, initializing (resetting) the memory capacitor C and clearing the original data voltage of the memory capacitor. When the seventh transistor T7 is turned on, the initial voltage of the initial signal line INIT is supplied to the first electrode of the OLED, initializing (resetting) the first electrode of the OLED, clearing the previously stored internal voltage, completing the initialization, and ensuring that the OLED does not emit light. The signals on the first scanning signal line S1 and the light-emitting signal line E are high-level signals, and the second transistor T2, the fourth transistor T4, the fifth transistor T5, and the sixth transistor T6 are turned off.

[0080] The second stage A2 is called the data writing stage or the threshold compensation stage. The signal of the first scanning signal line S1 is a low-level signal, the signals of the second scanning signal line S2 and the light-emitting signal line E are high-level signals, and the data signal line D outputs a data voltage. In this stage, since the second terminal of the storage capacitor C is at a low level, the third transistor T3 is turned on. The signal of the first scanning signal line S1 is a low-level signal, turning on the second transistor T2, the fourth transistor T4, and the seventh transistor T7. By turning on the second transistor T2 and the fourth transistor T4, the data voltage output by the data signal line D is supplied to the second node N2 through the first node N1, the turned-on third transistor T3, the third node N3, and the turned-on second transistor T2. The difference between the data voltage output by the data signal line D and the threshold voltage of the third transistor T3 charges the storage capacitor C, and the voltage of the second terminal (the second node N2) of the storage capacitor C is Vd - |Vth|, where Vd is the data voltage output by the data signal line D and Vth is the threshold voltage of the third transistor T3. The signal of the second scanning signal line S2 is a high-level signal, turning off the first transistor T1 and the seventh transistor T7. The signal of the light-emitting signal line E is a high-level signal, turning off the fifth transistor T5 and the sixth transistor T6.

[0081] The third stage A3 is called the light-emitting stage. The signal of the light-emitting signal line E is a low-level signal, and the signals of the first scanning signal line S1 and the second scanning signal line S2 are high-level signals. The signal of the light-emitting signal line E is a low-level signal, turning on the fifth transistor T5 and the sixth transistor T6. The power supply voltage output from the first power supply line VDD supplies a driving voltage to the first electrode of the OLED through the turned-on fifth transistor T5, the third transistor T3, and the sixth transistor T6 to drive the light emission of the OLED.

[0082] In the driving process of the pixel driving circuit, the driving current flowing through the third transistor T3 (driving transistor) is determined by the voltage difference between its gate electrode and the first electrode. Since the voltage of the second node N2 is Vdata - |Vth|, the driving current of the third transistor T3 is as follows.

[0083] I = K * (Vgs - Vth) 2 = K * [(Vdd - Vd + |Vth|) - Vth] 2 = K * [(Vdd - Vd 2

[0084] Here, I is the drive current flowing through the third transistor T3, that is, the drive current for driving the OLED. K is a constant. Vgs is the voltage difference between the gate electrode of the third transistor T3 and the first pole. Vth is the threshold voltage of the third transistor T3. Vd is the data voltage output by the data signal line D. Vdd is the power supply voltage output by the first power supply line VDD.

[0085] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure provide a display substrate, including a first display area and a second display area. The second display area at least partially surrounds the first display area. The first display area performs image display and is configured to transmit light. The second display area is configured to perform image display. In a plane perpendicular to the display substrate, the first display area includes at least a display structure layer installed on a base and a light processing layer installed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base. The light processing layer includes at least a light extraction structure for improving at least the light extraction efficiency.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the light processing layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a first light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix installed between the filter layers. The first light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of first light extraction structures installed on a side of the first cover layer away from the base, and a second cover layer installed on a side of the plurality of first light extraction structures away from the base. At least one of the first light extraction structures includes a plano-convex lens.

[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, the first light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer, or the first light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the first light extraction structure layer.

[0088] In another exemplary embodiment, the light treatment layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a second light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix disposed between the filter layers. The second light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of second light extraction structures disposed on a side away from the base of the first cover layer, and a second cover layer disposed on a side away from the base of the plurality of second light extraction structures. At least one second light extraction structure includes a prism with a trapezoidal cross-section.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, the second light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer, the second light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the second light extraction structure layer.

[0090] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the light treatment layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a composite light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix disposed between the filter layers. The composite light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of first light extraction structures and a plurality of second light extraction structures disposed on a side away from the base of the first cover layer, and a second cover layer disposed on a side away from the base of the plurality of first light extraction structures and the plurality of second light extraction structures. At least one first light extraction structure includes a plano-convex lens, and at least one second light extraction structure includes a prism with a trapezoidal cross-section.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, the composite light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer, or the composite light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the composite light extraction structure layer.

[0092] In yet another exemplary embodiment, the light processing layer includes at least a color film lens structure layer, and the color film lens structure layer is a filter light extraction multiplex structure in which a filter structure and a light extraction structure are integrated.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film lens structure layer includes at least a black matrix, a first color film layer, a second color film layer, and a filter lens layer. The black matrix is disposed at an interval on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and a light-transmitting opening is formed between adjacent black matrices. The first color film layer is respectively disposed in a plurality of light-transmitting openings, and an arc-shaped recess is disposed on a surface of the first color film layer on a side away from the base. The filter lens layer is respectively disposed on the first color film layer in a plurality of light-transmitting openings, and a lower surface of an arc-shaped convex portion of the filter lens layer is bonded to an upper surface of the arc-shaped recess of the first color film layer. The second color film layer is disposed on a side away from the bases of the plurality of black matrices and the plurality of filter lens layers.

[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, the display structure layer includes at least a driving circuit layer disposed on a substrate, a light-emitting structure layer disposed on a side away from the base, a package structure layer disposed on a side away from the base, and a touch structure layer disposed on a side away from the base. The touch structure layer includes at least a metal mesh layer including a plurality of metal lines interleaved with each other, and a positive projection of the metal lines at the base is located within at least a range of a positive projection of the black matrix in the light processing layer at the base.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, the first display area includes a plurality of pixel islands and a plurality of blank islands. In a first direction, the pixel islands and the blank islands are alternately arranged. In a second direction, the pixel islands and the blank islands are alternately arranged. The first direction and the second direction intersect.

[0096] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one pixel island includes two pixel units. The pixel unit includes one red sub-pixel that emits red light, one blue sub-pixel that emits blue light, and two green sub-pixels that emit green light. The two red sub-pixels are respectively located at one diagonal position of the pixel island. The two blue sub-pixels are respectively located at the other diagonal position of the pixel island. The four green sub-pixels are respectively located in the middle of the pixel island in the second direction.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one light-scattering structure is installed on the blank island. The light-scattering structure includes a plurality of micro-protrusions arranged in sequence. In a plane parallel to the base, the shape of the micro-protrusion includes any one or more of a triangle, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a circle, and an ellipse. In a plane perpendicular to the base, the cross-sectional shape of the micro-protrusion includes a triangle, a rectangle, or a trapezoid.

[0098] FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of the plane structure of the first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the first display area may include a plurality of pixel islands PD and a plurality of blank islands PB. In a first direction X, the pixel islands PD and the blank islands PB are alternately arranged. In a second direction Y, the pixel islands PD and the blank islands PB are alternately arranged. A blank island PB is installed between adjacent pixel islands PD in the first direction X and between adjacent pixel islands PD in the second direction Y. The blank island PB forms an interval between the pixel islands PD. The first direction and the second direction intersect.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one pixel island PD may include two pixel units P, and each pixel unit P includes a first sub-pixel P1 that emits a first color light ray, a second sub-pixel P2 that emits a second color light ray, a third sub-pixel P3 that emits a third color light ray, and a fourth sub-pixel P4. Therefore, one pixel island PD can include two first sub-pixels P1, two second sub-pixels P2, two third sub-pixels P3, and two fourth sub-pixels P4.

[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, in at least one pixel island PD, the two first sub-pixels P1 may be located at one diagonal position of the pixel island PD, the two second sub-pixels P2 may be located at the other diagonal position of the pixel island PD, and the two third sub-pixels P3 and the two fourth sub-pixels P4 may both be located in the middle of the second direction Y of the pixel island PD. For example, the two first sub-pixels P1 may be respectively located at the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the pixel island PD, the two second sub-pixels P2 may be respectively located at the upper right corner and the lower left corner of the pixel island PD, the two third sub-pixels P3 and the two fourth sub-pixels P4 may both be located in the middle of the second direction Y of the pixel island PD, the two third sub-pixels P3 may be respectively located on the left side and the right side of the first direction X of the pixel island PD, and the two fourth sub-pixels P4 may be respectively located between the two third sub-pixels P3.

[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, in a plane parallel to the display substrate, the shapes of the first sub-pixel P1, the second sub-pixel P2, the third sub-pixel P3, and the fourth sub-pixel P4 may be a rectangle, a rhombus, a pentagon, a hexagon, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited herein.

[0102] In an exemplary embodiment, the areas of the first sub-pixel P1, the second sub-pixel P2, the third sub-pixel P3, and the fourth sub-pixel P4 may be the same or different, but the present disclosure is not limited herein.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, the first sub-pixel P1 may be a red sub-pixel that emits red (R) light rays, the second sub-pixel P2 may be a blue sub-pixel that emits blue (B) light rays, and the third sub-pixel P3 and the fourth sub-pixel P4 may be green sub-pixels that emit green (G) light rays.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, since four green sub-pixels are located in the middle of the second direction Y of the pixel island PD and are sequentially arranged along the first direction X, in the process of depositing the organic light-emitting layer, a co-deposition method can be adopted to deposit the organic light-emitting layers of the four green sub-pixels simultaneously. The organic light-emitting layers of the four green sub-pixels are a connected common layer, which can effectively shorten the time of the deposition process and reduce the cost of the deposition process.

