COMPOSTING PLANT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPOST

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composting plant (1) having a structural material bed made of organic structural material, such as straw. The composting plant further comprises at least one distribution system (18) for an organic fermentation product (33) and an additive material (43) different from the organic fermentation product, the additive material preferably being suitable and / or designed to fix or bind nitrogen molecules. Furthermore, a control and / or regulation device is provided, by which the at least one distribution system (18) can be controlled to distribute the organic fermentation product (33) and / or the additive material (43) onto and / or into the structural material bed (6) in a controlled manner at a controlled time and in a controlled amount.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a composting plant according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing compost according to the preamble of claim 36. [Background technology]

[0002] A known composting plant includes a composting tank as a composting vessel with an open top, in which straw as an organic structural material is placed in the form of a structural material bed. Liquid fertilizer is then supplied to the bed as a liquid organic fermentation product. This type of composting plant can produce compost using liquid fertilizer, which is advantageous for reducing the volume and utilizing the liquid fertilizer. However, this type of compost production results in the loss of some of the components important for compost production, such as nitrogen, resulting in a relatively low quality compost, which hinders the economic commercialization of compost produced by this method. Furthermore, environmentally hazardous substances such as NH3 (ammonia) and N2O (laughing gas) are also emitted. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to create a composting plant and a method for compost production that is capable of producing good quality compost. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] This object is solved by the features of the independent patent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0005] According to claim 1, a composting plant is provided which comprises a structural material bed having an organic structural material.

[0006] Furthermore, at least one distribution system is provided for the organic fermentation product and for the additive material different from the organic fermentation product. Preferably, the additive material is suitable and / or designed to immobilize or bind volatile and / or leachable compounds and thereby retain them within the structural material bed during and as the additive material is introduced and fed onto or into the structural material bed.

[0007] The term "volatile and / or leachable compounds" is expressly intended to be broadly interpreted herein and to include any liquid and / or gaseous compounds retained or intended to be retained in the manure, and, where appropriate, any pure liquid and / or gaseous substances at risk of loss during the composting techniques described herein. Among other things, volatile and / or leachable compounds are nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly ammonia (NH) and / or ammonium (NH) and / or nitrous oxide (NO), and / or phosphorus-containing compounds, particularly phosphorus pentoxide (PO), and / or potassium-containing compounds, particularly potassium oxide (KO), and / or magnesium-containing compounds, particularly magnesium oxide (MgO), and / or sulfur-containing compounds, particularly sulfur sulfate (SO).

[0008] Furthermore, a control and / or regulation device is provided, which can control at least one distribution system to distribute the organic fermentation product and / or the additive material onto and / or into the bed of structural material in a defined amount at a defined time. In principle, this can also be done in other ways, such as by sequentially supplying the organic fermentation product and the additive material onto and / or into the bed of structural material, either overlapping in time or together (as a mixture of fermentation product and additive material).

[0009] In the composting plant according to the invention, in addition to the organic fermentation product, the structural material bed is also supplied with additives suitable for specifically defining additional substance binding, which are preferably mixed with the organic fermentation product in a predetermined ratio, thereby significantly improving the quality of the compost. The solution according to the invention not only allows a very good compost quality to be achieved, but also reduces or minimizes the emissions of pollutants harmful to the environment, such as NH3 (ammonia) and NO (nitrous oxide).

[0010] Preferably, the organic structural material is introduced into a composting bin, preferably open at the top, to form a structural material bed. However, it should be clearly stated at this point that the term "composting bin" is to be understood broadly and comprehensively herein, and ultimately includes the surface or plate on which the structural material bed rests. That is, the composting bin may be, but need not be, basin- or trough-shaped. For example, the composting bin may have only a support surface without end and side walls, or only side walls without end walls.

[0011] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one distribution system (viewed from the vertical axis) is movable above the bed of structural material, preferably movable above the bed of structural material under the control of at least one control and / or regulating device. In the case of large-capacity composting basins, this method allows for a relatively slim design of the distribution system, which can be moved to any desired position in a targeted and controlled manner. Therefore, in this case, a complex distribution system covering the entire composting basin is not necessary.

[0012] Specifically, the at least one distribution system is connected or connectable to at least one fermentation product reservoir for the organic fermentation product, from which the organic fermentation product is transferred to the distribution system. Furthermore, the at least one distribution system is also connected or connectable to at least one additive reservoir for the additive material, from which the additive material is transferred to the distribution system. This ensures that the substance to be added is always available in sufficient quantities, ensuring reliable operation of the system. For this purpose, at least one conveying device can be advantageously provided, which can convey the organic fermentation product from the at least one fermentation product reservoir and the at least one additive material reservoir to the distribution system. This allows for a functionally reliable supply of the substances and materials to be added. Particularly advantageous embodiments include, for example, at least one fermentation product conveying device, which can convey the organic fermentation product from the at least one fermentation product reservoir to the distribution system, and at least one additive material conveying device, which can convey the additive material from the at least one additive material reservoir to the distribution system. This allows for the desired, targeted, and advantageous administration of the respective materials in a simple and functionally reliable manner.

[0013] At least one controlling and / or regulating device controls the movement of the distribution system (viewed from the vertical axis) above the bed of structural material, while at the same time controlling the transport of the organic fermentation product from at least one fermentation product reservoir by at least one fermentation product transport device and controlling the administration by at least one additive transport device. Such controlled administration allows the organic fermentation product and additive materials to be administered sequentially onto and / or into the bed of structural material, overlapping in time or simultaneously (as a mixture of fermentation product and additive material), thereby enabling the desired controlled operation of the plant.

[0014] According to a particularly preferred, compact and structurally uncomplicated embodiment, preferably only a single distribution system is provided, which constitutes the distribution system for both the organic fermentation product and the additive material, although separate distribution systems for the organic fermentation product and the additive material may also be provided depending on the specific design of the composting plant, in particular the size of the composting tank.

[0015] According to a first particular embodiment for this purpose, for example, a mixing device can be provided upstream of at least one distribution system, in which an additive material can be locally added upstream to the organic fermentation product, so that the additive material is added in a controlled manner at a predetermined ratio before the organic fermentation product is fed to at least one distribution system, and a mixture of the fermentation product and the additive material is fed or can be fed to at least one distribution system. However, when adding certain additive materials, such as kieselite, this variant of the embodiment can cause the problem that the channels of the distribution system quickly become clogged.

