Method and apparatus for an ESS to assist grid power

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention is a method for operating an energy storage device (ESS) in a battery management system (BMS) connected to a power grid and including the ESS, which controls the input and output of the ESS based on the amount of power of the power grid so that the power supply of a facility or equipment connected to the power grid is not interrupted or an abnormal operation is detected and the ESS copes with the overall power situation of the power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an integrated system combining an energy storage device (ESS) and a charger, and more particularly, to a watt-hour meter-based operation system and method for determining and managing the power flow of an entire system where an ESS is installed.

Background Art

[0002] An energy storage system (ESS) is a device that stores electricity in a battery or the like and then supplies power to the grid. The energy storage device can perform charging and discharging.

[0003] Recently, as the use of electric vehicles has expanded, electric vehicle chargers have been placed in various spaces. However, the use of electric vehicle chargers increases the electricity consumption of the grid and may affect other electricity consumption in the corresponding space. In particular, when the electricity consumption suddenly increases, there is a problem that the use of electric vehicle chargers is restricted.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a measure to provide a system for stably charging in the space where the charger is arranged and realizing this.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle charging system that is driven in cooperation with ESS power by assisting the power use of the charger with an energy storage device to stabilize the power supply of the grid.

[0006] Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a watt-hour meter-based operation system and method for determining and managing the power flow of an entire system where an ESS is installed. An additional problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power meter-based operation system and method that can recognize emergency situations, use power more efficiently, and reduce dependence on specific devices.

[0007] The problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned here will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an energy storage device ESS operation method characterized in that the output of the ESS is adjusted based on the amount of power in the power grid so that the power supply of a facility or equipment connected to the power grid is not interrupted, or an abnormal operation is detected and the ESS is controlled to cope with the overall power situation of the power grid.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a battery charging management system including an energy storage device ESS, a step of checking all of a first amount of power used in the power grid, a second amount of power required by a charger used for charging an electric vehicle, and a third amount of power used by a load in another area connected to the power grid, and a step of selectively executing a discharge mode for assisting the power of the power grid or a diagnostic mode for detecting and warning a diagnostic necessity according to the check result of the amount of power are provided. An energy storage device ESS operation method is provided.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an energy storage device (ESS) operation system including a power conversion device that supplies and converts power from a power grid, an energy storage device (ESS) connected to the power grid and the power conversion device, and a sensor network implemented to be able to judge and manage the power flow of the entire system where the energy storage device ESS is installed.

Advantages of the Invention

[0011] When implementing the embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage device can assist the power consumption of the charger to stabilize the power supply of the grid, thereby enabling the charger to provide a stable electric vehicle charging service.

[0012] When implementing the embodiments of the present invention, a system capable of managing and controlling the power amount in the entire grid area can be provided. When implementing the embodiments of the present invention, a system capable of immediately responding in the event of an emergency in the ESS-related power supply and load can be provided.

[0013] The effects provided by the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned here will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

Brief Description of the Drawings

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BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0015] The advantages and features of the invention presented in this specification, and the method for achieving them, will become clear by referring to the embodiments described in detail hereinafter together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed in this specification, and can be realized in various different forms. Merely, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure of the present invention complete, and to fully inform those having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains of the scope of the invention. The present invention is only defined by the scope of the claims. The same reference numerals can indicate the same components throughout this specification.

[0016] Also, in describing the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description of related known configurations or functions may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description thereof can be omitted.

[0017] In addition, when describing the components of the present invention, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc. can be used. These terms are merely for distinguishing the components from other components, and do not limit the essence, order, or number of the corresponding components by such terms. When a component is described as being "connected", "coupled", or "joined" to another component, that component can be directly connected or joined to the other component, but it should be understood that other components may "intervene" between the components, or the components may be "connected", "coupled", or "joined" through other components.

[0018] Hereinafter, in this specification, a technique will be studied in which an energy storage device installed in a space such as a building, a house, a subway, or a public facility controls charging and discharging of the energy storage device according to the electrical usage status of other electrical devices in the space. Also, a technique will be studied in which the energy storage device controls a charger according to the electrical usage status described above. And when the power consumption load of other electrical devices in the space increases, a technique will be studied in which the energy storage device supplies power to other electrical devices.

[0019] Generally, an energy storage system (ESS) is composed of a battery, a battery management system (BMS), a power conversion system (PCS), an energy management system (EMS), etc. The battery has one or more cells, a plurality of cells form one module, and a plurality of modules can form one rack. The energy storage system (ESS) configured in this way can be connected to a power grid, an electrical network, a power grid, etc. to receive power supply.

[0020] The energy storage device (ESS) can be used for charging electric vehicles (EVs). Here, there are batteries applied to the energy storage device (ESS) and batteries applied inside the electric vehicle (EV), and there is a state-of-charge (SoC) for the corresponding batteries. The background explanation is as follows.

[0021] First, it is necessary to understand the charge and discharge rate (C-Rate) of the battery. The charging rate of the battery and / or the discharging rate of the battery can be controlled by the charge and discharge rate (C-Rate). The charge and discharge rate (C-Rate) means the measurement of the current used for charging and / or discharging the battery. As an example, the meaning that a specific battery discharges at 1C-Rate or 1C means that a battery with a capacity of 10Ah (that is, the amount of electricity when a 10A (ampere) current flows for 1 hour) can discharge 10A (ampere) from a fully charged state in 1 hour. Thus, the charging rate of the battery can also be expressed by the C-Rate.

[0022] When measuring a battery charged at a specific C-Rate, the corresponding state of charge (SoC) can be confirmed. When charging an electric vehicle (EV) using the energy storage device (ESS), various controls related to charging can be executed by checking the SoC of the battery inside the energy storage device (ESS), the SoC of the battery inside the electric vehicle (EV), etc.

[0023] The embodiments of the present invention described below relate to the system control required when charging an electric vehicle (EV) using an integrated system in which an electric vehicle charger is applied to an energy storage device (ESS). The inventors present by focusing on the technically improved features compared with the conventional or existing energy storage device (ESS) system configurations and controls. The features of the present invention can also be expressed as an electric vehicle charging system driven in cooperation with the ESS power.

[0024] Hereinafter, the features of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the embodiments. FIG. 1(a) is a diagram showing the power supply configuration of a power supply system 100 related to an embodiment of the present invention, including a power grid 110, an energy storage device 140, and other electrical devices 120, 130, 150, 160, 170.

[0025] Generally, the power supply system 100 has a main distribution board 120 that is supplied with power, i.e., alternating current (AC), from the power grid 110, and the corresponding power is distributed and provided to a power conversion system (PCS), a power bank, or a similar power conversion device 130. On the other hand, the main distribution board 120 is also connected to the ESS external load 170 and can supply power.

[0026] The power conversion device 130 is operatively connected to an energy storage device 140 such as a VIB ESS and can provide necessary control to transmit or receive power. The power conversion device 130 is also connected to a charger 150, and the charger 150 can be connected to an electric vehicle (EV) 160 or other objects that need to be charged. The electric vehicle (EV) 160 can selectively receive power provided from the power grid 110 and / or the energy storage device 140 under the control of the power conversion device 130.

[0027] Here, at least one of the main distribution board 120, the power conversion device 130, the energy storage device 140, the charger 150, the electric vehicle (EV) 160, and the ESS external load 170 can be installed at a designated location, for example, inside or adjacent to a specific building.

[0028] Such a power supply system 100 is desirably installed and controlled to supply grid power to a specific building and additionally perform electric vehicle charging. Therefore, the outputs for the parts indicated by A, B, and C in FIG. 1(a) are described in more detail in FIG. 1(b).

[0029] Figure 1(b) is a conceptual diagram for explaining the output for the portions indicated by A, B, and C in Figure 1(a) described above. Figures 1(a) and 1(b) pertain to a technology in which an ESS and a charger are combined to assist with an ESS so as not to exceed the contract power of the grid and perform ESS charging after charging is completed.

[0030] The graph of output A shows the charger output over time, and the charging of the electric vehicle is performed while receiving power supply from the grid and the ESS. It can be seen that the maximum output appears at the start and initial stage of electric vehicle charging, the output of the charger decreases as time passes, and reaches the lowest level as the end of electric vehicle charging approaches. The contract power related to the grid is illustratively shown at a constant level and will be described in more detail below.

[0031] The graph of output B shows the grid output over time, and it can be seen that the maximum output appears at the start and initial stage of electric vehicle charging, the output of the charger decreases as time passes, and reaches the lowest level as the end of electric vehicle charging approaches.

[0032] The graph of output C shows the ESS output over time, and it can be seen that the maximum output appears at the start and initial stage of electric vehicle charging, the output of the charger decreases as time passes, and reaches the lowest level as the end of electric vehicle charging approaches. Here, the maximum output of the ESS is the value obtained by subtracting the contract power of the grid mentioned above from the maximum output of the charger.

[0033] Figure 1(c) is a conceptual configuration diagram related to an embodiment of the present invention. Power is supplied from the power grid for charging the electric vehicle and is supplied to the electric vehicle charger after corresponding AC / DC conversion. The energy storage device (ESS) assists such grid power, and a switching circuit is included in the corresponding AC / DC conversion unit when performing charging and discharging, and it is possible to execute switching between discharging and charging of the energy storage device during the electric vehicle charging procedure.

[0034] Therefore, embodiments of the present invention receive power from at least one of a power grid and an energy storage device, execute a charging procedure through a charger, and are capable of switching between discharging and charging the energy storage device according to the state of the power grid during an electric vehicle charging procedure, and can be regarded as providing an electric vehicle charging method characterized by this.

[0035] Next, the relationship between the output of the charger, the output of the ESS, and the state of charge (SoC) will be described in more detail. FIG. 2(a) is a conceptual diagram of the relationship between the output of the charger, the output of the ESS, and the state of charge (SoC) according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Following the descriptions of FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) mentioned above, when starting to charge the first EV (electric vehicle), an output of the charger exceeding the contract power of the grid is required, and a case is shown where the electric vehicle charging is first executed with the ESS output. As time passes, the output of the charger decreases due to the continuous discharge of the ESS, and in the interval below the grid contract power, the charging is continuously executed with the power of the grid until the end point of charging the first EV. After that, when trying to immediately charge the second EV, it cannot be immediately utilized due to the discharge of the ESS. That is, as can be seen by measuring the SoC of the ESS, the SoC reaches a state of approximately 0% at the end point of charging the first EV.

[0037] When EV charging starts with the ESS fully charged, the ESS can assist and charge at the maximum output. If the capacity of the ESS is approximately the same as the amount of power to assist an EV, after charging one EV, it may become difficult to assist the second EV. To solve this, the capacity of the ESS can be increased, but there is a problem that the overall cost increases and the profitability decreases. As another method, the ESS can be recharged, but there is a problem that the number of charged EVs decreases due to the standby time during recharging, and the profitability decreases.

[0038] On the other hand, it can be seen that there is an area where the grid's contract power is wasted during the latter half of the first EV charging. In contrast, the inventors of the present invention recognized the problem regarding such a wasted area and decided to conduct research and development on technical measures that can improve it.

