Water Treatment Systems

Abstract

The present invention is a chemical-free water purification system. The essential components of the system are a chamber having an inlet and an outlet for incoming and outgoing air flowing into a water storage tank; at least one UV irradiation lamp; optionally, a UV irradiation reflective cover on the interior wall of the chamber; at least one double magnetic ring pair; and a skeleton configured to occupy a central volume of the chamber centered on the central longitudinal axis of the chamber. The skeleton has an interior space for accommodating the lamp and a retaining element for retaining the double magnetic ring pair around the lamp. The UV irradiation reflective cover is configured to amplify the interaction of UV irradiation with oxygen molecules in the incoming air. The double magnetic ring pair is configured to enhance the local magnetic field, increasing the number and average lifetime of radicalized oxygen molecules and improving water purification.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to non-chemical water purification systems, and more particularly to systems and apparatus that utilize the conversion of ambient air into radicalized oxygen gas that is produced for the purpose of further water purification. [Background technology]

[0002] Water purification has become an essential requirement due to the continuous contamination of water and the need to provide drinkable water. Various chemical and non-chemical methods have been proposed for water purification. Regarding non-chemical methods, the prior art and the systems disclosed therein only address partial aspects of chamber models for purifying water by producing a purifying reactive gas or air and related functionality. Therefore, in all prior art, the integration of system components, including a UV irradiation source, a magnetic field generating source, and a means for air flow into the chamber, is separated as much as possible to achieve maximum system efficiency and optimal performance. As an example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,655,933 to Johnson, ferromagnetic elements that induce a magnetic flux field inside the air flow chamber are located on the outside or corners of the chamber to presumably eliminate any undesirable perturbations that may be introduced into the ambient air gas flowing from the inlet to the outlet of the chamber, reducing overall system performance. As a result, in the related embodiment disclosed in Johnson, the interaction between the ambient air molecules and the magnetic field induced by the ferromagnetic rod in the disclosed configuration is limited by the air chamber diameter and its geometry. These parameters are designed according to various considerations, including the required air capacity and water purification rate. Unfortunately, such design rules and architectures do not leave sufficient room / degree of freedom for those skilled in the art to design and create highly efficient systems optimized for the requirements of specific applications and corresponding client needs. Similarly, U.S. Patent No. 9,321,665 to Kolstad et al. discloses a similar method and apparatus with enhanced performance due to magnetic rods in an antisymmetric configuration that induces a larger magnetic flux toward the oxygen gas component of air. Due to the use of ferromagnetic rods, Johnson and Kolstad suffer from the following problems that degrade the performance of the ionization chamber: i. The magnetic field does not have concentric cylindrical symmetry, which results in non-concentric perturbations of the incoming flowing ambient gas. The non-concentric distribution of radicalized gas results in higher physical interactions between the chamber walls and the surrounding flowing gas profile that mimics the chamber's cylindrical shape.As a result of this perturbation, higher recombination rates are expected due to higher interactions between oxygen radicals and ambient gas components. ii. To achieve maximum performance, the magnetic rods and associated polarities need to be aligned relative to the ionization chamber, relative to other magnetic rods within a given region, and between adjacent regions. To overcome this, Kolstad et al. fitted magnetic rods inside long magnetic tubes. Magnetic rods solve the alignment problem, however, they also occupy a significantly larger amount of volume inside the ionization chamber, reducing its capacity to conduct compressed ambient air. As a result, any slight increase in rod diameter, which could increase the magnetic field within the chamber, can result in a significant reduction in the ionization chamber's free volume, limiting options for optimizing ionization chamber performance.

[0003] To compensate for the noted drawbacks, the UV power specification or compressed gas levels may be increased, however, this may result in undesirable thermal instabilities and further degrade ionization chamber performance.

[0004] When all necessary components within the ionization chamber are properly configured together, undesirable side effects that can reduce the system's efficiency and its ionization rate and purification characteristics can be avoided. Such undesirable side effects can be caused by unnecessary increases in UV power irradiance due to scattering and absorption, and as a result, undesirable asymmetric geometric perturbations that limit the coupling between the UV and the ambient gas. Alternatively, the UV power can be strengthened or the compressed air velocity can be increased. However, any changes in the ionization chamber's characteristics can alter the thermal and other characteristics of the airflow, resulting in reduced system efficiency. In another aspect, an inefficient magnitude of the magnetic flux applied to oxygen paramagnetic gas molecules inside the chamber can result in an inefficient system that can only function properly at low compression values ​​of the flowing air.

[0005] Moreover, too high a compressed gas value or UV power can result in higher gas temperatures and a significant increase in the rate at which oxygen gas-phase radicals recombine back to their natural diatomic and / or neutral state due to relatively enhanced interactions between oxygen gas molecules and the chamber sidewalls, and between radicalized oxygen gas molecules and other neutral oxygen, nitrogen, and other non-radical air molecules.

[0006] WO 2019 / 135239, assigned to the applicant of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference, describes a chemical-free water purification system. Its essential components include a chamber housing one or more pairs of magnetic rings arranged along the length of the chamber, a UV lamp at the center of the chamber, and a skeleton holding the magnetic rings and UV lamp at its center. The system's configuration is essentially concentric to minimize perturbations to the inlet and outlet air profiles and distribution. Water treatment using radicalized oxygen within the chamber resulted in exceptional reductions in inorganic, organic, and biological impurities, resulting in high levels of clear, transparent water. These impurities are believed to break down into fragments or react with other impurity compounds or water molecules to produce precipitates. The purified water exhibits low levels of organic, inorganic, and biological impurities and is drinkable and particularly suitable for livestock. However, it must meet higher standards under stricter regulations to be suitable for use. To this end, field experiments have shown that the chamber should be modified under certain circumstances to provide more efficient and / or increased production of radicalized oxygen and more efficiently reduce the concentration of impurities to the required levels.

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved, efficient, high performance non-chemical water purification system.

[0008] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a water purification system having a radicalized molecular oxygen producing chamber with a concentric configuration and amplified UV irradiation and magnetic field to improve the production of ionized allotropic oxygen gas as a purification agent introduced into the water.

[0009] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a system in which the coupling of variables affecting the production of oxygen allotropes enhances the efficiency of the system in purifying water, further reducing the concentration levels of impurities according to required standards.

[0010] It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and method that is scalable according to the volume of the water reservoir.

[0011] This and other objects and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent as the present specification proceeds. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The present invention relates to a non-chemical water purification, treatment, and maintenance system. In particular, the present invention relates to a system that utilizes modified air that is radicalized / excited and introduced into a container containing contaminated water using a mechanical pressure pump / compressor and gas directing means. The air radicals and their associated products undergo vigorous electrical and chemical reactions with the contaminated water, resulting in near-complete elimination of contaminants, which are dissolved, precipitated, flushed, and discharged from the system, leaving behind highly purified water. Chemical water purification systems are well known in the prior art. However, such treatments only produce partial water purification with additional chemical by-products that cause side effects. In contrast to these systems, the present invention does not utilize any auxiliary substances, such as chemical detergents or biocides used against inorganic and organic infections, and does not have any side effects or undesirable by-products. Similar non-chemical prior art systems have been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,655,933 and 9,321,665, as discussed above.

[0013] WO2019 / 135239, assigned to the applicant of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference, describes a chemical-free water purification system, which comprises: said chamber having inlets and outlets for incoming and outgoing air flowing into and out of said chamber into a water storage tank; At least one UV irradiation lamp; At least one pair of magnetic rings; and a skeleton configured to occupy a central volume of the chamber from top to bottom about a central longitudinal axis of the chamber, the skeleton having an interior space for accommodating the at least one UV irradiation lamp, and at least one pair of holding elements for holding the at least one pair of magnetic rings around the at least one UV irradiation lamp; Equipped with an outer diameter of the magnetic rings is smaller than an inner diameter of the chamber, and a distance between each adjacent pair of the retaining elements on the skeleton is such that placing these pairs of magnetic rings on the retaining elements generates a localized magnetic field; The purification system has a concentric configuration that provides minimal perturbation to the incoming and outgoing air profile and distribution, and the at least one pair of magnetic rings are positioned parallel to each other and configured to induce a maximum concentric magnetic flux field on the flowing incoming and outgoing air molecules.

