Battery Diagnostic Device and Method

Abstract

A battery diagnostic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a voltage measurement unit configured to measure the voltages of a plurality of batteries, a control unit configured to calculate voltage deviations of the plurality of batteries, calculate a change amount of each voltage deviation of the plurality of batteries for each predetermined period, and compare a pattern of the change amount of each voltage deviation of the plurality of batteries with a preset diagnostic pattern to diagnose the state of each of the plurality of batteries.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0172880 filed on December 12, 2022, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0179139 filed on December 11, 2023, and all of the content disclosed in the specifications and drawings of the applications is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present invention relates to a battery diagnostic apparatus and method, and more particularly, to a battery diagnostic apparatus and method capable of diagnosing an internal short circuit of a battery.

Background Art

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid growth in demand for portable electronic products such as notebook computers, video cameras, and mobile phones, and the full-scale development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and artificial satellites, research on high-performance rechargeable batteries has been actively conducted.

[0004] Currently commercialized batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among them, lithium batteries are in the spotlight because they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, allowing for free charging and discharging, a very low self-discharge rate, and a high energy density. The memory effect is an energy capacity loss of a rechargeable battery that occurs when the battery is charged after being partially discharged.

[0005] An energy storage device using such a battery is a device that stores large-scale electric power and provides the stored electric power to a plurality of load facilities. For example, the energy storage device is used in the form of an industrial, building, or household energy management system, and provides the electric power stored at each usage location to the load facilities and is used as a normal power grid and / or an emergency power grid at all times.

[0006] If a micro short circuit occurs inside the battery, there is a problem that a leakage current is generated in the corresponding battery. For example, when a plurality of batteries are included in a battery pack, if a micro short circuit occurs in a certain battery and a leakage current is generated, the voltage of the corresponding battery gradually becomes lower than the voltages of other batteries. And if the micro short circuit persists, a hard short circuit may occur, causing permanent damage to the battery pack. A hard short circuit (or a dead short) may occur when the voltage difference between a plurality of batteries in the battery pack continuously increases. A hard short circuit may induce a surge current inside the battery pack, resulting in sparks, overheating, circuit damage, etc.

[0007] For example, if the voltage difference between a plurality of batteries continuously increases, an inrush current (or overcurrent) flows inside the battery pack. The inrush current generates heat and may consequently induce a hard short circuit. Also, the inrush current may cause permanent damage to the circuit inside the battery pack.

[0008] Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a technology capable of diagnosing in advance whether a micro short circuit has occurred inside the battery. Summary of the Invention Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0009] The present invention was devised to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a battery diagnostic apparatus and method capable of diagnosing whether a micro short circuit has occurred inside the battery.

[0010] Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be understood from the following description and will become more apparent from the embodiments of the present invention. Also, the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof shown in the claims.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0011] A battery diagnostic device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a voltage measurement unit configured to measure the voltages of a plurality of batteries, calculate a voltage deviation of the plurality of batteries, calculate a change amount of the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries at each predetermined cycle, and compare a pattern of the change amount of the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries with a preset diagnostic pattern to diagnose the state of each of the plurality of batteries, and a control unit configured to perform the comparison.

[0012] The control unit may be configured to diagnose the state of each battery among the plurality of batteries based on at least one of a sum, a magnitude, and an increase pattern of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts calculated at a plurality of time points for each of the plurality of batteries.

[0013] The diagnostic pattern may be configured to include at least one of a first diagnostic pattern corresponding to the sum of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, a second diagnostic pattern corresponding to the magnitude of each of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, a third diagnostic pattern corresponding to the maximum magnitude of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, and a fourth diagnostic pattern corresponding to the increase pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts.

[0014] The control unit may be configured to diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery if the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount corresponds to at least one of the diagnostic patterns.

[0015] When the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and the sum of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts is equal to or greater than a preset first reference value, the control unit may be configured to determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts corresponds to a first diagnosis pattern and diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery.

[0016] When the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are equal to or greater than a preset second reference value, the control unit may be configured to determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts corresponds to a second diagnosis pattern and diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery.

[0017] When the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and at least one of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts is equal to or greater than a preset third reference value, the control unit may be configured to determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts corresponds to a third diagnosis pattern and diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery.

[0018] The third reference value may be configured to be less than the first reference value preset to correspond to the first diagnosis pattern and to exceed the second reference value preset to correspond to the second diagnosis pattern.