[0039] FIG. 2(b) is a conceptual diagram regarding the relationship between the output of the charger, the output of the ESS, and the state of charge (SoC) according to an additional embodiment of the present invention. To explain the background, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) currently used for electric vehicle charging can be fast-charged at a low SoC due to their electrochemical characteristics. However, when the SoC rises above a certain level, charging is performed at a reduced speed for safety reasons. Even when applying an ultra-fast charger, ultra-fast charging only progresses in the initial stage, and it becomes a low-speed charging mode after a certain point, leaving room for improvement in the EV charging process. That is, it is desirable for the ESS that assists the power grid to supply optimal power according to the amount of power required by the electric vehicle, and it can be seen that a VIB with a wide charge / discharge rate (C-rate) coverage (coverage: available range) is an optimized battery for the ESS.

[0040] Therefore, the inventors have decided to develop a charging system in which charging / discharging of the ESS is performed simultaneously during electric vehicle charging. That is, a system is devised in which ESS discharge is performed during the high-speed charging section of the electric vehicle to assist the power of the power grid, and then ESS charging occurs according to the state of the power grid when transitioning to the low-speed charging section of the electric vehicle. As a result, it can be said that it is a system in which the difference between the SoC of the ESS at the start of electric vehicle charging and the SoC of the ESS after the end of electric vehicle charging is below a certain level.

[0041] In addition, the inventors have come to recognize that a VIB ESS capable of handling changes in charging / discharging output from low output to high output is suitable because the change in charging / discharging output is large depending on the state of the power grid. The inventors propose to use it for VIB ESS charging in the area where the grid's contract power shown in FIG. 2(a) described above is wasted.

[0042] Here, in the VIB ESS, charging can be performed for at least one battery, at least one cell, at least one module, and / or at least one rack.

[0043] First, when electric vehicle charging occurs continuously, if the charger output becomes less than a specific reference value, for example, the contract power (of the power grid), the surplus output can be used for ESS charging. By performing the necessary control here, it is characterized in that the SoC of the ESS does not change until the first EV charging is completed and until the charging of the next second EV occurs. That is, in order for EV users to be able to use the best charger at any time, the inventors have devised a charging system in which the charging and discharging of the ESS are both executed during the electric vehicle charging process so that the grid power can be supplied to a specific building and electric vehicle charging can also be performed together.

[0044] At this time, for the ESS, since a full charge and discharge cycle occurs for each EV, a long-life VIB is advantageous. The charger operator can maintain the maximum charging speed even when using an ESS with a capacity of about half that of one EV.

[0045] Figure 2(c) is a conceptual diagram of other relationships between the output of the charger, the output of the ESS, and the state of charge (SoC) according to an additional embodiment of the present invention. When the electric vehicle charging is interrupted midway, some EV users may interrupt the charging and operate when the electric vehicle charging speed drops below a certain level. Therefore, it may also be necessary to secure a part of the ESS charging time or to lower the maximum output to a certain level while securing the ESS charging time.

[0046] This is shown as a region of short waiting time in Figure 2(c), showing the relationship between the corresponding charger output, ESS output, and ESS SoC. When the charging of the electric vehicle ends before the switching reference value from ESS discharge to charging is reached, control is executed to resume ultra-fast charging after ensuring the charging time of the ESS for a certain period.

[0047] Or, when the charging of the electric vehicle ends before the switching reference value from ESS discharge to charging is reached and ultra-fast charging immediately proceeds, control is executed to down-regulate the ultra-fast charging power of the electric vehicle. For example, such control can also be executed when the ESS is difficult to discharge.

[0048] Also, an embodiment of the present invention relates to a power meter-based operation system for judging and managing the power flow of the entire system where the ESS is installed. The present inventors recognized that existing ESS-related devices have problems with the quality of power measurement. In particular, due to the noise of the power conversion device that must be installed in the ESS and the EV charger, there is a problem that the measured power of the power converter itself has a significant deviation. Therefore, the present inventors came up with the configuration and operation method of the power meter-based operation system, which can immediately respond when an emergency occurs in other loads other than the ESS dedicated load. A monitoring network composed of various sensors and power meters that are specially installed in the power meter-based operation system and can communicate with each other is constructed to basically measure AC or DC voltage, AC or DC current, grid frequency, etc., and selectively measure temperature, humidity, etc. additionally, enabling power management and control of the entire grid area.

[0049] The power meter that constitutes the monitoring network can track the cause of noise in the grid and can make an immediate judgment on an emergency and perform control to solve it. Therefore, it is also possible to participate in the fee settlement through the judgment and management of power consumption and loss power.

[0050] Even when some of the plurality of power meters malfunction or operate abnormally, power inference is possible, precise tracking of the failure state of the electrical / electronic devices in the grid is possible, and the efficiency management of the power conversion device can also be executed.

[0051] Exemplarily, in the existing ESS operation system, regarding the fee settlement, when charging and using electricity, it may be difficult for the user to confirm the actual amount of electricity consumed from the user's perspective. Therefore, in the ESS assisted between the grid and the (user side) load, the present invention is implemented so that the loss amount for each location (site) can be calculated and the system can be configured and operated.

[0052] For example, after calculating the power loss amount from the grid to the load, the ESS can assist by the corresponding loss amount, and the supplier can be billed for the amount of electricity assisted. When calculating the loss amount from the ESS to the load, a discount privilege can be given at the time of settlement for the amount of electricity lost in the ESS. Here, a fee settlement screen can be displayed to the user, and in addition to the total usage fee and the settlement amount, the ESS assisted loss power fee can also be displayed and notified.

[0053] From the user's perspective, if the power supplier determines the loss part by itself and gives a discount, it may have an expected effect of improving the corporate image and reliability. Also, in order not to give the maximum discount privilege, the ESS must be installed and operated so that there is no loss in the power assisted by the ESS, so an improvement in the ESS quality can also be expected.

[0054] Next, a comparative description will be given of the features of the prior art and the present invention. Considering the operation method, conventionally, it was an operation based on the ESS standard, whereas the present invention has a difference in that it is an operation according to the grid power state.

[0055] Looking at the operation control form, conventionally, when receiving a charge / discharge request by the ESS, or when the grid frequency fluctuates, or when operating according to demand prediction. On the other hand, in the present invention, it can be seen that there is a difference in that the operation is based on the power situation of the grid where the ESS is installed, or additional operations according to the usage amount and loss amount for each section, or emergency operations when an emergency occurs.

[0056] Therefore, conventional problems include the inability to recognize emergencies, inefficient power usage, and an increased dependence on specific devices. For example, when using frequency detection, there was a drawback of relying only on the frequency measurement device, or in the case of the demand prediction method, relying only on existing data. However, although the overall system of the present invention is somewhat more complex and requires the installation of a precise power measurement device compared to the prior art, it can overcome the above problems and drawbacks.

[0057] As a result, the inventors of the present invention have decided to research and develop a power meter-based operation system of the present invention from the perspective of controlling not only the power of only the ESS like existing ESSs but the entire power grid in which the ESS is installed.

[0058] In addition, the utilization of the present invention also has the effect of enabling more efficient execution of power quantity transactions such as power auctions and power price bidding. On the other hand, the power meter-based operation system of the present invention is applicable to various power grids, electrical grids, smart grids, and the like.

[0059] As an example, a micro-grid refers to a power grid that integrates distributed power sources and loads in a small-scale restricted area to produce, store, and consume electricity by itself. Also, by applying artificial intelligence (AI) technology, it enables improved operation efficiency and energy trading. Different from a smart grid (SG), a micro-grid has a small application scale, and the power generation source and the demand destination are configured within one grid.

[0060] Microgrids are classified into independent or grid-connected types based on their operating modes. An independent microgrid supplies power on its own as an independent power grid not connected to the central power grid. On the other hand, in the case of a grid-connected microgrid, it is powered by the central power grid during normal times, and has the characteristic of high power supply reliability compared to an independent microgrid through independent operation during emergencies such as power outages. Also, within the local area, it is possible to minimize the construction of long-distance power transmission grids through energy self-sufficiency, and small and medium-sized distributed resources can be installed near the demand site, eliminating the need for large-scale power plant construction.

[0061] A microgrid solution that can organically interact with the power system for management of supply resources, system analysis, and power quality management requires excellent scalability, rapid and accurate data processing, accommodation of various communication protocols, etc., and the application of conversion technologies defined by the international standard IEC 61850 for interoperability is important.

[0062] In consideration of such various requirements and for technical compatibility, the inventors came up with the configuration and operation of a power quantity meter-based operation system that determines and manages the power flow of the entire system where an ESS is installed.

[0063] For a more specific understanding, the features of additional embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 3(a), 3(b), 4(a), and 4(b). Incidentally, all or most of the components shown in FIGS. 3(a) to 4(b) conceptually represent a specific area, that is, the entire system where an ESS is installed. Here, the system where an ESS is installed may be a single building, or can mean a specific area or region that should be supplied with power from both the power grid and the ESS in the form of a commercial facility or industrial park with multiple buildings.

[0064] The general power quantity meter-based operation system 300 will be exemplarily described with an example applied to an ESS and an electric vehicle charger integration system, but it is also applicable to other types of ESS configurations and commercial application cases.

[0065] In addition, although an electricity meter is exemplarily shown in the drawings, monitoring means, devices, sensors, measuring instruments, meters, electricity meters, etc. for confirming and comparing and judging various amounts of electricity can be used, and wired communication such as Ethernet or wireless communication devices and technologies such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark) can be utilized for the transmission and reception of the corresponding electricity amount information.

[0066] FIG. 3(a) is a diagram showing the configuration and operation of an electricity meter-based operation system for judging and managing the power flow of the entire system in which an ESS is installed according to an additional embodiment of the present invention. The power provided from the power grid (e.g., AC grid) 310 is subjected to necessary power transformation through the substation 320 and transmitted to the main distribution board 330. The main distribution board 330 can be connected to at least one lower-level distribution board, and only the ESS distribution board 340 is exemplarily shown.

[0067] The ESS distribution board 340 can generally transmit the power for the ESS / charger and the power for the external load of the ESS through the distribution. The external load 380 of the ESS is diverse and means the electricity / power required for various mechanical equipment such as the lighting of the corresponding building, the communication network including servers, the air conditioning system, and the elevator.

[0068] There are a PMS 370 that executes power management, a PCS 350 that executes power conversion and processing, and / or a power bank 360 for the power for the ESS / charger. The PMS 370, PCS 350, and power bank 360 are electrically and communicatively connected to each other.

[0069] The VIB ESS 379 including a vanadium ion battery (VIB) can receive power from the PCS 350 through the DC distribution board 359 under the control of the PMS 370.

[0070] The power bank 360 can transmit power to the charger 369 to charge the electric vehicle 390. The charger 369 can be under the control of the PMS 370 and is also operatively connected to the VIB ESS 379.

