Method and apparatus for determining corrections to energy measurements in an inductive charging system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for determining a correction value for a primary charge plate (105) during energy measurement of a secondary charge plate (104), the method comprising the steps of: selecting at least one component (601, 602, 603) having an error or loss in the primary charge plate (105), wherein the at least one component (601, 602, 603) having an error or loss is determined based on a measurement error (P) relative to a comparison value; GA、err ), specific loss (P intr ), and the measured loss of the secondary charge plate (P MVA、err ), each of the components being affected by at least one error or loss selected from an error group consisting of: (a) determining a comprehensive correction factor for the measurement error or loss of each of the at least one component having an error or loss; determining the comprehensive correction factor and writing the comprehensive correction factor as a correction value into a memory unit (705) of the primary-side charge plate (105).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of inductive charging, in particular to a method for determining a measurement error, a correction device for determining a measurement error, a method for error-corrected measurement of energy supplied to a secondary charge plate, a primary charge plate for error-corrected measurement of energy supplied to a secondary charge plate, and a measurement probe for measuring magnetic fields. [Background technology]

[0002] Inductive energy transfer systems can be used to charge pure electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles (PHEVs, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) that run on a combination of fuel and electrical energy. Such systems generate alternating magnetic fields in the frequency range of 25 to 150 kHz. It should be noted that outside this frequency range, internationally recognized standards stipulate limits on electromagnetic radiation. While magnetic fields are used to transfer energy in principle, the fact that they vary means that they are essentially electromagnetic waves. However, due to the frequency of the alternating magnetic field, the electromagnetic waves used for inductive charging have wavelengths of several kilometers.

[0003] The coupling elements for energy transfer are a primary charging plate (ground assembly, GA) with a primary coil on the fixed side and a secondary charging plate (vehicle assembly, VA) with a secondary coil on the vehicle side. The GA and VA form a transformer for coupling and energy transfer. The physical position of the coupling elements relative to each other is measured and adjusted, for example, by a positioning signal. Different frequency transmission techniques are used for energy transfer and positioning signal transmission.

[0004] For example, an inductive charging system uses GA and VA to charge a vehicle's battery with electrical energy while the vehicle is parked. The primary side of an inductive charging system is typically operated by an energy supplier. During charging, the electrical energy on the primary side is converted into an alternating magnetic field and transferred to the secondary side. The secondary side is typically the consumer side, specifically the customer of the energy supplier. On the secondary side, the alternating magnetic field is converted into electrical energy in the form of direct current, which charges the vehicle's battery.

[0005] However, when an inductive charging system is operated as a charging station in a public space, and as a result customers purchase and pay for the energy supplied by the charging station operator, in particular an energy supply company, there is a legal requirement that measurements of the supplied electrical energy must be carried out by calibrated equipment.

[0006] For example, in Europe there is the EU Directive 2014 / 32 / EU "Measuring Instruments Directive" (MID), which has been implemented into German law through the Measurement and Calibration Act (MessEG) and the Measurement and Calibration Ordinance (MessEV).

[0007] European and German calibration laws lay down requirements for the calibration of measuring devices, which are essentially defined as requirements regarding error limits, reproducibility, repeatability, response threshold and sensitivity, durability, reliability and suitability.

[0008] The purpose of the requirements is to protect consumers from inaccurate measurements, including, in the case of metering consumption, to ensure that consumption is correctly attributed to parties responsible for power losses, such as energy consumers. This aims to ensure correct billing and accurate payment for the amount of energy consumers have used.

[0009] It is believed that an object of the present invention is to be able to determine the amount of energy effectively. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Accordingly, a correction value, a method for determining the correction and / or measurement error, a correction device for determining the correction value and / or measurement error, a method for error correction and / or measurement of energy supplied to a secondary charge plate, a primary charge plate for error correction and / or calibrated measurement of energy supplied to a secondary charge plate, and a measurement probe for magnetic field measurement are provided.

[0011] The subject matter of the invention is specified by the features of the independent claims. Exemplary embodiments and further aspects of the invention are specified by the dependent claims and the following description.

[0012] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for determining a correction value, correction, and / or measurement error of an energy measurement at a primary charge plate when supplying energy to a secondary charge plate, the method including selecting at least one component at the primary charge plate to be corrected and / or having an error, the at least one component to be corrected and / or having an error being affected by at least one disturbance factor and / or error selected from the group of disturbance factors consisting of a measurement error, an intrinsic partial measurement error and / or intrinsic partial loss, an intrinsic measurement error and / or intrinsic loss, and a reactive measurement error and / or reactive measurement loss from the secondary charge plate, relative to a comparison value.

[0013] The method further includes determining a total disturbance factor for each disturbance factor of the at least one component to be corrected and / or the at least one component having an error, determining a correction value from the total disturbance factor and / or the total measurement error, and writing the total disturbance factor as the correction value to a memory device of the primary charge plate.

[0014] The method can be used as a method for regulatory calibration and / or calibration of an integrated power meter in an inductive charging system. The integrated power meter can be implemented using sensors and / or measurement points integrated into the inductive charging system.

[0015] A calibrated reference measurement device allows the deviation from the measured value of the primary charge plate and / or secondary charge plate relative to a standardized comparison value to be determined and therefore can be taken into account as a correction value in future measurements to correct the corresponding error.

[0016] According to one aspect, a technical possibility can be described for measuring the amount of transmitted energy that can meet the requirements of European and German calibration laws.

[0017] According to another aspect of the invention, the correction values ​​form a correction curve.

[0018] The correction values ​​may be individual values ​​or may form a correction or compensation curve over a range. The individual values ​​and / or the correction curve may be expressed and provided as, for example, a first order polynomial or a conversion table.

[0019] The corrections and / or correction values ​​may have values ​​that are added to form a total value. The corrections may be constants, characteristic curves (2D tables) or characteristic maps (3D tables).

[0020] According to another aspect of the present invention, the at least one disturbance factor is determined by an input power measurement at the primary charge plate. In one example, the input power measurement can be determined using a calibrated power meter on the primary charge plate. The correction value can be determined from the at least one disturbance factor.

[0021] In general, the primary charge plate may have multiple sensors built in. These may already be present in the primary charge plate for various measurement tasks, and essentially all of the built-in sensors may be used to determine corresponding measurements. However, the location of the sensors may be selected to be useful for the operation of the primary charge plate and technically and / or economically feasible. However, the installation location may not coincide with the location of measurement of the energy delivered to the customer. In other words, the sensors may be present in the primary charge plate, but may not be installed to be located at the location where measurement of the energy delivered to the customer is performed.

[0022] However, by combining different measurements and determining correction values, the existing sensors on the primary charge plate can also be used to bill for the amount of energy provided. This additional use can avoid the need to install additional sensors.

[0023] According to a further aspect of the invention, the at least one disturbance factor is determined by a magnetic field measurement in a magnetic field generated by the primary charge plate.

[0024] The magnetic field can be thought of as a transition point for the amount of energy delivered to the consumer. However, measuring this transition point during operation can be difficult at economically and technically reasonable costs. Also, consumers can contribute to losses by their actions, such as incorrectly positioning their vehicle on the primary charging plate, but these losses are the responsibility of the consumer, not the energy supplier providing the charging.

