Wearable devices for monitoring physiological functions

Abstract

An electronic monitoring wearable device is provided that includes one or more sensors configured to noninvasively measure one or more parameters of a user. The device may include a housing, a motion sensor positioned within the housing configured to generate one or more signals based on a user's lying position, a display near a top portion of the housing that includes at least one display element responsive to a magnitude of a health risk associated with the user's lying position, one or more other sensors or user inputs, and one or more hardware processors configured to receive the one or more motion signals, determine the user's lying position relative to a surface in response to the one or more motion signals, determine a magnitude of the health risk responsive to the user's lying position, and alter the appearance of the at least one display element responsive to the health risk.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Incorporation by reference of priority applications This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 374,519, filed September 2, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 371,339, filed August 12, 2022. All of the above applications and any and all other applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim is specified in an Application Data Sheet filed with this application are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 CFR § 1.57.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of patient monitoring. More specifically, the present disclosure describes devices, methods, and / or systems for monitoring and / or displaying information regarding, among other things, a patient's position, orientation, movement, and / or physiological condition. [Background technology]

[0003] In clinical settings such as hospitals, nursing homes, convalescent homes, skilled nursing facilities, surgical recovery centers, and the like, patients are frequently bedridden for extended periods of time. At times, patients are unconscious or sedated to the point that their ability to change or control their position in bed is limited. Such patients may be at risk for developing pressure sores, which pose a significant threat to their health and well-being. Pressure sores, which may also be referred to as "bed sores," "pressure sores," and "pressure ulcers," involve damage to a patient's skin and often the underlying tissues due to prolonged pressure on an area of ​​the patient's body. Pressure sores frequently develop on the skin overlying bony areas of the body, where there is little underlying muscle and / or fat tissue to distribute pressure. Pressure sores can develop when such skin is exposed to prolonged contact with the surface of a bed or chair.

[0004] A proven procedure for patients at risk for developing pressure ulcers is to follow a turning protocol in which the patient is regularly repositioned, or "turned," to redistribute pressure forces on various parts of the patient's body. Individuals at risk for pressure ulcers are turned on a regular basis. Patients are typically turned every two hours at a specific incline, a regularity that minimizes the amount of friction and shear forces on the patient's skin. A turning log may be maintained and contain important information such as time of day, body position, and outcome. However, turning protocols do not take into account position changes made by the patient between defined turning intervals, which are not typically observed or recorded. Therefore, in some situations, the activities of following a turning protocol may have unintended negative clinical effects.

[0005] Healthcare professionals employ a variety of medical devices (e.g., physiological sensors) that interact with patient monitoring devices that display significant amounts of patient health information. Such information is typically displayed on handheld or fixed monitoring devices with limited visual "real estate." Often, if not always, multiple patients are monitored at once. Furthermore, such health information is constantly changing for multiple patients simultaneously, making it more difficult for healthcare professionals to locate, evaluate, and respond to specific health information for a particular patient. Because healthcare professionals are under significant time constraints and have little time to devote to monitoring, responding, and / or treating each individual patient for which they are responsible, it is very difficult for healthcare professionals to quickly obtain information regarding a patient's position at any given time, let alone evaluate such information and determine whether the patient's position needs to be adjusted. Even a slight increase in healthcare professionals' speed in such situations can significantly reduce the likelihood that a patient will develop a pressure ulcer and / or enable healthcare professionals to provide potentially life-saving treatment. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Despite the importance of monitoring information regarding a patient's position, physiological function, and / or risks associated with such information and making such information easily accessible to healthcare professionals, commonly used devices, methods, and / or systems for this purpose are lacking or non-existent. This disclosure describes, among other things, implementations of wearable devices, methods, and / or systems for monitoring, displaying, or otherwise indicating a patient's position, a patient's physiological parameters, and / or risks associated with such patient information. Such wearable devices, methods, and / or systems advantageously provide healthcare professionals with actionable patient information in an easy-to-interpret format, which can ultimately improve the standard of care provided to patients. Such patient information can include, among other things, a patient's position over time, risks associated with the patient's position, body temperature, cardiac activity and / or function, pulmonary activity and / or function, and / or body sounds. As an example, rather than relying on a patient monitor that may be detached from the patient and / or may have trouble connecting to a patient-worn device or system to assess risks associated with a patient's position and / or such patient information, a wearable device described herein can provide such information directly from a wearable device that may be secured to the patient (e.g., secured to the patient's body). Such a wearable device can provide patient information that is easily accessible to healthcare professionals and / or the patient themselves. Advantageously, the wearable devices described herein can perform these functions wirelessly, freeing the patient from being tethered to cabling. Additionally, the devices, methods, and / or systems described herein can provide a patient (which may also be referred to herein as a “user,” “subject,” or “wearer”) with a way to call for help, such as help from a healthcare professional (which may also be referred to herein as a “caregiver,” “nurse,” or “doctor”), and / or a way to quickly contact the caregiver, e.g., to request that the healthcare professional attend to the patient.Some implementations of such devices may be configured to attach to the surface of, for example, a hospital bed, to allow the device to be conveniently positioned with respect to the patient. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Some implementations of the disclosed wearable devices (or portions of such devices) are disposable, thereby reducing the risk of cross-contamination between multiple users. Some implementations of the disclosed wearable devices (or portions of such devices) are waterproof, thereby minimizing disruption to a user's normal activities (e.g., showering). Some implementations of the disclosed wearable devices include two separable components (which may also be referred to as "separate portions"). In such implementations, a first of the components may be configured to secure to a portion of a user (e.g., the user's skin), and a second of the components may be configured to secure (e.g., removably secure) to the first component. In some implementations, the first and second components are configured such that separation between them is inhibited or prevented when the first component is secured to the user, but is permitted when the first component is not secured to the user. Such implementations may be advantageous in scenarios where it is desirable to inhibit or prevent a user from interfering with the operation of the wearable device. In some implementations, the wearable device includes a button configured to transition the wearable device (or a portion thereof, such as the second component described above) between a non-operational mode and an operational mode. In some such implementations, such button is not accessible (e.g., by the user wearing the wearable device and / or another person, such as a healthcare provider) unless the first and second components are separated from one another. Such implementations can advantageously prevent a user (e.g., a child) from intentionally or unintentionally turning off the wearable device while it is secured to the user (which can ensure proper compliance in some situations).

[0008] Some implementations of the disclosed wearable devices are configured to monitor a user's position, posture, and / or movements. For example, implementations of the disclosed wearable devices may be configured to monitor a user's position relative to a surface (such as a bed), movement within an environment (number of steps and / or type and / or amount of movement), falls, and / or the like. Implementations of the wearable devices disclosed herein include motion sensors, which may include an inertial motion unit and / or one or more accelerometers and / or one or more gyroscopes, and data from such motion sensors may be utilized to determine a user's position, posture, and / or movements over time. Some implementations of the wearable devices disclosed herein can track the time a user spends in (and / or not in) one or more of a plurality of lying positions (e.g., right lateral position, left lateral position, supine position, among others) and illustrate the user's lying position history and / or trends on a display of the wearable device (e.g., which may be located on an exterior portion of the wearable device). Additionally, some implementations of the wearable devices disclosed herein can display or otherwise indicate risks associated with the user's lying position.The wearable devices described herein may be used in conjunction with U.S. Patent No. 11,406,286, filed October 10, 2019, entitled "PATIENT MONITORING DEVICE WITH IMPROVED USER INTERFACE," U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0045000, filed October 6, 2022, entitled "PATIENT MONITORING DEVICE WITH IMPROVED USER INTERFACE," U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 253324, filed October 7, 2021, entitled "PATIENT MONITORING DEVICE WITH IMPROVED USER INTERFACE," and U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 253324, filed October 7, 2021, entitled "SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PATIENT FALL," all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. The features of the present invention may be similar to or identical to, and / or incorporate, any of the features described with respect to any of the devices, assemblies, methods, and / or systems described and / or illustrated in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2021 / 0330200, filed July 5, 2021, entitled "METHOD DETECTION."

[0009] Some implementations of the disclosed wearable devices include multiple temperature sensors operatively positioned at different locations relative to each other and relative to the user's skin during use. Such a configuration may allow the temperature at each of these different locations to be determined and compared to each other. In some implementations, a thermal path (which may be referred to as a "heat flow path" or "heat flow path") between pairs of temperature sensors is defined by air and / or thermally conductive elements, which can provide additional information when thermal properties (e.g., thermal conductivity values) are known. Differences between measurements at various ones of the temperature sensors may be utilized to provide a more accurate estimate of the user's body temperature (e.g., core temperature). Some implementations include two pairs of temperature sensors aligned with each other, with one of each pair positioned far from the user's skin / body (when the wearable device is in use) and the other of each pair positioned near the user's skin / body. Some implementations include an air gap (which may act as a thermal insulator) between one such pair and a thermally conductive element (e.g., a metallic material) between the other such pair. The temperature values ​​determined based on each of the temperature sensors may be compared and utilized to approximate the user's internal body temperature. In various implementations, a thermally conductive probe may be utilized to transfer energy from a substrate of the wearable device (which may be in intimate contact with the user's skin) to and / or toward the aligned temperature sensors. The wearable devices described herein may be similar to, identical to, and / or incorporate any of the features described with respect to any of the devices, assemblies, methods, and / or systems described and / or illustrated in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, filed September 20, 2022, and entitled "SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PATIENT FALL DETECTION," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for all purposes.

[0010] Some implementations of the disclosed wearable devices are configured to monitor a user's body sounds, which may include the user's cardiac activity, pulmonary activity, snoring, wheezing, coughing, choking, and / or breathing, and / or the like. For example, some implementations of the wearable devices disclosed herein include a diaphragm configured to move (e.g., vibrate) in response to the user's body sounds (e.g., cardiac activity and / or pulmonary activity) to which the wearable device is attached, and such diaphragm movement (e.g., vibration) may generate sound waves within an interior portion of the wearable device. The sound waves generated by such diaphragms are detected by one or more microphones within or connected to such interior portion, which can generate one or more signals based on the detected sound waves. Such one or more signals may then be received by one or more hardware processors of the wearable device for determination of such body sounds and / or related functions (e.g., cardiac function and / or pulmonary function) of the user. The wearable devices described herein may be similar to or identical to and / or incorporate any of the features described with respect to any of the devices, assemblies, methods, and / or systems described and / or illustrated in U.S. Patent Application No. 61 / 547,007, filed October 13, 2011, entitled "PHYSIOLOGICAL ACOUSTIC MONITORING SYSTEM," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety and for all purposes.

[0011] Some implementations of the disclosed wearable devices are configured to monitor a user's electrocardiogram (ECG) activity. For example, some implementations of the wearable devices disclosed herein include a plurality of ECG electrodes configured to output one or more signals responsive to the user's cardiac electrical activity. Such a plurality of ECG electrodes may include one or more external electrodes and / or one or more internal electrodes. Such external electrodes may include a cable and an external ECG electrode configured to be secured to the user's body. Such one or more signals may then be received by one or more hardware processors of the wearable device for determination of the user's ECG. The wearable devices described herein may be similar to or identical to and / or incorporate any of the features described with respect to any of the devices, assemblies, methods, and / or systems described and / or illustrated in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2020 / 0329993, filed April 16, 2020, entitled "ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DEVICE," U.S. Patent Publication No. 2022 / 0233128, filed April 4, 2022, entitled "ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DEVICE," and U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 486456, filed February 2, 2023, entitled "ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DEVICE," which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and for all purposes.

[0012] Disclosed herein is a self-contained, adhesively removably attached electronic monitoring wearable device comprising: a housing having an interior, a top portion, and a bottom portion, the bottom portion configured to face a user during monitoring of one or more physiological parameters of the user; a motion sensor positioned within the interior of the housing configured to generate one or more signals based on a recumbent position of the user; a display near the top portion of the housing, the display comprising at least one display element responsive to a magnitude of a health risk associated with the recumbent position of the user; one or more other sensors or user inputs; and one or more hardware processors positioned within the interior of the housing, the one or more hardware processors configured to receive the one or more motion signals, determine a recumbent position of the user relative to a surface responsive to the one or more motion signals, determine a magnitude of a health risk in response to the user's recumbent position, and alter an appearance of the at least one display element in response to the health risk.

[0013] In the above device, or other implementations described herein, one or more of the following features may also be provided: In some implementations, the health risk depends at least in part on the amount of time the user is in the lying position; In some implementations, the time is non-contiguous; In some implementations, the one or more hardware processors are further configured to: for each respective one of a plurality of lying positions of the user relative to the surface, increase a value of a timer associated with the respective lying position when the user is in the respective lying position and decrease the value of the timer when the user is not in the respective lying position; determine a magnitude of the health risk for the respective lying position based at least in part on the value of the timer; and, for each respective one of a plurality of display elements of the display, modify an appearance of the respective one of the plurality of display elements based at least in part on a health risk associated with one of the plurality of lying positions. In some implementations, a first lying position of the plurality of lying positions is associated with a left lateral position of the user relative to the surface, a second lying position of the plurality of lying positions is associated with a right lateral position of the user relative to the surface, and a third lying position of the plurality of lying positions is associated with a supine position of the user relative to the surface. In some implementations, for each respective display element of a plurality of display elements of the display, the one or more hardware processors are further configured to: cause an appearance of the respective display element of the plurality of display elements to have a first color when a health risk is equal to or greater than a threshold; and cause an appearance of the respective portion of the plurality of portions to have a second color when a health risk is less than a threshold, the second color being different from the first color. In some implementations, the plurality of lying positions further include a plurality of lying positions between the first and second lying positions of the plurality of lying positions, including the third lying position. In some implementations, the health risk is associated with a combination of a plurality of factors. In some implementations, at least one of the factors is a physiological parameter of the user.In some implementations, the display has an arched shape.In some implementations, the display includes a boundary having at least a first edge and a second edge, and each of the plurality of display elements of the display includes a line or area extending between the first edge and the second edge of the boundary. In some implementations, the display illustrates only the health risk and does not include other information. In some implementations, the device includes a first portion configured to be attached to a user and a second portion configured to be removably secured to the first portion, the second portion including the housing. In some implementations, the first portion includes a frame and a substrate coupled to the frame, the substrate configured to be attached to a user.

[0014] In the above device, or other implementations described herein, one or more of the following features may also be provided: In some implementations, the bottom portion of the housing includes a first opening, and the device further includes a diaphragm operably positioned near the first opening in the bottom portion, wherein during monitoring, at least a portion of the diaphragm is configured to vibrate in response to at least one of cardiac and pulmonary activity of a user, and a communications module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device, wherein one or more other sensors or user inputs include an audio transducer positioned within the interior of the housing and outputting one or more transducer signals in response to the vibration of the diaphragm, and wherein one or more hardware processors are further configured to receive the one or more transducer signals, determine at least one of cardiac and pulmonary measurements in response to the one or more transducer signals, and wirelessly output data indicative of the determined parameters of the user to the separate device through the communications module.

[0015] In the above device, or other implementations described herein, one or more of the following features may also be provided: In some implementations, the one or more other sensors or user inputs include a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each configured to generate one or more first temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the first temperature sensor being operably positioned to be closer to the user during monitoring than the second temperature sensor, and a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each configured to generate one or more second temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the third temperature sensor being operably positioned to be closer to the user during monitoring than the fourth temperature sensor. and a fourth temperature sensor, the device further comprising: second and third openings in the bottom portion of the housing; a thermally conductive element including a portion positioned between the third and fourth temperature sensors; a first thermally conductive probe near the second opening of the housing and substantially aligned with the first temperature sensor; a second thermally conductive probe near the third opening of the housing and substantially aligned with the third temperature sensor; and a communications module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device, wherein one or more hardware processors are further configured to receive the first and second temperature signals, determine an indication of a body temperature in response to the first and second temperature signals, and wirelessly output the determined indication of the body temperature to the separate device through the communications module.

[0016] The above device, or other implementations described herein, may also provide one or more of the following features: In some implementations, the one or more other sensors or user inputs include a user input near a top portion of the housing, and the device further comprises a communications module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device, the one or more hardware processors further configured to receive one or more user input signals in response to the user input, and to wirelessly output, through the communications module to the separate device, one or more communication signals based on the received one or more user input signals.

[0017] In the above devices, or other implementations described herein, one or more of the following features may also be provided: In some implementations, the device further comprises a plurality of cables and corresponding external ECG electrodes, the external ECG electrodes configured to be attached to a user and to output one or more signals in response to the user's cardiac electrical activity, and one or more hardware processors further configured to receive the one or more signals from the external ECG electrodes in response to the user's cardiac electrical activity and to determine an ECG of the user in response to the one or more signals. In some embodiments, the device further comprises one or more internal ECG electrodes, the one or more internal ECG electrodes configured to output one or more signals in response to the user's cardiac electrical activity.

[0018] For purposes of summarizing the present disclosure, certain aspects, advantages, and novel features are described herein. It should be understood that not all such aspects, advantages, or features may be embodied in any particular implementation of the present disclosure, and one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize from this disclosure that there are numerous combinations of such aspects, advantages, or features herein.

[0019] Some features of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the drawings. The illustrated implementations are intended to illustrate, not limit, the implementations. Various features of different disclosed implementations can be combined to form additional implementations that are part of this disclosure. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a wearable device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a wearable device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 1C] 1A-1B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 1D] FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the wearable device of FIGS. 1A-1B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 1E] 1A-1B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 1F] 1A-1B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 1G] 1A-1B are end views of the wearable device of FIG. 1A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 1H] 1A-1B are end views of the wearable device of FIG. 1A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1C is a schematic block diagram of some features that may be included in the wearable device of FIGS. 1A-1B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3A] FIG. 1C is a top perspective view of the hub and dock of the wearable device of FIGS. 1A-1B separated from each other according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3B] FIG. 1C is a top perspective view of the hub and dock of the wearable device of FIGS. 1A-1B separated from each other according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4A] FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of the dock of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4B] FIG. 4 is a top perspective view of the dock of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4C] FIG. 3C is a side view of the dock of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4D] FIG. 4 is a bottom perspective view of the dock of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4E] FIG. 3C is an exploded view of the dock of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5A] FIG. 3C is a top perspective view of the hub of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5B] FIG. 3C is a top perspective view of the hub of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5C] FIG. 3C is a top view of the hub of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5D] FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the hub of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5E] FIG. 3C is a bottom perspective view of the hub of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5F] FIG. 4 is an end view of the hub of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5G] FIG. 3C is an exploded view of the hub of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5H] FIG. 3C is an exploded view of the hub of FIGS. 3A-3B according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5I] FIG. 5C is a bottom perspective view of a first portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5J] FIG. 5C is a bottom perspective view of a first portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5K] FIG. 5C is a top perspective view of a second portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5L] FIG. 5C is a bottom perspective view of a second portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5M] FIG. 5C is a bottom perspective view of a second portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5N]FIG. 5C is a top perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5O] FIG. 5C is a top perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5P] FIG. 5C is a top perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5Q] FIG. 5C is a bottom perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5R] FIG. 5C is a bottom, partially exploded perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5S] FIG. 5C is a top perspective view of a portion of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5T] FIG. 5C is a top perspective view of a portion of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5U] 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 5V] 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 5W] 5C-5D according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 5X] 5C-5D according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 5Y] 1A-1B as identified in FIG. 1D secured to the skin of a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5Z] 1A-1B as identified in FIG. 1D secured to the skin of a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 5AA] FIG. 1 is a close-up view of a portion of a wearable device having a display according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 6A] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a wearable device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 6B]FIG. 6B is a top view of the wearable device of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6C] FIG. 6B is a bottom view of the wearable device of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6D] FIG. 6B is a side view of the wearable device of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6E] 6B is a top view side view of the wearable device of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 6F] FIG. 6B is an end view of the wearable device of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6G] FIG. 6B is an end view of the wearable device of FIG. 6A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 7A] FIG. 6B is a top perspective view of the hub and dock of the wearable device of FIG. 6A separated from each other according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8A] FIG. 7B is a top perspective view of the hub of FIG. 7A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8B] FIG. 7B is a top perspective view of the hub of FIG. 7A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8C] FIG. 7B is a top view of the hub of FIG. 7A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8D] FIG. 7B is a bottom view of the hub of FIG. 7A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8E] FIG. 7B is a bottom perspective view of the hub of FIG. 7A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8F] FIG. 7B is an end view of the hub of FIG. 7A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8G] FIG. 7B is an exploded view of the hub of FIG. 7A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8H] FIG. 7B is an exploded view of the hub of FIG. 7A according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8I] FIG. 8C is a bottom perspective view of a first portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8J] FIG. 8C is a bottom perspective view of a first portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8K] FIG. 8C is a top perspective view of a second portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8L] FIG. 5C is a bottom perspective view of a second portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8M] FIG. 5C is a bottom perspective view of a second portion of the housing of the hub of FIGS. 5G-5H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8N] FIG. 8C is a top perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8O] FIG. 8C is a top perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8P] FIG. 8C is a top perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8Q] FIG. 8C is a bottom perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8R] FIG. 8C is a bottom, partially exploded perspective view of a third portion of the hub of FIGS. 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8S] 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 8T] 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 8U] 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 8V] 8G-8H according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 8W] 8G-8H show top, partially exploded perspective views of a portion of the hub. [Figure 8X] 8G-8H show bottom, partially exploded perspective views of a portion of the hub. [Figure 8Y] 8G-8H show top, partially exploded perspective views of a portion of the hub. [Figure 8Z] 8G-8H show top, partially exploded perspective views of a portion of the hub. [Figure 8AA] 8G-8H show bottom, partially exploded perspective views of a portion of the hub. [Figure 8AB]8C-8D according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8AC] 8C-8D according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8AD] 6C is a cross-sectional view through the wearable device of FIG. 6A as identified in FIG. 6C secured to the skin of a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8AE] 6C is a cross-sectional view through the wearable device of FIG. 6A as identified in FIG. 6C secured to the skin of a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the wearable device of FIG. 6A secured to the skin of a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the hub of the wearable device of FIG. 7A secured to the skin of a user according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11A] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a wearable device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 11B] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a wearable device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a medical personnel call device in an exemplary medical environment according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 13A] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 13B] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 13C] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 13D] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 13E] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] 1 is a schematic diagram of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 15A] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 15B] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 15C] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 15D] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 15E] 1A-1D are various views of a medical personnel call device according to aspects of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] Various features and advantages of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. The present disclosure extends to the particularly disclosed implementations and / or uses, as well as obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any particular implementation described below. Features of the illustrated implementations may be modified, combined, deleted, and / or substituted as would be apparent to one skilled in the art upon consideration of the principles disclosed herein.