[0105] FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view in the A-A direction shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structures of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 6, in a plane perpendicular to the display substrate, the display substrate of the first display area may include a driving circuit layer 20 installed on the base 10, a light-emitting structure layer 30 installed on the side of the driving circuit layer 20 away from the base, a package structure layer 40 installed on the side of the light-emitting structure layer 30 away from the base, and an optical processing layer 50 installed on the side of the package structure layer 40 away from the base. The optical processing layer 50 may include a color film structure layer 60 installed on the side of the package structure layer 40 away from the base and a first light extraction structure layer 70 installed on the side of the color film structure layer 60 away from the base, forming a structure in which the color filter is located in the package layer (abbreviated as Color filter On Encapsulation, COE).

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, the driving circuit layer 20 can include a plurality of transistors and storage capacitors that constitute a pixel driving circuit. The light-emitting structure layer 30 can include a pixel defining layer and a light-emitting element, and the light-emitting element can include an anode, an organic light-emitting layer, and a cathode. The package structure layer 40 can include a stacked first sub-layer, second sub-layer, and third sub-layer. The first sub-layer and the third sub-layer can employ inorganic materials, and the second sub-layer can employ organic materials.

[0107] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film structure layer 60 is configured to reduce external light reflection instead of a polarizing plate, effectively improving the transmittance and color saturation of the display substrate, and effectively improving the bending resistance of the display substrate. The first light extraction structure layer 70 is configured to perform light modulation to effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film structure layer 60 can include at least a plurality of black matrices 61 and a plurality of filter layers 62. The plurality of black matrices 61 and the plurality of filter layers 62 can be installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer 40. The plurality of black matrices 61 can be installed at intervals, and a light-transmitting opening can be formed between adjacent black matrices 61. The plurality of filter layers 62 can be installed at intervals and are respectively installed in the plurality of light-transmitting openings, and a filter layer array partitioned by the black matrices 61 can be formed. The black matrix 61 is located between adjacent filter layers 62.

[0109] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of filter layers 62 can include a red filter layer that transmits red light, a blue filter layer that transmits blue light, and a green filter layer that transmits green light. The red filter layer can be located in the region where the red sub-pixel (the first sub-pixel P1) is located. The blue filter layer can be located in the region where the blue sub-pixel (the second sub-pixel P2) is located. The green filter layer can be located in the region where the green sub-pixels (the third sub-pixel P3 and the fourth sub-pixel P4) are located.

[0110] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light extraction structure layer 70 may include at least a first cover layer 71, a second cover layer 72, and a plurality of first light extraction structures 73. The first cover layer 71 may be disposed on the side away from the base of the color film structure layer 60, and the first cover layer 71 may cover the black matrix 61 and the plurality of filter layers 62. The plurality of first light extraction structures 73 may be disposed on the side away from the base of the first cover layer 71, and the positions of the plurality of first light extraction structures 73 and the positions of the plurality of filter layers 62 may correspond one-to-one. The second cover layer 72 may be disposed on the side away from the base of the plurality of first light extraction structures 73, and the second cover layer 72 may cover the plurality of first light extraction structures 73.

[0111] In an exemplary embodiment, the surfaces on the sides away from the bases of the first cover layer 71 and the second cover layer 72 may be flattened surfaces.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the first light extraction structure 73 at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the base of the filter layer 62.

[0113] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the first light extraction structure 73 can be located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the filter layer 62.

[0114] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the first light extraction structure 73 may basically overlap the orthographic projection of the base of the filter layer 62.

[0115] In an exemplary embodiment, there is no overlapping portion between the orthographic projection of the base of the first light extraction structure 73 and the orthographic projection of the base of the black matrix 61.

[0116] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light extraction structure 73 may be a spherical crown body. In a plane perpendicular to the base, the cross-sectional shape of the first light extraction structure 73 may be a circular crown shape, forming a plano-convex convex lens that is flat at the bottom and convex at the top (i.e., the bottom surface is flat and the top surface is convex), and configured as a convex lens for condensing light, deflecting the emitted light of the sub-pixel in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel, and improving the light extraction efficiency of the sub-pixel. In an exemplary embodiment, the center of the sub-pixel may be the geometric center of the sub-pixel.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, the light emitted from the light-emitting element in the light-emitting structure layer 30 passes through the package structure layer 40, the filter layer 62, and the first cover layer 71, and then enters the interface between the first cover layer 71 and the first light extraction structure 73 at a first incident angle θi1, enters the first light extraction structure 73 at a first refraction angle θo1, the light is transferred within the first light extraction structure 73, and then enters the interface between the first light extraction structure 73 and the second cover layer 72 at a second incident angle θi2, and enters the second cover layer 72 at a second refraction angle θo2.

[0118] In an exemplary embodiment, the first cover layer 71 has a first refractive index n1, the second cover layer 72 has a second refractive index n2, the first light extraction structure 73 has a first light extraction refractive index nc1, and the first light extraction refractive index nc1≥the first refractive index n1, and the first light extraction refractive index nc1>the second refractive index n2.

[0119] In an exemplary embodiment, as can be seen from the refraction law n1*Sinθi1 = nc1*Sinθo1, since the first light extraction refractive index nc1≥the first refractive index n1, the first incident angle θi1 at which light enters the first light extraction structure 73 is greater than or equal to the first refraction angle θo1 at which light enters the first light extraction structure 73, that is, for the incident light, the light entering the first light extraction structure 73 is deflected in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel. The greater the difference between the first refractive index n1 and the first light extraction refractive index nc1, the greater the degree of deflection of the light entering the first light extraction structure 73 toward the center of the sub-pixel.

[0120] In an exemplary embodiment, as can be seen from Snell's law \(n_{c1}\times\sin\theta_{i2}=n_2\times\sin\theta_{o2}\), since the first light extraction refractive index \(n_{c1}>n_2\), the second incident angle \(\theta_{i2}\) of light incident on the second cover layer 72 is smaller than the second refraction angle \(\theta_{o2}\) of light incident on the second cover layer 72. That is, for incident light, the light incident on the second cover layer 72 is deflected toward the center of the sub-pixel. The greater the difference between the first light extraction refractive index \(n_{c1}\) and the second refractive index \(n_2\), the greater the degree of deflection of the light incident on the second cover layer 72 toward the center of the sub-pixel.

[0121] In an exemplary embodiment, \(1 / 3 < h_1 / H < 1 / 1.1\).

[0122] Here, \(H\) is the cover thickness of the second cover layer 72, and \(h_1\) is the first height of the first light extraction structure 73.

[0123] In an exemplary embodiment, the cover thickness \(H\) of the second cover layer 72 may be the maximum thickness of the second cover layer 72, and the cover thickness \(H\) may be the distance between the surface on the side away from the base of the second cover layer 72 and the surface on the side close to the base of the second cover layer 72.

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, the first height \(h_1\) of the first light extraction structure 73 may be the maximum height of the first light extraction structure 73, and the first height \(h_1\) may be the distance between the surface on the side away from the base of the first light extraction structure 73 and the surface on the side close to the base of the first light extraction structure 73.

[0125] The display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a first light extraction structure layer including a first cover layer, a first light extraction structure, and a second cover layer. The refractive index of the first light extraction structure is greater than the refractive indices of the first cover layer and the second cover layer, respectively. By using refraction to deflect the emitted light toward the center of the sub-pixel, the light extraction efficiency of the sub-pixel can be effectively improved, the light-emitting color gamut can be improved, and the display quality can be improved.

[0126] FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structure of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 7, in a plane perpendicular to the display substrate, the display substrate of the first display area may include a driving circuit layer 20 installed on a base 10, a light-emitting structure layer 30 installed on a side away from the base of the driving circuit layer 20, a package structure layer 40 installed on a side away from the base of the light-emitting structure layer 30, and an optical processing layer 50 installed on a side away from the base of the package structure layer 40. The optical processing layer 50 may include a color film structure layer 60 installed on a side away from the base of the package structure layer 40 and a second light extraction structure layer 80 installed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer 60, and a structure in which the color film is located in the package layer (abbreviated as Color filter On Encapsulation, COE) is formed.

[0127] In an exemplary embodiment, the structures of the driving circuit layer 20, the light-emitting structure layer 30, the package structure layer 40, and the color film structure layer 60 in this exemplary embodiment are basically the same as the structures of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, and the second light extraction structure layer 80 is configured to perform light modulation in order to effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of the sub-pixels.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment, the second light extraction structure layer 80 may include at least a first cover layer 71, a second cover layer 72, and a plurality of second light extraction structures 74. The first cover layer 71 may be installed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer 60, and the first cover layer 71 may cover the black matrix 61 and the plurality of filter layers 62. The plurality of second light extraction structures 74 may be installed on a side away from the base of the first cover layer 71, and the positions of the plurality of second light extraction structures 74 may correspond one-to-one to the positions of the plurality of black matrices 61. The second cover layer 72 may be installed on a side away from the base of the plurality of second light extraction structures 74, and the second cover layer 72 may cover the plurality of second light extraction structures 74.

[0129] In an exemplary embodiment, the surfaces of the first cover layer 71 and the second cover layer 72 on the side away from the base may be flattened surfaces.

[0130] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the second light extraction structure 74 on the base at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the black matrix 61 on the base.