[0025] Of the magnetic fields caused by the primary charge plate, magnetic field measurements performed during and / or after manufacture make it possible to determine which portion of the supplied energy is attributable to the energy supplier and therefore to the primary charge plate, and which portion is attributable to the consumer and therefore to the secondary charge plate.

[0026] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a correction device for determining a correction value for an energy measurement at a primary charge plate and writing the correction value to the primary charge plate, the correction device having a selection device, an evaluation device, and a writing device.

[0027] The selection device is designed to select at least one defective component and / or component to be corrected in the primary charge plate, and the at least one defective component and / or component to be corrected is affected by at least one disturbance factor, such as an error and / or a loss. The disturbance factor can be selected from a group of errors consisting of a measurement error regarding the comparison value, an inherent partial loss and / or an inherent partial measurement error, an inherent loss and / or an inherent measurement error, a measurement loss from the secondary charge plate and / or a reaction measurement error from the secondary charge plate.

[0028] The type of error in measurements made by the built-in sensor can be determined, for example, by comparison with a standardized and / or calibrated high-quality measurement device.

[0029] The evaluation device is designed to determine a total disturbance factor of each disturbance factor of the at least one defective component and / or the component to be corrected, and further, the evaluation device is designed to determine a correction value from the total disturbance factor.

[0030] The writing device is designed to write the comprehensive disturbance factor as a correction value to the memory device of the primary charge plate. For this purpose, the primary charge plate memory device may have an interface through which the correction device and the primary charge plate can exchange data.

[0031] In this way, any errors that the sensor built into the primary charge plate may have due to being misused as an energy measurement sensor can be corrected and the primary charge plate can be adapted to provide an energy measurement.

[0032] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for calibrating and / or correcting an error in a measurement of energy delivered to a secondary charge plate at a primary charge plate is described. The method includes determining an input power at the primary charge plate and retrieving a correction value from a storage device of the primary charge plate, the correction value correcting for at least one disturbance factor of at least one defective component of the primary charge plate. The disturbance factor is selected from a group of disturbance factors consisting of a measurement error relative to a comparison value, an intrinsic partial loss, an intrinsic loss, and a reactive measurement loss from the secondary charge plate.

[0033] The method further includes providing a calibration, error correction and / or calibrated measurement.

[0034] For example, charging infrastructure such as primary charge plates can be extended to bill for provided energy by using sensors already in use for other purposes.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present invention, a primary charge plate for calibrating and measuring energy delivered to a secondary charge plate is described, the primary charge plate having an input power measurement device, a correction device, and a storage device, the input power measurement device configured to determine input power at the primary charge plate.

[0036] The correction device is configured to read a correction value from the storage device of the primary charge plate, the correction value correcting at least one disturbance factor of at least one component of the primary charge plate to be corrected, the disturbance factor being selected from a group of disturbance factors consisting of a measurement error relative to a comparison value, an inherent partial loss, an inherent loss, a measurement loss from the secondary charge plate, and in particular a measurement loss caused by the reaction of the secondary charge plate, e.g., the secondary coil, relative to the primary coil.

[0037] Additionally, the compensation device is designed to provide calibrated and / or error-compensated measurements.

[0038] The terms "error-corrected measurement" or "calibrated measurement" may mean that measurement errors within specified tolerance limits are balanced or corrected by a correction value. The correction value may be determined and stored individually for each primary charge plate after the primary charge plate is manufactured, i.e., at the "end of the line." Additionally, correction values ​​for a production batch may be determined and stored in the devices of that batch. Correction values ​​may be determined once for the entire production run and stored in all devices. Error-corrected measurements may be very close to the actual amount of energy delivered, especially the actual amount of energy transferred.

[0039] A correction value may be determined from the determined total disturbance factor.

[0040] The process of determining the correction values ​​and loading them onto the primary charge plate is called calibration. The primary charge plate with the correction values ​​loaded and the corresponding corrections made is called calibrated.

[0041] In contrast to calibration, regulatory calibration, by legal definition, may only be performed by a regulatory authority and therefore cannot be performed by the equipment manufacturer. Calibration essentially concerns the configuration of a measuring device by the manufacturer, whereas regulatory calibration essentially concerns the official confirmation by a regulatory authority that a measuring device complies with legal requirements.

[0042] Therefore, to distinguish between official regulatory calibration carried out by authorities and the process of correcting for disturbance factors at the end of the production line, the measurement and storage of correction values ​​at the end of the production line is sometimes called "calibration."

[0043] In other words, a production line final calibration can ensure that measurements taken by the sensors of the inductive energy transfer system match regulatory calibrated measurements within legally permitted tolerances.

[0044] In one example, the input power measurement device may be a power measurement sensor installed at the power input of the primary charge plate and performing other functions in addition to measuring power to bill the amount of energy provided.

[0045] According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a measurement probe for measuring magnetic fields comprising a coil, a coil holding device and a coil positioning device.

[0046] The coil holding device is designed to hold the coil in the magnetic field, and the coil positioning device is designed to position the coil of the measurement probe above the coil of the primary charge plate so that they achieve the greatest possible coupling with each other, in particular the greatest achievable coupling.

[0047] The measurement probe can allow standardized comparative measurements to be performed under the same conditions for the consumer, i.e., secondary charge plate. The coil positioning device can ensure that the coil is placed in essentially the same position for maximum coupling during each comparative measurement of different primary charge plates. Thus, standard ambient conditions can be created when determining correction values ​​and calibrating primary charge plates.

[0048] According to a further aspect of the invention, the coil positioning device further comprises a locking element adapted to lock onto the housing of the primary charge plate to provide a large or strong coupling with the primary coil. The locking element can essentially ensure a defined positioning to achieve the highest possible coupling. The highest possible coupling is achieved if the largest possible magnetic coupling coefficient can be determined between the primary charge plate and the secondary charge plate.

[0049] The locking element can determine the alignment of the measurement probe and coil relative to the primary charge plate.

[0050] According to another aspect of the invention, the coil holding device is designed as a table.

[0051] This table shape allows the measurement probe coil to be positioned substantially parallel to the primary charge plate, and in particular to the primary coil contained within the primary charge plate.

[0052] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having stored thereon program code which, when executed by a processor, performs at least one method.

[0053] Computer-readable storage media can include floppy disks, hard disks, Universal Serial Bus (USB) storage devices, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), etc. Other storage media include application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), solid-state drive (SSD) technology, and flash-based storage media.

[0054] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a program element which, when executed by a processor, performs at least one method. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0055] Further exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the figures.

[0056] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates an inductive charging system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective rear view of a magnetic field measuring probe according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective front view of a magnetic field measuring probe according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4]FIG. 4 is a further perspective front view of a magnetic field measuring probe according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a detailed view from the perspective front view of FIG. 3 of a measurement probe for measuring magnetic fields according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of losses occurring on the primary and secondary sides of an inductive charging system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates an arrangement for calibrating input power measurements of a GA, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 illustrates an arrangement for calibrating losses in a GA without a PFC filter, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 illustrates an arrangement for calibrating the intrinsic losses of a GA according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows an arrangement for complete calibration of power measurements in a GA according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of a method for determining a measurement error of a primary charge plate when supplying energy to a secondary charge plate in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a method for error-correcting measurement of energy delivered at primary charge plate 105 to secondary charge plate 104 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0057] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS The illustrations in the figures are schematic and not to scale. In the following description of Figures 1 to 12, the same or corresponding elements are given the same reference numerals.