[0022] Disclosed herein are wearable devices that can be used to measure, monitor, process, determine, display, and / or transmit (e.g., wirelessly) one or more parameters of a user (which may also be referred to herein as a “subject,” “patient,” or “wearer”). The wearable devices disclosed herein may be self-contained, adhesively removably attached electronic monitoring wearable devices. The one or more parameters of the user may include the user's position, posture, movement, and / or one or more physiological parameters. The user's position, posture, and / or movement may include the user's position relative to a surface such as a bed, the number of steps and / or type and / or amount of movement, falls, and / or the like, and movements within the user's environment. The user's physiological parameters may include body temperature (e.g., core temperature), cardiac activity and / or function, pulmonary activity and / or function, body sounds, and / or the like. The wearable devices disclosed herein may also include one or more user inputs (which may also be referred to herein as "user input devices") that enable a user to contact a medical professional (which may also be referred to herein as a "caregiver," "nurse," or "doctor"), make a phone call, and / or raise an alert.

[0023] 1A-1H illustrate various views of such a wearable device 1000. FIGS. 1A-1B are top perspective views of wearable device 1000, FIG. 1C is a top view of wearable device 1000, FIG. 1D is a bottom view of wearable device 1000, FIGS. 1E-1F are side views of wearable device 1000, and FIGS. 1G-1H are end views of wearable device 1000. Wearable device 1000 may be configured to be secured to the skin of a user's body (e.g., a portion of a user's body). For example, wearable device 1000 may be secured to the user's chest, such as over the user's manubrium, the broad upper portion of the sternum. In this position, wearable device 1000 is approximately centered with respect to the longitudinal axis of the user's body and placed near the user's center of gravity, a position useful for determining a user's lying position, for example, when the user is in bed. In such a position, wearable device 1000's display, if included, can also be advantageously positioned to facilitate viewing by the user's medical professional and / or the user. In addition to or as an alternative to placement on the user's chest, wearable device 1000 can be secured, affixed, or otherwise placed on various parts of the user's body. For example, wearable device 1000 can be secured to the user's back, or more specifically, secured between the user's shoulder blades or other parts of the user's back. Further examples of parts of the user's body to which wearable device 1000 can be secured include the torso, arms, neck, head, legs, and underarms (e.g., armpits), among others. The wearable device 1000 can be secured (e.g., removably secured) to the user's skin and can non-invasively measure, monitor, process, determine, display, and / or transmit (e.g., wirelessly) the user's position, posture, movement, and / or one or more physiological parameters using one or more sensors as described herein.Wearable device 1000 may also include one or more user inputs (e.g., buttons) that allow a user to contact medical personnel, make a phone call, and / or raise an alert as described herein. Additionally, wearable device 1000 may be in wireless communication with separate devices and / or systems (e.g., wirelessly transmit the user's physiological and / or other information to separate devices and / or systems continuously or periodically).

[0024] Wearable device 1000 may be affixed to a user's skin using any form of medically appropriate adhesive material. For example, a portion of wearable device 1000 may include an adhesive material (e.g., a medical adhesive) that may enable wearable device 1000 (or a portion thereof) to be secured (e.g., removably secured) to a user's skin. As another example, wearable device 1000 may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive coated or applied to a bottom surface or portion thereof of wearable device 1000 to secure wearable device 1000 to the user's skin. In another example, wearable device 1000 may be secured to a user's skin with an adhesive that covers and encases wearable device 1000 or at least a portion thereof. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many other materials and techniques may be used to affix wearable device 1000 to a user without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0025] 2 shows an example schematic block diagram of a wearable device 1000. The wearable device 1000 may include a hardware processor 1001, a storage device 1002, a communication module 1003, a battery 1004, an information element 1005, one or more temperature sensors 1006, a display 1007, a user input 1008, a status indicator 1009, a motion sensor 1010, one or more microphones (which may also be referred to herein as “audio transducers”) 1011, and / or one or more other sensors 1012.

[0026] Processor 1001 may be configured to, among other things, process data, execute instructions to perform one or more functions, and / or control operation of wearable device 1000. For example, processor 1001 may process physiological and / or other data (e.g., related to movement / lying position) obtained from wearable device 1000, and may execute instructions to perform functions related to storing and / or transmitting such physiological and / or other data. For example, processor 1001 may process received data.

[0027] The storage device 1002 may include one or more memory devices for storing data, including, but not limited to, dynamic and / or static random access memory (RAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and the like. Such stored data may be, for example, processed and / or unprocessed physiological data and / or other data obtained from the wearable device 1000.

[0028] The communications module 1003 can facilitate communications (via wired and / or wireless connections) between the wearable device 1000 (and / or its components) and separate devices, such as separate monitoring devices and / or mobile devices. For example, the communications module 1003 can be configured to enable the wearable device 1000 to communicate wirelessly with other devices, systems, and / or networks over any of a variety of communications protocols. The communications module 1003 can be configured to use any of a variety of wireless communications protocols, such as Wi-Fi (802.11x), Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-wave, cellular, infrared, near field communication (NFC), RFID, satellite transmission, proprietary protocols, combinations thereof, and the like. The communications module 1003 can enable data and / or instructions to be transmitted to and / or received from the wearable device 1000 and separate computing devices. The communications module 1003 may be configured to transmit (e.g., wirelessly) the processed and / or unprocessed physiological or other information to a separate computing device, which may include, among other devices, a mobile device (e.g., an iOS or Android-enabled smartphone, tablet, laptop), desktop computer, server, or other computing or processing device for display and / or further processing. Such a separate computing device may be configured to store and / or further process the received physiological and / or other information, display information indicative of or derived from the received information, and / or transmit the information—including displays, alarms, alerts, and notifications—to various other types of computing devices and / or systems that may be associated with a hospital, medical personnel (e.g., a primary care physician), and / or designee (e.g., an employer, school, friend, family member) authorized to access the user's data.As another example, the communications module 1003 of the wearable device 1000 may be configured to wirelessly transmit processed and / or unprocessed acquired physiological and / or other information (e.g., movement, posture, recumbency, and / or alignment data) from the wearable device 1000 to a mobile phone, which may include one or more hardware processors configured to execute an application that generates a graphical user interface that displays information representative of the processed or unprocessed physiological and / or other information acquired from the wearable device 1000. In some implementations, the communications module 1003 may transmit data to and / or receive data from a user's electronic medical record. In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 may be used for telemedicine. For example, a user may be sent home wearing the wearable device 1000, and the device may transmit data to the cloud so that it can be reviewed by a medical professional. The communications module 1003 may be embodied in one or more components that communicate with each other. The communication module 1003 may include a wireless transceiver, an antenna, and / or a near field communication (NFC) component, such as an NFC transponder 1233, described further below.

[0029] The battery 1004 can provide power for the hardware components of the wearable device 1000 described herein. The battery 1004 can be, for example, the battery 1232 described in more detail herein. The battery 1004 can be non-rechargeable. In such implementations, the battery life can be one week or more, two weeks or more, four weeks or more, two months or more, or longer or shorter than these durations. In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 can include a removable battery isolator configured to electrically isolate the battery 1004 from other electronic components of the wearable device 1000 until a user or medical professional desires to use the wearable device 1000. In some implementations, the battery 1004 can be rechargeable. For example, the battery 1004 can be a lithium battery, a lithium polymer battery, a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion polymer battery, a lead acid battery, a nickel cadmium battery, or a nickel metal hydride battery. Additionally or alternatively, wearable device 1000 may be configured to obtain power from a power source external to wearable device 1000. For example, wearable device 1000 may include or be configured to connect to a cable that can connect it to an external power source to power wearable device 1000. In implementations in which battery 1004 is rechargeable and / or wearable device 1000 is configured to connect to a power cable, wearable device 1000 (e.g., hub 1200) may include a port that receives such a power cable. Such a port may be positioned, for example, on a side, corner, or end of the wearable device (e.g., of hub 1200 of wearable device 1000 as described herein) and may operably connect such an external power source to battery 1004 and / or associated electronic components of wearable device 1000.In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 is configured for inductive charging and / or wireless charging.

[0030] Information element 1005 may be a memory storage element that stores, in non-volatile memory, information used to help maintain quality standards associated with wearable device 1000. Illustratively, information element 1005 may store information regarding whether wearable device 1000 has already been activated and whether wearable device 1000 has already been operating for an extended period of time, e.g., 4 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 5 days, 10 days, 20 days, etc. Information stored in information element 1005 may be used, for example, to help detect improper reuse of wearable device 1000.

[0031] The wearable device 1000 may include one or more temperature sensors 1006 that can continuously or periodically acquire temperature data of the user. Advantageously, in some implementations, the processor 1001 can compare temperature data from multiple temperature sensors 1006 to more accurately determine the user's body temperature (e.g., core temperature). Each of the one or more temperature sensors 1006 can generate one or more signals in response to detected thermal energy, and such one or more signals can be received by the processor 1001 for determining the user's body temperature value. Additionally or alternatively, each of the one or more temperature sensors 1006 can determine a temperature value and transmit such temperature value to the processor 1001 to determine the body temperature value. The one or more temperature sensors 1006 may be, for example, a thermistor or an integrated circuit (IC) temperature sensor. The wearable device 1000 may incorporate temperature sensors, associated structures, and / or associated methods of determining a user's temperature similar to or identical to those described and / or illustrated in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0032] The wearable device 1000 may include a motion sensor 1010 configured to monitor a user's movement and / or lying position (e.g., over time). The motion sensor 1010 may include an inertial motion unit and / or one or more accelerometers and / or one or more gyroscopes. The motion sensor 1010 may generate one or more signals in response to the detected user's movement and / or lying position. Such one or more signals may be received by the processor 1001 to determine the user's lying position relative to a surface over time. Further, the processor 1001 may determine a magnitude of risk associated with the user's lying position. In an example use case, the wearable device 1000 may be worn by a user determined to be at risk of forming one or more pressure sores, e.g., a user who is hospitalized for an extended period of time. The wearable device 1000 can continuously or periodically (e.g., every second) monitor the user's position and help determine whether the user is being repositioned frequently enough to reduce the user's risk of forming a pressure ulcer.

[0033] In implementations in which the motion sensor 1010 includes one or more accelerometers, measurements from such accelerometers may be used by the wearable device 1000 (e.g., by the processor 1001) to determine the user's movement and / or lying position. The accelerometers may measure and output signals related to the user's linear acceleration with respect to gravity along three axes (e.g., three mutually orthogonal axes). For example, one axis, referred to as "roll," may correspond to a longitudinal axis of the user's body and / or a longitudinal axis passing through the user's body (e.g., along the user's length and / or height). Thus, a roll-based measurement may be used to determine whether the user is in a prone (e.g., face down), supine (e.g., on their back), or side-lying position. Another reference axis of the accelerometers is referred to as "pitch." The pitch axis may correspond to placement around the user's waist (e.g., an axis extending between and / or through the user's waist). The pitch measurement may be used to determine whether the user is sitting up or lying down. The third reference axis of the accelerometer is referred to as "yaw." The yaw axis may correspond to the horizontal plane on which the user is positioned. When sleeping, the user may generally be supported by a surface structure that fixes the user's lying position relative to the yaw axis. Therefore, in some implementations, the yaw measurement is not used to determine the user's lying position when in bed. The three axes along which the accelerometer measures linear acceleration may be referred to as the "X," "Y," and "Z" axes.

[0034] The accelerometer may provide acceleration information along three axes and may provide acceleration information equivalent to inertial acceleration minus local gravitational acceleration. The accelerometer may be a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and may include a piezoresistor, among other implementations. The accelerometer may be a high-impedance charge-output or low-impedance charge-output accelerometer 1010. In some implementations, the accelerometer may be a triaxial accelerometer, and the output of the accelerometer may include three signals, each representing the acceleration measured along a particular axis. The output of the accelerometer may be an 8-bit, 12-bit, or any other suitable size output signal. The output of the accelerometer may be in analog or digital format. The accelerometer may be used to determine the posture and / or movement of a user to whom the wearable device 1000 is attached.

[0035] In implementations in which the motion sensor 1010 includes one or more gyroscopes, such gyroscopes may be three-axis digital gyroscopes with an angular resolution of 2 degrees and a sensor drift adjustment capability of 1 degree. The term three-axis gyroscope as used herein has a broad meaning known to those skilled in the art. The gyroscopes may provide outputs responsive to sensed angular rates of the wearable device 1000 (as affixed to a user) about three orthogonal axes corresponding to measurements of pitch, yaw, and roll (see, e.g., the description provided above). Those skilled in the art will appreciate that numerous other gyroscopes may be used within the wearable device 1000 without departing from the scope of the disclosure herein.

[0036] In some implementations described herein, one or more accelerometers and one or more gyroscopes may be integrated into a single hardware component that may be referred to as a motion sensor 1010 or inertial measurement unit (IMU). In some implementations, such a motion sensor 1010 or IMU may also include an embedded processor that handles, among other things, signal sampling, buffering, sensor calibration, and / or sensor fusion processing of the sensed inertial data. In other implementations, the processor 1001 may perform these functions. In still other implementations, the sensed inertial data is minimally processed by components of the wearable device 1000 and transmitted to an external device and / or system for further processing, thereby minimizing the complexity, power consumption, and / or cost of the wearable device 1000, all or part of which may be a single-use disposable product.

[0037] The accelerometer and / or gyroscope of motion sensor 1010 can be similar to or identical to any of the accelerometers and gyroscopes disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 11,406,286, which is incorporated herein by reference. Wearable device 1000 (e.g., via processor 1001) may be configured to determine a user's position (e.g., with respect to a bed or other surface) in a similar or identical manner as described with respect to any of the devices and / or systems disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 11,406,286, which is incorporated herein by reference. Additionally or alternatively, wearable device 1000 (e.g., via processor 1001) may be configured to determine a user's position and / or whether the user has fallen as described with respect to any of the devices and / or systems disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2021 / 0330200, which is incorporated herein by reference. The wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) can communicate (e.g., wirelessly transmit physiological and / or other data) with a separate device such as a patient monitor similar to any of those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 11,406,286 and / or U.S. Patent Publication No. 2021 / 0330200, which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0038] In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 includes a display 1007. In some implementations, the display 1007 displays physiological parameters and / or other information determined by the wearable device 1000 (e.g., information related to the user's exercise and / or lying position). In some implementations, the display 1007 only displays information related to the user's lying position and / or only displays a graphical representation of the user's lying position, and does not display any information related to the user's physiological parameters (e.g., does not display information related to the user's pulse rate, oxygen saturation, temperature, cardiac activity, and / or pulmonary activity). A display 1262 illustrated in at least FIGS. 5A-5C and described further herein may be one implementation of the display 1007. The display 1262 is also shown in FIG. 5AA. Display 1262 may graphically illustrate (e.g., via color) the amount of time the user spends in various lying positions, such as right lateral position, left lateral position, supine position, among others. In some implementations, display 1262 may graphically illustrate the magnitude of health risks associated with the user's lying position. Display 1262 may be similar to or identical to any of the displays shown and / or described in U.S. Pat. No. 11,406,286, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0045000, and / or U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 253324, which are incorporated herein by reference. Further, the determination of the magnitude of the health risk associated with the user's supine position (e.g., for a display such as on display 1007, 1262) may be similar or identical to that described in U.S. Patent No. 11,406,286, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0045000, and / or U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 253324.

[0039] In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) receives one or more signals generated by the motion sensor 1010 in response to the user's linear acceleration and / or receives one or more signals generated by the motion sensor 1010 in response to the user's angular velocity, determines the user's position relative to a surface (e.g., a bed) over time based on the received one or more signals, and alters the appearance of the display 1007, 1262 over time based on the determined position. This can provide the user and / or healthcare professionals with information to assess the risk of pressure ulcer formation (and when and how the user should be repositioned), which is common among users in healthcare environments, among other things.

[0040] In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) associates a timer with each of a plurality of lying positions (e.g., with respect to a bed) of the user. Such a plurality of lying positions can include, for example, a right lateral position, a left lateral position, a supine position, a prone position, a plurality of lying positions between the right lateral position and the left lateral position, and / or a plurality of lying positions between the supine position and the prone position. In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) changes the value of the timer associated with each lying position in a first manner when the user is in each lying position and changes the value of the timer associated with each lying position in a second manner when the user is not in each lying position. For example, in some implementations, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) increments the value of a timer associated with each lying position when the user is in that position and decrements the value of the timer associated with that position when the user is not in that position. In such a manner, the wearable device 1000 can keep track of the user's cumulative and reverse cumulative time in and out of each of a plurality of lying positions. Such information can advantageously be utilized by the user and / or a medical professional to quickly and easily assess the user's risk of forming a pressure ulcer (which risk increases the longer the user remains in a given lying position).

[0041] The wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) can change the appearance of the display 1007, 1262 based on the value of such a timer. In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) changes the appearance (e.g., color) of each of a plurality of display elements (which may also be referred to herein as “portions”) of the display 1007, 1262 (each such plurality of display elements of the display is associated with one of a plurality of lying positions) based on the value of a timer associated with each of the plurality of lying positions. Such display elements can include display elements 1262a, 1262b, 1262c as shown in FIG. 5AA.

[0042] The wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) can change the appearance of the display 1007, 1262 based on the magnitude of the health risk associated with the user's lying position. In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) changes the appearance (e.g., color) of each of a plurality of display elements of the display 1007, 1262 (each such plurality of display elements of the display is associated with one of a plurality of lying positions) based on the magnitude of the health risk associated with each lying position of the plurality of lying positions. Such display elements can include display elements 1262a, 1262b, 1262c as shown in FIG. 5AA.

[0043] In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the display 1001) causes the appearance of each respective display element of the plurality of display elements to have a first color when the value of a timer associated with such respective display element is equal to or greater than a threshold, and causes the appearance of each respective display element of the plurality of display elements to have a second color when the value of the timer associated with such respective display element is less than such threshold. In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) causes the appearance of each respective display element of the plurality of display elements to have a first color when the health risk associated with such respective display element is equal to or greater than a threshold, and causes the appearance of each respective display element of the plurality of display elements to have a second color when the health risk value associated with such respective display element is less than such threshold. Such first and second colors may be different. In some implementations, the first color is red and the second color is green. In some implementations, multiple colors are used to indicate a health risk grade. For example, green may be used to indicate no health risk, yellow may be used to indicate a moderate health risk, and red may be used to indicate a health risk.

[0044] In some implementations, the display 1007, 1262 is defined by a boundary having at least a first edge and a second edge, and each of the plurality of display elements / portions of the display 1007, 1262 is a line or area extending between the first and second edges of the boundary. In some implementations, the display 1007, 1262 can have an arched shape, as shown in at least FIGS. 5A-5C and 5AA. The wearable device 1000 (e.g., via the processor 1001) can be configured to change the appearance of the display 1007, 1262 in a manner similar or identical to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 11,406,286, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0045000, and / or U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 253324, which are incorporated by reference herein.

[0045] The health risk (which may also be referred to herein as “risk”) associated with a user's lying position can be a measure of time. For example, the health risk associated with a user's lying position can correspond to the length of time the user is in a particular position / lying position, as described herein (e.g., right lateral position, left lateral position, prone / supine position). The time the user is in a particular position / lying position can be continuous or discontinuous. In some implementations, the health risk associated with a user's lying position depends at least in part on the length of time the patient is in a particular position / lying position. In some implementations, the risk associated with a user's lying position is associated with a combination of multiple factors. Such factors can include physiological parameters of the user. In some implementations, such factors can include physiological parameters of the user determined by the wearable device 1000 (e.g., any of those described herein, such as temperature, cardiac activity / function, pulmonary activity / function, and / or body sounds). Additionally or alternatively, such factors may include any one or more parameters of the user, such as weight, age, blood pressure, blood glucose level, diabetic status, and / or medical history, and / or any information contained in the user's electronic medical record.