[0019] When the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts increase over time, the control unit may be configured to determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts corresponds to a fourth diagnosis pattern and diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery.

[0020] When the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers, the control unit may be configured to compare the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts of the corresponding battery with a preset diagnosis pattern.

[0021] The control unit may be configured to calculate an average voltage of the plurality of batteries, calculate a difference between the calculated average voltage and each voltage of the plurality of batteries, and calculate a voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries.

[0022] The control unit may be configured to output one or more signals indicating respective diagnostic results of the plurality of batteries to an external device.

[0023] The external device may correspond to one of a vehicle-mounted system, a vehicle external system, one or more servers communicating with the vehicle, and a mobile device communicating with the vehicle.

[0024] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes a battery diagnostic device according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0025] A motor vehicle according to still another aspect of the present invention includes a battery diagnostic device according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0026] A battery diagnostic method according to still another aspect of the present invention includes a voltage measurement step of measuring voltages of a plurality of batteries, a voltage deviation calculation step of calculating voltage deviations of the plurality of batteries, a voltage deviation change amount calculation step of calculating a change amount of voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries for each predetermined period, and a diagnosis step of diagnosing a state of each of the plurality of batteries by comparing a pattern of the change amount of voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries with a preset diagnosis pattern.

Advantages of the Invention

[0027] According to an aspect of the present invention, the battery diagnostic device can diagnose the state of each battery by tracking the transition of the change amount of the voltage deviation of the battery for each predetermined period.

[0028] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and other effects of the present invention not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

[0029] The following drawings attached to this specification serve to further understand the technical idea of the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention to be described later, and the present invention should not be construed as being limited only to the matters described in the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030]

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Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0031] In this specification and the claims, terms and words used shall not be construed as limited to ordinary and dictionary meanings. Instead, in accordance with the principle that the inventor himself can appropriately define the concept of terms to explain the invention in the best way, they shall be construed in accordance with the meaning and concept corresponding to the technical idea of the present invention.

[0032] Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention. Thus, there may be various equivalents and modifications that can replace them at the time of this application.

[0033] Also, in the description of the present invention, when it is determined that a specific description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0034] Terms including ordinal numbers such as first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one of various components from other elements, and the components are not limited by these terms.

[0035] Throughout the specification, when a part states that a certain component "includes", unless otherwise specified, this does not exclude other components, but means that other components may be further included.

[0036] Furthermore, throughout the specification, when a part states that a certain part is "connected (coupled)" to another part, this includes not only "direct connection (coupling)" but also "indirect connection (coupling)" via other elements.

[0037] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a battery diagnostic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Referring to FIG. 1, the battery diagnostic device 100 may include a voltage measurement unit 110 and a control unit 120.

[0040] Here, the battery refers to one physically separable and independent cell having a negative electrode terminal and a positive electrode terminal. As an example, one lithium-ion battery or lithium polymer battery may be regarded as a battery. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, it will be described assuming that the battery means one independent cell.

[0041] The voltage measurement unit 110 may be configured to measure the voltages of a plurality of batteries. Specifically, the voltage measurement unit 110 may be configured to measure the voltage of each of the plurality of batteries.

[0042] FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the voltages of a plurality of battery cells according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, it is assumed that a first battery Ba, a second battery Bb, a third battery Bc, and a fourth battery Bd are provided. The voltage measurement unit 110 may measure the voltage of the first battery Ba as Va, the voltage of the second battery Bb as Vb, the voltage of the third battery Bc as Vc, and the voltage of the fourth battery Bd as Vd.

[0044] And the voltage measurement unit 110 may be communicably connected to the control unit 120. For example, the voltage measurement unit 110 and the control unit 120 may be connected by wire and / or wirelessly. The voltage measurement unit 110 may transmit information about the measured voltage to the control unit 120.

[0045] The control unit 120 may be configured to calculate the voltage deviation of a plurality of batteries.

[0046] Specifically, the control unit 120 can receive voltage information of a plurality of batteries from the voltage measurement unit 110 and calculate a voltage deviation of the plurality of batteries based on the received voltage information.

[0047] First, the control unit 120 can be configured to calculate an average voltage of a plurality of batteries. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the control unit 120 can calculate an average voltage with respect to the voltages of the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd. For example, the control unit 120 can calculate "(Va + Vb + Vc + Vd) ÷ 4" and calculate the average voltage as Vavg.