[0014] The chamber configuration described in WO 2019 / 135239 demonstrated exceptional reductions in inorganic, organic, and biological impurities, resulting in a high level of clear, transparent water. It was assumed that these impurities either broke down into fragments or reacted with other impurity compounds or water molecules to produce precipitates. The purified water exhibited low levels of organic, inorganic, and biological impurities and was drinkable and particularly suitable for livestock. However, more heavily contaminated water required expanding the chamber's capacity to generate more radicalized oxygen molecules per given volume of inflow and outflow air, particularly to attack biological contaminants and remove them from the water reservoir to make it drinkable for livestock. Therefore, achieving further purification of water to meet higher standards and regulations required modifying the chamber's characteristics to improve the probability of generating radicalized oxygen molecules and their average lifetime in their excited state. It was assumed that improvements in these two parameters would improve the number of radicalized oxygen molecules per given volume of air and the level of water purification resulting from the diffusion of radicalized oxygen into the water.

[0015] The key problem was how to make such improvements within the limited chamber without changing its dimensions and internal structure. Maintaining the current size, structure, and internal configuration of the chamber housing the magnetic ring and UV radiation generating lamps, while increasing its radical molecular oxygen capacity, would benefit the compact size of the system. Furthermore, the improved capacity of the system would benefit the system as a whole and its ability to process various volumes of water reservoirs without expanding the volume of the chamber in particular. Therefore, increasing the yield of radicalized molecular oxygen requires modifying the internal portion of the chamber, within the constraints of maintaining its volume and the overall physical model that the inventors assume applies to the chamber configuration.

[0016] Thus, the present invention includes the following improvements to the chamber, which do not involve any changes to the basic size, shape, and internal configuration of the chamber. Furthermore, the fluid interface and electrical contacts with the water reservoir and air pump remain unchanged, thus allowing the chamber to maintain the same airflow parameters internally and connect to the water reservoir by the same means: 1. To enhance the effect of irradiation on the incoming oxygen molecules, the interior surfaces of the chamber walls are covered with an electromagnetic radiation reflective cover suitable for reflecting UV radiation in the wavelength range generated and emitted by the UV lamp. It was assumed that this back-irradiation, specularly reflected by the reflective cover, would interact with more oxygen molecules in any given volume inside the chamber and electrically excite more of them up to a certain rate. Even if such a rate is not linear, an increase in the number of radicalized oxygen molecules, the addition of radicalized oxygen, was believed to contribute to the total yield. Such an increase can be appropriately represented by multiplying a coefficient between 0 and 1 by the volume concentration of oxygen molecules in the case of non-specularly reflected UV irradiation in the previous configuration. Alternatively, a coefficient of 1.X can be used, where X is between 0 and, for example, 0.99, for the improved chamber, where the previous chamber configuration is treated as the reference value and represented by a coefficient value of 1.

[0017] The number of magnetic rings per pair was doubled. That is, an additional ring with a specific magnetic strength was added for every ring in the magnetic ring pair, as shown in the figure. This generated a stronger magnetic field while maintaining its spatial localization relative to the magnetic field generated by neighboring magnetic ring pairs around the main axis of the chamber. Here, we assume that the enhanced local magnetic field allows more radicalized oxygen molecules to aggregate within the limited volume of the magnetic field in the chamber. We further assume that the average lifetime of radicalized oxygen molecules is proportional to the size of the aggregates of radicalized oxygen molecules within the magnetic field. The larger the aggregate, the longer the average lifetime of the radicalized oxygen molecules. This is because larger aggregates allow the excited state of oxygen molecules to be maintained for a longer period of time due to collisions between excited-state molecules. The fewer oxygen molecules in the aggregate in the ground state, or the higher the ratio between excited molecules and incoming molecules in the ground state in the limited volume of the magnetic field, the longer the average lifetime of the excited molecules and the fewer excited molecules that return to the ground state before leaving the chamber for the water bath. In one embodiment of the present invention, a chamber for generating radicalized molecular oxygen for a water purification and treatment system has a cylindrical geometry with a housing sleeve having a cylindrical geometry, wherein the housing frame has a cylindrical geometry.

[0018] In another embodiment of the present invention, the chamber for generating radicalized oxygen molecules for water purification and treatment further comprises sets of concentric cylindrical ferromagnetic rings configured with similar relative magnetic polarity or with relatively opposite magnetic polarity at top, center, and bottom locations along the tube chamber major axis, where each set comprises magnetic rings with opposite magnetic polarity, and the rings are mechanically connected to a skeleton carrier having a base holder.

[0019] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the magnetic rings are arranged in pairs to generate spatially localized magnetic fields within the volume of the chamber. In yet another embodiment, the rings are arranged in sets, where each set comprises a pair of double rings facing each other with opposite or same polarity.

[0020] In another embodiment of the present invention, the ionization chamber of the water purification and treatment system is made from an aluminum material.

[0021] In another embodiment of the present invention, the ionization chamber of the water purification and treatment system is coated with PVC (Polyvinylchloride).

[0022] In yet another embodiment, the interior walls of the chamber are covered with a cover that reflects electromagnetic radiation, particularly in the UV range. Specifically, the cover is made of aluminum foil. Other options for reflecting back UV radiation include anodized aluminum, stainless steel, and glossy paint, which reflect UV radiation.

[0023] In another embodiment of the invention, the housing frame is made from aluminum and its UV lamp and ferromagnetic element skeleton carrier including attached holders is made from steel / aluminum and coated with stainless steel.

[0024] In another embodiment of the invention, the chamber that generates the radicalized oxygen molecules is connected to a venturi pump that draws activated air from the chamber into treated water piping that is connected to an animal's drinking water system or irrigation system or water reservoir.

[0025] In another embodiment of the present invention, the housing frame of the water purification and treatment system is made from or coated with stainless steel.

[0026] In another embodiment of the present invention, the interior surface of the chamber comprises a housing sleeve frame, the inside of the sleeve housing frame and the top and bottom covers being coated with TiO2.

[0027] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further comprises a plurality of UV lamps of suitable design and configuration.

[0028] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further comprises an air diffuser connected on one side to the air pump and on the other side to the ionization chamber inlet.

[0029] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system includes a venturi air tube line connected on one side to an air pump or air diffuser outlet and on the other side to an ionization chamber inlet through an adapter.

[0030] In another embodiment of the invention, the exterior of the ionization chamber is provided with air and electrical inlets and outlets that are insulated with Teflon material for vacuum insulation purposes.

[0031] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further comprises a pre-filtering device configured to remove impurities and contaminants from the ambient air before it is injected into the cylindrical chamber.

[0032] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further comprises a water cooling system.

[0033] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system includes a plurality of adapters connected to the chamber air inlet and outlet ports and other electrical ports, the adapters being designed with threaded sides to allow very strong threaded mechanical attachment to external tubing or electrical wire connections.

[0034] In another embodiment of the present invention, the radicalized irradiated air is pumped from an external tube into a water tank or container, where the water may be agitated to achieve better results, so that the pumped radicalized air can produce a desired dynamic motion in the water.

[0035] In another embodiment of the present invention, the radicalized air purifies water by forming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through a vigorous reaction of oxygen radical molecules that react with water molecules and contaminants in the water.

[0036] In another embodiment of the present invention, water purification is achieved by direct interaction between oxygen radical allotropes, which are produced in the chamber and diffuse in their gas phase into the water and contaminants therein.

[0037] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system further comprises a module for draining and washing away contaminant debris and precipitating it from the purified water.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, the water purification and treatment system is connected to various types of water reservoirs, systems, and conduits, such as drinking water supply systems, swimming pools, and water pipes, and can be used in various areas of industry, agriculture, farming, gardening, recycling, and municipal applications.

[0039] In another embodiment of the present invention, a water purification and treatment system injects compressed ambient air into a chamber and converts it into a radicalized / excited gas phase containing molecular oxygen allotropes, which the system further transports through the chamber outlet and external tubing into a water container or tank.

[0040] In one aspect, the present invention relates to a non-chemical water purification treatment system. In another aspect of the present invention, the system is configured to treat and maintain dirty or contaminated water using modified ambient air without any additional use of auxiliary substances such as chemical detergents or biocides.

[0041] In one embodiment of the invention, the system is provided in a compact, closed chamber for safety and portability. In another embodiment of the invention, the system is connected to various types of water reservoirs, systems, and conduits, such as drinking water systems, swimming pools, and water pipes. In yet another embodiment, the system is used in various fields, including industry, agriculture, farming, gardening, recycling, and municipal applications.