[0131] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the black matrix 61 on the base can be located within the range of the orthographic projection of the second light extraction structure 74 on the base.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the second light extraction structure 74 on the base at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the filter layer 62 on the base.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, the second light extraction structure 74 may be a prism body. In a plane perpendicular to the base, the cross-sectional shape of the second light extraction structure 74 may be trapezoidal, and it is configured as a prism for condensing light, forming a prism with a trapezoidal cross-section, deflecting the emitted light of the sub-pixel in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel, and improving the light extraction efficiency of the sub-pixel.

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, the trapezoidal cross-section of the second light extraction structure 74 may include an upper base, a lower base, and two side walls. The side walls have a hook angle α, and 60° < α < 90°.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, 1 / 3 < h2 / H < 1 / 1.2.

[0136] Here, H is the cover thickness of the second cover layer 72, h2 is the second height of the second light extraction structure 74, and the second height h2 of the second light extraction structure 74 may be the maximum height of the second light extraction structure 74, that is, the distance between the surface on the side away from the base of the second light extraction structure 74 and the surface on the side close to the base of the second light extraction structure 74.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment, the second cover layer 72 has a second refractive index n2, the second light extraction structure 74 has a second light extraction refractive index nc2, and the second light extraction refractive index nc2 < the second refractive index n2.

[0138] The third incident angle θi3 > the total reflection critical angle β, and the total reflection critical angle β = arcsin(nc2 / n2).

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, the light emitted from the light emitting element in the light emitting structure layer 30 passes through the package structure layer 40, the filter layer 62, the first cover layer 71, and the second cover layer 72, and then is incident on the interface between the second cover layer 72 and the second light extraction structure 74 at the third incident angle θi3. Since the third incident angle θi3 is greater than the total reflection critical angle β, the incident light is totally reflected and re - incident on the second cover layer 72 at the third reflection angle θo3. The light re - incident on the second cover layer 72 is deflected toward the center of the sub - pixel. The third incident angle θi3 = the third reflection angle θo3.

[0140] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection at the base of at least one sub - pixel at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection at the base of two second light extraction structures 74. The chamfer angles of the side walls of the two second light extraction structures 74 located within the region where the sub - pixel is located may be the same or different.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, the side walls of the two second light extraction structures 74 located within the region where the red sub - pixel is located have a first chamfer angle α1, the side walls of the two second light extraction structures 74 located within the region where the blue sub - pixel is located have a second chamfer angle α2, and the side walls of the two second light extraction structures 74 located within the region where the green sub - pixel is located have a third chamfer angle α3. The first chamfer angle α1 is smaller than the second chamfer angle α2, and the first chamfer angle α1 is smaller than the third chamfer angle α3.

[0142] In an exemplary embodiment, the included angle of the side wall of the second light extraction structure is related to the probability of total internal reflection of light. The larger the included angle, the smaller the probability of total internal reflection of light; the smaller the included angle, the higher the probability of total internal reflection of light. The probability of total internal reflection of light is correlated with the wavelength. The smaller the wavelength, the smaller the critical angle of total internal reflection β. Therefore, when the included angles of the side walls of the second light extraction structure in the regions where the red sub-pixels, blue sub-pixels, and green sub-pixels are located are the same, the probability of total internal reflection of light in the blue sub-pixels is greater than that in the green sub-pixels, and the probability of total internal reflection of light in the green sub-pixels is greater than that in the red sub-pixels. This causes the problem that the large viewing angle becomes blue. The present disclosure sets the included angle of the red sub-pixels to be smaller than the included angles of the other sub-pixels, so that the probability of total internal reflection of light in the red sub-pixels is greater than the probability of total internal reflection of light in the other sub-pixels, effectively increasing the red light, reducing the green light and the blue light, and effectively avoiding the problem that the large viewing angle becomes blue.

[0143] The display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a second light extraction structure layer including a first cover layer, a second light extraction structure, and a second cover layer. The refractive index of the second light extraction structure is smaller than the refractive index of the second cover layer. By using total internal reflection to deflect the emitted light toward the center of the sub-pixel, the light extraction efficiency of the sub-pixel can be effectively improved, the light-emitting color gamut can be improved, and the display quality can be improved.

[0144] The display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with the included angle of the second light extraction structure in the sub-pixel. By making the included angle of the side wall of the second light extraction structure in the region where the red sub-pixel is located smaller than the included angle of the side wall of the second light extraction structure in the region where the other sub-pixels are located, the red light can be effectively increased, the green light and the blue light can be effectively reduced, and the problem that the large viewing angle becomes blue can be effectively avoided.

[0145] FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another first display region of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structure of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 8, in a plane perpendicular to the display substrate, the display substrate of the first display region includes a driving circuit layer 20 installed on a base 10, a light-emitting structure layer 30 installed on a side away from the base of the driving circuit layer 20, a package structure layer 40 installed on a side away from the base of the light-emitting structure layer 30, and an optical processing layer 50 installed on a side away from the base of the package structure layer 40. The optical processing layer 50 may include a color film structure layer 60 installed on a side away from the base of the package structure layer 40 and a first light extraction structure layer 75 installed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer 60, forming a structure in which the color film is located in the package layer (abbreviated as Color filter On Encapsulation, COE).

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, the structures of the driving circuit layer 20, the light-emitting structure layer 30, the package structure layer 40, and the color film structure layer 60 in this exemplary embodiment are basically the same as those of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6. The composite light extraction structure layer 75 is configured to perform ray modulation in order to effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of the sub-pixels.

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment, the composite light extraction structure layer 75 may include at least a first cover layer 71, a second cover layer 72, a plurality of first light extraction structures 73, and a plurality of second light extraction structures 74. The first cover layer 71 may be disposed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer 60, and the first cover layer 71 may cover the black matrix 61 and the plurality of filter layers 62. The plurality of first light extraction structures 73 and the plurality of second light extraction structures 74 may be disposed on a side away from the base of the first cover layer 71, the first light extraction structures 73 and the second light extraction structures 74 may be alternately disposed, the positions of the plurality of first light extraction structures 73 and the positions of the plurality of filter layers 62 may correspond one-to-one, and the positions of the plurality of second light extraction structures 74 and the positions of the plurality of black matrices 61 may correspond one-to-one. The second cover layer 72 may be disposed on a side away from the base of the plurality of first light extraction structures 73 and the plurality of second light extraction structures 74, and the second cover layer 72 may cover the plurality of first light extraction structures 73 and the plurality of second light extraction structures 74.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, the surfaces on the sides away from the bases of the first cover layer 71 and the second cover layer 72 may be flattened surfaces.

[0149] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the first light extraction structure 73 can be located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the filter layer 62, and there is no overlapping portion between the orthographic projection of the base of the first light extraction structure 73 and the orthographic projection of the base of the black matrix 61.

[0150] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the black matrix 61 can be located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the second light extraction structure 74, and the orthographic projection of the base of the second light extraction structure 74 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the base of the filter layer 62.

[0151] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light extraction structure 73 may be a spherical cap and may be configured as a convex lens for condensing light. The second light extraction structure 74 may be a prism body and may be configured as a prism for condensing light. The first light extraction structure 73 and the second light extraction structure 74 of this exemplary embodiment may be basically the same as the light extraction structures of the foregoing embodiments, but will not be described herein.

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, the refractive index nc1 of the first light extraction is nc1 ≥ n1, the refractive index nc1 of the first light extraction is nc1 > n2, and the refractive index nc2 of the second light extraction light is nc2 < n2.

[0153] In an exemplary embodiment, 1 / 3 < h1 / H < 1 / 1.1 and 1 / 3 < h2 / H < 1 / 1.2.

[0154] The display substrate according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is provided with a composite light extraction structure layer including a first cover layer, a first light extraction structure, a second light extraction structure, and a second cover layer, and by using refraction and total reflection to deflect the emitted light in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel, the light extraction efficiency of the sub-pixel can be maximally improved, the light-emitting color gamut can be improved, the problem that the large viewing angle turns blue can be effectively avoided, and the display quality can be improved.

[0155] FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another first display area of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A direction shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structures of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 9, the main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment is basically the same as the main body structure of the display substrate shown in FIG. 6, and the difference is that the first light extraction structure layer 70 in the light processing layer 50 is installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer 40, and the color film structure layer 60 is installed on the side away from the base of the first light extraction structure layer 70.

[0156] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light extraction structure 73 is a spherical crown body and may be configured as a convex lens for condensing light. The structure and parameters of the first light extraction structure 73 in this exemplary embodiment are basically the same as those of the first light extraction structure 73 shown in FIG. 6 and will not be described herein.

[0157] The display substrate according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can not only effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels, improve the light-emitting color gamut, and improve the display quality, but also be close to the first light extraction structure layer, and the light emitted from the display structure layer is modulated and then installed so as to enter the color film structure layer, thereby improving the efficiency of light modulation and further improving the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels.

[0158] FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another first display area of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view in the A-A direction shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structures of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 10, the main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment is basically the same as the main body structure of the display substrate shown in FIG. 7. The difference is that the second light extraction structure layer 80 in the light processing layer 50 is installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer 40, and the color film structure layer 60 is installed on the side away from the base of the second light extraction structure layer 80.

[0159] In an exemplary embodiment, the second light extraction structure 74 is a prism body and may be configured as a prism for condensing light. The structure and parameters of the second light extraction structure 74 in this exemplary embodiment are basically the same as those of the second light extraction structure 74 shown in FIG. 7 and will not be described herein.

[0160] The display substrate according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can not only effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels, improve the light-emitting color gamut, and improve the display quality, but also be close to the second light extraction structure layer, and the light emitted from the display structure layer is modulated and then installed so as to enter the color film structure layer, thereby improving the efficiency of light modulation and further improving the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels.