[0046] 2, the wearable device 1000 may include one or more user inputs 1008 that may enable a user (or medical personnel) to interact with the wearable device 1000. The user inputs 1008 may be utilized, for example, to transition the wearable device 1000 from a non-operational mode to an operational mode (and vice versa) or to perform other actions. With reference to at least FIG. 5D, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., the hub 1200 of the wearable device 1000 described herein) may include a button 1222, which may be one implementation of the user input 1008. Another user input 1008 may be configured to communicate with a medical personnel. With reference to at least FIG. 5C, the wearable device 1000 (e.g., the hub 1200) may include a button 1260, which may be another such implementation of the user input 1008.

[0047] 2 , in some implementations, the wearable device 1000 includes one or more microphones (which may also be referred to herein as “audio transducers”) 1011. The microphones 1011 may be utilized to receive audio from the user and enable such audio to be transmitted to another device (e.g., one associated with a medical professional). This may facilitate audio communication between the user wearing the wearable device 1000 and another party. The microphones 1011 may additionally or alternatively be utilized to perform the functions of a digital stethoscope by the wearable device 1000. As described further below, the wearable device 1000 may include a diaphragm 1264 (see at least FIGS. 5D, 5E, 5W, 5X, 5Z) that can vibrate in response to the user's cardiac activity, pulmonary activity, and / or other body sounds. Such vibrations of the diaphragm 1264 can generate sound waves within at least a portion of the interior of the wearable device 1000 (e.g., a portion of the interior defined by the housing of the hub 1200). The microphone 1011 can detect such vibrations (and / or sound waves generated from such vibrations) and generate a signal based on the detected vibrations / sound waves. Such signals generated by the microphone 1011 can be received and / or processed by the processor 1001 to determine, for example, at least one of the user's cardiac function, pulmonary function, or other bodily function. In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 transmits (e.g., wirelessly) the processed and / or unprocessed signals generated by the microphone 1011 and / or information derived based on such signals indicative of the user's cardiac activity, pulmonary activity, and / or other bodily activity. Furthermore, the wearable device 1000 can be configured to categorize such signals based on the type of activity (e.g., cardiac, pulmonary, or other bodily activity) for individual listening by a medical professional.In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 can include a microphone for performing the functions of a digital stethoscope and another microphone that vibrates in response to vibrations of the housing of the wearable device 1000 and / or ambient noise external to the wearable device 1000. In such implementations, the wearable device 1000 can process signals from each of such microphones and, via one or more processors, determine corrected signals indicative of cardiac activity and / or function, pulmonary activity and / or function, and / or other body sounds. Further, in such implementations, each microphone can be positioned within the wearable device 1000 to perform said functions (e.g., a microphone performing the functions of a digital stethoscope can be positioned closer to the user's body when the device is attached than a microphone for determining ambient sounds). In some implementations, signals from the microphone 1011 can be streamed to earphones, headphones, or a sound system used by a medical professional.

[0048] In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 comprises a status indicator 1009 configured to indicate the status of the wearable device 1000, such as the life of the battery 1004 of the wearable device 1000, the mode in which the wearable device 1000 is operating, an error condition, etc. The status indicator 1009 may be implemented as one or more emitters configured to emit light, such as the emitter 1297 illustrated in at least Figures 5N-5P.

[0049] The wearable device 1000 may include a first portion that can secure (e.g., removably secure) the wearable device 1000 to a user and a second portion that can include, for example, various components of the wearable device 1000 (such as any of the electronic components described herein). In some implementations, such first and second portions of the wearable device 1000 may be detachable from one another. In some implementations, such a first portion includes one or more substrates configured to adhere (e.g., removably adhere) to the skin. In some implementations, such a first portion does not include any electronic components, and, for example, all electronic components of the wearable device 1000 (such as any of those described herein) are included in the second portion. Such a first and second portion of the wearable device 1000 may be configured to be mechanically detachably secured to one another. In some implementations, such first and second portions are configured to resist separation from one another when the first portion is secured to the user. In some implementations, the intended service life of the first and second portions is different. For example, the intended service life of the first portion may be shorter than the intended service life of the second portion, such as when the first portion includes one or more substrates secured to the user's skin and the second portion includes the electronic components of the wearable device 1000. In such implementations, the first portion may be disposed of and replaced, and the second portion may be secured with a new first portion. This is advantageous if the substrate loses integrity and / or deteriorates after a time shorter than the battery life of the second portion of the wearable device 1000. Such first and second portions may be the dock 1100 and hub 1200 illustrated in the exploded views of FIGS. 3A-3B (respectively) and further described herein.

[0050] 4A-4B illustrate a top perspective view of the dock 1100. FIG. 4C illustrates a first side view of the dock 1100, which may be a mirror image of an opposite second side view of the dock 1100. FIG. 4D illustrates a bottom perspective view of the dock 1100. FIG. 4E illustrates an exploded view of the dock 1100. The dock 1100 may be similar to or identical to the dock 200 in some or many respects. The dock 1110 may include a frame 1130 and one or more substrates coupled to the frame 1130, such as any of the substrates 1110, 1120, 1150, and 1160. Referring to FIG. 4E, the frame 1130 may include a rim 1131 and an opening 1132. The rim 1131 may define a perimeter of the frame 1130. The rim 1131 may have a rounded shape. The frame 1130 can be configured to removably secure to the hub 1200, for example, to a housing of the hub 1200. The frame 1130 can include one or more arms configured to engage with portions of the housing of the hub 1200. For example, the frame 1130 can include arms 1134a, 1134b that can extend outwardly from the rim 1131. The arm 1134a can be positioned at a first end of the frame 1130, and the arm 1134b can be positioned at a second end of the frame 1130 opposite the first end of the frame 1130. The arms 1134a, 1134b can extend along a portion of the rim 1131, for example, less than the entire circumference of the rim 1131. The arms 1134a, 1134b can extend generally perpendicular to the rim 1131 (e.g., a plane defined by the rim 1131) and / or can extend generally perpendicular to the opening 1132 (e.g., a plane defined by the opening 1132). In some implementations, the frame 1130 includes a wall 1133 extending outward from the rim 1131 (e.g., generally perpendicular to the rim 1131). The wall 1133 can have a shorter height than the arms 1134a, 1134b, as shown in FIG. 4E. In some implementations, the arms 1134a, 1134b are curved along their length (which may also be referred to as width).For example, the arms 1134 a , 1134 b can be curved to correspond to the curved shape of the rim 1131 at the first and second ends of the frame 1130 .

[0051] The arms 1134a, 1134b may be configured to engage with portions of the housing of the hub 1200 to facilitate securement (e.g., releasable securement) of the dock 1100 and the hub 1200. As shown, the arms 1134a, 1134b may include protrusions 1136a, 1136b. The arm 1134a may include a first surface (which may be referred to as the “inner-facing surface”) and a second surface (which may be referred to as the “outer-facing surface”) opposite the first surface, and the arm 1134b may include a first surface (which may be referred to as the “inner-facing surface”) and a second surface (which may be referred to as the “outer-facing surface”) opposite the first surface of the arm 1134b. First surfaces of the arms 1134a, 1134b can face at least partially toward each other (e.g., can face inwardly of the frame 1130), and second surfaces of the arms 1134a, 1134b can face away from each other. The protrusions 1136a, 1136b can extend outwardly from such respective inwardly facing surfaces of the arms 1134a, 1134b and can extend at least partially toward each other and / or toward the interior of the frame 1130. The protrusion 1136a can extend along a portion of the length of the arm 1134a, and the protrusion 1136b can extend along a portion of the length of the arm 1136a. While the figures illustrate protrusions 1136a, 1136b having a continuous length, in some variations one or both of arms 1134a, 1134b include multiple spaced apart protrusions, for example, in the arrangement shown for protrusions 1136a, 1136b. Protrusions 1136a, 1136b can engage with recesses 1207a, 1207b in hub 1200, as described in more detail herein, which can facilitate securement of hub 1200 to dock 1100. Referring to FIG. 4C , protrusions 1136a, 1136b can have beveled or chamfered edges on their free ends, which can facilitate movement along portions of ends 1202, 1204 of hub 1200 and positioning within recesses 1207a, 1207b, as described in more detail herein.Although the arms 1134a, 1134b are shown as having protrusions 1136a, 1136b and the hub 1200 is shown as having recesses 1207a, 1207b, in some variations the arms 1134a, 1134b have recesses instead of the protrusions 1136a, 1136b and the hub 1200 has protrusions instead of the recesses 1207a, 1207b.

[0052] Also, as described further herein, in some implementations, the arms 1134a, 1134b can be configured to move when a force is applied to the dock 1100, which can facilitate removal of the protrusions 1136a, 1136b from the recesses 1207a, 1207b of the hub 1200 (see FIGS. 5A-5B). For example, in some implementations, application of an opposing force to the opposite side of the dock 1100 (which extends between the ends of the dock 1100 at which the arms 1134a, 1134b are disposed) can move the arms 1134a, 1134b from a first position (as shown in FIG. 4C) to a second position in which the arms 1134a, 1134b are positioned farther from each other than when they are in the first position. In such a second position, the arms 1134a, 1134b may be bent outward from one another (e.g., to the "right" and "left" in the view shown in FIG. 4C ). Such a configuration may move the protrusions 1136a, 1136b out of the recesses 1207a, 1207b, thereby allowing the hub 1200 to be removed from the dock 1100. In some implementations, the dock 1100 does not include a clip or other structure that can be actuated by a user to disengage the protrusions 1136a, 1136b from the recesses 1207a, 1207b. For example, in some implementations, part or all of the dock 1100 (e.g., the frame 1130) must be deformed (e.g., outward bending of the arms 1134a, 1134b) to allow the hub 1200 and dock 1100 to be removed from one another. In some cases, such a configuration makes it difficult to detach the hub 1200 and the dock 1100 from one another when the dock 1100 is secured to the user's skin.

[0053] Such a configuration may be advantageous in preventing a user from separating hub 1200 and dock 1100 from one another and disrupting operation of wearable device 1000. As described further herein, hub 1200 may include a button that allows hub 1200 to be transitioned from a non-operational mode to an operational mode, and in some implementations, such button is inaccessible when hub 1200 and dock 1100 are coupled together. Such a configuration may inhibit a user from intentionally or unintentionally disrupting operation of wearable device 1000 (e.g., powering it off). For example, in some implementations, to turn off the wearable device 1000, the dock 1100 and hub 1200 must be removed from the user's skin (while still coupled together), the arms 1134a, 1134b must be bent outward (thereby removing the protrusions 1136a, 1136b from the recesses 1207a, 1207b of the hub 1200), and the hub 1200 must be uncoupled from the dock 1100. In such a configuration, it may be difficult for a user to perform such actions when the wearable device 1000 is secured to the user's own skin, but such actions may be performed by a medical professional and may be desirable in some circumstances.

[0054] As mentioned above, FIG. 4E illustrates an exploded view of dock 1100. Dock 1100 may include one or more substrates that may secure other portions of dock 1100 and / or be secured to other portions and / or allow dock 1100 to be secured to a user (e.g., the user's skin). For example, with reference to FIG. 4E, dock 1100 may include one or more of substrates 1110, 1120, 1150, and / or 1160.

[0055] The substrate 1110 can be configured to surround a portion of the frame 1130. For example, the substrate 1110 can include an opening 1112. The opening 1112 can have a size and / or shape that surrounds the arms 1134a, 1134b and the wall 1133. The substrate 1110 can be made from a foam material such as white polyethylene, polyurethane, or reticulated polyurethane foam, to name a few. The substrate 1110 can be made from a medical-grade foam. In some implementations, the substrate 1110 can have a circumference that is larger than the circumference of the rim 1131 of the frame 1130. The substrate 1110 can have an adhesive on its underside, which in some implementations can enable the substrate 1110 to secure to at least the frame 1130. The substrate 1120 can be positioned between the rim 1131 and the substrate 1150 (described further herein). The substrate 1120 may include an opening 1122 as shown. In some implementations, the openings 1112 and 1122 are substantially identical or identical. The substrate 1120 comprises polyethylene and / or adhesive on one or both sides thereof, which may help secure the substrate 1150 to the frame 1130 (e.g., the rim 1131 of the frame 1130). The substrate 1120 may be sandwiched between the rim 1131 and the substrate 1150. In some implementations, an additional substrate 1120 may be placed between the substrate 1110 and the frame 1130, thereby helping to secure the substrate 1110 to at least the frame 1130. In some implementations, the substrate 1120 may help secure the substrate 1110 and the substrate 1150 to each other beyond the periphery of the rim 1131 of the frame 1130.

[0056] The substrate 1150 can contact and / or be secured to a user's skin when the wearable device 1000 is in use. The substrate 1150 can be the bottom portion of the wearable device 1000 when the wearable device 1000 is in use (e.g., after the release liner 1160 is removed). The substrate 1150 can be or include a material configured to secure to a user's skin. The substrate 1150 can include a material configured to allow the wearable device 1000 to be removably secured to a user's skin. For example, the substrate 1150 can be coated with a high-tack medical-grade adhesive, which, when in contact with a user's skin, is suitable for long-term monitoring, such as for two or more days, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten or more days. Additionally or alternatively, the substrate 1150 can be or include a soft, comfortable, and breathable material. For example, the substrate 1150 can be or include a fabric, such as a silicone spunlace fabric. The substrate 1150 can include an adhesive material or layer (such as adhesive tape). Such a configuration can allow the wearable device 1000 to be comfortably secured to the user's skin. The substrate 1150 can provide thermal insulation and / or provide thermal conductivity. For example, when the wearable device 1000 is positioned and / or secured (e.g., attached) on the user's skin surface, the substrate 1150 can serve to insulate the skin surface around and / or near the point or area where temperature is measured and / or thermal energy is transferred from the user's skin surface to or near one or more temperature sensors of the wearable device 1000 (e.g., via thermal conductivity probes 1244a, 1244b described herein).For example, when the wearable device 1000 is positioned and / or secured (e.g., attached) to a user's skin surface, the substrate 1150 can insulate the skin surface and transfer thermal energy to the thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b, thereby transferring thermal energy to and / or toward the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c, as described further below. In some implementations, the substrate 1150 can provide electrical insulation and / or electrical conductivity. In some implementations, the substrate 1150 can provide acoustic insulation and / or acoustic conductivity. In some implementations, at least a portion of the substrate 1150 can be modified and / or removed to improve any one of thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and acoustic conductivity between the user and one or more sensors of the wearable device 1000.

[0057] The dock 1100 can include a substrate that is a release liner 1160. The release liner 1160 can be secured to one or more of the above substrates (such as substrate 1150) and can be removed before securing the wearable device 1000 to a user. For example, the release liner 1160 can be removed from the substrate 1150 before placing and / or securing the wearable device 1000 on the user's skin.

[0058] 5A-5B illustrate a top perspective view of hub 1200, FIG. 5C illustrates a top view of hub 1200, FIG. 5D illustrates a bottom view of hub 1200, FIG. 5E illustrates a bottom perspective view of hub 1200, and FIG. 5F illustrates an end view of hub 1200. Hub 1200 can have a first end 1202, a second end 1204 opposite first end 1202, a first side 1206, and a second side 1208 opposite first side 1206.

[0059] The hub 1200 may be configured to be removably secured to the dock 1100, for example, via interaction between the recesses 1207a, 1207b and the protrusions 1136a, 1136b of the arms 1134a, 1134b. The hub 1200 includes a housing that can house shells 1200a, 1200c (see FIGS. 5G-5H), which may be secured (e.g., permanently secured together) to enclose the electronic components of the wearable device 1000. With reference to FIG. 5A, the portion 1202a of the end 1202 of the hub 1200 (which may be defined by the shells 1200a, 1200c portions of the housing of the hub 1200) may have a size and / or shape that receives and / or conforms to the shape of the arms 1134a. 5B, portions 1204a of end 1204 of hub 1200 (which may be defined by portions of shells 1200a, 1200c of the housing of hub 1200) may have a size and / or shape to receive and / or conform to the shape of arms 1134b. Such portions 1202a, 1204a may be recessed from the outer surface of the housing of hub 1200 (e.g., formed by shells 1200a, 1200c).

[0060] The recessed portions 1202a, 1204a may include structure to facilitate engagement with and / or securement with the protrusions 1136a, 1136b of the arms 1134a, 1134b of the frame 1130 of the dock 1100. For example, the portion 1202a of the end 1202 may include a recessed portion 1203a, a recess 1207a (which may also be referred to as a "groove"), and a wall 1205a (which may also be referred to as a "non-recessed portion") that at least partially separates the recessed portions 1203a and 1207a. Similarly, the portion 1204a of the end 1204 may include a recessed portion 1203b, a recess 1207b (which may also be referred to as a "groove"), and a wall 1205b (which may also be referred to as a "non-recessed portion") that at least partially separates the recessed portions 1203b and 1207b. In some implementations, the hub 1200 can be secured to the dock 1100 by inserting the hub 1200 between the arms 1134a, 1134b of the dock 1100 from above (see, for example, FIGS. 3A-3B). During such insertion, the protrusions 1136a, 1136b can contact and / or slide along the recessed portions 1203a, 1203b, slide on the walls 1205a, 1205b, and move into the recesses 1207a, 1207b. In some implementations, the protrusions 1136a, 1136b are configured for snap-fit ​​engagement with the recesses 1207a, 1207b (which can be facilitated by the recessed portions 1203a, 1203b and / or the walls 1205a, 1205b). In some implementations, the protrusions 1136a, 1136b have beveled or chamfered ends that can help the protrusions 1136a, 1136b slide over the walls 1205a, 1205b and into the recesses 1207a, 1207b. The hub 1200 and the dock 1100 can be decoupled from one another as described hereinabove. In some implementations, the hub 1200 includes features that can facilitate gripping and / or handling of the hub 1200, for example, before, during, and / or after the hub 1200 and the dock 1100 are detached from one another. For example, the hub 1200 can include recessed portions 1209a, 1209b and / or protrusions 1211a, 1211b extending along a portion of the length of the sides 1206, 1208.

[0061] In some implementations, the hub 1200 includes an opening 1215 configured to allow light from an emitter 1297 (e.g., an LED), which may be one implementation of a status indicator 1009, housed within the hub 1200 to exit the hub 1200 and illuminate a nearby area. This may be utilized to indicate the status of the wearable device 1000. The opening 1215 may be disposed within the shell 1200a, which may form a housing when secured to the shell 1200c. The opening 1215 may be substantially aligned with the emitter 1297 (see at least FIGS. 5N-5P), thereby allowing light emitted from the emitter 1297 to pass through the housing (e.g., through the shell 1200a).

[0062] Figures 5E-5F illustrate probes 1244a, 1244b passing through openings 1224a, 1224b in the housing of hub 1200 (e.g., passing through shell 1200c). Probes 1244a, 1244b are described in more detail below. Figures 5E-5F also illustrate button 1222, described above, and diaphragm 1264, described further below.

[0063] 5G-5H illustrate exploded perspective views of hub 1200. Hub 1200 can include a housing formed by shell 1200a (which may be referred to herein as the “top shell” or “second shell”) and shell 1200c (which may be referred to herein as the “bottom shell” or “first shell”). Such a housing can enclose the electronic components of wearable device 1000. Shells 1200a, 1200c can be permanently fastened together. In some implementations, shells 1200a, 1200c are fastened together to prevent water from entering the interior of the housing formed by shells 1200a, 1200c, which in turn can protect the electronic components housed therein. In some implementations, the joining edges (e.g., the bottom edge of shell 1200a and the top edge of shell 1200c) can be ultrasonically welded together to prevent water from entering.

[0064] In some implementations, dock 1100 does not include any electronic components, and all electronic components of wearable device 1000 are housed within hub 1200. As shown in FIGS. 5G-5H, wearable device 1000 (e.g., hub 1200) can include an electronics assembly, conveniently designated "1200b." FIGS. 5I-5J illustrate bottom perspective views of shell 1200a, and FIGS. 5K-5M illustrate views of shell 1200c. FIGS. 5N-5R illustrate views of various electronic and / or structural components that can be enclosed within the housing of wearable device 1000 (e.g., hub 1200) to form electronics assembly 1200b. Use of the phrase "electronics assembly" and the number "1200b" in this disclosure is not intended to be limiting, but rather merely as a convenient way to refer to one or more components of wearable device 1000 that may be surrounded by shells 1200a, 1200c. Use of such phrases and numbers is not intended to convey that the inclusion of any element or feature described with reference to electronics assembly 1200b necessarily requires the inclusion of any or all other elements or features described with reference to electronics assembly 1200b.

[0065] As mentioned above, FIGS. 5I-5J illustrate bottom perspective views of shell 1200a. Shell 1200a may include various structures operable to engage with and / or operably position portions of electronics assembly 1200b. For example, shell 1200a may include structures operable to engage with and / or operably position any or all of circuit boards 1230, 1231 (see FIGS. 5N-5Q). For example, shell 1200a may include wall 1210e that can engage with notches 1230i, 1230j in circuit board 1230 (see FIG. 15U). In some implementations, shell 1200a includes pocket 1210f configured to receive NFC transponder 1233 (see FIGS. 5I and 5N-5Q). 5I-5J, the shell 1200a can include a cavity defined by an enclosure 1210d that can be positioned around the emitter 1297. An opening 1215 can extend through a portion of the shell 1200a and into such cavity defined by the enclosure 1210d, as shown.