[0016] To address this issue, an alternative can be provided in which at least one distribution system, preferably a single distribution system, comprises or forms a mixing device suitable and designed for adding additive materials to the organic fermentation product in a controlled manner and at a predeterminable ratio before, preferably just before, and / or during the application of the organic fermentation product, thereby distributing the mixture of fermentation product and additive materials onto and / or within the structural material bed. In this embodiment, the mixing device is thus arranged on the distribution system in an integrated and compact design or constitutes the distribution system, thereby mixing the additive materials with the organic fermentation product in the distribution system in a controlled and predeterminable ratio. The mixing device can be arranged in any suitable position, but is preferably arranged at the outlet of the distribution system or alternatively at the inlet of the distribution system.

[0017] Alternatively, separate distribution systems for the organic fermentation product and the additive material may be suitable and designed to separately distribute the additive material and the organic fermentation product onto and / or within the bed of structural material.

[0018] In particular, for simple and convenient movement of the distribution system over the structural material bed, it is advantageous if at least one distribution system has at least one distribution cross beam that spans the composting basin and / or the structural material bed at least partially, preferably completely, over the structural material bed and can be moved in a controlled manner over the structural material bed by at least one control and adjustment device. Cross beam here means, in particular, a mechanical support on which components can be held or positioned. Again, a compact design can be achieved, for example, by providing only a single distribution cross beam, which then constitutes the only distribution system. Alternatively, multiple distribution cross beams can be provided, each with its own distribution system.

[0019] In principle, the at least one distribution crossbeam can be positioned in any way, for example, above the composting tank or above the bed of structural material, for example, by being suspended and supported by a support structure suspended above the composting tank or by being suspended and supported by at least one carrier in the manner of a winch trolley. The at least one support can be fixed or movable. Such a suspension structure can be, for example, a roof structure covering the composting tank. However, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, the distribution crossbeam is supported on the side wall of the composting tank and is intended to move along said side wall. For this purpose, the composting tank preferably has a plate-shaped bottom wall and two preferably parallel vertical side walls that divide the bottom wall in the transverse direction and in the direction of movement of the distribution crossbeam. In this way, the at least one distribution crossbeam is supported on both sides by longitudinal guide rails with guide elements on the side walls, allowing it to be moved along the side wall in a controlled manner in a sturdy, simple, and space-saving manner.

[0020] In principle, the at least one additive material reservoir can be separate from the distribution system and / or fixedly located outside the composting tank, but the at least one additive material container can be connected to the distribution system, preferably permanently and / or closably, by a piping and / or wiring connection. The at least one additive material reservoir can be connected to the distribution system, for example, via at least one hose and / or piping channel, with the hose and / or piping channel preferably having a length that takes into account and follows the movement path of the distribution system. However, since this is generally very complicated from the standpoint of manufacturing technology and design, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one additive material reservoir forms part of the distribution system, preferably arranged on the distribution system, and most preferably arranged on the distribution crossbeam so that it can move therewith. Furthermore, at least one, preferably stationary, additive material storage reservoir, preferably a storage tank, can be provided in an area external to the composting tank and the distribution system, and a movable distribution system above the bed of structural material is arranged in the area of ​​the at least one additive material storage reservoir, preferably at a longitudinal end of the composting tank, and at controllable stops, the additive material storage reservoirs movable with the distribution system are filled from at least one corresponding additive material storage reservoir, preferably by means of at least one filling channel connectable to the additive material storage reservoirs. The at least one additive material storage reservoir is preferably larger than the additive material storage reservoirs movable with the distribution system and can be arranged, for example, beside or above the composting tank when viewed in the vertical axial direction.

[0021] The above comments regarding the at least one additive material reservoir also apply mutatis mutandis to the at least one fermentation product reservoir.

[0022] Thus, at least one fermentation product reservoir is also not part of the distribution system and / or is fixedly arranged outside the composting tank, and is preferably connected to the distribution system by a piping and / or channel connection, which is permanently and / or closably connected. The fermentation product reservoir may, for example, be formed by a groove running along one or more sides of the composting tank, in which the organic fermentation product is contained. Alternatively, the fermentation product reservoir may be configured in a different way, for example, by a storage container connected to the distribution system via at least one hose and / or piping channel, with the hose and / or piping channel preferably having a length that takes into account and corresponds to the travel path of the distribution system. This can be achieved, for example, by a hose reel with a hose that can be wound up and unwound. The hose reel or reel can be arranged on the distribution system, for example, on the distribution crossbeam. The winding and unwinding of the hose can be easily adapted to the respective travel path of the distribution system, or in this particular case, the travel path of the distribution crossbeam, thereby eliminating the need to unwind the entire hose each time. Thus, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, a dimensionally stable hose is provided which can be wound up and unwound, and which can pass liquid organic fermentation products, such as liquid manure, both in the wound and unwound state.

[0023] However, in principle, alternatively or additionally, the at least one fermentation product reservoir or the at least one further fermentation product reservoir can also form part of a distribution system, preferably arranged on the distribution system, most preferably arranged on a distribution crossbeam so as to be movable therewith. In particular, in connection with arranging such fermentation product reservoirs on the distribution system, at least one, preferably stationary, fermentation product storage reservoir, preferably a storage tank, can be provided in an area outside the composting tank and the distribution system, and a distribution system movable above the structural material bed can be arranged in the area of ​​the at least one fermentation product storage reservoir, preferably at the longitudinal end of the composting tank, and the fermentation product reservoir, equipped with a controllable stop and movable together with the distribution system, can be filled from at least one corresponding fermentation product storage reservoir, preferably by means of at least one filling channel connectable to the fermentation product reservoir. The at least one fermentation product stockpile reservoir is preferably larger than the fermentation product reservoir that is movable with the distribution system and can be positioned, for example, beside or above the composting tank when viewed in the vertical axial direction.

[0024] A particularly simple and functionally reliable distribution of the material to be introduced is achieved by a distribution system designed as a distribution pipe system with at least one, preferably actually one, outlet pipe extending over at least a portion of the length of the distribution crossbar, and with at least one, preferably one, outlet pipe with a plurality of outlet devices, preferably outlet openings, spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction. However, as an alternative, the distribution crossbar can also be formed by at least one outlet pipe with at least one outlet device, preferably a plurality of outlet devices, preferably outlet openings, spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction. In particularly easy-to-manufacture embodiments, the outlet devices can be formed by holes and / or slits, but optionally also by groove-like overflows.

