Design of Wake-up Signal Frame

Abstract

A system and method for generating a wake-up signal (WUS) within a wireless communication system are provided. The method includes generating, by at least one cell station, a WUS comprising a user frame having a first preamble and a first data portion and a system frame having a second preamble and a second data portion; receiving, by a wake-up radio (WUR), the WUS; identifying, by the WUR, the WUS; and activating, by the WUR, a conventional receiver based on the identification of the WUS.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] [Cross - Reference to Related Applications] This application claims priority based on U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 411,296, filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) on September 29, 2022, and the entire disclosure thereof is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] [Technical Field] Apparatuses and methods consistent with embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a frame format for a wake - up signal (WUS) that can be incorporated into 3GPP 5G NR.

Background Art

[0003] A low - power wake - up radio (WUR) in the related art is a type of receiver that can operate at lower power than a conventional receiver. A user equipment (UE) may have both a conventional receiver and a low - power wake - up radio. To save power, the conventional receiver may be placed in a low - power consumption state when applicable (e.g., when the UE is in idle mode or DRX mode). In this state, the conventional receiver may be switched off (i.e., not receive or transmit signals), or may be switched to an almost - off mode. While the conventional receiver is in this state, the WUR may be in an operating mode and may monitor for a wake - up signal (WUS). If a WUS is detected and the UE is indicated to switch the conventional receiver on, the UE may switch the conventional receiver on and start executing conventional transmission / reception procedures. For example, it may detect a serving cell, acquire system information, or perform random access.

[0004] Two common designs for the waveform used to generate WUS are on-off keying (OOK) and frequency shift keying (FSK). OOK is adopted in IEEE 802.11ba. In OOK, the waveform contains ON and OFF patterns in the time domain, and specific patterns are used to transmit information. For example, (ON OFF) may be transmitted by bit "1", or (OFF ON) may be transmitted by bit "0". In FSK, the frequency of the waveform transmits information. For example, when a pulse is transmitted on or around frequency f0, bit "0" is transmitted, and when a pulse is transmitted on or around frequency f1, bit "1" is transmitted. Summary of the Invention Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] According to an embodiment, a system and method for generating a new frame format for WUS that can be incorporated into 3GPP 5G NR are provided. Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] According to one embodiment, a wireless communication system is provided. The wireless communication system includes at least one cell station including at least one cell station processor and at least one cell station memory configured to store computer program code, a conventional receiver, and at least one user equipment including a wake-up radio (WUR) including at least one WUR processor and at least one WUR memory configured to store computer program code. The at least one cell station processor is configured to access the at least one cell station memory and execute the computer program code stored therein to generate a wake-up signal (WUS) including a user frame having a first preamble and a first data portion and a system frame having a second preamble and a second data portion. The WUR is configured to receive the WUS. The at least one WUR processor is configured to access the at least one WUR memory and execute the computer program code stored therein to identify the WUS and activate the conventional receiver.

[0007] Here, the system frame may include one or more of information regarding a cell ID, information regarding a duty cycle of the WUS, a synchronization signal, and information regarding a coding rate of the user frame. In addition, the user frame may include information regarding a part of the WUS to be ignored by the WUR. Further, the coding rate of the system frame may be different from the coding rate of the user frame.

[0008] Here, the first data portion may include a control portion and a user data portion. The control portion may have a coding rate different from that of the user data portion and may include information regarding the coding rate of the user data portion.

[0009] Here, the WUS may include one of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) waveform symbols and a plurality of frequency shift keying (FSK) waveform symbols.

[0010] Here, at least one WUR processor may be further configured to access at least one WUR memory, and by executing computer program code stored therein, may be further configured to identify a second cell station in communication with the WUR, and may be further configured to activate a conventional receiver based on the identification of the second cell station.

[0011] According to another embodiment, a method for generating a wake-up signal (WUS) in a wireless communication system including at least one cell station and at least one user equipment including a conventional receiver and a wake-up radio (WUR) is provided. The method includes generating, by the at least one cell station, a wake-up signal (WUS) comprising a user frame having a first preamble and a first data portion and a system frame having a second preamble and a second data portion, receiving, by the WUR, the WUS, identifying, by the WUR, the WUS, and activating, by the WUR, a conventional receiver based on the identification of the WUS.

[0012] Here, the system frame may include one or more of information regarding the cell ID, information regarding the duty cycle of the WUS, a synchronization signal, and information regarding the coding rate of the user frame.

[0013] Here, the user frame may include information regarding a portion of the WUS to be ignored by the WUR.