[0058] In this document, the terms "capacitor" and "capacitance," "coil" or "choke" and "inductance" may be used interchangeably and should not be construed limitingly unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, the terms "energy" and "power" may be used interchangeably and should not be construed limitingly unless otherwise specified. Power can be converted to energy by calculation, and vice versa.

[0059] FIG. 1 illustrates an inductive charging system 100 or energy transfer system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This is a side view of a system for inductive charging of an electric vehicle. Beneath a vehicle chassis 102 is a vehicle assembly (VA) 104 or car pad module (CPM) 104, which serves to provide power to the vehicle 102. A magnetic field 106 is used to transfer energy, which is provided inductively by a ground assembly (GA) 105 or ground pad module (GPM) 105, which is fixedly attached to the floor 103. The energy required for charging is obtained from a main connection 107, which may be alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). A separate connection 101 is used for communication between the VA 104 and the GA 105, and may use a wireless protocol such as WLAN (Wireless LAN), UWB (Ultra Wide Band), or NFC. This connection can be used as a feedback channel 101 or a communication channel 101, allowing the VA 104 and GA 105 to exchange information. Both the energy transfer magnetic field 106 and the radio signal 101 are electromagnetic waves, but have different frequencies.

[0060] FIG. 2 is a perspective rear view of a magnetic field measuring probe 104' according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0061] The measurement probe 104' or MVA 104' is arranged above the GA 105 and is in the form of a table. The measurement probe 104' has a coil 202 and a coil holding device 201. The coil holding device 201 is in the form of a table and has a coil positioning device 203 on the leg of the table.

[0062] The coil holding device 201 is designed to hold the coil 202 within the magnetic field of the GA 105, and the coil positioning device 203 is designed to position the coil 202 so that the coil of the measurement probe achieves the greatest possible coupling, in particular the greatest achievable coupling, with the coil of the primary charge plate.

[0063] Even if the coil of the measurement probe is essentially purely geometrically aligned with the coil of the primary charge plate so that the greatest possible coupling is achieved between the two coils, coupling will essentially only occur at the moment the magnetic field is turned on.

[0064] The coil is connected to a measurement device box 204 or load 204 where energy is stored or dissipated. Similarly, a calibrated measurement device is also connected to the connection point where the load 204 is connected to the coil for making power and / or energy measurements. In particular, comparative measurements can be made using the calibrated measurement device. A compensation device 706 can be connected to the measurement device box 204 and / or the connection point between the coil and the measurement device box (compensation device 706 is not shown in FIG. 2).

[0065] The measurement probe 104' is used as a standardized secondary measurement system 104', essentially replicating the functionality of the VA 104 under standardized conditions.

[0066] FIG. 3 is a perspective front view of a magnetic field measuring probe 104' according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0067] In this view, the locking element 203 can be seen, which essentially ensures that the coil 202 is positioned the same relative to the GA 105 for each measurement.

[0068] FIG. 4 is a further perspective front view of a measurement probe 104'k for measuring magnetic fields according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0069] FIG. 5 is a detailed view from the perspective front view of FIG. 3 of a measurement probe 104' for measuring magnetic fields in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

[0070] Here it can be seen how the locking element 203 is physically connected to the GA 105, for example by a lock, in order to keep the relative position of the coil 202 with respect to the GA 105 constant when calibrating several GAs 105 one after the other. The locking element 203 at least partly adapts to the contours of the DA 105, in particular to the shape of the housing of the GA 105.

[0071] 2 to 5, the basic measurement setup for calibrating the inductive charging system 100′ comprises a primary charge plate 105 or GA 105 that is provided at the end of a serial production run. The measurement setup also includes a measurement probe 104′ or secondary measurement system 104′ (measurement vehicle assembly, MVA) that is used in place of the VA 104. The MVA 104′ thus represents the secondary charge plate 104 (vehicle assembly, VA) that is attached to the electric vehicle during operation.

[0072] While the measurement probe 104' can ensure consistent and / or standardized measurement conditions during regulatory or regular calibration, the vehicle-specific VA 104 will inherently always produce different measurement results. Different results can result, for example, from the primary coil having a different geometric alignment relative to the VA coil, from different coil designs, or from different shielding or positioning relative to the primary charge plate.

[0073] The MVA 104' is designed to essentially measure the power delivered by the GA 105 in a non-reactive manner.

[0074] The MVA 104' is realized as a coil holding device 201, in particular a Plexiglas table 201, containing a coil 202 and a connected load 204' (not shown in FIGS. 2-5). The load 204' is adaptable and can be housed, for example, in a measurement box 204. The load 204' has connections for current and voltage measurement by calibrated and / or standardized measurement devices 204'' (not shown in FIGS. 2-5).

[0075] The coil positioning device 203 of the MVA 104' is configured to position the coil 202 in the magnetic field generated by the GA 105 so that the coil 202 achieves maximum coupling with the magnetic field. The MVA 104' is locked above the GA 105 in a position of maximum possible magnetic coupling. In other words, the height of the coil holding device 201, on the one hand, and its alignment with the central position of the GA 105, on the other hand, are selected so that the magnetic field penetrating the coil 202 achieves substantially maximum magnetic coupling with the coil 202. The locking element 203, which determines the distance between the coil holding device 201 and the GA 105, can be used for central alignment and / or horizontal alignment.

[0076] The power delivered from the GA 105 through the magnetic field 106 to the MVA 104' is measured by a calibrated power measurement device 204'.

[0077] The power and / or energy losses in the MVA 104' are measured, for example, as heat quantities and subtracted from the measurements of the calibrated measuring device 204''. Determining losses by heat quantity measurement is only one example of loss determination, particularly for determining disturbance factors. Since the resistance of the coils is known, the power losses in the MVA can also be calculated.

[0078] Therefore, essentially all losses due to the secondary are excluded by this measurement method. The power losses of MVAs can be measured at the edge of the band, but this requires complex procedures. For example, the power losses of MVAs are essentially calculated and simply added as a constant to the measured power.

[0079] By design, the power transfer point and the measurement point are not the same. The power is measured at the input of the primary coil, but the point where the power is transferred to the consumer is the magnetic field. However, losses and / or disturbance factors between the measurement point and the transfer point can be determined and corrected using this method, so that the transferred power at the transfer point, i.e., the transferred power in the magnetic field, can be determined.

[0080] Thus, the MVA 104' can perform an essentially accurate measurement of the power transmitted by the GA, equivalent to measuring it directly in the alternating magnetic field 106, using a calibrated measurement device 204''.

[0081] Calibration of each GA105 is performed at the end of the production process, for example during quality assurance. Therefore, calibration is essentially the final step in the production process, a so-called "line decalibration."

[0082] While the measurements are being performed, the GA is switched into a test mode, which turns off the diagnostic functions implemented in the GA 105 for functional safety during the calibration period. This test mode can be switched on and off by the correction device 708.

[0083] The load 204' at the output of the MVA 104' is adjusted so that the nominal power range of the MVA is covered for the calibration. For example, the nominal power range can cover a range from 9.1 kW to 11.1 kW. In other words, during the calibration, the deviations of the measurements produced by the GA 105 under consideration from standardized measurements are determined in order to be able to use these deviations determined under ideal conditions for correction during operation of the GA 105.