[0025] The distribution system preferably includes at least one mixing / agitating element penetrating the bed of structural material, preferably a plurality of mixing / agitating elements spaced apart from one another and engaging the bed of structural material. More preferably, the at least one mixing / agitating element, preferably a plurality of mixing / agitating elements spaced apart from one another and engaging the bed of structural material, can be arranged on a distribution system, preferably a distribution crossbeam, and most preferably on the outlet pipe of a distribution system designed as a distribution piping system. For example, a plurality of mixing / agitating elements spaced apart from one another, aligned, for example, vertically downward, engaging the bed of structural material can be arranged on the distribution system or distribution crossbeam, and can be designed, for example, as mixing / agitating elements movable vertically downward and / or laterally and rotatably driven in a controlled manner. The at least one mixing / agitating element is preferably designed as a mixing screw and / or a mixing paddle. The bed of structural material can be loosened and mixed as needed using the distribution crossbeam by means of such a mixing / agitating element.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the distribution system, or preferably the outflow device, is at least partially adapted and designed to supply the additive material and the organic fermentation product or the mixture of the fermentation product and the additive material directly to at least one mixing and stirring element, preferably by sparging or direct administration, which allows a very compact design and also allows for a fast distribution without unnecessary time losses.

[0027] The composting plant can be operated in a batch mode, where the compost is discharged from the composting tank after a desired composting time has elapsed. This can lead to undesirable downtime, especially in large or multiple composting plants. Therefore, as an alternative to the batch mode, the composting plant can also be operated in a continuous processing mode. For this purpose, the composting plant preferably includes a feeding device that can move the structural material bed along the feeding device across the composting tank, preferably under control via a control and / or adjustment device, with the feeding speed preferably being between 1 and 5 meters per day, most preferably between 1 and 3 meters per day. A drying device and / or a pelletizing device can then be provided at the end of the transport path.

[0028] The feeding device can be formed by a conveyor bed, particularly in the form of a conveyor belt, and / or at least one screw conveyor. A particularly preferred embodiment here is one in which at least one screw conveyor is formed by a screw conveyor that simultaneously constitutes a mixing and stirring element as described above. In other words, at least one screw conveyor is formed by a mixing and stirring element that engages with a structural material bed, preferably located on a distribution system, most preferably on a distribution crossbeam or on the outlet pipe of a distribution system designed as a distribution pipe system. To achieve the desired feeding rate, the at least one screw conveyor, viewed in the conveying direction, is preferably inclined toward a vertical direction, more preferably toward a vertical direction, ahead of the corresponding rotation direction. A configuration in which two screw conveyors form a screw conveyor pair, as in a twin-screw extruder, is particularly preferred for effective feeding rates, whereby several screw conveyor pairs are preferably provided at a distance from each other.

[0029] Uniform distribution of the fermentation product and the added additive materials over and / or within the bed of structural material over the entire length and width of the composting tank is essential for producing high-quality compost. To distribute the fermentation product and additive materials evenly, a piping system with multiple branches can also be provided as a distribution system. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, a configuration is proposed in which the distribution piping system has a main pipe that is preferably connected to the outflow pipe via a piping channel system that branches multiple times.

[0030] A specific implementation of such a particularly advantageous embodiment may include, for example, a main pipe and an outlet pipe connected thereto via a branch pipe flow system, the main pipe extending approximately halfway along the distribution cross beam to a first pipe branch, where the intermediate pipe branches off, with the first intermediate pipe section extending back toward the main pipe to a second pipe branch, and the second intermediate pipe section extending away from the main pipe to a third pipe branch, where the main pipe extends approximately halfway along the distribution cross beam to the first pipe branch. A second intermediate pipe section extends back toward the main pipe to the second pipe branch and away from the main pipe to the third pipe branch, with longitudinal pipes connected to the second and third pipe branches, respectively. In the longitudinal direction of the distribution cross beam, these longitudinal pipes extend across the left and right sections of the distribution cross beam, preferably across approximately half to one-third of the length of the distribution cross beam. Furthermore, each of these two longitudinal pipes can be connected to a plurality of preferably equally spaced riser pipes to an outflow pipe that runs the length of the distribution cross beam above the bed of structural material.

[0031] Furthermore, one or more valves controllable by a controlling and / or regulating device can be arranged in the pipes of this distribution piping system, i.e. in the main pipe and / or in the intermediate pipes and / or in the longitudinal pipes and / or in the riser pipes, which makes it advantageously and easily possible to change the flow diameter or to shut off individual pipe sections of the distribution piping system, in particular to influence the distribution of the material being discharged.

[0032] For easy removal of the additive material, at least one additive material reservoir is preferably provided with a controllable dosing element as an additive material conveying device, by which the additive material is discharged from the additive material reservoir in a controlled manner. For a robust design, the controllable dosing element or additive material conveying device is preferably a dosing screw. Specifically, for example, at least one fermentation product reservoir may alternatively or additionally have a dosing outlet connected to an inlet of a distribution system, for example, to the main pipe or outlet pipe of the above-mentioned distribution pipe system, and / or may be provided with a controllable dosing element.

[0033] For example, in connection with a particularly preferred embodiment, at least one fermentation product conveying device may be provided, arranged at the inlet of a distribution system, in particular formed by the main pipe or the outflow pipe of the above-mentioned distribution pipe system. According to this particularly preferred embodiment, this pipe then forms the inlet of the distribution system, which in turn is connected, preferably by a fluid connection, most preferably by a pipe connection, to a fermentation product stockpile reservoir and / or a fermentation product reservoir arranged outside the composting tank. The dosing outlet of the additive material reservoir is then preferably connected to the distribution system, in particular downstream of the fermentation product conveying device, in the case of a common distribution system for the organic fermentation product and the additive material. This allows for a simple and compact design and reliable operation.

[0034] For proper process control and economical operation of the composting plant, it is preferable that the plant is designed to be relatively large. According to a preferred embodiment, the composting basin has a rectangular bottom wall, in particular a rectangular bottom plate as the bottom wall, preferably with a length of 50 to 300 m, most preferably 50 to 200 m, and / or a width of 10 to 30 m, most preferably 10 to 20 m, and / or the width is traversed by a distribution system, preferably a distribution cross beam. Further preferably, the composting basin has two vertical walls as side walls, whereby the height of the side walls is preferably 1.5 to 4 m, preferably 1.5 to 3 m, which allows for the accommodation of an appropriate height of the structural material bed, for example a height of about 2.0 m.