[0014] Here, the coding rate of the system frame may be different from the coding rate of the user frame.

[0015] Here, the first data portion may include a control portion and a user data portion. The control portion may have a coding rate different from that of the user data portion, and the control portion may include information regarding the coding rate of the user data portion.

[0016] Here, the WUS may include one of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) waveform symbols and a plurality of frequency shift keying (FSK) waveform symbols.

[0017] In addition, the method may further include identifying, by the WUR, a second cell station in communication with the WUR, and activating, by the WUR, a conventional receiver based on the identification of the second cell station.

[0018] According to another embodiment, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute a method for generating a wake-up signal (WUS). The method includes generating, by at least one cell station, a WUS including a user frame having a first preamble and a first data portion and a system frame having a second preamble and a second data portion, receiving, by the WUR, the WUS, identifying, by the WUR, the WUS, and activating, by the WUR, a conventional receiver based on the identification of the WUS.

[0019] Here, the system frame may include one or more of information regarding the cell ID, information regarding the duty cycle of the WUS, a synchronization signal, and information regarding the coding rate of the user frame.

[0020] Here, the user frame may include information regarding a part of the WUS to be ignored by the WUR.

[0021] Here, the coding rate of the system frame may be different from that of the user frame.

[0022] Here, the first data portion may include a control portion and a user data portion. The control portion may have a coding rate different from that of the user data portion, and the control portion may include information regarding the coding rate of the user data portion. Additionally, the method may further include identifying, by the WUR, a second cell station in communication with the WUR, and activating, by the WUR, a conventional receiver based on the identification of the second cell station.

[0023] Additional aspects are presented in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the description, or may be realized by the practice of the disclosed embodiments.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] Features, aspects, and advantages of specific exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent like elements.

[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates two sample frame types according to one or more embodiments.

[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates a WUS frame according to one embodiment.

[0027] FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example of a network device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a WUS according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0030] The following detailed description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings. The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the implementation to the exact forms disclosed. Changes and modifications are possible in light of the foregoing disclosure or may be derived from practice of the implementation. Further, one or more features or components of one embodiment may be integrated with or combined with those of other embodiments (or one or more features of other embodiments). Additionally, in the flowchart and operation descriptions provided below, one or more operations may be omitted, one or more operations may be added, one or more operations may be executed simultaneously (at least in part), and the order of one or more operations may be interchanged.

[0031] It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. The actual special control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not a limitation of the implementation. For this reason, the operations and behavior of the systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code. It is understood that software and hardware may be designed based on the description herein to implement the systems and / or methods.

[0032] Even if certain combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of possible implementations. In fact, many of these features may be combined in different manners than specifically recited in the claims and / or specifically disclosed in the specification. Each of the dependent claims listed below may depend directly on only one claim, but the disclosure of possible implementations includes each dependent claim in combination with all other claims in the claim group.

[0033] None of the elements, acts, or instructions used herein should be construed as important or essential unless explicitly described. Also, as used herein, the articles "a" and "an" are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with "one or more". If only one item is intended, the term "one" or a similar term is used. Also, as used herein, the terms "has", "have", "having", "include", "including", etc. are intended to be open-ended terms. Further, the phrase "based on" is intended to mean "at least partially based on" unless explicitly stated otherwise. Further, expressions such as "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" are understood to include only A, only B, or both A and B.

[0034] Integrating the WUR / WUS concept into the 3GPP New Radio framework requires considering several issues such as the WUS frame design and the impact of mobility on the WUR. In addition, when WUS is transmitted on the same channel as the conventional channel, in the time division duplex (TDD) mode, the gNB cannot transmit in the symbols / slots allocated for uplink (UL) transmission.

[0035] Embodiments provide a new frame format for WUS that can be incorporated into 3GPP 5G NR. In particular, embodiments introduce two frame types, namely, system frames and user frames. System frames can be used for mobility purposes. The cell ID may be transmitted in the system frame. A part of the cell ID may be transmitted in the synchronization sequence or a part of the cell ID may be transmitted in the payload. User frames can indicate to the UE which WUS symbols should be ignored (since they do not include WUS). As a result, power savings can be achieved on the UE side, which may lead to a longer battery life.

[0036] WUS Frame Design

[0037] WUS may include a frame. There may be one or more types of frames. The type of frame may be determined at least by the content of the frame. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the frame type may include user frame 100 and system information frame 150.

