Airborne pathogen neutralization method and system

Abstract

A sterilization device configured to reduce the concentration of pathogens in the air within a room is provided. The sterilization device includes a light-emitting element that emits germicidal radiation to form a sterilized zone. The sterilization device may include a housing that defines the sterilized zone, the housing being mounted on, around, or near an air-moving device. The sterilization device cooperates with the air-moving device to move unsterilized air into the sterilized zone and return sterilized air to the room. The housing may include an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication with each other, configured to allow air to enter and exit the sterilized zone while preventing germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilized zone.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of airborne pathogen neutralization, and more particularly to improved methods and systems for decontaminating airborne pathogens in indoor environments using germicidal UV light. [Background technology]

[0002] Aerosol transmission is now widely recognized as the primary method by which many pathogens, including those that cause COVID-19, spread, thus highlighting the importance of studying and controlling natural and mechanical forms of ventilation. However, outside of healthcare facilities, mechanical ventilation is designed for comfort, not airborne infection control, and cannot achieve the 6 to 12 air changes per hour recommended for airborne infection control. Despite the lack of convincing evidence that viruses spread through ventilation systems, more efficient air filters are recommended for ventilation ducts. Most transmission appears to occur in rooms where the source of infection and other susceptible occupants share the same air.

[0003] The only two conventional room-based technologies available to supplement mechanical ventilation are portable room air purifiers and room top germicidal UV (GUV) air disinfection. While portable room air purifiers can be effective, their performance is limited by their clean air delivery rate relative to the room volume.

[0004] Most pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, are highly susceptible to conventional GUV technology, which has been shown to provide ventilation equivalent to 10-20+ air changes per hour under real-life conditions in a safe, quiet, effective, and economical manner. GUVs cause UV-induced mutagenic DNA damage primarily through the formation of pyrimidine dimers and other secondary photoproducts of genetic material.

[0005] One option for utilizing UV irradiation for infection control is room-top ultraviolet germicidal (UR-UVG). Traditional UR-UVG devices are specially designed fixtures that typically contain low-pressure mercury-vapor UVC lamps. Three problems with current designs include: (1) mercury-vapor UVC lamps are only approximately 30% efficient at converting input power into ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation; (2) safety remains a major concern because ozone is a by-product; and (3) they are inflexible in design and cannot be manufactured to emit UV over a wide range of wavelengths. Furthermore, mercury-vapor discharge lamps emit radiation in all directions, and their efficiency drops significantly when the light needs to be aimed in a specific direction. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Despite extensive evidence over the years demonstrating the unquestioned effectiveness of conventional UR-UVG air disinfection systems, the lack of convincing solutions to address their highlighted limitations has been a significant barrier to their full acceptance, development, and wider implementation. Thus, there remains a need for safe, non-toxic, economically feasible, low-cost, low-maintenance, and effective methods and systems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to one aspect, a sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air of a room is provided, the sterilization device comprising: a housing defining a sterilization zone having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication, the housing configured to be mounted on, around, or near an air-moving device; and at least one light-emitting element configured to emit germicidal radiation within the sterilization zone, the inlet and outlet configured to allow air to enter the sterilization zone through the inlet and exit the sterilization zone through the outlet while preventing germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilization zone.

[0008] According to another aspect, a sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air of a room is provided, the sterilization device comprising: a housing defining a sterilization zone having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication, the housing configured to be mounted on, around, or near an air-moving device; at least one light-emitting element configured to emit germicidal radiation within the sterilization zone; and a first light-shielding plate coupled to the housing at the inlet, the first light-shielding plate configured to allow air to enter the sterilization zone through the inlet and to prevent germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilization zone.

[0009] According to another aspect, there is provided a sterilization device configured to cooperate with an air moving device to reduce the concentration of pathogens in the air in a room before the air is circulated or recirculated within the room by the air moving device, the sterilization device comprising: a housing defining a sterilization zone; and at least one light emitting element, the sterilization device including at least one light blocking plate configured to allow air circulated by the air moving device to pass in and out of the housing while preventing germicidal radiation from exiting the housing.

[0010] According to another aspect, there is provided a sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air of a room, the sterilization device comprising: a housing defining a sterilization zone; and at least one light-emitting element coupled within the housing and configured to emit germicidal radiation within the sterilization zone, the sterilization device configured to cooperate with an air-moving device to move air into the housing, through the germicidal radiation and the sterilization zone defined by the housing, and out of the housing.

[0011] According to another aspect, there is provided a pathogen neutralization system configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air of a room, the pathogen neutralization system comprising: an air moving device; a sterilization device comprising a housing and at least one light emitting element electronically coupled to an electronic component; and a power source configured to provide power to the electronic component, wherein the sterilization device is configured to cooperate with the air moving device to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air before the air is circulated or recirculated in the room by the air moving device.

[0012] According to another aspect, there is provided a sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air of a room, the sterilization device comprising: a support assembly configured to be mounted to an upper portion of the room; and a light-emitting assembly electronically coupled to the support assembly and comprising a light-emitting element configured to emit germicidal radiation, the sterilization device configured to cooperate with an air-moving device to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air before the air is circulated or recirculated within the room by the air-moving device.

[0013] According to another aspect, there is provided a sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air within a room, the sterilization device comprising: a support assembly configured to be mounted to an upper portion of the room, the support assembly comprising a circuit board; a light-emitting assembly comprising a light-emitting element electronically coupled to the circuit board; and a protective skirt configured to surround at least a portion of the light-emitting assembly and define a sterilization zone together with the light-emitting assembly, wherein the protective skirt comprises a plurality of openings, each of the plurality of openings configured to cooperate with an air-moving device to direct air into the sterilization zone, and the light-emitting element configured to emit sterilizing radiation within the sterilization zone.

[0014] According to another aspect, there is provided a sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air of a room, the sterilization device comprising: a light-emitting assembly including a light-emitting element configured to emit germicidal radiation and a circuit board configured to be attached to an air-moving device; and a mounting assembly operably coupled to the light-emitting assembly and configured to be attached to a shaft of the air-moving device, the sterilization device configured to cooperate with the air-moving device to move air through a sterilized zone defined by the germicidal radiation.

[0015] According to another aspect, there is provided a pathogen neutralization system configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air of a room, the pathogen neutralization system comprising: an air moving device; a sterilization device comprising a circuit board assembly and a light emitting assembly electronically coupled to the circuit board assembly; and a power source configured to provide power to the circuit board assembly, wherein the sterilization device is configured to cooperate with the air moving device to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air before the air is circulated or recirculated in the room by the air moving device.

[0016] According to another aspect, there is provided a method of reducing a concentration of pathogens in the air of a room using an air moving device, the method including the steps of: installing a sterilization device having a light emitting assembly configured to emit germicidal radiation that defines a sterilized zone; installing the sterilization device proximate to the air moving device such that the air is exposed to the sterilized zone before being circulated through the room; circulating the air using the air moving device; and exposing the air to the sterilized zone.

[0017] Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which show, by way of example, exemplary embodiments thereof. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a room having an airborne pathogen neutralization system according to one embodiment. [Figure 2A]FIG. 1 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of a GUV device coupled to an air moving device. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B is a partially transparent side perspective view of the GUV device shown in FIG. 2A. [Figure 2C] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional side view of the GUV device shown in FIG. 2A coupled to an air-moving device coupled to a ceiling. [Figure 2D] FIG. 2B is a partially transparent cross-sectional side view of the GUV device shown in FIG. 2A coupled to an air-moving device coupled to a ceiling. [Figure 2E] FIG. 2B is a partially transparent top cross-sectional view of the interior of the GUV device shown in FIG. 2A, viewed from the ceiling. [Figure 2F] FIG. 2B is a top cross-sectional view of the interior of the GUV device shown in FIG. 2A, viewed from the ceiling. [Figure 3A] FIG. 1 is an enlarged side perspective view of a louver according to one embodiment. [Figure 3B] 3B is an exemplary schematic side view of the louver of FIG. 3A illustrating air and light movement. [Figure 4A] 10 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a louver having no overlap between the first plate and the second plate. FIG. [Figure 4B] 10 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a louver having no overlap between the first plate and the second plate. FIG. [Figure 4C] 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a louver according to an embodiment having an overlap between a first plate and a second plate. [Figure 5] 10 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a louver according to another embodiment. [Figure 6] 10 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a louver according to another embodiment. [Figure 7] 10 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a louver according to another embodiment. [Figure 8] 10 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a louver according to another embodiment. [Figure 9A] FIG. 10 is an exploded side view of a louver according to another embodiment. [Figure 9B] FIG. 9B is a side perspective view of the louver shown in FIG. 9A. [Figure 9C] FIG. 9B is a side cross-sectional view of the louver shown in FIG. 9A. [Figure 9D] FIG. 9B is a bottom perspective view of the louver shown in FIG. 9A. [Figure 10A] FIG. 10 is a side perspective view of a louver according to another embodiment. [Figure 10B] FIG. 10B is a side perspective view of the louver shown in FIG. 10A. [Figure 10C] FIG. 10B is a top perspective view of the louver shown in FIG. 10A. [Figure 11A] FIG. 10 is a side perspective view of a GUV device according to another embodiment coupled to an air-moving device. [Figure 11B] FIG. 11B is a cross-sectional side view of the GUV device of FIG. 11A showing the air-moving device coupled to the ceiling. [Figure 12A] FIG. 10 is a side perspective view of a GUV device according to another embodiment coupled to the periphery of an air-moving device. [Figure 12B] FIG. 12B is an enlarged perspective view of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A. [Figure 12C] FIG. 12B is a front view of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A with the side panels removed to show the interior of the GUV device. [Figure 12D] FIG. 12D is a front perspective view of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12C. [Figure 13] FIG. 12B is a side view of a louver used in the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A. [Figure 14A] FIG. 12B is a front perspective view of an air-moving device coupled to the top panel of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A. [Figure 14B] FIG. 12B is a front perspective view of an opposing side panel coupled to the top panel of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A. [Figure 14C] FIG. 12B is a bottom perspective view of the side panel of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A. [Figure 14D] FIG. 12B is a bottom perspective view of the top panel of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A. [Figure 14E] FIG. 14D is a bottom perspective view of the side panel shown in FIG. 14C joined to the top panel shown in FIG. 14D. [Figure 14F] FIG. 12B is a front perspective view of the remaining side panel coupled to the top panel of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A. [Figure 14G] FIG. 14C is a bottom perspective view of the light emitting device coupled to the opposing side panels shown in FIG. 14B. [Figure 14H] FIG. 14C is a bottom perspective view of the light emitting device coupled to the opposing side panels shown in FIG. 14B. [Figure 14I] FIG. 12B is a bottom perspective view of the bottom panel coupled to the side panel of the GUV device shown in FIG. 12A. [Figure 14J] FIG. 14J is an enlarged view of a portion of the bottom panel shown in FIG. 14I in enlarged area 14J. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a room with the GUV apparatus shown in FIG. 12 coupled to the ceiling of the room. [Figure 16A] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an embodiment of a GUV device attached to the shaft of an air moving device. [Figure 16B] FIG. 16B is an exploded view of the GUV device shown in FIG. 16A. [Figure 17A] 18B is a side perspective view of a first clip portion according to one embodiment that forms a mechanical clip with the second clip portion shown in FIG. 18A. [Figure 17B] FIG. 17B is a front plan view of the first clip portion shown in FIG. 17A. [Figure 17C] FIG. 17B is a top plan view of the first clip portion shown in FIG. 17A. [Figure 17D] FIG. 17B is a front plan view of the first clip portion shown in FIG. 17A. [Figure 18A] 17B is a side perspective view of a second clip portion according to one embodiment that forms a mechanical clip with the first clip portion shown in FIG. 17A. [Figure 18B] FIG. 18B is a front plan view of the second clip portion shown in FIG. 18A. [Figure 18C] FIG. 18B is a top plan view of the second clip portion shown in FIG. 18A. [Figure 18D] FIG. 18B is a front plan view of the second clip portion shown in FIG. 18A. [Figure 19A] FIG. 10 is a front plan view of one embodiment of a skirt portion configured to be joined to another skirt portion to form a protective skirt. [Figure 19B] FIG. 19B is a top plan view of the skirt portion shown in FIG. 19A. [Figure 19C] FIG. 19B is a front perspective view of the skirt portion shown in FIG. 19A. [Figure 19D] FIG. 19B is a top perspective view of the skirt portion shown in FIG. 19A. [Figure 20A] FIG. 10 is a front view of another embodiment of a protective skirt designed to prevent the accumulation of dust. [Figure 20B] FIG. 10 is a front view of another embodiment of a protective skirt portion configured to facilitate the evacuation of debris from a GUV device. [Figure 20C] FIG. 20C is a bottom perspective view of the protective skirt portion shown in FIG. 20B. [Figure 21] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional front view of a GUV device according to another embodiment having a baffle. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a top plan view of the baffle shown in FIG. 21. [Figure 23] FIG. 10 is a graphical representation of a baffle for use with a GUV device according to another embodiment, showing the dimensions of the openings in the baffle. [Figure 24] 1 is a graphical representation of the emission cones of two light emitting elements when used with a baffle. [Figure 25] FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a room having an airborne pathogen neutralization system according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] It should be noted that throughout the accompanying drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals.

[0020] This specification discloses several systems and methods for using a germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) device to reduce the concentration of pathogens in the air within a room. The germicidal device is configured to cooperate with an air movement or circulation device, such as a fan, to deliver a germicidal dose of UV radiation to the air within the GUV device before the air exits the GUV device and is circulated or recirculated within the room. The germicidal device is configured to emit germicidal UV radiation that defines a germicidal area or irradiation zone. In some embodiments, the germicidal area or irradiation zone is defined by a housing having an inlet that allows air to enter the germicidal area while preventing germicidal UV radiation from exiting the housing to prevent room occupants from being exposed to the radiation. In other embodiments, the germicidal area is defined above or adjacent to a germicidal device installed above a room to prevent room occupants from being exposed to the radiation. One factor that reduces the concentration of pathogens in a room is the upward flow velocity (convective room air mixing) that transports pathogens in the occupancy zone (i.e., the lower part of the room) into the irradiation zone (sterilization area) defined by the housing or defined above or adjacent to the sterilizer.

