Apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a powdered material

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus (100; 100) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdered material (004). * ) and at least one first application mechanism (101; 101') comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103'), the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103; 103') forming a first roller nip (104; 104') serving for film formation in a nip between their peripheral surfaces, through which a powdery material (004) can be conveyed, whereby a first dry film (003) is formed; and a roller (103'; 106) which, together with the second roller (103) or with a further roller indirectly or directly following the second roller (103) downstream in the direction of material flow relative to the second roller (103), forms a second nip (107), through which a substrate path is provided, through which a carrier substrate web (106) to be coated can be guided during operation, and on a first side of the carrier substrate web (106) a dry film (106) formed in the first nip (104) can be provided. * According to the invention, in order to adjust the roller gap (104; 107) between two rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') arranged adjacent to each other and capable of relative movement, at least one tensioning device (141; 165) with a drive means (132; 133) is provided on the side of the frame, by means of which the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') can be moved or compressed toward each other in the adjustment direction and can be moved away from each other again or at least can be decompressed again. * ) regarding.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The invention relates to an apparatus for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdery material according to claim 1.

[0002] In WO 2020 / 150254, a film is formed by calendering a powder mixture, wound up into a roll, and then fed to a subsequent process where it may be laminated to a collector. In one configuration, the powder mixture is discharged onto a strip and guided thereon into the nip of two rollers.

[0003] Korean Patent No. 102359521 discloses an apparatus for dry-coating a current collector web with an active material layer. The apparatus includes a first and a second roller, one for each web surface. An active material layer is formed between the first and second rollers, and each active material layer is applied to the current collector web at the nip between the second rollers. The apparatus also includes first and second devices for adjusting the roller gap, which adjust the gap between the first and second rollers, respectively. The first and second devices include mechanical cylinders driven by servomotors. Furthermore, the apparatus also includes a third device for adjusting the roller gap formed between the second rollers. This allegedly allows the electrode thickness to be easily controlled via the gap width. In one configuration, an air cylinder may be further provided between the second rollers to maintain a constant gap.

[0004] German Patent Application Publication No. 10 2008 009 341 A1 relates to the grinding, mixing, dispersing, homogenizing, or the like, of liquid or pasty materials in a roller train with several rollers, each supported on both end sides in a bearing housing. The material is transported continuously from the first roller to the last removal roller, where it is removed by a scraper. Two of the three rollers, the outermost, are adjustable in their spacing or bearing relative to the middle roller via the pivoting of the bearing housing. The end-side bearing housing of at least one of the rollers is configured so that it can be adjusted independently transversely to the roller axis by respective eccentric bearings, and thus can be adjusted to a crossed position relative to another roller by the opposing displacement of the eccentrics.

[0005] The problem underlying the present invention is to provide an apparatus for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdered material.

[0006] This problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

[0007] The advantages that can be obtained by the invention are, inter alia, that the device makes it possible to ensure that coated carrier substrates are produced with as uniform and defined a layer of active material as possible.

[0008] In a configuration of such an apparatus for coating, in particular dry coating, a carrier substrate with a powdered material that is particularly suitable for the present invention, the apparatus has at least one first application mechanism, which comprises a first roller and a second roller, the first roller and the second roller forming a first gap in the nip between their peripheral surfaces that serves for film formation, through which the powdered material can be transported and through which a first dry film is formed, and a roller that acts as a counterpressure roller, which forms a second gap together with the second roller of the first application mechanism or with a further roller that follows the second roller indirectly or directly downstream in the direction of material flow from the second roller, through which the carrier substrate web to be coated can be guided and which can provide the carrier substrate with the dry film formed in the first gap and transported to the second gap, in particular via the second roller and optionally further rollers.

[0009] According to the invention, in order to adjust the roller gap between two rollers arranged adjacent to each other and capable of relative movement, at least one tensioning device with a drive means is provided on the side of the frame, by means of which both rollers can be moved or compressed toward each other in the adjustment direction and can be moved away from each other again or at least decompressed again.

[0010] Preferably, an adjusting device comprising a drive means acts on the first and second rollers with both working ends of the adjusting device to provide an adjusting force on the first and second rollers directed in a direction to move them closer together in order to adjust the gap between the first and second rollers.

[0011] In a preferred configuration, a cylinder-piston system is provided as drive means, which can be supplied with pressure fluid. Advantageously, this cylinder-piston system is supplied with pressure fluid from a pressure fluid source connected to the inlet side of an adjusting means fluidically connected to the cylinder-piston system, the pressure fluid source providing and / or being able to provide pressure fluid having a pressure of at least 100 bar or 10 MPa.

[0012] In an advantageous embodiment, means are provided for emergency shutdown, by means of which a switchover to an operating mode is or can be effected which results in a pressureless switchover or cutoff of the pressure medium supply to the cylinder-piston system.

[0013] Preferably, the first gap between the first and second rollers is adjustable on a position basis, ie to a constant and / or defined gap width, by an adjustment device.

[0014] In an advantageous refinement, each roller or rollers forming the corresponding gap between them are supported on both sides on the structural walls of different sub-frames, and the adjusting device acts on the structural walls of both rollers forming the corresponding gap between them.

[0015] In an advantageous configuration, the roller effective as a counter-pressure roller is simultaneously a laminating roller and forms part of a second application mechanism located on the other side of the substrate path, the second application mechanism comprising a first roller of the second application mechanism, which together with the laminating roller effective as a counter-pressure roller or with a further roller of the second application mechanism located therebetween forms a first roller gap of the second application mechanism, through which the powdery material can be transported, during which a second dry film is formed, and which second dry film can be applied in the second roller gap via the laminating roller of the second application mechanism to the second side of the carrier substrate, which is guided through the second gap via the transport path during operation.

[0016] Further advantageous configurations and refinements can be seen from the claims and the following description, individually or in combination.

[0017] An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is explained in more detail below. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a product to be produced. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of forming and depositing a dry film. [Figure 3] 1 shows an embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product comprising a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of a first group of embodiments. [Figure 4] 4 is an enlarged view of the deposition step of the first configuration shown in FIG. 3. FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 shows an alternative configuration to that of the first group of examples. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 shows a further alternative configuration of the first group of example configurations. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 shows a further alternative configuration of the first group of example configurations. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a principle diagram of the configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a principle diagram for a further configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 10] 10 shows an embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of the second group of embodiments. FIG. [Figure 11] 11 is an enlarged view of the deposition stage shown in FIG. 10 with a paired coupling of two rollers in a first configuration. [Figure 12] 11 is an enlarged view of the deposition stage shown in FIG. 10 with a paired coupling of two rollers in a second configuration. [Figure 13]FIG. [Figure 14] A perspective view of a product section with slight lateral primer extrusion. [Figure 15] 10 shows a further embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product comprising a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 16] 10 shows a further embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product comprising a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 17] 10 shows a further embodiment for a machine for producing a multi-layer product comprising a dry film deposited on a carrier substrate by a deposition stage according to the configuration of the second group of embodiments. [Figure 18] 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a mounting mechanism with a multi-part structure, in particular a double mounting mechanism; [Figure 19] 19 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the attachment mechanism shown in FIG. 18 with a multi-part frame, specifically a double attachment mechanism. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a partial frame of a frame consisting of multiple parts. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bearing area of ​​a partial frame. [Figure 22] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a partial frame with abutment means for limiting the abutment movement. [Figure 23] FIG. 1 shows a principle diagram of two rollers with rotation axes inclined relative to one another. [Figure 24] FIG. 10 is a front view of a partial frame provided with a support means that allows rotation. [Figure 25] 10A and 10B are cross-sectional views of alternative configurations for a deposition mechanism with a multi-part framework, particularly a dual deposition mechanism. [Figure 26] 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of an embodiment of a closed-loop control circuit for closed-loop control of the gap width of a film forming gap, with an adjustment member formed by a multi-way valve; a) is a side view of a portion of the deposition mechanism, and b) is a plan view of a portion of the deposition mechanism. [Figure 27] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-way valve. [Figure 28] 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams of an embodiment of a closed-loop control circuit for closed-loop control of the gap width of a film forming gap with an adjustment means formed by a pump, where a) is a side view of a portion of the deposition mechanism and b) is a plan view of a portion of the deposition mechanism. [Figure 29] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with a closed-loop control circuit for closed-loop control of gap width. [Figure 30] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with a closed-loop control circuit for closed-loop control based on layer thickness. [Figure 31] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with an alternative closed-loop control circuit for closed-loop control based on layer thickness. [Figure 32] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with a further alternative closed-loop control circuit for closed-loop control based on layer thickness. [Figure 33] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with a closed-loop control circuit for closed-loop control based on unit area mass. [Figure 34] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a deposition mechanism with an alternative closed-loop control circuit for closed-loop control based on unit area mass.

[0019] The device or machine described below is particularly concerned with the fabrication of electrode units 001 of electrochemical storage devices such as those used in batteries or accumulators, such as lithium-sulfur batteries, sodium-ion batteries or, in particular, lithium-ion batteries, as well as in solid-state batteries.

[0020] The products 001; 002 produced by the machine described below can be formed, for example, by an intermediate product 002 that has not yet been cut, for example in web form, such as a product continuous body 002 formed as an electrode continuous body 002, or by a sheet-like final product 001 that has already been cut in the machine, such as a product segment 001 formed as an electrode unit 001, or electrode 001 for short.

[0021] Thus, for the production of such products 001;002, which comprise a material layer 003;003', in particular an active material layer 003;003', preferably applied as a dry film 003;003', applied on one or both sides to a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web 006, for example a current collector substrate 006 formed by a current collector sheet 006, there is provided an apparatus 100;100 for coating, for example a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 as described above, with said material layer 003;003', preferably a dry film 003;003', in particular a powder composite film 003. * , abbreviated as Coating Apparatus 100;100 * An apparatus for, in particular for dry coating, is provided, which comprises at least one first application mechanism 101 by means of which a powdery, preferably dry material 004;004', in particular a preferably solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture 004;004', can first be converted, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, into a dry film 003, and then this dry film 003;003' can be applied, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, to a first side of a carrier substrate 006. The dry film 003;003' to be applied preferably has a thickness of, for example, 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably 40 μm to 100 μm, for example, after application and pressing.

[0022] The above-mentioned powder mixture 004; 004', in particular present as a dry powder, is particularly intended for the production of an electrode unit 001 for a lithium-ion battery or storage battery and comprises, for example, more than 90% by weight of an active material such as one or more of the lithium compounds lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide and / or lithium titanate, a few% by weight, for example 3% by weight, of a conductive additive such as graphite or so-called CNTs, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and a few% by weight, for example 2% by weight, of a plastic which is effective as a binder in the subsequent powder composite, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0023] The carrier substrate 006 is, for example, also the current collector layer of the electrode unit 001 and is formed, for example, from a conductive material, such as a metal, in the form of a sheet, fleece, or fabric. The carrier substrate 006 is, for example, formed from aluminum or copper and / or has a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 16 μm, particularly when producing electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators. In the case of producing anodes, the carrier substrate 006 is made, in particular, of copper, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 5 to 13 μm, and in the case of producing cathodes, the carrier substrate 006 is made, in particular, of aluminum, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 μm.

[0024] In a preferred configuration, the carrier substrate 006 has a superficial coating of a bond-promoting or bond-generating agent 007;007', such as a binder 007;007', a primer 007;007' or an adhesive 007;007', at least in the surface area coated with the dry film 003;003'. Such an agent 007;007' may be formed by a thermoplastic or reactive binder or primer, for example, may contain a thermoplastic component and / or may only have a thickness d007 of a few μm, for example at most 5 μm, in particular at most 3 μm.

[0025] The thickness d003;d003' of the active material layer 003;003' of the product 001;002, i.e., the electrode unit 001 or the electrode continuum 002, is, for example, at most 240 μm, in particular at most 150 μm, preferably at most 100 μm, and / or for example, at least 20 μm, in particular at least 30 μm, preferably at least 40 μm.

[0026] For example, the total thickness of the double-sided coated product 001;002, optionally after application or coating of the dry film 003,003' onto the carrier substrate 006 in-line or in a subsequent calendering process in a further machine, reaches, for example, at most 500 μm, in particular at most 320 μm, preferably at most 220 μm, and / or at least 50 μm, in particular at least 70 μm, preferably at least 90 μm. In this case, the density of the applied material 004,004 can be, for example, 3000 kg / m 3 greater, preferably at least 3500 kg / m 3 The intermediate product 002, also referred to here as precursor product for example, for pure coating, i.e. leaving the machine without subsequent calendering, may possibly have a lower density, but for example at least 2000 kg / m 3 , preferably at least 2500 kg / m 2 , in particular at least 2900 kg / m 3 If only one side is coated, the total thickness of the finished product 001; 002, optionally further compressed by at least one calendering process, amounts to, for example, at most 255 μm, in particular at most 165 μm, preferably at most 65 μm, and / or at least 30 μm, in particular at least 40 μm, preferably at least 50 μm.

[0027] If a sufficiently large force is available during the coating process or simultaneously with the application of the dry film 003, 003', or if such force can be applied in the lamination gap, the above values ​​for the total thickness and / or density of the final product 001 or of the intermediate product 002, which is cut, for example, only transversely, can also be expressed without the subsequent calendering accompanying the coating process.

[0028] To ensure an efficient manufacturing process, the web-like carrier material 006 is preferably processed into the aforementioned final or intermediate product having a width b006 of, for example, at least 300 mm, advantageously at least 500 mm, in particular at least 550 mm, or even 600 mm or more, and in a preferred embodiment, up to 1,200 mm. For example, the carrier substrate 006 is not coated with the dry film 003 / 003' over its entire width, but only up to the edge regions that remain free, where the surface of the metallic conductive carrier substrate 006 remains free and accessible, for example, for connecting to cables. The width b003 of such a coating is, for example, at least 200 mm, advantageously at least 230 mm, or even 300 mm or more.

[0029] For the production of the dry film 003, the first roller 102, in particular the metering roller 102, and the second roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103, of the first application mechanism 101 are arranged to form a first gap 104, in particular a first film-forming gap 104, in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, through which a powder mixture 004 conveyed into the nip by, for example, a device 700 for supplying powdered material, shortly referred to as a powder supply device 700, can be conveyed to form the dry film 003 (see, for example, FIG. 2). The inner width of the first gap 104 at its narrowest point determines the thickness of the dry film 003, which may be even greater than the thickness of the subsequent product 001; 002, even before passing the application point where the dry film 003 is applied to the carrier substrate 006, in particular under pressure.

[0030] The adhesion point is preferably formed here directly by the nip between the second, in this case roller 103 acting as a laminating roller 103, and the roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103', or by a roller acting as a laminating roller and the roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103', which cooperates with the second roller directly or indirectly via one or more further rollers (not shown here). The second or further roller effective as laminating roller 003 and the roller 106; 103 effective as counter pressure roller 106; 103 form a second gap 107, in particular a deposition gap 107 (hereinafter also referred to as laminating gap 107, for example), in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, by which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular, a dry film 003 formed through the first film forming gap 104 from the side facing away from the counter pressure roller 106; 103, for example at least 40 μm thick, for example 50 μm to 200 μm thick, in particular 60 to 120 μm thick, can be provided.

[0031] Adhering stage 100;100 * In a preferred configuration, the device 700′ for supplying, in particular, a solvent-free and / or dry, e.g., powder-like material, or powder supply device 700′ for short, comprises a second application mechanism 101′ (see, for example, FIGS. 3 to 13), by means of which the powder mixture 004′ conveyed into the nip by the application mechanism 101′ as well, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, can first be processed into a second dry film 003′;003′, which can then be applied, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, to the other, second side of the carrier substrate 006. In principle, this can be the same powder mixture 004′ or a powder mixture 004′ different from the first powder mixture 004′.

[0032] In the second application mechanism 101', preferably, a first roller 102', particularly a metering roller 102', and a second roller 103', particularly a laminating roller 103', are arranged so as to form a first gap 104', particularly a second film forming gap 104', in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, through which the powder mixture 004' can be transported for the formation of a second dry film 003'.

[0033] Here again, the second roller 003' of the second application mechanism 101' can form a gap 107'; gap 107 in the nip between their peripheral surfaces together with the roller 106; 103' that cooperates directly with the second roller 103' or indirectly via one or more further rollers and that is effective as a laminating roller (not shown here), and that is effective as a counter pressure roller 106; 103', by means of which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided, and in particular, a second dry film 003' formed through the second film forming gap 104' can be provided from the second side opposite the second counter pressure roller 106'; 103.

[0034] In a first group of embodiments of the coating apparatus 100 (see, for example, Figures 3 to 7), the second gap 107' is formed by a second deposition gap 107' different from the first deposition gap or lamination gap 107', for example a lamination gap 107', and a second roller 106' effective as a counter pressure roller 106 and a second counter pressure roller 106' different from the first counter pressure roller 106 and / or lamination roller 103 of the first deposition mechanism 101, and is capable of guiding the carrier substrate 006 through the second gap 107' and providing a second dry film 003' formed through the second film forming gap 104', particularly from a second side opposite the second counter pressure roller 106'. In this configuration, two independent deposition mechanisms 101; 101' are provided for the two sides of the carrier substrate 106. Therefore, in the lamination gap 107; 107', different conditions can be adjusted independently for each deposition, for example different pressing or line forces and / or possibly temperatures.

[0035] In such a configuration, for example, for large windings, the metering rollers 102; 102', the laminating rollers 103; 103' and the counter-pressure rollers 106; 106' which together form the laminating gap 107; 107' may be arranged relative to one another in each application mechanism 101; 101' in a first configuration variant so that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106', respectively, intersect at an angle α of, for example, 40° to 130°, in particular 70° to 110°, preferably 80° to 100°. The larger wrap can ensure better heat transfer from the possibly temperature-controllable counter pressure rollers 106; 106' and / or improved, e.g., chatter-free, loading and unloading (see, e.g., Figures 3 to 5).

[0036] For example, each counter-pressure roller 106; 106' may be arranged below the laminating roller 103; 103' in such a way that the plane connecting the rotation axes R103; R106; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' deviates from the vertical by at most ±30°, in particular by at most ±15°. The pressure force and gravity in the laminating gap act mainly in the same direction.

[0037] In a second, for example advantageous, design variant with regard to the effective forces and the load direction, the metering roller 102; 102, the laminating roller 103; 103' and the counterpressure roller 106; 106' which together with the latter form the laminating gap 107; 107', are, for example, arranged in pairs in each application mechanism 101; 101', adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; The planes joining the rotation axes R102;R103;R106;R102';R103' of the rollers 102;103;106;102';103';106' of the application mechanism 101;101' intersect at most at an acute angle α of at most 20°, in particular at 0°, so that the rotation axes R102;R103;R106;R102';103' of the three rollers 102;103;106;102';103';106' of the same application mechanism 101;101' are arranged coplanarly with respect to one another, resulting in a very robust arrangement, since the forces and reaction forces are at least mainly directed in opposite directions. In such an arrangement, also called a "planar arrangement", of the three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106, the three rollers are arranged in a row such that their rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' intersect with at least one identical straight line extending perpendicular to the respective rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103', possibly slightly tilted or tiltable relative to one another, as explained below.