[0038] The first type of frame (e.g., user frame 100) may include at least one of preamble 102 and data portion 104. Here, data portion 104 may include control portion 106 and user data portion 108. Preamble 102 may include one or more reference signals and / or one or more synchronization signals. The second type of frame (e.g., system information frame 150) may include at least one of preamble 152 and system data portion 154. Here, system data portion 154 may include system information. The preambles of different frame types may be different. The WUS frame may be transmitted in a duty cycle by a transmitter. That is, there may be a gap during which transmission of the frame type does not occur between two frames. The duty cycle of user frame 100 may be indicated in system frame 150. The duty cycle of system frame 150 may be fixed or may be set / resetted by signaling of a higher layer such as radio resource control (RRC).

[0039] The frame may comprise information bits (e.g., "1" and "0"). Hereinafter, if necessary to avoid confusion, the information bits are shown within quotation marks (or curly brackets). Each information bit may be encoded as one or more WUS waveform symbols. As an example, when OOK is used as the waveform, the ON symbol may be represented as symbol 1, and the OFF symbol may be represented as symbol 0. In one embodiment, the information bits "0" and "1" may be encoded as {'"0": [OFF ON] =

[0001] '} and {'"1": [ON OFF] =

[0010] '}.

[0040] Similarly, when FSK is used as the waveform, symbol 0 may be represented by a waveform generated using a first frequency, and symbol 1 may be represented by a waveform generated using a second frequency. In this case, the two options for encoding the information bits include: In the first encoding method, the information bits are encoded as a frequency transition, e.g., a transition from the first frequency to the second frequency (e.g., {'"0": [f0 f1] =

[0001] '} and {'"1": [f1 f0] =

[0010] '}); In the second encoding method, the information bits are encoded by frequency (e.g., {'"0": [f0] = [0]'} and {'"1": [f1] = [1]'}).

[0041] In one method according to an embodiment, more than one coding rate may be supported. For example, at a coding rate of 1 / 2, the information bits may be represented as {'"0":

[0001] '} and {'"1":

[0010] '}. When a coding rate of 1 / 4 is used, the information bits may be represented by four symbols (e.g., {'"0": [1 0 1 0]'} and {'"1": [ 0 1 0 1]'}).

[0042] Coding rates applicable to different frame types and / or different parts of a frame type may be different. For example, the system information frame 150 may be encoded at a coding rate of 1 / 4, and the coding rate of the user frame 100 may be either 1 / 2 or 1 / 4. In other use cases, the preamble 102 and control part 106 of the user frame 100 may be encoded at a coding rate of 1 / 4, and the user data part 108 may be encoded at a coding rate of 1 / 4 or 1 / 2.

[0043] In one method according to an embodiment, the coding rate applicable to all or part of the user frame 100 may be indicated in the system frame 150. The coding rate of the system frame 150 may be fixed (e.g., 1 / 4). The coding rate of the user frame 100 or a part of the user frame 100 (e.g., the user data part 108) may be indicated in the system frame 150. In another method according to an embodiment, the coding rate applicable to the first part of the user frame 100 may be indicated in the second part. For example, the coding rate of the user data part 108 may be indicated in the control part 106.

[0044] In one embodiment, the coding rate may be indicated by a synchronization signal. The synchronization signal may include two or more sequences. As an example, in the first option, the synchronization sequence signal may comprise [x x]. Here, x may be a vector of information bits. In the second option, the synchronization sequence signal may comprise [x x / ]. Here, x / (underlined x) may be the conjugate of x. Conjugation may mean that the conjugate of '0' is '1' and the conjugate of '1' is '0'. The first option of the synchronization signal may indicate a first coding rate, and the second option of the synchronization signal may indicate a second coding rate. The coding rate of the synchronization signal may be fixed and known to the receiver.

[0045] In one method according to an embodiment, the symbol duration 210 (also denoted as t) of the WUS symbol may take more than one possible value. For example, the ON or OFF signal in OOK signaling may be 2 microseconds or 4 microseconds. Both the symbol duration and the coding rate may together determine the bit rate of the wake-up signal. The above-disclosed method for the coding rate may similarly be applied to the symbol duration. For example, the symbol duration used in the system frame 150 may be set to t0 (e.g., 4 microseconds), and the symbol duration used in the user frame 100 may be indicated in the system frame payload (e.g., system data 154).

[0046] In one method according to an embodiment, the UE may hold a table of symbol duration and coding rate entries. The symbol duration - coding rate pair used in the system frame 150 may be fixed (e.g., set by the RRC and stored in the WUR before the legacy receiver transitions to the off mode), and the symbol duration - coding rate pair used in the user frame 100 may be indicated in the system frame payload (e.g., system data 154) (e.g., as an index to one of the entries in the table). In other methods, similar to what is disclosed above, the symbol duration - coding rate pair may be indicated in the control part 106 of the user frame 100 and / or may be indicated by using a synchronization signal.