[0042] In one particular embodiment of the invention, the system injects and compresses modified ambient air through a cylindrical tube chamber that electrically radicalizes the gas it contains, where the ambient air is composed mostly of nitrogen and oxygen gas molecules. In a further embodiment of the invention, the paramagnetic properties of the oxygen component of ambient air, which is composed mostly of diatomic oxygen gas molecules, are utilized to focus and concentrate the oxygen molecules toward specific locations within the tube chamber. This is done using a permanent magnetic flux field applied using a specific configuration of concentric ferromagnetic ring-shaped elements located inside the ionization chamber. These rings are located inside the cylindrical tube chamber along its major axis.

[0043] In yet a further aspect of the present invention, molecular oxygen is exposed to UV light emitted from a UV light source having two internal lamps with two different wavelength ranges of UV light, 180-195 nm and 240-280 nm, respectively. The UV light source generates homolytic cleavage of chemical bonds within the oxygen molecule, leading to multiple stable radical oxygen molecule products comprising allotropes of the oxygen molecule in different electronically excited states.

[0044] In one particular aspect of the invention, stable oxygen radicals are directed out of the cylindrical tube chamber by applied external pressure and into the water purification and treatment tank. In yet another embodiment, the cylindrical tube chamber is made of or internally coated with an inert material, such as TiO, designed for physical protection from the flowing radicalized oxygen gas.

[0045] In yet another aspect of the present invention, the radicalized irradiated air is pumped into water, where the water is agitated for better results, so that the pumped radicalized air can produce a desirable dynamic motion in the water.

[0046] In yet another aspect of the invention, the radicalized air purifies water by forming hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through a vigorous reaction of radicalized oxygen molecules reacting with water molecules and contaminants in the water. In yet another aspect of the invention, in addition to the hydrogen peroxide interaction, there is a direct interaction between oxygen allotrope radicals and contaminants.

[0047] In yet another aspect of the invention, the system produces water of high degree of purification and quality without producing chemical and / or biological organic or inorganic by-products or other side effects as occurs with chemical water purification reactions. In yet another aspect of the invention, the system continuously supplies the water with oxygen radicals from the air to ensure constant purification and supply of purified water.

[0048] The present invention and the disclosed system are designed for the treatment, purification and maintenance of dirty or contaminated water inside various large water storage containers utilizing modified ionized air products without any other auxiliary chemicals such as chemical detergents or biocides used for inorganic and organic infections as used in some prior studies.

[0049] Device The current system produces modified ambient air by injecting compressed ambient air into the inlet of a cylindrical tube-shaped chamber, where it is transformed through a radicalization process upon exposure to UV light irradiation in two different UV light wavelength ranges: 180-195 nm and 240-280 nm. Ambient oxygen gas is highly reactive, and its paramagnetic properties are exploited here by directing, concentrating, and concentrating it toward a specific location using an external magnetic flux, magnetically activating it to the higher magnetization level required to extend the UV irradiation excitation process into its radical allotrope phase. The magnetic flux is generated by a specific configuration of concentric ferromagnetic ring-shaped elements at specific locations inside the chamber. The ambient air, specifically the paramagnetic oxygen molecules magnetized by the ring's magnetic field, is further irradiated by a UV light irradiation source, which induces higher-state energy in its radicals. The radicalized oxygen phase, containing multiple ionized and excited oxygen-state allotropes, is directed by external pressure to the tube-chamber outlet and pumped into the contaminated water. The water is agitated, creating the desired dynamics necessary to improve the solubility of the ionized oxygen radicals pumped into the water. The modified air is expected to purify the water through the vigorous reaction of radical oxygen gas molecules to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which then reacts with contaminants, or alternatively, through direct interaction between the oxygen gas molecule radicals and the contaminants. A portion of the oxygen radicals are expected to be concentrated within small bubbles, which act as agents that allow the oxygen radicals to directly interact with water contaminants. The contaminants are either chemically altered or decomposed into harmless debris that can then be filtered, washed away, and drained from the water container, or precipitate and solidify on the tank floor and walls. Alternatively, such reaction products are safe and can be consumed by livestock and disposed of naturally. The system continuously supplies modified (activated) air to the water in the form of small bubbles to ensure a constant supply of purified water and purified water.

[0050] Model Modeling and designing a non-chemical water treatment and purification system, such as the one presented in this application, is an entirely complex and nontrivial task involving a variety of considerations, including physical, mechanical, and other design considerations. Most of these considerations stem primarily from several different physical mechanisms that directly affect the performance of the purification system, but also involve some mutual interactions between these mechanisms. Therefore, to produce a highly efficient water treatment and purification system, it is necessary to properly utilize these physical mechanisms with ambient air molecules, particularly paramagnetic oxygen gas molecules, while they are flowing / propagating through the ionization chamber. In WO 2019 / 135239, the inventors detailed these physical mechanisms and related considerations. The present advanced water treatment system follows the lineage and limitations of the model established in WO 2019 / 135239. However, going beyond these limitations was necessary to enhance the means for increasing the production of molecular oxygen radicals without destroying the model described in WO 2019 / 135239. Achieving a balance between this goal and the limitations or infrastructure of a water treatment system is the objective of the present invention.

[0051] The magnetic field configuration comprises a plurality of magnetic regions, each region configured to accommodate a pair of double magnetic rings of similar or opposite magnetic polarity. In a further embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field induced by the rings in each magnetic region is 10 with sufficient magnetic flux. -3 ~10 +6The magnetic field varies in Gaussian increments, which is required for a given rate of radicalization / excitation at a particular air compression level and chamber parameters, such as geometry and design, internal architecture, ambient airflow characteristics including dynamics, air paramagnetic and thermal properties, magnetic field distribution, strength and magnetic flux field, and UV irradiation field that induces the ambient air into a radicalized / excited state. In a further embodiment of the present invention, each magnetic site comprises a pair of dual magnetic rings having a geometric shape, size, and polarity. In yet another embodiment, the magnetic site configuration's contribution to the magnetic field and magnetic flux in the free volume of the chamber, including near its sidewalls, and the corresponding contribution in the vicinity of the magnetic site are considered to induce air radicalization / excitation.

[0052] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the chamber has a cylindrical shape with two different volumes and lengths of 892 and 430 mm, and similar internal and external diameters of 63.4 mm and 73.15 mm. In yet another embodiment, the ferromagnetic ring is made of NdFeB (grade N42) material coated with Ni-Cu-Ni (nickel) and has a width of 3.1 mm, an external diameter of 31.75 mm, an internal diameter of 19.05 mm, and a thickness of 6.35 mm. In yet another embodiment, the diameters of the internal and external tubes at the input and output of the chamber are 10 mm. The UV lamps have lengths corresponding to the chamber length and have nominal powers of 21 and 39 watts, respectively. The water reservoir for purification has a volume ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 liters.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic ring is made of a ferromagnetic material made from rare earth magnets. In particular, the material is NdFe 14 B, SmCo5Sm2Co 17 , composite magnetic materials, e.g., BaFe 12 O 19, MnBi, Ce(CuCo)5, strong permanent magnets, e.g., Alnico IV / V and Alcomax, which are trade names for composite materials made from alloys of iron with aluminum, nickel, and cobalt with small amounts of Cu, Ti, and Nb, ferrimagnetic materials such as Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. In a further embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field configuration is generated by multiple double magnetic ring pairs housed by multiple magnetic sites, each magnetic site comprising one pair of rings with one ring made from one of the magnetic materials listed above and one ring made from a metallic material that can be magnetized under an induced external magnetic field, such as iron and steel.

[0054] The air and gas thermal properties are assumed to be the same as in the basic system of WO 2019 / 135239. The internal interactions between gas molecules are assumed to be significantly enhanced, which is reflected in the corresponding purification results. The geometric characteristics of the chamber, such as the dynamic characteristics of gas flow and the internal characteristics inside the ionization chamber, which are affected by its geometry, dimensions, internal design, and the material from which it is made, are assumed to be unaffected. These constraints on the physical model of the system still allow for higher yields without destroying it. One specific constraint is the lack of overlap, or at least minimal overlap, between nearby magnetic fields inside the chamber. This is an important requirement aimed at maintaining the molecular oxygen allotropes in a steady state within the local magnetic field along the length of the chamber. Meanwhile, a larger volume of allotropes is assumed to form due to the stronger local magnetic field. This raises concerns about possible interactions between nearby pockets of molecular oxygen allotropes.