[0035] Under various weather conditions, rainwater entering the structural material beds can disrupt the composting process and reduce the quality of the compost. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to install the composting tank in a hall with a roof. If gas exchange with the environment is required, halls with a roof and at least part of the walls open on the sides are advantageous.

[0036] Alternatively, and in addition, the composting bin may have walls at both ends. Alternatively, however, at least one end wall (preferably the wide side) of the composting bin may be open, allowing vehicles to drive directly into the composting bin through the bottom wall to add a bed of structural material or to spread the finished compost.

[0037] Accurate dosing of the additive material into the fermentation product can be achieved simply by installing a flow measuring device of suitable design to measure the fermentation product flow rate when the fermentation product conveying device (e.g., fermentation product pump) is operating and providing a corresponding measurement signal to a ratio regulator of the controlling and / or regulating device. The output signal of the controlling and / or regulating device becomes the setpoint of a regulating element of the controlling and / or regulating device. This regulating element controls, for example, a controllable dosing member adapted and designed to discharge the additive material from an additive material reservoir at a predetermined rate, forming an additive material conveying device adapted and designed, for example, to ultimately dispense the additive material into an organic fermentation product or structural material bed. Alternatively, and additionally, the regulating element can, of course, optionally also control a fermentation product conveying device adapted and designed to discharge the organic fermentation product from a fermentation product reservoir at a predetermined rate.

[0038] The flow rate measuring device can be formed by a separate flow rate measuring device and / or a fermentation product conveying device designed as a fermentation product pump, the flow rate of which is determined as a result of the pump speed.

[0039] Alternatively, this can also be achieved by providing a temperature measuring device suitable for measuring the temperature of the structural material of the structural material bed with or without the addition of the additive material and designed to supply a corresponding temperature signal to a rate adjuster of the controlling and / or regulating device, the output signal being the setpoint of the adjusting element of the controlling and / or regulating device. The adjusting element, for example, controls a controllable dosing element forming an additive material conveying device adapted and designed to discharge the additive material from the additive material reservoir at a predetermined rate, for example, to finally dosing it into the organic fermentation product or structural material bed. Alternatively, and additionally, the adjusting element can, of course, optionally also control a fermentation product conveying device adapted and designed to discharge the organic fermentation product from the organic fermentation product reservoir at a predetermined rate. The temperature can be measured using a suitable temperature sensor, for example, inserted into the bed material or in a non-contact manner using an infrared sensor.

[0040] With regard to temperature measurement in particular, it is advantageous to divide the construction material bed into individual zones and measure the temperature in each zone. For example, at least one temperature measuring device is provided for each zone. This type of zone-based temperature measurement can be used to adjust the addition of additional materials as a function of the zone temperature measured in each zone. This allows for very precise and precise control of the compost quality of the construction material bed, especially in continuous processing systems where the bed material is moving.

[0041] In principle, any compostable organic construction material can be used in the construction material bed, optionally as a mixture of different organic construction materials, and straw beds are particularly suitable for the composting plant according to the invention and the composting method that can be carried out thereby, since straw is usually available in large quantities, for example as an agricultural by-product, and is easy to handle. The organic construction material is therefore formed from straw or mainly from straw.

[0042] The organic fermentation product is preferably a liquid organic fermentation product, preferably liquid manure or mainly liquid manure, although in principle different liquid fermentation products can also be used. However, liquid manure is particularly suitable, since it is produced in particularly large quantities as waste, in particular in large-scale livestock farming, and can be disposed of sustainably by producing compost according to the invention.

[0043] The additive material can theoretically consist of or include any suitable macronutrient, such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si).

[0044] Alternatively, the additive material may consist of or include any suitable micronutrient, such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), or the non-metals chlorine (Cl) and boron (B).

[0045] Further alternatively or additionally, the additive material may be formed by or comprise rock flour, preferably rock flour taken from at least one of the following source rocks: - Basalt - Diabase - Lava - quartz - Zeolite - Granite

[0046] Further alternatively or additionally, the additive material may be formed by or include a microorganism, preferably a nitrogen fixing bacterium, most preferably an Azotobacter.

[0047] However, it is particularly preferred that the additive material is magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieselite, most preferably kieselite containing 20% ​​to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), or formed thereby, which can be added to the nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing organic fermentation product, preferably formed by fertilizer, to form MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) or struvite. The input is such that magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieselite, most preferably kieselite containing 20% ​​to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), is added to the nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing organic fermentation product, preferably formed by fertilizer, to form MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) or struvite. 3 The method is preferably carried out so that 1 to 6 kg, preferably 2 to 5 kg, and most preferably 3 kg of additive material is added per 1000 m3. Experiments by the inventors have shown that adding kieselite to organic fermentation products, such as cow or pig manure, results in the formation of MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate), also known as struvite, which can fix approximately 60 to 80% of the nitrogen in liquid fertilizer or construction beds (preferably straw beds). Nitrogen fixation can be further enhanced by adding phosphorus. This allows the addition of not only nitrogen and phosphorus to the construction bed, but also magnesium, allowing these elements to remain in the construction bed. The MAP complex only dissolves after being applied to, for example, a field and mixed into the soil. This is because the acidic environment created by the roots not only facilitates nutrient uptake by plants, but also dissolves the MAP complex. Another advantage of the MAP complex is that it is highly stable, preventing it from washing out of the soil and therefore from seeping into groundwater.

[0048] An additional benefit of MAP formation or MAP complexes is that they can effectively reduce or prevent leaching of nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2) in the soil. With MAP formation, nitrogen is no longer freely available and is bound to MAP, so it can no longer be leached as nitrate and / or nitrite.

[0049] Alternatively, or additionally, the additive material may comprise or consist of vegetable charcoal, preferably produced by pyrolytic carbonization of plant starting material, preferably constituted as charcoal, in which case the vegetable charcoal acts as a kind of sponge to hold the material within the bed of structural material.