[0047] Coexistence of WUS with legacy channels

[0048] WUS may be transmitted on a conventional channel. For example, the gNB may allocate 4 MHz out of a 20 MHz channel for WUS and use the remaining part of the channel for a conventional NR channel such as the downlink shared channel. Note that since the WUS frame may be transmitted in a duty cycle, 4 MHz does not have to be always allocated for WUS and may be allocated only when the WUS frame is transmitted.

[0049] In some cases, the transmitter may not be able to transmit WUS. For example, in a time division duplex (TDD) configuration, some slots and / or some OFDM symbols within a slot (e.g., OFDM symbol 220) may be allocated for uplink (UL) transmission (i.e., the gNB cannot perform downlink (DL) transmission). In one method according to one embodiment, the WUS frame may include information used to indicate to the WUR which parts of the WUS frame should be ignored (in these parts, the gNB is in the UL reception mode and cannot actually transmit in the DL). There may be some other use cases where specific parts of the WUS frame need to be punctured. For example, in the first three symbols in a conventional slot, the entire channel bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz) may be used for the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and WUS may not be transmitted in these symbols.

[0050] In one method according to one embodiment, parts of the WUS frame that should be ignored by the WUR, such as part 230 (e.g., due to non - transmission of WUS in that part), may be indicated to the WUR. Ignoring may mean that the WUR does not estimate WUS symbols or does not use the estimated symbols for decoding information bits in the time intervals corresponding to these parts.

[0051] In one method according to an embodiment, when FSK is used as the WUS waveform, the receiver may determine that a particular WUS symbol may be ignored if at least one of the following applies: (1) the receiver estimates the signal at all possible frequencies (e.g., f0 and f1), and the signal power is below the threshold for all possible frequencies (i.e., no signal is present); (2) the receiver estimates the signal at all possible frequencies, and the signal power is above the threshold for all possible frequencies (i.e., another type of signal is present, such as one of the conventional channels); or (3) the receiver estimates the signal at all possible frequencies, and the maximum difference in signal power is above or below the threshold.

[0052] In another method according to an embodiment, the portion 230 to be ignored by the WUR of the WUS frame may be signaled to the WUR. Note that the duration of the WUS information bit may be shorter than the duration 220 of the OFDM symbol for the conventional system. For example, with a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, one conventional slot is 1 ms, and there are 14 OFDM symbols in one slot, so the conventional OFDM symbol duration is approximately 72 microseconds. On the other hand, the length of the WUS symbol may be significantly shorter (e.g., 2 or 4 microseconds).

[0053] The ignorable part 230 of the WUS frame may be signaled. For example, the control part 106 of the user frame 100 may include a bitmap indicating whether each bit in the bitmap should ignore a specific number of WUS symbols in the user data part 108. For example, assume that the user data part 108 of the frame 100 includes M WUS symbols. In a bitmap of length k, each bit may indicate to the WUR whether to ignore or receive the corresponding M / k WUS symbols. The gNB scheduler may ensure that the control part 106 is always transmitted. In one method, the length of the frame 100 may be indicated or set to be fixed, and the symbols 230 to be ignored may be excluded from the frame length.

[0054] WUS Mobility

[0055] In some cases, the WUR may be mobile and may move from the coverage area of one cell to the coverage area of another cell. The new cell may not have the information of the WUR or may not support WUS at all. Therefore, it is necessary for the WUR to monitor the serving cell. This may be achieved by the WUR that determines and monitors (e.g., periodically) the cell ID.

[0056] The cell ID may be determined as follows. The WUR may monitor a WUS frame (e.g., system frame 150). One of the synchronization signals in the frame (e.g., the synchronization sequence) may be determined by the cell ID or a part of the cell ID. The sequence may be a pseudo-random sequence (e.g., a “m-sequence” as in the primary synchronization sequence used in a conventional 5G NR system). Note that the synchronization sequence is also transmitted by the WUS waveform. For example, when the sequence is 『S = [“0” “0” “1” “0” “1” “1” …]』, bits 0 and 1 may be transmitted in waveforms such as OOK and FSK. The synchronization sequence may be transmitted in the preamble 152 of the system information frame 150. For example, 『cell ID = cell-ID(1) + cell-ID(2)』. The WUR may determine 『cell-ID(1)』 from the received synchronization sequence by correlating the received sequence with a set of template sequences corresponding to possible values of 『cell-ID(1)』 (e.g., 『cell-ID(1)』 may be 0, 1, and 2 corresponding to three possible synchronization sequences).