[0066] As shown in FIGS. 5A-5C and described elsewhere herein, the wearable device 1000 can include a user input 1260 (which may also be referred to herein as a “button,” “call button,” “healthcare professional call button,” “nurse call button,” or “caregiver call button”). The call button 1260 can include various types of electrical and mechanical structures. With reference to FIGS. 5N-5P, the call button 1260 can include a switch 1295, which can be mounted to the circuit board 1230. The call button 1260 can include various mechanical structures configured to interact with the switch 1295. For example, with reference to FIGS. 5A-5C and 5I-5J, the call button 1260 can include a pad 1212 coupled to a plate 1210c, which can be attached to a portion of the shell 1200a via one or more arms 1210b (e.g., two arms 1210b). The pad 1212 and the plate 1210c are movably attached to a portion of the shell 1200a via the arm 1210b, which may be flexible and resilient. The pad 1212 and the plate 1210c may be configured to move from a first position (which may be referred to as a “neutral” position) to a second position (which may be referred to as an “activated” position). The arm 1210b may bias the pad 1212 and the plate 1210c toward such a first position. When the pad 1212 and / or the plate 1210c are moved to such a second position (e.g., by depressing the pad 1212 of the call button 1260), the pad 1212 and / or the plate 1210c may engage the switch 1295. In some implementations, the pad 1212 is made from a different material than the plate 1210c, the arm 1220b, and / or the rest of the shell 1200a. For example, pad 1212 may be made from a softer and / or more flexible material than plate 1210c, arm 1210b, and / or the remainder of shell 1200a. The top of pad 1212 is shown / displayed in Figure 5H, and the bottom of pad 1212 is shown / displayed in Figures 51-5J.In some implementations, the call button 1260 is defined by the switch 1295 and one or more of the pad 1212, the plate 1210c, and / or the arm 1210b. In some embodiments, the button 1260 may be at least partially recessed with respect to the exterior surface of the wearable device 1000 (e.g., with respect to the shell 1200a). Such a configuration may advantageously help prevent a user from inadvertently activating the button 1260. Furthermore, in some implementations, the button 1260 may have a concave and / or dished configuration. Such a configuration may advantageously help a user locate the button 1260 for activation (e.g., when needed). The button 1260 may be configured to be utilized in a manner similar to or identical to any of the devices described with respect to FIGS. 12-15E herein and / or disclosed in U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 371,339, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0067] Figure 5K illustrates a top perspective view of shell 1200c, and Figures 5L-5M illustrate bottom perspective views of shell 1200c. Figures 5K-5L illustrate shell 1200c with diaphragm 1264 attached, and Figure 5M illustrates shell 1200c without diaphragm 1264.

[0068] Shell 1200c may include various structures operable to engage with and / or operatively position portions of electronics assembly 1200b. For example, shell 1200c may include structures that engage with and / or operatively position any or all of circuit boards 1230, 1231 (see FIGS. 5N-5Q). For example, shell 1200c includes (e.g., generally vertical) stems 1221a, 1221b, 1221c, 1221d extending outward from inner surface 1220 of shell 1200c, and stems 1221a, 1221b, 1221c, 1221d may engage with portions of circuit boards 1230, 1231. For example, the first portion (bottom) of the stems 1221a, 1221b can have a size and / or shape to fit within the openings 1231a, 1231b of the circuit board 1231 (see Figures 5K, 5S, 5T, and 5V), and the second portion (top) of the stems 1221a, 1221b can have a size and / or shape to pass through the openings 1230a, 1230b of the circuit board 1230 (see Figures 5K, 5S, 5T, and 5U). As another example, first portions (bottoms) of stems 1221c, 1221d can be sized and / or shaped to fit within openings 1231c, 1231d in circuit board 1231 (see FIGS. 5K, 5V), and second portions (tops) of stems 1221c, 1221d can be sized and / or shaped to penetrate openings 1230c, 1230d in circuit board 1230 (see FIGS. 5K, 5U). Shell 1200c can include stem 1227 (which may be shorter than stems 1221a-d) extending outward (e.g., generally vertically) from inner surface 1220 of shell 1200c, and stem 1227 can penetrate openings 1231g, 1231h, 1231i, 1231j (see FIGS. 5K, 5V, and 5S-5T). The shell may include stems 1223a, 1223b extending outward (e.g., generally vertically) from the inner surface 1220 of the shell 1200c, and the stems 1223a, 1223b may extend through openings 1231e, 1231f in the circuit board 1231 to a position below (e.g., contacting) the circuit board 1230.

[0069] 5K-5M, the shell 1200c can include openings 1224a, 1224b having a size and / or shape that allows the probes 1244a, 1244b to pass therethrough. The openings 1224a, 1224b can allow the thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b to pass through the shell 1200c and the housing formed by the shells 1200a, 1200c. Such a configuration can allow the probes 1244a, 1244b to contact the substrate 1150 when the hub 1200 and dock 1100 are secured together, which in turn can allow the probes 1244a, 1244b to receive thermal energy from the substrate 1150 (from the user's skin) and transfer such thermal energy to and / or toward the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c, as described further below.

[0070] As mentioned above, wearable device 1000 may include button 1222 configured to, for example, transition wearable device 1000 (e.g., hub 1200) from a non-operational mode to an operational mode (and vice versa) or perform other actions. Button 1222 is coupled to shell 1200c and can include and / or interact with switch 1249 (see FIG. 15Q). In some implementations, when hub 1200 (and wearable device 1000) is in a non-operational mode, electronic functions of wearable device 1000 are disabled, e.g., wireless communication is not permitted, and / or a user's physiological measurements (such as temperature) and / or lying position are not determined. Conversely, in some implementations, when hub 1200 (and wearable device 1000) is in an operational mode, measurement of a user's physiological parameters (such as temperature) and / or a user's lying position is enabled, and wireless communication with another device is enabled. The button 1222 may be positioned on a portion of the hub 1200 such that the button 1222 is inaccessible when the hub 1200 and the dock 1100 are coupled together. For example, with reference to at least FIGS. 1A-1B, 3A-3B, 4A-4B, and 5D-5E, when the hub 1200 and the dock 1100 are coupled together, the button 1222 may face toward the substrate 1150 and be hidden. Such a configuration can advantageously inhibit or prevent the wearable device 1000 from being turned off when the wearable device 1000 is secured to a user's skin and / or when the hub 1200 and the dock 1100 are connected.

[0071] In some implementations, the shell 1200c is made of multiple materials. In some implementations, the shell 1200c includes a first portion 1220a made from a first material and a second portion 1220b made from a second material different from the first material. For example, the first portion 1220a can be made from a more rigid material than the second portion 1220b. In some implementations, the second portion 1220b is injection molded onto the first portion 1220a. The second portion 1220b can extend around the opening 1229 in the shell 1200c and / or around the openings 1224a, 1224b in the shell 1200c and / or form part of the button 1222 (e.g., a portion of the button 1222 including a protrusion 1225 that can engage with the switch 1249). Advantageously, in some implementations, the second portion 1220b is configured to form a seal (eg, a waterproof and / or airtight seal) around the openings 1229, 1224a, 1224b.

[0072] Figures 5N-5P illustrate a top perspective view of electronics assembly 1200b of hub 1200, and Figure 5Q illustrates a bottom perspective view of electronics assembly 1200b. Figure 5R illustrates a partially exploded bottom perspective view of electronics assembly 1200b. Figures 5S-5T illustrate hub 1200 with shell 1200a removed. Figures 5U-5V illustrate top views of circuit boards 1230 and 1231 (respectively).

[0073] The wearable device 1000 may include the circuit boards 1230, 1231 described above. The circuit boards 1230, 1231 may mechanically support and electrically connect various electrical components of the wearable device 1000 to facilitate the performance of various functions of the wearable device 1000. Such electrical components include, but are not limited to, the processor 1001, the storage device 1002, the communications module 1003, the information element 1005, one or more temperature sensors 1006, the motion sensor 1010, the microphone 1011, and / or other sensors 1012. The processor 1237 is one implementation of the processor 1001 and may take the form of a chip mounted on the circuit board 1230. The motion sensor 1265 is one implementation of the motion sensor 1010 and may take the form of a chip mounted on the circuit board 1230. Microphone 1266, illustrated in Figures 5P, 5S, 5V, 5W, and 5X, is one implementation of microphone 1011 and may take the form of a chip mounted on circuit board 1231. Microphone 1266 may be used in the digital stethoscope functionality of wearable device 1000, if included, as described herein. Microphone 1267 is another implementation of microphone 1011 and may take the form of a chip mounted on circuit board 1230. Microphone 1267 may be used to assess vibrations of the housing of wearable device 1000 and / or vibrations and / or sounds (e.g., ambient noise) external to the housing of wearable device 1000. Temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d may be some implementations of temperature sensor 1006. Circuit boards 1230, 1231 may be separated from one another by a gap. In some implementations, the circuit boards 1230, 1231 are oriented parallel (e.g., substantially parallel) to one another. A battery 1232, which may be one implementation of the battery 1004 described above, may be positioned between the circuit boards 1230, 1231 as shown.The battery 1232 can provide power to the hardware / electrical components of the wearable device 1000 described herein. The battery 1232 can be a coin cell battery (such as a lithium coin cell battery). The battery 1232 can have a circular shape. The battery 1232 can include a metal housing. The battery 1232 can be in electrical contact with the circuit board 1230 and / or the circuit board 1231 via one or more electrical contacts. In some implementations, the battery 1232 is not rechargeable. In some implementations, the circuit boards 1330, 1331 are mechanically and / or electrically coupled to one another via one or more headers 1236, which can facilitate communication between the circuit boards 1330, 1331 (e.g., signals communicated therebetween) and / or the electrical components mounted thereon. Such headers 1236 can act to maintain the spacing and / or orientation of the circuit boards 1330, 1331 relative to one another.

[0074] Wearable device 1000 may include near-field communication (NFC) functionality (e.g., RFID) that may enable wearable device 1000 to interact and / or communicate with a separate computing device. Such NFC functionality may enable wearable device 1000 to, among other things, verify or verify that it is and / or is comprised of authentic components, transfer data (e.g., posture and / or physiological data acquired by wearable device 1000), and determine the lifespan of wearable device 1000. For example, wearable device 1000 may include NFC transponder 1233 (e.g., in the form of a chip) that can interact with an RFID reader of a separate computing device that emits radio frequencies. NFC transponder 1233 may be one implementation of and / or part of communication module 1003 described above. The NFC transponder 1233 may be positioned within a housing of the hub 1200 defined by the shells 1200a, 1200c. The NFC transponder 1233 may be positioned near an exterior portion of the housing, for example, within the socket 1210f (which may also be referred to as a "cavity") described above.

[0075] 5N-5P, the wearable device 1000 may include an antenna 1235 to facilitate wireless communication. The antenna 1235 may be one implementation of and / or part of the communication module 1003 described above. The antenna 1235 may enable the wearable device 1000 to communicate wirelessly via any of the communication protocols described elsewhere herein, such as, but not limited to, Wi-Fi (802.11x), Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-wave, cellular, infrared, near field communication (NFC), RFID, satellite transmission, proprietary protocols, combinations thereof, and the like. As previously described and shown in FIGS. 5N-5P, the wearable device 1000 may include a battery 1232 that in some implementations is located between and / or adjacent to the circuit boards 1230, 1231. In some cases, the battery 1232 includes a metal housing that can severely impair the antenna's communication range. Advantageously, in some implementations in which the battery 1232 is positioned adjacent to the circuit boards 1230, 1231, the antenna 1235 is positioned away from the circuit boards 1230, 1231 to minimize the effect of the battery 1232 on the antenna's 1235's communication range. In such a configuration, when the wearable device 1000 is secured to a user, the antenna 1235 can be positioned further away from the user's skin and body, which can severely impair the antenna's communication range, improving the antenna's communication range. For example, in some implementations, the wearable device 1000 includes a frame 1234 coupled to the circuit boards 1230 and / or 1231 that mounts the antenna 1235 and positions the antenna 1235 away from the circuit boards 1230, 1231. Antenna 1235 may be positioned and / or secured on top of frame 1234 as shown.The frame 1234 can include legs 1234a, 1234b, 1234c, 1234d, 1234f, 1234g and protrusion 1234e that can engage with openings / cutouts 1230h, 1230i, 1230j, 1230k in the circuit board 1230, as shown. Ends of the antennas 1235a, 1235b can be coupled to portions of the circuit board 1330, as shown in Figures 5N-5O.

[0076] As mentioned above, wearable device 1000 may include a status indicator 1009 configured to indicate the status of wearable device 1000, such as whether wearable device 1000 is in an operational (“on”) mode, whether wearable device 1000 is pairing or has been paired with a separate device, whether an error has been detected, and / or the power level of wearable device 1000. Such indicator 1009 may be implemented as an emitter 1297, illustrated in FIGS. 5N-5P and mounted on circuit board 1230. Emitter 1297 may be positioned within enclosure 1210d of shell 1200a as described above. Emitter 1297 may include one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Emitter 1297 may emit light of several colors to indicate several statuses of wearable device 1000. For example, the emitter 1297 may emit a green light to indicate that the wearable device 1000 is powered “on” or a red light to indicate that the wearable device 1000 is “off.” The housing formed by the shells 1200a, 1200c may include an opening configured to allow the light emitted from the emitter 1297 to be visible from a location outside the interior of the housing. For example, as described above, the shell 1200a may include a hole 1215. Additionally or alternatively, the shells 1200a and / or 1200c may include a transparent or translucent material that allows the light emitted from the emitter 1297 to be visible from a location outside the interior of the housing. In some implementations, the hole 1215 is at least partially aligned with the emitter 1297 to allow the light emitted from the emitter 1297 to travel more easily through the housing.

[0077] Continuing with reference to FIGS. 5N-5P, wearable device 1000 may include one or more emitters 1299 or a plurality of emitters 1299 that may be utilized to illuminate a display of wearable device 1000, such as display 1262 (which may be one implementation of display 1007). The emitters 1299 (which may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more emitters 1299) may be arranged to correspond to the shape and / or size of display 1262. For example, if display 1262 is arch-shaped, emitters 1299 may be mounted to circuit board 1230 and arranged in an arch-shaped pattern. Display 1262 may include a light pipe 1210, as shown in FIGS. 5I-5J. Light pipe 1210 may include one or more prisms 1210a or a plurality of prisms 1210a, also shown in FIGS. 5I-5J. The prisms 1210a (which may include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or more prisms 1210a) may be arranged to correspond to the shape and / or size of the display 1262. For example, if the display 1262 is arch-shaped, the prisms 1210a may be arranged in an arch-shaped pattern within the light pipe 1210. Additionally, the prisms 1210a may correspond (e.g., in number and / or arrangement) to the emitters 1299. The prisms 1210a may be aligned with the emitters 1299 such that light emitted from the emitters 1299 passes through the prisms 1210a, or may be offset (e.g., vertically) from the emitters 1299, or may be otherwise positioned. In some implementations, the emitter 1299 and the prism 1210a of the light pipe 1210 cooperate to generate the display 1262 and / or one or more display elements thereof (e.g., display elements 1262a, 1262b, 1262c shown in FIG. 5AA).

[0078] As described herein, wearable device 1000 can include one or more temperature sensors that can be mounted on circuit boards 1230, 1231. As shown in at least FIGS. 5N-5P, wearable device 1000 can include temperature sensors 1240b and 1240d mounted on circuit board 1230 and temperature sensors 1240a and 1240c mounted on circuit board 1331. In some implementations, circuit boards 1230, 1231 and / or portions thereof can be configured to inhibit or minimize heat flow along them and / or between various hardware / electrical components of wearable device 1000. Such a configuration can enable temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d to be utilized to capture unique temperature values ​​that can be advantageous in determining a user's body temperature. In some implementations, the circuit boards 1230, 1231 and / or portions thereof may be configured to conduct heat flow along them and / or between various hardware / electrical components of the wearable device 1000. Such a configuration may be advantageous in determining the user's body temperature.

[0079] Referring to at least FIGS. 5N-5R, the wearable device 1000 may include thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b. The thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b may advantageously serve to transfer thermal energy to and / or toward the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c, as described elsewhere herein. The thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b may be rigid. The thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b may be constructed of a metallic material (e.g., including brass and / or aluminum). The thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b may have a circular cross-section. The thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b may have a substantially flat first end and a tapered second end (see FIG. 5R). Thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b, temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d, circuit boards 1230, 1231, and / or their configurations relative to one another (in addition to any thermally conductive elements between any one or more of the foregoing) may be similar to or identical to the probes, temperature sensors, circuit boards, and thermally conductive elements described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference. For example, probe 1244a may be substantially aligned with temperature sensors 1240a and / or 1240b, and probe 1244b may be substantially aligned with temperature sensors 1240c and / or 1240d.

[0080] The thermally conductive probe 1244a can have a first end positioned adjacent to and / or fixed to a portion of the circuit board 1231 and a second end opposite such first end. In some implementations, the thermally conductive probe 1244a (e.g., its first end) is soldered to the circuit board 1231. Such first end of the thermally conductive probe 1244a can be positioned adjacent to and / or fixed to a portion of the circuit board 1231 such that the probe 1244a is substantially aligned with one or both of the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b (see FIGS. 5O and 5P). The thermally conductive probe 1244b can have a first end positioned adjacent to and / or fixed to a portion of the circuit board 1231 and a second end opposite such first end. In some implementations, the thermally conductive probe 1244b (e.g., such first end thereof) is soldered to the circuit board 1231. Such first end of the thermally conductive probe 1244b may be positioned adjacent to and / or secured to a portion of the circuit board 1231 such that the probe 1244b is substantially aligned with one or both of the temperature sensors 1240c, 1240d (see FIG. 5N).

[0081] The circuit board 1231 may include one or more openings configured to allow thermal energy from the probes 1244a, 1244b to pass through the circuit board 1231 and reach the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c. The locations of such one or more openings are shown in FIG. 5Y as 1241a, 1241c. For example, the circuit board 1231 may include holes similar to or identical to the holes 348a, 348b that can penetrate the circuit board 331 as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such holes in the circuit board 1231 may be arranged, for example, in the arrangement indicated by arrows 1277a, 1277b in FIG. 5R. The number, arrangement, and / or configuration of such holes in the circuit board 1231 may be similar to or the same as the number, arrangement, and / or configuration of holes 348 a, 348 b described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such holes in the circuit board 1231 (which may be arranged in the arrangement shown by arrows 1277 a, 1277 b in FIG. 5R) may be arranged in arrays and / or groups near one another, positioned between the thermally conductive probes 1244 a, 1244 b and the temperature sensors 1240 a, 1240 c, and may comprise one or more such holes and / or be filled with a thermally conductive material or may not be filled with any material.

[0082] The circuit board 1230 may include one or more openings configured to allow thermal energy to pass through the circuit board 1230 and reach the temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d. The locations of such one or more openings are shown as 1241b, 1241d in FIG. 5Y. For example, the circuit board 1230 may include holes similar to or identical to the holes 350a, 350b that can penetrate the circuit board 1231 as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such holes in the circuit board 1230 may be arranged, for example, in the arrangement indicated by arrows 1277c, 1277d in FIG. 5R. The number, arrangement, and / or configuration of such holes in circuit board 1230 may be similar to or the same as the number, arrangement, and / or configuration of holes 350 a, 350 b described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference. Circuit board 1230 may include one or more such holes arranged in arrays and / or groups near one another and positioned between a portion of thermally conductive element 1242 (e.g., at or near portion 1242 a of element 1242) and temperature sensor 1240 d, and / or may include holes that may be filled with a thermally conductive material or may not be filled with any material (which may be arranged in the arrangement shown by arrow 1277 c in FIG. 5R). The circuit board 1230 may be arranged in arrays and / or groups near one another and positioned to be substantially aligned with an axis passing through the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, and may have one or more such holes, and / or may have holes that may be filled with a thermally conductive material or may not be filled with any material (which may be arranged in the arrangement shown by arrow 1277d in FIG. 12Q).

[0083] The thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b may be configured to contact the substrate 1150 when the wearable device 1000 is in use and / or when the hub 1200 and dock 1100 are coupled together. As described above, the hub 1200 (e.g., the shell 1200c) may include openings 1224a, 1224b configured to allow the probes 1244a, 1244b to penetrate the housing (defined by the shells 1200a, 1200c) and contact the substrate 1150 when the wearable device 1000 is in use and / or when the hub 1200 and dock 1100 are coupled together.

[0084] Temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d may be configured to generate one or more signals in response to detected thermal energy, determine a temperature, and / or continuously and / or intermittently transmit such generated signal(s) and / or such determined temperature(s) to processor 1001 (e.g., processor 1237) of wearable device 1000. For example, temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d may be configured to generate one or more signals in response to detected thermal energy, determine a temperature, and / or transmit such generated signal(s) and / or such determined temperature(s) every 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 2 seconds, 3 seconds, 4 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, 4 minutes, 5 minutes, or other intervals. Such generated signal(s), determined temperature(s), and / or transmission of such generated signal(s) and / or determined temperature(s) may be simultaneous or asynchronous for each of the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d.