[0038] The two application devices 101; 101' with their laminating rollers 103; 103' are located on different sides of the substrate path and may be arranged relative to one another such that in one embodiment the two laminating gaps 107; 107' are directly above each other vertically (see, for example, FIG. 6) or in another embodiment horizontally, in particular offset by at least half the laminating roller diameter, and at most 1.5 times the laminating roller diameter (see, for example, FIG. 7). According to FIG. 7, for example, a substrate guide, which can also be used in other configurations, is shown exemplarily in dashed lines, which allows for a larger wrap angle and thus better heat transfer and / or a more stable feed-in. For this purpose, the substrate path is oriented in the conveying direction T when it is fed into the subsequent rollers 106; 106'. S The conveying direction T of the substrate 006 S , or is deflected by an additional substrate guiding element 121 so as to extend at an inclination angle of at least 45° relative to the substrate.

[0039] In addition to the metering roller 102; 102', the second roller 103; 103', or a roller which cooperates with the second roller directly or indirectly via one or more further rollers and which is effective as a laminating roller, in an advantageous configuration further rollers 118; 118' (see, for example, all configurations of the first group in Figure 5) may be provided, which further rollers 118; 118' can be applied in the manner of a calendering roller 118; 118' to the dry film 003; 003' supplied or guided onto the laminating roller 103; 103' in the peripheral section which guides the dry film 003; 003' between the metering gap 104; 104' and the laminating gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' during operation, i.e. during production operation.

[0040] With regard to the above-mentioned configurations, configuration variants and configuration forms, in a first arrangement for the roller support means, the laminating roller 103; 103' of each application mechanism 101; 101' can be fixed in position during operation with its rotation axis R103; R103', even if its position can be adjusted if necessary, and the metering roller 102; 102' and the counter pressure roller 106; 106' can each be adjustably supported via their respective adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the assigned laminating roller 103; 103'. Here and in the following, the term adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is understood to mean the whole set of means for performing and / or allowing direct or indirect adjustment of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106', which will also be referred to in the following as adjusting means 109; 109'; 111; 111', and which comprise at least one adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' that guides the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' along an adjusting movement, and one or more drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133' that bring about the adjustment.

[0041] To adjust each metering roller 102; 102' relative to the second roller 103; 103', in a first configuration a position-based adjusting drive 109; 109' or adjusting means 109; 109' for a position-based adjustment is provided, i.e. an adjusting drive 109; 109' or adjusting means 109; 109' that can be moved to a defined position of the component to be adjusted. The position-based adjusting drive 109; 109' or position-based adjusting means 109; 109' can, for example, be positioned relative to a predetermined and / or defined position or can be operated or adjusted with open-loop control with respect to the position or alternatively with closed-loop control with respect to the position.

[0042] Such a position-based adjusting drive 109; 109' can be realized, for example, in that the drive means 132; 133, e.g. a drive motor, can itself reach a defined and specifiable position, as is possible with a servo drive or servo motor that can be open-loop controlled in terms of position (see, for example, the configuration of the drive means 132 shown below as a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132 that can be open-loop and / or closed-loop controlled in terms of piston position), or in that the adjustment stroke is limited at least towards the relevant side by an abutment means 119, e.g. an adjustable abutment 119, that is adjustable, for example via an adjusting means and / or drive means 146, which abutment means 119 defines an end position relative to which the component to be adjusted in terms of position is adjusted or can be adjusted, for example by a force-based or non-position-accurate drive means (see, for example, Figures 19 or 22). In this case, the rollers 102, 102' are mounted, for example, in or against the adjustment mechanisms 112, 112', 113, 113', which are formed by bearing mechanisms 122, 112', 113, 113' that translate the adjustment stroke, for example, with positional precision. Such adjustment mechanisms 112, 112', 113, 113' are preferably provided, for example, by eccentric bearings 113, 113', such as triple-race bearings 113, 113', particularly for small adjustment strokes involving large forces. However, linear bearings 112, 112' extending in the adjustment direction may also be advantageous, for example, for a position parallel to the adjustment direction and thus more directly relative to the adjustment stroke.

[0043] In order to adjust each counterpressure roller 103'; 106; 106', in this first advantageous configuration, a force-based adjusting drive 111; 111 or adjusting means 111; 111' for a force-based adjustment, i.e. an adjusting drive 111; 111' or adjusting means 111, is provided, via which a defined force application to the thrust bearing can be realized. The force-based adjusting drive 111; 111' or force-based drive means 111; 111' can, for example, be adjustable with respect to a predetermined and / or defined force or can be operated or adjusted with open-loop control with respect to force or alternatively with closed-loop control with respect to force.

[0044] For example, such a force-based adjusting drive 111; 111', in particular provided at least on one side, can be realized in that the drive means 132, e.g. the drive motor 132, can itself apply a defined and specifiable force, as is possible, for example with a servo drive or servo motor that is closed-loop or open-loop controllable with respect to torque, in particular closed-loop or open-loop controllable with respect to rotational torque, or in that the roller to be adjusted can be applied against the other roller 103; 103' with an adjusting force relative to the relevant surface by a drive means that can be actuated by a pressure medium, for example by a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 operated pneumatically or hydraulically, the pressure of the drive means 132; 133 being preferably adjustable. In this case, the counterpressure roller 106, 106' is, for example, mounted in or against an adjustment mechanism 112, 112', 113, 113', which is formed by a bearing 112, 112' that converts the adjustment force on a force basis, i.e., without additional mechanical limitation of the adjustment stroke. As such, for example, a bearing 112, 112' formed as a linear bearing 112, 112' can be advantageously formed at least on one side, but preferably on both sides.

[0045] However, in a second configuration, the metering rollers 102; 102' can be force-based adjustable and the counter pressure rollers 106; 106 can be position-based adjustable in the opposite way, so that the above is translated and applied in each corresponding way.

[0046] However, in a third configuration, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 may be force-based adjustable, and in a fourth configuration, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 may be position-based adjustable, and so the above will be repurposed and applied in each corresponding manner.

[0047] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting at least the counterpressure roller 106; 106', combined adjusting mechanisms 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or combined adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' or combined adjusting means 109; 109'; 111; 111' are provided, which selectively enable position-based or force-based adjustment of the rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' in question.

[0048] Such combined adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' are formed, for example, by an adjusting drive 109, 111; 109', 111' or an adjusting means 109, 111; 109', 111' and an adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', in whose adjusting stroke an abutment 119 can be selectively introduced which can be positioned, for example, via the drive means and / or the adjusting means, for position limitation. Alternatively, adjusting drives 109, 111; 109', 111' may also be advantageous, which comprise as drive means 132, 133; 132', 133' motors 132; 132'; 133; 133', in particular servo motors, which can be operated with closed-loop control of position or with open-loop control of position or with closed-loop control of torque or with open-loop control of torque.

[0049] In the second arrangement of the roller bearing means, the counter pressure roller 106; 106' of each application mechanism 101; 101' can be fixed in position during operation with its rotation axis R106; R106', possibly adjustable, and the laminating roller 103; 103' is connected to the assigned metering roller 102; 102' via the respective common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or adjusting drive 111; 111' towards the assigned counter pressure roller 106; 106' and / or the counter pressure roller 103; 103'. 106;106', and in addition each metering roller 102;102' may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned laminating roller 103;103' via the bearing mechanism 112;112';113;113' and / or the adjusting drive 109;109';111;111'.

[0050] In a first advantageous configuration, for this purpose, a position-based adjusting drive 109, 109' in the above sense can be provided for adjusting each metering roller 102, 102', for example a bearing arrangement 112, 112', 113, 113' formed on one or both sides by a triple-race bearing 113, 113' or by a linear bearing 112, 112', 113, 113'. A force-based adjusting drive 111, 111 in the above sense can be provided for adjusting the laminating roller 103, 103' in pairs with the respectively assigned metering roller 102, 102'.

[0051] However, in a second configuration, the metering rollers 102; 102' can be force-based adjustable and the roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 can be position-based adjustable in the opposite way, so that the above is translated and applied in each corresponding way.

[0052] However, in a third configuration, the metering rollers 102; 102' and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 may be force-based adjustable, and in a fourth configuration, the metering rollers 102; 102' and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 may be position-based adjustable, so that the above will be translated and applied in each corresponding manner.

[0053] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting at least the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 in the above sense and / or configuration, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 is provided, which adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 selectively enables a position-based or force-based adjustment of the pair towards the counter pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103.

[0054] Coating device 100 *In a second group of embodiments (see, for example, those shown in Figures 8 to 12, 15 to 19, 25, 26 and 28), the roller of the second application mechanism 101', which cooperates directly or indirectly via one or more further rollers with the second roller 103' or second roller 103' of the second application mechanism 101', forms a common gap 107 with the second or further roller 103 of the first application mechanism 101, which is effective as a laminating roller 103, in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, which is effective as a bilateral laminating gap 107, and the two laminating rollers 103; 103' which form the gap 107 between them are mutually effective as counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103'. Between the latter the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and in particular dry films 003', 003' formed on both sides can be provided via first and second film-forming gaps 104; 104', respectively. Such an arrangement of two deposition mechanisms 101; 101' cooperating for simultaneous deposition on both sides is also referred to below as a double deposition mechanism 101; 101'.

[0055] The planes formed in each application mechanism 101; 101' by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering rollers 102; 102' and the laminating rollers 103; 103' intersect, for example, at an acute angle α of at most 20°, advantageously at most 5°, in particular 0°, so that in the latter case the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; 103'; 106' of the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the two application mechanisms 101; 101' cooperating in the double laminating gap 107 are in the same plane or extend parallel to each other but vertically offset from each other.

[0056] In a first configuration variant, the two planes extend in a common horizontal plane or horizontally, but vertically offset from one another (see, for example, FIG. 8).

[0057] In a second, advantageous design variant, for example in terms of a small winding, the two planes extend in a common plane inclined to the horizontal or in two planes inclined to the horizontal but offset vertically from each other, where the common plane or the two offset planes are inclined to the horizontal by an acute angle β of, for example, 2° to 15°, in particular 3° to 10° (see, for example, FIG. 9). In the case of an arrangement, which is also called a "planar arrangement", of all the rollers of the double deposition mechanism 101; 101' in a plane, in particular all four rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103', the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' are arranged in a row so that their rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102' intersect with at least one identical straight line extending perpendicularly to the respective rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102', possibly slightly inclined or tiltable relative to one another, as explained below.

[0058] In addition to each metering roller 102; 102' and second roller 103; 103', in an advantageous refinement, further rollers 118; 118' may also be provided in the above-described manner of calendering rollers 118; 118' (see, for example, the illustrated arrangement of all the configurations of the second group in dashed lines in Figures 8 and 9).

[0059] With regard to the above-mentioned construction variants and configurations, in a first arrangement of the roller bearing means, the first of the two laminating rollers 103 or the further roller of the first of the two application mechanisms 101 effective as a laminating roller can be fixed in position during operation with its rotation axis R103, even if it is possibly adjustable, while the second of the laminating rollers 103' or the further roller effective as a second laminating roller is connected to the assigned metering roller 102; 102' by a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111;111' in pairs in a direction having at least one component of movement towards and / or away from the assigned counter-pressure roller 106;106', and in addition, each metering roller 102;102' may be adjustably supported via bearing mechanisms 112;112';113;113' and / or adjusting drives 109;109';111;111' in a direction having at least one component of movement towards and / or away from the respectively assigned laminating roller 103;103' or further roller. For example, if there are one or more further rollers between the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller effective as a laminating roller, these can also be adjusted together via a common support mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the assigned counter pressure roller 106; 106'.

[0060] For adjusting each metering roller 102; 102', in a first advantageous configuration, a position-based adjusting drive 109; 109' is provided in the above sense and / or in the above configuration. For adjusting the second laminating roller 103' in combination with the assigned metering roller 102', a force-based adjusting drive 111; 111 may be provided for force-based adjustment in the above sense and / or in the above configuration.

[0061] However, in a second configuration, the opposite approach can be taken, with the metering roller 102; 102' being force-based and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 being position-based, again with the above being transferred and applied in each corresponding manner.

[0062] However, in a third configuration, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 may be force-based adjustable, and in a fourth configuration, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 may be position-based adjustable, and so the above will be repurposed and applied in each corresponding manner.

[0063] In a particularly advantageous fifth configuration, for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting at least the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 in the above sense and / or configuration, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113' is provided, which adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113' selectively enables position-based adjustment via a pair of position-based adjustment drives 109; 109' and force-based adjustment via a pair of force-based adjustment drives 111; 111' for the laminating roller 103, which is effective as a counterpressure roller 103'; 103.

[0064] For example, in an advantageous sixth configuration, which will be described in more detail below in connection with Figures 18 and 19 or Figures 25 to 28, a position-based adjusting drive 109; 109' in the above sense and / or in the above configuration is provided for adjusting the first gap 104; 104' or each metering roller 102; 102', and a force-based adjusting drive 111; 111 for force-based adjustment in the above sense is provided for adjusting the second gap 107 or for adjusting the counterpressure roller 103', so that the two metering rollers 102; 102' and the counterpressure roller 103; 103' to be adjusted can each be adjusted individually, i.e. without being coupled in pairs. In a particularly advantageous refinement of this configuration, combined adjustment mechanisms 112; 113; 112'; 113' in the above sense and / or configuration are provided for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or for adjusting the second gap 107 or for adjusting the counter pressure roller 103'.

[0065] In all configurations of the two groups having commonly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these may be supported on both sides by carriers 122'; 122, in particular on the lateral parts of the lower frame, which carriers 122'; 122 are themselves supported via bearing mechanisms 112'; 112; 113'; 113 formed by linear bearings 112'; 112; 113'; 113 in the frame accommodating the application mechanisms 101; 101'.

[0066] However, instead of this, the two commonly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' can be supported on both sides by carriers, in particular on the lateral parts of the lower frame, and these carriers 122'; 122 are themselves supported so as to be rotatable about a pivot axis parallel to the rotation axis of the first laminating roller 103; 103', which is supported in a fixed position (see, for example, Figure 12).

[0067] As already mentioned, in each application mechanism 101; 101', there may be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the nip point with the counter pressure roller 106; 103' at least one further roller which acts as a laminating roller and forms a laminating gap 107; 107' with the counter pressure roller 106; 103'.

[0068] In a particularly advantageous refinement of all the embodiments of the two groups of examples, in each application mechanism 101; 101', for example the material removal section 127; 127' is provided with a selectively attachable and detachable removal device 114; 114', in particular a cleaning doctor 114; 114', on the periphery of the first roller 102; 102' for cleaning purposes, which for example extends over at least the width of the roller periphery useful for film formation.

[0069] Alternatively, or advantageously in addition, the material removal section 127, 127' of each application mechanism 101, 101' comprises, viewed parallel to the axis of the second roller 103, two removal devices 116, 116', in particular side edge doctors 116, 116', which are spaced apart from one another and adjustable parallel to the axis and which are applied or can be applied to the second roller 103, 103', so that the dry film 003, 003' transported on the second roller 103, 103' can be removed in the region of its side edges and sent, for example, to a collecting device 117, 117'. This removal serves, for example, as so-called edge trimming, to obtain straight edges and / or a desired width b003, b003' of the dry film 003, 003. The collected material can be returned, for example, to the supply of the powder mixture 004;004'. Such a removal device 116;116' can also be used, for example, to remove edge strips 008;008' used when determining the density of the material layer 003;003'.

[0070] For cleaning purposes, advantageously, a removable and attachable removal device 129; 129', in particular a cleaning doctor 129; 129', may also be provided on the circumference of the second roller 103; 103', which extends, for example, at least over the width of the roller circumference effective for film formation and, if necessary, over a suction or collection device not shown.

[0071] In order to supply or introduce the powder mixture 004;004' into the first gap 004;004, the above-mentioned powder supply device 700;700' is provided, and in the region of the gusset above the gap 104;104', i.e., in the space formed above the gap 104, 104' between the peripheral surfaces of the two rollers 102;103;102;103', an injection and / or storage space 126 is formed and / or provided, preferably having a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller 103;103', in a space having a particularly wedge-shaped or triangular cross section.

[0072] In a particularly advantageous configuration, two spaced apart defining portions 124, in particular side shields 124, are provided in the application mechanism 101;101' above the first gap 104;104', parallel to the axis of the first roller 102;102', e.g., adjustable in a direction parallel to the axis, which close off the area of ​​the upper gusset formed between the circumferential surfaces of the first and second rollers 102;103;102';103' towards both end faces of the application mechanism 101;101', thereby forming an injection and / or storage space 126 therebetween, preferably of variable width, for receiving the powder mixture 004;004'. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003;003', the injection and / or storage space 126 can thus have its side shields 124 at least on one side, preferably on both sides, variable in position. As an alternative to an injection and / or storage space 126 directly bounded in the lower region by the peripheral surface, an injection and / or storage space 126 in the form of an injection or storage hopper comparable to the insertion aid described below can also in principle be provided directly in or on the gusset, at least insofar as this is not inconsistent with other structural features of the application mechanism 101; 101' or the powder supply section 700; 700'.

[0073] For all of the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the support mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' of the first roller 102; 102 and / or the adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' are preferably designed so that the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' is adjustable during operation to a variable inner width at its narrowest point of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, in particular at least 50 μm, and / or so that the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' is adjustable at least via the above-mentioned position-based drive means 132; 132' and / or via at least one abutment means 119 which limits the abutment position in the direction of the nipple point and whose position is adjustable, i.e., for example the above-mentioned, in particular the adjustable or positionable abutment 119.

[0074] Alternatively or additionally, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' are designed to adjust and / or apply a line force in the first gap 104; 104', advantageously between the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104', at least in the region of its width contributing to film formation, of, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm.

[0075] As mentioned above, in order to adjust the metering roller 102; 102' relative to the second roller 103; 103', a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113, for example in the above configuration and / or sense, may be provided which selectively allows, for example in one operating mode, a position-based adjustment via a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' and, for example in a second operating mode, a force-based adjustment via a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111'.