[0161] FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A direction shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structure of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 11, the main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment is basically the same as the main body structure of the display substrate shown in FIG. 8. The difference is that the composite light extraction structure layer 75 in the optical processing layer 50 is installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer 40, and the color film structure layer 60 is installed on the side away from the base of the composite light extraction structure layer 75.

[0162] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light extraction structure 73 is a spherical crown and may be configured as a convex lens for condensing light. The second light extraction structure 74 is a prism body and may be configured as a prism for condensing light. The structures and parameters of the first light extraction structure 73 and the second light extraction structure 74 in this exemplary embodiment may be basically the same as the structures and parameters of the first light extraction structure 73 and the second light extraction structure 74 in the foregoing embodiments, but will not be described here.

[0163] The display substrate according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can not only effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels, improve the emission color gamut, and improve the display quality, but also make the composite light extraction structure layer closer to the base, and install it so that the light emitted from the display structure layer enters the color film structure layer after being modulated, thereby improving the efficiency of light modulation and further improving the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels.

[0164] FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structure of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 12, the main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment is basically the same as the main body structure of the display substrate shown in FIG. 6. The difference is that the light processing layer 50 according to this exemplary embodiment may further include a third light extraction structure layer 90, the color film structure layer 60 is installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer 40, the first light extraction structure layer 70 is installed on the side away from the base of the color film structure layer 60, and the third light extraction structure layer 90 is installed on the side away from the base of the first light extraction structure layer 70.

[0165] In an exemplary embodiment, the third light extraction structure layer 90 may include at least a plurality of third light extraction structures 91 and a third cover layer 92. The plurality of third light extraction structures 91 may be installed on the side away from the base of the second cover layer 72, the third cover layer 92 may be installed on the side away from the base of the plurality of third light extraction structures 91, and the third cover layer 92 may cover the plurality of third light extraction structures 91.

[0166] In an exemplary embodiment, the surface on the side away from the base of the third cover layer 92 may be a flattened surface.

[0167] In an exemplary embodiment, the third light extraction structure 91 may be a microlens group. The microlens group may include a plurality of sequentially installed microlenses. The microlenses are configured to perform light modulation in order to effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of the sub-pixels.

[0168] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the third light extraction structure 91 on the base at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first light extraction structure 73 on the base.

[0169] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the third light extraction structure 91 on the base can be located within the range of the orthographic projection of the filter layer 62 on the base.

[0170] The display substrate according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can not only effectively improve the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels, improve the light-emitting color gamut, and improve the display quality, but also further improve the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels, further improve the light-emitting color gamut, and further improve the display quality by installing a third light extraction structure.

[0171] In one possible exemplary embodiment, a third light extraction structure layer may be installed in the structure shown in FIG. 8, and the third light extraction structure layer is installed on the side away from the base of the composite light extraction structure layer.

[0172] In one possible exemplary embodiment, a third light extraction structure layer may be installed in the structures shown in FIGS. 9 and 11, and the third light extraction structure layer is installed on the side away from the base of the color film structure layer.

[0173] FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another first display area of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view in the A-A direction shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structures of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 13, the main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment is basically the same as the main body structure of the display substrate shown in FIG. 6, except that the main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment may further include a touch structure layer 110.

[0174] In an exemplary embodiment, the touch structure layer 110 may be installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer 40, and the color film structure layer 60 may be installed on the side away from the base of the touch structure layer 110.

[0175] In an exemplary embodiment, in a plane perpendicular to the base, the touch structure layer 110 may include at least a metal mesh layer. The metal mesh layer is in the form of a metal mesh and includes a plurality of intertwined metal wires 111. The plurality of metal wires 111 are surrounded by a mesh pattern. In a plane parallel to the base, the shape of the mesh pattern may be any one or more of a triangle, a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, a trapezoid, a pentagon, and a hexagon.

[0176] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the metal wire 111 on the base at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the black matrix 61 on the base.

[0177] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the metal wire 111 on the base can be located at least within the range of the orthographic projection of the black matrix 61, and the black matrix 61 can be used to shield the metal wire 111, thereby avoiding light reflection by the metal wire 111.

[0178] In an exemplary embodiment, the touch structure layer 110 may have a flexible single layer on cell (FSLOC) structure, and the touch structure layer 110 may include a first touch insulating layer, a metal mesh layer, and a second touch insulating layer. The first touch insulating layer may be located closer to the base of the metal mesh layer, and the second touch insulating layer may be located farther from the base of the metal mesh layer.

[0179] In an exemplary embodiment, the touch structure layer 110 may have a flexible multi layer on cell (FMLOC) structure, and the touch structure layer 110 may include a first touch insulating layer, a first metal mesh layer, a second touch insulating layer, a second metal mesh layer, and a third touch insulating layer. The first touch insulating layer may be located closer to the base of the first metal mesh layer, the second touch insulating layer may be located farther from the base of the first metal mesh layer, the second metal mesh layer may be located farther from the base of the second touch insulating layer, and the third touch insulating layer may be located farther from the base of the second metal mesh layer.

[0180] The display substrate according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can effectively improve the light emission efficiency of sub-pixels, improve the light emission color gamut, and improve the display quality. In addition, the black matrix can be used to shield the metal wires in the touch structure layer, effectively avoiding light reflection by the metal wires, and improving the display quality.

[0181] In an exemplary embodiment, a touch structure layer can be installed in the structure shown in FIGS. 7 to 11. The touch structure layer is installed on the side closer to the base of the color film structure layer, both avoiding light reflection by metal wires and realizing the technical effect of improving the display quality, which will not be described here.

[0182] FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, which is a cross-sectional view in the A-A direction shown in FIG. 5 and shows the structure of four sub-pixels. As shown in FIG. 14, in a plane perpendicular to the display substrate, the display substrate of the first display area includes a driving circuit layer 20 installed on a base 10, a light-emitting structure layer 30 installed on the side away from the base of the driving circuit layer 20, a package structure layer 40 installed on the side away from the base of the light-emitting structure layer 30, a touch structure layer 110 installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer 40, and an optical processing layer 50 installed on the side away from the base of the touch structure layer 110. The optical processing layer 50 may include a color film structure layer 120 installed on the side away from the base of the package structure layer 40, forming a structure where the color film is located in the package layer (abbreviated as Color filter On Encapsulation, COE).

[0183] In an exemplary embodiment, the structures of the driving circuit layer 20, the light-emitting structure layer 30, and the package structure layer 40 in this exemplary embodiment are basically the same as those in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6. The color film lens structure layer 120 is configured to reduce the reflection of external light instead of a polarizing plate in one aspect, effectively improving the transmittance and chroma of the display substrate and effectively improving the bending resistance of the display substrate. In another aspect, it is configured to perform light modulation to effectively improve the light-emitting efficiency of the sub-pixels.

[0184] In an exemplary embodiment, the touch structure layer 110 may include a first touch insulating layer, a metal mesh layer, and a second touch insulating layer. The first touch insulating layer may be disposed on a side away from the base of the package structure layer 40. The metal mesh layer may be disposed on a side away from the base of the first touch insulating layer. The second touch insulating layer may be disposed on a side away from the base of the metal mesh layer. The orthographic projection of the metal wires in the metal mesh layer on the base may be located within at least the range of the orthographic projection of the black matrix on the base.

[0185] In an exemplary embodiment, the color film lens structure layer 120 may include at least a black matrix 61, a first color film layer 121, a second color film layer 122, and a plurality of filter lens layers 123.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of black matrices 61 may be disposed on a side away from the base of the touch structure layer 110. The plurality of black matrices 61 may be disposed at intervals, and a light-transmitting opening may be formed between adjacent black matrices 61.

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of first color film layers 121 may be disposed at intervals and may be respectively disposed on the touch structure layer 110 within the plurality of light-transmitting openings. The shape of the first color film layer 121 may be a columnar structure, and an arc-shaped recess may be disposed on the upper surface (the surface on the side away from the base) of the first color film layer 121.

[0188] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of filter lens layers 123 may be disposed at intervals and may be respectively disposed on the first color film layer 121 within the plurality of light-transmitting openings. The filter lens layer 123 may be a spherical crown body, forming a plano-convex lens with a flat upper surface and a convex lower surface (i.e., the upper surface is flat and the lower surface is convex). The arc-shaped convex lower surface (the surface on the side close to the base) of the filter lens layer 123 is in close contact with the upper surface (the surface on the side away from the base) of the arc-shaped recess in the first color film layer 121, forming a filter light extraction multi-structure in which the filter structure and the light extraction structure are integrated. The filter lens layer 123 is configured as a lens for condensing light.

[0189] In an exemplary embodiment, the second color film layer 122 may be disposed on a side away from the bases of the plurality of black matrices 61 and the plurality of filter lens layers 123, and the second color film layer 122 may cover the plurality of black matrices 61 and the plurality of filter lens layers 123.

[0190] In an exemplary embodiment, the surface on the side away from the base of the second color film layer 122 may be a flattened surface.

[0191] In an exemplary embodiment, the light emitted from the light-emitting element in the light-emitting structure layer 30 passes through the package structure layer 40, the touch structure layer 110, and the first color film layer 121, and then is incident on the interface between the first color film layer 121 and the filter lens layer 123 at a first incident angle θi1, and is incident on the filter lens layer 123 at a first refraction angle θo1. After the light is transferred by the filter lens layer 123, it is incident on the interface between the filter lens layer 123 and the second color film layer 122 at a second incident angle θi2, and is incident on the second color film layer 122 at a second refraction angle θo2.