[0084] During the measurements made in the calibration stage, the input voltage and ambient temperature of the GA 105 are kept constant. The input voltage can be kept constant by a regulated power supply. The temperature may be assumed to be constant during the measurement process. By keeping the input voltage at the main connection 107 constant, the input current will inherently change as the power changes, and the input acts as a constant voltage source.

[0085] One of the purposes of the regulatory calibration measurement and / or calibration measurement is to determine a correction curve that is stored in the GA 105. The correction curve is used to correct the measured power so that it corresponds to the calibrated power measurement value in the MVA 104'. That is, after applying the correction curve in actual operation, the power and / or energy provided by the GA 105 may not differ from the reference one in the measuring probe 104'. For this purpose, for example, the indication of the correction device 705' can be compared with the indication of the measuring device 204'. The calibrated and / or verified GA 105, i.e., the GA to which the correction curve has been applied, can be sealed and marked in accordance with MessEV regulations. It can then operate in compliance with the regulatory calibration without external intervention and, in particular, can be used for official and legally compliant energy sales.

[0086] The MVA 104' can also be used by regulatory calibration offices to inspect the inductive charging system 100, in particular to inspect the GA 105 at the installation site. The inspection can be performed on-site without damaging the seals on the GA 105 or opening it, which means that the GA 105 may meet other requirements of the calibration method. During the control measurement, it is determined that the power and / or energy measured by the GA 105 is within the tolerance for measurement error specified in the calibration method. For this purpose, for example, the indication of the correction device 705' can be compared with the indication of the measurement device 204''.

[0087] The MID Directive lays down specific requirements in Annex V specifically for the regulatory calibration of electricity meters. In Germany, for example, charging stations are assigned meter class A, which means that they must not exceed a measurement error of ±3.5% over the normal temperature range. This requirement was primarily formulated for energy consumption measurements at handover points in wired power networks. The transfer point or transition point is the interface between the energy supplier and the energy consumer, where the consumed energy is measured at the consumer's expense, for example, by a meter in the electrical cabinet of a house.

[0088] However, when inductively charging an electric vehicle, there is no cable on which an energy meter can be attached at the handover point. Instead, power transmission takes place in the magnetic field 106 in the air gap between the primary charging coil L1 and the secondary charging coil L2, or between GA 105 and VA 104. However, cost-effective measurement of the transferred energy cannot be performed in the magnetic field. To comply with calibration methods, measurements are taken elsewhere and the value in the magnetic field is calculated.

[0089] The error-corrected measurements proposed by the subject of the present invention help to achieve a technically, economically feasible and legally sustainable recording of energy consumption.

[0090] Because measurements are not taken directly in the magnetic field, but by sensors in the GA105 that are appropriately adapted by calibration, reliable results can be obtained within defined error tolerances, avoiding direct measurement of transmitted energy in high-frequency, alternating magnetic fields of 85 kHz, exceeding 11 kW of active power and 100 kVA of apparent power. Measuring in such strong magnetic fields with the accuracy, repeatability, and reliability required for consumption measurements would be too complex. Measuring in the GA105 avoids the need for complex laboratory measurement techniques and laborious measurements under laboratory conditions.

[0091] The proposed primary charge plate 105 for error-corrected measurements makes it possible to dispense with complex measurement systems that are unable to perform economical energy measurements directly on the magnetic field. By using existing components and utilizing the measurement sensor systems 702, 703 already integrated into the primary charge plate 105, the proposed primary charge plate avoids the need to integrate expensive precision and / or laboratory measurement technologies into the inductive charging station, which are complex in terms of cost and size. As a result, the proposed primary charge plate 105 can be used to build an energy distribution system for inductive charging that is economically and structurally feasible for charging station operators.

[0092] By using a coupling coil, the secondary side, its integration into the vehicle, and the consumer's behavior have a significant impact on the consumption losses on the primary side 105. This invention makes it possible to perform calibrated energy measurements using an MVA that is not affected by losses caused by the consumer. Therefore, the difference between the output energy and the input energy is an energy loss in the inductive charging system, which is caused only by the primary side and therefore should not be charged to the consumer and must be deducted from the energy measurement. Therefore, the proposed solution also meets the requirements for calibration methods in inductive charging systems.

[0093] The energy losses of the magnetic field 106 during operation are primarily dependent on the accuracy of the parking position and the height of the vehicle relative to the GA 105 (e.g., the effect of the vehicle's load). These factors are primarily influenced by the consumer. Inaccurate positioning, i.e., if there is an offset between the primary coil L1 and the secondary coil L2, or if the vehicle is high, increases the losses. Reducing the magnetic coupling and simultaneously controlling the increase in primary energy transfer to compensate for these losses increases the losses in the primary power electronics. Further factors that affect the primary losses are the electric vehicle's battery charge level, the charging power required by the vehicle, and the size and shielding and metallic environment of the secondary coil and its installed power electronics.

[0094] These are factors that influence the energy losses on the primary side 105 and are attributable to the vehicle and the driver, and therefore, according to the calibration rules, must be attributable to and borne by the driver. Avoiding direct consumption measurements in the magnetic field also avoids misattributing these losses to the energy supplier.

[0095] FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of losses occurring on primary side 105 and secondary side 104 of an inductive charging system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] The causes of losses are shown in Figure 6. The main causes of losses are the three component groups 601, 602, 603 of the primary side 105 and the magnetic field 106 itself. These three component groups 601, 602, 603 and the magnetic field 106 generate disturbance factors, such as losses that are affected by the consumer side. These losses should be charged to the consumer, not the energy supplier.

[0097] The amount of energy supplied from GA 105 to VA 104 is supplied via mains connection 107. It passes through a PFC (power factor correction) filter 601, which ensures that the alternating current (AC) supplied via mains connection 107 behaves as much as possible like a resistive or ohmic resistor and contains as low a reactive power component as possible.

[0098] After the PFC filter 601, the energy is fed to an HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) circuit 606 and then to an inverter 602. This generates an AC voltage of 85 kHz, i.e. the frequency of the magnetic field 106 generated from the mains frequency, e.g., 50 Hz or 60 Hz. However, before the energy is fed to the primary coil L1, impedance matching is performed in a primary impedance matching network 603.

[0099] This energy is transferred to the primary coil L1 via the primary circuit capacitor 607a, generating the magnetic field 106.

[0100] The magnetic field 106 passes through the secondary coil L2 and energy reaches the secondary side. From the secondary coil L2, the energy is transferred via the secondary capacitor 607b to the secondary impedance matching network 604. From there, the energy is transferred via the rectifier 605 to the secondary HVDC circuit to charge the vehicle battery (not shown in FIG. 6).

[0101] Power losses occur in each component of the GA and VA. The causes of power losses in each component depend on the driver or consumer, the type of vehicle, and ultimately on the consumer or energy supplier.