[0055] The UV radiation reflective cover on the interior walls of the chamber results in a factor that amplifies the exposure of the incoming air to radiation and increases the reaction of the oxygen molecules in the form of excitation. From this reflection of radiation back into any known volume of incoming air, an increase in yield is expected.

[0056] The dual ring configuration of the magnetic ring pair multiplies the base production of radicalized oxygen molecules by a specific coefficient that reflects the increase in stability of any known amount of radicalized oxygen molecules and their average lifespan. A proportional improvement in water purification is expected.

[0057] Considering the preceding modeling, the inventors present the following embodiment: In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inventors propose a fully concentric design for the above system, comprising a tube-shaped cylindrical ionization chamber, a cylindrical elongated UV irradiation lamp, and at least one magnetic site with a pair of dual magnetic rings symmetrically positioned about the chamber's central axis. The dual magnetic rings are positioned on a skeleton aluminum structure designed to hold them in a specific configuration, aligning them with the ionization chamber's central axis, other rings in a particular magnetic site, and other magnetic sites within the ionization chamber. The skeleton structure, including its local magnetic site, is designed to impart minimal perturbation to the profile and distribution of the incoming flowing ambient and radicalized air components. The magnetic rings may be positioned with parallel, symmetric, or antiparallel, antisymmetric magnetic polarizations, configured to induce a maximum concentric magnetic flux field on the flowing molecules of compressed air. The magnetic ring radius and shape are specified according to the specific requirements of the magnetic flux field, while also minimizing interaction with the flowing gas. As a result, the radicalized / excited gas profile mimics the concentric magnetic field profile, thereby minimizing interactions with the flowing components of the ambient air and significantly reducing their interactions with each other and with the chamber walls, internal skeleton, and ring. The chamber diameter and length, as well as the diameter and length of the UV irradiation lamp, are selected according to the benchmark requirements of the required gas compression level, which are predefined by the specific required application. These specifications also take into account the required operating power and water purification rate for the specific application. After determining these parameters, the magnetic field profile and distribution are set and optimized to achieve the required purification at the specific air compression level. As specified, in the current design, the chamber benefits from a concentric magnetic field design that significantly reduces the specified interactions of the ionization chamber mentioned above.

[0058] Experimental comparison setup Three sets of experiments were conducted outdoors over a period of approximately 18 months under different climatic conditions. Water containers were placed on rooftops, facing west and exposed to sunlight and air with varying seasonal intensity and duration. The water accumulated organic, inorganic, and biological contaminants over time. The containers were used as a source to contaminate fresh water and to conduct comparative tests of purification efficiency using different setups of previous and current water treatment systems.

[0059] The first experiment was conducted in Israel in late August 2022, during the latter part of the summer season, when humidity and temperature remained high and exposure to solar radiation was strong. Such conditions favor the growth and proliferation of bacteria and microorganisms in the water and the accumulation of dust. The second experiment was conducted in early January 2023, during the peak of Israel's winter season, characterized by lower temperatures, fewer hours of sunlight, and consistently cloudy skies. It was reasonably assumed that the growth of biological mass in the water would slow down during this season. The third test was conducted in late October 2023, during the beginning of Israel's autumn season, characterized by milder temperatures, drier air, and gradually weakening exposure to solar radiation. Under such conditions, it was reasonably assumed that the growth rate of bacteria and microorganisms in the water and the accumulation of dust would decrease.

[0060] The above description sets the weather background for the experiments conducted on the dates mentioned above. The impact of climatic conditions on these experiments will be considered in the analysis of their results.

[0061] The following details an experimental setup to compare the yield of a water treatment system previously developed in WO2019 / 135239 with the yield of a water treatment system of the present invention having an enhanced magnetic field and a wall illumination reflective cover.

[0062] Equipment: At least two barrels, each with a volume of 80 liters, a corresponding number of water treatment systems as detailed above, and a corresponding pair of air diffusion stones for diffusing air bubbles containing radicalized molecular oxygen into the water reservoir within the barrels were used to set up the comparative experiments.

[0063] Pre-treatment procedures: All barrels were thoroughly washed with running water to destroy accumulated rust, algae, moisture, and other sediments from the inside of their walls and floors. After washing, all barrels were filled with 80 liters of fresh water.

[0064] Contamination Procedure: The barrels were placed on the building's rooftop in a spot that faced west and was exposed to sun and wind under generally uneven conditions, depending in part on the number of barrels that needed to be accommodated on the roof surface. This was due to several environmental conditions, including limited space on the roof; the relatively fewer hours of sunshine during the winter season, especially the amount of time exposed to the sun; and the westward exposure of the rooftop, which caused uneven spatial exposure to solar radiation and, therefore, uneven distribution of solar energy deposited in the water inside the barrels. Due to the westward exposure, the roof space was shaded most of the day, except for certain locations that were directly exposed to the sun. This is believed to have caused differences in microbial counts in the initial sampling, as discussed further herein.

[0065] Experiment in August 2022 For a period of approximately 18 months, a tank containing still water that had accumulated organic, inorganic, and biological contaminants, particularly microorganisms and bacteria, was used to intentionally contaminate the water in all barrels. A 0.5-liter sample was taken from the contaminated water tank for every barrel of water and introduced into the fresh water inside that barrel. The water in the barrels was vigorously mixed so that 0.5 liters of contaminated water was homogeneously dispersed in the 80 liters of fresh water in each barrel. After mixing, the mixed contaminated water in the barrels was allowed to stand for 24 hours. The barrels were placed on the roof with a westward exposure, which created uneven exposure to the sun. Certain areas of the roof were shaded most of the day, while others were more exposed to solar radiation. The sun exposure of the barrels therefore depended on their location on the roof and the number of barrels needed to create enough space for all of them.

[0066] Overall, exposure to solar radiation is known to stimulate and mediate photochemical and photobiological processes in water. Therefore, the present inventors concluded that the uneven spatial distribution and duration of solar exposure intensity contributed to different levels of bacterial and microbial growth in contaminated water over time. Thus, different initial levels of contamination were obtained from uniformly contaminated water after 24 hours. This factor was taken into consideration when analyzing the experimental results obtained. Measurements and analysis focused primarily on biological contaminants, the type of contaminant most affected by solar radiation on the one hand and molecular oxygen radicals on the other. Biological contaminants and their response to water treatment system products were actually used as indicators of the system's effective operation.

[0067] Sampling: After 24 hours of exposure to solar radiation and other climatic conditions, such as humidity and wind, the contaminated water was again vigorously stirred in all barrels to ensure homogeneous distribution of contaminants before sampling. Water samples were taken from all barrels. After the initial sampling, the water treatment devices of the present invention and the prior invention were fluidly connected to one of the barrels and turned on for 24 hours. A final sampling was taken after the water treatment devices had been operating continuously for 24 hours, allowing radicalized air containing radicalized oxygen molecules to diffuse into the water. Initial and final water samples were taken from all barrels and tested in the laboratory for concentrations of biological, organic, and inorganic content.

[0068] Table I below presents the results of the experiment in the summer of 2022. The first entry in Table I shows the pre- and post-purification values ​​for a water treatment system having the prior configuration of the chamber, also referred to herein as conventional, and a water treatment system having the enhanced configuration of the chamber of the present invention.

[0069] Several factors were considered when evaluating the measured results. As shown, the relatively high pH values ​​indicate a basal aqueous environment. The relatively high levels of dissolved molecular oxygen in the water suggest the presence of a large number of biological organisms that consume oxygen for various processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration. The initial CFU (Colony Forming Unit) count values ​​were in the relatively moderate range, corresponding to the basal environment in the water, the period of only a few months that had passed since the source tank was placed on the roof, and the number of winter months with exposure to solar radiation and low levels of biological activity included in this period.

[0070] The absolute CFU counts for the conventional and enhanced water treatment systems were not significantly lower than the initial counts before treatment. These results suggest competing processes: the proliferation and increase of microbial colonies in the water as a result of exposure to environmental conditions, and their destruction during the purification process. The concentrations of water's basal and dissolved oxygen levels were reduced to similar values ​​in both the conventional and enhanced systems. However, the relative CFU values ​​clearly show a 30% reduction in the enhanced system compared to the conventional one. This may be due to the stronger magnetic field in the enhanced system, which operated in an environment that encouraged microbial growth and under more favorable climatic conditions for such growth. While the conventional device also demonstrated relatively effective disinfectant activity, it was still inferior to the effectiveness of the enhanced system with its stronger magnetic field.