[0021] Upwardly flowing air from the air moving device must travel through an inlet to enter the housing. Thus, the sterilization device can be configured to maximize the velocity of the upward flow through the inlet side into the housing (and thus into the sterilization zone) while eliminating or minimizing germicidal UV radiation exiting the housing (and thus into the occupancy zone). As described herein, cooperation between the air moving device and the inlet side of the housing can move contaminated air into the sterilization zone before the air is circulated or recirculated within the room.

[0022] 1A, an overall view of one embodiment of a pathogen neutralization system 101A for reducing the concentration of airborne pathogens in the air within a room 111 is shown. System 101A includes an exemplary germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) device 103 attached to an air-moving device 109 installed in the ceiling 107 of the room. Air-moving device 109 operates to draw air within the occupancy zone toward the ceiling and into the housing through an inlet, thereby entering the sterilized region. GUV device 103 emits germicidal UV radiation within the housing to irradiate the air within the housing, resulting in a reduction in the number of pathogens in irradiated air 115a, 115b exiting the housing through an outlet.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, air-moving device 109 is a ceiling fan operated to circulate air within room 111 by drawing air upward, such as by operating in reverse or clockwise at a slow speed, causing the air circulation pattern shown in FIG. 1A . The air circulation pattern causes central portion 113 to flow upward toward air-moving device 109 and through an inlet within germicidal UV device 103 into the irradiation zone. The air is then irradiated within the housing, and irradiated air 115a exits the housing upward toward the wall 117 of the room and downward toward the occupancy zone. In some embodiments, to facilitate irradiated air 115a exiting GUV device 103, the GUV device may be mounted on shaft 109a of air-moving device 109 such that a gap 202 exists between ceiling 107 and the outlet of GUV device 103. In other embodiments, the irradiated air 115b can exit the GUV device 103 radially (eg, GUV device 1200), so that the gap 202 between the ceiling and the exit is not required.

[0024] The air within the room 111 contains a certain number of pathogens 121 per liter. As the air circulates through the room, a certain amount of the air is transported to an irradiation zone within the housing. The GUV device 103 is configured to emit germicidal UV radiation within the housing, such that pathogens 121 in the air moving through the housing are irradiated by the GUV device 103. The germicidal UVC radiation at least partially neutralizes the pathogens 121 by destroying their molecular structure. Once neutralized, the pathogen molecular material can be recirculated by the air moving device 109, and the neutralized pathogens are no longer able to infect occupants of the room, thereby reducing transmission of infection between occupants within the room.

[0025] 1B, there is shown a general view of one embodiment of another embodiment of a pathogen neutralization system 101B for reducing the concentration of airborne pathogens in the air within a room 111. System 101B includes a germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) device 103B attached to an air-moving device 109 mounted on the ceiling 107 of the room. GUV device 103B emits germicidal UV radiation 105 upward toward the ceiling 107 of the room.

[0026] In the exemplary embodiment, air moving device 109 is a ceiling fan that circulates air within room 111 by drawing air downward, creating an air circulation pattern. The air circulation pattern causes a central portion 113 of air to move downward and a peripheral portion 115 of air adjacent to the walls 117 of the room to circulate upward. The air within room 111 contains a certain number of pathogens 121 per liter. As the air circulates within the room, a certain amount of air is transported to the upper portion of the room in the area between GUV device 103B and the ceiling 107 (i.e., above GUV device 103B). GUV device 103B is configured to emit germicidal UV radiation 105 toward the upper portion of the room, so that airborne pathogens 121 are irradiated by GUV device 103B. The germicidal UVC radiation 105 at least partially neutralizes pathogens 121 by disrupting their molecular structure. Once the pathogen molecular material is neutralized, it can be recirculated by the air moving device 109, and the neutralized pathogens will no longer be able to infect the occupants of the room, thus reducing transmission between occupants in the room.

[0027] The germicidal UV radiation can be emitted by one or more light-emitting elements, such as mercury discharge lamps, ultraviolet C (UVC) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), or other UVC radiation sources. Advantages of using UVC LEDs include their small size (e.g., 1 mm), lower operating voltage compared to mercury discharge lamps, and the ability to operate the LEDs at any power level below their rated maximum power.

[0028] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include a light-emitting assembly 260 coupled to light-emitting elements that emit UV radiation having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 380 nm or UVC radiation having a wavelength in the range of 200 nm to 280 nm. In some embodiments, the light-emitting elements can emit far-UV radiation having a wavelength in the range of 200 nm to 222 nm to further reduce the number of pathogens in the room. In some embodiments, the sterilization device may further include a second set of light-emitting elements that emit far-UV radiation outside the housing. One advantage of far-UV radiation is that wavelengths in this spectrum are not harmful to exposed human tissue. As a result, far-UV radiation can be safely emitted in any part of the room without the need for measurement or verification of exposure. Far-UV radiation is available in any direction, including downward toward the room's occupants. In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 has at least one light-emitting element that emits germicidal UVC radiation within the housing (i.e., shielded from the room occupants by the housing) and emits far-UV radiation below horizontal (i.e., toward the room occupants). By using both germicidal UVC radiation and far-UV radiation, a higher efficiency factor can be achieved in reducing the concentration of pathogens in the room.

[0029] In some embodiments, the air moving device may be an axial or centrifugal fan mounted on the ceiling or upper part of a wall. In some embodiments, the air moving device may include a fan or air circulation device forming part of a ventilation system, or a horizontal air moving device 110 mounted on a room wall 117. Depending on the type and location of the air moving device, the GUV device 103 may cooperate with other air flow patterns to circulate air in the room. When part of the system 101 or when retrofitting an existing air moving device, the type and placement of the air moving device should be considered, as the air flow pattern plays a key role in circulating an effective amount of air room particles through the housing (or around the GUV device and into the disinfection zone), thereby exposing them to the irradiation zone (i.e., disinfection area) generated by the GUV device 103 to neutralize pathogens 121 in the room.

[0030] In some embodiments, the sterilization device is a horizontal GUV device 123 configured to cooperate with a horizontal air moving device 110 that passes air through a housing of the horizontal GUV device 123, or a horizontal GUV device 123B that emits germicidal UV radiation 105 horizontally to neutralize pathogens 121 in the air at the top of the room before the air is recirculated by the air moving device 109.

[0031] The horizontal GUV device 123 may be mounted directly on the ceiling 107 or on top of a wall 117 within or near the air flow path of the horizontal air moving device 110, so that air flows through the inlet of the horizontal GUV device 123. The horizontal GUV device 123 may be mounted on one wall 117 and emit germicidal UV radiation within the housing of the horizontal GUV device 123 to define a disinfection zone for neutralizing pathogens 121. However, it should be noted that embodiments utilizing an air moving device 109 that generates a vertical airflow may be preferred as the vertical airflow pattern provides more protection against cross-infection between occupants in the room.

[0032] The horizontally emitting GUV device 123B may be installed on the ceiling 107 or the top of a wall 117. The horizontally emitting GUV device 123B may be installed on one wall 117 and emit germicidal UV radiation 105 in a substantially horizontal direction from the horizontally emitting GUV device 123B to the edge of the disinfection zone (i.e., at a distance from the GUV device 123B where the germicidal UV radiation 105 is no longer effective in neutralizing pathogens 121). In other embodiments, the system 101 may include horizontally emitting GUV devices 123B installed on two or more interior walls 117 of a room to define a disinfection zone on two or more sides. For example, the system 101 may include four horizontally emitting GUV devices 123B configured to direct germicidal UV radiation 105 toward the center of the room to define a disinfection zone including a horizontal plane at the top of the room. When germicidal UV radiation 105 is emitted horizontally, the direction of the germicidal UV radiation 105 must be considered to avoid directing the germicidal UV radiation 105 toward occupants in the lower part of the room. For example, horizontally emitting GUV device 123B may include a collimating element, such as a lens or concave mirror, to ensure that germicidal UV radiation beam 105 is properly collimated. The collimating element is configured to deflect germicidal UV radiation 105 toward the disinfection area and away from the lower portion of the room.

[0033] 2A-2F, a GUV device 200 is shown coupled above air moving device 109. GUV device 200 includes a housing 210 having an inlet 220 and an outlet 230 that are in fluid communication with one another such that air enters housing 210 axially through inlet 220 and exits axially through outlet 230. However, it is contemplated that outlet 230 could be positioned around or near a sidewall of housing 210 such that air enters housing 210 axially through inlet 220 and exits radially through outlet 230.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, inlet 220 and outlet 230 each include a shading plate 240 configured to retain germicidal UV light within housing 210 while allowing free movement of air so that occupants within the occupancy zone are not irradiated. However, it is contemplated that only inlet 230 includes a shading plate 240 to prevent germicidal UV radiation from being impeded from exiting or reflecting through outlet 230. In such an embodiment, exposure of room occupants to germicidal UV radiation may be reduced in several ways, such as having a very small gap 202 between ceiling 107 and outlet 230, painting the ceiling with a non-reflective or UV-absorbing paint such as zinc oxide paint with a UV reflectance level of about 4%, or including a cover around the ceiling shaft made of a non-reflective or UV-absorbing material.

[0035] 2C and 2D , the housing 210 defines an irradiation zone or sterilization region 212. Specifically, the housing 210 includes one or more panels that define a conduit from the inlet 220 to the outlet 230. When the light-shielding plate 240 is coupled to the housing 210, the GUV device 200 is configured to contain the irradiation zone or sterilization region 212 within the housing 210, such that germicidal UV radiation does not escape, but air can pass freely through the sterilization region 212 and exit the housing 210 as irradiated air. In some embodiments, the device may include at least one light-emitting assembly 260, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), coupled to light-emitting elements. The light-emitting assembly 260 or individual light-emitting elements may be coupled to an inner surface of the outer wall 210 a of the housing 210 and configured to emit germicidal UV radiation toward an inner wall 210 b that forms a conduit for receiving the shaft 109 a of the air-moving device 109. In other embodiments, the light emitting assembly 260 or light emitting elements can be coupled to the inner wall 210b of the housing 210 so that germicidal UV radiation is emitted toward the outer wall 210a. In some embodiments, the light emitting assembly 260 or individual light emitting elements can be coupled to both the outer wall 210a and the inner wall 210b. When coupled to the outer wall 210a and / or the inner wall 210b, the light emitting assembly 260 can emit light horizontally throughout the sterilization zone 212, such that air traveling through the conduit formed by the housing 210 must pass through the sterilization zone 212 to travel from the inlet 220 to the outlet 230. In other embodiments, the light emitting assembly 260 can be coupled to the top or bottom surface of the housing 210, such as on the light shielding plates 240 of the inlet 220 and / or outlet 230, so that the light emitting elements can emit light vertically through the sterilization zone 212. It is understood that the light emitting assemblies 260 or light emitting elements may be arranged within the housing 210 in any configuration that allows the germicidal UV radiation emitted from the light emitting elements to form the sterilized zone 212, such that air flowing from the inlet 220 to the outlet 230 must travel through the sterilized zone 212.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, light emitting assembly 260 is coupled to light blocking plate 240 within inlet 220. In this embodiment, airflow through disinfection zone 212 can be used to cool or dissipate heat from light emitting assembly 260. The light emitting elements used to emit germicidal UV radiation can emit radiation (light) in a very wide cone, such as about 120 degrees, so that some of the light being emitted is horizontal germicidal UV radiation.

[0037] In some embodiments, the inner surface of the outer wall 210a of the housing 210 may include a reflective surface configured to retain germicidal UV radiation within the housing 210. Providing a reflective inner surface of the housing 210 can increase the probability that germicidal UV radiation will interact with each air particle traveling through the housing 210. In some embodiments, the inner surface of the outer wall 210a is made of aluminum, which provides a reflective surface for germicidal UV radiation. In other embodiments, the inner surface of the outer wall 210a may include a non-reflective surface that absorbs germicidal UV radiation to prevent the germicidal UV radiation from reflecting toward the inside of the louvers 250 and then reflecting outside the housing 210. The non-reflective inner surface of the outer wall 210a may be particularly beneficial when the light-emitting assembly 260 is coupled to a sidewall of the housing 210, so that horizontal germicidal UV radiation is not reflected into the louvers, thus increasing the likelihood of germicidal UV radiation unintentionally exiting the housing 210. The type and intensity of germicidal UV radiation should be considered when selecting a material for the housing 210. The material of at least the outer wall 210a of the housing 210 may act to retain the germicidal UV radiation within the housing 210 and, therefore, may include any material that prevents UV radiation from escaping the housing 210. When selecting a material for the inner surface of the outer wall 210a of the housing 210, the type of light-shielding plate 240 used within the housing 210 should also be considered. For example, if the light-shielding plate 240 includes louvers with an offset, as described below, a non-reflective or light-absorbing material may be desirable to avoid the germicidal UV radiation from reflecting around the offset.

[0038] In some embodiments, the outer wall 210a may include louvers, baffles, or other mechanisms that form the outlets 230 to allow air to radially exit the housing 210 while simultaneously containing the germicidal UV radiation within the housing 210 as the air radially exits the housing 210 through the outlets 230. In such embodiments, the surface of the housing directly opposite the inlet 220 may be a solid wall that defines the housing 210, or the GUV device 103 may be directly coupled to the ceiling 107 of the room such that the ceiling 107 defines a portion of the housing 210.

[0039] In some embodiments, housing 210 may include a cosmetic cover 214. Housing 210 and / or cover 214 may include an opening 216 configured to receive a portion of air moving device 109, such as shaft 109a connecting air moving device 109 to ceiling 107. In other embodiments, housing 210 and / or cover 214 may include another connection means, such as a coupler, or other known attachment method. In the exemplary embodiment, cover 214 further includes a lip 217 extending radially inward from an outer wall of cover 214 and spokes 218 extending radially from opening 216 in cover 214 to lip 217.

[0040] Inlet 220 and outlet 230 are in fluid communication with one another, allowing air to enter sterilization zone 212 through inlet 220 and exit through outlet 230 after being irradiated. In some embodiments, inlet 220 and outlet 230 are defined by conduits formed by housing 210. In an exemplary embodiment, as best shown in FIG. 2B , inlet 220 is defined by the periphery of lip 217 and spokes 218 on cover 214, and outlet 230 is defined by housing 210. However, it is contemplated that inlet 220 and / or outlet 230 may be defined by either housing 210 (e.g., within outer wall 210 a of housing 210) or cover 214.