[0071] On the other hand, the PMS 370, PCS 350, power bank 360, VIB ESS 379, charger 369, etc. are indicated by thick dotted lines as being communicatively connectable to each other. Additionally, the VIB ESS 379 can also assist the power grid according to the situation and discharge the charged battery to provide power to the charger 369, ESS external load 380, etc. with part of the power, which is indicated by thin dotted lines. Although the discharge of the VIB ESS 379, that is, the display of the power supply flow, is not shown in the subsequent FIGS. 3(b), 4(a) and 4(b), it will be understood that the corresponding operations can be performed.

[0072] In order to perform the power flow judgment and management of the entire system where the ESS is installed with such a configuration, a plurality of monitoring means, electricity meters, etc. must be installed and operated at appropriate locations in the electricity meter-based operation system.

[0073] For example, there is an electricity meter 333 located between the main switchboard 330 and the ESS switchboard 340, which performs various measurements such as the amount of electricity. This electricity meter 333 measures the available electricity in the entire grid compared to the total system power consumption, and is utilized for the surplus electricity amount, shortage electricity amount, power cut-off information, etc.

[0074] There is an electricity meter 383 located between the ESS switchboard 340 and the ESS external load 380, which performs various measurements such as the amount of electricity. This electricity meter 383 (together with the electricity meter 333) measures the available electricity in the entire grid compared to the total system power consumption and the consumption of the ESS external load 380, and is utilized for the load consumption amount, power loss amount, surplus electricity amount, etc.

[0075] There is an electricity meter 363 located between the ESS switchboard 340 and the power bank 360, which performs various measurements such as the amount of electricity. This electricity meter 363 (together with the electricity meter 333) measures the total system power consumption compared to the available power of the entire grid and the power consumption of the EV charger 369, and is utilized for load power consumption, power loss, surplus power, etc.

[0076] There is an electricity meter 353 located between the ESS switchboard 340 and the PCS 350, which performs various measurements such as the amount of electricity. The electricity meter 353 and the electricity meter 363 can (i.e., as electricity meters near the power conversion device) determine the error for power conversion device measurement. For example, if an abnormality is determined by numerically comparing the actual power consumption and the power consumption recognized by the power conversion device, it can also be determined that a failure has occurred in the power conversion device. Eventually, it is utilized for failure determination, power conversion device precision measurement, etc.

[0077] On the other hand, when a part of the electricity meters fails, the grid state can also be determined based on the data of the electricity meters that are not faulty. That is, the faulty electricity meter data can be obtained by summing up the three types of load electricity amounts. For example, it is also possible to check the presence or absence of a failure of the electricity meter 333 by using the electricity meter 353, the electricity meter 363, and the electricity meter 383 together. As another example, it is also possible to check the presence or absence of a failure of the electricity meter 383 by using the electricity meter 353, the electricity meter 363, and the electricity meter 333 together. Eventually, the inference and / or confirmation of the faulty electricity meter, and grid control can be executed based on the data of the electricity meters that are not faulty.

[0078] Therefore, such a plurality of electricity meters (or monitoring means) can form a single network and communicate with each other to transmit and receive data like an Internet of Things (IoT) network, a sensor network, etc.

[0079] Therefore, when using such a monitoring network, when a situation such as a power outage occurs in the system where the ESS is installed, the following procedures can be executed: First, the stage of checking or saving the maximum amount of power available in the grid where the ESS is installed; Second, the stage of receiving the power supply amount information for the ESS external load; Third, the stage of receiving the required power amount information for the charger; Fourth, comparing and judging the power amounts in the second and third stages; Finally, when the power of the grid is cut off, the ESS discharges to assist the overall grid power so that the power supply of the facilities connected to the grid is not cut off.

[0080] Additionally, when using such a monitoring network, it is possible to handle any failures or abnormal situations that occur in the system where the ESS is installed. When the VIB ESS379 is driving in the charging, discharging, or standby mode, if the output power is greater than the supplied power, or if a failure is determined to have occurred when the output power is significantly lower than the supplied power.

[0081] In the case of electric vehicle charging, when the output power is higher than the supplied power, a system diagnosis required fault notification occurs. For example, when the sum of the grid power supplied to the charger 369 and the power supplied from the ESS379 is less than the output power of the charger 369, it is determined as a fault situation.

[0082] Additionally, when the output power is significantly lower than the supplied power, a system diagnosis required fault notification occurs. For example, when the power of ((grid power supplied to the charger 369 + power supplied from the ESS379) × 80%) is greater than or equal to the output power of the charger 369, it is determined as a fault situation.

[0083] Figure 3(b) is a diagram showing the configuration and operation of a wattmeter-based operation system for judging and managing the power flow of the entire system where the ESS is installed according to an additional embodiment of the present invention. Only the other parts of FIG. 3(a) described above are explained, and basically, it is a structure in which a wattmeter is additionally applied to a specific position compared to FIG. 3(a).

[0084] When a power conversion device such as PCS350 and / or the power bank 360 operates (i.e., charge / discharge starts), many errors in the amount of power judged by itself occur, which is one of the reasons for the low power measurement quality. The power meter can also more accurately monitor the output of the power conversion device.

[0085] Therefore, a wattmeter 355 located between PCS350 and the DC distribution board 359 for performing various measurements such as the amount of power and a wattmeter 365 located between the power bank 360 and the charger 369 for performing various measurements such as the amount of power can be installed and used. Eventually, it is possible to confirm the amount of power actually used, and it is also possible to measure the noise generated by the power conversion device.

[0086] By additionally utilizing the wattmeter 353 in front of PCS350 and the wattmeter 363 in front of the power bank 360 together with such two wattmeters 355 and 365, precise measurements such as more accurate efficiency measurement at the front / back stage of the power conversion device and judgment of power conversion device efficiency information can be performed.

[0087] Furthermore, a wattmeter 367 located between the charger 369 and the electric vehicle 390 for performing various measurements such as the amount of power and a wattmeter 357 located between the DC distribution board 359 and the VIB ESS379 for performing various measurements such as the amount of power can be further installed and used. When used together with the two aforementioned wattmeters 355 and 365, the output of the power conversion device can be compared with the power charged to the actual battery, and such comparison data is utilized for measuring the amount of power loss and the like.

[0088] On the other hand, when the battery management system (BMS) inside the VIB ESS379 fails or is abnormal, operations such as estimating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery and checking the battery voltage can also be performed through the wattmeter 355 between PCS350 and the DC distribution board 359.

[0089] Additionally, when there is a significant difference in the calculated value of the total power consumption meter, it is also possible to check for system errors or unauthorized use (such as power theft). For example, in the power consumption meter-based operation system of the present invention, when four power consumption meters 333, 355, 365, and 383 are used together, power consumption management for the entire grid is possible.

[0090] Figure 4(a) is a diagram showing the configuration and operation of a power consumption meter-based operation system for determining and managing the power flow of an entire system where an ESS is installed according to an additional embodiment of the present invention. By checking various measurement data of the power consumption meters in the aforementioned monitoring network, if it is determined that the power supply state is noisy or unstable, the power consumption meter-based operation system of the present invention can also be designed so that the grid can be separated.

[0091] For example, in the power flow of an entire system where an ESS is installed, if it is predicted that a large amount of power noise will occur in the load outside the ESS, a grid separation device or structure can be installed or provided between the ESS distribution board 340 and the load outside the ESS 380. At this time, the power consumption meter 383 installed on the side of the load outside the ESS 380 can be moved to a position in front of the grid separation device, or another power consumption meter 343 can be installed between the grid separation device and the ESS distribution board 340. Therefore, the source of noise can be traced in the entire system where an ESS is installed, and it can be separated or cut off from the system as needed.

[0092] Figure 4(b) is a diagram showing the configuration and operation of a power consumption meter-based operation system for determining and managing the power flow of an entire system where an ESS is installed according to an additional embodiment of the present invention. It is similar to Figure 4(a) described above, but the positions of the grid separation device and the additional power consumption meter are different. Rather, as a more fundamental separation or cutoff solution than Figure 4(a), a grid separation device is arranged between the substation 320 and the main distribution board 330.

[0093] Digital Twin technology may also be utilized for constructing the overall power meter base operation system 300 shown in FIGS. 3(a) to 4(b) above. Digital Twin technology is to embody real-world products, devices, machines, parts, etc. in the virtual world within a computer, and it is possible to grasp in advance and solve the problems that may occur through simulation (simulation test) before actually manufacturing the actual products, devices, etc. Using 3D design software programs such as computer-aided design (CAD) and being able to collect a huge amount of information through the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the accuracy of the Digital Twin has been improved. When Digital Twin technology is utilized, it is possible to monitor the states of devices, systems, etc. in the virtual world, predict and grasp the maintenance / repair timing, and improve it. In addition, it is also possible to predict various situations that may occur during system operation, verify safety, prevent emergencies, failures or accidents, and reduce accident risks. Therefore, Digital Twin technology can be appropriately utilized for the installation location, measurement items, specific functions, efficient operation, etc. of the power meters in the monitoring network of the present invention.

[0094] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration in which an energy storage device is arranged in a space according to an embodiment of the present invention and a power supply configuration with other electrical devices. FIG. 1 shows an energy storage system (ESS) 100 and other devices that supply power to a supportive power region 30 and a primary power region 40. The grid corresponding to the power source 10 can supply power to the supportive power region 30 and the primary power region 40. The energy storage device (ESS) 100 can be arranged in the supportive power region 30.

[0095] The power supply 10 supplies power to the corresponding space and includes an AC Grid as an example. The power supplied by the power supply 10 is distributed to two or more power regions 30 and 40 by a predetermined power distribution device 20.

[0096] As an example, the power distribution device 20 can supply power to the supportive power region 30 and the primary power region 40. The power distribution device 20 is a switchboard as an example. The primary power region 40 includes the region excluding the supportive power region 30 among the regions supplied with power from the power supply 10. The energy storage device according to an example of the present invention can supply power to the supportive power region 30 and the primary power region 40 and can be arranged in the supportive power region 30.

[0097] The energy storage device (ESS) 100 and one or more chargers 50a,..., 50n can be arranged in the supportive power region 30. A number of electrical devices 60a,..., 60n can be arranged in the primary power region 40. Also, a separate ESS different from the energy storage device 100 arranged in the supportive power region 30 can be arranged in the primary power region 40. That is, a separate ESS different from the energy storage device 100 can also be arranged as an electrical device (for example, 60m) in the primary power region 40.

[0098] In the example of FIG. 5, the power distribution device 20 can distribute power to the supportive power region 30 and the primary power region 40. A configuration without the power distribution device 20 can also be included in the examples of the present invention. In this case, the power supplied from the power supply 10 can be provided to the supportive power region 30 and the primary power region 40 by one power line. Also, the energy storage device 100 and the chargers 50a,..., 50n that are partially or entirely supplied with power from the corresponding energy storage device 100 can be arranged in the supportive power region 30.

[0099] An energy storage device (ESS) 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can supply power to a supportive power region 30 and a primary power region 40 within the maximum range of power supply supplied by a power source 10. The energy storage device 100 can be charged or discharged according to the electrical demand or predicted demand used in the two regions 30 and 40.