[0048] The control unit 120 can calculate the average voltage Vavg at each predetermined cycle described later. The average voltage Vavg corresponding to the time point t1 can be calculated based on a plurality of voltage information for the plurality of batteries acquired at the time point t1. Similarly, the average voltage Vavg corresponding to the time point t2 can be calculated based on a plurality of voltage information for the plurality of batteries acquired at the time point t2. Therefore, the average voltage Vavg corresponding to each time point can be different.

[0049] Next, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate the difference between the calculated average voltage and the voltage of each of the plurality of batteries, and calculate the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the control unit 120 may calculate the difference between the voltages of the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd and the average voltage, and calculate the voltage deviations of the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd. For example, the control unit 120 may calculate "|Va - Vavg|" and calculate the voltage deviation of the first battery Ba as dVa, and calculate "|Vb - Vavg|" and calculate the voltage deviation of the second battery Bb as dVb. Then, the control unit 120 may calculate "|Vc - Vavg|" and calculate the voltage deviation of the third battery Bc as dVc, and calculate "|Vd - Vavg|" and calculate the voltage deviation of the fourth battery Bd as dVd. Here, "||" is the absolute value symbol, and the calculated voltage deviation may be represented by the absolute value of the difference between the battery voltage and the average voltage.

[0050] The control unit 120 may be configured to calculate the amount of change in the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries for each predetermined period. For example, the predetermined period may correspond to the communication period in which the control unit 120 and the voltage measurement unit 110 communicate with each other.

[0051] Specifically, the control unit 120 may calculate the voltage deviation for each of the plurality of batteries for each predetermined period. Here, the voltage deviation may be the voltage deviation of the plurality of batteries measured at the corresponding period (that is, the voltage measurement time point of the corresponding period). Then, the control unit 120 may calculate the amount of change in the voltage deviation between the voltage deviation calculated in the previous period and the voltage deviation calculated in the current period. That is, the control unit 120 may calculate the amount of change in the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries for each predetermined period.

[0052] FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the amount of change in voltage deviation according to an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the embodiment of FIG. 3 is a diagram showing only the voltage deviation of the first battery Ba among the voltage deviations of the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd calculated at time points t0, t1, t2, and t3. Here, t0, t1, t2, and t3 mean time points determined by a predetermined cycle.

[0053] On the other hand, although only the voltage deviation of the first battery Ba is shown in FIG. 3, it should be noted that the voltage deviations of the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd are also calculated for the state diagnosis of these batteries.

[0054] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the voltage deviation of the first battery Ba calculated at time point t0 is dV0, the voltage deviation of the first battery Ba calculated at time point t1 is dV1, the voltage deviation of the first battery Ba calculated at time point t2 is dV2, and the voltage deviation of the first battery Ba calculated at time point t3 is dV3. Since the control unit 120 calculates the amount of change in voltage deviation with respect to the battery every predetermined cycle, it can calculate the difference in voltage deviation at consecutive time points. The control unit 120 can calculate the difference between the voltage deviation at time point t0 and the voltage deviation at time point t1 by "dV1 - dV0", and calculate the amount of change in voltage deviation as ΔdV1. The control unit 120 can calculate the difference between the voltage deviation at time point t1 and the voltage deviation at time point t2 by "dV2 - dV1", and calculate the amount of change in voltage deviation as ΔdV2. The control unit 120 can calculate the difference between the voltage deviation at time point t3 and the voltage deviation at time point t2 by "dV3 - dV2", and calculate the amount of change in voltage deviation as ΔdV3.

[0055] The control unit 120 can be configured to diagnose the state of each of the plurality of batteries by comparing the pattern of the amount of change in voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries with a preset diagnosis pattern.

[0056] Specifically, the control unit 120 may be configured to diagnose the state of the corresponding battery by analyzing the patterns of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts calculated for each of the batteries. That is, although the voltage deviation is calculated based on the voltages of the plurality of batteries, the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount can be determined based only on the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts of one battery.

[0057] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the voltage deviations (dV0, dV1, dV2, dV3) are values calculated based on the voltages of the plurality of batteries (first battery Ba, second battery Bb, third battery Bc, fourth battery Bd) at time points t0, t1, t2, and t3, respectively. On the other hand, the voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) are values calculated based on the voltage deviations (dV0, dV1, dV2, dV3) of the first battery Ba. That is, the voltage deviation is a value based on the voltages of the plurality of batteries, while the voltage deviation change amount is a value based on the voltage deviation of a single battery.