[0192] In an exemplary embodiment, the first color film layer 121 has a first color film refractive index nf1, the second color film layer 122 has a second color film refractive index nf2, the filter lens layer 123 has a filter lens refractive index ncf, the filter lens refractive index ncf > the first color film refractive index nf1, and the filter lens refractive index ncf < the second color film refractive index nf2.

[0193] In an exemplary embodiment, as can be seen from the law of refraction nf1 * sinθi1 = ncf * sinθo1, since the filter lens refractive index ncf > the first color film refractive index nf1, the first incident angle θi1 at which the light is incident on the filter lens layer 123 is larger than the first refraction angle θo1 at which the light is incident on the filter lens layer 123. That is, for the incident light, the light incident on the filter lens layer 123 is deflected in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel.

[0194] In an exemplary embodiment, as can be seen from Snell's law \(n_{cf}*\sin\theta_{i2}=n_{f2}*\sin\theta_{o2}\), since the refractive index \(n_{cf}\) of the filter lens is less than the refractive index \(n_{f2}\) of the second color film, the second incident angle \(\theta_{i2}\) at which light enters the second color film layer 122 is greater than the second refraction angle \(\theta_{o2}\) at which light enters the second color film layer 122. That is, for the incident light, the light entering the second color film layer 122 is deflected toward the center of the sub-pixel.

[0195] The display substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure installs a filter light extraction multiplex structure that multiplexes a filter structure and a light extraction structure, thereby effectively improving the light extraction efficiency of sub-pixels, improving the light-emitting color gamut, improving the display quality, and effectively reducing the thickness of the display substrate, which is advantageous for realizing a thin display device.

[0196] FIG. 15 is a schematic plan view of another first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment is basically the same as the main body structure of the display substrate shown in FIG. 5. The difference is that a light scattering structure is further installed in the first display area of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15, the first display area may include a plurality of pixel islands PD and blank islands PB. In the first direction X, the pixel islands PD and the blank islands PB are alternately installed. In the second direction Y, the pixel islands PD and the blank islands PB are alternately installed. Blank islands PB are installed between adjacent pixel islands PD in the first direction X and between adjacent pixel islands PD in the second direction Y. The blank islands PB form the intervals between the pixel islands PD, and a light scattering structure 300 is installed on at least one blank island PB.

[0197] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one light scattering structure 300 is installed in the blank island PB and may be installed on at least one side of the pixel island PD. The light scattering structure 300 is configured to increase the scattering at the edge of the pixel island PD and reduce the display difference between the first display area and the second display area.

[0198] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one diffractive structure 300 may include two first diffractive strips 310 and two second diffractive strips 320. The shape of the first diffractive strip 310 may be strip-shaped extending along the first direction X, and may be respectively installed on both sides of the pixel island PD in the second direction Y, and the two first diffractive strips 310 may be installed oppositely. The shape of the second diffractive strip 320 may be strip-shaped extending along the second direction Y, and may be respectively installed on both sides of the pixel island PD in the first direction X, and the two second diffractive strips 320 may be installed oppositely.

[0199] In an exemplary embodiment, the first diffractive strip 310 and the second diffractive strip 320 may include a plurality of micro-protrusions installed sequentially. In a plane parallel to the base, the shape of the micro-protrusions may include any one or more of a triangle, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a circle, and an ellipse. In a plane perpendicular to the base, the cross-sectional shape of the micro-protrusions may include a triangle or a trapezoid, etc.

[0200] In an exemplary embodiment, the micro-protrusions may use a metal material, be installed in the corresponding conductive layer in the driving circuit layer, and be formed synchronously by the same patterning process as the corresponding conductive layer.

[0201] FIG. 16 is a schematic plan view of the plane structure of another first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment is basically the same as the main body structure of the display substrate shown in FIG. 15, and the difference is that the diffractive structure 300 of this exemplary embodiment is ring-shaped surrounding the pixel island PD.

[0202] As shown in FIG. 16, in an exemplary embodiment, at least one diffractive structure 300 further includes a third diffractive strip 320 respectively connected to the first diffractive strip 310 and the second diffractive strip 320, and the first diffractive strip 310, the second diffractive strip 320, and the third diffractive strip 320 are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped diffractive structure 300 surrounding the pixel island PD.

[0203] In an exemplary embodiment, the first astigmatic strip 310, the second astigmatic strip 320, and the third astigmatic strip 320 may include a plurality of micro protrusions installed sequentially.

[0204] FIG. 17 is a schematic plan view of the planar structure of another first display area of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The main body structure of the display substrate according to this exemplary embodiment is basically the same as the main body structure of the display substrate shown in FIG. 16. The difference is that a connection strip is installed between adjacent astigmatic structures 300 in this exemplary embodiment.

[0205] As shown in FIG. 17, in an exemplary embodiment, the astigmatic structure 300 of this exemplary embodiment may include a first astigmatic strip 310, a second astigmatic strip 320, a third astigmatic strip 320, a first connection strip 340, and a second connection strip 350. The first astigmatic strip 310, the second astigmatic strip 320, and the third astigmatic strip 320 are sequentially connected to form a sub-astigmatic structure surrounding one pixel island PD. A first connection strip 340 is installed between sub-astigmatic structures adjacent in the second direction Y. The first connection strip 340 is respectively connected to the first astigmatic strip 310 of the sub-astigmatic structure adjacent in the second direction Y and the first astigmatic strip 310 of the sub-astigmatic structure adjacent in the opposite direction of the second direction Y, forming a connection channel between sub-astigmatic structures adjacent in the second direction Y and communicating the sub-astigmatic structures adjacent in the second direction Y with each other. A second connection strip 350 is installed between sub-astigmatic structures adjacent in the first direction X. The second connection strip 350 is respectively connected to the second astigmatic strip 320 of the sub-astigmatic structure adjacent in the first direction X and the second astigmatic strip 320 of the sub-astigmatic structure adjacent in the opposite direction of the first direction X, forming a connection channel between sub-astigmatic structures adjacent in the first direction X and communicating the sub-astigmatic structures adjacent in the first direction X with each other. In this way, an astigmatic structure 300 surrounding the pixel island PD and communicating with each other is formed.

[0206] In an exemplary embodiment, a first signal connection line extending along the first direction X is disposed between pixel islands PD adjacent in the first direction X, and the first signal connection line is configured to be connected to pixel driving circuits in two pixel islands PD respectively, realizing the interconnection of a plurality of pixel driving circuits. The orthographic projection of the base of the second connection strip 350 at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the base of the first signal connection line.

[0207] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the first signal connection line can be located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the second connection strip 350.

[0208] In an exemplary embodiment, a second signal connection line extending along the second direction Y is disposed between pixel islands PD adjacent in the second direction Y, and the second signal connection line is configured to be connected to pixel driving circuits in two pixel islands PD respectively, realizing the interconnection of a plurality of pixel driving circuits. The orthographic projection of the base of the first connection strip 340 at least partially overlaps the orthographic projection of the base of the second signal connection line.

[0209] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the base of the second signal connection line can be located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the first connection strip 340.

[0210] The display substrate according to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure not only realizes the technical effects of the foregoing embodiments, but also can effectively increase the scattering of the edges of the pixel islands and the regions where the signal connection lines are located by providing a light scattering structure, and can effectively reduce the display difference between the first display region and the second display region.

[0211] Hereinafter, an exemplary description will be given according to the manufacturing process of the display substrate. The "patterning process" referred to in the present disclosure includes, for metal materials, inorganic materials, or transparent conductive materials, processes such as photoresist coating, mask exposure, development, etching, and photoresist stripping, and for organic materials, processes such as organic material coating, mask exposure, and development. Deposition may be any one or more of sputtering, evaporation, and chemical vapor deposition, coating may be any one or more of spraying, spin coating, and inkjet printing, and etching may be any one or more of dry etching and wet etching, and the present disclosure does not limit this. The "thin film" refers to a thin film formed by deposition, coating, or other methods based on a certain material. If the "thin film" does not require a patterning process throughout the manufacturing process, the "thin film" can also be called a "layer". If the "thin film" requires a patterning process throughout the manufacturing process, it is called a "thin film" before the patterning process and a "layer" after the patterning process. The "layer" after the patterning process includes at least one "pattern". The statement "A and B are installed in the same layer" in the present disclosure means that A and B are simultaneously formed by the same patterning process, and the "thickness" of the film layer is the dimension of the film layer in the direction perpendicular to the display device. In the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the statement "the orthographic projection of B is within the range of the orthographic projection of A" or "the orthographic projection of A includes the orthographic projection of B" means that the boundary of the orthographic projection of B is within the range of the boundary of the orthographic projection of A, or the boundary of the orthographic projection of A overlaps with the boundary of the orthographic projection of B.

[0212] In an exemplary embodiment, taking the three sub-pixels in the first display area as an example, the manufacturing process of the display substrate can include the following steps.

[0213] (1) Form a driving circuit layer pattern. In an exemplary embodiment, forming a driving circuit layer pattern can include the following steps:

[0214] Deposit a first insulating thin film and a semiconductor thin film on the base 10 in sequence, pattern the semiconductor thin film by a patterning process to form a first insulating layer covering the base and a semiconductor layer pattern disposed on the first insulating layer, and the semiconductor layer pattern of each sub-pixel can include at least a plurality of active layers.

[0215] Next, deposit a second insulating thin film and a first conductive thin film in sequence, pattern the first conductive thin film by a patterning process to form a second insulating layer covering the semiconductor layer pattern and a first conductive layer pattern disposed on the second insulating layer, and the first conductive layer pattern of each sub-pixel can include at least a plurality of gate electrodes and a first electrode plate.