[0085] Wearable device 1000 may be used to measure a user's temperature over time. As described above, wearable device 1000 may be configured to wirelessly communicate with a separate computing device, such as a patient monitor and / or a mobile device (e.g., a smartphone). Wearable device 1000 may, among other things, wirelessly transmit physiological data (e.g., temperature data) over time (continuously or periodically) to such a separate computing device for display. Also, as described above, wearable device 1000 may wirelessly transmit processed or raw acquired physiological information to (for example) a mobile phone, which may include one or more hardware processors configured to execute an application that generates a graphical user interface that displays information representative of the processed or raw physiological information acquired from wearable device 1000. Such a graphical user interface may, among other things, display continuous and / or periodic measurements acquired from wearable device 1000, display and / or issue various types of alerts, and display physiological trend information (e.g., temperature trends). Functionality or aspects displayed by such a graphical user interface may include, but are not limited to, a splash screen, onboarding, device setup, instructions (e.g., both visual / graphical displays and text) for securing the wearable device 1000 to a user and / or pairing the wearable device 1000 to a separate computing device, a temperature data and / or trend display dashboard, user scenarios, notes (such as medication notes and reminders as well as other user activity notes), temperature trend data and information, user settings and profiles, app settings, and alerts and push notifications.

[0086] Temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d may be mounted on and spaced apart from a first surface of circuit board 1230. A second surface of circuit board 1230 opposite the first surface of circuit board 1231 may face toward temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c and toward circuit board 1231 (e.g., toward the first surface of circuit board 1231 on which temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c are mounted). The circuit board 1230 (e.g., a second surface of the circuit board 1230 opposite the first surface of the circuit board 1230 on which temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d are mounted) can be separated from temperature sensor 1240a and / or temperature sensor 1240c by a distance that can be about 0.5 mm, about 1 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 2 mm, about 2.5 mm, about 3 mm, about 3.5 mm, or about 4 mm, any value or range between any of these values, any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, at least about 0.1 mm, at least about 0.2 mm, at least about 0.3 mm, at least about 0.4 mm, at least about 0.5 mm, at least about 1 mm, at least about 1.5 mm, at least about 2 mm, at least about 2.5 mm, at least about 3 mm, at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 4 mm.

[0087] Temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, and probe 1244a may be substantially aligned with one another. Similarly, temperature sensors 1240c, 1240d, and probe 1244b may be substantially aligned with one another. Temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b may be thermally insulated from one another. For example, with reference to at least FIGS. 5N-5P, an air gap may exist at least partially between temperature sensors 1240a and 1240b. For example, an air gap may be positioned at least partially between temperature sensor 1240a, the second / bottom surface of circuit board 1230, and temperature sensor 1240b. In some variations, an insulating material is positioned in place of such an air gap.

[0088] Temperature sensors 1240c, 1240d may be thermally coupled to one another, for example, by thermally conductive element 1242. Thermally conductive element 1242 may be positioned at least partially between temperature sensors 1240c, 1240d. For example, thermally conductive element 1242 may be positioned between temperature sensor 1240c and a second surface of circuit board 1230 that faces a first surface of circuit board 1230 on which temperature sensor 1240d is mounted. Thermally conductive element 1242 may also be positioned between a hole through circuit board 1230 (which may be in arrangement 1277c of FIG. 5R) and temperature sensor 1240c. The thermally conductive element 1242 may include a first end 1242a secured to the second surface of the circuit board 1230 (e.g., adjacent to the hole positioned at location 1277c in FIG. 5R), a second end 1242c secured to the temperature sensor 1240c, and a stem 1242b positioned between the first end 1242a and the second end 1242c. The thermally conductive element 1242 may include a rigid or semi-rigid material. The thermally conductive element 1242 may be in a bent configuration in which the stem 1242b is at least partially bent when assembled. The thermally conductive element 1242 may include a metallic material, such as copper. As another example, the thermally conductive element 1242 may include beryllium copper (BeCu). In some implementations, a thermally conductive material (e.g., thermal paste) is positioned between end 1242c and temperature sensor 1240c, which can advantageously increase thermal conductivity in some cases. Such thermal paste may include zinc oxide and / or may be silicone-free. Thermally conductive element 1242 may be similar to or identical (e.g., with respect to its dimensions) to thermally conductive element 342 described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0089] 5Y illustrates a cross-section of the wearable device 1000 when the wearable device 1000 is secured to a user's skin. Accurately estimating internal body temperature based on temperature measurements taken through the skin is often difficult. Advantageously, the arrangement of the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d with various other components of the wearable device 1000 disclosed herein can facilitate a more robust determination of internal body temperature.

[0090] As previously described, the wearable device 1000 can include a substrate 1150 that can be positioned to contact and / or secure to a user's skin when the wearable device 1000 is in use. The wearable device 1000 can be secured to the skin via securing the dock 1100 (and substrate 1150) to the skin before, during, and / or after securing the hub 1200 to the dock 1100 as described elsewhere herein. Also, as previously described, the thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b can pass through openings 1132 in the frame 1130 of the dock 1100 and contact the substrate 1150 (e.g., an outer surface of the substrate 1150 or an inner surface of the substrate 1150 opposite the skin-facing surface) when the hub 1200 and dock 1100 are coupled together. In some cases, the probes 1244a, 1244b “bulge” the substrate 1150 due to, for example, the length of the probes 1244a, 1244b relative to the dimensions of the hub 1200 and / or dock 1100 (and / or portions thereof), as shown in FIG. 5Y (which may be an exaggerated representation of such “bulge”). Such bulging may cause corresponding pressure and / or “bulging” of a portion of the underlying user's skin (see FIG. 5Y). In some implementations, the probes 1244a, 1244b are not configured to cause such “bulging” and simply contact the substrate 1150. In some implementations, none of the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d nor any of the thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b contact the user's skin when the wearable device 1000 is in use. When the wearable device 1000 is in use, the probes 1244a, 1244b may receive thermal energy through contact with the substrate 1150, which itself is in contact with the skin and receives thermal energy from the skin. Such a configuration may result in more consistent temperature readings, as moisture and / or other properties of the skin (e.g., the level of oil or dirt on the skin) may result in uneven temperature readings.

[0091] Thermal energy radiating from within the user's body and passing through the skin can be conducted through the substrate 1150 and through the thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b. The thermally conductive probes 1244a, 1244b can act as thermal conduits to transfer the thermal energy toward the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c. As described above, the circuit board 1231 can include holes that can allow such thermal energy to pass through the circuit board 1231 to the temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c.

[0092] In addition to temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c, wearable device 1000 may include temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d. Temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d may be operably positioned within the housing defined by shells 1200a, 1200c so as to be positioned farther from the user's skin than temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c when wearable device 1000 is secured to a user. For example, temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d may be positioned on a surface of circuit board 1230 facing toward the top inner surface of shell 1200a. Such an arrangement allows temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d to be more sensitive to ambient temperature (e.g., the environmental temperature outside the housing of wearable device 1000). In some variations, a thermal putty (e.g., a ceramic-filled silicone sheet) is positioned between the temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d and the top inner surface of the shell 1200a to improve thermal contact between the temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d and the surroundings.

[0093] As described herein, an air gap may be positioned between temperature sensors 1240a and 1240b (e.g., between circuit board 1230 and temperature sensor 1240a). Also, as described above, a thermally conductive element 1242 (only partially shown in cross section in FIG. 5Y) may be positioned between temperature sensors 1240c, 1240d. In such a configuration, two inherent thermal gradients may be established within wearable device 1000, one between temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b (which may have an air gap therebetween) and another between temperature sensors 1240c, 1240d (which may have a thermally conductive element 1242 therebetween), similar to those described with respect to wearable device 100 in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference. Temperature data from each of temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, and 1240d may be advantageously utilized by wearable device 1000 in a manner similar or identical to that described with respect to wearable device 100 in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2023 / 0087671, which is incorporated herein by reference, which may facilitate determining a more robust approximation of body temperature. For example, temperature data from temperature sensors 1240a and 1240b may be compared (e.g., a difference therebetween may be determined), and / or temperature sensors 1240c and 1240d may be compared (e.g., a difference therebetween may be determined). Additionally or alternatively, a comparison may be made between temperature data from temperature sensors 1240a, 1240c, and / or between temperature sensors 1240b, 1240d (e.g., a difference therebetween may be determined). Additionally or alternatively, a comparison may be made between the temperature data from temperature sensors 1240a, 1240d and / or between temperature sensors 1240b, 1240c (eg, a difference therebetween may be determined).Additionally, known information about the thermal properties of the air (which may be present between temperature sensors 1240 a, 1240 b as previously described) and / or the thermally conductive element 1242 can be utilized in conjunction with temperature data and / or a comparison of temperature data from temperature sensors 1240 a, 1240 b, 1240 c, 1240 d to determine a robust approximation of the body temperature. Such information can be advantageously utilized to solve the challenge of estimating the body temperature based on skin temperature readings. The wearable device 1000 (e.g., processor 1001 / 1237) can determine a body temperature value based on any of the above comparisons and / or differences and / or other information.

[0094] 5W-5X illustrate cross-sections of the hub 1200 in the arrangement shown in FIGS. 5C-5D. In some implementations, the wearable device 1000 is configured to monitor the user's body sounds. Such body sounds include the user's cardiac activity, pulmonary activity, snoring, wheezing, coughing, choking, and / or breathing, and / or the like. The wearable device 1000 may include a digital stethoscope for this purpose. As shown in FIGS. 5W-5X, the wearable device 1000 may include a diaphragm 1264 configured to move (e.g., vibrate) in response to such body sounds (e.g., cardiac and / or pulmonary activity) of the user to whom the wearable device 1000 is attached. The diaphragm 1264 may be coupled to the shell 1200c as described above. Movement (e.g., vibration) of diaphragm 1264 can generate sound waves within an interior portion of wearable device 1000, such as interior portion 1275 identified in FIGS. 5W-5X. Interior portion 1275 (which may also be referred to as a "sound cavity") may be within a housing of wearable device 1000, which may be defined by shells 1200a, 1200c. Such interior portion 1275 may be at least partially defined, for example, between diaphragm 1264, a portion of circuit board 1231, and / or a portion of shell 1200c. Sound waves generated within interior portion 1275 by diaphragm 1264 (in response to the user's body sounds) may be detected by microphone 1266. In some implementations, microphone 1266 is positioned on a first surface of circuit board 1231 opposite a second surface of circuit board 1231 that defines interior portion 1275 and / or is positioned adjacent interior portion 1275. In some such implementations, circuit board 1231 includes one or more holes configured to allow sound waves generated by diaphragm 1264 to pass through circuit board 1231 and reach microphone 1266. For example, circuit board 1231 may include hole 1231k positioned adjacent microphone 1266.In some implementations, the hole 1231k is not aligned with the axis passing through the microphone 1266. The microphone 1266 can detect the sound waves and generate one or more signals based on the detected sound waves. Such one or more signals can then be received by one or more processors of the wearable device 1000 (e.g., processor 1001 / 1137) for determining body sounds, including the user's cardiac and / or pulmonary function. In some implementations, the interior portion 1275 is substantially sealed. For example, with reference to FIGS. 5K-5M and 5W-5X, a portion of the shell 1200c (such as portion 1220b) can seal against a portion of the circuit board 1231 around the hole 1231k, and the diaphragm 1264 can be sealably coupled to the shell 1200c around the opening 1229 in the shell 1200c. Such a sealing arrangement can advantageously enhance the quality of sound detection by microphone 1266, thus enabling improved body sound monitoring (which may include cardiac and / or pulmonary activity / function monitoring) by wearable device 1000. In some implementations, wearable device 1000 can include microphone 1267 as described herein configured to detect vibrations of the housing (e.g., the user's clothing rubbing against the housing) and / or ambient noise / sound waves (e.g., sounds outside the housing) and generate one or more signals based on such vibrations / sound waves. Such one or more signals can then be received by one or more processors of wearable device 1000 (e.g., processors 1001 / 1137) for determining ambient noise. Furthermore, one or more processors of the wearable device can determine at least one of corrected cardiac measurements and corrected pulmonary measurements (e.g., background-subtracted measurements) in response to the signals from microphones 1266 and 1267. When microphone 1267 is included in wearable device 1000, it may be positioned farther away from the user than microphone 1266 when wearable device 1000 is in use.For example, microphone 1267 may be mounted to circuit board 1230 as shown in at least FIG. 5U.

[0095] 5Y and 5Z illustrate cross-sectional views through the wearable device 1000 as identified in FIG. 1D attached to a user. FIG. 5Y is a cross-sectional view through the probes 1244a, 1244b in particular, showing how they may interact with the substrate 1150 and the user's skin. As shown, the wearable device 1000 may be configured such that the probes 1244a, 1244b apply pressure to the substrate 1150 and, in turn, the user's skin. Such a configuration may help thermally couple the probes 1244a, 1244b to the user, which may in turn improve the wearable device 1000's determination of the user's body temperature.

[0096] 5Y, the probes 1244a, 1244b can, in some implementations, extend a distance D1 below an outer surface (e.g., a bottom surface) of the hub 1200a. As further shown, the probes 1244a, 1244b can, in some implementations, extend a distance D2 below an outer surface (e.g., a bottom surface) of the frame 1130 of the dock 1100. Distances D1 and D2 can be about 0.1 mm, about 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, about 1 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 2 mm, about 2.5 mm, about 3 mm, about 3.5 mm, or about 4 mm, any value or range between any of these values, any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, at least about 0.1 mm, at least about 0.2 mm, at least about 0.3 mm, at least about 0.4 mm, at least about 0.5 mm, at least about 1 mm, at least about 1.5 mm, at least about 2 mm, at least about 2.5 mm, at least about 3 mm, at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 4 mm. In some implementations, probes 1244 a, 1244 b are configured to be flush or substantially flush with the outer surface of hub 1200 a and / or the outer surface of frame 1130. In some implementations (not shown), the substrate 1150 can include openings configured to allow the probes 1244a, 1244b to pass therethrough and directly contact the user's skin. Further, as shown, the hub 1200 of the wearable device 1000 can have a width W2, and the dock 1100 of the wearable device 1000 can have a width extending beyond the width W2 on either side of the hub 1200 of W1. The width W1 can be about 3 mm, about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 5.5 mm, about 6 mm, about 6.5 mm, about 7 mm, about 7.5 mm, about 8 mm, about 8.5 mm, about 9 mm, about 9.5 mm, about 10 mm, about 11 mm, about 12 mm, about 13 mm, any value or range between any of these values, any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, or at least about 3 mm.The width W2 can be about 10 mm, about 15 mm, about 20 mm, about 25 mm, about 30 mm, about 35 mm, about 40 mm, about 45 mm, about 50 mm, about 55 mm, about 60 mm, any value or range between any of these values, any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, or at least about 10 mm.

[0097] 5Z particularly shows a cross-sectional view through the diaphragm 1264, illustrating how it may interact with the substrate 1150 and the user's skin. As shown, in some implementations, the wearable device 1000 may be configured such that the diaphragm 1264 applies pressure to the substrate 1150 and, in turn, the user's skin. Such a configuration may aid in acoustic coupling between the diaphragm 1264 and the user, which may in turn improve body sound determination by the wearable device 1000 (e.g., improve the functionality of a digital stethoscope formed at least in part by the diaphragm 1264).

[0098] 5Z, the diaphragm 1264 can, in some implementations, extend a distance D3 below the outer surface (e.g., bottom surface) of the hub 1200a. As further shown, the diaphragm 1264 can, in some implementations, extend a distance D4 below the outer surface (e.g., bottom surface) of the frame 1130 of the dock 1100. Distances D3 and D4 can be about 0.1 mm, about 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, about 1 mm, about 1.5 mm, about 2 mm, about 2.5 mm, about 3 mm, about 3.5 mm, or about 4 mm, any value or range therebetween, any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, at least about 0.1 mm, at least about 0.2 mm, at least about 0.3 mm, at least about 0.4 mm, at least about 0.5 mm, at least about 1 mm, at least about 1.5 mm, at least about 2 mm, at least about 2.5 mm, at least about 3 mm, at least about 3.5 mm, or at least about 4 mm. In some implementations, diaphragm 1264 is configured to be flush or substantially flush with the outer surface of hub 1200 a and / or the outer surface of frame 1130. In some implementations (not shown), the substrate 1150 can include an opening configured to allow the diaphragm 1264 to pass therethrough and directly contact the user's skin. In some implementations, the substrate 1150 can be modified (e.g., heat pressed) to increase its acoustic conductivity. Further, as shown, the hub 1200 of the wearable device 1000 can have a length W4, and the dock 1100 of the wearable device 1000 can have a length that extends beyond the length W4 on either side of the hub 1200 of W3. The length W3 can be about 3 mm, about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 5.5 mm, about 6 mm, about 6.5 mm, about 7 mm, about 7.5 mm, about 8 mm, about 8.5 mm, about 9 mm, about 9.5 mm, about 10 mm, about 11 mm, about 12 mm, about 13 mm, any value or range between any of these values, any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, or at least about 3 mm.The length W4 can be about 10 mm, about 15 mm, about 20 mm, about 25 mm, about 30 mm, about 35 mm, about 40 mm, about 45 mm, about 50 mm, about 55 mm, about 60 mm, any value or range between any of these values, any value or range bounded by any combination of these values, or at least about 10 mm.

[0099] Continuing with reference to FIG. 5Z , with regard to the digital stethoscope function of the wearable device 1000 in some implementations, the substrate 1150 can be configured to attach to the user's skin and move with the user's skin / body. In other words, the substrate 1150 can be tightly coupled to the user's skin and / or function as an extension of the user's skin. Furthermore, the substrate 1150 can be non-attenuating (e.g., non-acoustically attenuating). The substrate 1150 can be, for example, 3M 2480 material with a silicone adhesive and a nonwoven spunlace liner. As discussed herein, in some implementations, the substrate 1150 can be modified when in contact with the diaphragm 1264 to improve acoustic transmission characteristics. For example, holes can be formed in the substrate 1150 to allow the diaphragm 1264 to directly contact / couple to the user's skin. As another example, the substrate 1150 can be heat-pressed when in contact with the diaphragm 1264.

[0100] 6A-8AE illustrate wearable device 2000, a variation of wearable device 1000 described and illustrated with respect to FIGS. 1A-5AA. FIG. 6A illustrates a top perspective view of wearable device 2000. Wearable device 2000 may be similar to or identical to wearable device 1000 in some or many respects. Aspects of wearable device 2000 that are the same, similar, or have the same or similar functionality are labeled beginning with a "2" instead of a "1," as with wearable device 1000. For example, wearable device 2000 may include dock 2100 that is identical to dock 1100. Additionally, wearable device 2000 may include hub 2200 that is similar in many respects to hub 1200. 2 and described with respect to wearable device 1000. Additionally, wearable device 2000 may include a housing formed by first portion 2200a and second portion 2200c, button 2260, display 2262, status indicator 2215, probes 2244a, 2244b, circuit boards 2130, 2131, processor 2237, antenna 2235, frame 2234, temperature sensors 2240a, 2240b, 2240c, 2240d, motion sensor 2265, microphone 2266, microphone 2267, diaphragm 2264, and the system of wearable device 1000. The housing formed by wells 1200a and 1200c, button 1260, display 1262, status indicator 1215, probes 1244a, 1244b, circuit boards 1130, 1131, processor 1237, antenna 1235, frame 1234, temperature sensors 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d, motion sensor 1265, microphone 1266, microphone 1267, and diaphragm 1264 may include other features that are the same as or similar to and / or have the same or similar functionality as.

[0101] FIGS. 6B-6G illustrate top, bottom, side, and end views, respectively, of wearable device 2000. FIG. 7A illustrates a top perspective view of hub 2200 and dock 2100 of wearable device 2000 separated from each other. FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate a top perspective view of hub 2200. FIGS. 8C-8D illustrate top and bottom views, respectively, of hub 2200. FIG. 8E illustrates a bottom perspective view of hub 2200. FIG. 8F illustrates an end view of hub 2200. FIGS. 8G-8H illustrate an exploded view of hub 2200. FIGS. 8I-8J illustrate bottom perspective views of first portion 2200a of the housing of hub 2200. Figures 8K-8M illustrate top and bottom perspective views of housing second portion 2200c of hub 2200. Figures 8N-8P illustrate top perspective views of third portion 2200b of hub 2200, Figure 8Q illustrates a bottom perspective view of third portion 2200b of hub 2200, and Figure 8R illustrates a partially exploded bottom perspective view of third portion 2200b of hub 2200. Figures 8S-8T illustrate top perspective views of a portion of hub 2200. Figure 8U illustrates a top view of circuit board 2230 of hub 2200. Figure 8V illustrates a top view of circuit board 2231 of hub 2200. Figures 8W-8X illustrate partially exploded top and bottom perspective views of a portion of hub 2200, respectively. FIGS. 8Y-8AA illustrate top and bottom perspective views of a portion of hub 2200. FIG. 8AB illustrates a cross-sectional view through hub 2200 as identified in FIGS. 8C-8D. FIG. 8AC illustrates a cross-sectional view through hub 2200 as identified in FIGS. 8C-8D. FIG. 8AD illustrates a cross-sectional view through wearable device 2000 as identified in FIG. 6C secured to a user's skin. Dimensions W5, W6, D5, and D6 of wearable device 2000 may be similar to or the same as dimensions W1, W2, D1, and D2 of wearable device 1000 described with respect to FIG. 5Y. FIG. 8AE illustrates a cross-sectional view through wearable device 2000 as identified in FIG. 6C secured to a user's skin.Dimensions W7, W8, D7, and D8 of wearable device 2000 may be similar to or the same as dimensions W3, W4, D3, and D4 of wearable device 1000 described with respect to FIG. 5Z.