[0058] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit 120 may determine the diagnostic pattern to which the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) belongs from the preset diagnostic patterns. Then, the control unit 120 may diagnose the state of the first battery Ba so as to correspond to the determined diagnostic pattern. Similarly, the control unit 120 may diagnose the states of the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd based on the patterns of the voltage deviation change amounts of the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd, respectively.

[0059] The battery diagnostic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can diagnose the state of a single battery by considering both the voltage deviations of the plurality of batteries and the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount of a single battery. That is, the battery diagnostic device 100 can individually diagnose the state of each battery by tracking the transition of the voltage deviation change amount of the battery at predetermined intervals.

[0060] On the one hand, the control unit 120 provided in the battery diagnostic device 100 may selectively include a processor, an ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit), other chip sets, logic circuits, registers, communication modems, data processing devices, etc., known in the art, in order to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. Further, when the control logic is implemented as software, the control unit 120 may be implemented as a set of program modules. At this time, the program modules are stored in the memory and can be executed by the control unit 120. The memory may be provided inside or outside the control unit 120 and can be connected to the control unit 120 by various well-known means.

[0061] In addition, the battery diagnostic device 100 may further include a recording unit 130. The recording unit 130 may store data, programs, or data generated during the operation and function of each component of the battery diagnostic device 100 that are necessary for the operation and function. The recording unit 130 is not particularly limited in type as long as it is a known information recording means capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. As an example, the information recording means may include a RAM, a flash (registered trademark) memory, a ROM, an EEPROM, a register, etc. Further, the recording unit 130 may store program codes in which processes executable by the control unit 120 are defined.

[0062] For example, the recording unit 130 may be communicably connected to the control unit 120. The recording unit 130 may store voltage information of a plurality of batteries measured by the voltage measurement unit 110. Further, the recording unit 130 may store voltage deviations and changes in voltage deviations of a plurality of batteries calculated by the control unit 120 at predetermined intervals.

[0063] The control unit 120 may be configured to diagnose the state of a corresponding battery based on at least one of the sum, magnitude, and increase pattern of a plurality of changes in voltage deviation calculated at a plurality of time points for each of the plurality of batteries.

[0064] Specifically, the diagnostic pattern can be configured to include a first diagnostic pattern corresponding to the sum of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, a second diagnostic pattern corresponding to the magnitude of each of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, a third diagnostic pattern corresponding to the maximum magnitude of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, and a fourth diagnostic pattern corresponding to the increase pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts.

[0065] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit 120 can diagnose the state of the first battery Ba based on at least one of the sum (ΔdV1 + ΔdV2 + ΔdV3), magnitude, and increase pattern of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) calculated at a plurality of time points (t1, t2, t3) of the first battery Ba.

[0066] Hereinafter, examples of the diagnostic pattern will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 11. For convenience of explanation, let ΔdV1 calculated at time point t1 be the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), ΔdV2 calculated at time point t2 be the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and ΔdV3 calculated at time point t3 be the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3).

[0067] FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams schematically showing an example of the first diagnostic pattern. Specifically, FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the voltage deviation according to time of the first diagnostic pattern. FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing an example of the voltage deviation change amount according to time of the first diagnostic pattern based on FIG. 4.

[0068] When a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and the sum of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts is equal to or greater than a preset first reference value (R1), the control unit 120 can be configured to determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount corresponds to the first diagnostic pattern and diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0069] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) can be positive numbers. And the sum of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) can be equal to or greater than the first reference value (R1). For example, the first reference value (R1) can be set to 10 mV. The sum of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) can exceed 10 mV.

[0070] The control unit 120 can calculate "ΔdV1 + ΔdV2 + ΔdV3" to obtain the sum of the voltage deviation change amounts, and compare the calculated sum with the first reference value (R1). In the embodiment of FIG. 5, since the calculated sum is equal to or greater than the first reference value (R1), the control unit 120 can diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0071] FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams schematically showing an embodiment of the second diagnosis pattern. Specifically, FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the voltage deviation according to the time of the second diagnosis pattern. FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the voltage deviation change amount according to the time of the second diagnosis pattern based on FIG. 6.

[0072] The control unit 120 can be configured to determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount corresponds to the second diagnosis pattern and diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery when the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are equal to or greater than a preset second reference value (R2).