[0216] Next, deposit a third insulating thin film and a second conductive thin film in sequence, pattern the second conductive thin film by a patterning process to form a third insulating layer covering the first conductive layer and a second conductive layer pattern disposed on the third insulating layer, and the second conductive layer pattern of each sub-pixel includes at least a second electrode plate, and the orthographic projection of the second electrode plate on the base overlaps at least partially with the orthographic projection of the first electrode plate on the base.

[0217] Next, deposit a fourth insulating thin film, pattern the fourth insulating thin film by a patterning process to form a fourth insulating layer pattern covering the second conductive layer pattern, form two active vias in the fourth insulating layer of each sub-pixel, and the two active vias expose both ends of the active layer respectively.

[0218] Next, deposit a third conductive thin film, pattern the third conductive thin film by a patterning process to form a third conductive layer pattern on the fourth insulating layer, the third conductive layer pattern includes at least a source electrode and a drain electrode located in each sub-pixel and a light scattering structure 300 located outside the pixel unit, and the source electrode and the drain electrode are connected to the active layer through the active vias respectively.

[0219] In an exemplary embodiment, the astigmatic structure 300 may include a plurality of micro-protrusions arranged sequentially. In a plane parallel to the base, the shape of the micro-protrusions may include any one or more of a triangle, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a circle, and an ellipse. In a plane perpendicular to the base, the cross-sectional shape of the micro-protrusion 300A may include a triangle, a rectangle, or a trapezoid.

[0220] Next, a flat thin film is coated on the base on which the above pattern is formed, and the flat thin film is patterned by a patterning process to form a flat layer pattern covering the third conductive layer pattern. At least one connection via is formed in the flat layer of each sub-pixel, and the connection via exposes the surface of the drain electrode.

[0221] So far, as shown in FIG. 18, which is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B of FIG. 17, the driving circuit layer 20 pattern has been created. In an exemplary embodiment, the driving circuit layer 20 of each sub-pixel may include a plurality of transistors and a storage capacitor that constitute a pixel driving circuit. However, in FIG. 18, only the example where the pixel driving circuit includes one transistor 101A and a storage capacitor 101B is taken as an example.

[0222] In an exemplary embodiment, the transistor 101A may include an active layer, a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode, and the storage capacitor 101B may include a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate. In an exemplary embodiment, the transistor 101A may be a driving transistor in the pixel driving circuit, and the driving transistor may be a thin film transistor (TFT).

[0223] In an exemplary embodiment, the astigmatic structure may be disposed on the first conductive layer, or the astigmatic structure may be disposed on the second conductive layer, or the astigmatic structure may be disposed on any one or more of the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the third conductive layer, but the present disclosure is not limited here.

[0224] In an exemplary embodiment, the base may be a rigid base or a flexible base. For the rigid base, materials such as glass or quartz can be used. For the flexible base, materials such as polyimide (PI) can be used. The flexible base may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure composed of an inorganic material layer and a flexible material layer, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0225] In an exemplary embodiment, the first insulating layer, the second insulating layer, the third insulating layer, and the fourth insulating layer may employ any one or more of silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx), and silicon oxynitride (SiON), and may be a single layer, a multilayer, or a composite layer. The first insulating layer may be referred to as a buffer layer, the second insulating layer and the third insulating layer may be referred to as a (GI) layer, and the fourth insulating layer may be referred to as an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer. The first conductive layer, the second conductive layer, and the third conductive layer may use any one or more metal materials of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), or alloy materials of the above metals such as aluminum-neodymium alloy (AlNd) and molybdenum-niobium alloy (MoNb), and may have a single-layer structure or a multilayer composite structure such as Ti / Al / Ti. The planarization layer can use an organic material such as resin. The semiconductor layer can use various materials such as amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide material (a-IGZO), zinc oxide nitride (ZnON), indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), amorphous silicon (a-Si), polysilicon (p-Si), hexathiophene, and polythiophene. That is, the present disclosure is suitable for transistors manufactured based on oxide technology, silicon technology, and organic material technology, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0226] (2) Form a light-emitting structure layer pattern. In an exemplary embodiment, forming the light-emitting structure layer pattern can include the following steps.

[0227] Deposit a fourth conductive thin film on the base on which the above pattern is formed, and pattern the fourth conductive thin film by a patterning process to form an anode electrode layer pattern. The anode electrode layer pattern of each sub-pixel may include at least anode 21, and anode 21 is connected to the drain electrode of transistor 101A via a connection via.

[0228] Next, apply a pixel definition thin film to the base on which the above pattern is formed, and pattern the pixel definition thin film by a patterning process to form a pixel definition layer 22. A pixel opening is provided in the pixel definition layer of each sub-pixel, and the pixel definition thin film within the pixel opening is removed to expose the surface of anode 21.

[0229] Next, form an organic light-emitting layer 23 located in each sub-pixel on the base on which the above pattern is formed by a vapor deposition method or an inkjet printing method. Organic light-emitting layer 23 is connected to anode 21 via the pixel opening.

[0230] Next, form a cathode 24 pattern on the base on which the above pattern is formed by a vapor deposition method of an open mask. Cathode 24 of the overall structure is connected to organic light-emitting layer 23 to realize simultaneous connection between anode 21 and cathode 24 of organic light-emitting layer 23.

[0231] Up to this point, as shown in FIG. 19 which is a cross-sectional view in the B-B direction of FIG. 17, a light-emitting structure layer 30 pattern is created.

[0232] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth conductive thin film can adopt a metal material, a transparent conductive material, or a multilayer composite structure of a metal material and a transparent conductive material. The metal material may include any one or more of silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), or an alloy material of these metals. The transparent conductive material may include indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO). The multilayer composite structure may be ITO / Al / ITO or the like.

[0233] In an exemplary embodiment, the material of the pixel definition thin film can include polyimide, acrylic, or the like. In an exemplary embodiment, when forming the pixel definition layer pattern using the patterning process of a half tone mask, a spacer pillar pattern can be formed, and the spacer pillars can be installed outside the pixel openings. The spacer pillars are configured to support a fine metal mask in a subsequent deposition process, and the present disclosure is not limited herein.

[0234] In an exemplary embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer may include a light-emitting layer (abbreviated as EML) and any one or more of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an electron blocking layer (EBL), a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL).

[0235] In an exemplary embodiment, the organic light-emitting layer can be fabricated by first sequentially forming a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron blocking layer using a deposition process of an open mask (OPM) or an inkjet printing process, and forming a common layer of the hole injection layer, the hole transport layer, and the electron blocking layer on a display substrate. Thereafter, different light-emitting layers are formed for different sub-pixels using a deposition process of a fine metal mask (abbreviated as FMM) or an inkjet printing process, and there may be a small overlapping portion in the light-emitting layers of adjacent sub-pixels (for example, the area occupied by the overlapping portion in each light-emitting layer pattern is less than 10%), or they may be separated. Then, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer are sequentially formed using a deposition process of an open mask or an inkjet printing process, and a common layer of the hole blocking layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer is formed on the display substrate.

[0236] In an exemplary embodiment, a microcavity adjustment layer can be included in the organic light-emitting layer so that the thickness of the organic light-emitting layer between the cathode and the anode satisfies the design of the microcavity length. In some exemplary embodiments, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, or an electron transport layer can be employed as the microcavity adjustment layer, and the present disclosure is not limited herein.

[0237] In an exemplary embodiment, the light-emitting layer includes a host material and a guest material doped in the host material, and the doping ratio of the guest material in the light-emitting layer is 1% to 20%. Within this doping ratio range, on the one hand, the host material of the light-emitting layer can effectively transfer exciton energy to the guest material of the light-emitting layer to excite the luminescence of the guest material of the light-emitting layer. On the other hand, the host material of the light-emitting layer "dilutes" the guest material of the light-emitting layer, effectively improving fluorescence quenching caused by intermolecular collisions and energy collisions of the guest material of the light-emitting layer, and improving the luminous efficiency and device lifetime. In an exemplary embodiment, the doping ratio refers to the ratio of the mass of the guest material to the mass of the light-emitting layer, that is, the mass ratio. In an exemplary embodiment, the host material and the guest material may be co-evaporated by a multi-source evaporation method to uniformly disperse the host material and the guest material in the light-emitting layer, or the doping ratio may be adjusted by controlling the evaporation rate of the guest material during evaporation, or the doping ratio may be adjusted by controlling the evaporation rate ratio of the host material and the guest material. In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the light-emitting layer may be about 10 nm to 50 nm.

[0238] In an exemplary embodiment, the hole injection layer can use inorganic oxides such as molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, rhenium oxide, ruthenium oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, silver oxide, tungsten oxide, or manganese oxide, or a p-type dopant with a strong electron-withdrawing system and a dopant for a hole transport material can be used, and the thickness of the hole injection layer may be about 5 nm to 20 nm.

[0239] In an exemplary embodiment, for the hole transport layer, a material with a high hole mobility such as an arylamine compound, where the substituent may be carbazole, methylfluorene, spirofluorene, dibenzothiophene, or furan, etc., can be used, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be about 40 nm to 150 nm.

[0240] In an exemplary embodiment, as the hole blocking layer and the electron transport layer, aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be used, such as imidazole derivatives including benzimidazole derivatives, imidazopyridine derivatives, benzimidazolophenanthridine derivatives, etc., azine derivatives such as pyrimidine derivatives, triazine derivatives, compounds containing a nitrogen-containing six-membered ring structure such as quinoline derivatives, isoquinoline derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives (including compounds having a phosphine oxide-based substituent on the heterocycle), etc. In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the hole blocking layer is about 5 nm to 15 nm, and the thickness of the electron transport layer is about 20 nm to 50 nm.