[0100] For this reason, a power measuring device 210 can be arranged connected to the supportive power region 30. Alternatively, the power measuring device 210 can be arranged within the supportive power region 30.

[0101] Also, a power measuring device 220 can be arranged connected to the primary power region 40. Alternatively, the power measuring device 220 can be arranged within the primary power region 40.

[0102] The power measuring devices 210 and 220 take an electricity quantity measuring device (electricity quantity meter) as an example, and measure the electricity quantity in use in the installed region. The power measuring devices 210 and 220 transmit the measured value (electricity quantity) to the energy storage device 100.

[0103] Also, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a separate power measuring device can also be arranged in the power source 10. In this case, the energy storage device 100 can confirm the magnitude of the power consumption of the power source 10 in real time.

[0104] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage device 100 can calculate the total electricity quantity consumed by the power source 10 by adding up the power consumption of the power measuring device 210 in the supportive power region 30 and the power consumption of the power measuring device 220 in the primary power region 40 branched from the power distribution device 20. This may vary depending on the implementation method, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0105] Further, the energy storage device 100 can include the power measuring device 210 in the supportive power region 30 described above as a component. And the energy storage device 100 can receive the power consumption of the primary power region 40 from the power measuring device 220 arranged in the primary power region 40 according to a pre-agreed communication protocol.

[0106] In this specification, the energy storage device includes an energy storage device including a vanadium ion battery (Vanadium Ion Battery), but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, in this specification, the energy storage device includes VRB (Vanadium Redox Battery), PSB (polysulfide bromide battery), ZBB (zinc-bromine battery), etc.

[0107] When applying the embodiment of FIG. 5, when the charger 50 charges an electric vehicle or another device that requires charging, charging can be executed according to the charging conditions required by the electric vehicle or other devices. For example, when high-current charging is requested, the charger 50 performs high-current charging. According to the control of the energy storage device 100, the power of the power supply 10 and the energy storage device 100 is provided to the charger 50.

[0108] The energy storage device 100 can be controlled so that only the power from the power supply 10 is supplied to the charger 50 according to the amount of power supplied by the power supply 10 and the amount of power used by the primary power region 40. Also, the energy storage device 100 can provide only the power of the energy storage device 100 to the charger 50 according to the amount of power supplied by the power supply 10 and the amount of power used by the primary power region 40. Or the energy storage device 100 can be configured such that the power of the energy storage device 100 is provided as a part of the power requested by the charger 50. As a result, the charger 50 can charge an electric vehicle or other devices with the power supplied from both the power supply 10 and the energy storage device 100.

[0109] The energy storage device 100 adjusts the amount of power provided to the charger 50 according to the power supply situation of the power source 10 or the power usage situation of the primary power region 40. Even when a change in the amount of power of the power source 10 occurs, the charger 50 can stably charge an electric vehicle or other devices. In particular, when the charger 50 performs high-current charging, the energy storage device 100 supplies power above a certain level to the charger 50 according to the power supply situation of the power source 10 or the power usage situation of the primary power region 40, enabling the charger 50 to stably perform high-current charging.

[0110] When the charger 50 performs low-current charging, the energy storage device 100 can enable the charger 50 to be charged by receiving power from the power source 10 according to the power supply situation of the power source 10 or the power usage situation of the primary power region 40.

[0111] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration in which a charger receives power supply from an energy storage device 100 and a power distribution device 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The charger 50 can receive power supply from the power distribution device 20 and the energy storage device 100. More specifically, the energy storage device 100 can receive information regarding the amount of power used by the charger 50 from the power measuring device 212. The energy storage device 100 can receive information regarding the amount of power used in the primary power region 40 from the power measuring device 220.

[0112] In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the charger 50 can receive power supply from the power distribution device 20 (P1). In one embodiment, this means receiving power supply from the grid, i.e., the power source 10. Then, the energy storage device 100 can compare the information regarding the amount of power received from the power measuring devices 210 and 220 with the maximum amount of power that can be provided from the corresponding power source 10 and assist in supplying part or all of the amount of power used by the charger 50.

[0113] The energy storage device 100 can supply power to the charger 50 (P2). The charger 50 can switch or merge the power supplied according to the control of the energy storage device 100. The charger 50 can supply power according to the charging request of an external device (P5).

[0114] The energy storage device 100 can receive power supply from the power distribution device 20 (P3). And the energy storage device 100 can supply power to the primary power area 40 (P4). The power supplied by the energy storage device 100 can be supplied to the primary power area 40 via the power distribution device 20. That is, the power supply direction between the energy storage device 100 and the power distribution device 20 can be bidirectional.

[0115] The power supply (P4) of the energy storage device 100 can be determined by the power demand of the primary power area 40, the maximum amount of power that the power source 10 can supply, etc. Therefore, when the amount of power of the grid 10 measured by the power meter 220 is below a preset standard, the energy storage device 100 can perform high-current discharging so that the charger 50 performs high-current charging. The energy storage device 100 continuously monitors the amount of power of the grid 10 during the process of performing high-current discharging so that the charger 50 performs high-current charging.

[0116] As a result, when the power consumption of the grid 10 increases, the energy storage device 100 can interrupt the high-current discharging to the charger 50. Or the energy storage device 100 can perform high-current discharging to support the high-current charging of the charger 50 according to its own energy storage situation.

[0117] When the energy storage device 100 supports the fast charging and discharging functions of the charger 50, the energy storage device 100 can monitor the power amount of the grid 10 and respond flexibly to the power situation of the grid 10. In particular, the energy storage device 100 can accumulate and store information on the past power usage time of the grid 10 to predict the time period when the power usage amount of the grid 10 is low. As a result, the energy storage device 100 can be prepared for the case where the power usage of the grid 10 increases rapidly during the fast charging and discharging processes of the charger 50.

[0118] Also, when fast charging of the energy storage device 100 is required, the above-described process can be applied. That is, the energy storage device 100 can be supplied with the power of the grid 10 to proceed with the fast charging of the energy storage device 100. Even during this process, the power amount of the grid 10 can be monitored as described above to respond flexibly to the power situation of the grid 10.

[0119] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of an ESS according to an embodiment of the present invention. The energy storage device 100 includes an energy storage module 110 including a battery and a controller 150.

[0120] The controller 150 can determine the charging or discharging of the energy storage module by using the power amount measurement results of the supportive power region and the power amount measurement results of the primary power region. Also, the controller 150 can determine the feasibility of discharging to any one or more of one or more chargers arranged in the supportive power region or the primary power region.

[0121] The energy storage device 100 includes a Pack BMS 120 that manages the charging and discharging of the energy storage module 110. Further, the energy storage device 100 can selectively include a PMS (Power Management System) 130 and a PCS (Power Conversion System) 140. When the energy storage device 100 includes both the PMS 130 and the PCS 140, it can be referred to as an integrated ESS.

[0122] Alternatively, depending on the configuration of the energy storage device 100, the PMS 130 and the PCS 140 can be physically separated from the energy storage device 100 and configured as separate devices. The PMS 130 and the PCS 140 can be operated independently as separate devices and can exchange information through communication with the energy storage device 100 to control the operation of the energy storage device 100.

[0123] The energy storage module 110 of the energy storage device 100 can be composed of one or more battery modules and a module BMS (Module BMS) that manages the corresponding battery modules as shown in the figure. One example of the energy storage module 110 includes a battery module - module BMS as one set and a battery pack composed of one or more sets.

[0124] The battery of the energy storage module 110 can be charged with electricity via the PCS 140. The PCS 140 can be supplied with electricity and store it in the battery, or release electricity to the grid. In this process, the PCS 140 can perform AC / DC conversion or convert the voltage, frequency, etc. of the inflowing / discharging electricity.

[0125] The PMS 130 can exchange information with the PCS 140 using communication and provide the PCS 140 with information necessary for battery charging, discharging, or control. The module BMS monitors the state of charge, discharge state, temperature, voltage, current, etc. of the corresponding battery and manages the battery. The pack BMS120 is a battery management system for the entire battery pack.

[0126] The controller 150 can use the power measurement results in the supportive power region and the power measurement results in the primary power region to determine the charging or discharging of the energy storage module 110, or determine the feasibility of charging one or more chargers arranged in the supportive power region or discharging to the primary power region. Also, according to one embodiment, the controller 150 can be integrated with the PMS130 and operate as one component.

[0127] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the controller 150 can be an independent component. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the controller 150 can be implemented within the PMS130, and the PMS130 can provide the functions of the controller described in this specification.

[0128] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the process by which a controller controls the ESS according to the amount of power in the grid according to one embodiment of the present invention. The controller 150 can store the maximum power amount (Grid_Max) of the grid, that is, the power source 10, which supplies power to the primary power region and the supportive power region (S301). The maximum power amount (Grid_Max) means the maximum power amount that can be used in the grid. This means that the power source 10 described above can provide information regarding the maximum power amount to the controller 150. Or the maximum power amount of the power source 10 can be input into the controller 150 in advance. The maximum power amount can increase or decrease according to the future power supply situation, and the controller 150 can update the information regarding the input maximum power amount accordingly.

[0129] After that, the power meter 220 measures the power consumption (Primary_Usage) in the primary power region 40 (S302). In one embodiment, this measures the power consumption (load consumption) that occurs in a region other than the supportive power region 30 where the energy storage device 100 is disposed. The energy storage device 100 can receive the power consumption (Primary_Usage) in the primary power region 40 from the power meter 220 disposed in the primary power region 40 according to a pre-agreed communication protocol.

[0130] Also, according to another embodiment of the present invention, at step S302, the energy storage device 100 or the controller 150 can receive the total grid power consumption and the power consumption in the primary power region. For example, a separate power meter can be disposed between the power supply 10 and the power distribution device 20 in FIG. 1 described above. The controller 150 can receive information regarding the total grid power consumption from the power meter disposed between the power supply 10 and the power distribution device 20 and monitor the power usage status of the grid.

[0131] Next, the controller 150 determines whether the charger 50 disposed in the supportive power region 30 is in use (S303). If there are multiple chargers 50, the controller 150 can determine the usage status of each. If the charger 50 is not in use, the controller 150 executes step S307. The controller 150 compares the amount of power (S307), compares Grid_Max and Primary_Usage, and if Grid_Max is greater than or equal to Primary_Usage, the controller 150 determines the ESS charge amount and proceeds with the charging (S311).

[0132] Then, the controller 150 measures the SOC (State of Charge) of the ESS (S312), and if it is equal to or greater than the SOC reference value, the charging ends. On the other hand, the SOC of the energy storage device 100 is measured (S312), and if it is less than the SOC reference value, the process from S302 and later can be repeated to control the charging of the ESS.

[0133] On the one hand, when Grid_Max is less than Primary_Usage in S307, the controller 150 determines the discharge power amount of the energy storage device 100 and controls the energy storage device 100 to discharge to the primary power region 40 (S313). As a result, the excess grid power is supplemented by the discharge of the energy storage device 100.