[0041] Inlet 220 and outlet 230 are configured to allow air movement therethrough without permitting germicidal UV radiation from sterilization zone 212 to radiate out of housing 210, thereby protecting occupants within the occupancy zone (i.e., the room occupants). Retention of germicidal UV radiation can be achieved in a variety of ways, including louvers, baffles, collimating elements, or other means for blocking germicidal UV radiation while maintaining gas (air) fluid communication. In some embodiments, germicidal UV radiation is retained within housing 210 via louvers 250 within inlet 220 and outlet 230. For example, outer wall 210a can include multiple louvers 250 to define outlet 230, such that irradiated air exits housing 210 radially through the multiple louvers 230.

[0042] In the exemplary embodiment, inlet 220 and outlet 230 are each further defined by a light blocking plate 240 having a plurality of louvers 250 configured to allow air to enter sterilization area 212 defined by housing 210 through inlet 220 and exit housing 210 through outlet 230, while simultaneously preventing germicidal UV light from exiting sterilization area 212.

[0043] 3A and 3B, there is shown a portion of an exemplary embodiment of a shade plate 300. The shade plate 300 includes a first plate 312a and a second plate 312b that define a plurality of louvers 310. In the exemplary embodiment, the outer surface 308 of the first plate 312a is the plate that faces the sterilization area 212, and the outer surface 308 of the second plate 312b faces the occupancy zone.

[0044] As can be seen, the louvers 310 are configured to allow airflow 302 to move through the light-blocking plate 300 while simultaneously preventing germicidal UV light 304 from radiating outside the housing. In some embodiments, the inner surfaces 306 of the louvers 310 (i.e., the inner surfaces of the louvers 310) may include or be coated with a light-absorbing material so that horizontal germicidal UV light 304a radiated or reflected toward the interior of the louvers 310 is absorbed and not reflected outside the housing. The horizontal germicidal UV light 304a may be emitted from light-emitting elements on the sidewalls of the housing or reflected from the sidewalls. In some embodiments, the light-absorbing material may be a UV-absorbing paint, such as zinc oxide paint. In other embodiments, the outer surface 308 of the first plate 312a (in this embodiment, the surface of the louvers 310 facing the sterilization zone 212) may include or be coated with a light-reflective material such that germicidal UV light 304 reflected toward the outer surface 308 is reflected back into the sterilization zone 212. In some embodiments, the outer surface 308 of the second plate 312b (i.e., the surface of the louvers 310 facing the occupancy zone) may include or be coated with any material, such as a decorative material.

[0045] The first plate 312a and the second plate 312b are stacked together and include first and second protrusions 314a and 314b, respectively, extending in opposite directions. The first and second protrusions 314a and 314b together define the louvers 310. In some embodiments, the first and second plates 312a and 312b comprise sheet metal with cut lines or edges 316 such that the first and second protrusions 314a and 314b protrude outwardly from the first and second plates 312a and 312b, respectively, to allow fluid communication between the first and second sides 310a and 310b of the louvers 310. The first protrusion 314a and the second protrusion 314b are offset from one another so that the vertical germicidal UV light 304b emitted or reflected downward toward the first side 310a of the louvers 310 does not exit the sterilization zone 212. The vertical germicidal UV light 304b may be emitted by light emitting elements on the top or bottom surface of the housing or may be reflected by an interior surface within the housing 210. In an exemplary embodiment, the exterior surface 308 of the first side 310a faces the sterilization zone 212, and the exterior surface 308 of the second side 310b faces the occupancy zone.

[0046] 4A-4C, different embodiments of louvers 410 are shown. Each louver 410 includes a first plate 412a and a second plate 412b stacked one on top of the other. The first plate 412a and the second plate 412b include a first protrusion 414a and a second protrusion 414b, respectively, that extend in opposite directions. In some embodiments, the first protrusion 414a and the second protrusion 414b are formed by cutting a single sheet of metal along cut lines 416. As shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, if the cut lines 416 of the first plate 412a are not offset by the cut lines 416 of the second plate 412b, gaps 418 allow germicidal UV light to exit the housing as the protrusions extend outward from the first plate 412a and the second plate 412b. In FIG. 4A , the cut lines 416 on the first plate 412 a and the second plate 412 b are perfectly aligned, thus creating a small gap 418 that accounts for only the deformation of the first plate 412 a and the second plate 412 b required to create the first protrusion 414 a and the second protrusion 414 b, respectively. That is, the deformations that create the first protrusion 414 a and the second protrusion 414 b slightly set back the first plate 412 a and the second plate 412 b, creating the gap 418. Similarly, in FIG. 4B , the first protrusion 414 a and the second protrusion 414 a are not offset from each other; however, in this example, small imperfections in the manufacturing process are accounted for, resulting in a larger gap 418. One solution to the problem of creating a gap 418 that allows germicidal UV light to exit the housing is shown in FIG. 4C . By providing a small overlap or offset 420 between the first cut line 416a in the first plate 412a and the second cut line 416b in the second plate 412b, the germicidal UV light cannot exit the sterilization zone 212. Because light travels in a straight line through air, the germicidal UV light in the sterilization zone 212 is blocked by either the outer surface 408 of the first plate 412a, the outer surface 408 of the first protrusion 414a, or the inner surface 406 of the second protrusion 414b.

[0047] Referring now to FIG. 5, another embodiment of a louver 510 is shown. The louver 510 includes a first plate 512a and a second plate 512b configured to allow airflow 302 to enter the louver 510 from a first side 511a and enter a second side 511b while preventing horizontal germicidal light 304a and vertical germicidal light 304b from exiting from the second side 511b. FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary louver 510 within a light-shielding plate within the entrance of the device, such that the first side 511a is the occupancy zone (i.e., the underside of the second plate 512b faces the room occupants) and the second side 511b is the disinfection area. When the light-shielding plate is within the exit of the device, the first side 511a is the disinfection area and the second side 511b faces the ceiling of the room.

[0048] In this louver 510, the second plate 512b has openings at a 60° angle that are aligned with the channels formed by the first plate 512a. The first plate 512a is shaped so that the periphery of the first plate 512a overlaps the periphery of the second plate 512b, preventing the horizontal sterilizing radiation 304a from exiting the second side 511b. In some embodiments, the second plate 512b may comprise a single metal sheet sized to fit within the entrance of the apparatus with cut lines 516 and folds 518 configured to create openings. In such a configuration, the second plate 512b may be a single sheet with several cut lines 516 and folds 518 to create multiple louvers 510. The first plate 512a may be a molded part that is centered using mechanical guides (not shown) and glued to the second plate 512b or assembled using bolts, welding, or other conventional attachment means. The angle of the openings in the second plate 512b may vary depending on the bending angle of the second plate 512b. The angle or shape of the first plate 512a affects the cross-section of the airflow 302 channels created by the openings in the second plate 512b, as well as the overall height of the louvers 510. Any suitable arrangement may be contemplated to allow directional airflow 302 through the louvers while simultaneously preventing light from radiating through the louvers.

[0049] 6 and 7, other embodiments of louvers 610, 710 are shown. Louvers 610, 710 each have a first plate 612a, 712a and a second plate 612b, 712b, and differ from louver 510 primarily in that the second plate 612b of louver 610 has openings at a 45° angle, while the second plate 712b of louver 710 has openings at a 90° angle. The shape and configuration of the first plates 612a, 712b can be adjusted to ensure a slight overlap 614, 714 exists between the peripheries of the first plates 612a, 712b and the second plates 612a, 712b.

[0050] 8, another embodiment of a louver 810 is shown for separating a first side 811 a from a second side 811 b of the louver 810. The louver 810 includes multiple lower louver elements 812 a and upper louver elements 812 b that overlap to allow airflow 302 to travel from the first side 811 a to the second side 811 b while preventing horizontal germicidal light 304 a and vertical germicidal light 304 b from exiting the second side 811 b. The louver 810 is cut and embossed from a sheet material, such as sheet metal. It is contemplated that any combination of angles and dimensions of the first louver elements 812a and the second louver elements 812b may be used, provided that the first louver elements 812a and the second louver elements 812b are capable of moving the airflow 302 from the first side 811a to the second side 811b while preventing the horizontal germicidal light 304a or the vertical germicidal light 304b from being emitted from the second side 811b to the first side 811a.

[0051] 9A-9D, a louver 910 is shown having similar dimensions to louver 510 shown in FIG. 5. The louver includes a first plate 912a and a second plate 912b connected by an end plate 914. In some embodiments, the end plate 914 may be formed from the first plate 912a. As best shown in FIG. 9A, which is an exploded view of the first and second plates 912a and 912b before they are joined together, the second plate 912b is cut and bent to form an opening 916 that is aligned with the first plate 912a.

[0052] 10A-10C, there is shown louver 1010 having dimensions similar to louver 810 shown in Figure 8. Louver 1010 includes a plurality of lower louver elements 1012a and upper louver elements 1012b that overlap to allow airflow 302 to travel from first side 1011a to second side 1011b while preventing germicidal light from exiting second side 1011b, as shown in Figure 10C.

[0053] 11 , a GUV device 1100 according to another embodiment is shown. The GUV device 1100 includes a housing 1110 defining an entrance 1120 and an exit 1130. The entrance 1120 is provided with a light-shielding plate 1140 including a plurality of louvers 1150. The housing is covered with a cover 1114 to improve the overall aesthetics of the GUV device 1100. The cover 1114 may include an opening 1116 configured to receive a portion of the air-moving device 109, such as a shaft 109a connecting the air-moving device 109 to the ceiling 107. In the exemplary embodiment, the cover 1114 further includes a lip 1117 extending radially inward from an outer wall of the cover 1114 and spokes 1118 extending radially from the opening 1116 in the cover 1114 to the lip 1117. As can be seen, the light blocking plate includes louvers 1150 that allow air flowing upward from the air moving device 109 to enter the sterilized area 212 defined by the housing 1110 .

[0054] Throughout the GUV device 103, the device may include multiple sensors that, in combination with a control system that uses software to optimize the performance of the device, can alert and / or predict repairs and routine maintenance that may be required for the GUV device 103 to function properly.

[0055] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 controls the optical power density (e.g., W / sr / cm) of the UV light present in the disinfection area. 2 (Watts per steradian per square meter). If the optical power density is measured below a predetermined threshold, the GUV device may be configured to issue a warning indicating a malfunction or a request for maintenance, such as cleaning or replacing the light-emitting element.

[0056] In some embodiments, the UV power meter may include a light sensor configured to detect residual blue light emitted by the light emitting element, and if the detected residual blue light is below a predetermined threshold, the GUV device 103 may be configured to trigger an alarm.

[0057] The warning may include a visual indicator on the outside of the housing or cover of the GUV device 103 that indicates to a room occupant or an operator of the GUV device 103 that there is a malfunction or a need for maintenance. In some embodiments, the warning system may be a light-emitting device on the outside of the GUV device 103, such as an LED, configured to emit light that is invisible to the human eye but detectable by a visual sensor, such as infrared light, when the UV light power density is detected to be below a predetermined threshold. The invisible spectrum light is emitted outside the housing or cover of the GUV device 103, and the operator can use the visual sensor to determine whether a warning has been issued. In some embodiments, the visual sensor may be a smartphone camera or similar application using a camera. One advantage of using infrared light that is visible to a visual sensor is that occupants in the occupied zone are not unnecessarily exposed to additional light in the room. In other embodiments, the warning system may include a mechanical visual warning, such as a small tube or flag extending outside the housing, configured to be deactivated (i.e., visible to the occupant) when a warning is issued, for example, when a power meter determines that the optical density of the UV light being emitted is below a predetermined threshold.

[0058] In some embodiments, the warning system may be generated by electronically coupling a UV power meter to the air moving device 109, such that the GUV device 103 may be configured to disconnect power to the air moving device 109 when the power meter determines that the light emitting elements are no longer emitting the appropriate UV light power density, thereby allowing shutdown of the air moving device 109 to be used as a warning of a malfunction or a maintenance requirement. In other embodiments, the air moving device 109 may be electronically coupled directly to the light emitting assembly or light emitting elements, such that the GUV device 103 may be configured to disconnect power to the air moving device 109 when the power requirements of the light emitting elements decrease, indicating a lower level of UV light power density.

[0059] In some embodiments, the output level sensed by the power meter can be used to trigger a warning or cleaning cycle when the UVC output is measured below a predetermined level, which can be expressed as a percentage of the amount sensed immediately after a cleaning cycle. That is, the UCV power meter can be configured to determine when germicidal UV radiation falls below a predetermined level due to the accumulation of dust or other particulates on the light-emitting elements or other interior surfaces within the housing. In other embodiments, a maintenance warning or cleaning cycle can be triggered by a dust sensor in the disinfection zone. This dust sensor can include an infrared light-emitting diode and a phototransistor positioned at an angle to detect reflected light from dust in the air. In other embodiments, the GUV device 103 calculates the usage time and / or number of blade rotations of the air-moving device 109 to determine the theoretical amount of dust that may have accumulated on the light-emitting assembly or light-emitting element. For example, as the time and speed of blade rotation on the air-moving device 109 increase, the amount of air passing through the disinfection zone increases. Therefore, the theoretical amount of dust in the disinfection zone also increases. In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may be configured to operate the air moving device 109 in an optimal manner to minimize the theoretical amount of dust that accumulates on the light emitting assembly or light emitting element, while still providing optimal disinfection of the air in the room.

[0060] The cleaning cycle may include increased air circulation via the air moving device 109 so that additional air forces dust or other particles away from the light emitting elements. Alternatively, the cleaning cycle may be the activation of a cleaning device on the GUV device 103. In some embodiments, the cleaning device may include a cleaning arm pivotally coupled to the housing or light emitting element, which may be configured to pivot about an axis of the GUV device 103. The cleaning arm may be made of a dust-removing material or fabric. The cleaning device may be activated using an electric motor at the beginning or end of the GUV device 103 power cycle or at predetermined time intervals. In other embodiments, the cleaning device may include a small fan located within the sterilization area and configured to direct airflow toward or across the light emitting elements, thereby reducing or preventing the accumulation of dust or other particles. The small fan may operate intermittently based on a schedule. In some embodiments, the schedule may be optimized depending on the use of the room. For example, a room with high dust production, such as a manufacturing plant, may have the small fan operate more frequently than a room with low dust production, such as a classroom. In other embodiments, the miniature fan may be configured to activate automatically when a UV power meter or other sensor determines that the optical power density of the UV light within the disinfection area is less than a predetermined amount. In other embodiments, the miniature fan may be activated by an operator of the GUV device 103, for example, using a communications link with the GUV device 103 to a user interface, such as an app, that can control the electronic components of the GUV device 103.