[0076] All of the above configurations, variations, arrangements, embodiments or configurations may be applied to coating devices 100; 100', e.g., with individual application mechanisms 101; 101' with respective counter-pressure rollers 106; 106', or with combined application mechanisms 101; 101' with mutually effective counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103'. * Independently of the above implementation, in a particularly preferred embodiment, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' is position-based in the above sense, for example positionable with respect to a predetermined position or open-loop controlled with respect to the position or closed-loop controlled with respect to the position, based on an adjusting drive 109; 109', for example positionable with respect to the gap width b104, for example by a control chain S b ;S d ;S'' d ;S For via a control circuit R b ;R d ;R'' d ;R F 103'; ... Based on this, it is adjustable in the above sense, for example with respect to the adjustment force, for example controllable via a pressure regulating valve or via a control route comprising such a pressure regulating valve, or closed-loop controllable via a control route comprising such a pressure regulating valve, i.e. adjustable to a constant and / or defined contact force or line force, for example open-loop controllable or closed-loop controllable, wherein the force-based adjustment is directed in particular towards a defined and / or constant contact force or line force to be maintained between the two rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 involved in the second gap 107; 107' in its working position. For the sake of clarity, it should be noted that the line or pressure force effective at the two rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 involved in the second gap 107; 107' does not act directly in this case, but rather through the material being guided through the gap, in the case of the film-forming gap 104; 104', for example through the powdered material 004; 004', and in the case of the lamination gap 107; 107', through the product continuum 002 having a dry film 007 on one or both sides.

[0077] Without being limited to the above specific examples, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in said gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' may in principle be adjustable by means of a corresponding adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or may be supported on a corresponding adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above sense. This also applies to a configuration in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is supported in such a commonly adjustable manner together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' not involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0078] Similarly, the coating apparatus 100; 100 may comprise individual application mechanisms 101; 101' with respective counter pressure rollers 106; 106 or may comprise combined application mechanisms 101; 101' with mutually effective counter pressure rollers 103'; 103. * Independently of the above-mentioned implementation, in a particularly advantageous configuration in terms of optimal adjustability, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application mechanism 101; 101' and / or the laminating gap 107; 107' between the counterpressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103' cooperating with the second roller 103; 103' can be configured to be adjustable not only on a position or force basis, but also selectively, in particular on a position basis in the above sense, for example positionable with respect to the gap width b104, based on the associated adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example by the control chain S b ;S d ;S'' d ;S F or via a control circuit R b ;R d ;R'' d ;R For in another operating mode, adjustable on a force basis, for example with respect to the adjusting force, for example via a pressure regulating valve or in an open-loop controllable manner, for example via a control line comprising such a pressure regulating valve, or in a closed-loop controllable manner, for example via a control line comprising such a pressure regulating valve, i.e. adjustable, for example in another operating mode, to a defined and / or constant application force or line force, for example via an open-loop controllable manner or a closed-loop controllable manner. In particular, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is supported in an associated adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 so that it can be selectively adjusted on a position or force basis, and / or the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is supported so that it can be selectively adjusted to a constant and / or defined gap width or to a constant and / or defined contact or line force in the above sense, in particular so that it can be controlled in an open-loop or closed-loop manner in the above sense. Again, without being limited to the above specific embodiment, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' may in principle be adjustably supported in this way by a corresponding associated adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or may be appropriately supported in a corresponding associated adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above sense. This also applies to a configuration in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjustably supported in common in this manner together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' that is not involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0079] The combined adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' is advantageously formed by a force-based, in particular force-open-loop or force-closed-loop, adjusting drive 111; 111' with an adjusting mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112', into whose adjusting stroke a positionable abutment 119 can be selectively introduced for position limitation, for example via drive and / or adjusting means 145; 146. In this case, a cylinder-piston system 133 that can be operated with a pressure medium, in particular hydraulically, is preferably provided as drive means 133.

[0080] For adjustment, the first rollers 102; 102' may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned second rollers 103; 103' via bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or via, for example, position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111'. Additionally or alternatively, the counter pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103'; 103 may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the second or further intermediate rollers 103; 103' via bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or via, for example, position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjusting drives 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0081] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' can be pair-adjusted with the assigned second roller 102; 102' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common, e.g., position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based, adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the assigned counter-pressure roller 106; 106'. In addition, each first roller 102; 102' may be adjustably supported in a direction having at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively assigned second roller 103; 103' via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or, for example, via a position-based or force-based or selectively position- or force-based adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0082] For all of the above configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the first roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with the first roller 102; 102' can be or are driven in rotationally opposite directions and at different peripheral speeds during operation and / or mechanically independently of one another by different drive means 148; 149, for example drive motors 148; 149, in particular servo motors that are closed-loop or open-loop controllable at least with respect to speed.

[0083] In this case, the first roller 102; 102' is operated at a lower speed, and the first roller 102; 102', in particular the metering roller 102; 102', and the assigned second roller 103; 103', in particular the laminating roller 103; 103', can be operated or are operated, for example, with a ratio of their peripheral speeds V103(103'):V102(102') of the first roller to the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103', which ranges from 1:5 to 3:5, in particular 1:4.

[0084] The rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' which together form the second gap 107; 107' are preferably drivable or driven mechanically independently of one another at the same peripheral speed during operation by a common drive motor 148, in particular a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors 148, in particular servo motors 148.

[0085] In an advantageous embodiment, the drive motors 148; 149, which are mechanically independent of one another, can be operated by a drive control device via an electronic, in particular virtual, mains.

[0086] Particularly advantageous is an improved form in which the first roller 102; 102' has, in the area of ​​its circumferential surface contributing to film formation, a surface that repels the material more strongly and / or has a less strong adhesive effect on the powder mixture than the second roller 103; 103'.

[0087] At least the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can have a polished and / or chrome-coated or ceramic-coated surface, at least in the area of ​​its periphery that contributes to film formation, and the first roller 102; 102' can have a structured or material-repelling surface, at least in the area of ​​its periphery that contributes to film formation.

[0088] For all of the above configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the first and / or second roller 102; 102; 103; 103' is preferably temperature adjustable, in particular heatable, so that its circumferential surface can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously at least 100°C, preferably at least 120°C, for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0089] Alternatively or preferably in addition, the rollers 106; 106' which are only effective as counter pressure rollers 106; 106'; 103; 103 of the first group of embodiments are also preferably temperature adjustable, in particular heatable, so that their circumferential surface can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously at least 100°C, preferably at least 120°C, for example at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0090] The temperature regulation or heating can in principle be achieved electrically, but in a preferred embodiment is achieved by passing a temperature regulation or heating fluid through the rollers 102; 102'; 103, 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature regulated. In this case, the temperature regulation fluid, for example water at a suitable temperature, is supplied to and discharged from the rollers 102; 102'; 103, 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature regulated via the temperature regulation fluid line 134 and, for example, via the rotary feedthroughs of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106'.

[0091] For all of the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the two deposition mechanisms 101; 101', possibly together with one or more substrate guiding elements 121 arranged directly in front of, behind or between them, are supported on a common or possibly multi-part frame 128, for example on two front frame walls 131 of the same or possibly multi-part frame 128. In the case of a common frame 128 with a one-piece frame wall 131, a particularly robust arrangement of the deposition mechanisms 101; 101' is achieved by mounting the modules 100; 100 * , e.g., laminate assembly 100;100 * Lamination unit 100 formed as * can be prepared in

[0092] For example, as described below, calendar 600; * Also known as the calendering mechanism 600;600 * However, the lamination unit is 100;100 *If desired, a calendering mechanism 600, e.g., directly in the substrate path downstream of * rollers 601; 601'; 602; 602 * In an advantageous refinement, the same can be attached to this frame 603, or in an advantageous variant, for example, to separate modules 600; * , for example, a calendering module 600; * 101 ; 101 ′, may be supported on the side wall of a dedicated frame 603 located directly above and / or above the frame 128 supporting the application mechanism 101 ; 101 ′.

[0093] In one configuration of the machine shown in Figures 15 and 16, for example, which may be assembled somewhat longer, e.g., modules 100; * ;600;600 * Between, in particular at least, the laminated module 100; 100 * and calendering module 600;600 * The risk of vibration transmission between the laminated module 100;100 is reduced. * and the calendering module 600 therein are arranged horizontally adjacent to each other and preferably also on dedicated, e.g. vibrationally distinct, frames 128; 603. * may also be omitted in variants not shown in Figures 3, 10, 15 and / or 16. An advantageous configuration of such a machine without an additional calendering module in the substrate path is shown for example in Figure 17 and will be explained in more detail below.

[0094] However, for example, the calendering modules 600; 600 shown in FIGS. * Or dry film 003;003 *An additional concomitant calendering downstream of the application of is not necessary and can be omitted entirely in other configurations of the coating machine. In the latter case, calendering can then be omitted entirely or can be performed or can be performed in a separate process and / or in a separate, for example, second, machine. In this case, the second machine can, for example, have a substrate uncoiler on the inlet side, from which the web-like intermediate product 002 can be unwound and guided by at least one calendering mechanism 600 along the substrate path to a roll recoiler on the outlet side or to a delivery machine via a cross-cut device.

[0095] In principle, the deposition mechanism 101; 101' and / or the coating device 100; 100 * and / or independently of, but advantageously in connection with, one of the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configuration forms of the machine configuration, an apparatus 100 for coating; 100 *In a particularly advantageous configuration, the frame 128 is constructed in multiple sections (see, for example, Figures 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26 and 28). In this case, at least two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 of the application mechanism 101; 101', in an advantageous configuration, which together form the lamination gap 107; 107' and / or which serve as counter-pressure rollers 103; 103'; 106, are supported on both sides, in particular fixedly connected to each other, on the structural walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of two different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, and these are connected to the two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106. along an adjustment direction extending perpendicular to the rotation axis R102;R103;R102';R103';R106;R106' of at least one of the rollers 102;102';103;103';106;R106', the distance between their peripheries or the rotation axes R102;R103;R102';R103';R106;R106' and / or between the peripheries of two adjacent rollers 102;102';103;103';106 are displaceable relative to one another so that the effective application force is variable or adjustable, for example via a carrier substrate 006 provided or coated on at least one side or via a powdered material 004;004'. In a preferred variant, one of the two subframes 128.1;128.2;128.3;128.4 is fixed in space and can be mounted on the coating device 100;100', for example. *or in or on a top frame structure 145, for example in or on the bottom plate 145, and each of at least two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 may be fixedly arranged in the footprint of the base frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, and each of the at least two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 may be adjustable within at least one adjustment range along the adjustment direction via the bearing arrangements 112; 113; in another variant, both of the adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 may be adjustable along the adjustment direction. In particular, each subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 comprises two frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4, which are fixedly connected to each other, possibly detachably, via one or more cross-connections, for example one or more crossbeams 136; 137. Thus, the movement of the adjustable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in the manner described above can be effected together with the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 supported thereby or the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 as a whole.

[0096] In the above-described configuration of the application mechanism 101 for one-sided application only, i.e. with a first roller 102, e.g. a metering roller 102, a second roller 103, e.g. a laminating roller 103, and a pure counter-pressure roller 106, in a first configuration variant (not shown), for example, the first and second rollers 102; 103 can be mounted together in or against the structural wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the counter-pressure roller 106 can be mounted in or against the structural wall 131.2 of the second sub-frame 128.2. For this purpose, for example, the first roller 102 is adjustably supported in or against the subframe 128.1 via the above-mentioned adjustment means 109; 111 on a force basis, e.g., in the sense above, in terms of its application force, force open-loop controlled or force closed-loop controlled, and / or in a position basis in the distance to the second roller 103, e.g., positionably in the sense above, position open-loop controlled or position closed-loop controlled (in this case, the variant with "and" in the expression "and / or" here represents a combined adjustment drive that can be selectively adjusted on a force or position basis). In an alternative variant, for example, the second rollers 102, 103 and the counter-pressure roller 106 are mounted in or against the structural wall 131.1 of the first subframe 128.1, and the first roller 102, for example the metering roller 102, is mounted against the structural wall 131.3 of the separate subframe 128.3. For this purpose, for example, the counter-pressure roller 106 is mounted in or against the first subframe 128.1 so as to be adjustable in distance to the second roller 103 via the above-mentioned adjusting means 109, 111 on a force basis, e.g., force-defined, force-open-loop-controlled or force-closed-loop-controlled basis, and / or on a position basis, e.g., positionably, position-open-loop-controlled or position-closed-loop-controlled basis.

[0097] In a preferred variant of the above-described design of the application mechanism 101 for one-sided application only, the first, second and counter-pressure rollers 102, 103 and 106 are mounted in or against the structural walls 131.1, 131.2 and 131.3 of the respective dedicated subframes 128.1, 128.2 and 128.3. In this case, for example, one of the subframes 128.1, 128.2 and 128.3, preferably the subframe 128.2 supporting the second roller 103, is arranged in a fixed position or in a fixed location, while the other two subframes 128.1, 128.2 and 128.3 are mounted so as to be movable relative to it in the adjustment direction. For example, in FIG. 18, the right-hand partial frame 128.4 with the frame wall 131.4 and the roller 102' can be omitted in this configuration, with the roller 103' being configured as a pure counter-pressure roller 106 in this case.

[0098] In the preferred configuration of the application mechanism 101; 101' as a double application mechanism 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides, shown for example in Figures 8 to 12 and 15, 16 and 17, the two roller pairs consisting of the metering and laminating rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can, in a first variant not shown, be supported in pairs on partial frames 128.1; 128.2, respectively, and the two partial frames 128.1; 128.2 can be displaced relative to one another in the above-mentioned way so that the distance between the rotation axes R103; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103' that together form the laminating gap 107 and / or the contact force that is effective directly or indirectly between their circumferential surfaces can be varied. In this case, one of the subframes 128.1; 128.2 can be mounted in a space- or position-fixed manner, while the other can be mounted so as to be movable in the adjustment direction. The metering rollers 102; 102' can be mounted on each subframe 128.1; 128.2, for example via the above-mentioned adjustment means 109; 111, so as to be adjustable in the distance to the adjacent second lamination 103, respectively, on a force-based basis, e.g., force-defined, force-open-loop-controlled or force-closed-loop-controlled basis, and / or position-based, e.g., positionable, position-open-loop-controlled or position-closed-loop-controlled basis. In an alternative variant, also not shown, the roller pairs 103, 103' forming the lamination gap 107; 107' may be supported on a first common partial frame 128.1, and the two metering rollers 102; 102' may each be supported on dedicated partial frames 128.3; 128.4, the first partial frame 128.2 being supported, for example, in a space- or position-fixed manner, and the other two partial frames 128.3; 128.4 being movable relative to the first partial frame 128.1 in the manner described above, so that the contact force effective directly or indirectly between the respective rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' and / or the circumferential surfaces of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' is variable.In this case, one of the laminating rollers 103; 103' is supported in an adjustable manner at a distance from the other laminating roller 103 via the above-mentioned adjustment means 109; 111, for example force-based, for example defined with respect to force, open-loop controlled with respect to force or closed-loop controlled with respect to force, and / or position-based, for example positionably, open-loop controlled with respect to position or closed-loop controlled with respect to position.

[0099] However, in a preferred configuration of the application mechanism 101; 101' as a double application mechanism 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides, all four rollers 102; 103, 102'; 103', or, for example, all rollers 102; 103, 102'; 103' if there are further intermediate rollers, are supported on the structural walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the respective dedicated partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. In this case, for example, one of the partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the partial frame 128.1 supporting the second or laminating roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103 of the first application mechanism 101, is arranged in a fixed manner in space or position, and the remaining partial frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are supported so as to be adjustable along an adjustment direction that is preferably perpendicular to the rotation axis R103; 103' of the laminating roller 103, in particular the laminating roller 103 supported in a fixed manner in space or position, and / or along an adjustment direction that extends linearly, in particular horizontally.

[0100] Preferably, with respect to the material flow, the first roller 102 of the first deposition mechanism 101, which follows upstream of the roller 103 of the first deposition mechanism 101 involved in forming the second gap 107; 107' and / or is supported in or against a third partial frame 128.3, which partial frame 128.3 is displaceable along an adjustment direction extending perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' of the roller 103 of the first deposition mechanism 101 involved in forming at least the second gap 107. In the case of the double deposition mechanism 101; 101', in an advantageous configuration, the first roller 102 of the second deposition mechanism 101', in particular the first roller 102 of the second deposition mechanism 101', which follows upstream of the roller 103 of the second deposition mechanism 101 involved in forming the second gap 107; 107' in terms of the material flow, is additionally supported in or on a fourth subframe 128.4, which subframe 128.4 is displaceable along an adjustment direction extending at least perpendicular to the rotation axis R103 of the roller 103 supported in or on the spatially or positionally fixed subframe 128.1.

[0101] In all of the above-mentioned configurations with movable partial frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, these are preferably movable on linear guides 112; 112', and each movable partial frame 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 may be provided with its own guide section 138, e.g., a rail section 138, or a continuous guide 138 or rail 138 may be provided for two or more adjacent displaceable partial frames 128.2; 128.4. The partial frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are shaped to correspond to the bottom guide sections 138 or guides 138 and may have support legs 139 with, for example, sliding or rolling elements.

[0102] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 may in principle be rotatably mounted on their respective axes in the structural walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the respective partial structures 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, respectively, in a manner that prevents relative rotation between them, via corresponding bearings 151, or advantageously, using the front roll journals of bearings 151, in particular radial bearings 151, as can be seen, for example, in Figures 18 to 22 and 25, 26 and 28, which are themselves arranged in or against the structural walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 in question.

[0103] In a preferred configuration here, the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which are arranged adjacent to one another and capable of moving relative to one another, can be moved relative to one another in the adjustment direction, in particular can be subjected to a tensioning force, for each frame surface by at least one drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133', in particular by at least one adjusting device 141 with drive means 132; 132'; 133; 133', and optionally via further means for transmitting the adjusting movement or force, preferably by two or at least two adjusting devices 141, in particular tensioning devices 141; 165, for each frame surface, for example in the manner of a tensioning device 141, and can be moved away from one another again or at least can be decompressed again. In this case, the tensioning device 141 may be configured to apply not only the above-mentioned tensioning forces, but also, if necessary, forces directed in opposite directions and / or moving the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 away from each other, for example pressure effective between the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. In this case, the opposing surfaces of the adjacent subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, which are arranged to be movable relative to one another, are correspondingly configured so that, for example, adjacent rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', 106 supported by the subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4 can move their effective circumferential surfaces to the relative positions desired for operation with the desired gap width b104, b104' or the load-induced gap width b104, b104', for example, in the case of appropriately adjusted abutment means 119. What is shown here for the first gap 104, 104' can also be appropriately transferred to the adjustment of the second gap 107 or its gap width b107 in the case of a position-adjustable second gap 107.

[0104] In an advantageous configuration of such a deposition mechanism 101; 101' having a multi-part frame 128, at least one adjusting drive 109; 109' which brings about an adjustment between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', for example a variation in the position and / or the application force, and which is provided with a drive means 132; 133, is configured to be position-based, for example positionable, open-loop controlled with respect to position, or closed-loop controlled with respect to position, or in a particularly advantageous configuration can be selectively operated position-based, for example force-defined, open-loop controlled with respect to force, or closed-loop controlled with respect to force, or position-based, for example positionable, open-loop controlled with respect to position, or closed-loop controlled with respect to position.