[0057] The other part of the cell ID (e.g., 『cell-ID(2)』) may be transmitted in the payload of frame 150 (e.g., system data 154). When the WUR determines 『cell-ID(1)』 and performs timing / frequency synchronization, the WUR may receive and decode the payload that may include the remaining part of the cell ID.

[0058] In some cases, the WUR may determine that the serving cell has changed. In this case, the WUR may decide to wake up the primary receiver. The primary receiver may proceed to execute conventional procedures such as measurement and cell reselection. The WUR may decide to wake up the primary receiver when at least one of the following scenarios applies.

[0059] In the first scenario, the detected 'cell-ID(1)' has changed (e.g., from the previous system frame to the current system frame). This may be determined by the WUR in the following cases as an example: 'cell-ID(1)' can take on the values of 0, 1, and 2. The current 'cell-ID(1)' was previously determined by the WUR to be 0. The WUR correlates the received sequence with the sequences corresponding to the values of 0, 1, and 2 of 'cell-ID(1)'. The correlation of the received signal with the sequence corresponding to the value of 1 or 2 of 'cell-ID(1)' is greater than the correlation of the received signal with the sequence corresponding to the value of 0 of the current 'cell-ID(1)'. The correlation may be performed using the filtered (i.e., averaged) received signal.

[0060] In the second scenario, the WUR may continue to count in the counter the number of times it is determined that the serving cell has changed (i.e., the correlation of the received signal with the sequence corresponding to another 'cell-ID(1)' is higher). If the correlation of the received signal with the sequence corresponding to the current 'cell-ID(1)' is higher, the counter may be reset. When the counter reaches a predetermined value, the WUR may decide to wake up the primary receiver.

[0061] In the third scenario, the measurement result of the received synchronization signal has deteriorated. For example, the received power has dropped below the threshold. Note that the signal power may be filtered. Alternatively, the cross-correlation between the received signal and the sequence corresponding to 'cell-ID(1)' has dropped below the threshold or is not the maximum.

[0062] In the fourth scenario, the WUR may decode the frame payload, and the 'cell-ID(2)' in the payload is not the same (i.e., it has changed from the previous frame to the current frame).

[0063] The payload bits in the system frame 150 may be scrambled with a scrambling sequence that is a function of the 'cell-ID(1)'. A frame check sequence may be added to the frame, and it may be scrambled with a sequence determined from the 'cell-ID(1)'.

[0064] In other embodiments, the payload of the system frame 150 may be composed of at least two parts of system data. The first part may include the 'cell-ID(2)', and the second part may include other system information. The two parts may have separate frame checksums. The second part may be scrambled with a sequence that may be a function of the 'cell-ID'. The checksum of the second part may be scrambled with a sequence determined from the 'cell-ID'. These methods are also applicable to the user frame 100. For example, the user frame bits may be scrambled with a sequence determined from one of the 'cell-ID', 'cell-ID(1)', 'cell-ID(2)'.

[0065] The above disclosure provides illustrations and descriptions, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit implementations to the exact forms disclosed. Changes and modifications are possible in light of the above disclosure or may be obtained from practice of the implementations.

[0066] Moving on to FIG. 3, the methods and processes described herein may be executed on a device 300 that may correspond to any type of known computer, server, or data processing device. For example, the device 300 may comprise a printed circuit board (PCB) having a processor, a personal computer (PC), or a computing device, a minicomputer, a mainframe computer, a microcomputer, a telephone computing device, a wired / wireless computing device (e.g., a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA)), a laptop, a tablet, a smart device, or any other similar functional device.

[0067] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the device 300 may include a set of components such as a processor 320, a memory 330, a storage component 340, an input component 350, an output component 360, and a communication interface 370.

[0068] The bus 310 may comprise one or more components that enable communication among the set of components of the device 300. For example, the bus 310 may be a communication bus, a crossover bar, a network, etc. In FIG. 3, the bus 310 is shown as a single line, but the bus 310 may be implemented using multiple (more than two) connections among the set of components of the device 300. The disclosure is not limited in this regard.

[0069] Device 300 may include one or more processors such as processor 320. Processor 320 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. For example, processor 320 may include a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), an accelerated processing unit (APU), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a general-purpose single-chip or multi-chip processor, or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Also, processor 320 may be implemented as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors with DSP cores, or any other such configuration, etc., of a computing device combination. In some embodiments, certain processes and methods may be performed by circuitry specialized for a given function.