[0073] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) can be positive numbers. And the magnitudes of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) can be equal to or greater than the second reference value (R2).

[0074] In one embodiment, the second reference value (R2) can be set to a value less than the first reference value (R1). For example, the first reference value (R1) can be set to 10 mV, and the second reference value (R2) can be set to 2 mV.

[0075] The control unit 120 can compare each of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) with the second reference value (R2). In the embodiment of FIG. 7, since all of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) are equal to or greater than the second reference value (R2), the control unit 120 can diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0076] FIGS. 8 and 9 are diagrams schematically showing an embodiment of the third diagnosis pattern. Specifically, FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the voltage deviation according to the time of the third diagnosis pattern. FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the voltage deviation change amount according to the time of the third diagnosis pattern based on FIG. 8.

[0077] When a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and at least one of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts is equal to or greater than a preset third reference value (R3), the control unit 120 can be configured to determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount corresponds to the third diagnosis pattern and diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0078] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 9, the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) can be positive numbers. And the magnitude of the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2) among the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) can be equal to or greater than the third reference value (R3). That is, the maximum magnitude of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) can be equal to or greater than the third reference value (R3).

[0079] In one embodiment, the third reference value (R3) may be configured to be less than the first reference value (R1) preset to correspond to the first diagnostic pattern and to exceed the second reference value (R2) preset to correspond to the second diagnostic pattern. For example, the first reference value (R1) may be set to 10 mV, the second reference value (R2) may be set to 2 mV, and the third reference value (R3) may be set to 6 mV.

[0080] The control unit 120 may compare the maximum magnitudes of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) with the third reference value (R3). In the embodiment of FIG. 9, since the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2) is equal to or greater than the third reference value (R3), the control unit 120 may diagnose that an internal short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0081] FIGS. 10 and 11 are diagrams schematically showing an embodiment of a fourth diagnostic pattern. Specifically, FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the voltage deviation according to time of the fourth diagnostic pattern. FIG. 11 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the voltage deviation change amount according to time of the fourth diagnostic pattern based on FIG. 10.

[0082] The control unit 120 may be configured to determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount corresponds to the fourth diagnostic pattern and diagnose that an internal short circuit has occurred in the battery when a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts increase over time.

[0083] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 11, the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) may be in an increasing pattern. That is, the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) may gradually increase as time elapses (i.e., as the current flows at time points t1, t2, and t3). For example, the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1) may be less than the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2) may be less than the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3).

[0084] The control unit 120 may compare the magnitudes of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) with each other, and determine that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount of the battery is an increasing pattern. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, since the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) are in an increasing pattern, the control unit 120 may diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0085] On the other hand, the control unit 120 may be configured to diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery if the pattern of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts corresponds to any one of the diagnostic patterns.

[0086] In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the first diagnostic pattern, but does not correspond to the second diagnostic pattern, the third diagnostic pattern, and the fourth diagnostic pattern. For example, since the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2) is less than the second reference value (R2), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the second diagnostic pattern. Also, since the maximum magnitude of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) is less than the third reference value (R3), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the third diagnostic pattern. Also, since the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2) is smaller than the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the fourth diagnostic pattern.

[0087] In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the pattern of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the second diagnosis pattern, but does not correspond to the first diagnosis pattern, the third diagnosis pattern, and the fourth diagnosis pattern. For example, since the sum of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) is less than the first reference value (R1), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the first diagnosis pattern. Also, since the maximum magnitude of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) is less than the third reference value (R3), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the third diagnosis pattern. Also, since the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2) is smaller than the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the fourth diagnosis pattern.

[0088] In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the pattern of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the third diagnosis pattern, but does not correspond to the first diagnosis pattern, the second diagnosis pattern, and the fourth diagnosis pattern. For example, since the sum of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) is less than the first reference value (R1), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the first diagnosis pattern. Also, since the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1) and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) are less than the second reference value (R2), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the second diagnosis pattern. Also, since the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) is smaller than the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the fourth diagnosis pattern.

[0089] In the embodiment of FIG. 11, the patterns of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) correspond to the fourth diagnostic pattern, but do not correspond to the first, second, and third diagnostic patterns. For example, since the sum of the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1), the second voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV2), and the third voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV3) is less than the first reference value (R1), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the first diagnostic pattern. Also, since the first voltage deviation change amount (ΔdV1) is less than the second reference value (R2), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the second diagnostic pattern. Also, since the maximum magnitude of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) is less than the third reference value (R3), the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the third diagnostic pattern.