[0102] Wearable device 2000 may be the same as or similar in some or many respects to wearable device 1000, although wearable device 2000 may differ with respect to at least the thermal connectivity between its circuit boards 2130, 2131, thermally conductive elements 2242, its temperature sensors 2240a, 2240b, 2240c, 2240d, and / or the configuration of aspects of a digital stethoscope (when included).

[0103] For example, as shown in at least FIGS. 8Q-8R, 8W-8AA, and 8AB-8AC, the digital stethoscope of wearable device 2000 can include a diaphragm 2264, a microphone 2266, a bracket 2267, a flexible circuit 2268, a substrate 2269, and an interior portion 2275 formed by diaphragm 2264 and at least a portion of shell 2200c. Microphone 2266 can be operably connected to circuit board 2231 via flexible circuit 2268. Flexible circuit 2268 can be configured to attenuate vibrations (e.g., vibrations from the housing of wearable device 2000) that may affect the function of the digital stethoscope. The end of flexible circuit 2268 where microphone 2266 is attached can include an opening 2268a that allows vibrations / sound waves generated by diaphragm 2264 to reach microphone 2266. The same end of this flexible circuit 2268 may rest on a bracket 2267, which may include an opening 2267a aligned with opening 2268a for the same purpose of allowing vibrations / sound waves generated by diaphragm 2264 to reach microphone 2266. Bracket 2267 may itself rest on portion 2220b of shell 2200c, which may serve to isolate housing vibrations due to its material properties (e.g., the same as or similar to those described herein with respect to portion 1220b). Substrate 2269 is positioned against microphone 2266, and may serve to further isolate housing vibrations due to its material properties (e.g., substrate 2269 may include foam and / or a soft material). Thus, the digital stethoscope of wearable device 2000 may be configured to acoustically isolate microphone 2266 from vibrations and / or sound waves of the housing of wearable device 2000, and / or ambient noise. In some implementations, as shown, the microphone 2266 can be substantially aligned with an axis passing through the center of the diaphragm.In some implementations, the microphone 2266 may be mounted below the flexible circuit 2268, and the bracket 2267 may be positioned above the flexible circuit 2268 (not shown). Similar to the diaphragm 1264, the diaphragm 2264 may be hermetically sealed to the second portion 2200c of the housing of the wearable device 2000. Additionally, the interior portion 2275 may be substantially sealed.

[0104] Due to differences in the configuration of the digital stethoscope between wearable device 2000 and wearable device 1000, the configuration of the circuit boards 2130, 2131 relative to the battery 2232 may also differ between the wearable devices. For example, as shown in FIG. 8R, wearable device 2000 may include an electrically insulating board 2236 that may be positioned between the battery 2232 and the circuit board 2230.

[0105] The configuration of circuit boards 2130, 2131, thermally conductive element 2242, and temperature sensors 2240a, 2240b, 2240c, 2240d is another example in which wearable device 2000 may differ from wearable device 1000. As shown at least in FIGS. 8N-8P and 8R-8V, thermally conductive element 2242 may be positioned at least partially between temperature sensors 2240a and 2240c, thermally connecting them (e.g., an opposite configuration from that of wearable device 1000). In such a configuration, an air gap may thermally insulate temperature sensors 2240b and 2240d (e.g., an opposite configuration from that of wearable device 1000). Additionally, thermally conductive element 2242 may differ from thermally conductive element 1242. As shown in the above figures, the thermally conductive element can have an end 2242a that can at least partially penetrate through a hole 2243b in the circuit board 2230, an end 2242c that can at least partially penetrate through a hole 2243a in the circuit board 2231, and a portion 2242b that extends between the ends 2242a and 2242c. As an example, the thermally conductive element 2242 can comprise a pin header. Furthermore, the thermally conductive element can include a thermally conductive metal material such as copper. The end 2242c of the thermally conductive element 2242 can be thermally connected to the thermally conductive probe 2244a and the temperature sensor 2240a via the thermally conductive material 2241a. The end 2242a of the thermally conductive element 2242 can be thermally connected to the temperature sensor 2240c via the thermally conductive material 2241b. The thermally conductive materials 2241a, 2241b may, for example, comprise copper floods within the layers of the circuit boards 2231, 2230, respectively.

[0106] FIG. 9 shows one implementation of a wearable device 2000 attached to a user (e.g., the user's skin). While a wearable device 2000 is illustrated, this same technique can be applied to any of the wearable devices described herein (including the wearable device 1000). As shown, a substrate 2170 can encase at least a portion of the wearable device 2000 and secure the wearable device 2000 to the user. The substrate 2170 can include a stretchable or non-stretchable material. Additionally, the substrate 2170 can include a transparent or translucent material, for example, to allow a user and / or medical personnel to see through the substrate 2170. In some implementations, the substrate 2170 encases the entire wearable device 2000. In some embodiments, the substrate 2170 is sized and / or shaped to extend beyond the width and / or length of the wearable device 2000 for securing directly to the user's skin along the periphery of the wearable device 2000.

[0107] FIG. 10 shows one implementation of a portion of a wearable device 2000 attached to a user (e.g., the user's skin). While a wearable device 2000 is illustrated, the same technique can be applied to any of the wearable devices described herein (including wearable device 1000). As shown, the substrate 2170 described with respect to FIG. 9 can encase the hub 2200 of the wearable device 2000 and secure the hub 2200 to the user. In other words, in some implementations, the hub 2200 can be secured to the user without the dock 2100. In some implementations, the substrate 2170 encases the entire hub 2200. In some embodiments, the substrate 2170 has a size and / or shape that extends beyond the width and / or length of the hub 2200 so as to secure directly to the user's skin along the periphery of the hub 2200.

[0108] 11A-11B illustrate wearable devices 3000, 4000, which are modifications of wearable devices 1000, 2000 described and illustrated with respect to FIGS. 1A-5AA and 6A-8AE. Wearable devices 3000, 4000 may be identical to wearable devices 1000, 2000 except that they may include ECG functionality (and as such are labeled with "3" and "4" instead of "1" and "2"). For example, as shown, wearable devices 3000, 4000 may include cables 3300, 4300 and corresponding external ECG electrodes 3350, 4350. Such ECG electrodes 3350, 4350 may be configured to be attached to a user and to output one or more signals in response to the user's cardiac electrical activity. One or more hardware processors of wearable device 3000, 4000 may be configured to receive one or more signals from external ECG electrodes (e.g., via respective cables 3300, 4300) in response to the user's cardiac electrical activity and to determine the user's ECG in response to the one or more signals. Wearable device 3000 may differ from wearable device 4000 in that cable 3300 and corresponding external ECG electrodes 3350 may extend from hub 3200 of wearable device 3000. In such a configuration, dock 3100 of wearable device 3000 does not include any electronic components. Alternatively, wearable device 4000 may be configured such that cable 4300 and corresponding external ECG electrodes 4350 can connect to corresponding electrical connectors (not shown) of dock 4100 and then electrically connect to corresponding electrical connectors (not shown) of hub 4200 when dock 4100 and hub 4200 are connected to each other. In some implementations, the wearable device 3000, 4000 can include one or more internal ECG electrodes configured to output one or more signals in response to the electrical activity of the user's heart. Such internal ECG electrodes can be integrated into the hub 3200, 4200 or dock 3100, 4100.In such an implementation, one or more hardware processors of the wearable device 3000, 4000 may be configured to receive one or more signals from the internal ECG electrodes in response to the user's cardiac electrical activity and to determine the user's ECG in response to the one or more signals. Wearable devices 3000, 4000 may be similar to or identical to and / or incorporate any of the features described with respect to any of the devices, assemblies, methods, and / or systems described and / or illustrated in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2020 / 0329993, filed April 16, 2020, entitled "ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DEVICE," U.S. Patent Publication No. 2022 / 0233128, filed April 4, 2022, entitled "ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DEVICE," and U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 486456, filed February 2, 2023, entitled "ELECTROCARDIOGRAM DEVICE," which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0109] FIG. 12 illustrates two call devices 5100, 6100 (which may also be referred to herein as “devices,” “healthcare worker call devices,” “nurse call devices,” or “caregiver call devices”) in an exemplary medical environment (which may also be referred to as a “healthcare environment” or “care environment”) in which a user 1 is positioned in a hospital bed 3. Although two nurse call devices 5100, 6100 are illustrated in FIG. 12 , this merely illustrates two exemplary configurations in which the devices 5100, 6100 may be placed relative to a patient 1 in a medical environment. As shown, the call devices 5100, 6100 may be configured to secure to a surface of the hospital bed 3. Also shown, the call devices 5100, 6100 may be configured to secure to a surface near or adjacent to the hospital bed 3, such as the surface of a bedside desk or drawer. Advantageously, the paging device 5100, 6100 is configured to be secured to a surface within reach of and / or convenient for the user 1, which may be customized to the user 1 and take into account the user's mobility limitations. FIG. 12 also illustrates an exemplary patient monitor 10, which may be mounted to a wall, for example, via a wall mount as shown. Also shown is a patient monitoring wearable device 20 (which may also be referred to as a "wearable device" or a "physiological function monitoring device") and an oximetry sensor 30. The patient monitoring device 20 may be similar to any of the monitors described and / or illustrated in U.S. Patient Monitoring Device 10, filed February 7, 2013, entitled "WIRELESS PATIENT MONITORING DEVICE," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, and the oximetry sensor 30 may be similar to or identical to any of the optical sensors described and / or illustrated therein.12, only patient monitoring device 20 and oximetry sensor 30 are illustrated attached to user 1, various alternative or additional patient monitors and / or sensors may be utilized with paging devices 5100, 6100 in the exemplary medical environment and attached to user 1. For example, any of the wearable devices described herein (e.g., wearable devices 1000, 2000, 3000, and / or 4000) may be secured to user 1.

[0110] 12 is a patient monitor 10. The patient monitor 10 may be configured to display one or more physiological parameters or multiple physiological parameters of a user 1 received (e.g., wirelessly) by one or more physiological sensors (e.g., from a monitoring device 20, an oximetry sensor 30, or any of the wearable devices 1000, 2000, 3000, and / or 4000 described herein). The patient monitor 10 may operate and / or be configured to operate in a manner similar to or identical to any of the medical monitoring hubs described and / or illustrated in U.S. Patent No. 10,010,276, filed October 6, 2014, and entitled "REGIONAL OXIMETRY USER INTERFACE," which is incorporated herein in its entirety.

[0111] 13A-13E illustrate diagrams of a call device 5100. FIGS. 15A-15E illustrate diagrams of another call device 6100. FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of some features that may be included in call devices 5100, 6100. While the phrase "nurse call device" may be used herein, such language is not intended to be limiting and is not intended to imply that any of the devices disclosed herein must be utilized to communicate with a "nurse." Any of the devices described herein (e.g., devices 5100, 6100) may be utilized to communicate with a person who may provide care to a user (e.g., a patient) (e.g., via a device associated with such person) and / or a person whose job it is to monitor the user's health.

[0112] 13A-13E and 15A-15E, the nurse call device 5100, 6100 may include a body portion 5102, 6102. The body portion 5102, 6102 may have a variety of shapes and sizes. In some implementations, the body portion 5102, 6102 has at least one flat side and / or surface that allows the device 5100, 6100 to be placed flat or flush on a surface such as, for example, a hospital bed (or a portion of a hospital bed, such as a wall or railing of the hospital bed), a desk, a drawer, and / or a table, among others. In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 includes an adhesive material on a portion thereof (such as a portion of the body portion 5102, 6102) that allows the device 5100, 6100 to be secured in various orientations relative to the surface. Such adhesive material can enable the device 5100, 6100 to be secured to, for example, a portion of a hospital bed 3, such as a siderail of the hospital bed 3 as shown in FIG. 12 , and / or a desk. In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 includes adhesive material on the bottom and / or flat surface of the body portion 5102, 6102 that enables the device 5100, 6100 to be secured to a surface in, for example, a substantially vertical orientation with respect to the siderail of the hospital bed 3 and / or a substantially horizontal orientation as shown in FIG. 12 (although other orientations, such as between vertical and horizontal, are possible as well). For example, in some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 includes adhesive material along the bottom and / or flat surface of the body portion 5102, 6102, as indicated by numerals 5106 and 6106 in the figures. In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 is configured to be removably secured to a surface (e.g., via the adhesive material). As described in more detail below and illustrated, the device 5100, 6100 may include a user input 5112 that enables a user to interact with the device 5100, 6100 and, for example, cause the device 5100, 6100 to perform one or more actions (e.g., wirelessly communicate with a separate device associated with a medical professional).Such a user input 5112 may be disposed in a location relative to the body 5102, 6102 that is accessible to a user when the device 5100, 6100 is secured to a surface. Figures 13A, 13D, 15A, and 15D illustrate buttons 5104, 6104 that may be one implementation of such a user input 5112. Aspects of the user input 5112 and buttons 5104, 6104 are described in further detail below.

[0113] 14 , the device 5100, 6100 may include a controller 5110, a user input 5112, a communication module 5114, and a battery 5116. The controller 5110 may be configured to control the operation of the device 5100, 6100. The controller 5110 includes a hardware processor and a storage device, where such a storage device may be coupled to the hardware processor. In some implementations, the controller 5110 is embodied on a printed circuit board. The controller 5110 (e.g., utilizing such a hardware processor) may be configured to, among other things, receive and / or process data, execute instructions to perform one or more functions, and / or control the operation of the device 5100, 6100. For example, the controller 5110 may be configured to control the operation of the communication module 5114 based on input received from the user input 5112. Such storage devices may include one or more memory devices for storing data, including, but not limited to, dynamic and / or static random access memory (RAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and the like.

[0114] The user input 5112 can, for example, enable a user to interact with the device 5100, 6100 and cause the device 5100, 6100 to perform one or more actions. For example, the user input 5112 can enable the device 5100, 6100 to receive input from a user (e.g., a patient) and communicate with a separate device associated with a medical professional. Such communication can be associated with a request for a medical professional to visit the user, for example, to address a need. In at least the implementations of the illustrated devices 5100, 6100 in FIGS. 13A and 15A , each device includes a button 5104, 6104 that can be pressed by a user; such buttons 5104, 6104 are one exemplary implementation of the user input 5112.

[0115] The button 5104, 6104 may be operably positioned with respect to the body portion 5102, 6102 and, in some implementations, may be movable relative to the body portion 5102, 6102. The button 5104, 6104 may include an actuator and a switch. In some implementations, the actuator is configured to move between a first position in which the actuator is not in contact with the switch and a second position in which the actuator is in contact with the switch. In some such implementations, the actuator is biased toward such a first position. In some implementations, the actuator is configured to move vertically (e.g., relative to the body portion 5102, 6102) when moved from the first position to the second position and / or between the first and second positions. In some implementations, the actuator is configured to move laterally (e.g., relative to the body portion 5102, 6102) when moved from the first position to the second position and / or between the first and second positions, for example, according to a sliding-type configuration. In some such implementations, the switch is configured to communicate with the controller 5110 when the actuator is in the first position, or alternatively when the actuator is in the second position. Such communication may be, for example, via one or more signals transmitted to the controller 5110 (e.g., via circuitry of the device 5100, 6100). Such signals may be referred to as “user input signals.” In some implementations, the controller 5110 is configured to determine a length of time that the actuator is in the second position and to direct the communications module 5114 to wirelessly transmit one or more communication signals to a separate device associated with the medical professional when the length of time is equal to or greater than a first threshold. In some implementations, the controller 5110 is configured to direct the communications module 5114 to wirelessly transmit one or more communication signals to a separate device associated with the medical professional only when the length of time is equal to or greater than a first threshold.For example, in some implementations, the controller 5110 is configured to instruct the communications module 5114 to wirelessly transmit one or more communication signals to a separate device associated with a medical professional only when the actuator of the button 5104, 6104 is held in the second position described above for at least 1 second, at least 2 seconds, at least 3 seconds, at least 4 seconds, or at least 5 seconds. Such an implementation can advantageously prevent inadvertent / accidental operation of the device 5100, 6100 by a user in some cases, for example, if a part of the user's body inadvertently presses against the button 5104, 6104.

[0116] The user input 5112 may be implemented as alternative mechanisms other than the buttons 5104, 6104. In some implementations, the user input 5112 does not include an actuator and / or a switch, and / or the user input 5112 does not include a moving component. In some implementations, the user input 5112 comprises a capacitance or resistance sensor that may be utilized to receive input from a user.

[0117] In some implementations, the user input 5112 (e.g., implemented as a button 5104, 6104) may be recessed with respect to the body portion 5102, 6102 and / or otherwise positioned below a surface (e.g., a surface opposite the surface 5106, 6106) of the body portion 5102, 6102. Such positioning helps prevent a user from inadvertently pressing and / or activating the user input 5112.

[0118] The communications module 5114 can facilitate communications (e.g., wireless communications) between the device 5100, 6100 and separate devices, such as separate monitoring and / or mobile devices associated with one or more healthcare professionals. The communications module 5114 can be configured to enable the device 5100, 6100 to communicate wirelessly with other devices, systems, and / or networks over a variety of communications protocols, including, for example, Wi-Fi (802.11x), Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-wave, cellular, infrared, near field communication (NFC), RFID, satellite transmission, proprietary protocols, combinations thereof, and the like. The communications module 5114 can be and / or include a wireless transceiver. The communication module 5114 may transmit one or more signals (which may be referred to as "communication signals") to a separate device associated with the medical professional in response to being instructed to do so by the controller 5110 (e.g., based on input received by the user input 5112).

[0119] The device 5100, 6100 may include a battery 5116. The battery 5116 may be rechargeable (e.g., via inductive charging or wireless charging) or non-rechargeable. The battery 5116 can power the hardware components of the device 5100, 6100 described herein (such as the controller 5110, the user input 5112, the communication module 5114, and / or other components of the device 5100, 6100). The battery 5116 may be, for example, a lithium battery. In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 comprises a status indicator 5118 configured to indicate the status of the device 5100, 6100, such as whether the device 5100, 6100 is in an operational (“on”) mode, whether the device 5100, 6100 is pairing or has been paired with a separate device, whether an error has been detected, and / or the power level of the device 5100, 6100. For example, the device 5100, 6100 can include an emitter configured to emit light of one or more wavelengths to indicate the status of the device 5100, 6100. Such an emitter can include one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and emit light of several colors to indicate several statuses of the device 5100, 6100. For example, such an emitter can emit a green light to indicate that the device 5100, 6100 is powered “on” or a red light to indicate that the device 5100, 6100 is “off.” In some implementations, the emitter flashes a light (e.g., of several colors) when an error is detected and / or the power level of the device 5100, 6100 falls below a threshold. In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 includes an opening in a portion thereof, for example, in the button 5104, 6104 and / or in a portion of the body portion 5102, 6102 if the device 5100, 6100 includes such a button 5104, 6104.Such openings may allow light emitted from the emitter to be visible from locations outside the interior of the device 5100, 6100. Additionally or alternatively, the device 5100, 6100 (e.g., the body portion 5102, 6102) may include a transparent or translucent material that allows light emitted from the emitter to be visible from locations outside the interior of the device 5100, 6100. In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 does not include sensors for measuring and / or monitoring physiological parameters, sensors for measuring and / or monitoring the user's movement, position, and / or posture, a display screen, and / or cables. Such implementations may advantageously minimize power consumption of the battery 5116 and / or otherwise simplify use of the device 5100, 6100 for the user.

[0120] In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 includes a microphone 5120. The microphone 5120 may be utilized by the device 5100, 6100 for various purposes. In some implementations, the controller 5110 is configured to instruct the communication module 5114 to transmit one or more communication signals based on sounds detected by the microphone 5120. For example, the controller 5110 may be configured to instruct the communication module 5114 to transmit one or more communication signals to a separate device (e.g., associated with a medical professional) when the detected volume exceeds a certain threshold (which may indicate an urgent need from the patient). Such communication signals transmitted by the communication module 5114 to the separate device may correspond to an audio and / or visual alert that may be played / displayed on the separate device and / or may be raw and / or processed signals based on the sounds detected by the microphone 5120. In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 includes a speaker 5122 configured to output sound. Such output audio can be based, for example, on an audio signal received by the communication module 5114 from a separate device associated with the caregiver. In some implementations, the device 5100, 6100 can act as an audio intercom between the user and the caregiver. In some such implementations, the microphone 5120 is configured to receive audio from the user for a time period that is greater than or equal to a threshold value (which may be the same as the first threshold value described above) when the actuator, as described above, is in the second position (or alternatively, the first position). Furthermore, in some implementations, the controller 5110 is configured to instruct the communication module 5114 to transmit such received audio to the caregiver's separate device when there is a change in the position of the actuator (e.g., from the second position to the first position, or vice versa).