[0070] Processor 320 may control the overall operation of device 300 and / or a set of components of device 300 (e.g., memory 330, storage component 340, input component 350, output component 360, communication interface 370).

[0071] Device 300 may further include a memory 330. In some embodiments, the memory 330 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a flash memory, a magnetic memory, an optical memory, and / or other types of dynamic or static storage devices. The memory 330 may store information and / or instructions for use (e.g., execution) by the processor 320.

[0072] The storage component 340 of the device 300 may store information and / or computer-readable instructions and / or code related to the operation and use of the device 300. For example, the storage component 340, together with a corresponding drive, may include a hard disk (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, and / or a solid state disk), a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a universal serial bus (USB) flash drive, a PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) card, a floppy disk, a cartridge, a magnetic tape, and / or other types of non-transitory computer-readable media.

[0073] Device 300 may further include an input component 350. The input component 350 may include one or more components that enable the device 300 to receive information via user input (e.g., a touch screen, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a stylus, a button, a switch, a microphone, a camera, etc.). Alternatively or additionally, the input component 350 may include sensors for measuring information (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) component, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, an actuator, etc.).

[0074] The output component 360 of device 300 may include one or more components that may provide output information from device 300 (e.g., a display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a tactile feedback device, a speaker, etc.).

[0075] Device 300 may further include a communication interface 370. The communication interface 370 may include a receiver component, a transmitter component, and / or a transceiver component. The communication interface 370 may enable Device 300 to establish a connection with and / or transfer communications with other devices (e.g., a server, other devices). The communication may be enabled via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. The communication interface 370 may enable Device 300 to receive information from and / or provide information to other devices. In some embodiments, the communication interface 370 may provide communication with other devices via a network (local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), private network, ad hoc network, intranet, Internet, fiber optic-based network, cellular network (e.g., fifth generation (5G) network, long-term evolution (LTE) network, third generation (3G) network, code division multiple access (CDMA) network, etc.), public land mobile network (PLMN), telephone network (e.g., Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), etc.), and / or a combination of these or other types of networks). Alternatively or additionally, the communication interface 370 may provide communication with other devices via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link such as FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi, LTE, 5G, etc. In other embodiments, the communication interface 370 may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, a radio frequency (RF) interface, etc.

[0076] Device 300 may perform one or more of the processes described herein. Device 300 may perform operations based on a processor 320 that executes computer-readable instructions and / or code that may be stored by a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as a memory 330 and / or a storage component 340. The computer-readable medium may represent a non-transitory memory device. The memory device may include memory space within a single physical storage device and / or memory space distributed across multiple physical storage devices.

[0077] Some embodiments may relate to systems, methods, and / or computer-readable media at any possible level of integration of technical detail. Further, one or more of the above-described components may be stored on a computer-readable medium and implemented as instructions executable by at least one processor (and / or may include at least one processor). The computer-readable medium may include a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium (or medium) storing computer-readable program instructions for causing a processor to perform operations.

[0078] A computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible device that can hold and store instructions for use by an instruction-executing device. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of computer-readable storage media includes the following: portable computer diskettes, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), static random access memory (SRAM), portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disks (DVDs), memory sticks, floppy disks, punch cards, or mechanically encoded devices such as raised structures in grooves in which instructions are recorded, and any suitable combination thereof. As used herein, a computer-readable storage medium is not construed to be a transient signal per se, such as a radio wave or other freely propagating electromagnetic wave, an electromagnetic wave propagating through a waveguide or other transmission medium (e.g., an optical pulse passing through an optical fiber cable), or an electrical signal transmitted through a wire.

[0079] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to respective computing / processing devices, or can be downloaded from an external computer or an external storage device via a network such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network and transfers the computer-readable program instructions for storage in a computer-readable storage medium within each respective computing / processing device.

[0080] The computer-readable program code / instructions for performing the operation may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state setting data, configuration data for integrated circuits, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages including object-oriented programming languages such as Smalltalk, C++, and procedural programming languages such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The computer-readable program instructions may be executed entirely on the user's computer as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network including a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (e.g., through the Internet using an Internet service provider). In some embodiments, for example, an electronic circuit including a programmable logic circuit, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA) may execute the computer-readable program instructions by utilizing the state information of the computer-readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuit for performing the aspect or operation.

[0081] These computer-readable program instructions may be provided to a processor 320 of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor 320 of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram (one or more blocks). These computer-readable program instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that includes instructions that implement aspects of the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram (one or more blocks), such that the computer-readable storage medium forms a manufacture including instructions that, when executed, cause a computer, programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other devices to function in a particular manner, such as in memory 330 etc.