[0105] In this case, in a first configuration variant (see, for example, Figures 18 to 22), for example, as drive means 133, there are provided drive means 133 which act on the subframes 128.3; 128.4 supporting the first rollers 102; 102' and on the subframes 128.1; 128.2 supporting the second rollers 103; 103'; 106' and which are operable or operated on a force basis, in particular with open-loop control in relation to the force, or with closed-loop control in relation to the force, in particular a cylinder-piston system 133 which can provide a pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically. , and at least one abutment means 119 is also provided which is effective between the subframe 128.3; 128.4 supporting the first roller 102; 102' and the subframe 128.1; 128.2 supporting the second roller 103; 103'; 106' and which can be adjusted or set, for example, via the adjusting and / or drive means 146 and / or by means of an adjusting motor 155, and which, if necessary, has an abutment effect which can be controlled, for example, in an open or closed loop, and which can, for example, be introduced selectively and / or in such a way as to more or less strongly limit the movement into the adjustment stroke. In principle, any abutment means 119, preferably adjustable, can be provided as abutment means 119, by means of which the abutment movement between the two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in question can be limited, preferably adjustable, in terms of end positions. This may be, for example, one or more abutments 119 based on respective screw threads, which can be moved, in particular rotatable, to the desired position manually or by remotely controlled adjusting and / or driving means 146, possibly via gears and / or by adjusting motors 155. In a preferred configuration here, abutment means 119 based on wedge-shaped gears, for example rails formed in the shape of opposing wedges in both directions, are provided as abutment means 119, for example abutment means 119 with opposing cooperating faces and with thicknesses which vary in both directions.For adjustment, it is sufficient, for example, that one of the wedge-shaped rails is displaced or movable in the longitudinal direction of the rail pair relative to the other by means of suitable adjusting and / or drive means 146, for example a motor-driven adjusting drive 146, for example an adjusting drive 146 formed by a screw drive or a motor-driven toothed rack. By means of abutment means 119 of this kind, very sensitive variations in the end positions defined by the abutment means 119 can be achieved when the lengths of the cooperating surfaces are large and the thickness gradients are small.

[0106] In an advantageous configuration, at least one adjusting drive means 109; 109' which brings about a variation and / or application force between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second nip 107; 107' therebetween and which is provided with a drive means 132; 133 is configured force-based and, in a particularly advantageous configuration, can be operated selectively force-based or position-based. In this case, for example, a drive means 133 is provided, which acts indirectly or directly on the two subframes 128.1, 128.2 supporting the rollers 103, 103', 106, 105' forming the second nip 107, 107' therebetween and which is operable or operated on a force basis, in particular with open-loop or closed-loop control of force, in particular a cylinder-piston system 133 capable of supplying pressure fluid, preferably hydraulically, and which also has at least one abutment means effective between the two subframes 128.1, 128.2 and which is adjustable via the adjusting and / or drive means 146. The abutment means 119 may be configured in one of the ways described above or in a different way, but at least its abutment effect is adjustable, for example with open-loop or closed-loop control.

[0107] The drive means 133 can act indirectly or directly on two adjacent partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', for example by virtue of the effective ends of the respective drive means 132; 133, for example the pistons or the piston rods extending therefrom of the cylinder-piston systems 132; 133, which can for example provide pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically, and which can be operated or operated with open-loop control in terms of force or with open-loop control in terms of position, and / or one end of the cylinder 166 on the other hand, being directly connected to the respective partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'. However, the connection can also be realized indirectly, for example by means of further means for transmitting the adjusting movement and / or force, for example by means of a tensionable and / or compression-resistant transmission element that extends or extends the single- or multi-part piston 167 or piston rod 142, on the one hand, and / or the cylinder 166, as the case may be, on the other hand, for example in the form of a tension and / or compression rod. The direct connection of the adjusting device 141 with the drive means 133, or of the drive means 133 itself, for example via a pressure and / or tension plate 143; 144, respectively, determines the working surface for the action of the drive means 132; 133 in this sense. Preferably, the two active ends of the adjusting device 141 or the drive means 133 it comprises, when viewed in the adjustment direction, are connected to the respective subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in a tension-resistant as well as compression-resistant manner. This allows them to be actively moved away from each other in addition to moving towards each other.

[0108] In a preferred configuration, between the two or each two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, there is provided a drive means 132; 133 and at least one adjusting device 141; 165, in particular the above-mentioned tensioning device 141; 165, which provides a relative adjusting movement and / or tensioning force between the two subframes 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. 128.4, in which they act on the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in the manner of, in which they move the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with a force directed towards each other between the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, with a predetermined gap width b104 soll and / or the application force, and keep this relative position or application force constant except for a specified amount of deviation in relation to the relative position and / or application force, which is to be maintained against a force directed against the adjustment direction by the powder material 004 or the coated carrier substrate 006. That is, for example, by means of position- or force-based adjustable or open-loop- or closed-loop-controlled drive means 132; 133, a tensile force can be introduced between the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which tensile force moves the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' to the desired gap width b104 in the case of a position-based adjustment. soll107; 107'。 In contrast to applying a pure thrust force from the outside to one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the roller gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' acts only on the roller gap 104; 104'; 107; 107', and no additional and uncontrollable force is applied to a further adjacent, e.g., second gap 107; 107', as viewed in the adjustment direction, for example, by possibly pressing the second roller 103 against another roller 103'; 106. At least one drive means 132; 133 or an adjusting device 141; 165 equipped with a drive means 132; 133 applies its two working surfaces or working ends to adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular by introducing into these or their partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 adjusting forces directed towards each other, i.e. tensile forces which result in movement and / or abutment forces between the two partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in order to adjust the gap 104; 104'; 107 between adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', thereby obtaining the above-mentioned advantages.

[0109] Therefore, in the advantageous solution proposed here, between two or respectively two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, one or more, for example the above-mentioned adjusting devices 141, with drive means 132; 133, respectively, are arranged to drive the adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with their respective working ends, i.e. the ends of the drive means 132; 133 or adjusting devices 141, which are spaced apart by activation and / or variable by the tension force exerted between them. A tensioning force can be introduced into one or more adjusting devices 141 comprising the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or partial frames between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or partial frames, which causes a relative movement between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or partial frames and / or a tensioning force between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', i.e. the adjusting device 141 or drive means 132; 133 acts to draw two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 towards each other, for example for position or force based application.

[0110] 18 to 22, for adjusting both the first and second gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107', preferably force-based drive means 133 are provided, in particular open-loop or closed-loop force-controlled drive means 133 and / or drive means 133 formed as a cylinder-piston system 133 capable of applying pressure fluid, in particular hydraulically. Such a cylinder-piston system 133 is preferably configured or designed in such a way that it can apply a force of at least 20 kN, preferably at least 50 kN, to the nip 104; 104'; 107; 107' in question. Preferably, at least two such cylinder-piston systems 133 are provided per frame surface, effective between two adjacent partial frames, and, for example, by means of which the above-mentioned forces or line forces can be applied.

[0111] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 may in principle be rotatably mounted on their respective axes which are non-rotatably mounted in the structural walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the respective structural sections 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 via corresponding bearings 151 or, advantageously, by means of the front roll journal of a bearing 151 which is configured as a radial bearing 151, as shown, for example, in Figures 18 to 22 and 25, 26 and 28, and which bearing 151 is itself mounted or arranged in or against the structural wall 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 in question. In each case, viewed in the axial direction, the rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', 106 or their roll journals or axes are effectively supported radially by a width b151 of the bearing 151, which width b151 is determined by one or more rows of bearing elements supporting the roll journals or axes relative to the respective sub-frames 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4. In the case of a radial bearing 151 allowing rotation, this may be one or more rows of rolling elements or sliding surfaces arranged circumferentially. In this case, the effective support width b151 results from the distance between the two outer edges of one row of bearing elements or two rows of bearing elements.

[0112] For example, in a configuration that is particularly advantageous in terms of minimizing deformation, an adjustment device 141; 165 acts on each of one of two of the adjacent partial structures 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with two acting ends that are variable in their mutual spacing, where, in their mutual spacing and / or in their mutual abutment force, the partial structures 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are variable. In this case, a common plane G that extends perpendicular to the axis of rotation R102; R103, R102'; R103' of at least one of the rollers 102: 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' supported by two adjacent partial structures 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular within the wall width of the structure, not only has an effective support width b151 when viewed in the axial direction of each of the rollers 102: 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' supported by the two partial structures but also intersects the acting surface formed in the region of the acting ends with each of the partial structures 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example, the cross-section of the pressing and / or tension plates 143; 144 supported or attached to the end faces of the adjustment devices 141; 165 on the partial structures 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular the working cross-section, that is, even the effective piston or cylinder inner cross-sectional area within the cylinder 166 of the drive means 133 formed by, for example, the cylinder piston system 133. Thereby, the tensile stress surely acts on the alignment of the support, and the inclination of the bearing 151 caused by the tensile stress is avoided.

[0113] In a preferred configuration, in all configurations of the deposition mechanisms 101; 101' or double deposition mechanisms 101.101' described in relation to the partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, as well as in other configurations of the single- or multi-part frame 128, the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' are arranged relative to one another so that, at least in the operating position, their rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' intersect the same connecting line in at least one radial alignment. Such a configuration should also be understood as a case in which one or more rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' are arranged slightly inclined relative to one another in the manner described, in the above sense of "planar arrangement", in which the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' are supported at least along the same connecting line, preferably in the central region of the length of each roller.

[0114] In the case of a force-based drive means 133 or an adjustable drive 133, the force provided by the drive means 133 is preferably adjustable, in particular open-loop or closed-loop controllable. In the case of a cylinder-piston system 133 that can be operated with a pressure fluid, for example with compressed air, or preferably with a pressure fluid (for example oil under overpressure), in particular the pressure of the pressure fluid supplied by the pressure source can be adjustable, in at least the adjustment range required for operation, for example via a valve that open-loop controls the pressure or a pump that can be open-loop or closed-loop controlled with respect to the pressure to be supplied to the outlet side, in particular open-loop or closed-loop controllable.

[0115] In the case of the force-based or open-loop or closed-loop controlled second roller gap 107; 107' and the position-based or adjustable, open-loop or closed-loop controlled first roller gap 104; 104', at least each first roller 102; 102' or its sub-frame 131.3; 131.4 is not fixed in position in the adjustment direction as part of the manufacturing run, but is at least movable or freely supported, for example within an adjustment range of at least ±5 μm, which enables the first roller 102; 102' to follow variations in the distance d104; d104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', possibly as a result of slightly varying material densities.

[0116] In principle, the deposition mechanism 101; 101' and / or the coating device 100; 100 * And / or independently of one of the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations of the machine configuration and / or frame 128, but advantageously in this connection, in a particularly advantageous configuration at least the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' with their R102; R103, R102'; R103' are generally or in at least one operating situation inclined to one another, i.e. are not or cannot be supported parallel (see for example the principle from FIG. 23), but preferably extend in two parallel planes.

[0117] If such bearing means are common and not subject to fluctuation, the arrangement of the bearings 151 in the single or multi-part frames 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4 can already take into account the inclined arrangement.

[0118] Preferably, however, the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' can be inclined relative to one another, ie inclined one to the other from a parallel position or at a different inclination angle α. In this case, for example, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', in particular the second roller 103, 103', is fixed in space during operation during the alignment of R103; R103', even if it can possibly be moved parallel in space without changing the inclination, and the other of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', in particular the first roller 102; 102', is supported with its rotation axis R102; 102' so that it can be tilted relative to the orientation of R102; R102', R103; R103' and / or relative to the path of the rotation axes R102; R102', R103; R103' of the other rollers 103; 103'; 102; 102', in particular the second roller 103; 103'. The pivoting preferably takes place around a real or imaginary pivot axis, which lies, for example, in a plane comprising the rotation axes R102;R102', R103;R103' of the two rollers 102;103;102;103' and / or preferably extends perpendicular to and / or intersects with the rotation axes R102;R103;R102;R103' of both the first and second rollers 102;103;102;103'.

[0119] In principle, such tiltability can be realized directly through a special design of the bearing means that accommodate the tiltable rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' in the frame 128. For example, a bearing 151, for example a bearing 151 with an eccentric, can be provided on at least one side, preferably on both sides, by means of which the radial position of the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' can be varied within the bearing 151. Alternatively, a radially movable bearing can be provided on one or preferably both sides of the frame 128, by means of which movement the bearing point can be varied radially.

[0120] Preferably, the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' of the same application mechanism 101; 101' are supported in or on different subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example in the first and / or second application mechanism 101; 101' corresponding to the configuration of the multi-part frame 128 described above or below, in which case one of the two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the first roller 102; 1 The partial frames 128.3; 128.4 supporting rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' as a whole, i.e. together with the assigned frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, one or more cross beams 136; 137 and the rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' supported thereon, are rotatable about a pivot axis S which extends perpendicular to its rotation axis R102; R103, R102'; R103' and intersects it at least over the maximum effective width of the rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' (see, for example, Figures 18 to 20 and 23 to 25).

[0121] In an advantageous embodiment, the pivotable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are supported on at least two bearing points 153 spaced apart from one another by a circular arc K extending circumferentially about the pivot axis S, the bearing points 153 being spaced apart from one another by a radius R on the circular arc extending about the pivot axis S and / or determining the position of the pivot axis S. S (see for example FIG. 24). The bearing points 153 are formed, for example, by sliding or rolling bodies, for example rolls, arranged on two bearing blocks 147 spaced apart from one another. The rolls are rotatable about an axis parallel to the pivot axis S. The radius R of the circular arc K S is, for example, larger than half the width of the rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' swiveled together with the subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, and in particular larger than the maximum available overall width, thereby allowing a large adjustment stroke to be achieved for very small changes in inclination.

[0122] The bearing block 147 is, for example, supported on a guide 138 extending perpendicular to the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' supported by the swiveling partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, and is displaceable in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' together with the partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 supported thereon.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment, the bearing points 153 for supporting the pivotable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 cooperate with bearing surfaces 154 facing towards the bearing points, which are arranged in the lower region of the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, in particular in the region of the lower ends of the two respective frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3; 131.4, and / or which are supported by at least one bearing point 153 at least within the adjustment range of the pivoting movement, seen in the circumferential direction of the arc K, and which have a surface with an arc-shaped curved contour at least within the adjustment range. The radius of curvature is preferably the radius R mentioned above. S Corresponds to.

[0124] In principle, the pivoting can be carried out manually, but drive means, in particular remotely controlled, with which the respective subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be pivoted are preferred.

[0125] The swivel or tilt angle α is, for example, an angle of 0.1° to 2.0°, in particular 0.5° to 1.5°, and preferably 1.0°. The adjustment range of the swivel can be, for example, from 0° to at least 1°, advantageously from 0° to at least 1.5°, or even from 0° to 2.0°, or possibly even higher.

[0126] All the described configurations for the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 pivotable about the pivot axis S can be transferred to all the described configurations for the divided frames 128; 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, with the proviso that the subframes 128.1; 128.3; 128.4 of the first or second rollers 102; 103, in particular the simple, i.e. one-sided, mounting mechanism 1 128.2; 128.4 of the first roller 102; 103 of the double attachment mechanism 101; 101', is swivelable in the above-described manner and is advantageously constructed using the above-described means.

[0127] Independently of the pivoting of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' with or without the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the pivoting axis S preferably lies in a plane with the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or is in a plane with at least the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the swivelable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'. 102';R103', and advantageously also extends relative to the rotation axes R102;R103;R102';R103' of both the first and second rollers 102;103;102';103' and / or intersects with at least the rotation axes R102;R103;R102';R103' of the swivelable rollers 102;103;102';103', advantageously the rotation axes R102;R103;R102;R103' of both the first and second rollers 102;103;102;103'. Advantageously, the pivot axis S of the swivelable roller 102;102';103;103' intersects with the rotation axis R102;R103;R102;R103' of the swivelable roller 102;103;102';103', advantageously with the rotation axis R102;R103,R102';R103' of both the first and second roller 102;103;102;103', preferably in an intermediate region, i.e., for example, at a distance of at most 15% of the available length from the center, or in particular at the height of the center of the maximum available roller width. In the preferred configuration shown, the pivoting movement of the rotation axes R102;R103,R102';R103' takes place in a plane extending perpendicular to the pivot axis S, without the plane moving in the direction of the pivot axis during pivoting and / or without the pivot axis changing its position in space. This allows independent pivoting to be performed when applying and removing, and vice versa.

[0128] In an alternative configuration to the above-described configuration of the adjusting drive 109;109', in particular for adjusting the roller 102;102';103;103' to be adjusted or the roller gap 104;104';107;107' of the or each first roller 102;102', and / or the gap width b104;b104' between the first and second rollers 102;103;102';103', on a position basis, for example operated or operable with open-loop control with respect to position or with closed-loop control with respect to position, the adjusting drive 109;109' for adjusting the first and second rollers 102;103 relative to one another, for example, comprises one or more drive means 132 operated or operable with open-loop control with respect to position or with closed-loop control with respect to position, which can reach defined and / or specifiable positions by themselves or by corresponding open-loop or closed-loop control.

[0129] In a particularly advantageous configuration shown here, the drive means 132, which is operated or can be operated under open-loop or closed-loop control with respect to the position of the stroke- or position-based adjustable adjusting drive 109, is formed as an actuator by a hydraulically operated drive means, in which the position of its drive means, for example the rotor or in particular the piston 167, is open-loop or closed-loop controlled or open-loop or closed-loop controllable via an open-loop or closed-loop controlled variable, and a pressure fluid is supplied to the drive means, in particular hydraulically operated, in particular by a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132, which is open-loop or closed-loop controlled or open-loop or closed-loop controllable with respect to the open-loop or closed-loop controlled variable formed by the gap width b104 or a quantity correlated to and / or representing the gap width b104 with respect to the position of the piston 167, for short, the piston position (see, for example, FIGS. 25 and 26). In this case, in principle, for example, the target gap width b104 soll or the target gap width b104, such as the piston position itself sollRegardless of whether other quantities relative to and / or representative of the above are used as target or reference quantities for positioning the piston 167, the piston 167 of the cylinder-piston system 132, viewed in the adjustment direction, is variable in a defined manner with respect to its position via the target or reference quantity, and can be held in a position reached by the fluctuation, for example within a working range, until a new fluctuation is intentionally initiated on the inlet side, for example by specifying a new target value, independently of the variable force acting on the piston in this direction of movement. The piston 167 may or may not be open-loop or closed-loop controllable with respect to its absolute position; however, it must be positionable in a defined manner at least in its position by the assigned open-loop and / or open-loop control device 156 and be able to be held in this position by the corresponding open-loop or closed-loop control. In particular, the cylinder-piston system 132 is configured as a double-acting system, i.e., configured so that the piston 167 can be supplied with pressure fluid from both sides.