[0241] In an exemplary embodiment, for the electron injection layer, materials such as lithium fluoride (LiF), ytterbium (Yb), magnesium (Mg), or calcium (Ca), etc., alkali metals or metals, or compounds of these alkali metals or metals can be used, and the thickness of the electron injection layer may be about 0.5 nm to 2 nm.

[0242] In an exemplary embodiment, as the cathode, any one or more of magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), lithium (Li), or an alloy composed of any one or more of these metals can be used.

[0243] In some possible exemplary embodiments, after forming the cathode pattern, the optical coupling layer pattern can be formed. The optical coupling layer is disposed on the cathode. The refractive index of the optical coupling layer may be greater than that of the cathode, which is advantageous for enhancing light extraction and light emission efficiency. The material of the optical coupling layer can be an organic material, an inorganic material, or both an organic material and an inorganic material, and it may be a single layer, a multilayer, or a composite layer, and the present disclosure is not limited herein.

[0244] (3) Form a package structure layer pattern. In an exemplary embodiment, forming the package structure layer pattern may include depositing a first package thin film in a deposition manner using an open mask on the base on which the above pattern is formed to form a first package layer 31. Then, print a second package material using an inkjet printing process using an open mask to form a second package layer 32. Then, deposit a third package thin film by a deposition method using an open mask to form a third package layer 33.

[0245] Up to this point, as shown in FIG. 20 which is a cross-sectional view in the B-B direction of FIG. 17, the creation of the package structure layer pattern is completed.

[0246] In an exemplary embodiment, the first package thin film and the third package thin film may adopt any one or more of silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx), and silicon oxynitride (SiON), and may be a single layer, a multilayer, or a composite layer, which can ensure that water and oxygen from the outside do not penetrate into the light-emitting structure layer, and the deposition method can adopt chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD), etc. The second package thin film can use an organic material such as a resin that serves to cover each film layer of the display substrate, and can improve the structural stability and flatness.

[0247] (4) Sequentially form a touch structure layer, a color film structure layer, and a light extraction structure layer pattern.

[0248] In an exemplary embodiment, forming the touch structure layer pattern may include forming a first touch insulating layer on the base on which the above pattern is formed, then forming a metal mesh layer by a patterning process, and then forming a second touch insulating layer covering the metal mesh layer.

[0249] In an exemplary embodiment, forming the color film structure layer pattern may include the following steps. First, a black matrix thin film is applied to the base on which the pattern is formed, and the black matrix thin film is patterned by a patterning process to form a black matrix pattern. The black matrix pattern can include at least a plurality of black matrices. The plurality of black matrices can be installed at intervals, and it can include that a light-transmitting opening can be formed between adjacent black matrices. Then, a red filter thin film, a blue filter thin film, and a green filter thin film are sequentially applied, and the red filter thin film, the blue filter thin film, and the green filter thin film are respectively patterned by a patterning process to form a plurality of filter layers in the light-transmitting openings formed in the black matrix.

[0250] In an exemplary embodiment, forming the light extraction structure layer pattern may include the following steps. First, a first cover thin film is deposited or applied to the base on which the pattern is formed to form a first cover layer covering the color film structure layer. Next, a plurality of first light extraction structures are formed on the first cover layer by a patterning process, or a plurality of second light extraction structures are formed on the first cover layer by a patterning process, or a plurality of first light extraction structures and a plurality of second light extraction structures are formed on the first cover layer by a patterning process. Next, a second cover thin film is deposited or applied to form a second cover layer 72 covering the plurality of light extraction structures.

[0251] In an exemplary embodiment, after forming the second cover layer 72, a plurality of third light extraction structures are formed by a patterning process. The third light extraction structures may be a microlens group, and the microlens group may include a plurality of sequentially installed microlenses. Next, it may further include forming a third cover layer covering the plurality of third light extraction structures.

[0252] The structures shown in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and their manufacturing processes are merely exemplary. When actually implemented, the corresponding structures may be changed according to actual needs, and the patterning process may be added or reduced, but the present disclosure is not limited herein.

[0253] Research has found that existing electronic devices have problems such as low light emission efficiency in the under-display imaging area. As can be seen from the structure and manufacturing process of the display substrate in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure installs a light extraction structure layer in the first display area and deflects the emitted light in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel, thereby effectively improving the light emission efficiency of the sub-pixel, enhancing the light-emitting color gamut, and improving the display quality. In one aspect, the light extraction structure layer includes a first light extraction structure and uses refraction to deflect the emitted light in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel. In another aspect, the light extraction structure layer includes a second light extraction structure and uses total internal reflection to deflect the emitted light in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel. In still another aspect, the light extraction structure layer includes a first light extraction structure and a second light extraction structure and uses refraction and total internal reflection to deflect the emitted light in the direction of the center of the sub-pixel.

[0254] The present disclosure improves the efficiency of light modulation and further improves the light emission efficiency of sub-pixels by arranging the light extraction structure layer in proximity so that the light emitted from the display structure layer is modulated and then enters the color film structure layer. The present disclosure can further improve the light emission efficiency of sub-pixels, further improve the light-emitting color gamut, and further improve the display quality by installing a microlens group.

[0255] According to the present invention, by installing a filter light extraction multiplex structure in which the filter structure and the light extraction structure are multiplexed, not only can the light emission efficiency of sub-pixels be effectively improved, but also the thickness of the display substrate can be effectively reduced, which is advantageous for the realization of a thin display device.

[0256] The present disclosure can effectively avoid the blue color at a large viewing angle by setting the probability of total reflection occurring in different sub-pixels. The present disclosure can effectively avoid light reflection caused by metal wires and improve the display quality by using a black matrix to shield the metal wires in the touch structure layer.

[0257] The present disclosure can effectively increase the scattering in the regions where the edges of the pixel islands and the signal connection lines are located by installing a scattering structure, and can effectively reduce the display difference between the first display region and the second display region.

[0258] The manufacturing method of the present disclosure does not require changes to the existing process flow or existing process equipment, has few improvements to the existing process, has good compatibility with the existing manufacturing process, has high process feasibility, and has high practicality.

[0259] In an exemplary embodiment, the present disclosure can be applied to an electronic device having a pixel driving circuit such as an OLED, a quantum dot display (QLED), a light emitting diode display (Micro LED or Mini LED), or a quantum dot light emitting diode display (QDLED), and the present disclosure is not limited herein.

[0260] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a manufacturing method of a display substrate is further provided, whereby the display substrate of the above exemplary embodiment is manufactured. In an exemplary embodiment, the display substrate includes a first display region and a second display region, the second display region at least partially surrounds the first display region, the first display region is configured to perform image display and transmit light, the second display region is configured to perform image display, and the manufacturing method includes forming a display structure layer on the base of the first display region, and forming a light processing layer on the display structure layer, the light processing layer including at least a light extraction structure for improving the light extraction efficiency.

[0261] The present disclosure further provides an electronic device, which includes an imaging device and the display substrate. The orthographic projection of the imaging device on the display substrate at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first display area on the display substrate, and there is no overlapping part between the orthographic projection of the imaging device on the display substrate and the orthographic projection of the second display area on the display substrate.

[0262] In an exemplary embodiment, the display device may be any product or component having a display function such as a mobile phone, a tablet, a television, a display, a notebook computer, a digital photo frame, a navigation device, etc., and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure are as described above, but they are only embodiments adopted for facilitating the understanding of the present disclosure and are not used for limiting the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can make any modifications and changes in the embodiments and details without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed by the present disclosure. However, the scope of patent protection of the invention shall be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.

Description of Reference Numerals

[0263] 10 - base, 20 - driving circuit layer, 21 - anode, 22 - pixel definition layer, 23 - organic light - emitting layer, 24 - cathode, 30 - light - emitting structure layer, 31 - first package layer, 32 - second package layer, 33 - third package layer, 40 - package structure layer, 50 - light - processing layer, 60 - color film structure layer, 61 - black matrix, 62 - filter layer, 70 - first light - extraction structure layer, 71 - first cover layer, 72 - second cover layer, 73 - first light - extraction structure, 74 - second light - extraction structure, 75 - composite light - extraction structure layer, 80 - second light - extraction structure layer, 90 - third light - extraction structure layer, 91 - third light - extraction structure, 92 - third cover layer, 100 - first display area, 110 - touch structure layer, 111 - Metal wire, 120 - Color film lens structure layer, 121 - First color film layer, 122 - Second color film layer, 123 - Filter lens layer, 200 - Second display area, 300 - Astigmatism structure, 310 - First astigmatism strip, 320 - Second astigmatism strip, 330 - Third astigmatism strip, 340 - First connection strip, 350 - First connection strip

Claims

1. A display substrate, comprising: a first display area and a second display area, wherein the second display area at least partially surrounds the first display area, the first display area is configured to perform image display and transmit light, the second display area is configured to perform image display, and in a plane perpendicular to the display substrate, the first display area includes at least a display structure layer installed on a base and a light processing layer installed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base, and the light processing layer includes at least a light extraction structure for improving at least the light extraction efficiency. The display substrate is characterized by this.

2. The light processing layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a first light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix installed between the filter layers. The first light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of first light extraction structures installed on a side of the first cover layer away from the base, and a second cover layer installed on a side of the plurality of first light extraction structures away from the base. At least one of the first light extraction structures includes a plano-convex lens. The display substrate according to claim 1 is characterized by this.