[0102] The PFC filter 601 can experience a power loss of -2% to -5%. This power loss is influenced by the driver or consumer, as the driver determines the parking position, load, and battery charge level. The vehicle type, including the charging power required and the vehicle type itself, such as the vehicle's structure, shape, and materials used, affects the losses incurred in this component. Energy suppliers, such as energy utilities, influence the power losses in this component 601 through the design choices they make for the GA105. The PFC filter 601 is an electronic circuit consisting of components and their connections on a PCB (printed circuit board). Components and connecting lines have losses. These losses can be large or small depending on their selection and design, i.e., the design of the GA105. Parasitic resistance, inductance, and capacitance also contribute to losses. This applies to all components in power electronics.

[0103] The converter 602 may experience a power loss of -1.5% to -7%. This power loss is influenced by the driver and consumer due to driver decisions regarding parking position and load. The type of vehicle influences the losses incurred in this component, for example, through the vehicle type, shape, and materials used. Energy suppliers, e.g., energy utilities, influence the power losses in this component 602 through design choices for the GA105.

[0104] The primary-side impedance matching network 603 can experience a power loss of -0.5% to -4%. This power loss is influenced by the driver or consumer, as the driver determines the parking position, load, battery charge level, and selected charging power. Charging power is requested by the vehicle, which typically depends on the amount of charge in the battery. When the battery is empty, full power, i.e., 100%, is often requested. When the battery is nearly full, the power is typically gradually lower. The type of vehicle also influences the power loss incurred in this component, for example, depending on the vehicle type, shape, and materials used. Energy suppliers, e.g., energy utilities, influence the power loss in this component 603 by the design choices they make for the GA105.

[0105] The magnetic field 106 can experience a power loss of -1.5% to -7%. This power loss is influenced by the driver and the consumer, as the driver determines the parking position and load. The type of vehicle, for example, the vehicle type itself, such as how the vehicle is constructed, what shape it has, and what materials are used, as well as the size of the secondary coil L2 installed in the vehicle, affect the power loss occurring in the magnetic field 106. Similarly, the VA design selected by the vehicle manufacturer for the vehicle type, which may be related to the coil size and / or materials used, can affect the magnetic field and its loss or disturbance factors. Since the driver typically selects the vehicle model, the driver is also responsible for the power loss occurring in the vehicle. Energy suppliers, such as energy utilities, influence the power loss in the magnetic field 106 by selecting the design of the GA 105.

[0106] The secondary side impedance matching network 604 can experience a power loss of -0.5% to -4%. This power loss is influenced by the driver and consumer through parking position, load, and battery charge level. The type of vehicle also influences the power loss experienced by this component due to the charging power required by the vehicle type.

[0107] Rectifier 605 can experience a power loss of -1% to -3%. This power loss is affected by the driver or consumer through the battery charge level.

[0108] With knowledge of the power losses and loss causes in the GA and VA, the method for determining the measurement error and the correction device for determining the measurement error can select at least one defective component in the primary charge plate 105. In combination with the method for error-corrected measurement of the energy provided to the secondary charge plate 104 at the primary charge plate 105, it may be possible to implement a method based on a calibration law for measuring the energy transferred by the inductive charging system 100 with an apportionment based on the causes of losses occurring therein. Here, the results of the measurement error determination method are used in the error correction measurement method. The information exchange can be performed by writing and / or reading correction values ​​to / from a memory device in the primary charge plate 105.

[0109] In order to determine and compensate for losses at the consumer side from the differential measurement, it is considered as an aspect of the present invention to perform differential measurements at at least two measurement points of the energy transfer path using a calibrated measurement system and a substantially ideal measurement coil 202 instead of measurements at the transfer point in the inductive charging system.

[0110] The term "ideal measurement coil 202" may refer to the fact that the coil 202, and in particular the measurement probe 104', can be placed in the magnetic field 106 of the GA 105 under essentially ideal conditions, at the end of the manufacturing process, while still in the manufacturing plant, such that the coil 202 achieves a large coupling with the magnetic field 106.

[0111] The measurement method according to the present invention can achieve a measurement error of less than ±3.5%, taking into account the requirements of the calibration method and technical feasibility. The measurement method according to the present invention can be suitable for calibrating the inductive charging system 100 during manufacturing and later verifying the calibration in the field during operation, for example by a calibration laboratory.

[0112] Considering the power losses and their causes in the individual components, it can be seen that the power losses associated with the energy supplier and GA design 105 occur in the PFC filter 601, converter 602, primary impedance matching network 603, and magnetic field 106. The GA 105 is the responsibility of the energy supplier, who is the operator of the GA. However, it can also be shown that these components 601, 602, 603, 106 are influenced by the energy consumer or receiver, for example, parking position, load, battery state, charging power, etc.

[0113] Thus, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method for calibrating a measurement of energy provided to a secondary charge plate 104 at a primary charge plate and / or a primary charge plate 105 for measuring energy provided to a secondary charge plate 104 is provided, where energy losses are taken into account in a causal manner. Energy losses by the primary charge plate are not included in the measurement results. Thus, the measurement results include only the energy provided to the load for charging, including energy losses incurred by the secondary charge plate 104 and the behavior of the load.

[0114] Excluding energy losses at the primary charging plate, which are essentially the responsibility of the energy supplier, and including disturbance factors that are influenced by the energy consumer or receiver, such as parking position, load, battery status, energy losses due to charging power, etc., can be considered a cause-related measurement. The measurement of supplied energy is therefore suitable for billing the consumer.

[0115] To avoid the need for complex laboratory techniques for such selective direct measurements during operation, i.e., while the vehicle is charging, a two-step procedure is proposed. First, a calibration step is performed under essentially ideal conditions to determine a correction value. This correction value essentially includes only losses on the primary charge plate and is not affected by the driver. This correction value is then stored in the GA105.

[0116] During the operational phase, the energy actually supplied by the energy supplier can be determined essentially only by the GA105 and the sensors installed therein by measuring the input power and subtracting a correction value. This is the energy supplied to the consumer and can also be billed to the consumer. The energy supplied by the energy supplier includes the energy supplied to the consumer, but also includes losses in the GA105 caused by the consumer and therefore outside the control of the energy supplier.

[0117] Losses caused by GA105 will not be charged to consumers.

[0118] Such determination of delivered energy should be subject to calibration methods.

[0119] Calibration of the magnetic transferred energy measurement is performed during system manufacturing, specifically at the end of the line, and not while the system is in operation. Calibration of the magnetic transferred energy measurement is performed by measuring power at two different locations in the system 100. This involves measuring the input power on the primary side and measuring the magnetic force on the secondary side with an idealized measuring coil 104', which simulates the VA 104.

[0120] Providing two measurements allows the difference to be formed. To measure the power according to the calibration law, the power is measured in a first measurement directly at the input of the primary side 105 using a calibrated measurement sensor. This measurement is performed with a calibrated measurement device. These two measurements are used to calibrate the system before it is put into operation, to ensure that the measurements during the operation phase comply with the calibration law.

[0121] By comparing the measurement value of the measurement sensor with a calibrated measurement device, possible measurement errors of the measurement sensor can be corrected by calibration. The error in the measured power at the input of the primary side 105 is P GA、err and represents the measurement error of the measurement sensor 702 at the input of the GA 105.