[0061] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 includes a secondary light emitting assembly and / or secondary light emitting elements within the housing / sterilization area. In some embodiments, the power level sensed by the power meter can be used to activate the secondary light emitting assembly and / or secondary light emitting elements to extend the life of the GUV device 103 and / or provide additional disinfection time in the room before maintenance on the GUV device 103 can be completed. In other embodiments, the secondary light emitting assembly and / or secondary light emitting elements can be manually activated by an operator. In other embodiments, the GUV device 103 can include a timer configured to activate the secondary light emitting assembly and / or secondary light emitting elements within the sterilization area after a predetermined period, such as two or three years.

[0062] In some embodiments, the UV power meter may include a mechanical or chemical UV power sensor configured to monitor the optical power density of the UV light present in the disinfection zone. The GUV device may be configured to issue an alert when the optical power density is measured below a predetermined threshold. Visual inspection of the chemical UV power sensor can then determine whether a decrease in the efficiency of the light-emitting element has occurred over time. Visual inspection may be by an operator or by a visual sensor within the disinfection zone, such as a camera. In some embodiments, the chemical UV power sensor may be photosensitive paper or a photosensitive plate inserted into the GUV device 103. Once inspected, the chemical UV power sensor may be immediately replaced with another sensor. In other embodiments, the chemical UV power sensor may be a transparent sensor comprising a portion of the housing. The transparent sensor may include a photochromic lens configured to darken or become more opaque upon exposure to UV radiation while simultaneously preventing UV light from emitting through the housing. In some embodiments, the photochromic lens may be configured to return to its transparent state in the absence of activating UV light. Thus, the transparency sensor can provide an indication to the room occupant as to whether UV light is being emitted within the disinfection area. The transparency sensor also provides an indication to the operator of the GUV device 103 as to whether the light-emitting element has reduced or stopped emitting UV radiation. In such cases, the transparency sensor remains transparent or does not appear opaque when the light-emitting element is not emitting UV radiation or is emitting less UV radiation than normal. In some embodiments, the transparency sensor is glass configured to respond to UV radiation or a plastic material configured to respond to UV radiation, such as a photochromic lens made of polycarbonate.

[0063] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include a visual sensor located within the disinfection zone of the housing. The visual sensor provides visual data regarding the status of the disinfection zone to an operator, for example, via a communications link. In some embodiments, the visual sensor may be a camera providing predetermined time-lapse photos or a video camera providing live-stream video. In other embodiments, the visual sensor may remain dormant until activated by an alarm trigger by one of the other sensors within the GUV device 103, such as a pathogen sensor, a temperature sensor, or a UV power meter.

[0064] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include a temperature sensor, such as a thermometer, that can indirectly provide an operator with information regarding the output level of the light-emitting element. Because use of the light-emitting element causes heat to be emitted, which correlates with the amount of radiation being emitted, if the light-emitting element is emitting less radiation, the temperature sensor can detect that less heat than normal is being emitted from the light-emitting assembly or element. In such embodiments, the temperature sensor may also alert an operator as to whether electronic components within the light-emitting assembly, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), are overheating.

[0065] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include a pathogen sensor configured to determine the concentration of pathogens in the air within a room. The pathogen sensor may be configured to sample and identify pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria) present in the air. In some embodiments, the pathogen sensor may be configured to communicate with a digital network and send real-time alerts to the owner of the GUV device 103 or public health professionals responsible for preventing disease transmission to determine the need for preventative measures or the implementation of enhanced safety measures. The real-time information provided by the pathogen sensor may be geolocated and used by epidemiologists to study the spread of infectious diseases and prevent large-scale outbreaks. In some embodiments, multiple pathogen sensors may be used to provide information about multiple pathogens. This information may be used to establish the efficiency of the GUV device 103 and the best way to deploy multiple pathogen sensors, for example, to provide information on when and for how long to operate the GUV device 103. Pathogen detection technology may be integrated with mobile location and contact tracing applications to measure the efficiency of the GUV device 103. For example, the GUV device 103 may be configured to collate geolocation data associated with the pathogen sensor with the identification of the occupant in the room, such as via the occupant's mobile phone or a wearable device such as a smartwatch.

[0066] In other embodiments, the pathogen sensor may include a small container or culture plate with growth medium, such as a small Petri dish, within the disinfection area of ​​the GUV device 103. The growth medium within the culture plate promotes bacterial growth. Thus, if a bacterial culture begins to form on the culture plate despite exposure to germicidal UV radiation, the operator of the GUV device 103 knows that the light-emitting assembly or light-emitting element on the assembly is malfunctioning. In some embodiments, if a camera or other visual sensor is included within the housing of the GUV device 103, the visual sensor can determine the amount of bacterial growth and the duration of exposure during which the bacteria grew. Additionally, the use of a culture plate within the GUV device 103 allows the operator to sample the bacterial culture to identify one or more types of bacteria prevalent in the room being disinfected. Thus, if a culture plate is included in the GUV device 103, the operator can determine the type of bacteria, the amount of bacterial growth during the malfunctioning period, and the duration of the light-emitting assembly or light-emitting element malfunctioning.

[0067] In some embodiments, the pathogen sensor culture plate may be inserted into a containment zone within the disinfection zone. In such embodiments, the containment zone may include walls or sides with multiple small louvers that allow air to flow into the containment zone while preventing germicidal UV radiation in the disinfection zone from entering the containment zone. Thus, the culture plate is configured to grow bacteria in the room air to identify bacteria that would otherwise be neutralized by the GUV device 103. In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 includes a pathogen sensor culture plate in the disinfection zone as well as the containment zone so that a record of pathogens being neutralized or disinfected by the GUV device 103 can be recorded. That is, if the culture plate in the disinfection zone is empty or otherwise free of bacterial growth, the operator can determine that bacteria growing on the culture plate in the containment zone were present in the room air and were effectively neutralized by the GUV device 103.

[0068] 12A-12D, another embodiment of a GUV device 1200 is shown. The GUV device 1200 includes a housing 1210 coupled around an air moving device 109 such that the air moving device can be placed within the GUV device 1200. In an exemplary embodiment, the air moving device 109 operates to draw air toward the air moving device 109 and into the interior of the housing 1210. That is, the air moving device 109 creates an airflow pattern that draws air into the housing 1210 (i.e., by suction), and thus into the sterilization zone 1212, and expels air from the housing 1210 (i.e., by pressure). In some embodiments, the exterior surface of the housing 1210 can have a non-reflective surface to avoid reflecting potentially germicidal UV radiation that may leak from the housing 1210 into the occupancy zone (i.e., room).

[0069] The housing 1210 includes at least one inlet 1220 and at least one outlet 1230 that are in fluid communication with each other. In the exemplary embodiment, the housing includes an inlet 1220 on its bottom side (i.e., facing downward toward the living zone) and four outlets 1230 on each of the side walls of the housing 1210, such that air enters the housing 1210 axially through the inlets 1220 and exits radially through the outlets 1230. That is, air enters upward from the bottom side of the housing 1210 and exits laterally through the side walls of the housing 1210. However, other configurations are possible, such as air entering the housing 1210 radially through the inlet 1220 on a side wall and exiting axially through the outlets 1230 on the top or bottom side, or entering and exiting the housing 1210 radially through opposing or adjacent side walls or axially through the top and bottom sides.

[0070] In the exemplary embodiment, each of the inlets 1220 and outlets 1230 includes a light blocking plate 1240 configured to retain germicidal UV light within the housing 1210 while allowing free movement of air into the housing 1210 so that occupants within the occupancy zone are not irradiated.

[0071] 2C and 2D , the housing 1210 defines an irradiation zone or sterilization region 1212. In the exemplary embodiment, the housing 1210 includes a top panel 1214, four side panels 1216, each having an opening that defines one of the outlets 1230, and a bottom panel 1218 having an opening that defines an entrance 1220. When a light blocking plate 1240 is coupled to the openings in the side panels 1216 and bottom panel 1218 that define the entrance 1220 and the exit 1230, respectively, the GUV device 1200 is configured to contain the irradiation zone or sterilization region 1212 within the housing 1210 such that germicidal UV radiation does not escape, but air can pass freely through the sterilization region 1212 and exit the housing 1210 as irradiated air.

[0072] In the exemplary embodiment, GUV device 1200 includes a light emitting element 1260. Light emitting element 1260 is coupled between opposing side panels 1216 on the bottom side of housing 1210 and is configured to emit germicidal UV radiation upward to form sterilized zone 1212 such that air traveling through the conduit formed by housing 1210 must pass through sterilized zone 1212 to travel from inlet 1220 to outlet 1230.

[0073] In an exemplary embodiment, the light emitting elements 1260 are coupled via a connecting flange to the sidewall of the opposing side panel 1216 adjacent the inlet 1220. In this embodiment, airflow through the disinfection area 1212 can be used to cool or dissipate heat from the light emitting elements 1260. The light emitting elements 1260 used to emit germicidal UV radiation can emit radiation (light) in a very wide cone, such as about 180 degrees, so that some of the light being emitted is horizontal germicidal UV radiation.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the shade plate 1240 may include louvers, baffles, or other mechanisms configured to allow air to enter and exit the housing 1210 while simultaneously containing germicidal UV radiation within the housing 1210. For example, the shade plate 1240 may be the shade plate 300, or may be a shade plate having louvers 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010. In an exemplary embodiment, the shade plate 1240 includes louvers 1250 (shown in FIG. 13 ).

[0075] In some embodiments, the interior surfaces of the side panels 1216 of the housing 1210 may have reflective surfaces configured to retain the germicidal UV radiation within the housing 1210 and reflect the germicidal UV radiation within the housing 1210 to further enhance the germicidal effectiveness of the light radiation. Providing a reflective interior surface of the housing 1210 can increase the probability that the germicidal UV radiation will interact with each air particle traveling through the housing 1210. In an exemplary embodiment, the interior surfaces of the side panels 1216 are comprised of bare aluminum, which forms a reflective surface for the germicidal UV radiation.

[0076] In some embodiments, the exterior of the top panel 1214, side panels 1216, and bottom panel 1218 may have non-reflective surfaces that absorb or prevent reflection of germicidal UV radiation. This may help reduce or prevent germicidal UV radiation reflected from the housing 1210 from being reflected into the occupancy zone (i.e., toward people inside the room).

[0077] In some embodiments, the inner surfaces of the baffles or louvers (such as louvers 410, 510, 610, 710, 810, 910, 1010) may include reflective surfaces configured to retain and reflect germicidal UV radiation within the housing 1210. When the shade plate 1240 includes louvers having bottom (outer) and top (inner) louver elements, such as louver 1012 having overlapping bottom and top louver elements 1012a and 1012b, the inward-facing sides of the inner and / or outer louver elements may have reflective surfaces. Similarly, portions of the louvers may have non-reflective surfaces that absorb germicidal UV radiation, thereby preventing UV radiation from escaping the disinfection zone 1212.

[0078] 13, in an exemplary embodiment, the light blocking plate 1240 includes louvers 1250. The louvers 1250 include a plurality of outer louver elements 1252a and inner louver elements 1252b that overlap one another to allow airflow from the occupancy zone 1251a (outside) to the sterilization area 1212 (inside), while preventing germicidal light from leaving the sterilization area 1212.

[0079] In some embodiments, the inner sides 1254 of the inner louver elements 1252b can have a reflective surface to reflect UV radiation back into the sterilization zone 1212. The outer sides 1256 of the inner louver elements 1252b, as well as the inner sides 1254 and 1256 of the outer louver elements 1252a, have non-reflective surfaces to prevent UV radiation from leaving the sterilization zone 1212. However, other configurations are also contemplated, such as the inner sides 1254 and 1256 of both the inner louver elements 1252b and the outer louver elements 1252a having non-reflective surfaces. In an exemplary embodiment, the inner sides 1254 of the inner louver elements 1252b have a reflective surface, and the outer sides 1256 of the inner louver elements 1252b, as well as the inner sides 1254 and 1256 of the outer louver elements 1252a, have non-reflective surfaces.

[0080] In some embodiments, the air moving device 109 can be an existing air moving device 109 and the housing 1210 is assembled around the air moving device 109, or the air moving device 109 is removed and assembled within the GUV device 1200. In an exemplary embodiment, the air moving device 109 is installed within the housing 1210 of the GUV device 1200.

[0081] 14A-14J, there is shown a method of assembling a GUV device 1200 with an air moving device 109. In the exemplary embodiment, the air moving device is a ceiling fan extending from the ceiling 107 of the room. However, other configurations are possible, such as a horizontal fan coupled to a side wall of the room, or a freestanding portable device including a housing 1210 with an internal fan.

[0082] To assemble the GUV device 1200, the top panel 1214 is coupled to the room's ceiling 107 using fasteners such as bolts. The air moving device 109 can then be installed or reinstalled through the opening in the top panel 1214 (see FIG. 14A ). In some embodiments, the blades of the air moving device 109 can be configured to aid in the distribution of germicidal UV radiation within the disinfection zone 1212. For example, the upper (top) sides of the blades can have a reflective surface to help further distribute germicidal UV radiation within the disinfection zone 1212 and prevent germicidal UV radiation reflected from the top panel 1214 from exiting axially through the bottom side of the GUV device 1200 (in an exemplary embodiment, to prevent germicidal UV radiation from being reflected axially through the inlet 1220). Alternatively or additionally, the lower (bottom) sides of the blades on the air moving device 109 can have a non-reflective surface to prevent germicidal UV radiation from being reflected axially through the bottom side of the GUV device 1200.

[0083] Once the top panel 1214 is secured to the ceiling 107 and the air moving device 109 is installed, the side panels 1216 can be removably coupled to the top panel 1214 (see Figures 14B-14F).