[0050] The advantages obtained from the method according to the invention are the same as those of the composting plant described in detail above, to which reference is made in order to avoid duplication. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0051] The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. The drawings show: [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic longitudinal perspective view of an exemplary composting plant according to the present invention; [Figure 2] Schematic diagram of an exemplary control unit or control device for a composting method. [Figure 3] Schematic side view of the composting plant in Figure 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0052] 1 is a schematic longitudinal perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a composting plant 1 according to the present invention. The composting plant 1 has a composting tank 2, which is a trough-shaped composting container made of, for example, concrete and has an upwardly opening. The composting tank 2 has a bottom plate 3 as its bottom wall, and in this embodiment, has a rectangular shape measuring, for example, 200 m in length and 20 m in width. The composting tank 2 further has two side walls 4 and 5, each about 2 m high.

[0053] In the composting basin 2, a bed of structural material, in this example a straw bed 6, is already accommodated on the bottom plate 3 to a filling height of, for example, 1.7 m.

[0054] The composting plant 1, in particular the composting tank 2, is further exemplarily housed in a hall 7, with a hall roof 8 covering the composting tank 2. In the example shown here, the sides of the hall and the rear and / or front walls of the hall are open.

[0055] The composting bin 2 may be open at the front and / or rear ends or on the wider side walls to facilitate transport of bedding material.

[0056] The distribution crossbeam 9 forms part of a distribution system, here exemplified as a distribution piping system 18 (described in more detail below). The distribution crossbeam 9 extends over the entire width of the composting bin 2 above the straw bed 6 and is here supported on both sides, for example, on longitudinal guide rails 10, 11 on the side walls 4, 5, which can be moved back and forth in a controlled, motor-driven manner along the side walls 4, 5, as indicated by double arrows 14, 15, by means of guide members 12, 13, for example designed as rollers or slides.

[0057] A fermentation product conveying device, designed for example as a liquid manure pump 16, is arranged on one side of the distribution crossbeam 9, which is connected by a piping connection 17 to a flow connection (not shown) to a liquid manure storage container (not shown) as a fermentation product reservoir. In the example shown here, the liquid manure pump 16 is used to pump liquid manure, as an example of a suitable organic fermentation product, via a distribution piping system 18 to an outflow pipe 19 running the length of the distribution crossbeam 9 or the width of the composting tank 2, as required, with outflow openings preferably distributed over its entire length for spreading the liquid manure preferably over the entire width of the straw bed, as diagrammatically indicated by outflow arrows 20. For this purpose, the outflow pipe 19 may be provided with holes and / or slits and / or overflows as outflow openings.

[0058] In order to ensure that the outflow pressure to the outflow openings is as uniform as possible, the distribution piping system 18 has a main pipe 21 connected to the liquid fertilizer pump 16 and leading to a first pipe branch 21a approximately in the center of the distribution cross beam 9, from which intermediate pipes 22 branch off, which extend again in the direction of the main pipe 21 at the first intermediate pipe section 22a and connect to a second pipe branch 22b, and at the second intermediate pipe section 22c and connect to a third pipe branch 22d, extending away from the main pipe 21, where longitudinal pipes 23 are connected to each of the second pipe branch 22b and the third pipe branch 22c, which extend over partial areas on the left and right of the distribution cross beam 9 in the longitudinal direction of the distribution cross beam 9, in this example extending over approximately one-half to one-third of the length of the distribution cross beam 9. These longitudinal pipes 23 are connected to the outlet pipe 19 at intervals by riser pipes 24, which in this example are vertical. At least some of the pipes 21, 22, 23, 24 of the distribution piping system 18 may also be provided with motor-driven or manually operated valves (not shown) for adjustment purposes.

[0059] Mixing and agitating elements 25, in particular in the form of mixing screws and / or mixing paddles, are arranged on the distribution cross beam 9 and can be extended downwards, moved laterally and driven in controlled rotation in order to mix and loosen the straw bed 6, three of which are shown side by side as an example in Figure 1.

[0060] Furthermore, at least one, here for example only one, additive material reservoir 26 is arranged on the distribution cross beam 9, which can be filled and replenished with additive material from a comparatively much larger fixed additive material stockpile reservoir 27 via a filling pipe 28.

[0061] In this example, the additive material reservoir 26 is connected to the main pipe 21 of the piping flow system 18, specifically at a position downstream or subsequent to the liquid fertilizer pump 16, via a controllable injection member (here shown in very simplified form as an injection screw 30) which constitutes a dosing outlet and additive material conveying device.

[0062] The filling or refilling of the additive material from the additive material stockpile reservoir 27 into the additive material reservoir 26 is carried out here, for example by a control and / or regulating device (not explicitly shown), only at the longitudinal ends of the composting basin 2 in this example, when the distribution cross beam 9 is in a stopping and resting position in the area of ​​the additive material stockpile reservoir 27. Such stopping positions can be transmitted to the additive material refill controller via limit switches (not shown) of the distribution cross beam 9 travel controller (also not explicitly shown). Likewise, a fill state detector 31 can be arranged in the additive material reservoir 26, which transmits a refill request, in particular wirelessly, to a refill controller 32 of the additive material stockpile reservoir 27.

[0063] 2 shows a simplified schematic diagram of an example of a control and / or regulating device for precisely dosing a predetermined amount of additive material conveyed from an additive material reservoir 26 into the organic fermentation product, in this case liquid fertilizer, conveyed in the main pipe 21 of the distribution pipe system 18. This control and / or regulating device may of course also be a control and / or regulating device for the controlled movement of the distribution cross beam 9 above the straw bed 6. This control and / or regulating device is therefore preferably suitable and designed for the controlled movement of the distribution cross beam 9 above the straw bed and at the same time for the controlled conveyance of liquid fertilizer 33 from the liquid fertilizer reservoir by means of the liquid fertilizer pump 16 and of additive material 43 from at least one additive material reservoir by means of an additive material conveying device, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0064] In particular, the liquid fertilizer pump 16 is operated by, for example, an electric motor as a drive unit and a pump controller 34. In order to distribute the fermentation product, here liquid fertilizer (schematically indicated by arrows 33), uniformly, the pump controller 34 takes into account several parameters, in particular a predetermined distribution amount 35 associated with the drive state 36 of the distribution cross beam 9. This determines the pump speed 37 at which the liquid fertilizer pump 16 is driven depending on the process. The respective pump speed 37 can be used as a measure of the amount of liquid fertilizer delivered. Alternatively, a separate flow rate measuring device can be used.