[0122] In addition to measuring and calibrating the input measurement sensor 702, in a second measurement the specific power loss of the primary side 105 is determined as a disturbance factor, which is not affected by the influencing factors of the secondary side 104 and therefore also attributable to the energy supplier, since it depends on the specific factors of the GA 105, such as the GA design. This specific power loss of the primary side 105 is determined as part of the correction value and is subtracted from the power measurement value of the input measurement sensor in subsequent measurements during operation of the GA 105. The specific power loss of the primary side, determined in a second measurement using the idealized measurement probe MVA 104', is P intr and is attributed to the GA105 used by energy suppliers and therefore must be deducted from the power measurement and therefore cannot be charged to the consumer.

[0123] Furthermore, during the calibration phase, the power loss P MVA、err A correction value for is determined and added to the input power measurements during operation. This disturbance factor is the power loss of an ideal measurement probe.

[0124] Secondary losses are always attributed to the consumer.

[0125] If the input power P(i) is measured at the input of the primary side at time i*Δt by an input power measurement sensor installed on the GA105 while the GA105 is in operation, then to arrive at the calibrated power measurement provided to the consumer, the value of the input power measurement P(i) is multiplied by three correction factors P GA、err , P intr , P MVA、err The calibrated power P at time i*Δt must be corrected by cal (i) is as follows: JPEG2025530450000002.jpg12109

[0126] Therefore, the calibration power P at time i*Δt is cal (i) is the measured power P(i) at the input of the primary side 105 at time i*Δt, calculated from the primary side P GA、errthe measured power at the input of the intr and the power loss P of the secondary side measuring coil MVA104' MVA、err where i is an integer value indicating the index of the input power measurement value of the GA 105, and Δt is the time interval between measurements.

[0127] Value P cal (i) can be displayed on the display device of the correction device 705' as the power currently being supplied to the vehicle.

[0128] The correction factor for disturbance factors depends on the instantaneous power, i.e., P GA、err =P GA、err (P(i)), P intr =P intr (P(i)), P MVA、err =P MVA、err (P(i)). This describes a characteristic curve that takes into account that the power loss is dependent on the current. Such a characteristic curve may be written to the storage device 705 of the primary charge plate 105 for correction. In another embodiment, the power loss may be a constant and essentially independent of the current.

[0129] Energy supplied to consumers W cal is the calibrated power measurement P cal From (i), it is calculated by multiplying the power by the total measurement time. In the case of varying energy flows, the energy is calculated from the integral of the power over time. This is approximated by discrete measurements as the sum of all power measurements multiplied by the time between measurements. JPEG2025530450000003.jpg33104

[0130] Here, T is the total measurement time, dt is the time derivative, and N is the total number of measurements.

[0131] During the calibration phase of the power measurement, compensation values ​​and / or compensation characteristic curves for the measurement phase are determined. To determine the compensation characteristic or correction curve, a defined nominal power range is run through the MVA 104', for example a power range of 9.1 kW to 11.1 kW.

[0132] Power correction parameter P GA、err and P intr The characteristic curve of P, in particular the characteristic of the corresponding correction value, can be implemented in software as a first-order polynomial or as a conversion table and written into the storage device 705. In this case, P MVA、err The current dependence of can be neglected and included as a constant in the calculation.

[0133] The form of this polynomial is: JPEG2025530450000004.jpg1057

[0134] The conversion table is stored in the following format: JPEG2025530450000005.jpg1193

[0135] 7 to 10 show different methods for calibrating the power measurement. These are different embodiments of methods that can be used to approximate the output power. These methods may be implemented in the correction device 706. The correction device 706 may be provided with a switch that allows selection of at least one method.

[0136] FIG. 7 shows an arrangement for calibrating the input power measurement of the GA 105 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0137] 7 shows a correction device 706 for determining a correction value and writing or reading the correction value from the primary charge plate 105. The correction device 706 thus serves to calibrate the primary charge plate 105 and includes a selection device 707, an evaluation device 708, and a writing device 709.

[0138] The selection device 707 is designed to select at least one component 601, 602, 603 to be corrected or a defective component 601, 602, 603 in the primary charge plate 105 and / or to select at least one comparison measurement device 701, 204'', e.g., a calibrated sensor 701, 204'' and / or a calibrated sensor 701, 204''. The component 601, 602, 603 to be corrected may be indirectly selected by selecting a corresponding sensor 702, 703 installed on the primary charge plate 105, and its disturbance factor, e.g., its error or loss, may be determined by differential measurement via the sensors 701, 702, 703, 204''.

[0139] At least one component 601, 602, 603 to be corrected is a measurement error P GA、err , specific power loss P intr or specific loss P intr , and loss P MVA、err , and in particular the measured losses P from the secondary charge plates 104, 104′. MVA、err The sensor is affected by at least one disturbance factor selected from a group of disturbance factors consisting of:

[0140] The evaluation device 708 further determines the disturbance factor of each of the at least one defective component 601, 602, 603, e.g., the power loss P GA、err , P intr , P MVA、err and determining a correction value from the total disturbance factor of each loss of at least one component.

[0141] The evaluation device is designed to determine a correction value from the overall disturbance factor and to write the overall disturbance factor as a correction value into the memory device 705 of the primary charge plate 105 by the writing device 709 .

[0142] In Figures 7-10, the calibrated comparison sensor selections are indicated by capital letters A, E, F, and the sensor selections mounted on the primary charge plate 105 are indicated by lower case letters b, c.

[0143] The primary charge plate 105 or GA 105 can be used to calibrate the energy delivered to the secondary charge plate 104, 104'. The energy is delivered via the magnetic field 106.

[0144] The primary charge plate 105 has an input power measurement device 702, a memory device 705 and a correction device 705′, and the input power measurement device 702 or the installed sensor 702 is configured to determine the input power P(i) at the primary charge plate 105.

[0145] The correction unit 705' is configured to retrieve a correction value from the storage unit 705 of the primary charge plate 105. The correction value corrects for at least one disturbance factor, e.g., error, loss, or power loss, of at least one loss-affected component 601, 602, 603 of the primary charge plate or at least one component 601, 602, 603 of the primary charge plate to be corrected, where the disturbance factor is a loss measurement error P with respect to a calibrated comparison sensor value. GA、err , specific loss P intr , and the measured loss from the secondary charge plate P MVA、err The power loss is selected from the group consisting of:

[0146] As an example, the correction value is the loss P GA、err , P intr , P MVA、err It can be a negative signed value of the disturbance factor such as

[0147] The correction unit 705' is configured to provide a corrected measurement. The actual power consumption value P allocated to the consumer cal (i) is displayed on a display device 711 connected to the correction device 705'. In one example, the energy consumption required by the MID / MessEG is displayed, for example in kWh. The power can optionally be displayed for information purposes.

[0148] To measure the input power, an input sensor 702 or input power measuring device 702, e.g., a voltage sensor or current sensor, installed in the GA 105 is used. At the end of the line, i.e., at the end of the production run, the input power measurement by the sensor 702 in the GA 105 is compared with a calibrated power meter 701. The measurement is carried out over a nominal power range, e.g., a power range from 9.1 kW to 11.1 kW. To cover the power range, a variable load 704 is used in the MVA 104', which is controlled, e.g., by a selection device 707. The control of the comparison measurement is indicated in Figure 7 by the letter F.

[0149] Thus, by comparison between the power measured by the installed sensor 702 and the calibrated measuring device 701, the disturbance factor or corrected power parameter P can be calculated as a characteristic curve that depends on the input power. GA、err which corrects the input power measurement device 702 sensor value for the specific current power absorption.