[0130] The quantity correlated to and / or representative of the gap width b104 can in principle be any measurement quantity describing the amount of adjustment movement, the change in position of a measurement point, or a distance that changes during adjustment, such as, for example, a piston position, a distance between measurement points fixed to a roller, or a moving point in a drive continuum.

[0131] In particular, the adjusting drive 109 for stroke- or position-based adjustment of the gap 104 is therefore implemented as an actuator, i.e. as a drive means 132, and as an adjusting means 164; * and a hydraulic cylinder-piston system 132, in particular an open-loop or closed-loop controlled system, operable or operated with respect to a target or reference quantity formed by the gap width b104 or a quantity correlated to and / or representative of the gap width b104 via an adjustment member formed by

[0132] The hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132, which is open-loop or closed-loop controlled with respect to the piston position relative to a target or reference quantity, is in principle connected to the control chain S b As part of the target gap width b104 in relation to a specified or specifiable gap width b104 or a quantity representing the gap width b104 soll or a control circuit R b As part of the target gap width b104 in relation to a specified or specifiable gap width b104 or a quantity representing the gap width b104 soll (See, for example, FIGS. 26 to 29).

[0133] Preferably, the adjusting means 164 as an adjusting member; * together with the cylinder-piston system 132 as an actuator, together with a sensor unit 157 for detecting the gap width b104 or a quantity correlated to and / or representative of the gap width b104, adjusting means 164; 164 * together with a closed loop control means 171, for example, a controller 171 for short, and a control circuit R b This is a component of the control circuit R b The gap width b104 can be controlled in a closed loop so as to reach and maintain the target gap width b104 as a reference amount. * and the drive with the controller 171 as a whole forms, for example here, a hydraulic drive, in particular a servohydraulic actuator or drive, which is closed-loop controlled or close-loop controllable, in particular with respect to position. The term closed-loop control means 171 or controller 171 is intended here to include not only the controller circuit or logic itself, but also supply stages, amplification stages, etc., which may be necessary for this purpose. Adjusting means 164; 164 * means of adjustment 164; 164 *together with the closed-loop control means 171 acting on the control signal 154, can be grouped under the term closed-loop control device 156 and can be illustrated as such, for example in a partially simplified form.

[0134] In the case of open-loop control, for example, the control chain S b A defined piston position, or a defined variation in the reached piston position, which is specified to the drive means 132 via the open-loop control means of the control chain S can be determined, for example, by an integrated position sensor unit being provided in the cylinder-piston system 132 itself, whereby b This may be possible by the fact that a defined amount can be provided via

[0135] In the case of a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system 132, the piston position is open-loop or closed-loop controlled to other, for example, external quantities, such as the gap width b104, the layer thickness d003 or the basis weight FG, and the corresponding control chain S b ;S F ;S d ;S'' d or the corresponding control circuit R b ;R F ;R d ;R'' d , which are then included in the control chain S corresponding to the external quantities. b ;S F ;S d ;S'' d Or control circuit R b ;R F ;R d ;R'' d For example, the specified target gap width b104 soll Or the piston position is changed accordingly.

[0136] The drive means 132, which is operated or can be operated under open-loop or closed-loop control with respect to position, determines the target gap width b104 as a target or reference quantity for positioning the piston 167. soll Or the target gap width b104 sollCorrelated to and / or the target gap width b104 soll Regardless of the quantity used, it is preferably formed by the above-mentioned hydraulically operated or operable cylinder-piston system 132 with at least one cylinder 166 in which a piston 167 movable in fluid technology separates at least two chambers 168; 169 from one another. The piston 167 acts on a piston rod 142 which is extended at its end face from the cylinder 166 via a suitable seal and which may be formed integrally or may be stretched in a tension- and compression-resistant manner by one or more tension- and / or compression-resistant rods.

[0137] In the presently preferred configuration of the hydraulically operated drive means 132, which is open-loop controlled and / or closed-loop controlled with respect to the piston position relative to the above-mentioned target or reference quantity, the target gap width b104 is used as the target or reference quantity for positioning the piston 167. soll Or the target gap width b104 soll and / or the target gap width b104 soll Correlated to and / or the target gap width b104 soll Regardless of the quantities used, chambers 168 and 169 separated from each other by a piston 169 are provided with adjusting means 164 and 164, respectively. *169 via the pressure medium lines 158; 159, it is possible to selectively provide more or less pressure fluid, in particular in a metered amount and / or within a defined range, so that the position of the piston can be changed in a defined manner within the cylinder 166 depending on the inflow and outflow in the chambers 168; 169, so that the piston rod 142 protruding from the cylinder or its extended working end, as the case may be, can be displaced, for example, the cylinder 166 coming into direct or indirect contact with one of the rollers 102; 103 forming the first gap 104, for example the first roller 102, and the piston rod 142, optionally via an extension, coming into direct or indirect contact with the other roller 103; 102 of the adjacent roller pair 102, 103, for example the second roller 103, or vice versa. In this case, what is important is the change in the effective length or effective length of the drive means 132, in particular the cylinder-piston system 132, due to the change in the position of the piston 167 in the cylinder 166, and therefore the change in the distance between the contact points of the drive means 132 or the adjustment device 141 comprising said drive means 132 on the two rollers 102; 103 or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0138] Each chamber 168; 169 is provided with an adjusting means 164; 164 as needed, i.e. when an adjustment is required. * , which is drawn or displaced from the other chamber 169; 168 depending on the volume to be released.

[0139] In a first advantageous configuration (see for example Figures 26 and 27), the regulating means 164, which is effective as a regulating member, may be formed by an adjustable or switchable valve 164, in particular a multi-way valve 164, e.g. a directional control valve 164 for short, so that, depending on the selected switching state s0; s1; s2; s3, additional pressure fluid is not or cannot be provided from the pressure fluid source P connected to any of the chambers 168; 169 in a first switching state s1, e.g. the maintaining state s1, or additional pressure fluid is or can be provided to one of the chambers 168; 169 in a second switching state s2, e.g. the first passing state s2, or to the other chamber 168; 169 in a third switching state s3, e.g. the second passing state s3, and preferably at the same time the other chamber 169; 168 is or can be correspondingly depressurized by discharge into the reservoir R. A pressure fluid source P, e.g., a pressure means tank with pressure fluid, i.e., working fluid under overpressure, e.g., hydraulic oil, can be supplied again, preferably via a corresponding pump or compressor, from a reservoir R, e.g., at ambient pressure or at least at a lower pressure level compared to the working pressure level in the cylinder 166. The first or maintenance switching state s1, which relates to maintaining the reached state, should also include an arrangement in which the same, particularly small and / or possibly adjustable, flow is permitted in both chambers 168; 169 to compensate for losses caused by leakage and thus maintain the reached piston position and / or existing pressure despite leakage. To that extent, in the maintenance state s1, both chambers 168; 169 are either not in fluid communication with the pressure fluid source P at all or are in fluid communication to the same, particularly small or throttled, degree via the conduit connections. Since the purpose of the maintenance state s1 is to maintain equilibrium between the two chambers 168; 169 so that the piston 167 does not move to either side, this can also be referred to here as an equilibrium state. In particular, in the maintenance state s1, there is no or no significant pressure difference between the chambers 168; 169, so that the piston 167 rests in the position reached.

[0140] In the second or third switching state s2; s3, by means of a targeted and / or metered supply of pressure fluid into one of the chambers 168; 169, in particular when pressure fluid is simultaneously discharged from the other chamber 169; 168, the position of the piston 167, and thus the active end connected to the piston 167, is variable within a defined range within the cylinder 166. The active ends of the cylinder-piston system 132, i.e., for example, the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 operatively connected thereto, are therefore variable in a defined manner in the distance when viewed in the adjustment direction.

[0141] In the case of the preferred and above-described adjustment direction 141 acting on or between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, when the chamber 169 located on the side of the piston rod 142 is metered, the effective length of the cylinder-piston system 132 is shortened and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are adjusted towards each other via a tensile force and, for example, when metered into chamber 169 opposite piston rod 142, the effective length is increased and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are adjusted away from each other via a compressive force.

[0142] In a case not shown here, the adjusting device for position or stroke-based adjustment is configured and arranged in such a way that pressing of one roller towards the other roller is performed or can be produced, so that when metered into the chamber 169 located on the side of the piston rod 142, one is adjusted away from the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one is adjusted away from the other of the partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, and when metered into the chamber 169 facing away from the piston rod 142, for example, one is adjusted towards the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one is adjusted towards the other partial frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0143] 27, the directional control valve 164, e.g., as a 4 / 4-way valve 164, can additionally have a fourth switching state s4, i.e., a switching state s4 in which both chambers 168 and 169 are connected to the reservoir R via a return flow and are therefore, for example, switched to a pressureless state. Preferably, the directional control valve 164 is configured in such a way that the fourth switching state s4 simultaneously represents the basic switching state s4 to which the directional control valve 164 returns when the adjusting drive 176 is deactivated. In such a fourth switching state s4, the lines coming from the chambers 168 and 169, in particular the lines passing through the respective valves 164, can be provided with throttling devices, e.g., so-called pipe throttles, which are shown only symbolically. Thus, in the case of a pressureless switching of the cylinder-piston system 132, sudden depressurization, for example at the end of operation, can be avoided.

[0144] Independently of this, or advantageously in addition to the above, the directional or multi-way valve 164 is in an advantageous configuration not simply switchable in two ways to pass or block in at least one of its active switching states, but is formed for at least one, preferably both, pass states s2;s3 in the manner of a proportional valve 164, in particular as a proportional directional control valve 164, so that the fluid flow in said switching states s2;s3 can be controlled in an open-loop or closed-loop manner in terms of the flow rate and / or in terms of the fluid pressure applied to the outlet side. In this advantageous configuration, the directional control valve 164 is preferably designed as a proportional directional control valve 164, for example as a 4 / 4 proportional directional control valve 164 in the case of the above-mentioned fourth switching state s4, so that in addition to the above-mentioned maintenance state S1, a second switching state s2, in particular the first passage state s2, which is variable in its range of flow rate and / or outlet pressure, and / or a third switching state S3, in particular the second passage state s3, which is variable in its range of flow rate and / or outlet pressure, can be adjusted, in particular via the adjusting drive 176.

[0145] Regardless of whether the directional control valve 164 or its adjusting drive 176 is configured as a directional control valve 164 with only two passage states s2;s3 or as a proportional directional control valve 164 with at least one, preferably two, passage states s2;s3 or multiple passage states s2;s3 that are variable with respect to opening, e.g., flow rate and / or outlet pressure, the directional control valve 164 is adjustable by means of an adjusting drive 176, which may be formed, for example, by a motor or preferably by a controllable electromagnet 176. The directional control valve 164 is preferably connected to a control circuit R, which will be described later, via a controller 171. b ;R F ;R d ;R'' d or possibly in the case of stroke or position-based adjustment of the gap 104, controllable by an internal control circuit associated with a correspondingly installed controller and piston position via the relationship between the piston position and gap width b104.

[0146] Regardless of the specific configuration of the valve 164 described above, the cylinder-piston system 132 together with the directional control valve 164 and the controller 171 acting on the directional control valve 164 form, for example, a so-called servo-hydraulic actuator 132, 164.

[0147] In order to be able to adjust and maintain a specific gap width b104 when pressing the powder 004;004 into a film 007, an overpressure of, for example, at least 100 bar, preferably at least 150 bar, in particular at least 200 bar (1 bar = 100 kPa) is provided by a compressed air source P pressure fluid. This also applies to the drive means 133 of the first configuration, which is formed as a cylinder-piston system 133 and acts against the abutment means 119. In the case of a stroke-based adjustment, this ensures, for example, that the gap width b104 remains constant despite a larger material flow when being pressed in the film-forming gap 104, and in the case of a force-based adjustment, the possibility of high compression and / or strong pressing with the carrier substrate 006 in the deposition gap 107.

[0148] Adjustment means 164 effective as an adjustment member * In an alternative configuration (see for example FIG. 28), this is achieved by a pump 164 which is driven, in particular reversibly, by a motor, in particular a servomotor, and which can be open-loop and / or closed-loop controlled, in particular with respect to a defined, in particular volumetric, delivery rate. * , which allows the transfer of pressure fluid into or from one or the other chamber 168; 169, respectively. Depending on the design of the cylinder-piston system 132, additional elements, such as a compensation tank and / or valves, may be provided in the fluid circuit. The cylinder-piston system 132 is in this case connected to a pump 164 driven by a servomotor. * and optionally further components, such as a pump 164 * For example, so-called servo-hydraulic actuators 132, 164 together with a controller 171 acting on the * Form.

[0149] In the case of a hydraulically actuated drive means 132 that is open-loop controlled with respect to the gap width b104, the adjustment means 164 may be, for example, soll A corresponding adjustment command representing the

[0150] For all configurations having a cylinder-piston system 132; 133 capable of supplying pressurized fluid, an emergency shutdown is advantageously provided, in particular for protection against maintained high pressures and excessively high application forces, which includes a pressure sensor 177 provided in the conduit path supplying pressurized fluid to the cylinder-piston system 132; 133 when one or a first roller is pressed against the adjacent other or second roller 103; 103'; 102; 102, and a logic circuit implemented in the control means and signal-connected to the pressure sensor, which, when one roller is pressed against the adjacent other roller, causes a pressureless switching of the pressure medium supply to the cylinder-piston system 132; 133, for example if the directional control valve 164 is switched to the pressureless switching stop state s3, or a switch to an operating mode causing a shutdown, for example if the directional control valve 164 is switched to the switching state causing a shutdown s2. In this case, the pressure sensor 177 may be provided at the conduit connection 159 or inside the valve in the conduit path on the outlet side as shown. The logic may be incorporated into the controller means 171 that controls the directional control valve 164, for example as a circuit or as a software routine.

[0151] In the preferred embodiment of the hydraulically operated drive means 132 with closed-loop control of the gap width b104, the adjusting means 164 or the adjusting drive 176 used for adjusting the adjusting means 164, independently of the configuration as a directional control valve 164 or a pump 164, receives an adjustment command from the controller 171 on the inlet side, which converts the gap width b104 determined via the sensor unit 157 into the desired or predetermined gap width b104 soll, for example, target gap width b104 soll Compared to, depending on the deviation, the gap width b104 soll The adjustment command corresponding to the increase or decrease of the gap width b104 is sent to the adjustment means 164 or its adjustment driver 164. soll The gap widths b104 and b104 are soll The quantity representing is also to be included here below.

[0152] The controller 171 receives the determined gap width b104 directly or indirectly, possibly via evaluation means 161 specially provided for the sensor unit 157 used, from the sensor unit 157, which provides the gap width b104 or the size of the gap width 104. The preferred sensor unit 157 used here comprises two sensors 157.1; 157.2, e.g., capacitive sensors 157.1; 157.2, which are directed along the line of shortest distance between the two rollers 102; 103, in each case toward the cylindrical roller surface of one of the two rollers 102; 103, or toward a cylindrical measuring surface, e.g., a so-called measuring collar, which rotates rotationally symmetrically with the respective roller 102; 103 about the rotation axis R102; R103. The sensors 157.1; 157.2 each output a distance or a quantity representative of said distance as a measured value, the sum of which provides the value of the actual gap width b104 or the quantity representative thereof after a corresponding evaluation, for example in the evaluation means 161, relative to a reference value determined, for example, in a calibration measurement at zero gap width or a small calibration thickness.

[0153] In an advantageous configuration, at least one of the hydraulically actuated drive means 132 is in direct or indirect contact between the first and second rollers 102, 103 per frame surface, but preferably two or possibly more such drive means 132 are in contact per frame surface.

[0154] It is very advantageous that for the adjustment of each of the movable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106, or in the above cases for the adjustment of the multi-part structure 128 of each of the movable sub-structures 128.1; 128.3; 128.4, a linear adjustment stroke is provided and / or an adjustment stroke with a possible adjustment range of a few mm, for example at least 2 mm, in particular or even at least 4 mm, is provided, despite the low thickness of, for example, the dry film 003; 003' or the product string 002. The latter allows for sufficiently large separations for maintenance purposes or in the event of a malfunction.

[0155] The stroke or position based adjustment drive 109 is described in relation to the first gap 104 which is suitable for this purpose, but if the second gap 107 is also to be adjusted or adjustable on a stroke or position basis, then what has been said above also applies accordingly.

[0156] Even if an adjustment drive is described using only a reference number without a prime, if a second first gap 1034' is present, it is appropriately transferred to a corresponding adjustment drive 109' having a reference number with a prime.

[0157] In principle, the arrangement of each adjusting drive 109; 109' in the first configuration, i.e. with a force-based adjusting drive 133 and stop means 119, and in the second embodiment, i.e. with one or more hydraulically actuated drive means 132 that are open-loop controlled and / or open-loop controlled with respect to the piston position, with the effective ends of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' of a roller pair, can be applied to the arrangement of rollers 102, 103; 102'; 103' in a single-part frame 128 and / or to each bearing or bearing block adjustably supported in the side wall of the single- or multi-part frame 128 and supporting the roller 102 to be adjusted. In this case, for example, the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' to be adjusted may be rotatably mounted with their roll journals on both sides in bearings or bearing blocks supported against the frame 128, against a partial frame or against the lower frame so as to move linearly along the adjustment direction.

[0158] Preferably, however, such an arrangement of the adjusting drive 109; 109' is also provided in the second configuration of the adjusting drive in connection with the above-mentioned multi-part frame 128 having a plurality of subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which are suitable for configuring the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and / or for arranging a single or double application mechanism and / or for making one of the rollers 102, 103, in particular the first roller 102, pivotable and / or for contacting the plane G and / or for forming a force-based adjusting drive 111; 111' for the second roller nip 107. For adjusting the second gap 107 between the rollers 103'; 103 effective as counter-pressure rollers 103'; 107 and the first roller 102 or further rollers located therebetween, as may be applicable, preferably in the manner described above for the first embodiment, at least one force-based or combined adjusting drive 133 is provided which can be operated or is operated, in particular with open-loop control in terms of force or with closed-loop control in terms of force, for example one or preferably several cylinder-piston systems 133, and optionally a force-based or combined adjusting drive 111 with an adjustable abutment 119.

[0159] In a preferred configuration, again at least one drive means 132 or an adjusting device 165 comprising a drive means 132 has two effective ends which act on the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or on their sub-frames 128;1; 128;2; 128;3; 128;4, as explained above for the first embodiment, on the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or on the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, and in particular on the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 10 In order to adjust the gap 104; 104' between the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, these subframes are brought into contact with each other to provide an adjusting force directed towards each other, i.e., to generate a tensile force between the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which has the advantage that the forces generated during position-based application act only on the associated first roller gap 104; 104' and do not additionally act on the second gap 104; 104', as would occur, for example, if a force were applied from the outside to the outer rollers 102; 102'. In the solution proposed here, each drive means 132 or adjustment device 165 equipped with a drive means 132 has one effective end acting on one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and the other effective end acting on the other of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, thereby determining the relative position and / or the contact force applied between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'.