[0134] When the charger is in use in S303, the controller 150 measures the charger required power amount (Charging_Request) (S304). At this time, it is assumed that the SOC of the ESS is equal to or higher than the reference value. Then the controller 150 compares the power amounts (S305), and compares Charging_Request plus Primary_Usage (Charging_Request + Primary_Usage) with Grid_Max.

[0135] When the comparison result shows that Grid_Max is less than (Primary_Usage + Charging_Request), the controller 150 determines the discharge power amount of the energy storage device 100 and controls the energy storage device 100 to discharge to the primary power region 40 (S313). As a result, the excess grid power is supplemented by the discharge of the energy storage device 100.

[0136] Also, when the comparison result of S305 shows that Grid_Max is equal to or higher than (Primary_Usage + Charging_Request), the controller 150 checks whether the difference (the excess grid power amount, see the following formula 1) is equal to or higher than the grid excess reference value (S306).

[0137] [Formula 1] Excess grid power amount = Grid_Max - (Primary_Usage + Charging_Request) When the surplus power amount of the grid is equal to or greater than the grid surplus reference value, since the power amount is sufficient, the controller 150 determines the charging power amount of the energy storage device 100 and controls the energy storage device 100 to charge (S314). This means that the energy storage device 100 is charged with a sufficient grid power amount with sufficient margin.

[0138] On the other hand, when the surplus power amount of the grid is less than the grid surplus reference value, since there is a high possibility that the grid power amount will not be able to satisfy the power demands of the supportive power region 30 and the primary power region 40 in the future, the controller 150 shifts the energy storage device 100 to the discharge standby mode (S315).

[0139] At the stage of charging the ESS in FIG. 8 (S311, S314), the controller 150 can execute the high current charging process of the battery. Then, continuously, when the controller 150 receives the power amount measurement result of the primary power region and the surplus power of the grid decreases, the battery can be charged with low current or shifted to the discharge standby mode as in S315. Of course, even in the discharge standby mode, the controller 150 can monitor the overall grid power situation and the SOC of the battery to determine whether the battery can be charged with low power or high current.

[0140] FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the arrangement and operation of an ESS and a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 shows a configuration in which a vanadium ion battery (VIB) ESS 100a, which is an embodiment of an ESS, is arranged. The power supply process is in the order of a power source 10 which is a grid, a substation 5, a power meter 205, and a power distribution device 20a which is a main distribution board in one embodiment. Electricity is supplied from the power distribution device 20a to the VIB ESS 100a, a charger 50, and an external load of the ESS. A power meter 205 is arranged on the grid main power line, and power meters 211, 212, and 220 can also be arranged for each line in each area 30a, 40a. Information regarding the power consumption of each area and the whole is transmitted to the VIB ESS 100a.

[0141] The above-described supportive power area 30a and primary power area 40a are partitioned. The amount of power used branched from the power distribution device 20a can be measured by each of the power meters 211, 212, 220. And a controller arranged in the VIB ESS 100a can receive the power consumption information measured by each power meter. At this time, the VIB ESS 100a can include a PMS, and in this case, the PMS can provide the function of the controller.

[0142] As confirmed in FIG. 8 above, the VIB ESS 100a stores information regarding the maximum amount of power available for use in the grid (Grid_Max). Also, the VIB ESS 100a can receive information regarding the amount of power supplied to the external load of the ESS (for example, the amount of power being used in 40a) from the power meter 220 arranged in 40a. Also, as an embodiment of the present invention, the VIB ESS 100a can receive the total power consumption of the grid (Grid_Usage) from the power meter 205.

[0143] The reception mode can be either periodic reception or real-time reception. In the case of periodic reception, the corresponding period can be changed according to the change in the amount of power used in the primary power region 40a. For example, the controller 150 can set the reception period in 5-minute units at night when there is little change in the amount of power, and set the reception period in 1-minute units during the day when there is a large change in the amount of power.

[0144] VIB ESS100a can control the charging or discharging of VIB ESS100a so that the power usage of the grid is optimized according to the amount of power used in the primary power region 40a.

[0145] The drive modes of VIB ESS100a include a charging mode, a discharging mode, and a standby mode. In the charging mode, VIB ESS100a determines the ESS charge amount and proceeds with charging according to the SOC reference value of the ESS, and then ends the charging mode.

[0146] In the discharging mode, VIB ESS100a receives the required power amount information (Charging_Request) of the charger 50 from the power meter 212. Then, it compares the sum of the power amount (Primary_Usage) received from the power meter 220 in the primary power region 40a and the required power amount information (Charging_Request) of the charger 50 with Grid_Max to determine whether discharging is possible. The judgment process for this is as confirmed in FIG. 7 described above.

[0147] Also, when Primary_Usage is equal to or greater than Grid_Max or when the power of the grid is cut off, VIB ESS100a can discharge the amount of power charged to the primary power region 40a. For example, when VIB ESS100a discharges to the power distribution device 20a like P10, the power distribution device 20a can supply this power to the primary power region 40a.

[0148] Also, VIB ESS100a can also assist all or part of the amount of power output from the charger 50 (P11). For example, when the value obtained by subtracting the power consumption amount in the primary power region 40a from the grid maximum power amount (available power amount) is smaller than the amount of power output from the charger 50 (a shortage of the charger charging power amount occurs), VIB ESS100a can assist the shortage amount or an amount of power greater than the shortage amount.

[0149] In the discharge mode, VIB ESS100a can receive the total grid power consumption amount from the power meter 205. For example, VIB ESS100a receives the required power amount information (Charging_Request) of the charger 50 from the power meter 212. And it receives information regarding the total grid power consumption amount (Grid_Usage) from the power meter 205. Then, it compares the sum of the total grid power consumption amount (Grid_Usage) and the required power amount information (Charging_Request) of the charger 50 with Grid_Max to determine whether discharging is possible. The judgment process for this is as confirmed in FIG. 7 described above.

[0150] Also, when Grid_Usage is equal to Grid_Max or exceeds this and the grid power is cut off, VIB ESS100a can discharge the amount of power charged to the primary power region 40a. For example, when VIB ESS100a discharges to the power distribution device 20a as in P10, the power distribution device 20a can supply this power to the primary power region 40a.

[0151] Also, VIB ESS100a can also assist all or part of the amount of power output from the charger 50 (P11). For example, when the value obtained by subtracting the total grid power consumption amount (Grid_Usage) from the grid maximum power amount (available power amount) is smaller than the amount of power output from the charger 50 (a shortage of the charger charging power amount occurs), VIB ESS100a can assist the shortage amount or an amount of power greater than the shortage amount.

[0152] In the embodiment of FIG. 9, VIB ESS100a can maintain the standby mode. If the SOC of VIB ESS100a is equal to or higher than the reference value, the power consumption in the grid can be monitored without a separate charging process. On the other hand, if the SOC of VIB ESS100a is less than the reference value, the charging amount can be determined according to the current power amount state of the grid and charging can proceed. Of course, when the SOC is equal to or higher than the reference value in the standby mode, when the power amount in the grid increases, VIB ESS100a can supply power to the primary power region 40a (P10) or supply power to the charger 50 (P11).

[0153] When applying the embodiment of FIG. 9, VIB ESS100a can optimize the power amount of the grid according to the power usage situation in the grid. For example, VIB ESS100a can assist the power amount to minimize the loss caused by the over-power peak power and suppress the grid overload.

[0154] In a certain situation, since VIB ESS100a supplies power to the primary power region 40a and the charger 50 together with the grid, a stable power supply is possible. In addition, VIB ESS100a can receive the measured value of the power consumption for each component, calculate the power lost, and assist the power supply of the grid. For example, if the grid output is detected as 100 and the charger side output is detected as 95, VIB ESS100a can assist by 5.

[0155] This embodiment can be efficiently realized in the case of VIB ESS100a. For example, in the case of a battery that affects heat generation and battery life at high output, there are limitations in assisting the grid. On the other hand, in the case of VIB, stable high output is possible. Also, different from the ESS composed of batteries that may have limitations in charging and discharging, VIB ESS100a can control the input / output flow at high output, and when a power outage occurs in the grid, it can assist both the grid and the charger at high output. In particular, even in the case of an instantaneous power outage or power cut-off, high output is possible so that the system power is stably supplied.

[0156] Also, in the case of the VIB ESS100a, when the power consumption in the grid is low (when there is surplus power), it can be charged at a high C-Rate (Current Rate), and the efficiency of grid power usage can be improved.

[0157] Therefore, after receiving the power amount measurement result in the primary power region, the controller 150 of the VIB ESS100a can determine either a high-current charging or a low-current charging method for the battery. When the power amount in the primary power region is below a certain standard (for example, 80% or less) compared to the overall grid usage, the VIB ESS100a can be quickly charged through high-current charging.

[0158] Conversely, when the power amount in the primary power region exceeds a certain standard (for example, more than 80%) compared to the overall grid usage, the VIB ESS100a is continuously charged through low-current charging to reduce the overall grid load, so that the grid power can be assisted using the power charged in the future.

[0159] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the arrangement and operation of an ESS and a charger according to another embodiment of the present invention. Different from the configuration of FIG. 9, this is an embodiment in which a power distribution device 20a having the function of a main distribution board and a power distribution device 20b having the function of an ESS distribution board are separated. Also, it is a configuration in which a power distribution device 20c having the function of a DC distribution board (container) for supplying power to the VIB ESS100b is separately arranged.

[0160] The power distribution device 20c can be configured to be divided into one or more, and the present invention is not limited to a specific configuration method of the power distribution device. The power distribution device 20c can be selectively arranged according to the configuration and arrangement of the VIB ESS100b, etc.

[0161] Figure 10 separately shows PMS130b and PCS140b, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and PMS130b and PCS140b can also be configured within VIB ESS100b. PMS130b can be integrated with the aforementioned controller 150 to control driving modes such as charging or discharging of VIB ESS100b.

[0162] Also, the power bank 51 can also be a component of the charger 50 according to the implementation manner of the invention, or can be an independent component from the charger 50. In the configuration of FIG. 9, VIB ESS100b can assist the power of the entire grid. VIB ESS100b stores information regarding the maximum power output of the power grid. And VIB ESS100b can receive the total grid power consumption from the power meter 205. Or VIB ESS100b can receive the measured value of the ESS external load usage to determine the available grid power. VIB ESS100b can receive information regarding the total grid power consumption or receive the measured value of the ESS external load usage to control the charging or discharging of VIB ESS100b.

[0163] The ESS external load refers to the load for power usage other than VIB ESS100b and the charger 50, and means the load within the primary power area 40b such as power usage in a building, at home, in a server, or in a subway.

[0164] Information regarding the maximum grid power can be input into VIB ESS100b in advance, and when the maximum grid power is changed, VIB ESS100b stores the changed value. The input value can be stored within ESS100b and maintained for a certain period. VIB ESS100b can store the maximum grid power (Grid_Max) information in a format such as 380V AC / 150KW.