[0084] 14C-14E ​​, the top panel 1214 includes a connecting flange 1214a that extends completely or partially around the periphery of the top panel 1214 to facilitate assembly of the side panels 1216. In the exemplary embodiment, the side panels include a lip 1216a that engages with the connecting flange 1214a to couple the side panel 1216 to the top panel 1214. Corresponding surfaces, such as a protrusion and opening or a groove and rail, may be used to align and / or couple the lip 1216a with the connecting flange 1214a. In the exemplary embodiment, two of the side panels 1216 include protrusions 1216b configured to be received in corresponding openings 1614b in the connecting flanges 1214a of the top panel 1214. The side panels 1216 are coupled to the top panel 1214 by aligning the lip 1216a on the side panel 1216 with the connecting flange 1214a on the top panel 1214. In some embodiments, the connecting flange 1214a and lip 1216a may be removably coupled to one another by other means, such as with fasteners, instead of or in addition to corresponding surfaces.

[0085] Once all of the side panels 1216 are coupled to the top plate 1214, the side panels 1216 may optionally be coupled to one another where they abut and / or overlap, for example with fasteners.

[0086] 14G and 14H , the light emitting elements 1260 may then be coupled to the housing 1210. It will be understood that the light emitting elements 1260 may be coupled to any interior surface of the housing 1210. In the exemplary embodiment, four light emitting elements 1260 are coupled to the bottom sides of opposing side panels 1216. The opposing side panels 1216 may each include recesses 1216 c configured to receive flanges 1262 on opposing ends of the light emitting elements 1260.

[0087] 14I and 14J , once the light emitting element 1260 is positioned within the housing, the bottom panel 1218 can be coupled to the bottom side of the side panel 1216 using any known fastening means to form the housing 1210, which defines the sterilized area 1212. In an exemplary embodiment, the bottom panel 1218 includes a connection flange 1218a configured to align with and couple to the bottom surface of the side panel 1216. In some embodiments, the connection flange 1218a can include an opening that aligns with an opening in the bottom surface of the side panel 1216 to receive a fastener to facilitate coupling. Alternatively or additionally, the bottom panel 1218 can include a latch 1218b that engages with the side panel 1216, e.g., within an opening 1216d in the inner surface of the bottom of the opposing side panel 1216. The latch 1218b can facilitate access to the interior of the housing 1210, e.g., to perform maintenance on the light emitting element 1240 and / or the air moving device 109. In other embodiments, the latches 1218b may be temporary coupling means that couple the bottom panel 1218 to the side panel 1216, while the fasteners securely fasten the bottom panel 1218 and the side panel 1216. By using temporary coupling means, one person can assemble and install the GUV device 1200.

[0088] 15, the GUV device 1200 is shown coupled to the ceiling 107 of the room 111. When determining the placement of the GUV device 1200 within the room 111, the direction of airflow entering the inlet and exiting the outlet, as well as the strength of the air moving device, should be considered. In the exemplary embodiment, the direction of airflow entering the inlet is axial (and upward airflow within the room 111), and the direction of airflow exiting the outlet is radial (exiting laterally from the side panel). Therefore, when installing the GUV device 1200, the distance D1 between the side tangent of the GUV device 1200 and the side wall of the room 111, and the distance D2 between the bottom tangent of the GUV device 1200 and the floor of the room 111 should be considered. In some embodiments, the distance D1 between the side tangent of the GUV device 1200 and the sidewall of the room 111 should be at least about 60 cm (23.6 inches), and the distance D2 between the bottom tangent of the GUV device 1200 and the floor of the room 111 is at least about 180 cm (70 inches). In an exemplary embodiment of the GUV device 1200 coupled to the perimeter of a ceiling fan, the distance D1 between the side tangent of the GUV device 1200 and the sidewall of the room 111 should be at least about 76 cm (30 inches), and the distance D2 between the bottom tangent of the GUV device 1200 and the floor of the room 111 is at least about 213 cm (84 inches).

[0089] In the exemplary embodiment, the combined GUV device 1200 has a height of 61 cm (24 inches), which is approximately equal to the distance between the mating surface of the top panel 1214 and the connecting flange 1214a plus the height of the side panel 1216. Because the inlet 1220 is at the bottom of the housing 1210, the distance D3 between the ceiling 107 and the inlet 1220 is equal to the height of the GUV device 1200.

[0090] In some embodiments, the GUV device may be configured to be retrofitted to an existing air moving device 109. For example, the existing air moving device may be a ceiling fan having a shaft (i.e., the shaft of the air moving device 109) extending from a ceiling. In some embodiments, a GUV device configured to retrofit to an existing air moving device comprises a support assembly and a light emitting assembly coupled to the support assembly 507. As shown in FIG. 1B, the GUV device may be configured to emit germicidal UV radiation to form a disinfection zone above (or adjacent to) the GUV device.

[0091] 16A, another embodiment of a GUV device 1601 is shown. The GUV device 1601 includes a support assembly 1605, which in this exemplary embodiment is a printed circuit board (PCB) configured to couple to and support a light emitting assembly (not shown), such as a PCB supporting UVC LEDs (i.e., the light emitting assembly). In other embodiments, the support assembly 1605 may include physical or mechanical support for the light emitting elements and their electronic circuitry.

[0092] The GUV device 1601 may include a mounting assembly operably coupled to the support assembly 1605 and configured to mount the support assembly to the shaft 109a of the air moving device. In the exemplary embodiment, the mounting assembly is a mechanical clip 1623 that secures the support assembly 1605 to the shaft 109a of the air moving device. However, it is understood that other mounting assemblies may be used, such as a magnetic clip that magnetically couples to the support assembly 1605 and / or the shaft 109a of the air moving device.

[0093] In some embodiments, the GUV device 1601 may include a protective skirt 1625 removably coupled to the support assembly 1605. The protective skirt 1625, together with the light-emitting assembly, may be used to define a disinfection zone and to prevent germicidal UVC radiation from emitting horizontally or below the horizon, thereby protecting occupants of rooms located below the level of the air-moving device and therefore below the GUV device 1601.

[0094] It will be appreciated that the protective skirt 1625 and mechanical clip 1623 may be manufactured in a variety of materials, colors, textures, and / or finishes so that the GUV device 1601 can blend in with the appearance of the fan as desired.

[0095] 16B, the GUV device 1601 is shown in an exploded, open configuration. As can be seen, when exploded, the support assembly 1605, the mechanical clip 1623, and the protective skirt 1625 each comprise two separate parts that are removably coupleable to one another.

[0096] The support assembly 1605 is comprised of a first portion 1603 and a second portion 1604 pivotally coupled at a pivot point 1606. In this exemplary embodiment, the pivot point 1606 is a self-locking nylon rivet. However, it is understood that other types of pivot mechanisms, such as a nut-and-bolt assembly, may be used. The pivot point 1606 allows the support assembly 1605 to be moved from an open configuration to a closed configuration after being installed on the shaft 109a of the air moving device. In some embodiments, the first portion 1603 and the second portion 1604 may include corresponding openings 1607 that align when the GUV device 1601 is in the closed configuration. The first portion 1603 and the second portion 1604 of the support assembly 1605 may then be maintained in the closed configuration by inserting fasteners, such as a self-locking nylon rivet or a nut-and-bolt assembly, through the corresponding openings 1607.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first portion 1603 and the second portion 1604 of the support assembly 1605 may be identical and designed as a semicircular shape to provide a circular support assembly 1605 when in the closed configuration. However, it is understood that the support assembly 1605 may have any shape. In some embodiments, the first portion 1603 and the second portion 1604 are shaped to form an overlap between the first portion 1603 and the second portion 1604 when the support assembly 1605 is assembled and in the closed configuration, thus preventing germicidal radiation from being directed downward toward the room occupants. In an exemplary embodiment, the first portion 1603 slides over the second portion 1604 to form the overlap when in the closed configuration. In some embodiments, the bottom of the support assembly 1605 (in this case, the second portion 1604) may include a bumper 1615 configured to prevent the top (i.e., the first portion 1603) from moving beyond the closed configuration, so that electronic components on the bottom are not scraped or damaged by the top. In other embodiments, the bumper 1615 may be on the top or the first portion 1603. In an exemplary embodiment, the bumper 1615 is a nylon hex screw, with the screw head acting as the bumper 1615. However, any other form of protrusion on the first portion 1603 or second portion 1604 may be used as the bumper 1615.

[0098] When in the closed configuration, the first portion 1603 and the second portion 1604 of the support assembly 1605 define an opening 1610 configured to receive the shaft 109a of the air moving device and / or a mounting assembly. In some embodiments, the periphery of the opening 1610 may include a groove 1611 configured to receive the mounting assembly and angularly position the support assembly 1605 relative to the mounting assembly.

[0099] In the exemplary embodiment, the attachment assembly is a mechanical clip 1623 configured to fit into an opening 1610 in the support assembly 1605. The mechanical clip 1623 includes two clip portions 1609 that, when coupled, define an opening configured to fit around the shaft 109a of the air moving device. Each clip portion 1609 includes a protrusion configured to be received in one of the grooves 1611 to align the mechanical clip 1623 with the support assembly 1605.

[0100] In some embodiments, the protective skirt 1625 can be removably coupled around the support assembly 1605. In an exemplary embodiment, the protective skirt 1625 comprises two skirt portions 1613 that are removably coupled to each other and / or to the support assembly 1605.

[0101] 17A-18D , exemplary embodiments of a first clip portion 1701 and a second clip portion 1801 are shown. The first clip portion 1701 and the second clip portion 1801 are configured to couple to either the bottom or top of the support assembly 1605. In some embodiments, the first clip portion 1701 can be configured to receive the second portion 1604 (i.e., the bottom) of the support assembly 1605, and the second clip portion 1701 can be configured to receive the first portion 1603 (i.e., the top) of the support assembly 1605. The first clip portion 1701 and the second clip portion 1801 can be constructed using half-cylindrical bodies 1703, 1803, respectively, that define concentric or nearly concentric inner cylindrical sections 1705, 1805. When coupled together, inner cylindrical section 1705 of first clip portion 1701 and inner cylindrical section 1805 of second clip portion 1801 define an opening configured to receive air moving device shaft 109a. The width of air moving device shaft 109a should be considered when determining the diameter of inner cylindrical sections 1705, 1805. For example, the diameter of inner cylindrical sections 1705, 1805 (which thus defines the diameter of the opening that receives air moving device shaft 109a) may be selected to fit over air moving device shaft 109a, or may be slightly larger in diameter to ensure good contact with air moving device shaft 109a and allow for the use of a compressible intervening material to accommodate slight manufacturing variations in inner cylindrical sections 1705, 1805 and / or air moving device shaft 109a. In other embodiments, the first clip portion 1701 and / or the second clip portion 1801 may comprise a flexible or deformable member disposed within the inner cylindrical section 1705, 1805 such that the dimensional tolerance of the inner cylindrical section 1705, 1805 relative to the shaft 109a is increased. The increased dimensional tolerance may provide a universal attachment mechanism that allows the mechanical clip to be sized and shaped to fit multiple shafts 109a having different diameters.In other embodiments, the connection between the first clip portion 1701 and the second clip portion 1801 may be adjustable so that the mechanical clip can be sized and shaped to fit multiple shafts 109a.

[0102] The first clip portion 1701 may include a receiving hole 1707 configured to receive a fastener, such as a screw or bolt, to couple the first clip portion 1701 and the second clip portion 1801. In some embodiments, the receiving hole 1707 is a countersunk hole or a countersink. Similarly, the second clip portion 1801 may include a receiving hole 1807 configured to align with the receiving hole 1707 on the first clip portion 1701 when in the closed configuration, such that a fastener, such as a screw or bolt, can extend through the receiving hole 1707, 1807 to couple the first clip portion 1701 and the second clip portion 1801.

[0103] The first clip portion 1701 may further include a protrusion 1709 configured to be inserted into and angularly constrained within a groove 1611 on the support assembly 1605 to precisely orient the first clip portion 1701 relative to the first portion 1603 or the second portion 1604 of the support assembly 1605. Similarly, the second clip portion 1801 may further include a protrusion 1809 configured to be inserted into and angularly constrained within a groove 1611 on the support assembly 1605 to precisely orient the second clip portion 1801 relative to the first portion 1603 or the second portion 1604 of the support assembly 1605. This angular constraint may be used to ensure that the first portion 1603 and the second portion 1604 are precisely oriented relative to the first clip portion 1701 and the second clip portion 1801.

[0104] In some embodiments, the first clip portion 1701 may include a flexible clamp 1711 that may be used to secure a wire, such as a power cable. Similarly, the second clip portion 1801 may include a flexible clamp 1811 that may be used to secure a wire, such as a power cable.

[0105] The attachment mechanism shown in Figures 17A-18A is shown by way of example. Several other clip designs are possible. For example, instead of relying on a mechanical clamping mechanism, an alternative clip could be secured to the shaft 109a using magnets.

[0106] 19A-19D, a skirt portion 1903 of a protective skirt according to one embodiment is shown. In an exemplary embodiment, the protective skirt comprises two skirt portions 1903 that are removably coupled to each other and / or to the support assembly 1605. In some embodiments, the protective skirt is coupled to the periphery of the support assembly 1605. The skirt portion 1903 may include an internal groove 1905 configured to receive the periphery of the support assembly 1605.

[0107] In some embodiments, the protective skirt defines a disinfection zone from which germicidal UV radiation is emitted by the light-emitting assembly. The skirt portions 1903 may each include a flare section 1907 configured to extend axially from the periphery of the support assembly 1605 when coupled to the support assembly 1605. In an exemplary embodiment, the flare section 1907 minimizes blockage of germicidal UV radiation emitted from the lights of the light-emitting assembly mounted on the periphery of the support assembly 1605 while preventing or reducing horizontal radiation. The flare section 1907 may be configured to direct germicidal UVC radiation upward toward the ceiling and away from occupants in the lower part of the room. In some embodiments, the sidewalls of the flare section 1907 may include mirrors or other reflective surfaces to direct germicidal UV radiation toward the disinfection zone.

[0108] In some embodiments, the protective skirt may extend around the entire perimeter of the support assembly 1605, such as when the GUV device 1601 is coupled to an air-moving device at or near the center of the room. When used with a horizontal-emitting GUV device (i.e., a GUV device coupled to the side of a room that emits disinfected air laterally), a single skirt portion 1903 may be coupled to the bottom side of the support assembly 1605, such that germicidal UV radiation is directed laterally at the top of the room and away from occupants at the bottom of the room. Other configurations of the protective skirt that define a disinfection zone and / or direct germicidal UV radiation to a desired area, e.g., toward the disinfection zone and / or away from occupants in the room, are possible.