[0065] The pump speed of the liquid fertilizer pump 16 is supplied here as a quantity measurement signal (arrow 37) to a ratio controller 38, which sets the adjusted percentage addition rate for the additive material from the additive material reservoir 26. A corresponding dosage signal (arrow 39) is supplied as a setpoint to a dosing regulator 40, which operates a dosing element 42 (shown here simply as a control valve) with an output control signal (arrow 41), so that the additive material (arrow 43) is added to the liquid fertilizer (arrow 33) at a mixing point 44.

[0066] As can be seen only very diagrammatically in Figure 3, which shows a partial side view of the composting plant 1 of Figure 1, a feeding device may be provided at the bottom of the composting tank 2, which allows the structural material bed 6, controlled via a control and / or regulating device, to be moved across the composting tank 2 in the feeding direction, preferably in a continuous manner, at a feeding rate of 1 to 5 meters per day. The feeding device is here constituted in particular by a conveyor bed 45 in the form of a conveyor belt. However, alternatively or additionally, the feeding device may also be constituted by a screw conveyor which constitutes the mixing and stirring element 25. As shown in Figure 3, these are inclined towards the vertical when viewed in the conveying direction.

[0067] The additive materials used to improve compost production and quality are, for example, macronutrients such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), etc. Alternatively or in addition, the additive materials may be composed of at least one of the following micronutrients: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), and nonmetallic elements such as chlorine (Cl) and boron (B).

[0068] [Example] In the composting plant 1, 1 m of kieselite containing 27% magnesium oxide (MgO) was added. 3 The liquid fertilizer is mixed with the fertilizer at a ratio of 3 kg as an additive and fed directly to the mixing and stirring member 25 or incorporated into the straw bed 6. This forms a MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) complex, which can fix 60 to 80% of the nitrogen in the liquid fertilizer or straw bed.

[0069] Composting plant 1 has a tank capacity of m 3 It is designed to use about 12.5 liters of liquid fermentation product (liquid fertilizer) per day. If the tank is 200m long, about 20m wide, and the filling height of the structural material is 1.7m, it will produce about 30,000 tons of organic fermentation product or liquid fertilizer per year, and the compost production with 50% to 55% dry matter (dry substance) will be about 9,000 to 10,000 tons per year. For the above 30,000 tons of fermentation product per year, about 5,000 to 6,000 tons of structural material (straw) will be consumed per year, and about 9,000 to 10,000 tons of compost with 50% to 55% dry matter will be produced per year. [Explanation of symbols]

[0070] 1. Composting Plant 2 Composting tank 3 Bottom plate 4 side wall 5 side wall 6 Straw beds as structural beds 7 holes 8 Hole Roof 9 Distribution crossbeam 10 Longitudinal guide rail 11 Longitudinal guide rail 12 Guide member 13 Guide member 14 Double Arrow 15 Double Arrow 16 Liquid manure pump or fermentation product conveying device 17 Piping connections 18 Distribution piping system or distribution system 19 Outlet piping 20 Outflow Arrow 21 Main piping 21a First piping branch 22 Intermediate piping 22a 1st intermediate piping section 22b Second piping branch 22c 2nd intermediate piping section 22d Third piping branch 23 Longitudinal piping 24 Rising piping 25 Mixing and stirring member 26 Additive material storage container 27 Additive material storage tank 28 Filling piping 30 feeding screw 31 Filling status detector 32 Replenishment Controller 33 Arrow 34 Pump Controller 35 Spreading amount 36 Driving status 37 Arrow 38 Ratio adjuster 39 Arrow 40 Dosing regulator 41 Arrow 42 Insertion material 43 Arrow 44 Mixed Points 45 Conveyor Floor

Claims

1. A composting plant (1), comprising: a bed (6) of organic structural material, preferably a bed (6) of organic structural material introduced into the composting tank (2), at least one distribution system (18) for an organic fermentation product (33) and an additive material (43) different from said organic fermentation product, preferably said additive material being suitable and / or designed to fix and / or bind volatile and / or leachable compounds, preferably nitrogen-containing compounds and / or phosphorus-containing compounds and / or potassium-containing compounds and / or magnesium-containing compounds and / or sulfur-containing compounds, and to retain these compounds within said structural material bed (6); a control and / or regulation device is provided, by which the at least one distribution system (18) can be controlled to distribute the organic fermentation product (33) in a predetermined amount at a predetermined time and / or the additive material (43) in a predetermined amount at a predetermined time onto and / or into the bed of structural material (6) in a controlled manner; A composting plant characterized by:

2. 2. A composting plant according to claim 1, characterized in that said at least one distribution system (18) is movable above said bed of structural material (6), preferably movable above said bed of structural material (6) under the control of at least one control and / or regulating device.

3. the at least one distribution system (18) is connected or connectable to at least one fermentation product reservoir for an organic fermentation product (33), from which the organic fermentation product (33) can be transferred to the distribution system (1); 3. A composting plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one distribution system (18) is connected or connectable to at least one additive material reservoir (26) for additive material (43), from which the additive material (43) can be transferred to the distribution system (18).

4. 4. The composting plant of claim 3, characterized in that at least one conveying device (16, 42) is provided, by means of which the organic fermentation product (33) can be conveyed from at least one fermentation product reservoir and at least one additive material reservoir (26) to the distribution system (18), preferably at least one fermentation product conveying device (16) is provided, by means of which the organic fermentation product (33) can be conveyed from at least one fermentation product reservoir to the distribution system (18), and at least one additive material conveying device (42) is provided, by means of which additive material can be conveyed from the at least one additive material reservoir (26) to the distribution system (18).

5. 5. A composting plant according to claim 4, characterized in that at least one control and / or regulating device is suitable and designed for controlled movement of the distribution system (18) above the structural material bed (6) and simultaneously controlled conveyance of organic fermentation product (33) from the at least one fermentation product reservoir and / or added material (43) from the at least one added material reservoir (26) by means of the at least one fermentation product conveying device (16).

6. 6. A composting plant according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that a single distribution system (18) is provided, which constitutes both the distribution system (18) for the organic fermentation product (33) and the distribution system for the additive material (43), or in that separate distribution systems (18) are provided for the organic fermentation product (33) and the additive material (43).

7. 7. The composting plant according to claim 6, characterized in that a mixing device is provided upstream of the at least one distribution system, in which the additive material (43) can be added to the organic fermentation product (33) in a controlled manner and locally in a predetermined ratio upstream of and before the organic fermentation product (33) is supplied to the at least one distribution system (18), thereby allowing a mixture of the fermentation product and the additive material to be supplied to the at least one distribution system (18).