[0160] The above-described principle of the adjusting device 141 acting between adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in particular of a tensioning device 141, for example in the form of a tensioning device 141, which makes the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' movable relative to one another with a force directed towards one another in order to abut or stack them in an adjusting direction, can obviously also be read off or applied, in particular for both the first and second configurations of the adjusting drive 141; 165 or the drive means 132, 133, to solutions in which the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' which are drawn towards one another are not indirectly supported on the relatively moving subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, but are supported below or elsewhere on the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. In this case, for example, at least one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' that are drawn towards one another can be mounted so as to be movable in the adjustment direction in or on the frame 128, the lower or partial frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in question. The adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can advantageously be mounted on linear bearings so as to be movable in the adjustment direction.

[0161] Alternatively, a hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132 with open-loop and / or closed-loop control of piston position may be provided by the control chain S d , can be open-loop controlled with respect to a predetermined or specifiable layer thickness d003 or a quantity representative of the layer thickness d003, or can be controlled by a control circuit R, for example, with a sensor unit 172 provided in the substrate path for determining the layer thickness d003. d30 and 31 , a closed-loop control can be performed with respect to a predetermined or specifiable layer thickness d003 or a quantity representative of the layer thickness d003. Such a sensor unit 172 for determining the layer thickness d003 can, for example, have at least one sensor 172.1, for example a sensor 172.1 operating in a capacitive or inductive manner, preferably a combination of inductive and capacitive modes, and / or is provided for determining the layer thickness d003 of the dry film 003 formed on a roller, for example, provided between the second or second and counter-pressure rollers 103; 103′; 106, and / or is directed to the peripheral area of ​​said roller 103 between the formation or receiving and discharging of the dry film 003. In this case, the measured layer thickness d003 can be directly input to the closed-loop control device 156, and the target layer thickness d003 can be determined, for example, as exemplarily shown in FIG. 30 . soll and the measured layer thickness d003, the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132 can be changed via the adjusting means 164 in case of deviations. Alternatively, as exemplarily shown for example in FIG. 31, the measured layer thickness d003 can be adjusted by the controller 174 to an external control circuit R''. d Target thickness d003 soll If a deviation occurs, the target gap width b104 is first compared with the target gap width b104 based on a specified relationship, for example. soll A changed value for the new target gap width b104 may be generated. soll To replace the internal control circuit R b The control circuit R for controlling the gap width b104 as b supplied to and / or used as the basis for.

[0162] In a further alternative to the open-loop or closed-loop control directed to the gap width b104 of the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132, which is open-loop controlled and / or closed-loop controlled with respect to the piston position, the hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132, which is open-loop controlled with respect to the piston position with respect to the above-mentioned target or reference quantity, is connected to a control circuit R with sensor units 413.1; 413.2 provided in the substrate path for determining, for example, the basis weight FG with respect to a predetermined or specifiable basis weight FG or a quantity representative of the basis weight FG. FG , the gap width b104 may be closed-loop controlled with respect to a predetermined or specifiable layer thickness d003 or a quantity representing the layer thickness d003 (see, for example, FIGS. 33 and 34). b In configurations with or without, the above still applies and applies accordingly.

[0163] Although in the foregoing and in the associated figures the arrangement with hydraulically operated drive means 132 has been specifically described and illustrated only for the pair of first and second rollers 102; 103 in relation to the rollers 103'; 107 which are effective as counter-pressure rollers 103'; 107, this obviously applies correspondingly to the second pair of first and second rollers 102'; 103' in the case of the double deposition mechanism 101; 101'.

[0164] The control chain S above b ;S d ;S'' d ;S F or control circuit R b ;R d ;R'' d ;R F can be applied to the first embodiment of the adjusting drive 109; 109', provided that the control chain S b ;S d ;S'' d ;S F or related control circuit R b ;R d ;R'' d;R F provided that instead of a hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system 132 with open-loop or closed-loop control of the piston position, the actuation motor acts on the adjusting means 146, in particular on the abutment means 119, on an adjusting motor provided with the adjusting means for adjusting the abutment 119. These variants are indicated in Figures 29 to 31 and 33 by the reference number 146 shown in brackets of the adjusting means 146.

[0165] In a preferred configuration, not only for those described in connection with the partial frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, but also for all configurations of the deposition mechanisms 101; 101' or double deposition mechanisms 101, 101' formed in any other way by a single or multi-part frame, the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' provided in the deposition or double deposition mechanisms 101; 101'; 101; 101' are arranged relative to one another so that, at least in the operating position, their rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103'; R106 intersect the same connection line, here in particular a horizontally extending connection line, in at least one radial alignment along the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106. In the case of one or more inclined rollers 102; 103; 102'; 102, 103'; 106; 106', this connection line coincides, for example, with the respective pivot axis S. In the case of no inclined rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106', the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103'; R106 are advantageously parallel and lie in the same plane, here in particular in a horizontally extending plane, for example in the construction variants described above.

[0166] For all the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, the adjusting drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' of at least the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' which form the second gap 107; 107' preferably forms, in operation, a gap width at its narrowest point of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, in particular at least 50 μm, and / or at least within the limits which define the maximum adjustment stroke, between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' via the product continuum 002; 002' to be formed and / or at least one adjusting mechanism 112 112' and / or at least one adjusting drive 109;109' to form the pressing or line force caused by the rollers 103;103';106;106' forming the second gap 107;107', at least in the region of its width contributing to film formation and / or film deposition, of, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, suitably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm, and / or to make it possible to keep the desired line force constant even when the dry film thickness varies, for example by automatic or adjusted tracking of at least one of the two rollers 103;106;106;103'. Automatic tracking is tracking that is carried out, for example, by a drive means or the provision of that force itself, which is preferably force-based adjustable, in particular open-loop controlled with respect to force or closed-loop controllable with respect to force, and without readjustment via an additional control circuit, as opposed to tracking that is closed-loop controlled via a control circuit.

[0167] In a particularly advantageous further refinement of all the above-mentioned configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configurations, a suction section 123; 123' is provided above each application mechanism 101; 101' or application mechanism 101; 101', by means of which any leaking gas or generated vapors can be sucked in.

[0168] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' of the above-mentioned application mechanism 101; 101' are preferably formed with a width usable for film formation and / or application in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, in particular in the range of 500 mm to 700 mm.

[0169] In principle, independently, however, particularly advantageously, the coating device 100; * In connection with one of the above configurations, variants, arrangements, embodiments or configuration forms, and / or one of the machine devices and / or arrangements described in more detail below, for example in particular in connection with the above multi-component configuration and / or the configuration of the adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111', a subsequent method for forming a dry film, in particular for subsequent deposition onto the carrier substrate 006, in the above deposition mechanism 101; 101 is very advantageous.

[0170] In this case, as already described above, in order to form or produce a dry film 003;003' from the powdered material 004, for example as described above, the first roller 102;102' and the second roller 103;103', which forms a nip 104;104' between their circumferential surfaces with the first roller 102;102', supply the powdered material 004;004' to the nip 104;104' over the gusset area above the nip 104;104', and this powdered material 004;004' is transported through the nip 004;004', thereby forming a dry film 003;003' that will be further transported over the circumferential surface of the second roller 103;103' as it passes through the nip 004;004'. The first roller 102; 102' can be driven or is driven at a first peripheral speed V(102; 102') in the area of ​​its periphery, and the second roller 103; 103' can be driven or is driven at a second peripheral speed V103; 103' in the area of ​​its periphery. The basis weight FG of the dry film 003; 003' formed by the roller nip 104; 104', i.e., the surface area of ​​the dry film 003; 003', for example, in milligrams per square centimeter (mg / cm 2 ) is varied, i.e., for example deliberately adjusted, by deliberately bringing about a change in the ratio V(102;102'):(103;103') between the peripheral speed V(102;102') of the first roller 102;102' in its peripheral surface region and the peripheral speed V(103;103') of the second roller 103;103' in its peripheral surface region.

[0171] The ratio V(102;102'):V(103;103') is varied, for example, in the range of 1:3 to 1:6, advantageously at least in the range of 1:4 to 1:5. The variation of the ratio V(102;102'):V(103;103') can here be brought about by a variation of the peripheral speed difference, and vice versa, so that the ratio V(102;102'):V(103;103') can likewise be regarded as a variation of the peripheral speed difference, and vice versa.

[0172] It is particularly advantageous if a control circuit, for example a so-called closed loop, is provided, in which during operation, depending on the determined measured value of the magnitude representative of the basis weight FG, the basis weight FG or the magnitude representative of the basis weight FG is adjusted to the target value FG by varying the ratio between the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103'). soll Or closed-loop controlled to a value within an allowed range (see, for example, FIG. 32).

[0173] The variation of the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') is advantageously effected with a fixed but adjustable gap width b104, which can be adjusted, for example, on a positional basis and / or in an amount within the ranges mentioned above.

[0174] Preferably, the change in the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') is effected by varying the peripheral speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102', while the second roller 103; 103' continues to run, for example, at the current, particularly stationary, machine speed.

[0175] The peripheral speed V(102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102 is changed, for example, by providing an adjusting signal causing a change in the relative speed to a closed-loop and / or open-loop control means 173 that open-loop and / or closed-loop controls the rotational drive of the first roller 102, in particular the drive means 148; in the preferred case of a first roller 102 driven by a single motor, the adjusting member is controlled by a drive controller 173 that open-loop and / or closed-loop controls the drive motor 147, and the reference quantity is, for example, a change in gear ratio. In the case of a drive of the first roller 102 that is mechanically coupled via gears, the open-loop and / or closed-loop control means 173 can be controlled by an adjusting drive of a gear stage that is adjustable in terms of a gear ratio, and the adjusting signal can, for example, be an adjusting signal for adjusting the gear ratio.

[0176] This change is effected, for example, along a particularly linearly descending relationship between the peripheral speed difference of the peripheral surface or a quantity characterizing the peripheral speed difference on the one hand and the basis weight or a quantity representing said basis weight on the other hand. For example, at least in the applicable adjustment range, a gradient, particularly a negative gradient, is advantageous, in which case, for example, a change in the peripheral speed difference of 1% leads to a change in the basis weight of, for example, 1.0 to 1.5 mg / cm. 2 , especially 1.1 to 1.3 mg / cm 2 The basis weight will vary within this range.

[0177] The reference measurement of the current basis weight can be performed by measurement on a not yet applied dry film 003;003', for example on the second roller 103;103', or on a dry film 003;003' already applied to the carrier substrate 006, for example on the product web 002, at a point located downstream of the nip 104;104' in the transport path of the dry film 003;003'. This can be performed, for example, in conjunction with or based on the density measurement method described above, which also provides a basis weight value, or preferably by an ultrasound-based measurement, for example via the measuring device 413 or sensor units 413.1, 413.2 described below, which provides a measure of the basis weight FG, for example by comparison with the results from the reference measurement or measurements.

[0178] Such a procedure allows small variations in basis weight to be corrected without adjusting the rollers 102, 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106 or the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0179] The method can be applied to volumetric density regulation or closed-loop control by varying the ratio of the peripheral speeds V of the corresponding rollers (102; 102'; 103; 103').

[0180] The drive or drive motor 147 of the first roller is connected together with the open-loop and / or closed-loop control means 173 and the measuring device 413 or sensor unit 413.1, 413.2 to a control circuit R' for closed-loop control of the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of the basis weight FG, which is determined in-line. FG (See, for example, FIG. 34).

[0181] As an alternative to the described closed-loop control of the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of the determined basis weight FG, the layer thickness d003 determined by the above-described sensor unit 172 can also be used on the inlet side instead of the determined basis weight. In this case, the drive or drive motor 147 of the first roller 102, together with the open-loop and / or closed-loop control 173 and the sensor unit 172 for determining the layer thickness d003, is determined in-line, in particular, and is connected to a control circuit R' for closed-loop control of the ratio between the peripheral speeds V(102; 102'; 103; 103') as a function of the layer thickness d003 of the dry film 003 being formed. d (See, for example, FIG. 32).

[0182] A machine for producing a multilayer product (see, for example, Figures 3, 10, 15, 16 or 17) having the above-mentioned dry film 003;003' formed from a powder mixture on at least one side of a carrier substrate 006, particularly in an inline process, preferably comprises a substrate supply section 200 in which the carrier material 006 can be supplied to the machine at the inlet side, a first substrate path section 300 in which the carrier substrate 006 can be supplied to a deposition stage 100;100' for applying the dry film 003;003' to at least one side of the carrier substrate 006, and a second substrate path section 400 in which the carrier substrate provided with the dry film 003 on at least one side can be supplied to a product receiving section 500 in which the product can be assembled into a product package, for example a roll or a stack.

[0183] In a particularly preferred configuration, the deposition stages 100;100 *is the above device 100;100 * The deposition stage 100 shown in Fig. 3 can be replaced with any of the configurations, structures, designs, and embodiments of the first group of examples, and the deposition stage 100 shown in Fig. 10, Fig. 15, or Fig. 16 can be replaced with any of the configurations, structures, designs, and embodiments of the first group of examples. * can be substituted for all of the second group. In the machine examples shown in Figures 15 and 16, alternatively, configurations, structures, designs, embodiments or variants of the first group of deposition stages 100, i.e. with separate deposition devices 101; 101', can also be used.

[0184] The substrate supply section 200 is advantageously formed by a substrate uncoiler 200, in particular a roll changer 200, preferably with a plurality of roll positions and / or suitable for non-stop roll changing. The roll changer 200 can advantageously comprise substrate guide elements 202 formed as motor-driven rollers 202, in particular tension rollers 202, and / or substrate guide elements 203 in the form of dancer rollers 203, for example spring-loaded or force-biased on levers or guides perpendicular to the substrate path.

[0185] The carrier substrate web 006 is unwound at a substrate uncoiler 200 and fed at the entrance side to the substrate path through the machine at the unwound location.

[0186] In the case of a tensioning roller 202 provided in the substrate uncoiler and, for example, structurally assigned to said substrate uncoiler (see, for example, FIG. 3 or FIG. 10 ), this may, for example, comprise, in addition to the tensioning roller 202, a drive means, in particular a drive motor, for example in the form of a servo motor, which drives the tensioning roller 202, in particular independently from the other tensioning rollers, and which can be controlled in a closed-loop and / or open-loop manner with regard to speed, and / or a tensioning mechanism 207, in particular a retraction mechanism 207, which has a pressure roller adjustable on the tensioning roller 202 to increase friction. Depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing upstream and downstream of the roller 202, the roller 202 or the drive means can or may also be operated by generator drive or by inhibiting the feed of the carrier substrate web 006, for example, in order to establish or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension in the substrate path section 300 adjacent and extending, for example, to the next clamp or web tension point, or in the part of the substrate path section 300 formed by adjacent substrate path sections.

[0187] For example, when still structurally assigned to the substrate path in the roll uncoiler 200 or already assigned to the first substrate path section 300, the substrate guide element 208; 307 can be configured in the substrate path as a measuring roller 208, e.g., a web tension measuring roller 208; 307 (exemplary for all configurations, shown for example in FIG. 16), thereby measuring, for example, the web tension or at least one quantity representative of the web tension, e.g., from the individual modules 100; 100. * ;600 or in particular via the conveying speed of one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, this can be examined for use in adjusting the web tension, for example.

[0188] The substrate supply section 200 formed as a roll changer 200 is advantageously mechanically independent from the rest of the machine and / or includes individual motor-driven roll drives and / or lifting devices to support the roll loading and / or roll unloading process.

[0189] In an advantageous configuration, a device for lateral web edge control 204 (exemplary for all configurations, for example shown in FIG. 15) is provided, in particular a sensor system for detecting the web edges and an adjustment element for providing a lateral offset of the carrier substrate, for example in the conveying direction T S and a pair of pivot rods pivotable about an axis extending perpendicular to the substrate supply section 200 may further be provided in the substrate path section associated with the substrate supply section 200 and / or in the adjacent first substrate path 300. In a particularly advantageous configuration, the web edge control section 204 is combined with a gluing device 206, for example a gluing table 206.

[0190] Alternatively or additionally, in an advantageous configuration, an expander device, in particular a web guide element consisting of a single or multiple members having a convexly extending peripheral surface, is further provided in the substrate path section of the substrate supply section 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300.

[0191] In an advantageous refinement, a single or multi-part pre-treatment station 302, in particular a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by means of which the carrier substrate 006 is or can be cleaned of surface impurities, such as dust or cutting residues, and / or charge carriers, on one or both sides in a non-contact or contact process.

[0192] In the first substrate path 300, in particular downstream of any scheduled cleaning, a measuring station 303 is advantageously provided, in particular with an acoustic or radiation-based measuring device 303, by means of which the material thickness of the carrier material 006 can be checked for its thickness and / or thickness uniformity and / or impurities, and in the event of, for example, an unacceptable deviation from the target setting, an optical and / or acoustic warning signal and / or error signal is sent to the machine control and / or control station.

[0193] In an advantageous configuration for all machine configurations, the substrate guide elements 208; 307 can be configured as measuring rollers 307 (exemplary for all configurations, for example, shown in FIGS. 15 and 15) in the substrate path section structurally assigned to the roll uncoiler 200 and / or in the adjacent substrate path section of the first substrate path 300, so that, for example, the web tension can be measured, for example, in the individual modules 100; 100 * 600 or in particular one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307, or preferably both measuring rollers 208; 307, may be provided, in which case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or subsequently control the web tension in the substrate path section located upstream of the first or only application point.

[0194] In an advantageous refinement, a pretreatment station 304, for example configured as a deposition station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by means of which binder and / or primer can be applied to one or both sides of the carrier material 006. In this case, a dryer not shown, for example a hot air dryer or an infrared dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the deposition station 304.

[0195] In a particularly preferred configuration, which in principle can be considered on its own, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other configuration variants of the machine, a deposition stage 100; 100 * Immediately preceding this in the substrate path, i.e., downstream of the last substrate guide element 301; 307 cooperating with the carrier substrate web 006, is a thermal pretreatment station 306, in particular a temperature conditioning station, e.g., an infrared radiation source 306, by which the carrier substrate 006 can be heated above ambient temperature, in particular above 60°C, preferably to at least 80°C. This can be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating a bond-promoting or bond-generating agent 007; 007' provided or applied on the carrier substrate 006. In principle, independently of this, but preferably in conjunction with such a temperature conditioning station 306, a sensor 311, e.g., a temperature sensor 311, in particular a temperature sensor 311 operating in a contactless and / or radiation manner, can be provided for determining the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006. The sensor 311, for example, as the temperature sensor 311, can be a component of a control circuit for regulating the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006 together with the optionally provided temperature control station 306.