[0121] The device 5100, 6100 may be configured to communicate with various separate devices. For example, the device 5100, 6100 may be configured to communicate with one or more physiological sensors on user 1, such as the patient monitoring device 20 and / or oximetry sensor 30 illustrated in FIG. 12 (among other things), and / or with one or more patient monitors, such as the patient monitor 10, also illustrated in FIG. 12. In some cases, the device 5100, 6100 is configured to indirectly communicate with a separate device associated with a healthcare professional by transmitting one or more communication signals to the patient monitor 10. For example, upon receiving an input in the user input 5112 associated with a request to visit user 1, the controller 5110 can instruct the communication module 5114 to transmit one or more signals to the patient monitor 10 instructing the patient monitor 10 to communicate with the healthcare professional's separate device. Such a configuration may be advantageous when the wireless communication range of the device 5100, 6100 is less than the range required to reach the separate device. In some implementations, the devices 5100, 6100 are configured to communicate wirelessly over a first range, and the patient monitor 10 is configured to communicate wirelessly over a second range that is greater than the first range. In some implementations, upon receiving an input in the user input 5112 associated with a request to visit user 1, the patient monitor 10 can display visual and / or audible instructions and / or alerts to visually and / or audibly notify a nearby caregiver or staff member that user 1 is requesting a visit.

[0122] Additional Implementations 1. A wearable device for monitoring and displaying a user's lying position, comprising: a housing configured to be secured to a portion of a user's body; an accelerometer and a gyroscope, each positioned within the interior of the housing; a display positioned along an exterior portion of the housing; one or more hardware processors positioned within the housing; The hardware processor or processors receiving one or more signals generated by the accelerometer in response to linear acceleration of the user; receiving one or more signals generated by the gyroscope in response to the angular velocity of the user; determining a position of the user relative to a surface over time based on the received one or more signals generated by each of the accelerometer and the gyroscope; and modifying the appearance of the display based on the determined lying position over time to provide a healthcare professional with information to assess the risk of bedsore formation. A wearable device configured to: 2. One or more processors may: For each respective position of a plurality of positions of the user relative to the surface, incrementing a timer associated with each recumbent position when the user is in each recumbent position; Decrementing the timer when the user is not in each of the recumbent positions; For each respective portion of the plurality of portions of the display: modifying an appearance of each of the plurality of portions based on a value of a timer associated with one of the plurality of recumbent positions; The wearable device of implementation form 1 is further configured as follows. 3. A first lying position of the plurality of lying positions is associated with a left lateral lying position of the user with respect to the surface; a second lying position of the plurality of lying positions is associated with a right lateral lying position of the user relative to the surface; A wearable device as described in implementation form 2, wherein a third lying position among the plurality of lying positions is associated with the user lying supine relative to the surface. 4. For each respective portion of the plurality of portions of the display, the one or more hardware processors: causing an appearance of each of the plurality of portions to have a first color when the value of the timer is equal to or greater than the threshold; The wearable device of implementation 2 or 3, further configured to cause the appearance of each of the plurality of portions to have a second color when the timer value is less than a threshold, the second color being different from the first color. 5. The display comprises a border having at least a first edge and a second edge; A wearable device as described in implementation form 4, wherein each of the multiple portions of the display comprises a straight line extending between a first edge and a second edge of the boundary. 6. The display only illustrates the user's lying position and does not include other information; and / or A wearable device described in any one of implementation forms 1 to 5, wherein the display is used only to graphically illustrate information related to the user's lying position over time. 7. A wearable device comprising a first part and a second part, the first part including a frame and a substrate coupled to the frame, and the second part including the housing of the wearable device; the frame and the housing are removably secured to one another; The wearable device of any one of implementations 1 to 6, wherein the substrate is configured to be secured to the skin of a user. 8. Further comprising a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, each of the first and second temperature sensors positioned within an interior of the housing and configured to generate one or more signals in response to detected thermal energy, the first temperature sensor operably positioned closer to the user's skin than the second temperature sensor when the housing is secured to a body portion of the user; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more signals generated by each of the first and second temperature sensors; A wearable device described in any one of implementations 1 to 7, further configured to determine one or more body temperature values ​​of the user based on at least the received one or more signals generated by each of the first and second temperature sensors. 9. Further comprising a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor, each of the third and fourth temperature sensors positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to generate one or more signals in response to detected thermal energy, the third temperature sensor operably positioned closer to the user's skin than the fourth temperature sensor when the housing is secured to a body portion of the user; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more signals generated by each of the third and fourth temperature sensors; The wearable device described in implementation form 8, further configured to determine the one or more body temperature values ​​of the user based on the received one or more signals generated by each of the first, second, third, and fourth temperature sensors. 10. The wearable device of implementation 9, further comprising a thermally conductive element positioned at least partially between the third and fourth temperature sensors. 11. The wearable device of implementation 10, wherein the thermally conductive element includes a metal strip. 12. The wearable device of implementation 11, wherein the metal strip is at least partially bent. 13. A wearable device according to any one of implementations 8 to 12, wherein the first and second temperature sensors are insulated from each other by an air gap. 14. The wearable device further comprises a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board and the second circuit board being spaced apart from each other, and the first circuit board being positioned closer to the user's skin than the second circuit board when the housing is secured to a body part of the user; the first temperature sensor is mounted on a first circuit board, and the second temperature sensor is mounted on a second circuit board; the third temperature sensor is mounted on the first circuit board and spaced apart from the first temperature sensor; the fourth temperature sensor is mounted on a second circuit board and spaced apart from the second temperature sensor; a distance between the first temperature sensor and the second circuit board at least partially defines the air gap; A wearable device as described in implementation form 13, wherein the thermally conductive element is positioned between the third temperature sensor and a portion of the second circuit board adjacent to the fourth temperature sensor. 15. A wearable device described in any one of implementations 8 to 14, wherein the first and second temperature sensors are substantially aligned with each other, and the third and fourth temperature sensors are substantially aligned with each other. 16. A wearable device described in any one of implementations 1 to 15, wherein the housing is configured to be secured to the user's chest. 17. The housing further includes a top portion, a bottom portion, and an opening in the bottom portion of the housing, the bottom portion configured to face toward the user's body when the housing is secured to a portion of the user's body; The wearable device includes a diaphragm coupled to a bottom portion of the housing and covering the opening, wherein when the housing is secured to a body part of a user, at least a portion of the diaphragm is configured to vibrate in response to cardiac and / or pulmonary activity of the user, the vibration of the diaphragm generating sound waves within at least a portion of an interior of the housing; a microphone positioned within the housing, the microphone configured to detect the sound waves generated by the diaphragm and generate one or more signals based on the detected sound waves; A wearable device described in any one of implementation forms 1 to 16, further comprising: one or more hardware processors positioned within the housing, the one or more hardware processors configured to receive the one or more signals generated by the microphone and determine at least one of cardiac function and pulmonary function based on the received one or more signals. 18. A housing configured to be secured to a portion of a user's body, the housing having an interior, a top portion, and a bottom portion, the bottom portion configured to face the user's body when the housing is secured to the portion of the user's body; an opening in a bottom portion of the opening; a diaphragm coupled to a bottom portion of the housing and covering the opening, the diaphragm configured to vibrate in response to cardiac and / or pulmonary activity of the user when the housing is secured to a body part of the user, the vibration of the diaphragm generating sound waves within at least a portion of an interior of the housing; a microphone positioned within the housing, the microphone configured to detect the sound waves generated by the diaphragm and generate one or more signals based on the detected sound waves; one or more hardware processors positioned within the housing, the one or more hardware processors configured to receive the one or more signals generated by the microphone and determine at least one of cardiac function and pulmonary function based on the received one or more signals; A wearable device that further includes: 19. The wearable device described in implementation form 18, further comprising a circuit board positioned within the interior of the housing, wherein the vibration of the diaphragm generates acoustic waves within a portion of the interior of the housing defined between the circuit board and the diaphragm. 20. The circuit board has a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a hole extending through the circuit board, the second surface facing the diaphragm; a microphone mounted on a first surface of the circuit board adjacent the hole; A wearable device as described in implementation form 18, wherein the hole allows sound waves generated by the vibration of the diaphragm to pass from an interior portion of the housing defined between the circuit board and the diaphragm, through the circuit board, and to the microphone. 21. The wearable device described in implementation form 20, wherein the microphone is embodied in a microphone chip. 22. A wearable device as described in implementation form 21, wherein the microphone tip is not aligned with an axis passing through the center of the hole. 23. A wearable device described in any one of implementations 19 to 22, wherein the interior portion of the housing defined between the circuit board and the diaphragm is substantially sealed. 24. A wearable device described in any one of implementations 19 to 23, wherein the only opening into the interior portion of the housing defined between the circuit board and the diaphragm is a hole in the circuit board. 25. A wearable device comprises a first part and a second part, the first part including a frame and a substrate coupled to the frame, and the second part including the housing of the wearable device; the frame and the housing are removably secured to one another; The wearable device of any one of implementations 18 to 24, wherein the substrate is configured to be secured to the skin of a user. 26. A wearable device as described in implementation form 25, wherein the substrate is configured to be positioned between the diaphragm and the user's skin when the wearable device is secured to the user's body. 27. Further comprising a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, each of the first and second temperature sensors positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to generate one or more signals in response to detected thermal energy, the first temperature sensor operably positioned closer to the user's skin than the second temperature sensor when the housing is secured to a body part of the user; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more signals generated by each of the first and second temperature sensors; A wearable device described in any one of implementations 18 to 24, further configured to determine one or more body temperature values ​​of the user based on at least the received one or more signals generated by each of the first and second temperature sensors. 28. Further comprising a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor, each of the third and fourth temperature sensors positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to generate one or more signals in response to detected thermal energy, the third temperature sensor operably positioned closer to the user's skin than the fourth temperature sensor when the housing is secured to a body portion of the user; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more signals generated by each of the third and fourth temperature sensors; The wearable device described in implementation form 27, further configured to determine the one or more body temperature values ​​of the user based on the received one or more signals generated by each of the first, second, third, and fourth temperature sensors. 29. The wearable device of implementation 28, further comprising a thermally conductive element positioned at least partially between the third and fourth temperature sensors. 30. A wearable device as described in implementation form 29, wherein the thermally conductive element includes a metal strip. 31. The wearable device of implementation 30, wherein the metal strip is at least partially bent. 32. A wearable device according to any one of implementations 27 to 31, wherein the first and second temperature sensors are insulated from each other by an air gap. 33. The wearable device further comprises a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board and the second circuit board being spaced apart from each other, and the first circuit board being positioned closer to the user's skin than the second circuit board when the housing is secured to a body part of the user; the first temperature sensor is mounted on a first circuit board, and the second temperature sensor is mounted on a second circuit board; the third temperature sensor is mounted on the first circuit board and spaced apart from the first temperature sensor; the fourth temperature sensor is mounted on a second circuit board and spaced apart from the second temperature sensor; a distance between the first temperature sensor and the second circuit board at least partially defines the air gap; A wearable device as described in implementation form 32, wherein the thermally conductive element is positioned between the third temperature sensor and a portion of the second circuit board adjacent to the fourth temperature sensor. 34. A wearable device described in any one of implementations 26 to 33, wherein the first and second temperature sensors are substantially aligned with each other, and the third and fourth temperature sensors are substantially aligned with each other. 35. An accelerometer and a gyroscope, each positioned within the interior of the housing; a display positioned along an exterior portion of the housing; The hardware processor or processors receiving one or more signals generated by the accelerometer in response to linear acceleration of the user; receiving one or more signals generated by the gyroscope in response to the angular velocity of the user; determining a position of the user relative to a surface over time based on the received one or more signals generated by each of the accelerometer and the gyroscope; A wearable device described in any one of implementations 18 to 34, further configured to change the appearance of the display based on the determined lying position over time to provide a medical professional with information to assess the risk of bedsore formation. 36. A device for wirelessly communicating with medical personnel in a hospital, comprising: a main body; a user input coupled to the body and configured to generate one or more user input signals in response to a user interacting with the user input; a communication module configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device associated with a healthcare professional; a controller in communication with the user input and communication module, receiving the one or more user input signals generated by the user input; a controller configured to instruct a communication module to wirelessly transmit one or more communication signals to a separate device based on the received one or more user input signals; an adhesive material positioned along a portion of the body and configured to secure the device to a surface of a hospital bed. 37. The device of implementation 36, wherein the user input includes an actuator and a switch, and the actuator is configured to move from a first position in which the actuator is not in contact with the switch to a second position in which the actuator is in contact with the switch. 38. The device of implementation 37, wherein the switch is configured to generate the one or more user input signals when the actuator is in a second position. 39. The controller Determining an amount of time the actuator is in the second position; The device of implementation 37 or 38, configured to instruct a communication module to wirelessly transmit one or more communication signals to a separate device when the length of time is greater than or equal to a first threshold. 40. The device described in implementation 39, wherein the controller is further configured to instruct the communication module to wirelessly transmit one or more communication signals to the separate device only when the length of time is greater than or equal to a first threshold. 41. The device of any one of implementations 36 to 40, wherein the main body portion includes the adhesive material. 42. The device of implementation 41, further comprising a release liner configured to cover the adhesive material, the release liner being removable from the adhesive material and the device. 43. The device of any one of implementations 36 to 42, further comprising a battery. 44. The device any sensors for measuring and / or monitoring physiological parameters; any sensors for measuring and / or monitoring the user's movement, position, and / or posture; display screen, and / or A device described in any one of implementations 36 to 43, which does not include any cables. 45. A device described in any one of implementations 36 to 44, wherein the user input includes a capacitance or resistance sensor. 46. ​​A device described in any one of implementations 36 to 45, further comprising a microphone configured to receive audio from a user, wherein the controller is configured to instruct the communication module to wirelessly transmit the received audio and / or one or more signals generated based on the received audio to a separate device. 47. A device described in any one of implementations 36 to 46, further comprising a speaker, the speaker configured to emit sound based on one or more signals received by the communication module transmitted wirelessly from a separate device. 48. A device including one or more features of the preceding description. 49. A method of monitoring and / or determining a physiological parameter of a user, comprising one or more features of the preceding description. 50. A self-contained, adhesively removably attached electronic monitoring wearable device, comprising: a housing having an interior, a top portion, and a bottom portion, the bottom portion configured to face a user during monitoring of one or more physiological parameters of the user, the bottom portion including a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening; a diaphragm operably positioned within the bottom portion near the first opening, wherein at least a portion of the diaphragm is configured to vibrate in response to at least one of cardiac activity and pulmonary activity of a user during monitoring; an audio transducer positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to output one or more transducer signals in response to vibration of the diaphragm; a motion sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, the motion sensor configured to generate one or more movement signals based on a lying position of the user; a display near a top portion of the housing, the display comprising at least one display element responsive to a magnitude of a health risk associated with the user's lying position; a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the first and second temperature sensors configured to generate one or more first temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the first temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to a user during monitoring than the second temperature sensor; a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the third and fourth temperature sensors configured to generate one or more second temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the third temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to a user during monitoring than the fourth temperature sensor; a thermally conductive element including a portion positioned between the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor; a first thermal conductivity probe located near the second opening of the housing and substantially aligned with the first temperature sensor; a second thermal conductivity probe located near the third opening in the housing and substantially aligned with the third temperature sensor; a user input near a top portion of the housing; a communication module positioned within the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate with a separate device in a wireless manner; one or more hardware processors positioned within the housing; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more transducer signals; determining at least one of a cardiac measurement and a pulmonary measurement in response to the one or more transducer signals; receiving the one or more motion signals; determining a user's position relative to a surface in response to the one or more movement signals; determining the magnitude of a health risk according to the user's lying position; changing the appearance of at least one display element in response to a health risk; receiving the first and second temperature signals; determining an indication of body temperature in response to the first and second temperature signals; receiving one or more user input signals in response to the user input; The electronic monitoring wearable device is configured to wirelessly output data indicative of the determined parameters of the user through a communication module to a separate device. 51. The device described in implementation 50, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured to wirelessly output, to a separate device through a communication module, one or more communication signals based on the received one or more user input signals. 52. A device described in any one of implementations 50-51, wherein the device comprises a first part configured to be attached to a user and a second part configured to be removably secured to the first part, the second part including the housing. 53. A self-contained, adhesively removably attached electronic monitoring wearable device, comprising: a housing having an interior, a top portion, and a bottom portion, the bottom portion configured to face a user during monitoring of one or more physiological parameters of the user, the bottom portion including a first opening; a diaphragm operably positioned within the bottom portion near the first opening, wherein at least a portion of the diaphragm is configured to vibrate in response to at least one of cardiac activity and pulmonary activity of a user during monitoring; an audio transducer positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to output one or more transducer signals in response to vibration of the diaphragm; one or more other sensors or user inputs; one or more hardware processors positioned within the housing; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more transducer signals; an electronic monitoring wearable device configured to determine at least one of a cardiac measurement and a pulmonary measurement in response to the one or more transducer signals. 54. The device described in implementation form 53, further comprising a communication module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured to wirelessly output at least one of cardiac measurements and pulmonary measurements to the separate device via the communication module. 55. The audio system further includes a second audio transducer positioned within the interior of the housing in response to at least one of vibrations of the housing and sound waves outside the housing, and configured to output one or more second transducer signals, wherein the one or more hardware processors: receiving the one or more second transducer signals; The device of implementation 53 or 54, further configured to determine at least one of a corrected cardiac measurement and a corrected pulmonary measurement in response to the one or more transducer signals and the one or more second transducer signals. 56. The device described in implementation 55, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured to wirelessly output at least one of the corrected cardiac measurements and the corrected pulmonary measurements to a separate device via the communication module. 57. A device described in any one of implementations 53 to 56, wherein the diaphragm is hermetically sealed to the bottom portion of the housing above the first opening. 58. A device described in any one of implementations 53 to 57, wherein the diaphragm extends beyond the outer surface of the bottom portion of the housing. 59. A device described in any one of implementations 53 to 58, wherein the audio transducer is substantially aligned with an axis passing through the center of the diaphragm. 60. A device described in any one of implementations 53 to 59, wherein the interior of the housing comprises an interior portion configured to isolate the vibration of the diaphragm. 61. The device of implementation 60, wherein the interior portion is formed by at least a portion of the diaphragm and at least a portion of the bottom portion of the housing. 62. One or more other sensors or user inputs a motion sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, the motion sensor configured to generate one or more movement signals based on a lying position of the user; The device is a display near a top portion of the housing, the display comprising at least one display element responsive to a magnitude of a health risk associated with the user's lying position; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more motion signals; determining a user's position relative to a surface in response to the one or more movement signals; determining the magnitude of a health risk according to the user's lying position; A device described in any one of implementations 53 to 61, further configured to change the appearance of at least one display element depending on the health risk. 63. One or more other sensors or user inputs a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the first and second temperature sensors configured to generate one or more first temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the first temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to a user during monitoring than the second temperature sensor; a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the third and fourth temperature sensors configured to generate one or more second temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the third temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to a user during monitoring than the fourth temperature sensor; The device is second and third openings in the bottom portion of the housing; a thermally conductive element including a portion positioned between the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor; a first thermal conductivity probe located near the second opening of the housing and substantially aligned with the first temperature sensor; a second thermal conductivity probe located near the third opening in the housing and substantially aligned with the third temperature sensor; The hardware processor or processors receiving the first and second temperature signals; determining an indication of body temperature in response to the first and second temperature signals; The device of any one of implementations 54 to 62, further configured to wirelessly output the determined indication of body temperature to a separate device through a communication module. 64. One or more other sensors or user inputs a user input near a top portion of the housing; The hardware processor or processors receiving one or more user input signals in response to the user input; A device described in any one of implementations 53 to 63, further configured to wirelessly output one or more communication signals based on the received one or more user input signals to a separate device through a communication module. 65. A self-contained, adhesively removably attached electronic monitoring wearable device, comprising: a housing having an interior, a top portion, and a bottom portion, the bottom portion configured to face a user during monitoring of one or more physiological parameters of the user, the bottom portion comprising a first opening and a second opening; a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the first and second temperature sensors configured to generate one or more first temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the first temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to a user during monitoring than the second temperature sensor; a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the third and fourth temperature sensors configured to generate one or more second temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the third temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to a user during monitoring than the fourth temperature sensor; a thermally conductive element including a portion positioned between the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor; a first thermal conductivity probe located near the second opening of the housing and substantially aligned with the first temperature sensor; a second thermal conductivity probe located near the third opening in the housing and substantially aligned with the third temperature sensor; one or more other sensors or user inputs; one or more hardware processors positioned within the housing; The hardware processor or processors receiving the first and second temperature signals; an electronic monitoring wearable device configured to determine an indication of body temperature in response to the first and second temperature signals; 66. The device of implementation 65, wherein the first and second temperature sensors are insulated from each other by an air gap. 67. The device further comprises a first circuit board and a second circuit board, the first circuit board and the second circuit board being spaced apart from each other and the first circuit board being positioned to be closer to the user during monitoring than the second circuit board; the first temperature sensor is mounted on a first circuit board, and the second temperature sensor is mounted on a second circuit board; the third temperature sensor is mounted on the first circuit board and spaced apart from the first temperature sensor; the fourth temperature sensor is mounted on a second circuit board and spaced apart from the second temperature sensor; a distance between the first temperature sensor and the second circuit board at least partially defines the air gap; A device as described in implementation form 66, wherein the portion of the thermally conductive element is positioned between a portion of the first circuit board adjacent to the third temperature sensor and a portion of the second circuit board adjacent to the fourth temperature sensor. 68. The first circuit board has a first surface and a second surface; the second circuit board has a first surface and a second surface; the first surface of the first circuit board faces toward the second surface of the second circuit board; the first and third temperature sensors are mounted on a first surface of a first circuit board; The device described in implementation form 67, wherein the second and fourth temperature sensors are mounted on a first surface of a second circuit board. 69. The first circuit board includes an opening near a third temperature sensor; the second circuit board has an opening near a fourth temperature sensor; a first end of the thermally conductive element positioned within the opening in the first circuit board; a second end of the thermally conductive element positioned within the opening in the second circuit board; the first circuit board includes a thermally conductive material configured to allow thermal energy to be transferred from the first end of the thermally conductive element to the third temperature sensor; A device described in any one of implementations 67 to 68, wherein the second circuit board includes a thermally conductive material configured to allow thermal energy to be transferred from the second end of the thermally conductive element to the fourth temperature sensor. 70. The device of any one of implementations 65-69, wherein the first and second temperature sensors are substantially aligned with each other, and the third and fourth temperature sensors are substantially aligned with each other. 71. The device of any one of implementations 67-70, wherein the first and second circuit boards are arranged to be substantially parallel to one another. 72. A device described in any one of implementations 65 to 71, wherein the device comprises a first part configured to be attached to a user and a second part configured to be removably secured to the first part, the second part including the housing. 73. The device of implementation 72, wherein the first portion comprises a frame and a substrate coupled to the frame, the substrate configured to be secured to a user. 74. A device as described in implementation 73, wherein the first and second thermal conductivity probes contact a substrate, and the substrate is positioned between a user and the first and second thermal conductivity probes during monitoring. 75. A device described in any one of implementations 65-74, wherein the first and second thermal conductivity probes are configured to transfer the user's thermal energy toward the first and third temperature sensors. 76. A device described in any one of implementations 65 to 75, wherein the first and second thermally conductive probes extend through the first and second openings in the bottom portion of the housing and beyond the external surface of the bottom portion of the housing. 77. The device further comprises a communications module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate with a separate device in a wireless manner; A device described in any one of implementations 65 to 76, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured to wirelessly output the determined indication of body temperature to a separate device through a communication module. 78. The device a third opening in the bottom portion of the housing; and a diaphragm operably positioned in the bottom portion near the third opening, wherein during monitoring, at least a portion of the diaphragm is configured to vibrate in response to at least one of cardiac activity and pulmonary activity of a user; The one or more sensors or user inputs an audio transducer positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to output one or more transducer signals in response to vibration of the diaphragm; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more transducer signals; The device of any one of implementations 65 to 77, further configured to determine at least one of a cardiac measurement and a pulmonary measurement in response to the one or more transducer signals. 79. One or more other sensors or user inputs a motion sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, the motion sensor configured to generate one or more movement signals based on a lying position of the user; The device is a display near a top portion of the housing, the display comprising at least one display element responsive to a magnitude of a health risk associated with the user's lying position; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more motion signals; determining a user's position relative to a surface in response to the one or more movement signals; determining the magnitude of a health risk according to the user's lying position; A device described in any one of implementations 65 to 78, further configured to change the appearance of at least one display element depending on the health risk. 80. One or more other sensors or user inputs a user input near a top portion of the housing; The device is further comprising a communication module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device; The hardware processor or processors receiving one or more user input signals in response to the user input; A device described in any one of implementations 65 to 79, further configured to wirelessly output one or more communication signals based on the received one or more user input signals to a separate device through a communication module. 81. A self-contained, adhesively removably attached electronic monitoring wearable device, comprising: a housing having an interior, a top portion, and a bottom portion, the bottom portion configured to face a user during monitoring of one or more physiological parameters of the user; a user input near a top portion of the housing; a communication module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device; one or more other sensors or user inputs; one or more hardware processors positioned within the housing; The hardware processor or processors receiving one or more user input signals in response to the user input; an electronic monitoring wearable device configured to wirelessly output, through a communication module to a separate device, one or more communication signals based on the received one or more user input signals; 82. The bottom portion of the housing includes a first opening; the device further comprising a diaphragm operably positioned in the base portion near the first opening, wherein during monitoring, at least a portion of the diaphragm is configured to vibrate in response to at least one of cardiac activity and pulmonary activity of a user; the one or more other sensors or user inputs include an audio transducer positioned within the interior of the housing and outputting one or more transducer signals in response to vibration of the diaphragm; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more transducer signals; The device described in implementation form 81, further configured to determine at least one of a cardiac measurement and a pulmonary measurement in response to the one or more transducer signals. 83. One or more other sensors or user inputs a motion sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, the motion sensor configured to generate one or more movement signals based on a lying position of the user; The device is a display near a top portion of the housing, the display comprising at least one display element responsive to a magnitude of a health risk associated with the user's lying position; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more motion signals; determining a user's position relative to a surface in response to the one or more movement signals; determining the magnitude of a health risk according to the user's lying position; A device described in any one of implementations 81 to 82, further configured to change the appearance of at least one display element depending on the health risk. 84. One or more other sensors or user inputs a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the first and second temperature sensors configured to generate one or more first temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the first temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to a user during monitoring than the second temperature sensor; a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the third and fourth temperature sensors configured to generate one or more second temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the third temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to a user during monitoring than the fourth temperature sensor; The device is second and third openings in the bottom portion of the housing; a thermally conductive element including a portion positioned between the third temperature sensor and the fourth temperature sensor; a first thermal conductivity probe located near the second opening of the housing and substantially aligned with the first temperature sensor; a second thermal conductivity probe located near the third opening in the housing and substantially aligned with the third temperature sensor; The hardware processor or processors receiving the first and second temperature signals; determining an indication of body temperature in response to the first and second temperature signals; A device described in any one of implementations 81 to 83, further configured to wirelessly output the determined indication of body temperature to a separate device through a communication module. 85. A device described in any one of implementations 81 to 84, wherein the one or more hardware processors are further configured to wirelessly output data indicative of the user's determined parameters to a separate device through a communication module. 86. Further comprising a plurality of cables and corresponding external ECG electrodes, the external ECG electrodes being configured to be attached to a user and to output one or more signals in response to the user's cardiac electrical activity; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more signals from the external ECG electrodes in response to a user's cardiac electrical activity; A device described in any one of implementations 50 to 85, further configured to determine the user's ECG in response to the one or more signals. 87. Further comprising one or more internal ECG electrodes, the one or more internal ECG electrodes configured to output one or more signals in response to the user's cardiac electrical activity; The hardware processor or processors receiving the one or more signals from the internal ECG electrodes in response to a user's cardiac electrical activity; A device described in any one of implementations 50 to 86, further configured to determine an ECG of the user in response to the one or more signals.