8. 7. A composting plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the at least one distribution system (18), preferably the single distribution system (18), comprises and / or constitutes a mixing device, which is suitable and designed to mix the additive material (43) with the organic fermentation product (33) in a controlled manner and in a predetermined ratio before, preferably just before and / or during the application of the organic fermentation product (33), thereby distributing a mixture of fermentation product and additive material on and / or in the structural material bed (6).

9. 7. A composting plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the separate distribution systems (18) for the organic fermentation products (33) and for the additive materials (43) are suitable and designed for separate distribution of the additive materials (43) and the organic fermentation products (33) onto and / or in the structural material bed (6).

10. 10. A composting plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the at least one distribution system (18) has at least one distribution cross beam (9) which straddles the composting tank (2) and / or the structural material bed (6) at least in a partial area, preferably completely, above the structural material bed (6) and is movable above the structural material bed (6) in a controlled manner by at least one control and / or regulating device.

11. 11. A composting plant according to claim 10, characterized in that it is provided with a single distribution cross beam (9) with a single distribution system (18) or with a plurality of distribution cross beams (9) each with a distribution system (18).

12. The composting tank (2) preferably has a plate-shaped bottom wall (3) and two vertical side walls (4, 5) that are preferably parallel and that laterally divide the bottom wall (3), 12. A composting plant according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the at least one distribution crossbeam (9) is supported on both sides by longitudinal guide rails (10, 11) with guide elements (12, 13) on the side walls (4, 5) and is movable in a controlled manner along the side walls (4, 5).

13. the at least one additive material reservoir (26) is not part of the distribution system (18) and / or is fixedly located outside the composting tank (2); 13. A composting plant according to any one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that the at least one additive material reservoir (26) is connected to the distribution system (18) by a pipe connection and / or a channel connection, preferably permanently and / or closably.

14. 13. A composting system according to any one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that the at least one additive material reservoir (26) forms part of the distribution system (18), preferably the at least one additive material reservoir (26) is arranged on the distribution system (18), and most preferably the at least one additive material reservoir (26) is arranged on the distribution crossbeam (9) so as to be movable together with the distribution crossbeam.

15. At least one, preferably stationary, storage reservoir (27) for additional material, preferably a storage tank, is provided in the area outside the composting tank (2); 15. The composting plant of claim 14, wherein the distribution system (18), movable above the structural material bed (6), has a controllable stop in the region of the at least one additive material stockpile reservoir (27), preferably at the longitudinal end of the composting tank (2), at which stop the additive material reservoir (26), movable together with the distribution system (18), can be filled from the at least one corresponding additive material stockpile reservoir (27), preferably by means of at least one filling channel (28) connectable to the additive material reservoir (26).

16. the at least one fermentation product reservoir is not part of the distribution system and / or is fixedly located outside the composting tank; 16. The composting plant according to any one of claims 3 to 15, characterized in that the at least one fermentation product reservoir is connected to the distribution system (18), preferably permanently and / or closably, by a pipe connection and / or a channel connection.

17. 17. The composting plant according to claim 16, characterized in that the at least one fermentation product reservoir is connected to the distribution system via at least one hose and / or piping channel, preferably with a length adapted to the respective movement path of the distribution system (18).

18. 18. A composting plant according to claim 16 or claim 17, characterized in that a hose reel is provided, which is preferably arranged on the distribution system (18), most preferably on the distribution crossbeam (9), the hose reel comprising a reelable and unreelable hose, preferably a dimensionally stable reelable and unreelable hose, through which the organic fermentation product can pass in both the reeled and unreeled state.

19. 19. The composting plant according to any one of claims 3 to 18, characterized in that the at least one fermentation product reservoir or the at least one further fermentation product reservoir constitutes part of the distribution system (18), preferably the at least one fermentation product reservoir or the at least one further fermentation product reservoir is arranged on the distribution system (18), most preferably the at least one fermentation product reservoir or the at least one further fermentation product reservoir is arranged on the distribution crossbeam (9) so as to be movable together with the distribution crossbeam.

20. 20. A composting plant according to claim 19, characterized in that at least one, preferably stationary, fermentation product storage reservoir, preferably a storage tank, is provided in the area outside the composting tank (2), and preferably the distribution system (18), which is movable above the structural material bed (6), has a controllable stop in the area of ​​the at least one fermentation product storage reservoir, preferably at the longitudinal end of the composting tank (2), at which stop the fermentation product storage reservoir, which is movable together with the distribution system (18), can be filled from the at least one corresponding fermentation product storage reservoir, preferably by means of at least one filling channel which can be connected to the fermentation product storage reservoir.

21. the distribution system (18) is designed as a distribution piping system, 21. A composting plant according to any one of claims 10 to 20, characterized in that the distribution system (18) has at least one outlet pipe (19) extending over at least a part of the length of the distribution cross beam (9), which outlet pipe is provided with at least one outlet device, preferably with a plurality of outlet devices spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction, or alternatively the distribution cross beam (9) is constituted by at least one outlet pipe (19), which outlet pipe is provided with at least one outlet device, preferably with a plurality of outlet devices spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction.

22. 10. The composting plant according to claim 1, wherein the distribution system (18) comprises at least one mixing and stirring member (25) penetrating the bed of structural material (6), preferably a plurality of mixing and stirring members (25) spaced apart from one another and penetrating the bed of structural material (6), wherein the at least one mixing and stirring member (25) penetrating the bed of structural material (6) is preferably arranged in the distribution system (18), preferably in a distribution cross beam (9), most preferably in the outlet pipe (19) of the distribution system (18) designed as a distribution pipe system.

23. 23. The composting plant of claim 22, characterized in that the distribution system (18), preferably the outflow device, is adapted and designed at least in part to supply, preferably to sprinkle or directly dose, the additive material and the organic fermentation product (33) or the mixture of the fermentation product and the additive material to said at least one mixing and stirring member (25).

24. 24. A composting plant according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the at least one mixing and stirring element (25) is constituted by a mixing screw and / or a mixing paddle.

25. 10. A composting plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a feeding device is provided by means of which the bed of structural material (6) is movable along a feeding direction across the composting tank (2), preferably controlled via a control and / or regulating device, preferably in a continuous processing manner, and suitably at a feeding rate of 1 to 5 meters per day.