[0196] Instead of, or possibly in addition to, a tensioning roller 202 or an associated tensioning mechanism 207 associated with the substrate uncoiler 200, a tensioning roller 308 or tensioning mechanism 309 may be provided in the substrate path section 300 adjacent to the substrate uncoiler 200 and / or leading to the first or only dry film application point, i.e., the first or only lamination gap 107; 107'. If there is only one tensioning roller 202; 308 or one tensioning mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between unwinding from the roll 201 and entering the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', such tensioning roller 202; 308 or such tensioning mechanism 207; 309 can in principle be provided between the substrate uncoiler 200, in particular the coil, and the application stage 100; 107'. * , in particular the first or only application point and the substrate path section 300 extending between, or similarly the application stage 100 on the input side;* 309'。In this case, it is essential that such a tensioning roller 202; 308 or such a tensioning mechanism 207; 309 is arranged upstream of the first application point in the substrate path section, i.e. the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', in order to establish or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension, for example in an adjacent substrate path section or in a part of the substrate path section formed by adjacent substrate path sections. The tensioning mechanism, which corresponds to the tensioning mechanism 207 already described above, for example has, in addition to the tensioning roller 308, drive means, for example in the form of a servomotor, for driving the tensioning roller 308, in particular independently from the other tensioning rollers, and which can be controlled in a closed-loop and / or open-loop manner in terms of speed, and / or a pressure roller which can be pressed against the tensioning roller 308 to increase friction. The roller 308 or drive means may also be operable by generator drive or by inhibiting the feed of the carrier substrate web 006 in order to build or maintain a particular and / or desired web tension, for example, in an adjacent substrate path section and extending, for example, to the next clamp or web tension point, or in a portion of a substrate path section formed by adjacent substrate path sections, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing upstream and downstream of the roller 308.

[0197] In an advantageous configuration, in the second substrate path 400, in particular the deposition stage 100; * In the substrate path immediately following this, the above-mentioned calender 600 or the above-mentioned calendering mechanism 600 is provided with two rollers 601; 602, in particular calendering rollers 601; 602, between which a gap, for example a calendering gap, is formed. This has the advantage that, for example, if the target density is not achieved during the dry film deposition, the final product 001 or simply the intermediate product 002 that is still to be cut can still be produced with the desired density in the active material layer 003; 003'.

[0198] Alternatively, in an arrangement already mentioned above but not shown here, the advantage of which lies for example in the independence of the process and its optimization and thus in quality and / or in being less prone to faults, for example in a plant or system with several machines, a first said machine for coating a carrier substrate 006, in particular said carrier substrate web 006, with a dry film 003;003' formed from a powdery material 004;004', preferably a coating device 100;100 in one of the above advantageous arrangements. * in the substrate path of a first machine, and at least one calendering mechanism 600; 600 in the substrate path of a second machine. * and a separate second machine for compressing the dry film 003; 003' by compressing the dry film 003; 003'. These machines can in principle be located at different locations, but are preferably located, for example in the same plant building, in a plant or machine configuration for producing multilayer products 001, in particular electrode strings 002 or electrode units 001, comprising a dry film applied to a carrier substrate. In this case, the not-yet-post-compressed product strings 002, referred to here as precursor products, are collected, for example, at the outlet side of the machine for coating in a product receiving section 500, in particular configured as a product recoiler 500, into a precursor product roll 501, which is fed at a subsequent or later point in time to the inlet side of the second machine, in particular to a roll uncoiler located at the inlet side of this machine. The product web 002 from the precursor product is then unwound and passed through a calendering mechanism 600; 600' arranged in the substrate path, and is wound up at the exit side as a finished compressed product web 001 into a product roll 501, or is optionally laid down after a crosscut provided downstream of the calendering mechanism 600.

[0199] The above-described calendering process may be performed in-line in the same machine that deposits the dry film 003; 003' onto the carrier substrate 006, or the calendering may be performed separately from the deposition in a separate machine, e.g., a calendering mechanism 600; *whether performed in a second machine having a calendering mechanism 600; * There are two rollers 601;601 * ;602;602 * , for example, calendering rollers 601; 601 * ;602;602 * at least one of them, preferably both, is heatable, in particular so that their peripheral surfaces can be subjected to a temperature of at least 80°C, advantageously at least 100°C, preferably at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of, for example, 25°C, and / or a pressure of at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, in particular at least 1000 N / mm, preferably up to 2000 N / mm, preferably with an adjustable line force, or in particular a line force between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm. The product continuous body 002 coated on at least one side can be passed through a calendering nip in order to further compress the dry film 003; 003' using pressure and / or a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. Calendering rollers 601; 601 * ;602;602 * have a diameter of, for example, at least 400 mm, in particular at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm and / or a usable width of, for example, at least 400 mm, in particular at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm. To produce the aforementioned products 001; 002, rollers 601; 601 are used with a maximum deviation of at most ±2 m, preferably at most ±1 mm. * ;602;602 * A circular runout around the center is particularly advantageous.

[0200] In principle independently, but preferably in conjunction with one or more of the other design variants of the machine, the application stage 100; 100 *In a particularly advantageous configuration in the second substrate path 400 downstream of the calendering mechanism 600, if any, a cooling device 402 is provided downstream thereof, for example also with one or more partially wound temperature-regulated cooling rollers 402.1; 402.2, by means of which the product stream 002 passing therethrough can be cooled, for example by at least 20°C, in particular by at least 50°C.

[0201] In principle independently, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other design variants of the machine, an advantageous refinement is to provide inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2, in particular based on optical and / or acoustic measurements, in the second substrate path 400, e.g., with a sensor 403.1 directed towards one side and a sensor 403.2 directed towards the other side, in order to inspect the surface of the product for defects or imperfections, for example the completeness of the area and / or thickness of the applied dry film 003; 003'. The inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2 can be provided in the substrate path downstream of the calendering mechanism 600, as shown, for example, in Fig. 15, or in the substrate path downstream of the deposition stage 100; 100' but upstream of the calendering mechanism 600, as shown, for example, in Fig. 16. In the former case, defects caused by the calendering process can be detected, while in the latter case, defects possibly occurring in the deposition stage 100; 100' can be located as early as possible. The inspection device 403 can preferably be equipped with a camera, for example a line scan camera, as a sensor 403.1; 403.2 for each surface, with which the respective surface is recorded or optically scanned and abnormalities or defect areas are evaluated via a downstream evaluation device.

[0202] In principle independently, but preferably together with other configuration variants of the machine, but particularly in conjunction with the inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2 arranged on the substrate path, an advantageous refinement provides a device for defect marking 412, which may be formed, for example, by a printing device, for example an inkjet printhead, or an insertion device, which can, for example, introduce or apply object marking means, for example so-called marking flags or marking labels, onto the carrier substrate web 006.

[0203] In all configurations of the machine, in an advantageous configuration, at least one substrate guide element 409 can be configured in the second substrate path 400 as a measuring roller 409, so that, for example, the web tension can be measured, for example, by the individual modules 100; 100 * 600 or in particular one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. * In the substrate path section of the second substrate path section 400, which is arranged downstream of the last or only application point and which is arranged upstream of the optionally provided calendering mechanism 600, in particular the optional calendering, at least one substrate guide element 409 is particularly preferably configured as a measuring roller 409, however not only in this substrate path section but also in the substrate path section arranged downstream of the provided calendering mechanism 600 in an advantageous embodiment. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate guide element 507 structurally assigned to the product recoiler 500 may be configured as a measuring roller 507 arranged downstream of the calendering mechanism 600 in the substrate path.

[0204] Adhering stage 100;100 * In order to be able to ensure an optimal substrate travel through the *Directly behind, but before the optionally provided calendering mechanism 600, there is provided a substrate guide element 401 configured as a motor-driven tensioning roller 401. This may, for example, be provided in a tensioning mechanism 411 which, in addition to the tensioning roller 401 itself, also has a drive means, for example in the form of a servomotor, which drives the tensioning roller 401, in particular independently of the other tensioning rollers, and which can be controlled in a closed loop and / or an open loop in terms of speed, and / or a pressure roller which can be applied against the tensioning roller 401 to increase friction. In this case, the roller 401 or the drive means can in principle also be operated by generator drive or with a suppression of the feed of the carrier substrate web 006, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing upstream and downstream of the roller 401, but in this case it is necessary to motor-drive the carrier substrate web 006, i.e., to move the carrier substrate web 006 in the conveying direction T, in order to build up and / or maintain web tension on the substrate path section located upstream. S 301 and / or the peripheral speed of the last or only laminating roller 107; 107' or pair of laminating rollers 107; 107'.

[0205] Alternatively or additionally, in a preferred configuration, the deposition stages 100, 100 * In the second substrate path 400 downstream of the deposition stage 100; * Between the calendering mechanism 600 and the module 100, which is advantageously provided, a closed loop control device 406 for web tension compensation and / or web tension (for example, as exemplarily shown in FIG. 15 for all configurations) is provided, for example with a dancer roller 407 spring-loaded or force-biased on a lever or guide perpendicular to the substrate path, which allows, for example, to compensate for web tension variations and / or to control the web tension of the module 100, 100, which is located upstream or downstream. *;600 or in particular the conveying speed of one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502 can be adjusted in particular via the deflection of the dancer roller 407.

[0206] For example, the deposition steps 100, 100 in the substrate path * The machine exemplarily shown in FIG. 17, which is designed without a calendering module 600 arranged downstream of the calendering unit 600, may optionally be provided with some or all of the devices and / or substrate guiding elements 202; 203; 208; 307; 308; 401; 404; 409; 502; 503 described in FIG. 15 or FIG. 16, except for the calendering unit 600. For example, the first substrate path section 300 is provided with the dancer roller 203 and / or at least one tensioning roller 308 and / or at least one web tension measuring roller 307 and / or the temperature conditioning station 306, and the second substrate path section 400 is provided with the web tension measuring roller 409 and / or a cooling device 402, in particular at least one cooling roller 402.1; 402.2, at least one tensioning roller 401 and / or at least one inspection device 403 for detecting defects and / or defect locations and / or a measuring station 408 for determining the product web thickness and / or a device 412 for marking defect locations and / or at least one dancer roller 503. Furthermore, in the second substrate path section 400, a cleaning station 414 for removing loose particles and residues from the surface may be provided, which may be advantageously provided in other embodiments as well, for example as shown by way of example in Figure 17, and / or a measuring device 413 for determining the basis weight FG, which may be advantageously provided in other embodiments as shown by way of example in Figure 18.

[0207] The measuring device 413 for determining the basis weight FG is preferably based on an ultrasonic measuring system 413.1, 413.2 or a sensor unit 413.1, 413.2. Preferably, an ultrasonic transmitter 413.1 is provided on the substrate path on the first substrate path side, thereby transmitting ultrasonic waves to the product stream 002, and a receiver 413.2 is provided on the same or, preferably, opposite side of the substrate path, thereby detecting reflected ultrasonic waves on the same side and transmitted ultrasonic waves on the opposite side. In both cases, quantities correlating with and / or representing the basis weight can be determined via transmission and / or reflection behavior, and, with appropriate calibration, the basis weight value can be determined. In an advantageous configuration, the sensor units 413.1, 413.2 are configured to determine the basis weight value continuously or at several points in the width direction, i.e., transversely to the substrate path, over a length, for example, corresponding to at least half the width of the substrate stream and symmetrical to the center of the substrate path. For example, a plurality of individual ultrasonic emitters 413.1 and / or receivers 413.2 are arranged side by side across a width corresponding to, for example, half the width of the substrate web 002, viewed transversely to the conveying direction, or an extended ultrasonic emitter 413.1 and / or receiver 413.2 is provided with a corresponding width. In an advantageous refinement, a deflection roller around which the product web 002 is at least slightly wrapped is provided on the substrate path before and after the measurement point provided by the ultrasonic emitter 413.1. To achieve the desired conditions, the distance in the substrate path between the measurement point and each deflection roller corresponds in each case to, for example, at most twice the width of the web, preferably at most the width of the web.

[0208] As explained above, the measuring device 413 or the measuring systems 413.1; 413.2 it comprises includes the control circuit R' for closed-loop control of the basis weight FG by varying the ratio of the peripheral speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103'). FG or the control circuit R for closed-loop control of basis weight FG by varying the gap width. FGAs a component of the method, a determined measurement value for basis weight can be provided.

[0209] For all configurations and variants of the machine described herein, the application stage 100; * In the case of a calendering mechanism 600;600 provided in a substrate path downstream of a single or last calendering mechanism 600;600 in a substrate path arranged downstream of the first or last calendering mechanism 600;600, an embodiment is particularly advantageous in which a measuring station 408 is provided in the product receiving section for determining the thickness, in particular the total thickness, of the product stream before it is combined into a product bundle 501 (for example, as exemplarily shown in Figures 15, 16 and 17 for all configurations).

[0210] Instead of or in addition to the above-mentioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path section 400, such or further cooling devices 402; 504 may also be provided in a substrate path section associated with the product receiver 500 or in its structure. Such cooling devices 504 may, for example, be formed by substrate guide elements 504 formed as cooling rollers 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504 in the second substrate path section 400 or structurally associated with the product receiver 500 may also be formed by one or more continuously partially wound temperature-regulated cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2.

[0211] In a refinement, a sensor 508 for determining the temperature of the products 002, in particular the product web 002, can be provided in the substrate path downstream of the optionally provided calendering mechanism 600, but at the latest before the unwinder, for example before winding in the product recoiler 500, e.g. downstream of the optionally provided cooling device 504. The sensor 508 can be, for example, formed as a temperature sensor 508, in particular as a temperature sensor 311 operating contactlessly and / or radioactively, and / or can be a component of a control circuit for regulating the temperature, if an optionally provided cooling device 504 is provided.

[0212] In an advantageous configuration, the product receiver 500 is configured as a product recoiler 500, in particular in the manner of a roll changer 500.

[0213] Preferably, the product recoiler 500 is suitable for non-stop roll change and / or comprises a substrate guide element 502 configured as a motor-driven tension roller 502 as described above and / or a substrate guide element 503 in the form of a dancer roller 507, e.g., spring-loaded or force-biased on a lever or guide perpendicular to the substrate path.

[0214] In order to be able to ensure an optimal substrate run between the optionally provided calendering mechanism 600 and winding on the product recoiler 500, in an advantageous configuration substrate guide elements 401; 502 configured as motor-driven tension rollers 401; 502 can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or in the substrate path section associated with the product recoiler 500. This can be provided, for example, in tensioning mechanisms 411; 506 which, in addition to the tensioning rollers 401; 502, have drive means, for example in the form of servomotors, which drive the tensioning rollers 401; 502, in particular independently of the other tensioning rollers, and which can be controlled in a closed-loop and / or open-loop manner with regard to speed, and / or have pressure rollers which can be pressed against the tensioning rollers 401; 502 to increase friction.

[0215] In particular, in a machine configuration having, for example, a calendering mechanism 600, which is particularly advantageous for stable and trouble-free in-line continuous operation, the first substrate path section is from the position where the substrate is unwound from the substrate roll 201 in the substrate uncoiler 200 to the application stage 100; * a first substrate path section located between the first lamination gap 107; 107' and the first substrate path section, and a second substrate path section, * the location of the exit of the carrier substrate web provided with the dry film 003;003' on at least one side from the single or downstream last lamination gap 107;107'; and the calendering mechanism 600;600 *In the case of a configuration with at least one forced-drive tension roller 202; 308; 401; 502 and / or at least one measuring roller 208; 307; 409 for determining the web tension are provided both at the entry to the calendering nip between the two calendering rollers 601; 602 and in the second substrate path section located therebetween. * In an advantageous refinement of the configuration having the above, a third substrate path section located between the position of exit from the calendering gap of the carrier substrate web 006 provided with a dry film 003; 003' on at least one side and the position of winding onto the product roll 501 in the product recoiler 500 is also provided with a forced transmission tension roller 502 and / or measuring roller 409; 507 for determining the tension of the web.

[0216] Preferably, an open-loop control device for the web tension (not shown here) is provided, on the inlet side of which the measuring rollers 208; 307; 409 provided in the first or second of said substrate path sections are located, respectively, and on the outlet side of which a drive control device for controlling the roller drive of the tensioning rollers 202; 308; 401 provided in the first or second of said substrate path sections is located, respectively, and which in particular has data processing and / or electronic switching means, which are configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two substrate path sections, respectively, by corresponding control of the drive control device for driving one or more tensioning rollers 202; 308; 401 in each of the two substrate path sections. In an improved embodiment, the open-loop control device for the web tension may further comprise a drive control device on the inlet side for each of the measuring rollers 409; 507 provided in the third substrate path section, and on the outlet side for controlling the drive of the tension roller 512 of the tension roller 502 provided in the third substrate path section, which drive control device can also be used to adjust, for example, a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference relative to the substrate path section arranged upstream.

[0217] Generally, and in particular, the deposition stage 100; 100 * The above description of the signal connections and open loop control of the web tension for the tensioning rollers 202; 308; 401; 502 and the measuring rollers 208; 307; 409 also applies to machine configurations that do not have a calendering mechanism downstream of the payout section and the application section 100; 100. * At least one measuring and / or at least one tension roller 208; 307; 202; 308 in the first substrate path section between the first application point by the application stage 100; 100 * and at least one measuring and / or at least one tensioning roller 409; 507; 401; 502 in the substrate path section between the pass of the only or last point of dry film deposition by the roll recoiler 500 and the unwinding point in the roll recoiler 500.

[0218] By means of the dancer rollers 203; 407; 503 and the control circuitry provided therewith, for example, integrated into the open-loop control of the web tension, for example, variations in the web tension can be compensated or adjusted, and / or the upstream or downstream modules 100; 100 * 600 or in particular one or more of the conveying speeds of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, such as the drive of the upstream-arranged substrate uncoiler 200 or the downstream-arranged substrate recoiler 500 or the upstream- or downstream-arranged tensioning rollers 202; 308; 401; 502, can be adjusted in particular via the deflection of the dancer roller 407, which is, for example, spring-loaded on a lever or guide perpendicular to the substrate path, in particular pneumatically or elastically biased with a force against the effective direction of the web tension of the substrate web 006 (or product string 002) looped around the roller.

[0219] The tension rollers 203; 308; 401; 502 may, for example, be provided with a drive motor, in particular a servomotor, which can be controlled in a closed-loop and / or open-loop manner with regard to speed, and / or may cooperate with one or more pressure elements, for example pressure rollers, for example in order to improve the conveying behavior, and / or may be operated by motor drive depending on the position in the substrate path, for example to generate or maintain upstream web tension, or by generator drive, for example to generate or maintain downstream web tension, i.e. with a braking effect, and / or may be provided, for example as an adjusting element, in a control circuit which adjusts the web tension and is, for example, integrated into the above-mentioned open-loop control device for the web tension.

[0220] As an alternative to the machine configuration with the product receiving section 500 configured as a roll recoiler 500, in a particularly advantageous configuration, a cross-cutting device can be provided at the entrance to the second substrate path 400 or the product receiving section 500, so that the product stream 002 produced in the machine can be cross-cut already within the product section 001. In this case, the product receiving section 500 is configured, for example, as a stack laying device, in particular as a multi-stack laying device, which lays several stacks one after the other.