[0123] Additional Considerations and Terminology Although the present invention has been disclosed in the context of certain preferred implementations, it should be understood that certain advantages, features, and aspects of the systems, devices, and methods may be realized in a variety of other implementations. In addition, it is contemplated that the various aspects and features described herein may be implemented separately, combined together, or substituted for one another, and that various combinations and subcombinations of features and aspects may be formed and still fall within the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the systems and devices described above need not include all of the modules and functions described in the preferred implementations.

[0124] Conditional phrases used herein, such as "can," "could," "could," "may," "could," "for example," and similar phrases, among others, are generally intended to convey that some features, elements, and / or steps are optional, unless otherwise specified or understood otherwise in the context of use. Thus, such conditional phrases are generally not intended to imply that the features, elements, and / or steps are in any way required or that one or more implementations necessarily contain logic for determining whether these features, elements, and / or steps should be included or always performed, with or without other input or prompt. "Comprises," "includes," "has," and similar phrases are synonymous and are used inclusively, without restriction, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, etc. Additionally, the term "or," for example, when used to connect a list of elements, is used in an inclusive sense (and not an exclusive sense) to mean one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Furthermore, in addition to having its ordinary meaning, the term "each" as used herein may refer to any subset of the set of elements to which the term "each" is applied.

[0125] Conjunctive phrases such as "at least one of X, Y, and Z," unless otherwise noted, are generally understood to be otherwise depending on the context in which they are used to convey that an item, term, etc. can be either X, Y, or Z. Thus, such conjunctive phrases are generally not intended to imply that some implementations require the presence of at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z.

[0126] As used herein, terms expressing degrees, such as "approximately," "approximately," "about," "generally," and "substantially," refer to a value, amount, or characteristic that is close to the stated value, amount, or characteristic that directly performs a desired function or produces a desired result. For example, the terms "about," "approximately," "generally," and "substantially" may refer to an amount that is within 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01% of the stated amount. As another example, in some implementations, the terms "generally parallel" and "substantially parallel" refer to a value, amount, or characteristic that deviates by no more than 10 degrees, 5 degrees, 3 degrees, or 1 degree from exact parallelism. As another example, in some implementations, the terms "generally perpendicular" and "substantially perpendicular" refer to a value, amount, or characteristic that deviates by no more than 10 degrees, 5 degrees, 3 degrees, or 1 degree from exact perpendicularity.

[0127] While several implementations and examples are described herein, those skilled in the art will understand that many aspects of the systems and devices shown and described in this disclosure can be combined and / or varied in different ways to form further implementations or acceptable examples. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure. A wide variety of designs and approaches are possible. No feature, structure, or step disclosed herein is essential or required.

[0128] Any methods disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the order described. The methods disclosed herein may include certain specific operations performed by a person skilled in the art, but they may also include, explicitly or implicitly, any third-party instruction of those operations.

[0129] The methods and tasks described herein may be performed by a computer system and may be fully automated. The computer system, in some cases, may include multiple different computers or computing devices (e.g., physical servers, workstations, storage arrays, cloud computing resources, etc.) communicating and interoperating over a network to perform the described functions. Each such computing device typically includes a processor (or multiple processors) that executes program instructions or modules stored in memory or other non-transitory computer-readable storage media or devices (e.g., solid-state storage devices, disk drives, etc.). Various functions disclosed herein may be embodied in such program instructions and / or implemented in the computer system's application-specific circuitry (e.g., ASIC or FPGA). When a computer system includes multiple computing devices, these devices may, but need not, be co-located. The results of the disclosed methods and tasks may be persistently stored by converting physical storage devices, such as solid-state memory chips and / or magnetic disks, to a different state. The computer system may be a cloud-based computing system in which processing resources are shared by multiple different entities or other users.

[0130] Depending on the implementation, some activities, events, or functions of any of the processes or algorithms described herein may be performed in a different order, added, merged, or omitted entirely (e.g., not all described acts or events may be required to implement an algorithm). Furthermore, in some implementations, acts or events may be performed simultaneously, for example, through multi-threaded processing, interrupt processing, or multiple processors or processor cores, or on other parallel architectures, rather than sequentially.

[0131] Various illustrative logic blocks, modules, routines, and algorithm steps that may be described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented as electronic hardware (e.g., ASIC or FPGA devices), computer software running on general-purpose computer hardware, or a combination of both. Various illustrative components, blocks, and steps may be described herein generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as dedicated hardware as opposed to software running on general-purpose hardware depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. The described functionality may be implemented in various ways for each particular application, and such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0132] Furthermore, various illustrative logic blocks and modules that may be described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed by machines such as general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative forms, the processor may be a controller, microcontroller, or state machine, combinations thereof, or the like. A processor may comprise electronic circuitry configured to process computer-executable instructions. A processor may include an FPGA or other programmable device that performs logical operations without processing computer-executable instructions. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. While described herein primarily with reference to digital technology, a processor may also include primarily analog components. For example, some or all of the rendering techniques described herein may be implemented with analog circuitry or mixed analog-digital circuitry. The computing environment may comprise any type of computer system, including, but not limited to, a computer system based on a computational engine within a microprocessor, a mainframe computer, a digital signal processor, a portable computing device, a device controller, or an appliance, to name a few.

[0133] Any element of a method, process, routine, or algorithm described in connection with the disclosure herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. An exemplary storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

[0134] While the above detailed description shows, describes, and points out novel features, it will be understood that various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form and details of the illustrated devices or algorithms can be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. As will be seen, some portions of the description herein may be embodied in forms that do not possess all of the features and advantages set forth herein, since some features may be used or practiced separately from others. The scope of the several implementations disclosed herein is dictated by the appended claims, rather than the foregoing description. All changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within the scope of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0135] 1 User, Patient 3 hospital beds 10 Patient Monitor 20 Patient monitoring devices, patient monitoring wearable devices 30 Oximetry Sensor 100 Wearable Devices 331 Circuit Board 348a, 348b hole 350a, 350b hole 342 Heat Transfer Elements 1000 Wearable Devices 1001 Hardware Processor 1002 Storage Device 1003 Communication Module 1004 Battery 1005 Information Elements 1006 One or more temperature sensors 1007 Display 1008 User Input 1009 Status Indicator 1010 Motion Sensor, Accelerometer 1011 Microphone 1012 Other sensors 1100 Dock 1110 Dock 1110 board 1112 Opening 1120 board 1122 Opening 1130 frames 1131 Rim 1132 Opening 1133 Wall 1134a, 1134b arms 1136a, 1136b protrusion 1150 board 1160 Release liner, substrate 1200 hub 1200a, 1200c shell 1200b Electronics Assembly 1202, 1204 End 1202a part, recessed part 1203a Recessed area 1203b Recessed part 1204a part, recessed part 1205a Wall 1205b wall 1206 First Aspect 1207a, 1207b recesses 1208 Second Aspect 1209a, 1209b recessed part 1210 Light Pipe 1210a Prism 1210b Arm 1210c plate 1210d enclosure 1210e Wall 1210f Pocket, Socket 1211a, 1211b protrusion 1212 Pad 1215 Opening, hole 1220 Inner surface 1220a First Part 1220b Arm 1220b second part, part 1221a, 1221b, 1221c, 1221d stem 1222 button 1223a, 1223b stem 1224a, 1224b opening 1225 Protrusion 1227 Stem 1229 Opening 1230, 1231 Circuit Board 1230a, 1230b opening 1230c, 1230d opening 1230i, 1230j cutout 1230h, 1230i, 1230j, 1230k opening / cutout 1231a, 1231b opening 1231c, 1231d opening 1231e, 1231f opening 1231g, 1231h, 1231i, 1231j opening 1231k holes 1232 Battery 1233 NFC Transponder 1234 frames 1234a, 1234b, 1234c, 1234d, 1234f, 1234g Legs 1234e Protrusion 1235 Antenna 1235a, 1235b antennas 1236 Header 1237 processor 1240a, 1240b, 1240c, 1240d Temperature Sensors 1241a, 1241b, 1241c, 1241d opening 1242 Thermal Conductivity Probe 1242a first end 1242b stem 1242c Second end 1244a, 1244b Thermal Conductivity Probe, Probe 1249 Switch 1260 Buttons, User Input, Call Buttons 1262 display 1262a, 1262b, 1262c display elements 1264 diaphragm 1265 Motion Sensor 1266 Microphone 1267 Microphone 1275 Internal part 1277a, 1277b arrows 1277c, 1277d arrows 1277c arrangement 1295 Switch 1297 Radiator 1299 Emitter 1330 Circuit Board 1331 Circuit Board 2000 Wearable Devices 2100 Dock 2130, 2131 Circuit Board 2170 PCB 2200 hub 2200a First Part 2200c second part 2200b Third Part 2215 Status Indicator 2220b part 2230 Circuit Board 2231 Circuit Board 2232 Battery 2234 frames 2235 Antenna 2236 Electrically insulating substrate 2237 processor 2240a, 2240b, 2240c, 2240d Temperature Sensors 2242 Thermally conductive elements 2242a End 2242b part 2242c end 2243a Hole 2243b Hole 2244a, 2244b probes 2260 Button 2262 Display 2264 diaphragm 2265 Motion Sensor 2266 Microphone 2267 Microphone 2267 Bracket 2267a opening 2268 Flexible Circuit 2268a opening 2269 Circuit Board 2275 Internal part 3000, 4000 wearable devices 3100, 4100 Dock 3200, 4200 hub 3300, 4300 cable 3350, 4350 compatible external ECG electrodes 5100, 6100 calling devices 5102, 6102 main body 5104, 6104 buttons 5110 Controller 5112 User Input 5114 Communication Module 5116 Battery 5118 Status Indicator 5120 Microphone 5122 Speaker

Claims

1. 1. A self-contained, adhesively removably attached wearable electronic monitoring device, comprising: a housing having an interior, a top portion, and a bottom portion, the bottom portion configured to face a user during monitoring of one or more physiological parameters of the user; a motion sensor positioned within the housing, the motion sensor configured to generate one or more signals based on a lying position of the user; a display near the top portion of the housing, the display comprising at least one display element responsive to a magnitude of a health risk associated with the lying position of the user; one or more other sensors or user inputs; one or more hardware processors positioned within the interior of the housing; the one or more hardware processors: receiving the one or more motion signals; determining the position of the user relative to a surface in response to the one or more movement signals; determining the magnitude of a health risk according to the lying position of the user; 10. An electronic monitoring wearable device configured to change an appearance of the at least one display element in response to the health risk.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the health risk depends at least in part on the length of time the user remains in the recumbent position.

3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the time is non-continuous.

4. the one or more hardware processors: for each respective position of the user relative to the surface; incrementing a timer associated with each of the lying positions when the user is in each of the lying positions; decrementing the value of the timer when the user is not in the respective recumbent position; determining the magnitude of health risk for each of the lying positions based at least in part on the value of the timer; for each respective display element of the plurality of display elements of the display:

4. The device of claim 1, further configured to modify an appearance of the respective display element of the plurality of display elements based at least in part on the health risk associated with one of the plurality of lying positions.

5. a first lying position of the plurality of lying positions is associated with a left lateral lying position of the user with respect to the surface; a second lying position of the plurality of lying positions is associated with a right lateral lying position of the user with respect to the surface; The device of claim 4 , wherein a third lying position of the plurality of lying positions is associated with a supine position of the user relative to the surface.

6. For each respective display element of the plurality of display elements of the display, the one or more hardware processors: the appearance of each of the plurality of display elements having a first color when the health risk is equal to or greater than a threshold; 6. The device of claim 4 or 5, further configured such that the appearance of each of the plurality of portions has a second color when the health risk is below a threshold, the second color being different from the first color.

7. The device of claim 5 or 6, wherein the plurality of lying positions further includes a plurality of lying positions between the first lying position and the second lying position of the plurality of lying positions including the third lying position.

8. The device of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the health risk is associated with a combination of multiple factors.

9. The device of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the factors is a physiological parameter of the user.

10. The device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the display comprises an arched shape.

11. the display comprises a border having at least a first edge and a second edge; A device according to any preceding claim, wherein each of the plurality of display elements of the display comprises a line or area extending between the first and second edges of the boundary.

12. The device of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the display illustrates only the health risks and does not include other information.

13. 13. The device of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the device comprises a first part configured to be attached to the user and a second part configured to be removably secured to the first part, the second part comprising the housing.

14. The device of claim 13 , wherein the first portion comprises a frame and a substrate coupled to the frame, the substrate configured to be attached to the user.

15. the bottom portion of the housing includes a first opening; The device comprises: a diaphragm operably positioned within the bottom portion near the first opening, wherein at least a portion of the diaphragm is configured to vibrate in response to at least one of cardiac activity and pulmonary activity of the user during monitoring; a communications module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device; the one or more other sensors or user inputs comprise an audio transducer positioned within the interior of the housing and outputting one or more transducer signals in response to vibration of the diaphragm; the one or more hardware processors: receiving the one or more transducer signals; determining at least one of a cardiac measurement and a pulmonary measurement in response to the one or more transducer signals; A device according to any preceding claim, configured to wirelessly output data indicative of the determined parameters of the user to the separate device through the communication module.

16. The one or more other sensors or user inputs a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the first and second temperature sensors configured to generate one or more first temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the first temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to the user during monitoring than the second temperature sensor; a third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor positioned within the interior of the housing, each of the third and fourth temperature sensors configured to generate one or more second temperature signals in response to detected thermal energy, the third temperature sensor operably positioned to be closer to the user during monitoring than the fourth temperature sensor; The device comprises: second and third openings in the bottom portion of the housing; a thermally conductive element including a portion positioned between the third temperature sensor and a fourth temperature sensor; a first thermal conductivity probe proximate the second opening of the housing and substantially aligned with the first temperature sensor; a second thermal conductivity probe located near the third opening in the housing and substantially aligned with the third temperature sensor; a communications module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device; the one or more hardware processors: receiving the first and second temperature signals; determining an indication of body temperature in response to the first and second temperature signals; The device of any preceding claim, further configured to wirelessly output the determined indication of body temperature to the separate device through the communication module.

17. The one or more other sensors or user inputs a user input near the top portion of the housing; The device comprises: a communications module positioned within the interior of the housing and configured to enable the device to communicate wirelessly with a separate device; the one or more hardware processors: receiving one or more user input signals in response to the user input; 17. The device of claim 1, configured to wirelessly output, through the communication module to the separate device, one or more communication signals based on the received one or more user input signals.

18. further comprising a plurality of cables and corresponding external ECG electrodes, the external ECG electrodes being attached to the user and configured to output one or more signals in response to cardiac electrical activity of the user; the one or more hardware processors: receiving the one or more signals from the external ECG electrodes in response to cardiac electrical activity of the user; A device according to any preceding claim, further configured to determine an ECG of the user in response to the one or more signals.

19. further comprising one or more internal ECG electrodes configured to output one or more signals in response to cardiac electrical activity of the user; the one or more hardware processors: receiving the one or more signals from the internal ECG electrodes in response to cardiac electrical activity of the user; A device according to any preceding claim, further configured to determine an ECG of the user in response to the one or more signals.

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