[0082] The computer-readable program instructions may be loaded onto a computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram (one or more blocks) by causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device.

[0083] The computer-readable instructions and / or code may be read from other computer-readable media or from other devices via communication interface 370 into memory 330 and / or storage component 340. The computer-readable instructions and / or code stored in memory 330 and / or storage component 340 may, when executed by processor 320 or at times, cause the device 300 to execute one or more of the processes described herein.

[0084] Alternatively or in addition, instead of or in combination with software instructions, wired circuits may be used to perform one or more of the processes described herein. Thus, the embodiments described herein are not limited to a particular combination of hardware circuits and software.

[0085] The number and arrangement of the components shown in FIG. 3 are provided as an example. In fact, additional components, fewer components, different components, or components with different arrangements may be provided relative to those shown in FIG. 3. Further, two or more components shown in FIG. 3 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in FIG. 3 may be implemented as a plurality of distributed components. Additionally or alternatively, the set(s) of components shown in FIG. 3 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by other sets of components shown in FIG. 3.

[0086] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless communication system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 400 (which may be represented as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include one or more user equipment (UE) 410, one or more base stations 420, at least one transport network 430, and at least one core network 440. The device 300 (FIG. 3) may be integrated into the UE 410 or the base station 420.

[0087] One or more UEs 410 may access at least one core network 440 and / or IP services 450 via a connection to one or more base stations 420 on the RAN domain 424 and through at least one transport network 430. Examples of UEs 410 may include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, Global Positioning System (GPS), multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablets, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functioning devices. Some of the one or more UEs 410 may be represented as Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). The one or more UEs 410 may be represented as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, radio units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile agents, clients, or some other suitable representation.

[0088] One or more base stations 420 may communicate wirelessly with one or more UEs 410 on the RAN domain 424. Each base station of the one or more base stations 420 may provide communication coverage to one or more UEs 410 located within the geographical coverage area of the base station 420. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the base station 420 may transmit one or more beamformed signals to one or more UEs 410 in one or more transmission directions. One or more UEs 410 may receive the beamformed signals from the base station 420 in one or more reception directions. Alternatively or in addition, one or more UEs 410 may transmit beamformed signals to the base station 420 in one or more transmission directions. The base station 420 may receive the beamformed signals from one or more UEs 410 in one or more reception directions.

[0089] The one or more base stations 420 may include macrocells (e.g., high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (e.g., low-power cellular base stations). Small cells may include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. The base station 420 that is a macrocell or a large cell may include an access point (AP), an evolved (or evolved universal terrestrial wireless access network (E-UTRAN)) Node B (eNB), a next-generation Node B (gNB), or any other type of base station known to those skilled in the art, and / or may be referred to as.

[0090] One or more base stations 420 may be configured to interface (e.g., establish a connection, transfer data, etc.) with at least one core network 440 through at least one transport network 430. In addition to other functions, one or more base stations 420 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of data received from one or more UEs 410 (e.g., uplink data) to at least one core network 440 via at least one transport network 430, and transfer of data received from at least one core network 440 (e.g., downlink data) to one or more UEs 410 via at least one transport network 430.

[0091] The transport network 430 may transfer data (e.g., uplink data, downlink data) and / or signaling between the RAN domain 424 and the CN domain 444. For example, the transport network 430 may provide one or more backhaul links between one or more base stations 420 and at least one core network 440. The backhaul link may be wired or wireless.

[0092] The core network 440 may be configured to provide one or more services (e.g., enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), and massive machine type communications (mMTC), etc.) to one or more UEs 410 connected to the RAN domain 424 via the TN domain 434. Alternatively or in addition, the core network 440 may function as an entry point for IP services 450. The IP services 450 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), streaming services (e.g., video, audio, gaming, etc.), and / or other IP services.

[0093] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a method for generating a WUS disclosed herein. Specifically, the method includes an operation S510 in which a wake-up signal (WUS) including a user frame and a system frame is generated. Here, the user frame includes a first preamble and a first data part, and the system frame includes a second preamble and a second data part. Subsequently, this WUS is received by a wake-up radio in operation S520. The WUR recognizes the WUS in operation S530, and in response to the WUS, the wake-up radio activates a conventional receiver in operation S540.