[0165] When applying the embodiment of FIG. 10, a grid such as power supply 10 supplies power to an energy storage device 100b, a charger 50, and other loads (loads other than the ESS) excluding the energy storage device and the charger. Further, the energy storage device 100b can include one or more power measuring devices 205, 211, 212, 220 that measure the power amounts of the grid, the energy storage device 100b, the charger 50, and other loads (loads other than the ESS).

[0166] Then, the controller of the energy storage device 100b can determine charging or discharging of the energy storage module or determine power supply to the charger or other loads by using any one or more of the power amounts of the grid or other loads measured by the power measuring devices 205, 211, 212, 220.

[0167] In the case of an embodiment where the power amount of the grid can be confirmed by the power amount of other loads (loads other than the ESS), the energy storage device 100b can determine charging or discharging of the energy storage module or determine power supply to the charger or other loads by using the value measured by the power measuring device 220 arranged in the load other than the ESS.

[0168] On the other hand, when it is not possible to confirm the power amount of the grid by the power amount of other loads or when it is necessary to confirm the power amount of the grid in real time without error, the energy storage device 100b can determine charging or discharging of the energy storage module or determine power supply to the charger or other loads by using the value measured by the power measuring device 205 arranged in the power supply 10.

[0169] When applying the embodiment of the present invention, ESS charging can proceed when the power supply of the grid is stable. On the contrary, when the power supply of the grid is not stable, the ESS can supply power to the primary power region 40b or the supportive power region 30b.

[0170] An energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an energy storage module including a battery, one or more power measuring devices that measure any one or more of the amounts of power of a grid, the energy storage device, a charger, and other loads, and a controller that determines charging or discharging of the energy storage module or determines power supply to the charger or other loads using any one or more of the amounts of power of the grid or other loads measured by the power measuring device.

[0171] A method for controlling an energy storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a step in which a controller of the energy storage device receives information on the maximum amount of power that can be output by the grid, a step in which a power measuring device of the energy storage device measures any one or more of the amounts of power of the grid, the energy storage device, a charger, and other loads, and a step in which the controller determines charging or discharging of the energy storage module of the energy storage device or determines power supply to the charger or other loads using any one or more of the amounts of power of the grid or other loads measured by the power measuring device.

[0172] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a process in which an ESS operates in response to an increase in power use in a grid according to an embodiment of the present invention. The controller 150 can calculate an expected amount of power use in the primary power region and determine a discharge standby mode for discharging to any one or more of the primary power region or the charger.

[0173] The controller 150 stores the maximum amount of power available in the grid (Grid_Max) (S321). This can be provided to the controller 150 by the power supply 10 regarding information on the maximum amount of power as described above. Alternatively, the maximum amount of power of the power supply 10 can be input to the controller 150 in advance.

[0174] Thereafter, the power meter 220 measures the power consumption (Primary_Usage) in the primary power region, and the controller 150 calculates the predicted usage within N hours (S322). The controller 150 can cumulatively store the power consumption (Primary_Usage) information in the primary power region. The controller 150 monitors the power consumption (Primary_Usage) in the primary power region in real time and calculates the predicted usage within N hours when the power consumption increases.

[0175] At this time, the controller 150 can calculate the predicted usage by reflecting seasonal factors. As an example, the controller 150 can calculate the predicted usage based on information regarding time periods when there is a high likelihood of using an air conditioner in the corresponding space (such as a building, a house, etc.) (for example, from 2 PM to 4 PM).

[0176] As a result, the controller 150 can determine whether the current power consumption (Primary_Usage) in the primary power region belongs to a stable range or is below the reference value, but whether the predicted usage within N hours exceeds the stable range or exceeds the reference value (S323). In this case, the controller 150 proceeds to a standby mode where it can assist the power consumption (Primary_Usage) in the primary power region in preparation for an increase in power consumption.

[0177] The controller 150 checks whether the charger 50 is in use (S324). If the charger 50 is in use, it can be controlled to charge only with grid power (S325). This is to save the power charged in the energy storage device 100 so as to assist the power usage in the primary power region.

[0178] Also, if the charger 50 is not in use, or if the charger 50 charges only with grid power, the controller 150 measures the SOC of the energy storage device 100 (S326). If the measured SOC of the energy storage device 100 is below the reference value (S327), the energy storage device 100 is charged (S328).

[0179] When applying the process of FIG. 11, the energy storage device 100 can assist in power when the power usage (Primary_Usage) in the primary power region increases.

[0180] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an ESS configuration according to another embodiment of the present invention. The power supplied from the outside is applied to the battery pack 110d via the ground fault device (GFD) 127d and the switch gear 125d. As a detailed configuration of the switch gear 125d, an example is a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) 121d and a pack BMS 120d.

[0181] The pack BMS 120d can execute control 128d and sensing 129d, can control an LED and a relay, and can sense current and voltage.

[0182] In FIG. 12, the switch gear 125d and the PMS 130d can constitute a controller 150. When applying the above-described embodiments, the power supply network includes two or more power supply sources including a power grid and at least one energy storage system (energy storage device).

[0183] The energy storage system (ESS) 100 receives a power charging request from a power charger 50 that is used to charge an object including a rechargeable battery. The energy storage system 100 compares the sum of the charger power requirement (Charging Request) 50 and the power amount (Primary_Usage) defined for main use with the maximum power amount (Grid_Max) available from the power grid.

[0184] When the maximum available power from the power grid (Grid_Max) is less than or equal to the sum value, the energy storage system 100 executes the first procedure; otherwise, the energy storage system 100 can execute the second procedure.

[0185] Then, the energy storage system 100 selectively executes the first procedure or the second procedure to supply power to the charger from the power grid alone, or from the energy storage system 100 alone, or from both the power grid and the energy storage system.

[0186] The power amount defined for the main use (Primary_Usage) is related to the power used in the primary power area 40 of the power grid. That is, it includes the load of the building, etc.

[0187] In one embodiment, the first procedure is that the energy storage system 100 determines the discharge power amount of the energy storage system and executes the discharge to assist the excess power over the maximum available power from the power grid (Grid_Max).

[0188] In one embodiment, the second procedure is that when the surplus power amount of the power grid is equal to or greater than the reference value, the energy storage system 100 determines the charge power amount of the energy storage system and executes the charge so that the surplus power of the power grid is used for charging; when the surplus power amount of the power grid is less than the reference value, the energy storage system 100 shifts to the discharge standby mode.

[0189] The charger 50 supplies power to the electric vehicle to charge the battery mounted on the electric vehicle. According to the various power supply situations described above, the charger 50 can receive power supply from the grid (power source) 10, or from the ESS 100. Or the charger 50 can receive power supply from both.

[0190] In some cases, the charging fee for the power provided by whether the charger 50 is supplied with power from the power source 10 or from the charger 50 may be different. For example, the charging unit price per kwh when the charger 50 receives power supply from the power source 10 to charge an electric vehicle may be different from the charging unit price per kwh when the charger 50 receives power supply from the charger 50 to charge an electric vehicle. In addition to this, the charging unit price may vary depending on the charging time, and may also vary depending on the charging speed such as fast charging / slow charging.

[0191] Thereby, the charger 50 can change the charging system according to the source of the power input for charging, the charging speed, the charging method, the charging time, etc., and provide a charging and charging interface that can be easily confirmed by the user.

[0192] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a charger according to an embodiment of the present invention. The charger control unit 550 controls the operation of the charger 50 and controls various components 510, 520, 530, 540 that make up the charger 50.

[0193] The interface unit 510 provides an interface so that the user can input or confirm information during the process of charging various devices such as electric vehicles and electric bicycles from the charger 50. The interface unit 510 can be composed of a touch screen and buttons, etc.

[0194] The communication unit 520 transmits and receives information with an external device. The communication unit 520 can receive information such as the current available power status from the ESS 100 or the PMS 130, and information about whether the input power is input from the grid or the ESS. In addition, the communication unit 520 can transmit information related to the current charging status of the charger 50 to the ESS 100 or the PMS 130, etc. Or the communication unit 520 can transmit information related to the current charging status to other chargers.

[0195] The charging unit 530 charges other devices (such as electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electronic products, etc.). The power supply unit 540 receives power supply from the outside and provides it to the charging unit 530. The charger control unit 550 outputs to the interface unit 510 the amount, time, options, etc. related to charging according to the source of the power received by the power supply unit 540. The charger control unit 550 can control the charging unit 530 according to the source of the power received by the power supply unit 540, the charging options set in the interface unit 510, etc.

[0196] In summary, the power supply unit 540 receives power supply from one or more supply sources of either the grid or the energy storage device. And the interface unit 510 provides an interface that can select either a charging amount method or a charging time method, and an interface for setting the charging amount or charging time according to the selected method.

[0197] The charger control unit 550 determines the charging unit of the charging amount or charging time according to the type of the supply source. The charging unit 530 proceeds with charging according to the time or amount selected by the interface unit 510.

[0198] By utilizing some or all of the features of the present invention, it is possible to analyze the history of the power used during the charging process of the user at the ESS or the electric vehicle charging station and charge only for the actually charged power, and it can be applied to a battery charging management system that can confirm the power usage status analysis and power loss. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the battery charging management system as described above can include means for grasping the usage or consumption content of the power sent from the ESS and analyzing information related to energy usage and loss. Such power usage information analysis means can not only solve problems caused by abnormalities in the power sent from the ESS, but also problems caused by the difference between the actually used power and the sent power.

[0199] In order to perform various controls to supply power from the power grid to the ESS battery in the ESS operation system, various measurements, confirmations, supervision and / or monitoring of the inside of the battery, the outside of the battery, the surrounding environment and the entire system must be performed at each stage (level). According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring level may include four levels. Each level is connected by a network communication line and has a function of transmitting and receiving signals to each other and issuing or executing commands.

[0200] FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the operational status management range when the monitoring levels are configured from level 1 to level 4, as an example in which some or all of the features of the present invention are applied to an ESS security management system.

[0201] According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, the monitoring levels may include one or more of level 1 including a BMS directly connected to a battery, level 2 including level 1 and including a master BMS that collectively connects the BMSs of level 1, level 3 including level 2 and including a power management system (PMS) that controls one or more of heating and cooling, loads, and the grid, and level 4 including level 3 and including a top-level energy management system (EMS) that controls one or more of ESSs and power systems in various regions. When such monitoring levels are configured in four stages, the multiple levels can be specifically configured as follows.

[0202] Level 1 is a BMS that is attached directly to the battery, commonly called a Slave BMS, Node BMS, or Module BMS; Level 2 is a composite BMS that combines Level 1 BMSs, commonly called a Master BMS; Level 3 is a PMS that controls heating and cooling, loads, the grid, etc.; and Level 4 can refer to the highest-level EMS that controls ESSs, power systems, etc. in various regions.

[0203] The level 1, as the n.BMS (node Battery Management System), can measure the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery and compare them with the recorded values. Also, it can only execute externally predefined commands (such as the feasibility of balancing operations or external device control execution), and for communication, it can only send the measured values and its own operating status to level 2. If an internal error occurs, after outputting an error message, it can proceed to the emergency mode. At this time, the emergency mode can include operations such as node - to - node switch cutoff, balancing cutoff, and cooling fan operation. Additionally, in an emergency situation, it can forcibly activate the balancing circuit to reduce the charge level of the battery.