[0090] In one embodiment, the pattern of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) may correspond to any one of a first diagnostic pattern, a second diagnostic pattern, a third diagnostic pattern, and a fourth diagnostic pattern. Thus, if the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to any one diagnostic pattern, the battery diagnostic device 100 can diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery. That is, the battery diagnostic device 100 can prevent a hard short circuit from occurring in the battery in an unexpected situation by diagnosing the state of the battery sensitively and strictly.

[0091] In one embodiment, the control unit 120 can sequentially compare the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) with a first diagnostic pattern, a second diagnostic pattern, a third diagnostic pattern, and a fourth diagnostic pattern. Specifically, the control unit 120 can sequentially compare the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) with a first diagnostic pattern, a second diagnostic pattern, a third diagnostic pattern, and a fourth diagnostic pattern.

[0092] For example, the control unit 120 can check whether the pattern of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the first diagnostic pattern. If the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the first diagnostic pattern, the control unit 120 can diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0093] If the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the first diagnostic pattern, the control unit 120 can check whether the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the second diagnostic pattern. If the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the second diagnostic pattern, the control unit 120 can diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0094] If the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the second diagnostic pattern, the control unit 120 can check whether the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the third diagnostic pattern. If the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the third diagnostic pattern, the control unit 120 can diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0095] If the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the third diagnostic pattern, the control unit 120 can check whether the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the fourth diagnostic pattern. If the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) corresponds to the fourth diagnostic pattern, the control unit 120 can diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0096] If the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) does not correspond to the fourth diagnostic pattern, the control unit 120 can diagnose that no internal fine short circuit has occurred in the battery.

[0097] The battery diagnostic device 100 can diagnose whether an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the battery by sequentially comparing the patterns of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) with a first diagnostic pattern, a second diagnostic pattern, a third diagnostic pattern, and a fourth diagnostic pattern. In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the patterns of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) are sequentially compared with a first diagnostic pattern, a second diagnostic pattern, a third diagnostic pattern, and a fourth diagnostic pattern has been described. However, depending on the case, the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts may be compared with the plurality of diagnostic patterns in any order.

[0098] In one embodiment, the control unit 120 may be configured to compare the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount of the corresponding battery with a preset diagnostic pattern when the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers.

[0099] Specifically, the first diagnostic pattern, the second diagnostic pattern, the third diagnostic pattern, and the fourth diagnostic pattern may be premised on the case where the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers. For example, the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) may all be positive numbers. That is, for a battery in which an internal micro short circuit has occurred, the voltage deviation from other batteries may increase more and more as time passes. Therefore, in order to efficiently use system resources, the control unit 120 may compare the pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts with a preset diagnostic pattern only for batteries in which all the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers.

[0100] When it is diagnosed that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in at least one battery, the battery diagnostic device 100 may transmit a signal including the diagnostic result of the at least one battery to an external device. In one embodiment, the battery diagnostic device 100 may transmit a plurality of signals each including the diagnostic result of each of the plurality of batteries. The external device may include one of a vehicle-mounted system, a vehicle external system, one or more servers communicating with the vehicle, and a mobile device communicating with the vehicle.

[0101] The battery diagnostic device 100 according to the present invention can be applied to a battery management system (BMS). That is, the BMS according to the present invention may include the above-described battery diagnostic device 100. In such a configuration, at least a part of each component of the battery diagnostic device 100 can be implemented by complementing or adding to the functions of the components included in the conventional BMS. For example, the voltage measurement unit 110, the control unit 120, and the recording unit 130 of the battery diagnostic device 100 can be implemented as components of the BMS.

[0102] Also, the battery diagnostic device 100 according to the present invention can be provided in the battery pack 10. That is, the battery pack 10 according to the present invention may include the above-described battery diagnostic device 100 and one or more battery cells. Further, the battery pack 10 may further include electrical components (such as relays, fuses, etc.) and a case.

[0103] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an exemplary configuration of the battery pack 10 according to another embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, the battery pack 10 may include the battery diagnostic device 100.

[0104] The battery pack 10 may include a first battery Ba, a second battery Bb, a third battery Bc, and a fourth battery Bd. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 12, the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd may be connected in series. Note that the number of batteries included in the battery pack 10 and the connection relationship of the batteries (series and / or parallel) are not limited by the embodiment of FIG. 12.