[0094] The illustrated flowcharts and block diagrams illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operations of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer-readable media according to various embodiments. Here, each block in the flowchart or block diagram may represent a microservice, module, segment, or portion of instructions that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function. The method, computer system, and computer-readable media may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those shown in the figures. In some alternative implementations, the functions shown in the blocks may occur out of the order shown in the figures. For example, two blocks shown consecutively may actually be executed simultaneously or substantially simultaneously depending on the functions involved, or the blocks may be executed in the reverse order. Note that each block of the illustrated examples of the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the illustrated examples of the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, may be implemented by a system based on dedicated hardware that performs a particular function or act, or by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0095] It will be apparent that the systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. The actual special control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not a limitation of the implementation. For this reason, the operation and behavior of the systems and / or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code. It is understood that software and hardware may be designed based on the description herein to implement the systems and / or methods.

Claims

1. At least one cell station comprising at least one cell station processor and at least one cell station memory configured to store computer program code, At least one user equipment comprising a receiver and a wake-up radio (WUR) comprising at least one WUR processor and at least one WUR memory configured to store computer program code, Comprising, The at least one cell station processor is configured to access the at least one cell station memory and execute the computer program code stored therein to generate a wake-up signal (WUS) comprising a user frame having a first preamble and a first data part and a system frame having a second preamble and a second data part, The WUR is configured to receive the WUS, and the at least one WUR processor is configured to access the at least one WUR memory and execute the computer program code stored therein to identify the WUS and activate the receiver, A wireless communication system.

2. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein the system frame comprises one or more of information regarding a cell ID, information regarding a duty cycle of the WUS, a synchronization signal, and information regarding a coding rate of the user frame.

3. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein the user frame comprises information regarding a part of the WUS to be ignored by the WUR.

4. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein a coding rate of the system frame is different from a coding rate of the user frame.

5. The first data part comprises a control part and a user data part, The control part has a coding rate different from that of the user data part, The control part comprises information regarding the coding rate of the user data part, The wireless communication system according to claim 1.

6. The wireless communication system according to claim 1, wherein the WUS is composed of one of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) waveform symbols and a plurality of frequency shift keying (FSK) waveform symbols.

7. The at least one WUR processor is further configured to access the at least one WUR memory and, by executing the computer program code stored therein, is further configured to identify a second cell station in communication with the WUR, and further configured to activate the receiver based on the identification of the second cell station, the wireless communication system according to claim 1.

8. A method executed by at least one processor for generating a wake-up signal (WUS) in a wireless communication system comprising at least one cell station and at least one user equipment comprising a receiver and a wake-up radio (WUR), generating, by the at least one cell station, a wake-up signal (WUS) comprising a user frame comprising a first preamble and a first data portion and a system frame comprising a second preamble and a second data portion; receiving, by the WUR, the WUS; identifying, by the WUR, the WUS; activating, by the WUR, the receiver based on the identification of the WUS; A method comprising the steps of.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the system frame comprises one or more of information regarding a cell ID, information regarding a duty cycle of the WUS, a synchronization signal, and information regarding a coding rate of the user frame.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the user frame comprises information regarding a part of the WUS to be ignored by the WUR.

11. The method according to claim 8, wherein a coding rate of the system frame is different from a coding rate of the user frame.

12. The first data portion comprises a control portion and a user data portion, the control portion has a coding rate different from that of the user data portion, the control portion comprises information regarding the coding rate of the user data portion, The method according to claim 8.

13. The WUS according to claim 8 is composed of one of a plurality of on-off keying (OOK) waveform symbols and a plurality of frequency shift keying (FSK) waveform symbols.

14. identifying, by the WUR, a second cell station in communication with the WUR; activating, by the WUR, the receiver based on the identification of the second cell station; The method according to claim 8, further comprising.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for causing the processor to execute a method for generating a wake-up signal (WUS) when executed by the processor, wherein the method generating, by at least one cell station, a WUS comprising a user frame comprising a first preamble and a first data portion and a system frame comprising a second preamble and a second data portion; receiving, by the WUR, the WUS; identifying, by the WUR, the WUS; activating, by the WUR, a receiver based on the identification of the WUS; A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the system frame comprises one or more of information regarding a cell ID, information regarding a duty cycle of the WUS, a synchronization signal, and information regarding a coding rate of the user frame.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein the user frame comprises information regarding a portion of the WUS to be ignored by the WUR.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, wherein a coding rate of the system frame is different from a coding rate of the user frame.

19. The first data portion comprises a control portion and a user data portion, the control portion has a coding rate different from that of the user data portion, the control portion comprises information regarding the coding rate of the user data portion, The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15.

20. The method identifying, by the WUR, a second cell station in communication with the WUR; activating the receiver based on identification of the second cell station by the WUR; The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 15, further comprising.

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