[0109] In some embodiments, the skirt portions 1903 may be removably coupled to one another to facilitate retrofitting onto the shaft 109a of an existing air moving device 109 without disassembly. The skirt portions 1903 may each include a tab 1909 having an opening 1911 at a first end thereof and a protrusion 1915 at a second end thereof configured to be received in the opening 1911 of the other skirt portion 1903. Thus, to removably couple a first skirt portion 1903 to a second skirt portion 1903, the opening 1911 on the first skirt portion 1903 is configured to receive the protrusion 1915 on the second skirt portion 1903, and the opening 1911 on the second skirt portion 1903 is configured to receive the protrusion 1915 on the first skirt portion 1903. In some embodiments, each skirt portion 1903 includes a small shield 1919 on its first end (i.e., the end having the tab 1909) configured to overlap the other mating skirt portion 1903, thus preventing germicidal UV radiation from passing between the skirt portions 1903 in the area where the skirt portions 1903 join.

[0110] The protective skirt may be made of a moderately elastic material, allowing the skirt portions 1903 to flex during mating, such that the protrusions 1915 on the first skirt portion 1903 fit into the openings 1911 on the second skirt portion 1903. Mating the first and second skirt portions 1903 allows the protective skirt to be secured around the support assembly 1605 during installation. In other embodiments, the protective skirt may be constructed in one piece or at least partially integrally formed with the support assembly, using a more flexible or elastic material and wrapping it around the support assembly 1605, or by using one or more skirt portions 1903 that do not completely surround the periphery of the support assembly 1605.

[0111] In some embodiments, the GUV device further includes a protective skirt over the light-emitting assembly and / or a protective cover configured to be removably coupled to the support assembly 1605. In some embodiments, the protective cover is a convex dome. The protective cover is configured to allow germicidal UV radiation to pass through the protective cover while preventing dust or other particles from reaching the support assembly 1605 and the light-emitting assembly. The protective cover may be made of an optically transparent material, such as fused silica, and / or a UVC transparent material.

[0112] 20A , a protective skirt 2001 according to another embodiment is shown. The protective skirt 2001 includes a plurality of openings 2003 around the body of the protective skirt 2001, which may open at tangential angles into a sterilized region defined by the body of the skirt 2001. In the exemplary embodiment, each opening 2003 is coupled to a tubular section 2005 that extends outward from the body of the protective skirt 2001 from the openings 2003. The tubular section 2005 is open at both ends and configured to direct air into the sterilized region defined by the skirt 2001. The tubular section 2005 is oriented vertically at its bottom, which allows rising air pushed by the air moving device 109 to be directed into the interior of the tubular section 2005. The tubular section 2005 may curve toward the tangentially extending opening 2003 of the body, such that the channeled air is inserted or channeled into the sterilization zone at a tangential angle, thereby creating a circular air movement or vortex in the sterilization zone. This circular air movement or vortex can prevent the accumulation of dust or other particles on the support assembly 1605 or light-emitting assembly, thereby limiting the amount of maintenance required. The circular air movement or vortex can also increase the time that air (and thus contact-transmissible particles) remains suspended in the sterilization zone, enhancing sterilization effectiveness. In other embodiments, other air duct configurations can be used to control the amount and location of dust or particle accumulation.

[0113] In some embodiments, the GUV device may include an air filter configured to prevent dust, pollen, and other particulate matter from entering the sterilization region (i.e., the region above the support assembly 1605 and the light-emitting assembly). For example, one or more of the tubular sections 2005 may include an air filter at their second end or bottom end to prevent dust from entering the sterilization region through the openings 2003. The air filter may further include a disinfecting component, such as activated carbon, to capture or neutralize chemical contaminants, such as volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), allowing for further purification of the air in the room.

[0114] In some embodiments, the protective assembly around the support assembly may include a second concentric (outer) skirt that is larger than the protective skirt 2001 and configured to circumferentially surround the (inner) protective skirt 2001. The second skirt may be coupled to the protective skirt 2001 by a narrow radial member. The radial member may be configured to capture a cross-section of the rising air around the GUV device 103 and direct the rising air in a manner that creates air movement that prevents dust accumulation on the support assembly 1605 and the light-emitting assembly. For example, the second skirt may include channels that direct the rising air through holes 2003 in the protective skirt to create airflow over the support assembly 1605 and / or the light-emitting assembly. The air movement may be intentionally designed to have characteristics of laminar and turbulent flow sections to reduce dust and / or particle accumulation on the support assembly 1605 and / or the light-emitting assembly. In other embodiments, the protective skirt may include relief holes configured to allow dust and / or particles to be removed from the support assembly 1605 and / or the light-emitting assembly.

[0115] 20B, a protective skirt portion 2013 according to another embodiment is shown. The protective skirt portion 2013 includes a channel 2015 around the bottom of the protective skirt portion 2013 from which some volume of material 2015 has been removed, but some support structures 2017 remain. As shown in FIG. 20C, which shows the bottom side of the protective skirt portion 2013, the support structures 2017 include protrusions 2021 with grooves 2019 configured to receive the support assemblies 1605 to couple the two protective skirt portions 2013 to the support assemblies. When airflow is generated within the sterilization zone, dust or other particles travel along the support assemblies 1605 or light emitting assemblies with a radial motion 2023 before impacting the outer wall of the protective skirt portion 2013, and then travel axially 2025 (i.e., downward) to escape through the channel 2015. This dust and / or particle movement may be assisted by airflow deflected by mechanical features of the protective skirt portion 2013 or other mechanical means.

[0116] Other dust removal means are possible. For example, in some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include a fan configured to generate additional airflow to prevent particle buildup on the light-emitting assembly and / or support assembly. Using the fan to generate additional airflow prevents dust or particle buildup on the light-emitting assembly and / or support assembly and / or enhances the removal of dust or particles on the support assembly and / or light-emitting assembly. The fan may be powered by an electric motor, mechanical energy derived from the fan airflow of an air-moving device, or any other means. In some embodiments, one or more of the components of the GUV device may be coated with a dust-resistant coating.

[0117] In some embodiments, the GUV device may be provided with a mirror positioned so that an observer standing on the floor (i.e., at the bottom of the room) can see whether dust or other particles are present on the support assembly or light-emitting assembly. The mirror may be operably coupled to the support assembly and / or protective skirt. The mirror may be configured to reflect only visible light and, for safety reasons, to prevent reflection of germicidal UV radiation toward the bottom of the room (i.e., toward an observer using the mirror). Alternatively, the mirror may be deployed, either manually or automatically, when the light-emitting assembly is not operating (i.e., when germicidal UV radiation is not being emitted). Alternatively, the mirror assembly may be integrated into any of the dust removal accessories described herein, such as the protective skirt.

[0118] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may be mounted directly to the rotating portion of the air-moving device and may be configured to use centrifugal forces generated by the rotation of the air-moving device to expel dust or other particulates from the support assembly and / or light-emitting assembly.

[0119] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include a UVC power meter configured to monitor the UV light reflection from the ceiling (i.e., monitor the intensity of the germicidal UV radiation being emitted from the light-emitting assembly). In some embodiments, the output level sensed by this power meter may be used to trigger a dust removal cycle, as described above, when the UVC output is measured below a predetermined level, which may be expressed as a percentage of the amount sensed immediately after the dust removal cycle. That is, the UVC power meter may be configured to determine when the germicidal UV radiation falls below a predetermined level due to the accumulation of dust or other particulates on the light-emitting elements.

[0120] In some embodiments, the pathogen neutralization system or GUV device 103 may further include a cover 2130 (shown in FIG. 24 ) configured to be installed with the GUV device 103. The cover 2130 may be installed above the light-emitting assembly and configured to act as a low-reflectance blocker, minimizing UVC light reflected toward the lower portion of the room. In some embodiments, for example, for a horizontally emitting GUV device 123B, the cover 2130 may be installed directly across from the light-emitting assembly to define the edge of the disinfection area. The cover 2130 may be installed on the support assembly 1605, the air-moving device 109, or the ceiling 107 of the room. In some embodiments, the cover 2130 may be used to hide the AC / DC converter 2511 needed to provide DC power to the light-emitting assembly. The cover 2130 may also be used to hide electrical wires leading to and from the AC / DC converter 2511. In some embodiments, the cover 2130 is made of a UV-resistant and / or UV-absorbing material to minimize the amount of UV light reflected toward the lower portion of the room where an occupant is located. The cover 2130 can be made of a moldable, UV-resistant plastic, including unreinforced, impact-modified, injection-moldable grade resins such as polycarbonate / polybutylene terephthalate (PC / PBT). In some embodiments, PC / PBT material (Valox 357) has been determined to exhibit very low reflectivity, approximately 7%-9%, through both diffuse and specular reflection. The total reflectivity of the cover 2130 can be further reduced to approximately 2% by adding groove texturing to the molded portion of the cover 2130. In some embodiments, the cover 2130 includes a baffle configured to further deflect germicidal UV radiation emitted from the light-emitting assembly.

[0121] The cover 2130 may be formed of multiple cover sections so that it can be easily installed on an existing air moving device without disassembly. In some embodiments, the cover 2130 is installed on the ceiling 107 of the room and is coupled around the shaft 109a of the air moving device when installed in the closed configuration.

[0122] 21 , a GUV device according to another embodiment is shown. The GUV device includes a baffle 2103 configured to limit light of germicidal UV radiation that strikes the ceiling without hitting the cover 2130. The GUV device comprises the baffle 2103 operably coupled to a support assembly 2105, and a protective skirt 2106 operably coupled to the support assembly 2105 and the baffle 2103. The baffle 2103 is positioned a predetermined distance from the support assembly 2105 to which a light emitting assembly comprising light emitting elements 2107 is mounted. The baffle 2103 may be made of a flat, thin material that is opaque and exhibits UV absorbing properties.

[0123] The baffle 2103 includes a plurality of holes 2203 that may be arranged in a pattern as shown in FIG. 22 or 23. The diameter of each hole 2203 is selected to allow a central light ray 2109 to pass unimpeded, while large-angled light rays 2111 impinge on the underside of the baffle 2103 and are absorbed. Note that the position of each hole 2203 may be adjusted relative to the position of the corresponding light emitting element 2107 to define a desired radiation cone that emits germicidal UV radiation into the disinfection zone. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 22, the relative offset between the holes 2203 and the light emitting elements 2107 is calculated to direct the radiation cone toward the non-reflective cover 2130 on the ceiling. Thus, the holes 2203 are provided with a radial offset that increases as the light emitting elements 2107 are positioned further away from the baffle center. For example, as shown in FIG. 24 , light emitting elements 2107 a positioned closer to the baffle center may be directly or nearly directly aligned with corresponding holes 2203 a to generate radiation cones 2127 a directed toward the cover 2130 or another low-reflectivity blocker, while light emitting elements 2103 b positioned further away from the baffle center are offset from their corresponding holes 2203 b to generate radiation cones 2127 b directed toward the low-reflectivity blocker as well.

[0124] In this exemplary embodiment, protective skirt 2106 includes a bottom wall 2121 configured to couple to support assembly 2105. Bottom wall 2121 includes a skirt opening 2123 configured to receive shaft 109a of the air moving device. In this embodiment, protective skirt 2106 further includes protrusions 2125 that extend through openings in support assembly 2105 and baffle 2103 to couple protective skirt 2106 to support assembly 2105 and baffle 2103 and hold baffle 2103 at a desired distance from light emitting element 2107. However, other methods of coupling protective skirt 2106 to support assembly and / or baffle 2103 may be used. For example, protective skirt 2106 may be coupled to the periphery of support assembly 2105.

[0125] In some embodiments, the GUV device may be provided with a pair of protective glasses that block UV light while allowing longer wavelength light (e.g., red, yellow, green, violet, or blue) to be seen. The pair of glasses may be used to safely observe the light emitting assembly and light emitting elements and ensure they are functioning correctly. If the light emitting elements unexpectedly become unusable, the wearer of the glasses may request maintenance or repair measures.

[0126] Referring now to FIG. 25, a pathogen neutralization system 2501 according to one embodiment is shown. In this system 2501, a GUV device 103 is mounted on an air-moving device 109, such as a ceiling fan. The GUV device 103 is powered using an external AC / DC electrical converter 2511, which may be connected to the same AC electrical circuit 2513 that powers the air-moving device. Thus, in this exemplary embodiment, the GUV device 103 is powered only when the air-moving device is operating, thereby generating air circulation directly beneath the GUV device 103. However, the GUV device 103 may also be configured to be powered on regardless of whether the air-moving device is operating.

[0127] Air circulation may be generated in direct proximity to the GUV device 103 and thus configured to remove heat dissipated by the light-emitting elements, thus keeping the GUV device 103 at a safe operating temperature. In some embodiments, the circuitry of the GUV device 103 may be provided with an over-temperature protector configured to shut off the light-emitting elements if the temperature reaches a preset threshold. In some embodiments, the over-temperature protector is a bimetal switch located within the electronic components of the GUV device 103. In some embodiments, the electronic components are printed circuit boards. The printed circuit board may be fabricated using a conductive material, such as aluminum, to efficiently conduct heat dissipated by the light-emitting elements present on the electronic components to the bottom surface of the electronic components, where it can be convectively removed by air circulated by the air-moving device 109.

[0128] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may be provided with a communications link (e.g., Bluetooth, Ethernet, WIFI, infrared, RFID, etc.) to communicate the status of the GUV device 103 to the property owner or health authorities. For example, the communications link may be configured to communicate with a database 2527 and provide information to a user via a mobile device 2521. The communicated status information may include the device serial number, geolocation of the device (civil address and room number), name and means of communication of the owner and maintenance responsible, total operating hours, total number of power cycles, remaining valid time, UVC power level, excessive dust or particulate matter detected, technical issues detected, etc.

[0129] In some embodiments, warnings about abnormal light-emitting element operation and / or lower than expected UVC output can be transmitted via a communications link or via an audible signal to facilitate scheduling of cleaning, maintenance, and / or repair visits. In some embodiments, the audible signal can include a human voice issuing a warning that it is time to replace the light-emitting element and / or clean the light-emitting assembly or light-emitting element.