[0150] Therefore, the correction measurement is the P between the calibrated sensor 701 and the input sensor 702. GA、err To this end, the settings A, b, F are selected in the selection device 707.

[0151] With the correction values ​​stored in the storage device 705, the GA 105 can autonomously correct the sensor values ​​of the input sensor 702. The thus corrected sensor provides a calibrated input power measurement. JPEG2025530450000006.jpg1164

[0152] FIG. 8 shows an arrangement for calibrating losses of the GA 105 without a PFC filter 601 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0153] The loss of the GA105 without the PFC filter 601 is calibrated using the intrinsic loss P' of the GA105. intrTo determine this, an internal power measurement in the power propagation direction behind the PFC filter 601 is compared with a power measurement at the MVA 104' at the line end. The internal power measurement behind the PFC filter 601 is performed using a sensor 703 integrated into the GA 105 placed in the power propagation direction behind the PFC filter 601.

[0154] The measurements are performed over a nominal power range that can be varied with the variable load 204' of the MVA 104'. MVA、err Therefore, a comparison between the power measured by the installed sensor 703 and the calibrated sensor 204″ of the MVA 104′ yields the specific power loss P′ as a characteristic curve depending on the input power. intr This results in a correction parameter or correction value for the PFC filter 703, which must be corrected during autonomous operation of the GA 105 to provide the consumer with a power measurement value that meets the calibration criteria via the correction device 705'. Because the sensor 703 is close to the inductive power transfer, the measurement value 703 can be used even though it only provides a portion of the intrinsic losses. The measurement by the sensor 703 separates the PFC losses from the inductive power transfer.

[0155] The legally defined tolerances in the power determination between the measured and corrected power and the actual power must be observed. Errors and losses must be distributed between the power measurement at the input of the power path and the drifts and / or tolerances of the components involved in the power path.

[0156] DC power can be determined more accurately than three-phase 50 Hz input power. The more accurate the measurement, the more tolerances can be allowed for the power components.

[0157] The input power and PFC losses are calibrated separately.

[0158] Thus, the corrected measurement is the specific power loss P' between the calibrated sensor 204' of the MVA 104' and the built-in sensor 703 behind the PFC filter 601. intr To this end, the settings c, E, F are selected in the selection device 707.

[0159] If the correction values ​​are stored in the storage device 705, the GA 105 can correct its sensor values ​​independently, for example in autonomous operation. intr The sensor value of the sensor 703 behind the PFC corrected by Θ ... JPEG2025530450000007.jpg1478

[0160] The disturbances or losses taken into account by this calibration method include the power loss P conv , the power loss P of the impedance matching 603 match , and the power loss P of the magnetic field 106 mag Partial intrinsic GA loss P' with intr Includes: JPEG2025530450000008.jpg1383

[0161] FIG. 9 shows an arrangement for calibrating the intrinsic loss of the GA 105 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0162] The calibration of the specific loss of the GA105 is carried out by calculating the overall specific loss P intr It helps to determine the specific loss P of GA105. intr To determine the power dissipation P of the MVA 104', an internal power measurement is performed at the line end using an input power measurement device 702 at the input of the voltage supply 107 and compared to the measured power at the MVA 104'. MVA、err is added.

[0163] Although the measurement in Figure 8 can only determine a portion of the intrinsic losses relative to the measurement in Figure 9, the measurement in Figure 8 is useful because the measurement by sensor 703 is closer to the inductive power transfer, e.g., it can separate PFC losses from the inductive power transfer.

[0164] The measurements are made over a nominal power range, for example a power range of 9.1 kW to 11.1 kW. To cover the power range, the MVA 104' uses a variable load 704, which is controlled, for example, by a selection device 707.

[0165] Therefore, a comparison between the power measured by the installed sensor 702 or input power measuring device 702 and the calibrated sensor 204″ of the MVA 104′ can be used to determine the specific power loss P as a characteristic curve that depends on the input power. intr Correction parameters or correction values ​​for, in particular disturbance factors, are obtained, which must be used to correct the sensor values ​​of the input power measurement device 702 during autonomous operation of the GA 105 so that power measurements that meet the calibration conditions can be provided to the consumer via the correction device 705'.

[0166] In this way, the corrective measurement is made to account for the inherent power loss P between the calibrated sensor 204′ of the MVA 104′ and the built-in sensor of the input power measurement device 702. intr To this end, the settings b, E, F are selected in the selection device 707.

[0167] If the correction value is stored in the storage device 705, the GA 105 can correct the sensor value by itself. In this way, the corrected sensor value of the input power measuring device 702 includes not only all the internal losses of the GA but also the losses in the magnetic field (the loss P in the PFC filter 601 which indicates the power loss of the reactive power correction). pfc Provides power measurements with correction for JPEG2025530450000009.jpg1578

[0168] The losses considered in this calibration method are the power losses P pfc, the power loss P of the converter 602 conv , the power loss P of the impedance matching 603 match , and the power loss P of the magnetic field 106 mag The total specific GA loss P intr It consists of: JPEG2025530450000010.jpg1197

[0169] FIG. 10 shows an arrangement for a complete calibration of power measurements in a GA 105 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0170] A complete calibration of the power measurement in the GA105 basically consists of a calibration of the input power measurement of the GA105 in FIG. 7 and a calibration of the overall inherent loss of the GA105 in FIG.

[0171] A complete calibration of the power measurement in the GA 105 is performed at the line end in two steps: In the first step, the internal measurement of the input power by the sensor 702 of the GA 105 is compared with the calibrated power measurement device 701, resulting in a corrected power parameter P GA、err In a second step, the input power measurement device 702 is calibrated by determining the total specific power loss P intr is determined, and the power loss P mag and the internal power measurements are calibrated.

[0172] Correction parameter P GA、err , P intr , P mag or disturbance factor P GA、err , P intr , P mag can be stored in the storage device 705 and used by the correction device 705′ to provide corrected sensor values ​​during autonomous operation of the GA 105, thus enabling a calibrated input power measurement P(i) with correction for all GA internal losses and magnetic field losses.

[0173] Therefore, the calibrated power is calculated as follows: JPEG2025530450000011.jpg14108

[0174] In this way, the input power measurement device 702 built into the GA 105 can provide a power measurement value that is based on a calibrated power measurement at the input of the GA 105 and that does not essentially include the inherent losses of the primary side 105. Thus, all losses for which the energy supplier and operator of the GA 105 are responsible are included in the provided power P cal (i) is subtracted from the power P cal (i) is displayed on the display device 711 and corresponds to the power allocated to the consumer.

[0175] Any additional losses that may occur during the operation of the charging station are caused by the secondary side and are attributable to the consumer. This method is technically and economically feasible and at the same time meets the requirements of applicable legislation. cal is the power supplied to consumers including all losses attributable to consumers.

[0176] Therefore, the correction measurement is the P between the calibrated sensor 701 and the input sensor 702. GA、err To this end, the settings A, b, F are selected in the selection device 707.

[0177] The correction measurement is performed by subtracting the inherent power loss P between the calibrated sensor 204′ of the MVA 104′ and the built-in sensor of the input power measurement device 702. intr To this end, the settings b, E, F are selected in the selection device 707.

[0178] The order of execution of these steps is arbitrary and can be reversed.