[0105] The positive terminal of the first battery Ba may be connected to the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 10, and the negative terminal of the fourth battery Bd may be connected to the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 10.

[0106] The voltage measurement unit 110 can be connected to the first sensing line SL1, the second sensing line SL2, the third sensing line SL3, the fourth sensing line SL4, and the fifth sensing line SL5.

[0107] Specifically, the voltage measurement unit 110 can be connected to the positive terminal of the first battery Ba through the first sensing line SL1 and to the negative terminal of the first battery Ba through the second sensing line SL2. The voltage measurement unit 110 can measure the voltage of the first battery Ba based on the voltages measured on each of the first sensing line SL1 and the second sensing line SL2.

[0108] Similarly, the voltage measurement unit 110 can measure the voltage of the second battery Bb through the second sensing line SL2 and the third sensing line SL3, measure the voltage of the third battery Bc through the third sensing line SL3 and the fourth sensing line SL4, and measure the voltage of the fourth battery Bd through the fourth sensing line SL4 and the fifth sensing line SL5.

[0109] An external device can be connected to the positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P− of the battery pack 10. For example, the external device can be a motor of an electric vehicle that receives power supply from the battery pack 10. As another example, the external device can be a charging device for charging the battery pack 10.

[0110] FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically showing an automobile 900 according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

[0111] Referring to FIG. 13, a battery pack 910 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be included in a vehicle 900 such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). Then, the battery pack 910 can drive the vehicle 900 by supplying power to a motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle 900. And the battery pack 910 may include a battery diagnostic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0112] FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically showing a battery diagnostic method according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

[0113] Preferably, each step of the battery diagnostic method can be performed by the battery diagnostic device 100. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the content overlapping with the above description will be omitted or briefly explained.

[0114] The voltage measurement step (S100) is a step of measuring the voltages of a plurality of batteries, and can be performed by the voltage measurement unit 110.

[0115] For example, the voltage measurement unit 110 can measure the voltage of each of a plurality of batteries.

[0116] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the voltage measurement unit 110 can measure the voltages of the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd as Va, Vb, Vc, and Vd.

[0117] The voltage deviation calculation step (S200) is a step of calculating the voltage deviation of a plurality of batteries, and can be performed by the control unit 120.

[0118] For example, the control unit 120 can calculate the average voltage of a plurality of batteries. Then, the control unit 120 can calculate the difference between the calculated average voltage and the voltage of each of the plurality of batteries, and calculate the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries.

[0119] In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the control unit 120 can calculate the average voltage of the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd as Vavg. The control unit 120 can calculate the differences between the voltages of the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd and the average voltage, and calculate the voltage deviations of the first battery Ba, the second battery Bb, the third battery Bc, and the fourth battery Bd as dVa, dVb, dVc, and dVd.

[0120] The voltage deviation change amount calculation step (S300) is a step of calculating the voltage deviation change amount of each of a plurality of batteries at predetermined intervals, and can be performed by the control unit 120.

[0121] For example, the control unit 120 can calculate the change amount of the voltage deviation calculated at predetermined intervals for each of the plurality of batteries.

[0122] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit 120 can calculate the voltage deviation change amounts of the first battery Ba at time points t1, t2, and t3 as ΔdV1, ΔdV2, and ΔdV3.

[0123] The diagnosis step (S400) is a step of diagnosing the state of each of a plurality of batteries by comparing the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount of each of the plurality of batteries with a preset diagnosis pattern, and can be performed by the control unit 120.

[0124] For example, the control unit 120 can be configured to diagnose the state of a corresponding battery by analyzing the pattern of a plurality of voltage deviation change amounts calculated for each battery.

[0125] In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the control unit 120 can determine the diagnosis pattern to which the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts (ΔdV1, ΔdV2, ΔdV3) belongs from the preset diagnosis pattern. Then, the control unit 120 can diagnose the state of the first battery Ba so as to correspond to the determined diagnosis pattern.

[0126] The embodiments of the present invention described above are not implemented only by devices and methods, but can also be implemented through a program that realizes functions corresponding to the configurations of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded. Such implementation can be easily achieved by those skilled in the art from the description of the above embodiments.

[0127] The method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be provided included in a computer program product. The computer program product can be traded as a commodity between a seller and a purchaser. The computer program product is distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (for example, a CD-ROM), or can be distributed online (for example, downloaded or uploaded) through an application store or a direct connection between user devices. When distributed online, at least a part of the computer program product can be generated temporarily or stored at least temporarily in a machine-readable storage medium such as the memory of the manufacturer's server, the server of the application store, or a relay server.