[0130] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include an occupancy detector configured to detect the number of occupants in the room, and / or a motion detector configured to detect movement in the room, and thus the presence of at least one occupant. The GUV device 103 may be configured to be activated and / or deactivated when the occupancy sensor determines the number of occupants is greater than zero and / or when the motion detector detects movement in the room. In some embodiments, the occupancy detector and the motion detector may be used in conjunction with each other, each acting as a fail-safe for the other.

[0131] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may be configured to shut down after a predetermined period of time that begins when an occupancy detector indicates that the last occupant in the room has left the room and / or when a motion detector indicates that there has been no movement for a specified period of time. The predetermined period of time may be selected to correspond to the amount of time required for the GUV device to adequately disinfect the room air when no new contagion is being introduced by the occupants. Alternatively, the GUV device 103 may be programmed to operate and shut down according to a fixed schedule, such as depending on how long the facility in which the GUV device 103 is deployed is open and occupants are expected to be present. For example, a GUV device 103 deployed in a school classroom may be programmed to operate at 7:00 (i.e., shortly before the occupant is expected to be in the room) and shut down at 18:00 (i.e., shortly after the occupant is expected to have left the room). In this example, the GUV device 103 may be programmed to take into account holidays and other school closures during which the GUV device 103 may shut down. If the GUV device 103 has multiple intermittent operation modes, the GUV device 103 can save energy and extend the life of the light emitting elements. In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 can be activated and / or deactivated by voice command.

[0132] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may be controlled by a system that communicates with multiple pathogen reduction devices and systems within a room and / or building, such as the GUV device 103, ventilation systems, air exchange systems, and other air purification technologies. Advanced analytical techniques, including machine learning algorithms, may be applied to optimize the efficiency of these systems.

[0133] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include at least one light-emitting element with enhanced light output, for example, by including multiple germicidal UV-emitting elements, such as LEDs, within the assembly, or by including a more powerful germicidal UV-emitting element for more efficient disinfection. In some embodiments, the light output of the GUV device 103 can be reduced in warm weather situations where a room's windows are open and physical air exchange is used in combination with germicidal UV radiation disinfection, while still achieving comparable overall sanitation performance. Operating at reduced light output also reduces heat dissipation within the room, thereby avoiding heating of the ambient air and enhancing occupant comfort. Low current in the UV light-emitting element can be achieved in several ways, including varying the resistance of a shunt resistor and varying the supply voltage to the LED within the electronics. Those skilled in the art will be familiar with the many ways in which light-emitting elements can be powered internally to the housing and how power can be increased or decreased depending on user preference.

[0134] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 may include one or more additional indicator lights, such as LEDs, to indicate the operating mode of the GUV device 103, such as running, stopped, disinfection mode, normal function, maintenance required, malfunction, etc. These indicator lights may be any color, for example, green to indicate normal function, or blue / purple to indicate that germicidal UV radiation is being emitted. A multi-color indicator light panel or different color groups of indicator lights, including red to indicate malfunction or the need for maintenance, may be used to indicate the operation of the GUV device 103.

[0135] In some embodiments, an indicator panel, such as a set of vertically or horizontally stacked LED segments, may be installed on the ceiling fan pole. The visible indicator panel may provide information to the occupant based on the time to power the GUV device 103, pathogen sensor, airflow sensor, motion detector, and occupancy detector. The vertical visible indicator may be used to inform the room occupant in real time about the level of pathogen neutralization, effective number of air changes, maintenance requirements, and / or other performance-related indications.

[0136] In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 can be modified to provide aesthetic lighting and / or sound to the room occupants. In some embodiments, the underside of the GUV device 103 can be equipped with a visual display to show images, information, or advertisements to the room occupants. In other embodiments, the GUV device 103 can be equipped with a projector or holographic projector to display images or information on the ceiling or wall. In some embodiments, the GUV device 103 can include a speaker to provide audible information regarding the operation of the GUV device, including music, ambient sounds, and / or start-up sounds and / or warning sounds in case of malfunction. In some embodiments, the speaker can broadcast sound therapy, such as music or sounds that promote the listener's general well-being or concentration, for example in a hospital or school environment.

[0137] The above-described embodiments are for illustrative purposes only.

Claims

1. 1. A sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in indoor air, comprising: a housing defining a sterilized zone having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication therewith, the housing configured to be mounted on, around, or near an air moving device; at least one light emitting element configured to emit germicidal radiation within the sterilized region; A sterilization device comprising:

1. A sterilization apparatus, wherein the inlet and the outlet are configured to allow air to enter the sterilization region through the inlet and exit the sterilization region through the outlet while preventing the sterilizing radiation from exiting the sterilization region.

2. 10. The sterilizer of claim 1, further comprising a light blocking plate coupled to the housing at the inlet and the outlet, the light blocking plate configured to allow air to enter the sterilized region through the inlet and exit the sterilized region through the outlet while preventing the germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilized region.

3. 3. The sterilizer of claim 2, wherein each of the light blocking plates comprises a plurality of louvers configured to allow air to move through the light blocking plate while preventing the germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilization zone.

4. 4. The sterilizer of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of louvers comprises a first plate and a second plate superimposed on one another, the first plate comprising a first protrusion, the second plate comprising a second protrusion, the first protrusion and the second protrusion protruding outwardly from one another to enable fluid communication between the first side and the second side of the plurality of louvers.

5. The sterilizer according to claim 4 , wherein the first plate and the second plate are made of sheet metal.

6. 6. The sterilizer of claim 5, wherein the first protrusion and the second protrusion are formed from the sheet metal by cutting the sheet metal along a cut line and bending the sheet metal to form the first protrusion and the second protrusion, respectively.

7. 7. The sterilizer of claim 6, wherein the cut line of the first protrusion and the cut line of the second protrusion are separated by an offset.

8. 4. The sterilizer of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of louvers comprises a first plate and a second plate joined by an end plate, the second plate comprising an opening aligned with the first plate, the first plate being shaped to allow fluid communication between the first and second sides of the plurality of louvers through the opening.

9. 9. The sterilizer of claim 8, wherein the second plate is formed from sheet metal and the opening is formed by cutting the sheet metal and folding it at a crease to create the angled opening.

10. The sterilizer according to claim 9, wherein the angle is between 45° and 90°.

11. 4. The sterilization device of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of louvers comprises a plurality of lower louver elements coupled to a plurality of upper louver elements, the plurality of lower louver elements and the plurality of upper louver elements being formed to allow fluid communication between first and second sides of the plurality of louvers, and the plurality of lower louver elements overlapping the plurality of upper louver elements to prevent the sterilizing radiation from radiating outside the sterilization zone.

12. A sterilizer according to any preceding claim, wherein the housing is adapted to be mounted around the air moving device.

13. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the inlet allows fluid communication into the housing in an axial or vertical direction.

14. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the outlet allows fluid communication into the housing in a radial or horizontal direction.

15. 1. A sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in indoor air, comprising: a housing defining a sterilized zone having an inlet and an outlet in fluid communication therewith, the housing configured to be mounted on, around, or near an air moving device; at least one light emitting element configured to emit germicidal radiation within the sterilized region; a first light-blocking plate coupled to the housing at the inlet, the first light-blocking plate configured to allow air to enter the sterilized zone through the inlet and to prevent germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilized zone; A sterilization device comprising:

16. 16. The sterilizer of claim 15, wherein the first light blocking plate comprises a plurality of first louvers configured to allow air to enter the sterilization zone through the inlet and to prevent germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilization zone.

17. 17. The sterilizer according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the outlet is provided in an outer wall of the housing.

18. 18. The sterilizer of claim 17, wherein the outer wall comprises a plurality of second louvers configured to allow air to exit the sterilization region through the outlet and to prevent germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilization region.

19. 17. A sterilizer according to claim 15 or claim 16, further comprising a second light blocking plate coupled to the housing at the outlet, the second light blocking plate configured to allow air to exit the sterilization zone through the outlet and to prevent germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilization zone.

20. 20. The sterilizer of claim 19, wherein the second light blocking plate comprises a plurality of second louvers configured to allow air to exit the sterilization region through the outlet and to prevent germicidal radiation from exiting the sterilization region.

21. 21. The sterilization apparatus of any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein the germicidal radiation is at least one of ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation and far UV radiation.

22. The sterilizer according to any one of claims 15 to 21, wherein the at least one light emitting element is an LED.

23. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 15 to 22, wherein the air moving device is a ceiling fan and the housing is configured to be coupled to the ceiling fan.

24. 24. A sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 23, further comprising a UVC power meter configured to monitor the germicidal radiation emitted by the sterilization apparatus.

25. The sterilizer of any one of claims 15 to 24, further comprising a pathogen sensor configured to determine a pathogen concentration in the air in the room.

26. 26. The sterilization apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the pathogen concentration is at least one of a bacterial concentration and a viral concentration.

27. 27. The sterilization apparatus of claim 25 or claim 26, wherein the pathogen sensor is configured to sample and identify at least one pathogen type in the pathogen concentration.

28. The sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 25 to 27, wherein the pathogen sensor is configured to output real-time information regarding the pathogen concentration.

29. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 25 to 28, configured to output geolocation data together with the pathogen concentration.

30. 30. The sterilizer of claim 29, configured to collate the geolocation data with an identification of the room occupant.

31. 31. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 15 to 30, further comprising an over-temperature protection system configured to shut down the at least one light emitting element when the temperature of the sterilizer reaches a predetermined threshold.

32. 32. The sterilizer of claim 31 , wherein the over-temperature protection system includes a bimetallic switch.

33. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 15 to 32, wherein the sterilizer and the air moving device have the same power supply such that stopping the air moving device stops the sterilizer.

34. 34. The sterilizer of any one of claims 15 to 33, further comprising at least one of an occupancy sensor configured to detect a number of occupants in the room, and a motion detector configured to detect movement within the room.

35. 35. The sterilizer of claim 34, configured to activate or deactivate in response to at least one of when the occupancy sensor determines that the number of occupants is greater than zero and when the motion detector detects motion within the room.

36. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 15 to 35, wherein the sterilizer is provided with a power supply configured to activate and / or deactivate the sterilizer at specific time intervals or on a fixed schedule.

37. The sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 36, wherein the sterilizing radiation comprises a wavelength of 100 nm to 400 nm.

38. 38. A sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 37, wherein the germicidal UVC radiation comprises wavelengths between 200 nm and 222 nm.

39. A sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 15 to 38, wherein the germicidal UVC radiation comprises wavelengths between 260nm and 300nm.

40. a disinfection device configured to cooperate with an air moving device to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air in the room before the air is circulated or recirculated in the room by the air moving device; a housing defining a sterilized region; At least one light-emitting element; A sterilization device comprising: a sterilization apparatus including at least one light blocking plate configured to allow air circulated by the air moving device to pass in and out of the housing while preventing germicidal radiation from exiting the housing.

41. 1. A sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in indoor air, comprising: a housing defining a sterilized region; at least one light emitting element coupled within the housing and configured to emit germicidal radiation within the sterilized region; A sterilization device comprising: a sterilization device configured to cooperate with the air moving device to move air into the housing, through the sterilization zone defined by the germicidal radiation and the housing, and out of the housing.

42. 1. A pathogen neutralization system configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in indoor air, an air moving device; A sterilization device comprising: Housing, and At least one light emitting element electronically coupled to the electronic component A sterilization device comprising: a power source configured to provide power to the electronic component; A pathogen neutralization system comprising: A pathogen neutralization system wherein the sterilization device is configured to cooperate with the air moving device to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air before the air is circulated or recirculated within the room by the air moving device.

43. 43. The pathogen neutralization system of claim 42, further comprising a UVC power meter configured to determine a UVC output level of the at least one light emitting element.

44. 44. The pathogen neutralization system of claim 42 or claim 43, further comprising a user interface and a communications link configured to communicate the status of the sterilization device to the user interface.

45. 45. The pathogen neutralization system of claim 44, wherein the communication link is configured to communicate via at least one of short-range wireless technology, Ethernet, WiFi, infrared light waves, and radio frequency identification.

46. 46. ​​The pathogen neutralization system of claim 45, wherein the status includes at least one of the device's identification number, geolocation data, maintenance information, operating hours, number of output cycles, and UVC output level.

47. 47. A pathogen neutralization system as described in any one of claims 42 to 46, wherein the air moving device is an existing air moving device and the sterilization device is retrofitted to the existing air moving device.

48. 48. The pathogen neutralization system of claim 47, wherein the existing air moving device is a ceiling fan having a shaft, and the sterilization device is coupled to the shaft.

49. 1. A sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in indoor air, comprising: a support assembly configured to be mounted to an upper portion of the room; a light emitting assembly electronically coupled to the support assembly and including a light emitting element configured to emit germicidal radiation; A sterilization device comprising: a disinfection device configured to cooperate with the air moving device to reduce the concentration of pathogens in the air before the air is circulated or recirculated within the room by the air moving device.

50. 50. The sterilizer of claim 49, wherein the germicidal radiation is UVC radiation and is emitted in a direction toward an upper portion of the room and away from a lower portion of the room.

51. 51. A sterilizer according to claim 49 or claim 50, wherein the support assembly comprises a printed circuit board electronically coupled to the light emitting assembly and configured to operate the light emitting assembly.

52. 52. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 49 to 51, wherein the support assembly is configured to be removably coupled to the ceiling fan.

53. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 49 to 52, wherein the support assembly comprises an opening for receiving the shaft of the air moving device.

54. 54. The sterilizer of claim 53, further comprising a mounting assembly operably coupled to the support assembly and configured to mount the support assembly to the shaft.

55. 55. The sterilizer of claim 54, wherein the mounting assembly comprises a mechanical clip configured to fit into the opening in the support assembly to couple the support assembly to the shaft.

56. 56. The sterilization device of claim 55, wherein the mechanical clip comprises a first clip portion and a second clip portion configured to couple together, the first clip portion and the second clip portion defining a clip opening configured to fit over the shaft when coupled together.

57. 57. The sterilizer of claim 56, wherein the connection between the first clip portion and the second clip portion is adjustable such that the mechanical clip can be sized and shaped to fit multiple shafts.