[0071] Note the significant reduction in the levels of dissolved molecular oxygen for both systems. This can be attributed to the destruction of biological and chemical contaminants by radicalized molecular oxygen. This destruction led to a decrease in the consumption of oxygen in life-related processes and chemical reactions that occurred in the water in the presence of molecular oxygen radicals. Such reactions involved the breaking of chemical bonds in the organic and inorganic compounds of living organisms and microorganisms that formed the contaminating masses in the water. Meanwhile, the dissolution of molecular oxygen in the water was not sufficient to compensate for the deficiency created by the vigorous reactions of oxygen radicals. Table I - August 30 / September 4, 2022 - Regular vs. Augmented [Table I] Quality control conditions (1) Source (2) Enhanced devices (3) Normal device (4) pH measurements were made in accordance with MOH water sampling guidelines. (5) Dissolved O2 measurements were made in accordance with MOH water sampling guidelines. (6) The total count of microorganisms was done according to the PP / SM-9215 B standard.

[0072] January 2023 experiment Moving on to the winter 2023 experiment, Table II below details the pH, dissolved molecular oxygen, and biological organism counts for the enhanced system with a stronger magnetic field. The first and second entries show pre- and post-treatment measurements, respectively. While the basic properties of the water medium remain substantially unchanged, a modest increase in the level of dissolved molecular oxygen in the water is observed. This may be considered a deviation from the expected decrease in dissolved molecular oxygen, but it may be understandable in light of the surprising difference in CFU counts between before and after, i.e., the nearly eight-fold decrease in counts. A possible explanation is that a greater concentration of highly energetic molecular oxygen radicals was released into the water relative to the summer 2022 experiment. Excessive concentrations of such molecular oxygen radicals diffused into the water due to the significantly more efficient production of the enhanced chamber with a stronger magnetic field, with some of these vigorously reacting with biological mass in the water and the remaining portion decaying back to their electrical ground state. Conclusions from the combined experimental and environmental data suggest that the enhanced system performed significantly better than the conventional one. Although comparative tests were not conducted in the winter 2023 experiments, this conclusion can be extrapolated based on the results of the summer 2022 and fall 2023 experiments, the latter of which is discussed below.

[0073] Another observation concerns the high CFU count in the pre-treatment entry. Compared to the CFU count in the summer 2022 experiment, this clearly demonstrates that biological organisms and microorganisms rapidly accumulated in the water over time and with favorable hot and humid weather. Thus, the source tank doubled its content of biological contaminants between the summer of 2022 and the winter of 2023. Faced with this growth in the population of biological mass in the water, the water treatment system must demonstrate improved performance to reduce the biological contaminant levels to acceptable levels. An enhanced water treatment system with higher throughput is clearly needed for this purpose. Table II - January 3, 4, 8 / 2023 - Enhancement [Table II] Quality control conditions (1) Before the refining system is operational. (2) After the refining system is operational. (3) pH measurements were made in accordance with MOH water sampling guidelines. (4) Dissolved O2 measurements were made in accordance with MOH water sampling guidelines. (5) The total count of microorganisms was done according to the PP / SM-9215 B standard.

[0074] Experiment in October 2023 Table III below details the chamber configurations for the six water treatment systems used in this water purification treatment test.

[0075] Sampling: Six barrels were used for the experiment in the fall of 2023. Because the local water flow system was old, 200 liters of water were run through the drainage pipe to discard rust and sediment before filling the barrels. The barrels were placed on the roof, facing west. Some of them were shaded most of the day. Others were more exposed to solar radiation during the day. Each barrel was filled with approximately 80 liters of water. After filling the barrels with fresh water, 0.5 liters of contaminated water was drawn from a vigorously stirred source tank and introduced into each barrel. The contaminated water in the barrels was then vigorously stirred. The barrels were then left for 24 hours. Six samples were taken from the water in each of the six barrels, one sample from each barrel. The samples were taken to the laboratory and maintained at a low temperature of 2-8°C with minimal or no exposure to light. Table III [Table III] After sampling, six water treatment systems, two conventional and four enhanced, were connected to the six barrels, one for each barrel. The water treatment systems were connected to the barrels in fluid communication with the water in the barrels. The water treatment systems were then simultaneously turned on and left to run continuously for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the water in the barrels was again vigorously stirred to ensure homogeneous mixing. Six samples were again taken from the barrels, one from each barrel. The samples were taken to the laboratory and maintained at a low temperature of 2-8°C with minimal or no exposure to light. The pre- and post-treatment samples were then tested for pH, dissolved O2 concentration in the water, and CFU.

[0076] Tables IV and V below present the results of water purification in six barrels, before and after operation of the water treatment system, respectively. The pH was substantially neutral in all barrels before diffusing radicalized molecular oxygen into the water. This may suggest an equilibrium between the creation of waste by-products and the consumption of organic compounds in the life cycle of biological organisms and microorganisms, as well as chemical reactions involving organic and inorganic compounds. The dissolved O2 concentrations in all barrels also fluctuated around a value of approximately 7 mg / L. These pH values ​​and relatively average concentrations of dissolved O2 suggest an acid-base balance that creates a life-sustaining aqueous environment, allowing biological organisms and microorganisms to grow and multiply. CFU values ​​varied significantly among the barrels. As detailed above, this relatively wide range of CFU values ​​may be primarily due to the different levels of exposure to solar radiation resulting from the different spots on the roof where each barrel was located. The large differences between the concentrations of biological organisms and microorganisms among the barrels necessitate including this factor when analyzing the results of water purification using radicalized molecular oxygen. That is, it is more difficult to fall from a relatively high CFU than to fall from a relatively low CFU.

[0077] Examination of the CFU values ​​measured in all three experiments shows that the lowest and highest CFU values ​​in the Fall 2023 experiment deviated significantly from the range of values ​​obtained in these experiments. The range of CFU values ​​was between approximately 12,000 and 34,000, while the lowest and highest values ​​in the Fall 2023 experiment were 8,700 and 60,000 CFU, respectively. Therefore, these values ​​were considered as discrepancies when analyzing the pre- and post-treatment measurements. This could possibly be due to more dilute or concentrated areas in each barrel from which samples were taken, despite the vigorous agitation of the water prior to sampling. Although other variables may be considered, these extreme measurements were used as references for the pre- and post-measurements within the range of sustained CFU values ​​over time.

[0078] Comparing the pre- and post-treatment values ​​for the first and second barrels 1 and 2, respectively, connected to a conventional treatment system, it can be seen that the conventional system is very efficient at breaking down biological mass in the water at relatively low concentrations. For higher concentrations, the conventional system also breaks down the biological mass sufficiently to very low CFU values, but still higher than the initial relatively low concentrations. This can be seen when the results are normalized according to the length of time the system has been operated. Table IV - October 25 / 29, 2023 - Before refining [Table IV] Quality control conditions (1) pH measurements were made in accordance with MOH water sampling guidelines. (2) Dissolved O2 measurements were made in accordance with MOH water sampling guidelines. (3) The total count of microorganisms was done according to the PP / SM-9215 B standard. Table V - October 26 / 29, 2023 - After Refining [Table V] Quality control conditions (1) pH measurements were made in accordance with MOH water sampling guidelines. (2) Dissolved O2 measurements were made in accordance with MOH water sampling guidelines. (3) The total count of microorganisms was done according to the PP / SM-9215 B standard.

[0079] A comparison between the higher extremes of barrels 5 and 6 supports this line of analysis. This comparison shows an order of magnitude increase in post-treatment CFU counts. This was the case while the difference in pre-treatment counts for these barrels was only a factor of 2. This clearly suggests a non-linear relationship between the level of water contaminants and the efficiency of the water treatment system. A water treatment system should exhibit significantly improved performance in order to handle heavily contaminated water and reduce it to an acceptable level that would make it drinkable for livestock. In this series of experiments, modifications in the magnetic field, and also, to some extent, the internal cover to reflect radiation, proved to meet this criterion without overloading the system and while maintaining its dimensions, configuration, and the physical model applied to it.