26. 26. A composting plant according to claim 25, characterized in that the feeding device is constituted by a conveyor bed (45), in particular in the form of a conveyor belt, and / or by at least one screw conveyor, preferably by a screw conveyor which simultaneously constitutes at least one mixing and stirring element (25).

27. 27. A composting plant according to claim 26, characterized in that the at least one screw conveyor is inclined towards the vertical direction, as viewed in the conveying direction, preferably inclined forward in the corresponding direction of rotation relative to the vertical, and / or the two screw conveyors form a pair of screw conveyors in the form of a twin-screw extruder, preferably with several pairs of screw conveyors spaced apart from one another.

28. 28. A composting plant according to any one of claims 21 to 27, characterized in that the distribution system (18) comprises a main pipe (21) connected to an outflow pipe (19) via a branched pipe channel system, preferably via a multi-branched pipe channel system.

29. 29. The composting plant according to any one of claims 4 to 28, characterized in that the at least one additive material reservoir (26) comprises a controllable dosing element as an additive material conveying device (42), by means of which the additive material (43) can be discharged from the additive material reservoir (26) in a controlled manner, preferably the controllable dosing element being a dosing screw, and / or the at least one additive material reservoir (26) has a dosing outlet connected to an inlet of the distribution system (18) and / or in which the controllable dosing element is arranged.

30. the at least one fermentation product conveying device (16) is located at the inlet of the distribution system (18); 30. The composting plant of claim 29, characterized in that in the case of a common distribution system (18) for the organic fermentation product (33) and the additive material (43), the dosing outlet of the additive material reservoir (26) is connected to the distribution system (18) downstream of the fermentation product conveying device (16).

31. 31. The composting plant according to claim 4, further comprising a flow measuring device adapted and designed to measure the fermentation product flow rate when the fermentation product conveying device (16) is in operation and to supply a corresponding quantity measurement signal (37) to a ratio regulator (38) of the controlling and / or regulating device, the output signal of which is a setpoint (39) for a regulating element (40) of the controlling and / or regulating device, the regulating element (40) preferably controlling a controllable dosing element (30, 42) as an additive material conveying device, the dosing element being adapted and designed to discharge the additive material (43) from the additive material reservoir (26) at a predetermined rate, and / or the regulating element (40) controlling the fermentation product conveying device (16), the fermentation product conveying device being adapted and designed to discharge the organic fermentation product (33) from the fermentation product reservoir at a predetermined rate.

32. 32. The composting plant according to claim 4, further comprising a temperature measuring device adapted and designed to measure the temperature of the structural material in the structural material bed with or without the addition of additive material and to supply a corresponding temperature signal to a rate adjuster (38) of the controlling and / or regulating device, the output signal of which is a setpoint (39) for a regulating element (40) of the controlling and / or regulating device, the regulating element (40) preferably controlling a controllable dosing element (30, 42) as an additive material conveying device, the dosing element being adapted and designed to discharge the additive material (43) from the additive material reservoir (26) at a predetermined rate, and / or the regulating element (40) controlling the fermentation product conveying device (16), the fermentation product conveying device being adapted and designed to discharge the organic fermentation product (33) from the fermentation product reservoir at a predetermined rate.

33. 10. A composting plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the organic fermentation product is a liquid organic fermentation product, preferably a liquid manure, or is mainly a liquid manure, and / or the organic structural material consists of straw, or is mainly composed of straw.

34. 10. A composting plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive material (43) comprises or consists of magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieselite, most preferably kieselite containing 20% ​​to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), which can be added to organic fermentation products containing nitrogen and phosphorus, preferably liquid fertilizer, to form MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) or struvite.

35. 10. A composting plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive material (43) is vegetable charcoal, preferably produced by pyrolytic carbonization of plant starting material, suitably constituted as charcoal or comprising such charcoal.

36. A method for operating a composting plant (1), in particular a method for operating a composting plant according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: a bed (6) of organic structural material, preferably a bed (6) of organic structural material introduced into the composting tank (2), at least one distribution system (18) for the organic fermentation product (33); at least one distribution system (18) for an organic fermentation product (33) and an additive material (43) different from said organic fermentation product, preferably said additive material being suitable and / or designed to fix and / or bind volatile and / or leachable compounds, preferably nitrogen-containing compounds and / or phosphorus-containing compounds and / or potassium-containing compounds and / or magnesium-containing compounds and / or sulfur-containing compounds, and to retain these compounds within said structural material bed (6); 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising a control and / or regulation device for controlling said at least one distribution system (18) to control the distribution of said organic fermentation product (33) in a defined amount at a defined time and / or the distribution of said additive material (43) in a defined amount at a defined time onto and / or in said bed of structural material (6).

37. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the organic fermentation product (33) and the additive material (43) are added sequentially onto and / or into the structural material bed (6), overlapping in time or simultaneously.

38. 38. The method according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that the additive material (43) comprises or consists of magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieselite, most preferably kieselite containing 20% ​​to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), and is added to a nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing organic fermentation product, preferably liquid fertilizer, to form MAP (magnesium ammonium phosphate) or struvite.

39. Magnesium oxide (MgO), preferably kieselite, most preferably kieselite containing 20% ​​to 30% magnesium oxide (MgO), is added to the organic fermentation product containing nitrogen and phosphorus, and the m of the organic fermentation product is ３ 1 kg to 6 kg, preferably 2 kg to 5 kg, most preferably 3 kg of additive material is added per 1000 ml of water.

39. The composting plant of claim 38.

40. 40. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 39, characterized in that when the fermentation product conveying device (16) is in operation, the fermentation product flow rate can be measured by a separate flow rate measuring device, and a corresponding quantity measurement signal (37) can be supplied to a ratio regulator (38), the output signal of which is a set value (39) for a regulating element (40), whereby the additive material (43) and the organic fermentation product (33) are mixed or discharged in a predetermined ratio.

41. 41. The method of claim 40, characterized in that the fermentation product flow rate can be measured by a separate flow rate measuring device and / or can be derived from the measured pump speed when the fermentation product pump as the fermentation product supply device (16) is operating.

42. 42. The method according to any one of claims 36 to 41, characterized in that the temperature of the structural material in the structural material bed with or without the inoculation of the additive material can be measured by a separate temperature measuring device, and a corresponding temperature measurement signal (37) can be supplied to a ratio controller (38), the output signal of which is a set value (39) for an adjusting element (40), whereby the additive material (43) is mixed or released into the organic fermentation product (33) in a predetermined ratio.

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