[0221] the above machines and / or equipment 100;100 * In the method, for example, a dry film 003; 003' having a width smaller than the width of the carrier substrate is continuously applied to a web-like carrier substrate 006, preferably on both sides, so that uncoated edges of the carrier substrate remain on both sides. [Explanation of symbols]

[0222] 001 Product, final product, product category, electrode unit, electrode 002 Products, intermediate products, product continuum, electrode continuum 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free) 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free) 004 Materials, powders, powder mixtures (especially dry) 004' Materials, powders, powder mixtures (especially dry) 005 - 006 Carrier substrate, carrier substrate web, current collector substrate, current collector sheet, web-like 007 Bond promoters or bond generators, primers, binders, adhesives 007' Bond promoters or bond generators, primers, binders, adhesives 008 Part, material strip, edge strip 100 Apparatus for coating, coating device, application stage, module, lamination module, lamination unit 100 * Apparatus for coating, coating device, application stage, module, laminating module, laminating unit 101 application mechanism, first 101' application mechanism, second 102 Roller, first metering roller 102' Roller, first metering roller 103 Roller, second, laminating roller, counter pressure roller 103' Roller, second, laminating roller, counter pressure roller 104 gap, first, film forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, nip 104' gap, first, film forming gap, metering gap, roller gap, nip 105 - 106 Roller, counter pressure roller 106' Roller, counter pressure roller 107 gap, second, deposition gap, lamination gap 107' gap, second, deposition gap, lamination gap 108 - 109 Adjustment drive, adjustment means, position base 109' Adjustment drive, adjustment means, position base 110 - 111 Adjustment drive, adjustment means, force base 111' Adjustment drive, adjustment means, force base 112 Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, linear bearing 112' Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, linear bearing 113 Adjustment mechanism, support mechanism, triple race bearing 113' Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, triple race bearing 114 Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 114' Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 115 - 116 Removal device, doctor, side edge doctor 116' Removal device, doctor, side edge doctor 117 Collection equipment, collection tank 117' Collection device, collection tank 118 Roller, further, calendering roller 118' Roller, further, calendering roller 119 Abutment means, wedge-shaped stopper 120 - 121 Substrate guide elements, guide rollers, deflection rollers 122 Support, side part (lower frame) 122' Support, side part (lower frame) 123 Suction part 123' Suction part 124 Partition, side shield 125 - 126 Injection and / or storage space 127 Material Removal Section 127' Material removal section 128 Frame (covered stage) 128.1 Partial frame, first 128.2 Partial frame, second 128.3 Sub-frames, further or third 128.4 Partial frame, 4th 129 Removal devices, doctors, cleaning doctors 129' Removal device, doctor, cleaning doctor 130 - 131 Frame wall 131.1 Frame wall 131.2 Frame wall 131.3 Frame wall 131.4 Frame wall 132 Drive means, stroke or position based, motor, open-loop and / or closed-loop controllable with respect to position 132' Drive means, stroke or position based, motor, open loop and / or closed loop controllable with respect to position 133 Drive means, force bases, cylinder-piston systems, motors, open-loop and / or closed-loop controllable with respect to torque 133' Drive means, force base, cylinder-piston system, motor, open-loop and / or closed-loop controllable with respect to torque 134 Temperature control fluid conduit 135 - 136 Cross beam, bottom plate 137 Cross beam, lateral support 138 Guide section, rail piece, guide, rail 139 Support legs 140 - 141 Adjustment devices, tension devices, tension devices 142 Piston rod 143 Pressing and / or Tension Plates 144 Pressing and / or Tension Plates 145 frame structure, bottom plate 146 Adjusting and / or driving means, adjusting drives 147 Bearing Block 148 Drive means, rotary, drive motor, speed-controllable in closed or open loop, servo motor 149 Drive means, rotary, drive motor, speed controllable in closed or open loop, servo motor 150 - 151 Bearings, radial bearings 153 Bearings, rolling elements, sliding elements 154 Bearing surface 155 Adjusting motors, electric, hydraulic 156 Open-loop control and / or closed-loop control devices, closed-loop control devices 157 Sensor unit (gap width) 157.1 Sensors 157.2 Sensors 158 Pressure medium conduit 159 Pressure medium conduit 159 Valve 160 - 161 Evaluation Tools 162 part, roller pin (102) 163 Roller pin(103) 164 Adjustment means, multi-way valve (switchable), pump (switchable) 165 Adjustment devices, tension devices, and tension devices 166 cylinders 167 Piston 168 Chamber 169 Chamber 170 - 171 Controller 172 Sensor unit, measuring device (layer thickness) 172.1 Sensors 173 Open-loop and / or closed-loop control means, drive controllers 174 Controller 175 - 176 Adjustment drive, electromagnet 177 Pressure Sensor 200 Substrate supply section, substrate uncoiler, roll exchanger 201 Roll, base material roll 202 Substrate guide elements, rollers, tension rollers, forced transmission type 203 Substrate guide element, dancer roller 204 Web edge control section 205 - 206 Bonding device, bonding table 207 Tension mechanism, retraction mechanism 208 Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller 300 substrate path section, conveying section, first, upstream side, supply side 301 Substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers 302 Pretreatment Station, Cleaning Station, Deionization Station 303 Measuring Station (Carrier Substrate Thickness) 304 Pre-treatment station, deposition station 305 - 306 Pretreatment Station, Thermal, Temperature Conditioning Station, Infrared Radiation Source 307 Substrate guide elements, measuring rollers, web tension measuring rollers 308 Substrate guide elements, rollers, tension rollers, forced drive type 309 Tension Mechanism 310 - 311 Sensors, Temperature Sensors 400 substrate path section, conveying section, second, downstream side, discharge side 401 Substrate guide elements, rollers, tension rollers, forced transmission type 402 Cooling device 402 * Cooling equipment (alternative or additional) 403 Inspection Equipment 404 Substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers 405 - 406 Web Tension Compensation and / or Closed Loop Control Device for Web Tension 407 Dancerola 408 Measuring Station (Product Continuum Thickness) 409 Substrate guide elements, measuring rollers, web tension measuring rollers 410 - 411 Tension Mechanism 412 Defect marking 500 Product receiving section, product recoiler, roll exchanger 501 Product bundles, rolls, product rolls 502 Substrate guide element, tension roller, forced drive type 503 Dancer Roller 504 Cooling device, substrate guide element, roller, cooling roller 504.1 Cooling rollers 504.2 Cooling rollers 505 - 506 Tension Mechanism 507 Substrate guide elements, measuring rollers, web tension measuring rollers 508 Sensor, Temperature Sensor 600 Calendering mechanism, module, calendering module 600 * Calendering mechanism (alternative or additional), module, calendering module 601 Roller, calendering roller, first, heated 601 * Roller, calendering roller, first (alternative or additional) 602 Roller, calendering roller, second, heated 602 * Roller, calendering roller, second (alternative or additional) 603 Frame (calendar processing mechanism) 700 Apparatus for feeding powdered materials, powder feeding apparatus 700' Apparatus for feeding powdered materials, powder feeding apparatus b Width b151 Support width d thickness, layer thickness b003 width(003;003') b006 Width(006) b008 width(008) d003 Thickness, layer thickness (003) d003' Thickness, layer thickness (003') d006 Thickness (006) d008 Thickness, layer thickness (008) G plane K arc α angle, inclination P Pressure fluid source R reservoir R S Radius (circling movement) s1 Switching state, Maintain switching state s2 Switching state, passing state s3 Switching state, passing state s4 Switching state, basic switching state R102 rotation axis R102' rotation axis R103 Rotation axis R103' rotation axis R106 Rotation axis R106' rotation axis S Swivel axis T S Conveying direction (product continuum 002, carrier substrate 006)

Claims

1. An apparatus (100; 100) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a powdered material (004). ＊ ) and at least one first application mechanism (101; 101') comprising a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103), said first roller (102; 102') and said second roller (103) forming a first nip (104; 104') serving for film formation in the nip between their peripheral surfaces, through which a powdery material (004) can be conveyed, during which a first dry film (003) is formed, said first application mechanism (101; 101') and a roller (103'; 106) serving as a counter pressure roller (103'; 106). and a roller (103'; 106) which, together with the second roller (103) or with a further roller which follows indirectly or directly downstream in the direction of material flow relative to the second roller (103), forms a second nip (107), through which a substrate path is provided, through which a carrier substrate web (106) to be coated can be guided during operation and on which a first side of the carrier substrate web (106) can be provided with the dry film (106) formed in the first nip (104). ＊ In order to adjust the roller gap (104; 107) between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') arranged adjacent to each other and capable of relative movement, at least one tensioning device (141; 165) with a drive means (132; 133) is provided on the frame side, by means of which both rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') can be moved or compressed in the adjustment direction toward each other and can be moved away from each other again or at least can be decompressed again, and the tensioning device (141; 165) with the drive means (132; 133) can adjust the roller gap (104; 107) between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') adjacent to each other and can be moved away from each other again or at least can be decompressed again, and the tensioning device (141; 165) with the drive means (132; 133) can adjust the roller gap (104; 107) between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') and a tensioning device (141; 165) that acts on the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') with both working ends thereof to provide the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') with an adjusting force directed towards each other in order to adjust the gap (104; 104') between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103'), wherein the first gap (104) between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') is positionally adjustable by the tensioning device (141; 165), i.e. to a constant and / or defined gap width (b1904). ＊ ).

2. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuating means (132; 133) are formed as a cylinder-piston system (132; 133) capable of providing a pressure fluid.

3. The cylinder-piston system (132; 133) is provided with adjusting means (164; 164) fluidically connected to the cylinder-piston system (132; 133). ＊ ) via the adjusting means (164; 164 ＊ 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the device is supplied with or is capable of being supplied with pressure fluid from a pressure fluid source (P) connected to the inlet side of the pressure vessel (10), said pressure fluid source (P) providing and / or being able to provide pressure fluid having a pressure of at least 100 bar or 10 MPa.

4. Means for emergency shut-off are provided, which comprise a pressure sensor (177) provided in a first conduit path supplying pressure fluid to the cylinder-piston system (132; 133) when one or the first roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') is pressed against the other adjacent or second roller (102; 103; 102'; 103'), and a signal connected to the pressure sensor, mounted on control means.

3. The device according to claim 2, further comprising a logic circuit which, when the one roller (102; 103; 102'; 103') is pressed against the other adjacent roller (102; 103; 102'; 103'), causes the pressure in the first conduit path to rise above a threshold value, and then switches to an operating mode in which the pressure medium supply to the cylinder-piston system (132; 133) is switched off or cut off.

5. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioning device (141; 165) comprises a force-based operated or operable adjusting drive (111; 111') with a cylinder-piston system (133) to which pressure fluid can be supplied as a drive means (133) for position-based adjustment of the first gap (104; 104') and an adjusting mechanism (112; 112'; 113; 113') into which a positionable stop (119) can be inserted for position limiting.

6. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the adjustment path, at least towards the relevant side, is defined by a stop (119) that is adjustable via adjusting and / or drive means (146), the stop (119) defining an end position, relative to which the component to be adjusted in terms of its position is adjusted or adjustable by drive means (132; 133).

7. 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the positionable stop (119) is formed as a screw-thread-based stop (119) or as a wedge-based abutment means (119).

8. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioning device (141; 165) comprises as drive means (132) a drive means (132) that is closed-loop controllable in terms of the position of the driven means on the outlet side and / or a hydraulic drive device (132, 164, 171) that is closed-loop controlled or closed-loop controllable in terms of position or position and that can be supplied with pressure fluid, for position-based adjustment of the first gap (104; 104').

9. 9. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 8, characterized in that the tensioning device (141) has a double-acting hydraulic cylinder-piston system (132) that can be or is closed-loop controlled via a directional control valve (164) to adjust and / or keep constant the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104).

10. The directional control valve (164) comprises a closed-loop control circuit (R 1 ) together with the cylinder-piston system (132) as an actuator, a sensor unit (157) for detecting the gap width (b104) or a quantity correlated to and / or representative of the gap width (b104), and a controller (171) for closed-loop control of the directional control valve (164) as an adjusting member based on the results provided by the sensor unit (157). ｂ ) is a component of the closed loop control circuit (R ｂ ), the gap width (b104) is set to the target gap width (b104 ｓｏｌｌ ) or the target gap width (b104 ｓｏｌｌ ) and / or the target gap width (b104 ｓｏｌｌ 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that it is or is closed-loop controllable to reach and / or maintain a target quantity representing (i.e., (ii) the amount of heat generated by the heat source) of the heat source.

11. 9. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the rollers (102; 103; 106) forming the gap (104; 107) between them are supported on both sides by structural walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of different sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), and the tensioning device (141; 165) acts on the structural walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of both rollers (102; 103; 106) forming the corresponding gap (104, 107) between them.

12. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the partial frame (128.1) supporting the second or further roller (103) of the first application mechanism (101) is mounted rigidly relative to the space or frame, and the partial frames (128.3; 128.2) supporting the first roller (102) and the counter-pressure roller (106) are mounted in an adjustable distance relative to the second or further roller (103) which is arranged rigidly relative to the space or frame.

13. 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the adjustably supported sub-frames (128.3; 128.2) are movably supported in linear guides (112; 112').

14. The roller (103') effective as a counter-pressure roller (103') is simultaneously a laminating roller (103') and forms part of a second application mechanism (101') located on the other side of the substrate path, the second application mechanism (101') comprising a first roller (102') of the second application mechanism (101'), the first roller (102') of the second application mechanism (101') together with the laminating roller (103') effective as a counter-pressure roller (103') or with a further roller of the second application mechanism (101') located between them.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a first nip (104; 104') through which a powdered material (004) can be conveyed; and a second dry film (003) can be formed, the second dry film (003) being applied within the second nip (107) via the laminating roller (103') of the second application mechanism (101') to a second surface of the carrier substrate (106) that is guided through the second nip (107) via a conveying path during operation.

15. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one tensioning device (141; 165) with drive means (132; 133) acts indirectly or directly on both sides between the two rollers (102'; 103') forming the first gap (104') of the second application mechanism (101'), by means of which the two rollers (102; 103; 106) participating in the corresponding gap (104; 107) are movable towards each other and / or can apply a force directed towards the two rollers (102; 103; 106) towards each other.

16. 16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that the first gap (104') between the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') of the second application mechanism (101') is positionally adjustable by the tensioning device (141; 165), i.e. to a constant and / or defined gap width (b1904).

17. 17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that it comprises the tensioning device (141; 165) according to claim 7 or claim 8.

18. 17. The device according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the rollers (102'; 103') forming the first gap (104') of the second application mechanism (101') are supported on both sides by frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of two different partial frames (128.2; 128.4), and the tensioning device (141; 165) acts on the frame walls (131.2; 131.4) of both rollers (102'; 103') forming the corresponding gap (104') between them.

19. 19. The device according to claim 18, characterized in that the partial frame (128.4) supporting the first roller (102') of the second application mechanism (101') is supported at a variable distance relative to the second roller (103') of the second application mechanism (103').

20. 9. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that for adjustment in the adjustment direction, a linear adjustment path is provided and / or a bearing mechanism (112; 112'; 113; 113') formed by a linear bearing (112; 112'; 113; 113') is provided.

21. The second gap (107; 107') between the counter-pressure roller (106; 106'; 103'; 103) and the second or further roller (103; 103') located between the first application mechanism (101; 101') is adjusted by at least one tensioning device (141; 165) effective between both rollers (103; 103'; 106) and having drive means (132; 133) to adjust the second gap (107; 107') between the counter-pressure roller (106; 106'; 103'; 103') and the further roller (103; 103') located between the first application mechanism (101; 101').

9. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the tensioning device (141; 165) is adjustable based on a tensioning force or line force, i.e. adjustable to a constant and / or defined tension or line force, and by means of the tensioning device (141; 165) the two rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') can be moved or pressed towards each other in the adjustment direction and can be moved away from each other again or at least can be depressurized again.

22. 22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that the tensioning device (141; 165) comprises, as drive means (133), a pressure-adjustable cylinder-piston system (133) for force-based adjustment of the second gap (107').

23. The first roller (102; 102') of the same application mechanism (101; 101') or a subframe (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) supporting the first roller (102; 102') is arranged or can be pivoted relative to the second roller (103; 103') about a pivot axis (S), which is connected to the first and / or second roller (102; 103; 9. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the rotation axes (R102; R103; R102; R103') of the first rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or the second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') extend perpendicular to the rotation axes (R102; R103; R102; R103') of the first rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or intersect with the rotation axes (R102; R103; R102; R103') of the second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103').

24. Between each two adjacent rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103'), one or more tensioning devices (141; 165) equipped with drive means (132; 133) act on the adjacent rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') with their respective working ends, so that the tensioning devices (141; 165) tension the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') between both adjacent rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103').

9. The device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that a relative movement between the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or a pulling force can be introduced which generates a pressing force between the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103'), i.e. the pulling device (141; 165) with the drive means (132; 133) pulls both rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') towards each other for pressing.

25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that the rollers (102; 103; 106) which form the respective gaps (104; 107) between them are supported on both sides by structural walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of different partial structures (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), and a tensioning device (141; 165) acts on the structural walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of both rollers (102; 103; 106) which form the corresponding gaps (104; 107) between them.

26. The device described in claim 11, characterized in that the partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) each comprise two frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4), which are rigidly, and possibly releasably, connected to each other via one or more lateral connections (136, 137).

27. ​​Between each two adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), one or more tensioning devices (141; 165) with drive means (132; 133) act on the adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) with their respective working ends, so that the tensioning devices (141; 165) tension the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') between the adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) or between the partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4).

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that a relative movement between the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') and / or a tensioning force can be introduced which generates a contact force between the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') or sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), i.e. the tensioning device (141; 165) with the drive means (132; 133) pulls both rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') or sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) towards each other for contacting.

28. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), which are arranged adjacent to each other and capable of relative movement, can be moved towards each other in the adjustment direction by at least one adjustment device (141; 165) provided with a drive means (132; 132'; 133; 133') and formed as a tensioning device (141; 165) on the frame side, or by two or at least two tensioning devices (141) on the frame side, and can be moved away from each other again or at least can be decompressed again.

29. In each of the two adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) which are mutually variable in the spacing and / or the contact force, the adjusting device (141; 165) acts on one of the partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) with two working ends which are mutually variable in the spacing, and adjusts the contact force of the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106') supported on the two adjacent partial frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4).

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the same plane (G), extending perpendicular to the axis of rotation (R102; R103, R102'; R103') of at least one of the rollers, intersects at least the effective support width (b151) of each of the rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106') supported on both sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), as viewed in the axial direction, and the working surface formed by each of the respective sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) in the region of the working end.

Images