[0179] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method for determining a measurement error of a primary charge plate when energizing a secondary charge plate in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0180] The method begins at state S1100 in idle mode.

[0181] In state S1101, at least one component to be corrected is selected in the primary charge plate, and the at least one component to be corrected is affected by at least one disturbance factor selected from a group of disturbance factors consisting of a measurement error relative to a comparison value, an inherent partial loss, an inherent loss, and a loss from the secondary charge plate.

[0182] In state S1102, the method continues by determining an overall disturbance factor, e.g., measurement error or loss, for each of the at least one component to be corrected or a component affected by a failure or loss, and determining a correction value from the overall disturbance factor.

[0183] In state S1103, the overall disturbance factor is written as a correction value to the storage unit of the primary charge plate.

[0184] The method ends at state S1104.

[0185] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart of a method for calibrating and measuring the energy delivered to the secondary charge plate 104 at the primary charge plate 105 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0186] The method begins at state S1200 in idle mode.

[0187] In state S1201, the input power P(i) at the primary charge plate 105 is determined.

[0188] In state S1202, a correction value is read from the storage device of the primary charge plate, the correction value correcting at least one disturbance factor of at least one component of the primary charge plate to be corrected, the disturbance factor being a measurement error P GA、err , intrinsic partial loss P ’intr , specific loss P intr and loss P from the secondary charge plateMVA、err The disturbance factors are selected from the group consisting of:

[0189] In state S1203, the error-corrected or calibrated measurement P cal (i) is provided.

[0190] The method ends at state S1204.

[0191] In addition, it should be noted that "comprises" and "having" do not exclude other elements or steps, and "one" or "a" does not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments can also be used in combination with other features or steps of other of the above exemplary embodiments. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered limiting.

[0192] 100: Inductive charging system 100': Inductive charging system with GA and measuring probe; 101: Wireless connection 102: Vehicle chassis 103:Floor 104: Vehicle assembly 104': Measuring probe 105: Ground Assembly 106:Magnetic field 107: Main connection 201: Coil holding device 202: Coil 203: Coil positioning device 204: Measuring device box 204': Load 204': Measuring device 601: PFC filter 602: Converter 603: Primary side impedance matching network 604: Secondary side impedance matching network 605: Rectifier 606: Primary HVDC circuit 607a: Primary circuit capacitor 607b: Secondary capacitor 608: Secondary HVDC circuit L1: Primary coil L2: Secondary coil 701: Calibrated power meter 702: Input power measuring device 703: Sensor behind the PFC filter 705: Storage device 705': Correction device 706: Correction device 707:Selection device 708: Evaluation device 709: Writing device 710a, 710a':P GA、err Calibration range for determination 710b:P ’intr Calibration range for measurements 710c, 710c':P intr Calibration range for determination 711:Display device S1100 to S1104: Method status S1200 to S1204: Method status

Claims

1. Selection of at least one component (601, 602, 603) to be corrected on the primary charge plate (105); determining a total disturbance factor of each disturbance factor of the at least one component to be corrected; determining a correction value from the comprehensive disturbance factors; writing the comprehensive disturbance factor as a correction value into a memory device (705) of the primary side charge plate (105); Equipped with wherein the at least one component (601, 602, 603) to be corrected is affected by at least one disturbance factor selected from the group of disturbance factors consisting of: Measurement error for the comparison value (P ＧＡ、ｅｒｒ ); Intrinsic partial loss (P ’ｉｎｔｒ ); Intrinsic loss (P ｉｎｔｒ ); and The measured loss from the secondary charge plate (P ＭＶＡ、ｅｒｒ ), A method for determining a correction value for an energy measurement of a primary charge plate (105) when supplying energy to a secondary charge plate (104).

2. The method of determining a correction value according to claim 1 , wherein the correction value is a correction curve.

3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one disturbance factor is determined by input power measurements at the primary charge plate.

4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one disturbance factor is determined by magnetic field measurements in a magnetic field resulting from the primary charge plate (105).

5. a correction device (706) for determining a correction value for the energy measurement at the primary charge plate (105) and writing said correction value to said primary charge plate (105), Selection device (707); evaluation device (708); a writing device (709); Equipped with wherein the selection device (707) is configured to select at least one component (601, 602, 603) to be corrected in the primary charge plate (105); wherein the at least one component (601, 602, 603) to be corrected is affected by at least one disturbance factor selected from the group of disturbance factors consisting of: Measurement error for the comparison value (P ＧＡ、ｅｒｒ ); Intrinsic partial loss (P ’ｉｎｔｒ ); Intrinsic loss (P ｉｎｔｒ ); and The measured loss (P ＭＶＡ、ｅｒｒ ); wherein the evaluation device (708) is configured to determine a total disturbance factor of each disturbance factor of the at least one component (601, 602, 603) to be corrected; wherein the evaluation device (708) is configured to determine the correction value from the comprehensive disturbance factor; Here, the writing device (709) is configured to write the comprehensive disturbance factor as the correction value into the memory device (705) of the primary charge plate.

6. Determining the input power (P(i)) at the primary charge plate (105); Reading a correction value from a memory device (705) of the primary charge plate (105); The calibrated measurement (P ｃａｌ ) provision, Equipped with wherein the correction value corrects at least one disturbance factor of at least one component (601, 602, 603) of the primary charge plate (105) to be corrected, wherein the disturbance factor is a group of disturbance factors consisting of: Measurement error for the comparison value (P ＧＡ、ｅｒｒ ); Intrinsic partial loss (P ’ｉｎｔｒ ); Intrinsic loss (P ｉｎｔｒ ); and Measured loss from the secondary charge plate (P ＭＶＡ、ｅｒｒ ); Selected from: A method for calibrating and measuring the energy delivered to the secondary charge plate at the primary charge plate.

7. Input power measuring device (702); Storage device (705); Correction device (705'); Equipped with wherein the input power measurement device (702) is configured to determine input power at a primary charge plate (105); wherein the correction device (705') is configured to read a correction value from the storage device (705) of the primary charge plate (105); wherein the correction value corrects at least one disturbance factor of at least one component (601, 602, 603) of the primary charge plate (105) to be corrected, wherein the disturbance factor is a group of disturbance factors consisting of: Measurement error for the comparison value (P ＧＡ、ｅｒｒ ); Intrinsic partial loss (P ’ｉｎｔｒ ); Intrinsic loss (P ｉｎｔｒ ); and The measured loss (P ＭＶＡ、ｅｒｒ ); Selected from, and Here, the correction device (705') uses the calibrated measurement (P ｃａｌ ) is intended to provide A primary charge plate (105) for calibrating and measuring the energy delivered to the secondary charge plate.

8. Coil (202); Coil holding device (201); a coil positioning device (203); Equipped with wherein the coil holding device (201) is configured to hold the coil in a magnetic field; wherein the coil positioning device (203) is configured to position the coil (202) in the magnetic field such that the coil (202) achieves a large and / or maximum coupling with the magnetic field. A measuring probe (104') for measuring magnetic fields.

9. the coil positioning device (203) further comprises a locking element; wherein the locking element is configured to lock onto the housing of the primary charge plate (105) to provide large and / or maximum coupling with the magnetic field; The measurement probe (104) of claim 8.

10. 10. The measuring probe (104) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the coil holding device (201) is formed as a table.

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