[0128] As described above, the present invention has been described with reference to limited embodiments and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It goes without saying that various modifications and variations can be made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs within the equivalent scope of the technical idea and claims of the present invention.

[0129] In addition, the present invention described above can be variously substituted, modified, and changed by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs without departing from the technical idea of the present invention, and is not limited by the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings. For various modifications, all or part of each embodiment can be selectively combined and configured.

Description of Reference Numerals

[0130] 10: Battery Pack 100: Battery Diagnostic Device 110: Voltage measurement unit 120: Control unit 130: Recording unit 900: Automobile 910: Battery pack Ba: First battery Bb: Second battery Bc: Third battery Bd: Fourth battery

Claims

1. a voltage measurement unit configured to measure the voltages of a plurality of batteries; a control unit configured to calculate a voltage deviation of the plurality of batteries, calculate a change amount of the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries every predetermined period, compare a pattern of the change amount of the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries with a preset diagnosis pattern, and diagnose a state of each of the plurality of batteries; a battery diagnosis device including the same.

2. The control unit is configured to: diagnose a state of a corresponding battery based on at least one of a sum, a magnitude, and an increase pattern of a plurality of calculated voltage deviation change amounts at a plurality of time points for each of the plurality of batteries. The battery diagnosis device according to claim 1.

3. The diagnosis pattern includes: at least one of a first diagnosis pattern corresponding to a sum of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, a second diagnosis pattern corresponding to magnitudes of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, a third diagnosis pattern corresponding to a maximum magnitude of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts, and a fourth diagnosis pattern corresponding to an increase pattern of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts. The battery diagnosis device according to claim 2.

4. The control unit is configured to: diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery if the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount corresponds to at least one of the diagnosis patterns. The battery diagnosis device according to claim 3.

5. The control unit is configured to: judge that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount corresponds to the first diagnosis pattern when the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and the sum of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts is equal to or greater than a preset first reference value, and diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery. The battery diagnosis device according to claim 3.

6. The control unit is configured to: judge that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount corresponds to the second diagnosis pattern when the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are equal to or greater than a preset second reference value, and diagnose that an internal micro short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery. The battery diagnosis device according to claim 3.

7. The control unit is configured to: When the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and at least one of the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts is equal to or greater than a preset third reference value, it is determined that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts corresponds to the third diagnostic pattern, and it is configured to diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery. The battery diagnostic device according to claim 3.

8. The third reference value is less than a first reference value preset to correspond to the first diagnostic pattern and configured to exceed a second reference value preset to correspond to the second diagnostic pattern. The battery diagnostic device according to claim 7.

9. The control unit When the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers and the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts increase over time, it is determined that the pattern of the voltage deviation change amounts corresponds to the fourth diagnostic pattern, and it is configured to diagnose that an internal fine short circuit has occurred in the corresponding battery. The battery diagnostic device according to claim 3.

10. The control unit When the plurality of voltage deviation change amounts are positive numbers, it is configured to compare the pattern of the voltage deviation change amount of the corresponding battery with the preset diagnostic pattern. The battery diagnostic device according to claim 2.

11. The control unit is configured to calculate the average voltage of the plurality of batteries, calculate the difference between the calculated average voltage and the voltage of each of the plurality of batteries, and calculate the voltage deviation of each of the plurality of batteries. The battery diagnostic device according to claim 1.

12. The control unit is configured to output one or more signals indicating the diagnostic results of the plurality of batteries to an external device, The external device corresponds to one of a vehicle-mounted system, a vehicle external system, one or more servers communicating with the vehicle, and a mobile device communicating with the vehicle. The battery diagnostic device according to claim 1.

13. A battery pack including the battery diagnostic device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. An automobile including the battery diagnostic device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

15. A voltage measurement step of measuring the voltages of a plurality of batteries, A voltage deviation calculation step of calculating the voltage deviations of the plurality of batteries, A voltage deviation change amount calculation step of calculating a voltage deviation change amount of each of the plurality of batteries at each predetermined cycle; A diagnosis step of diagnosing a state of each of the plurality of batteries by comparing a pattern of the voltage deviation change amount of each of the plurality of batteries with a preset diagnosis pattern. A battery diagnosis method including the above steps.

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