[0080] The following describes an embodiment of the present invention, with specific reference to modifications made to the chamber of the water treatment system of the present invention that resulted in the experimental results detailed above. FIGS. 1-3 illustrate the overall configuration of the water treatment system. FIGS. 4A-6E illustrate the skeleton supporting the magnetic rings that generate the magnetic field and housing the UV irradiation lamps. FIGS. 7-13 display modifications introduced to the chamber of the water treatment system that increased the local magnetic field strength, which in turn improved the purification performance of the system. As mentioned above, this improvement in purification performance is due to an increase in the yield of radicalized molecular oxygen in the air flowing through the chamber. The improvement was achieved while primarily maintaining the requirement for magnetic field locality and the corresponding steady state of molecular oxygen allotrope aggregates accumulated in these fields. Maintaining these two conditions of the physical model—that is, amplifying the magnetic field to a level that still maintains its locality along the length of the chamber—is postulated to have produced an improvement in the yield of radicalized oxygen and the level of purification of increasingly contaminated water. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0081] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a box diagram schematic of a water purification and treatment system.

[0082] [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the internal design of a water purification system.

[0083] [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a front view of a water purification and treatment system.

[0084] [Figure 4A] 1A-1C are diagrams of the schematic design of the air ionization chamber assembly, where (A) shows a top perspective view of the outer housing assembly. [Figure 4B] 1A-1C are diagrams of the schematic design of the air ionization chamber assembly, where (A) shows a side perspective view of both the internal and external structure and assembly.

[0085] [Figure 5A] 1A and 1B are diagrams of the assembly components of the air ionization chamber, in which (A) shows an exploded top perspective view of the outer housing assembly components. [Figure 5B] (A) is an exploded side perspective view of the internal and external assembly components of the air ionization chamber; [Figure 5C] 10A and 10B are diagrams of the assembly part design of the air ionization chamber. (C) shows a close-up of (B) with and without the ferromagnetic ring in the ferromagnetic ring holding base. [Figure 5D] 10A and 10B are diagrams of the assembly part design of the air ionization chamber. (D) shows a close-up of (A) with and without the ferromagnetic ring in the ferromagnetic ring holding base.

[0086] [Figure 6A] 10A-10C are diagrams of experimental configurations with and without a magnetic ring attached to the inner skeleton inside the ionization chamber. [Figure 6B] 10A-10C are diagrams of experimental configurations with and without a magnetic ring attached to the inner skeleton inside the ionization chamber. [Figure 6C] 10A-10C are diagrams of experimental configurations with and without a magnetic ring attached to the inner skeleton inside the ionization chamber. [Figure 6D] 10A-10C are diagrams of experimental configurations with and without a magnetic ring attached to the inner skeleton inside the ionization chamber. [Figure 6E] 10A-10C are diagrams of experimental configurations with and without a magnetic ring attached to the inner skeleton inside the ionization chamber.

[0087] [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram of a double ring pair configuration with three such pairs held on a skeleton and around a UV lamp in the center of the chamber.

[0088] [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a close-up view of a dual magnetic ring pair configuration of the present invention.

[0089] [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a closer view of the dual magnetic ring pairs, distinguishing between the single rings in every dual ring pack. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a closer view of the dual magnetic ring pairs, distinguishing between the single rings in every dual ring pack.

[0090] [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a top view of the covered inner wall of the chamber. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a top view of the covered inner wall of the chamber. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a top view of the covered inner wall of the chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0091] Figures 1 and 2 show a schematic box diagram and design for a water purification and treatment system (100), where an actual diagram of one optional embodiment of the system is shown in Figure 3. The main parts of the water purification system include: an optional fan cooling system (1), which is required to thermally stabilize and regulate the temperature of the water purification and treatment system as a result of possible unwanted internal or external heat sources. The cooling system may employ air fans, water cooling, or other cooling systems, subject to thermal cooling requirements; a cylindrical airflow ionization chamber (2) made of aluminum, PVC, or other chemically inert material, with its interior coated with TiO; an electrical ballast (3) for the UV light lamp connected to a local power source with power specifications (watts, amperes, and volts); an electrical breaker circuit (4) added to avoid current overload inside the system; and multiple gas flow meter devices (5) that may be based on electrical or mechanical flow measurement principles, where the flow meters are configured inside or outside the purification system box (100) and may be located anywhere inside or outside the purification and treatment site, subject to system requirements. The gas flow meter monitors and adjusts the current air gas volumetric flow rate (measured in liters per minute, or LPM) inside the system. Multiple power meter devices (6) are located anywhere in the water purification and treatment site and further monitor and adjust operating values, i.e., system power, voltage, and current. In another embodiment, the system is remotely controlled. A number of electrical outlets (7) allow for power connections inside and outside the purification and treatment system. The system further comprises a compressor air gas (8). Normal clean air enters the compressor, or the air is pre-filtered of impurities and contaminants using a specific filtering system before it enters the ionization chamber, and is further compressed into the cylindrical tube ionization chamber (2) using the air compressor device (8) (the filtering system is not shown in the figure). The compressor pressure value ranges between 0.1 bar (approximately 10,000 Pa) and 10 bar (approximately 1,000,000 Pa) with a flow rate of 2 to 25 LPM.FIG. 3 shows one optional setup, in which an air compressor pump (8) is connected to a gas flow meter device (5) and, through it, to the ionization chamber using air lines (8a, 8b), respectively. The ionization chamber is connected to an external water reservoir inlet (not shown in the relevant figures) through an air gas line (2a). To improve air intake into the ionization chamber, the compressor can be connected to an air diffuser and / or a Venturi air line. In another embodiment, to improve air flow from the ionization chamber to the water reservoir, the air line (2a) is replaced with a Venturi line, which efficiently directs it into the container storing the contaminated water. In another embodiment of the invention, the flow rate of the radicalized air is enhanced by a secondary air compressor or vacuum pump located at various positions on the output line (2a). In such a configuration, the secondary air compressor or vacuum pump pushes or sucks the radicalized air toward a diffuser located inside the treated water container or water reservoir, respectively. In a further embodiment of the invention, the air compressor device is connected to the output tube (2a) near its connection to the ionization chamber outlet. The connection is made using a T-shaped air branch element. In this setup, the connection can optionally utilize a non-return air valve connected to the air compressor output to prevent any leakage of the radicalized air flow or leakage into the compressor. Air flowing out of the compressor impinges on the radicalized air and accelerates it toward a diffuser connected near its connection to the diffuser device. The non-return air valve can be connected to prevent leakage of the radicalized air into the pump. The radicalized air is accelerated by the air pump into the diffuser toward the output tube outlet. The connection is made through the output tube (2a) outlet via a T-shaped air branch element.

[0092] Furthermore, the system is equipped with a remote control and monitoring unit (9) that monitors and controls the system operating values ​​relative to their designated ones and can be mechanically or electronically switched between ON and OFF operating states. The monitoring unit monitors the voltage and power supply to the system and, in particular, the voltage and power values ​​of the UV lamps, fans, current meters and other units in the system.

[0093] 4A-4B and 5A-5D show the schematic design of an air ionization chamber in its assembled and unassembled states, respectively. FIG. 4A shows a top perspective view of the external housing of the air ionization chamber, with the assembled parts shown in FIG. 5A. FIG. 4B shows a side perspective view of the chamber's internal and external structural design, with the assembled parts shown in FIG. 5B. As shown in these figures, the air ionization chamber shown in FIGS. 4A and 5A comprises: a cylindrical housing tube / cylindrical sleeve (16). The tube / sleeve may be made of aluminum and PVC (chemically inert polyvinyl chloride) coated on the inside with a TiO layer to avoid oxidation and damage from the flowing ambient and radicalized air; and a frame / skeleton structure (13) with cylindrical geometry and symmetry. The skeleton may be made of aluminum, stainless steel, or any hard metal. The skeleton (13) fits inside the tube / sleeve housing structure (16). The frame / skeleton structure is designed with two retaining elements (13a, 13b) for holding the magnetic ring and an interior space for the UV light lamp (14). The skeleton may further include retaining elements (10a, 10b, 10c) at selected distances from each other, from top to bottom, for holding the ferromagnetic ring in a specific configuration (15a, 15b, 15c). The retaining elements or bases may be made of stainless steel and coated with titanium. The retaining elements (10a, 10b, 10c) may form a single solid unit with the skeleton. The interior space within the skeleton for the UV lamp is essentially a cage formed by bars centered on the center of the skeleton along the z-axis. The space has openings near the bottom and top of the skeleton.