58. 58. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 55 to 57, wherein the mechanical clip comprises a circumferential groove configured to receive a periphery of the support assembly.

59. 59. The sterilizer of claim 58, wherein the mechanical clip comprises a protrusion in the circumferential groove configured to fit into a corresponding groove formed around the opening in the support assembly.

60. 55. The sterilizer of claim 54, wherein the mounting assembly comprises a magnetic clip operably coupled to the support assembly and configured to couple the support assembly to the shaft.

61. 61. A sterilisation apparatus as described in any one of claims 53 to 60, wherein the support assembly comprises a first part and a second part that are pivotally coupled to each other and that together at least partially define the opening, and when in an open configuration the support assembly can be mounted on the air moving device, and when in a closed configuration the shaft extends through the opening to mount the support assembly to the air moving device.

62. 62. The sterilizer of claim 61 , wherein the support assembly comprises a bumper on one of the first and second portions configured to prevent overlapping of the first and second portions when in the closed configuration.

63. 63. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 62, further comprising a protective skirt removably coupled to the support assembly, the protective skirt defining a sterilisation zone together with the light emitting assembly.

64. 64. The sterilizer of claim 63, wherein the protective skirt is removably coupled around the support assembly.

65. 65. The sterilizer of claim 64, wherein the protective skirt comprises first and second skirt portions removably coupled to each other and to at least one of the support assemblies.

66. 66. The sterilizer of claim 65, wherein the first skirt portion and the second skirt portion each include an internal groove configured to receive a periphery of the support assembly.

67. 67. The sterilizer of claim 66, wherein the internal groove comprises channels distributed between support structures configured to receive portions of the support assemblies.

68. A sterilisation device as described in any one of claims 65 to 67, wherein the first skirt portion and the second skirt portion each have a protrusion at a first end thereof and an opening at a second end thereof, the opening of the first skirt portion configured to receive the protrusion of the second skirt portion, and the opening of the second skirt portion configured to receive the protrusion of the first skirt portion to removably join the first skirt portion to the second skirt portion.

69. 69. The sterilizer of claim 68, wherein the first skirt portion comprises a first shield on the first end configured to overlap the second end of the second skirt portion when the first skirt portion and the second skirt portion are joined together.

70. 70. A sterilisation apparatus as claimed in claim 68 or claim 69, wherein the second skirt portion comprises a second shield on the first end configured to overlap the second end of the first skirt portion when the first and second skirt portions are joined together.

71. 71. A sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 70, wherein the protective skirt further comprises a flared section extending axially from a periphery of the support assembly and configured to block a portion of the germicidal UVC radiation.

72. 72. The sterilization device of claim 71, wherein the flare section is configured to prevent the germicidal UVC radiation from emitting into the lower portion of the room.

73. 73. A germicidal apparatus as claimed in claim 71 or claim 72, wherein the flare section is configured to prevent the germicidal UVC radiation from being emitted horizontally or below the horizon.

74. 74. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 71 to 73, wherein when coupled to the support assembly, the flared section curves radially outwards from the periphery of the support assembly.

75. 64. The sterilizer of claim 63, wherein the protective skirt comprises a bottom wall having a skirt opening configured to receive the shaft of the air moving device.

76. 76. The sterilizer of claim 75, wherein the support assembly comprises at least one opening, the bottom wall comprises at least one protrusion, and the protective skirt is removably coupled to the support assembly by the at least one protrusion coupled to the at least one opening.

77. 77. A sterilising apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 76, further comprising a second skirt joined around the protective skirt.

78. 78. A sterilizer according to claim 77, wherein the second skirt is concentric with the protective skirt.

79. A sterilising apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 78, wherein the protective skirt is made of a flexible material.

80. 80. A sterilisation apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 63 to 79, wherein the protective skirt further comprises a plurality of openings, each of the plurality of openings being coupled at a first end thereof to a tubular section, the tubular section being configured to direct air into the sterilisation zone.

81. 81. A sterilizer according to claim 80, wherein the plurality of openings extend through the protective skirt at a tangential angle such that air channeled through the tubular section is inserted tangentially into the sterilization zone.

82. 82. A sterilizer according to claim 80 or claim 81, wherein the plurality of openings and the tubular section are configured to insert air tangentially to create a vortex or circular air movement.

83. 83. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 80 to 82, wherein the second end of each of the tubular sections comprises an air filter configured to prevent particles from entering the sterilisation region.

84. 84. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 83, further comprising a protective cover configured to be removably coupled to the protective skirt or the support assembly over the light emitting assembly.

85. 85. The sterilizer of claim 84, wherein the protective cover is a convex dome.

86. 86. A sterilizer according to claim 84 or claim 85, wherein the protective cover is made of a light-transmitting material.

87. 87. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 86, further comprising a baffle coupled to the protective skirt or the support assembly, the baffle comprising a plurality of holes configured to direct an emission cone of the germicidal radiation.

88. 88. The sterilization apparatus of claim 87, wherein the plurality of holes have a diameter configured to allow a central beam of the germicidal radiation to pass through the baffle and into the sterilization zone.

89. 89. A sterilisation apparatus according to claim 87 or claim 88, wherein the plurality of holes are provided at increasing radial offsets towards the periphery of the baffle to direct the emission cone of the sterilising radiation.

90. 90. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 89, further comprising a fan configured to generate additional airflow to prevent particle build-up on at least one of the light emitting assembly and the support assembly.

91. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 49 to 90, wherein at least part of the sterilizer is coated with an anti-dust coating.

92. 92. The sterilization apparatus of any one of claims 49 to 91, further comprising a mirror operably coupled to the support assembly and configured to reflect an image of at least one of the support assembly and the light emitting assembly towards the lower part of the room.

93. 93. The sterilizer of claim 92, wherein the mirror is configured to reflect visible light and prevent reflection of the germicidal radiation into the lower portion of the room.

94. 94. The sterilizer of any one of claims 49 to 93, further comprising a dust removal device comprising a dust removal arm pivotally connected to the support assembly, the dust removal arm being configured to pivot about a central axis of the support assembly.

95. 95. A sterilizer as claimed in claim 94, wherein the dust removal arm comprises dust removal material or fabric.

96. 96. The sterilizer of claim 94 or claim 95, further comprising an electric motor, wherein the dust removal device is operated by the electric motor.

97. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 94 to 96, wherein the dust removal device is activated at the start or end of an output cycle of the sterilizer.

98. The sterilizer according to any one of claims 94 to 96, wherein the dust removal device operates at predetermined time intervals.

99. 99. A sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 98, further comprising a UVC power meter configured to monitor the germicidal radiation emitted by the sterilization apparatus.

100. 100. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 99, further comprising a pathogen sensor configured to determine a pathogen concentration in the air in the room.

101. 101. The sterilization device of claim 100, wherein the pathogen concentration is at least one of a bacterial concentration and a viral concentration.

102. 102. A sterilization apparatus according to claim 100 or claim 101, wherein the pathogen sensor is configured to capture and identify at least one pathogen type in the pathogen concentration.

103. A sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 100 to 102, wherein the pathogen sensor is configured to output real-time information regarding the pathogen concentration.

104. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 100 to 103, configured to output geolocation data together with the pathogen concentration.

105. 105. A sterilization device according to claim 104, configured to collate the geolocation data with an identification of the room occupant.

106. 106. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 49 to 105, further comprising an over-temperature protection system configured to shut down the light emitting assembly when the temperature of the sterilizer reaches a predetermined threshold.

107. 107. The sterilizer of claim 106, wherein the over-temperature protection system comprises a bimetallic switch.

108. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 49 to 107, wherein the sterilizer and the air moving device have the same power source such that stopping the air moving device stops the sterilizer.

109. 109. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 108, further comprising at least one of an occupancy sensor configured to detect the number of occupants in the room, and a motion detector configured to detect movement within the room.

110. 110. The sterilizer of claim 109, configured to activate or deactivate in response to at least one of: when the occupancy sensor determines that the number of occupants is greater than zero; and when the motion detector detects motion within the room.

111. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 49 to 110, configured to be activated and / or deactivated by voice command.

112. A sterilizer according to any one of claims 49 to 111, wherein the sterilizer is provided with a power supply configured to activate and / or deactivate the sterilizer at specific time intervals or on a fixed schedule.

113. 113. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 112, having a disinfection mode configured for use with at least one occupant in the room, and a rapid disinfection mode configured for use with no occupants in the room.

114. 114. The sterilizer of claim 113, wherein the rapid disinfection mode is activated by the occupancy sensor.

115. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 114, wherein the support assembly comprises an electrically conductive material configured to conduct heat dissipated by the light emitting assembly.

116. 116. The sterilizer of claim 115, wherein the conductive material comprises aluminum.

117. A sterilisation apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 49 to 116, further comprising a visual indicator configured to output a real-time performance indicator based on at least one of pathogen concentration, airflow and occupancy.

118. 118. A sterilization apparatus as described in any one of claims 49 to 117, further comprising a low-reflectance blocker located at an end of a sterilization zone defined by the sterilizing radiation, the low-reflectance blocker configured to reduce the sterilizing radiation reflected towards the lower part of the room.

119. 119. The disinfection device of claim 118, wherein the low reflectance blocker comprises a material having low reflectance in the UVC spectral range.

120. 120. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 119, further comprising a flexible membrane configured to be mounted on a ceiling of the room, the flexible membrane configured to minimise the germicidal radiation being reflected towards the lower part of the room.

121. 121. A disinfection device as described in claim 120, wherein the flexible membrane includes a UVC absorbing coating.

122. 122. The disinfection device of claim 121, wherein the UVC absorbing coating is a zinc oxide paint.

123. 123. A sterilization apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 122, further comprising a cover configured to be placed over the light emitting assembly, the cover configured to minimize the UVC light being reflected towards the lower part of the room.

124. 124. The sterilizer of claim 123, wherein the cover is configured to be mounted to the support assembly, the air moving device, or the ceiling of the room.

125. 125. A sterilizer according to claim 123 or claim 124, wherein the cover comprises at least one of a UV resistant material and a UV absorbing material.

126. 126. The sterilizer of claim 125, wherein the cover comprises polycarbonate / polybutylene terephthalate.

127. A sterilisation device according to any one of claims 123 to 126, wherein the cover is provided with grooves configured to reduce UV reflectance of the cover.

128. 63. A sterilisation apparatus according to any one of claims 49 to 62, further comprising a casing operably connected to the support assembly opposite the sterilisation zone.

129. 129. The sterilizer of claim 128, wherein the casing comprises a casing opening configured to allow airflow on a bottom side of the light emitting assembly or the support assembly.

130. 1. A sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in indoor air, comprising: a support assembly configured to be mounted to an upper portion of the room, the support assembly comprising a circuit board; a light emitting assembly comprising a light emitting element electronically coupled to the circuit board; a protective skirt configured to surround at least a portion of the light emitting assembly and to define a sterilized region together with the light emitting assembly; A sterilization device comprising: the protective skirt includes a plurality of openings, each of the plurality of openings configured to cooperate with an air moving device to direct air into the sterilization zone; The light emitting device is configured to emit germicidal radiation within the sterilization region.

131. 131. A sterilizer according to claim 130, wherein each of the plurality of openings is coupled at a first end thereof to a tubular section, the tubular section being configured to direct air into the sterilization region.

132. 132. A sterilisation apparatus as claimed in claim 130 or claim 131, wherein the plurality of openings extend through the side wall of the protective skirt at a tangential angle such that air channelled through the tubular section is inserted tangentially into the sterilisation zone.

133. 132. A sterilisation apparatus as claimed in claim 130 or claim 131, wherein the plurality of openings and the tubular section are configured to insert air tangentially into the sterilisation region to create a vortex or circular air movement.

134. A sterilisation apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 130 to 133, wherein the second end of each of the tubular sections comprises an air filter configured to prevent particles from entering the sterilisation zone.

135. 1. A sterilization device configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in indoor air, comprising:

1. A light emitting assembly comprising: a light-emitting element configured to emit germicidal radiation; and A circuit board configured to be attached to an air moving device a light emitting assembly comprising: a mounting assembly operably coupled to the light emitting assembly and configured to mount to a shaft of the air moving device; A sterilization device comprising: The sterilization device is configured to cooperate with the air moving device to move air through a sterilization zone defined by the germicidal radiation.

136. 136. A sterilization apparatus as described in claim 135, further comprising a protective skirt configured to surround the periphery of the light emitting assembly and to define a sterilization zone together with the light emitting assembly.

137. 1. A pathogen neutralization system configured to reduce a concentration of pathogens in indoor air, an air moving device; A sterilization device comprising: a circuit board assembly; and a light emitting assembly electronically coupled to said circuit board assembly; A sterilization device comprising: a power supply configured to provide power to the circuit board assembly; A pathogen neutralization system comprising: A pathogen neutralization system wherein the sterilization device is configured to cooperate with the air moving device to reduce a concentration of pathogens in the air before the air is circulated or recirculated within the room by the air moving device.

138. 138. The pathogen neutralization system of claim 137, wherein the air moving device is an existing air moving device and the sterilization device is retrofitted to the existing air moving device.

139. 138. The pathogen neutralization system of claim 137, wherein the existing air moving device is a ceiling fan having a shaft, and the sterilization device is coupled to the shaft.

140. 1. A method for reducing a concentration of pathogens in indoor air using an air moving device, comprising: (i) providing a sterilization device comprising a light-emitting assembly configured to emit germicidal radiation that defines a sterilization zone; (ii) positioning the sterilization device adjacent to the air moving device such that air is exposed to the sterilization zone before being circulated within the room; (iii) circulating air using the air moving device; (iv) exposing air to the sterilized area; A method comprising:

141. 141. The method of claim 140, further comprising providing the sterilization device with a protective assembly to further define the sterilization zone.

142. 142. A method according to claim 140 or claim 141, wherein the sterilisation device comprises at least one of an occupancy detector and a motion detector, the method further comprising the step of detecting the occupancy rate of the room using the occupancy detector and / or the motion detector.

143. 143. The method of claim 142, wherein step (iv) of exposing air to the sterilized zone is activated and / or deactivated based on the occupancy rate of the room.

144. A method according to any one of claims 140 to 143, wherein step (iii) of circulating air using the air moving device and step (iv) of exposing the air to the sterilised area are carried out simultaneously.

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