[0204] The level 2, as the m.BMS (master Battery Management System), can determine the feasibility of balancing based on the battery data transmitted from level 1 and send a command signal to level 1. Also, it can accumulate and record the overall voltage, current, and temperature and transmit this to the PMS at level 3. Such a level 2 can only execute externally predefined commands (such as the feasibility of executing balancing operations) and can maintain security by ignoring other commands. Also, when a significant difference occurs between the battery data transmitted from level 1 and its own data (current, voltage, temperature), it can send an error signal. If an internal error occurs, after outputting an error message, it proceeds to the emergency mode. At this time, the emergency mode can include operations such as node - to - node switch cutoff, balancing cutoff, and cooling fan operation. Additionally, in an emergency situation, it can command level 1 to forcibly execute a balancing operation and can perform SoC adjustment.

[0205] Level 3, as the PMS, can execute a charge and discharge strategy based on the data transmitted from Level 2 and the data it measures itself, can estimate the SoC of the battery and record it. Also, it can determine the operability of electrical loads and the air conditioner (A / C), etc. Then, it can adjust the charge and discharge current according to a predetermined algorithm and transmit this to Level 4. Such Level 3 can only execute predetermined commands from the outside, ignore other commands, and maintain security. If there is a difference between the data it measures itself and the current, voltage, temperature, etc. transmitted from Level 2, it can send an error signal. Also, when an internal error occurs, it proceeds to the emergency mode after outputting an error message. Here, the emergency mode can include one or more of node - to - node switch cutoff, balancing cutoff, cooling fan operation, charge and discharge operation stop, electrical load use stop, and emergency safety switch operation. Also, it can execute an operation to forcibly return the current to the grid to lower the SoC in case of an emergency.

[0206] Level 4, as the EMS, can monitor the data transmitted from Level 3 and the power status of the power plant to control the situation, and can transmit information such as the expected usage to the power plant. Also, it can communicate the current charge status, etc. to judge the power situation, and can transmit the predicted temperature / usage data considering weather information, etc. to the PMS. And when it is ordered a usage limit from the power plant, it can transmit this to the PMS. If there is a significant difference between the data it measures itself and the current, voltage, temperature, power usage, etc. transmitted from Level 3, it can send an emergency signal. Also, it can detect an external intrusion and send an emergency signal. In particular, it can be equipped with a system to monitor physical intrusion or security threats through communication. Therefore, if an internal abnormality is detected, it can report the abnormality to the customer or the administrator. In addition, when an abnormality occurs in the system due to natural disasters, accidents, etc., it can be equipped with additional complementary means to detect this.

[0207] In a battery charging management system for an ESS that utilizes such a four - level system, a power usage information collection unit that collects power usage information related to the actual charging power and other powers (for example, power for heaters, BMS balancing power, V2L power, external outflow loss power, etc.), an information analysis unit that classifies or analyzes the information collected by the power usage information collection unit, and battery charging management can be executed including a charging execution unit that executes charging stop or charging state control based on such analysis results.

[0208] In addition, part or all of the features of the present invention can be utilized and applied to an electric energy supply method and its system. More specifically, it relates to an electric energy supply method for efficiently supplying power to an electric energy storage or electric energy consumption area including an energy storage device (ESS) through a grid that receives electric supply from a power supply source, and an electric energy supply device and supply system that utilize this.

[0209] Also, when supplying power from the grid and the ESS, information regarding power consumption amount, remaining power amount, etc. can be collected and evaluated to efficiently control and manage the charging and discharging of the ESS and the supply of electric energy from the grid. As a result, the power amount of the grid can be optimized, losses due to over - power and peak power can be optimized and minimized, and grid overload can be suppressed. In addition, the complementary relationship between the grid and the ESS can be maintained, and high output is possible even when the total supply power amount of the grid is insufficient or in the case of momentary power outages or power cut - off phenomena, so there is an advantage that stable supply and demand of grid power is possible.

[0210] FIG. 15 exemplarily shows a system that supplies power from the grid to the ESS and the power consumption area, controls information regarding the available power obtained by the PMS of the ESS and the power supply to the power consumption area, and executes electric energy supply including ESS charge - discharge management.

[0211] An electrical energy supply system can be provided that includes an ESS that receives power supply through a grid and performs charge and discharge, a charger that receives power supply from one or more power sources of the ESS or the grid, and auxiliary equipment to which power of an external load of the ESS is supplied, and includes a step of storing the maximum power outputtable by the grid; a step of measuring or receiving the power consumption amount of the external load of the ESS of the auxiliary equipment; a step of measuring the power consumption amount of the grid; and a step of controlling the charge or discharge of the ESS based on the power information collected in each of the above steps.

[0212] Also, in the energy storage device electrically connected to a grid that supplies power to an energy storage device, a charger, and other loads excluding the energy storage device and the charger, an energy storage module including a battery; one or more power measuring devices that measure one or more of the power amounts of the grid, the energy storage device, the charger, and the other loads; and a controller that determines the charge or discharge of the energy storage module using one or more of the power amounts of the grid or the other loads measured by the power measuring device, or determines to supply power to the charger or the other loads, can realize an energy storage device.

[0213] According to the electrical energy supply method and supply system exemplified in the various embodiments as described above, it is possible to provide highly efficient energy supply and stable power supply in the supply and management of electrical energy, and it is also possible to effectively respond to stable power supply to power consumption units such as chargers and auxiliary equipment in the power consumption area by utilizing the ESS even during power outages and power cuts. Such an operational effect can be said to be a completely new electrical supply process that cannot be predicted or speculated in existing electrical energy supply systems.

[0214] Thus, the present invention exhibits diverse and excellent effects compared to the prior art. For example, as a typical effect, the present invention can reduce the load of grid power by receiving and supplying the power consumption of the load, and when there is surplus power, it can be charged at a high C-Rate, and the efficiency can be significantly improved. In addition, the present invention can output high power even in the case of momentary power outages and power cut-off phenomena, so that the grid power can be stably maintained, and there is an advantage that it is possible to determine whether there is a failure in the entire system equipped with the ESS. Therefore, according to the present invention, the power amount of the grid can be optimized, the losses due to over-power or peak power can be optimized and minimized, and the grid overload can be suppressed.

[0215] In addition, since the power of the grid and the ESS are supplied to the load together, stable power supply is possible, and since the power consumption of each component can be measured, the lost power can be assisted. For example, when the grid output is detected as 100 and the charger-side output is detected as 95, the ESS can assist by 5, and power management can be performed very efficiently. In particular, when a vanadium ion battery (VIB) is used for the ESS in the present invention, there are even more excellent effects.

[0216] For example, in the case of a LIB, heat generation and battery life are affected during high power output, but in the case of a vanadium ion battery (VIB), stable high power output is possible. Also, in the case of a LIB, there are limitations such as 1C charge and 1C discharge, but a vanadium ion battery (VIB) can control the input / output current flow at high power. For example, when a grid power outage occurs, an ESS using a vanadium ion battery (VIB) can assist both the grid and the charger at high power. Therefore, especially in the case of an ESS applying a vanadium ion battery (VIB), the ESS charge / discharge management can be very efficiently performed. In particular, in the case of a vanadium ion battery (VIB), there is no risk of expansion or fire due to overload. When such a vanadium ion battery (VIB) is applied to the ESS of the present invention, it can be said that the electric energy supply system of the present invention is a very effective power supply system in that it can be preferably applied while ensuring safety with various auxiliary facilities. Also, since the present invention enables safe and efficient energy supply, it can be utilized as a very effective, safe and environmentally friendly energy supply means in achieving energy conservation, energy environment, carbon neutrality, etc.

[0217] Additionally, it is also possible to execute High C-Rate output and cell balancing control according to the output by utilizing some or all of the features of the present invention.

[0218] FIG. 16 is a conceptual diagram showing cases <1>, <2>, and <3> that exemplarily show various cell deviations with respect to cells of an ESS internal battery when the charge / discharge of the ESS is performed at a high C-rate for a specific load.

[0219] The inventors recognized the problems of the probability of cell deviation occurrence and the increase in deviation voltage during high C-rate charge / discharge. As a solution, the balancing current amount can be adjusted by pulse width modulation (PWM), and it can be controlled in such a way as maximum current amount balancing at high C-rate and minimum current amount balancing at low C-rate.

[0220] As a result, in order to control the balancing current in a fluid manner, it is possible to maintain a stable high C-rate. For example, when there are many cells with cell deviations, PWM control can also be executed so that more balancing is performed on a specific cell.

[0221] Specific balancing methods can be applied in various ways without limitation, and it is fundamentally important to adjust the balancing current in a fluid manner. Also, after minimizing the resistance value of the balancing current limiting element within the range that can protect the balancing switch element, the balancing current can also be controlled by current control through PWM control.

[0222] In addition, the inventors also recognized the problem that when there are many cells that are over-discharged during high C-rate charge / discharge, there may be a concern about the suspension of cell monitoring BMS operation. In the existing configuration or prior art, when performing high-power discharge during battery power use, stable operation was impossible due to fluctuations in the input power supply of the BMS. That is, when the power supply of the BMS is cut off, the ESS power is usually cut off, so many difficulties occurred during high-power discharge. Also, when using an external power supply as in the existing / prior art, there were problems such as the addition of components such as a large number of connector wires, the addition of the necessary manufacturing processes, and an increase in unit price due to an overall increase in cost.

[0223] As a solution to this, attention was focused on the fact that a boost circuit can be configured so that the BMS can operate normally if only the minimum voltage is input. The battery voltage can be input primarily, and the input voltage can be changed (boosted) to a voltage at which the BMS can operate and provided as the BMS power input.

[0224] As a result, the BMS can operate stably even when battery deviations occur, and the BMS can operate stably even when a large number of over-discharged batteries occur. Since only a small number of elements are added to the internal circuit board of the BMS, it can be realized with minimal increase in unit price and without adding special processes.

[0225] The present invention relates to a battery management system (BMS) connected to a power grid and including an energy storage device (ESS). In the BMS, based on the amount of power in the power grid, the input and output of the ESS are adjusted so that the power supply of a facility or equipment connected to the power grid is not cut off, or an abnormal operation is detected, and control is executed so that the ESS copes with the overall power situation of the power grid. An operation method of an energy storage device (ESS) is presented, which is characterized by the above.

[0226] In the ESS, by looking at the amount of power used, the available power of the power grid and the power used by other loads are confirmed, and charging is performed with surplus power. Adjusting the output of the ESS based on the amount of power in the power grid includes the steps of monitoring the total amount of power in the power grid; and confirming all of the amount of power used in the power grid, the amount of power required for an electric vehicle that requires charging using the BMS, or the amount of power used by loads in other areas connected to the power grid.