[0094] The magnetic field configuration includes three sets of concentric cylindrical ferromagnetic rings (15a, 15b, 15c) configured with selected polarities and occupying an effectively small portion of the tube chamber's total volume. The rings are positioned along the z-axis of the skeleton, specifically at the top and bottom sides and center of the tube chamber's main axis, with each set including negative and positive magnetic rings (15e, 15f). In one specific embodiment, the rings are configured with the same polarity. Overall, the tube and housing are fabricated from chemically and mechanically durable or resistant materials. The UV lamp (14) may include two internal lamps irradiating in two wavelength ranges: 180-195 nm and 240-280 nm, and may be designed and manufactured in two different types and configurations: either mercury filament or LED illumination. Furthermore, the lamp's electrical connector configuration includes two or four pins, which may be located in various positions near the illumination lamp depending on the type. As shown in Figures 5C and 5D, each ferromagnetic ring seat includes two cylindrical slots (10e, 10f) configured to mechanically hold two corresponding ferromagnetic rings (15e, 15f). This design results in a tightly packed arrangement of the ferromagnetic rings and UV lamp (14) located along the central longitudinal axis of the air ionization chamber. The ferromagnetic rings are configured to be near the UV lamp irradiation source and surround it at three key locations along the central axis of the air ionization chamber, thus creating three key coupling ionization impact points between the UV irradiation and the flowing ambient air. The interaction particularly affects the paramagnetic oxygen component along the ambient air trajectory within the air ionization chamber. The outer sleeve structure (16) is mechanically attached to the top (11) and bottom (12) covers, which are disk-shaped and made of aluminum or stainless steel material and further coated with a TiO layer. The top and bottom covers / caps are each configured with one or two holes. The central holes in the top (11a) and bottom (12a) covers are used as the inlet and outlet, respectively, for air flowing through the ionization chamber.Additionally, the bottom housing cover can be designed with a special second input hole (12b) to allow for the insertion of electrical wiring to and from the air ionization chamber. In another embodiment, the interior chamber area, including the housing frame (13), retaining elements, and the inside of the chamber cover, is coated with TiO2 to avoid oxidation and damage from the flowing gas inside the chamber.

[0095] To enable electrical and vacuum functionality, the inlet and outlet holes are made from stainless steel (SS) resistive material. The cover is mechanically attached to the aluminum / SS housing frame (13) at its top and bottom bases (17a, 17b) and the outer tube structure (16). The ionization chamber's external connections are sealed with Teflon to ensure the necessary vacuum conditions for the air flowing inside the chamber. Attachment to the top and bottom bases (17a, 17b) is made with special screws inserted into holes (17c) on the top and bottom sides of the frame. Several adapters and fasteners are added to the air and electrical inlets and outlets to allow for the insertion of electrical input and output lines without affecting the internal atmospheric pressure. These elements are also used to allow for the removal of air from the ionization chamber through a specially designed air outlet.

[0096] 6A-6E show perspective side views of various configurations of magnetic rings inside the ionization chamber. The magnetic rings are supported by a retaining element (10) of the ionization chamber's inner skeleton. As shown in FIG. 4B, the magnetic rings are aligned symmetrically with respect to the main longitudinal central axis of the retaining element (10) around the main central axis of the UV lamp (14) and the ionization cylindrical chamber. FIG. 6A shows a perspective side view of an antisymmetric magnetic field configuration with two magnetic sites located on two sides of the carrier retention device (10) inside the ionization chamber. In this configuration, each magnetic site comprises two magnetic rings (15e, 15f). The ring polarities are marked as (SN, S = South, N = North), where each ring is positioned with opposite magnetic polarization, with its North pole on its proximal side and its South pole on its distal side, i.e., (SN)(NS). This configuration is marked as the reference configuration in one preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6B shows a perspective side view of a magnetic field configuration with an ionization chamber without a magnetic field. FIG. 6C shows a symmetrical magnetic field configuration in another embodiment of the invention. A related configuration includes two magnetic regions located in two sections of the retaining element (10) inside the ionization chamber. Each magnetic region includes two magnetic rings (15e, 15f). In this configuration, the magnetic rings in each region are positioned with the same magnetic polarization direction, oriented from north pole to south pole, from the ionization chamber inlet to its outlet, i.e., (NS)(NS). FIG. 6D shows another optional antisymmetric magnetic field configuration with magnetic rings in another embodiment of the invention. This configuration includes two magnetic regions located on two sides of the retaining element (10) and the ionization chamber. Each region includes two magnetic rings (15e, 15f) positioned with opposite magnetic polarization, with their south magnetic poles on their proximal side and their north magnetic poles on their distal side, i.e., (NS)(SN). Figure 6E shows an antisymmetric magnetic field configuration comprising a magnetic ring in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, with three magnetic sites located along the central axis and on two sides of the holding element (10) as shown in Figure 6E.In this configuration, each magnetic site comprises two magnetic rings (15e, 15f) positioned with their north magnetic poles proximal to them and south magnetic poles distal to them, i.e., three magnetic sites (SN)(NS).

[0097] Figure 7 shows a double ring pair (15a, b; 15c, d; 15e, f) configuration, with three such pairs held around the UV lamp (14) at the center of the chamber (2) on the skeleton (13). Increasing the number of rings at all locations is compatible with the basic structure and dimensions of the skeleton and does not occupy a large, significant volume. As a result, it does not distort the inflow and outflow of air through the chamber and the interaction of UV radiation with oxygen molecules. The primary impact is on the number and average lifetime of radicalized oxygen molecules, which leads to improved purification of water, as shown in the results in the table above and the analysis of the experiments.

[0098] Figure 8 shows a close-up view of the dual magnetic ring pair (15e, f) configuration of the present invention. The holding element (10a) has a sufficiently large space to accommodate both rings in all spaces, thereby increasing the strength of the magnetic field generated by all pairs. The dual ring pairs can be oriented in any one of the magnetic pole configurations illustrated in Figures 6A-6D and detailed above. The inventors assume that different pole configurations will generate different magnetic field configurations. This may lead to different values ​​of radicalized oxygen molecular aggregation, such as concentration, number, and average lifetime. However, a series of experiments suggests that this characteristic of the magnetic field is not a significant factor affecting the final purification results.

[0099] Figures 9 and 10 provide further close-up views of the dual magnetic ring pairs, distinguishing between the single rings in all dual-ring packs (15e1,2,f1,2). The rings in all dual-ring packs fit into the space of the holding element, allowing them to tightly hold together parallel packs of dual rings and magnetic poles in contact with each other. These close-up views clearly show that doubling the rings in a local configuration does not change the volume the magnetic rings occupy in the chamber or perturb the internal air flow. Rather, it amplifies the magnetic field strength, positively impacting the production and persistence of radicalized oxygen molecules, which in turn leads to improved water purification.

[0100] Figures 11-13 show top views of the covered inner wall of chamber (2). Aluminum foil (2b) is used to cover the inner wall and reflect UV radiation from the UV lamp back into the chamber. It was assumed that such an inner cover would increase the number of interactions between the radiation and oxygen molecules in the inlet air, ultimately resulting in a steady state of localized aggregation of radicalized molecular oxygen in the local magnetic field. As a result, the radicalized oxygen should have a longer average lifetime and a higher number of units. Figure 13 shows a view from the top of chamber (2) with the aluminum foil-covered inner wall (2b) while the UV lamp (14) is active. As can be seen, the foil efficiently reflects UV radiation. This mechanism for enhancing radiation inside the chamber, and particularly within the local magnetic field along the central axis of the chamber, was thought to contribute to the yield of radicalized molecular oxygen. However, as detailed and analyzed above, experimental results suggest that this is not the primary factor in obtaining higher yields of radicalized molecular oxygen and corresponding water purification. Rather, it is the combination of magnetic field strengths and their localization along the length of the chamber that results in such improved results.

[0101] The above water purification results support our hypothesis that amplifying the local magnetic field with a double ring pair and, to a limited extent, enhancing UV radiation with back-reflection results in improved water purification. Water purification measurements were performed on water with significant concentrations of biological, inorganic, and organic impurities. To identify improvements using the system of the present invention, the system of WO 2019 / 135239 and the system of the present invention were operated on the same water container divided into two equal parts. Control measurements were performed before operation. Samples were taken from the water tank and maintained at 2-8°C. The results of all measurements are summarized in the table below. All measurements were performed in a laboratory certified according to nationally acceptable standards of ISO / IEC 17025.

[0102] The results of the prior and improved devices show significant changes relative to the control in all parameters. The decrease in pH on the surface of the water in the tank from 9.7 to less than 9 (8.7, 8.4) suggests that the water became more acidic, likely due to oxidation reactions occurring with water contaminants and water molecules within the water. The decrease in dissolved oxygen on the surface of the water from 14.0 to 7.88 and 7.66, nearly half of this value, indicates an increase in oxygen-related chemical reactions in the bulk of the water medium and its conversion to other oxidized compounds that remain in the water or precipitate on the tank floor. The decrease in the number of bacteria in the contaminated water, from 18,000 to 16,000 and 12,000, respectively, by only 10% and 33%, respectively, demonstrates the excellent efficiency of using radicalized oxygen to purify the water.