3. The color film structure layer is installed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base, and the first light extraction structure layer is installed on a side of the color film structure layer away from the base. The display substrate according to claim 2 is characterized by this.

4. The first light extraction structure layer is installed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base, and the color film structure layer is installed on a side of the first light extraction structure layer away from the base. The display substrate according to claim 2 is characterized by this.

5. The orthographic projection of the first light extraction structure on the base is located within the range of the filter layer. The display substrate according to claim 2 is characterized by this.

6. The first cover layer has a first refractive index, the second cover layer has a second refractive index, the first light extraction structure has a first light extraction refractive index, the first light extraction refractive index is greater than or equal to the first refractive index, and the first light extraction refractive index is greater than the second refractive index. The display substrate according to claim 2 is characterized by this.

7. The first light extraction structure has a first height, the second cover layer has a cover thickness, and the ratio of the first height to the cover thickness is 1 / 3 to 1 / 1.

1. The display substrate according to claim 2 is characterized by this.

8. The light processing layer further includes a third light extraction structure layer, the third light extraction structure layer includes a plurality of third light extraction structures installed on a side away from the base of the first light extraction structure layer, and a third cover layer installed on a side away from the base of the plurality of third light extraction structures. At least one third light extraction structure includes a microlens group, and at least one microlens group includes a plurality of sequentially installed microlenses. The display substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that.

9. The display substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that the orthographic projection of the base of the third light extraction structure is located within the range of the filter layer.

10. The light processing layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a second light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix installed between the filter layers. The second light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of second light extraction structures installed on a side away from the base of the first cover layer, and a second cover layer installed on a side away from the base of the plurality of second light extraction structures. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one second light extraction structure includes a prism with a trapezoidal cross-section.

11. The display substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that the color film structure layer is installed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and the second light extraction structure layer is installed on a side away from the base of the color film structure layer.

12. The display substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that the second light extraction structure layer is installed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and the color film structure layer is installed on a side away from the base of the second light extraction structure layer.

13. The display substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that the orthographic projection of the base of the black matrix is located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the second light extraction structure.

14. The display substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that the second cover layer has a second refractive index, the second light extraction structure has a second light extraction refractive index, and the second light extraction refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index.

15. The second light extraction structure has a second height, the second cover layer has a cover thickness, and a ratio of the second height to the cover thickness is from 1 / 3 to 1 / 1.

2. The display substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that.

16. A side wall of the second light extraction structure has a tilt angle, and the tilt angle is greater than 60° and less than 90°. The display substrate according to claim 10, characterized in that.

17. In a plane parallel to the base, the display substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and a front projection of at least one sub-pixel on the base overlaps at least partially with a front projection of two second light extraction structures on the base. The display substrate according to claim 16, characterized in that.

18. The plurality of sub-pixels include at least a red sub-pixel, a blue sub-pixel, and a green sub-pixel. A side wall of the second light extraction structure located within a region where the red sub-pixel is located has a first tilt angle, a side wall of the second light extraction structure located within a region where the blue sub-pixel is located has a second tilt angle, and a side wall of the second light extraction structure located within a region where the green sub-pixel is located has a third tilt angle. The first tilt angle is smaller than the second tilt angle, and the first tilt angle is smaller than the third tilt angle. The display substrate according to claim 17, characterized in that.

19. The light treatment layer includes at least a color film structure layer and a composite light extraction structure layer. The color film structure layer includes at least a plurality of filter layers and a black matrix disposed between the filter layers. The composite light extraction structure layer includes at least a first cover layer, a plurality of first light extraction structures disposed on a side of the first cover layer away from the base, a plurality of second light extraction structures, and a second cover layer disposed on a side of the plurality of first light extraction structures and the plurality of second light extraction structures away from the base. At least one first light extraction structure includes a plano-convex lens, and at least one second light extraction structure includes a prism having a trapezoidal cross-section. The display substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that.

20. The color film structure layer is disposed on a side of the display structure layer away from the base, and the composite light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side of the color film structure layer away from the base. The display substrate according to claim 19, characterized in that.

21. The composite light extraction structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and the color film structure layer is disposed on a side away from the base of the composite light extraction structure layer. The display substrate according to claim 19, characterized in that.

22. The orthographic projection of the base of the first light extraction structure on the base is located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the filter layer, and the orthographic projection of the black matrix on the base is located within the range of the orthographic projection of the base of the second light extraction structure. The display substrate according to claim 19, characterized in that.

23. The first cover layer has a first refractive index, the second cover layer has a second refractive index, the first light extraction structure has a first light extraction refractive index, the second light extraction structure has a second light extraction refractive index, the first light extraction refractive index is greater than or equal to the first refractive index, the first light extraction refractive index is greater than the second refractive index, and the second light extraction refractive index is smaller than the second refractive index. The display substrate according to claim 19, characterized in that.

24. The light treatment layer includes at least a color film lens structure layer, and the color film lens structure layer is a filter light extraction multiplex structure in which a filter structure and a light extraction structure are integrated. The display substrate according to claim 1.

25. The color film lens structure layer includes at least a black matrix, a first color film layer, a second color film layer, and a filter lens layer. The black matrix is disposed at an interval on a side away from the base of the display structure layer, and a light-transmitting opening is formed between adjacent black matrices. The first color film layer is respectively disposed in a plurality of light-transmitting openings, and an arc-shaped recess is disposed on a surface of the first color film layer away from the base. The filter lens layer is respectively disposed on the first color film layer in a plurality of light-transmitting openings. The lower surface of the arc-shaped convex portion of the filter lens layer is bonded to the upper surface of the arc-shaped recess of the first color film layer. The second color film layer is disposed on a side away from the bases of the plurality of black matrices and the plurality of filter lens layers. The display substrate according to claim 24, characterized in that.

26. The first color film layer has a first color film refractive index, the second color film layer has a second color film refractive index, the filter lens layer has a filter lens refractive index, the filter lens refractive index is greater than the first color film refractive index, and the filter lens refractive index is smaller than the second color film refractive index. The display substrate according to claim 25, characterized in that.

27. The display structure layer includes at least a driving circuit layer installed on the base, a light-emitting structure layer installed on a side of the driving circuit layer away from the base, a package structure layer installed on a side of the light-emitting structure layer away from the base, and a touch structure layer installed on a side of the package structure layer away from the base. The touch structure layer includes at least a metal mesh layer. The metal mesh layer includes a plurality of intertwined metal wires. A front projection of the metal wire on the base is located within at least a range of a front projection of a black matrix in the light treatment layer on the base. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that.

28. The first display area includes a plurality of pixel islands and a plurality of blank islands. In a first direction, the pixel islands and the blank islands are alternately installed. In a second direction, the pixel islands and the blank islands are alternately installed. The first direction and the second direction intersect. The display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that.

29. At least one pixel island includes two pixel units. The pixel unit includes one red sub-pixel that emits red light, one blue sub-pixel that emits blue light, and two green sub-pixels that emit green light. The two red sub-pixels are respectively located at one diagonal position of the pixel island. The two blue sub-pixels are respectively located at the other diagonal position of the pixel island. The four green sub-pixels are respectively located in the middle of the pixel island in the second direction. The display substrate according to claim 28, characterized in that.

30. At least one light-scattering structure is installed on the blank island. The light-scattering structure includes a plurality of micro-protrusions installed in sequence. In a plane parallel to the base, the shape of the micro-protrusion includes any one or more of a triangle, a rectangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a circle, and an ellipse. In a plane perpendicular to the base, the cross-sectional shape of the micro-protrusion includes a triangle or a trapezoid. The display substrate according to claim 28, characterized in that.

31. The astigmatic structure includes a first astigmatic strip respectively disposed on both sides of the pixel island in the second direction, and a second astigmatic strip respectively disposed on both sides of the pixel island in the first direction. The shape of the first astigmatic strip is strip-shaped extending along the first direction, and the shape of the second astigmatic strip is strip-shaped extending along the second direction. The display substrate according to claim 30, characterized in that.

32. The astigmatic structure further includes a third astigmatic strip respectively connected to the first astigmatic strip and the second astigmatic strip. The first astigmatic strip, the second astigmatic strip and the third astigmatic strip are sequentially connected to form a ring-shaped astigmatic structure surrounding the pixel island. The display substrate according to claim 31, characterized in that.

33. The astigmatic structure further includes a first connection strip and a second connection strip. The first connection strip is disposed between the first astigmatic strips adjacent in the second direction, connected to the first astigmatic strip, and forms a connection channel between the astigmatic structures adjacent in the second direction. The second connection strip is disposed between the second astigmatic strips adjacent in the first direction, connected to the second astigmatic strip, surrounds the pixel island, and forms an astigmatic structure that communicates with each other and forms a connection channel between the astigmatic structures adjacent in the first direction. The display substrate according to claim 32, characterized in that.

34. An electronic device, Including an imaging device and the display substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein the orthographic projection of the imaging device on the display substrate at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the display substrate in the first display area, and there is no overlapping part between the orthographic projection of the imaging device on the display substrate and the orthographic projection of the display substrate in the second display area. An electronic device, characterized in that.

35. A method for manufacturing a display substrate, The display substrate includes a first display area and a second display area. The second display area at least partially surrounds the first display area. The first display area is configured to perform image display and transmit light. The second display area is configured to perform image display. The manufacturing method includes, Forming a display structure layer on the base of the first display area, A method for manufacturing a display substrate, comprising: forming a light processing layer on the display structure layer, wherein the light processing layer includes at least a light extraction structure for improving light extraction efficiency.

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