[0227] Executing control so that the energy storage device (ESS) copes with the overall power situation of the power grid means judging all of the amount of power used in the power grid where the ESS is installed, the amount of power used by loads outside the ESS, and the amount of power required for an electric vehicle charger. When all of the judged amounts of power are less than the maximum amount of power in the power grid, a discharge mode is included in which charging of the ESS or standby state preparation for discharge is executed with the surplus power of the power grid to assist the power of the power grid.

[0228] Detection of the abnormal operation is performed by at least one wattmeter installed at an appropriate position of the battery management system (BMS). The energy storage device (ESS) executing control to address the overall power situation of the power grid includes determining the maximum amount of power available in the power grid where the ESS is installed, the amount of power used by loads outside the ESS, and the amount of power required for an electric vehicle charger. When the total amount of determined power exceeds the power grid power, it includes the step of assisting the excess power of the power grid with the ESS, and includes a fault mode for detecting and warning of power leakage, malfunction, or the need for diagnosis in advance.

[0229] In the fault mode, when the output power is higher than the supplied power or when the output power is significantly lower than the supplied power, a system diagnosis required fault notification is generated. The present invention also provides a method for operating an energy storage device (ESS), which includes, in a battery charging management system including the energy storage device (ESS), the steps of confirming all of a first amount of power used in a power grid, a second amount of power required by a charger used for charging an electric vehicle, and a third amount of power used by loads in other areas connected to the power grid; and selectively executing a charge / discharge mode for assisting the power of the power grid or a diagnosis mode for detecting and warning of the need for diagnosis according to the confirmation result of the amount of power.

[0230] In the discharge mode, when the sum of the first amount of power, the second amount of power, and the third amount of power is less than the maximum amount of power of the power grid, the ESS is charged with the excess power of the power grid or shifted to a discharge standby state to assist the power of the power grid.

[0231] In the diagnostic mode, when the grid power supplied to the charger + the power supplied from the ESS < the charger output power; or when the situation of ((the grid power supplied to the charger + the power supplied from the ESS) × a certain level percentage) ≧ the charger output power occurs, it is determined that there is a need for diagnosis for the battery charging management system and a procedure for generating a diagnostic notification is executed. An energy storage device (ESS) operation method characterized by this can also be executed. Here, the percentage (%) of a certain level is exemplarily set at 80% and can also be compared with the charger output power. The certain level can be defined not as a specific numerical value but within a range such as 70% to 90%.

[0232] The ESS is equipped with at least one vanadium ion battery (VIB), and after looking at the amount of power used, it checks all the available power of the power grid and the power used by other loads, and charges with the surplus power.

[0233] The present invention presents an energy storage device (ESS) operation system, which includes, in a battery management system (BMS) connected to a power grid, a power conversion device that receives and converts power supply from the power grid; an energy storage device (ESS) connected to the power grid and the power conversion device; and a sensor network installed to be able to execute the power flow judgment and management of the entire system where the energy storage device (ESS) is installed.

[0234] The sensor network is connected and configured to be able to measure all of the amount of power used in the power grid, the amount of power required for an electric vehicle that requires charging using the BMS, and the amount of power used by loads in other areas connected to the power grid.

[0235] At least one sensor of the sensor network is in front of the power conversion device. In the ESS, after looking at the amount of power used, it checks all the available power of the power grid and the power used by other loads, and charges with the surplus power.

[0236] There is at least one distribution board for power distribution between the power grid and the power conversion device, and there is at least one sensor in front of the distribution board. When a specific sensor of the sensor network does not operate, the functions of the specific sensor can be replaced by using the measurement results of other sensors of the sensor network.

[0237] The sensor network is implemented so that system operation can execute at least one of operations according to the power situation of the grid where the energy storage device (ESS) is installed, additional operations according to the power consumption and loss amount in each section, and emergency operations in the event of an emergency.

[0238] The energy storage device (ESS) is a VIB ESS including a vanadium ion battery (VIB). When an abnormality or failure occurs in the BMS, at least one sensor of the sensor network is used to measure the state of charge (SoC) of the vanadium ion battery (VIB) instead.

[0239] The energy storage device (ESS) is implemented together with an electric vehicle charger. The entire system where the energy storage device (ESS) is installed further includes an ESS external load, and according to the measurement of the sensor network for the ESS external load, it is determined whether the energy storage device (ESS) can assist the power grid and discharge to the electric vehicle charger.

[0240] A grid separation device is installed at a location where it is determined or predicted that there is a lot of or unstable power supply-related noise according to the measurement data of the sensor network. Even if all the components constituting the embodiments of the invention are described as being combined or combined and operating together, the present invention is not necessarily limited to such embodiments, and within the scope of the object of the present invention, all components can be selectively combined and operate in one or more. Also, all of its components can be realized as one independent piece of hardware, but a part or all of each component can be selectively combined to have a computer program (Computer Program) that executes a part or all of the functions combined in one or more pieces of hardware. The code and code segments constituting the computer program can be easily inferred by those skilled in the technical field of the present invention. Such a computer program can be stored in a computer-readable medium (Computer Readable Media) and read and executed by a computer to realize the embodiments of the present invention. The storage media for the computer program include magnetic recording media, optical recording media, and storage media including semiconductor recording elements. Also, the computer program for realizing the embodiments of the present invention includes program modules transmitted in real time through an external device.

[0241] The above-described embodiments should be understood as being illustrative in all respects and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims described below rather than the above-described detailed description. And of course, all conversions and deformable forms derived from the equivalent concept of the meaning and scope of this claim should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. In a battery management system (BMS) connected to a power grid and including an energy storage device (ESS), controlling is performed to adjust the input and output of the ESS based on the amount of power in the power grid so that the power supply to a facility or equipment connected to the power grid is not interrupted or to detect an abnormal operation and enable the ESS to cope with the overall power situation of the power grid. An operating method for an energy storage device (ESS) is characterized by this.

2. In the ESS, by looking at the amount of power used, the available power of the power grid or the power used by other loads is confirmed, and charging is performed with surplus power. The operating method for an energy storage device (ESS) according to Claim 1 is characterized by this.

3. Adjusting the output of the ESS based on the amount of power in the power grid includes monitoring the total amount of power in the power grid; and confirming the amount of power used in the power grid, the amount of power required for an electric vehicle that requires charging using the BMS, or the amount of power used by loads in other areas connected to the power grid. The operating method for an energy storage device (ESS) according to Claim 1 is characterized by this.

4. When the energy storage device (ESS) performs control to cope with the overall power situation of the power grid, the ESS determines all of the amount of power used in the power grid where the ESS is installed, the amount of power used by loads outside the ESS, and the amount of power required for an electric vehicle charger. When all of the determined amounts of power are less than the maximum amount of power of the power grid, a discharge mode is included in which charging of the ESS or preparation for a discharge standby state is performed with the surplus power of the power grid to assist the power of the power grid. The operating method for an energy storage device (ESS) according to Claim 1 is characterized by this.

5. The detection of the abnormal operation is performed by at least one wattmeter installed at an appropriate position in the battery management system (BMS). The operating method for an energy storage device (ESS) according to Claim 1 is characterized by this.

6. When the energy storage device (ESS) performs control to cope with the overall power situation of the power grid, Determine the maximum amount of power that can be used in the power grid where the ESS is installed, the amount of power used by loads outside the ESS, and the amount of power required for the electric vehicle charger. When all the determined amounts of power exceed the power grid power, execute the step of assisting the excess power of the power grid with the ESS, and include a failure mode that detects and warns of power leakage, malfunction, or the need for diagnosis in advance. The method for operating an energy storage device (ESS) according to claim 1.

7. In the failure mode, when the output power is higher than the supplied power or the output power is significantly lower than the supplied power, execute the generation of a system diagnosis required failure notification. The method for operating an energy storage device (ESS) according to claim 6.

8. In a battery charging management system including an energy storage device (ESS), Confirm all of the first amount of power used in the power grid, the second amount of power required by the charger used for electric vehicle charging, and the third amount of power used by loads in other areas connected to the power grid; and Selectively execute a charge / discharge mode for assisting the power of the power grid or a diagnosis mode for detecting and warning of the need for diagnosis according to the confirmation result of the amount of power. The method for operating an energy storage device (ESS) characterized by including this.

9. In the discharge mode, When the sum of the first amount of power, the second amount of power, and the third amount of power is less than the maximum amount of power of the power grid, shift to a charging or discharging standby state of the ESS with the surplus power of the power grid and assist the power of the power grid. The method for operating an energy storage device (ESS) according to claim 8.

10. In the diagnosis mode, when the situation of grid power supplied to the charger + power supplied from the ESS < charger output power; or ((grid power supplied to the charger + power supplied from the ESS) × a certain level %) ≥ charger output power occurs, execute the procedure of determining that there is a need for diagnosis for the battery charging management system and generating a diagnosis notification. The method for operating an energy storage device (ESS) according to claim 8.

11. The ESS is equipped with at least one vanadium ion battery (VIB), and it is characterized in that, by looking at the amount of power used, it checks all the available power of the power grid and the power used by other loads, and charges with the surplus power. The method for operating an energy storage device (ESS) according to claim 8.

12. In a battery management system (BMS) connected to a power grid, A power conversion device that receives and converts power supply from the power grid; An energy storage device (ESS) connected to the power grid and the power conversion device; and An energy storage device (ESS) operation system characterized by including a sensor network implemented so as to be able to execute power flow determination and management of the entire system where the energy storage device (ESS) is installed.

13. The sensor network is connected and configured so as to be able to measure all of the amount of power used in the power grid, the amount of power required for an electric vehicle that requires charging using the BMS, and the amount of power used by loads in other areas connected to the power grid. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 12.

14. At least one sensor of the sensor network is in front of the power conversion device. In the ESS, by looking at the amount of power used, it checks all the available power of the power grid and the power used by other loads, and charges with the surplus power. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 13.

15. There is at least one distribution board for power distribution between the power grid and the power conversion device, and at least one sensor is in front of the distribution board. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 14.

16. When a specific sensor of the sensor network does not operate, the function of the specific sensor can be replaced by using the measurement results of other sensors of the sensor network. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 15.

17. The system operation uses the sensor network to implement at least one of operations according to the power situation of the grid where the energy storage device (ESS) is installed, additional operations according to the power consumption and loss amount for each section, and emergency operations in the event of an emergency, and is characterized in that it is implemented to be executable. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 12.

18. The energy storage device (ESS) is a VIB ESS including a vanadium ion battery (VIB). When an abnormality or failure occurs in the BMS, the state of charge (SoC) of the vanadium ion battery (VIB) is measured using at least one sensor of the sensor network instead. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 12, characterized in that.

19. The energy storage device (ESS) is implemented together with an electric vehicle charger. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 12, characterized in that.

20. The entire system where the energy storage device (ESS) is installed further includes an ESS external load. According to the measurement of the sensor network for the ESS external load, the energy storage device (ESS) determines whether to discharge to the electric vehicle charger by assisting the power grid. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 19, characterized in that.

21. A grid separation device is installed at a location determined or predicted to have a lot of or unstable power supply-related noise according to the measurement data of the sensor network. The energy storage device (ESS) operation system according to claim 12, characterized in that.

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