[0103] Comparing the performance of the prior and improved devices, we see a significant positive change in the total bacterial count in the water. A further reduction in CFU per unit volume is observed for the improved water purification device. The relative reduction from the prior device is 25%, a more than three-fold relative reduction from the control. This is a clear indication that the improved device configuration with the UV-reflective cover and dual magnetic ring pair is more efficient. The reduction in dissolved oxygen on the surface of the measured samples indicates a slight advantage for the improved device, suggesting a slightly greater volume of oxygen molecules diffusing to and released at the water surface. Finally, the reduction in surface pH relative to the control is also slightly less in water treated with the improved device, potentially indicating that a greater amount of radicalized oxygen molecules are reacting in the bulk water and not being discarded to the environment as they diffuse to the water surface. Combining these results, the clear conclusion is that the back-reflection of UV radiation and the enhanced interaction of oxygen molecules due to the enhanced local magnetic field using the dual ring pair are responsible for the improved water purification. This clearly demonstrates the technical and functional advantages of the improved water purification device of the present invention over its predecessors.

Claims

1. 1. A water purification system comprising: said chamber having inlets and outlets for incoming and outgoing air flowing into and out of said chamber into a water storage tank; at least one UV irradiation lamp; At least one pair of double magnetic rings; and a skeleton configured to occupy a central volume of the chamber from top to bottom about a central longitudinal axis of the chamber, the skeleton having an inner space for accommodating the at least one UV irradiation lamp, and a retaining element for retaining the at least one pair of double magnetic rings around the at least one UV irradiation lamp; Equipped with an inner diameter of a base of the skeleton is smaller than an inner diameter of a housing sleeve, the housing sleeve is connected at both ends to top and bottom covers, the top and bottom covers each being provided with a respective central hole, every pair of the double magnetic rings generates a local magnetic field when the at least one double magnetic pair is placed on a holding element on the skeleton, the local magnetic field does not overlap or at least minimally overlaps with the local magnetic field generated by a neighboring double pair of magnetic rings; the water purification system comprises a concentric configuration that provides minimal perturbation to the incoming and outgoing air profile and distribution, the at least one pair of dual magnetic rings being positioned parallel to one another and configured to induce a maximum concentric magnetic flux field on the flowing incoming and outgoing air molecules; the at least one double magnetic ring pair is configured to enhance the local magnetic field; the at least one pair of double magnetic rings is configured to increase the number and average lifetime of radicalized oxygen molecules inside the chamber. Water purification system.

2. 2. The water purification system of claim 1, further comprising a UV radiation reflective cover on an inner wall of the chamber, the UV radiation reflective cover configured to amplify interaction of UV radiation with oxygen molecules in the incoming air, the UV radiation reflective cover configured to improve the number and average lifetime of radicalized oxygen molecules inside the chamber.

3. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, further comprising a compressor air pump for injecting air into the chamber.

4. The water purification system of claim 1 , further comprising an electrical ballast UV radiation source, the electrical ballast UV radiation source being connected to a local power source with associated power specifications.

5. 2. The water purification system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one UV irradiation lamp has two lamps having two wavelength ranges of 180 to 195 nm and 240 to 280 nm.

6. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, wherein the at least one UV irradiation lamp is a mercury filament or LED light with a two or four pin electrical connector.

7. The water purification system of claim 1 , wherein the chamber is made from a conductive material coated with a chemically inert material.

8. The water purification system of claim 1 , wherein the chamber has a cylindrical housing tube, the cylindrical housing tube being telescoped within the chamber.

9. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, wherein the chamber further comprises an outer sleeve and top and bottom covers mechanically attached to the top and bottom sides of the outer sleeve and closing the top and bottom ends of the chamber.

10. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, wherein the chamber further comprises a plurality of electrical outlets for power connections to and from the water purification system, the outlets being sealed with Teflon for vacuum.

11. The water purification system of claim 1 , further comprising an electrical breaker circuit to prevent current overloads within the water purification system.

12. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of gas flow meters, the gas flow meters being mounted inside or outside a box enclosing the chamber.

13. The water purification system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of power meter devices for monitoring and adjusting power, voltage, and current operating values ​​of the water purification system.

14. The water purification system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of fan cooling systems.

15. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, further comprising a remote control unit for controlling operating parameters of the water purification system relative to specified parameters, the remote control unit configured to mechanically or electronically switch the water purification system between ON and OFF operating states and to monitor voltage, current, power supply, and associated devices of the water purification system.

16. The water purification system of claim 14 , wherein the associated device is selected from the at least one UV lamp, a fan, and a current meter.

17. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, further comprising a venturi attached to the outlet of the chamber for transporting radicalized / excited ambient air into a treated water reservoir.

18. The water purification system of claim 1 , further comprising a water container or reservoir in fluid communication with the chamber.

19. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, wherein the chamber has a cylindrical geometry with a housing sleeve and a housing frame having corresponding cylindrical geometries.

20. 2. The water purification system of claim 1, comprising three pairs of double magnetic rings configured with the same polarity configuration at the top and bottom ends and center of the chamber and around its major central longitudinal axis, each of the pairs of double magnetic rings having two rings with negative polarity and two rings with positive polarity, the polarity configuration being antisymmetrical, and the rings being mechanically held by the holding element.

21. The pair of double magnetic rings is 10 －３ ~10 ６ 20. The water purification system of claim 19, wherein the system generates a magnetic field strength in the Gauss range, said range being sufficient to induce a high magnetic flux within the chamber and excite / radicalize incoming ambient air.

22. 2. The water purification system of claim 1, wherein the skeleton comprises an outer longitudinal bar extending from the top to the bottom of the skeleton around an inner space for accommodating the at least one UV irradiation lamp, and a retaining element extending inward from the outer longitudinal bar and having a recess for retaining the at least one pair of double magnetic rings around the at least one UV irradiation lamp, the outer longitudinal bar and the retaining element forming a single solid unit of the skeleton.

23. The water purification system of claim 1 , wherein the chamber and skeleton are made of aluminum.

24. The inner surface of the chamber wall and the skeleton are made of TiO ２ 24. The water purification system of claim 23, wherein the water purification system is coated with

25. 24. The water purification system of claim 23, wherein the interior surface of the chamber wall is coated with PVC.

26. 4. The water purification system of claim 3, further comprising an air diffuser connected at one end to the compressor air pump and at the other end to the chamber.

27. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, further comprising a pre-filtering device for removing impurities and contaminants from the ambient incoming air before it is injected into the chamber.

28. 10. The water purification system of claim 1, further comprising a diffuser connected to the outlet of the chamber for diffusing radicalized / excited air into a water reservoir.

29. The water purification system of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic ring is made of a ferromagnetic material made from a rare earth magnet.

30. The ferromagnetic material is Nd ２ Fe １４ B. SmCo ５ Sm ２ Co １７ , composite magnetic material, BaFe １２ O １９ , MnBi, Ce(CuCo)5, strong permanent magnets made from aluminum, nickel, cobalt and iron with small amounts of Cu, Ti and Nb, and Fe ２ O ３ and Fe ３ O ４ 30. The water purification system of claim 29, wherein the ferrimagnetic material is selected from ferrite materials such as:

31. 30. The water purification system of claim 29, wherein one pack of two rings of the at least one pair of double magnetic rings is made from one of the ferromagnetic materials, and a second pack of two rings of the at least one pair of double magnetic rings is made from a metallic material that can be magnetized under an induced external magnetic field.

32. 32. The water purification system of claim 31, wherein the metallic material is iron or steel.

33. The water purification system of claim 1 , further comprising a water cooling system.

34. The water purification system of claim 1 , wherein the UV radiation reflective cover is selected from aluminum foil, stainless steel, and UV radiation reflective pigments.

35. The water purification system of claim 1 , wherein the water purification system is configured to purify water in a water reservoir, a system, and a conduit.

36. 36. The water purification system of claim 35, wherein the water reservoir, system, and conduit are selected from a drinking water supply system, a swimming pool, and a water pipe.

37. 37. The water purification system of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the water purification system is configured to purify water for industrial, agricultural, farming, gardening, recycling, and municipal applications.

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