Liquid-crystalline medium comprising polymerisable compounds

Abstract

To provide a liquid crystal medium containing a polymerizable compound.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to an LC medium (as a subcategory of liquid-crystalline materials) comprising one or more polymerisable compounds, to the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the PSA (polymersustainedalignment) or SA (self-aligning) mode, to an LC display of the PSA or SA mode comprising the LC medium, and to a process for the production of an LC display using the LC medium, especially an energy-saving LC display and a process for the production of an energy-saving LC display.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an LC medium (as a subcategory of liquid crystal materials) comprising one or more polymerizable compounds and its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, in particular in PSA (polymer sustained alignment) or SA (self-aligning) mode LC displays, to PSA or SA mode LC displays comprising the LC medium, and to methods for producing LC displays using the LC medium, in particular energy-saving LC displays and methods for producing energy-saving LC displays. [Background technology]

[0002] The popularity of 8K monitors and gaming monitors has led to an increasing demand for liquid crystal display (LCD) panels with higher refresh rates and therefore faster response times. Many of these LCD panels use polymer-stabilized (PS) or polymer-sustained alignment (PSA) modes, such as PS-VA (vertically aligned), PS-IPS (in-plane switching), or PS-FFS (fringe-field switching) modes or their derivatives, or self-aligned (SA) modes, such as polymer-stabilized SA-VA.

[0003] In the PS or PSA mode, small amounts, typically 0.1-1%, of one or more polymerizable mesogenic compounds, also known as RMs (reactive mesogens), are added to the LC medium. After the LC medium is filled into a display, the RMs are then polymerized in situ by UV photopolymerization while a voltage is applied to the display's electrodes. This creates a small tilt angle in the LC molecules of the LC medium, which is stabilized by the polymerized RMs. The UV polymerization process, also known as the "PSA process," is typically a two-step process, involving a first UV exposure step ("UV1 step") in which a voltage is applied to create the tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step ("UV2 step") in which no voltage is applied to complete the polymerization of the RMs.

[0004] In the SA-VA mode, alignment layers are omitted from the display. Instead, small amounts, typically 0.1-2.5%, of self-aligning (SA) additives are added to the LC medium, which induce the desired alignment, e.g., homeotropic or planar alignment, in situ through a self-assembly mechanism. SA additives typically contain an organic mesogenic core group to which one or more polar anchoring groups, such as hydroxy, carboxy, amino, or thiol groups, are attached, which can interact with the substrate surface, aligning the additive on the substrate surface and inducing the desired alignment in the LC molecules. SA additives may also contain one or more polymerizable groups that can be polymerized under conditions similar to those of the RMs used in the PSA process. In addition to the SA additive, the LC medium may also contain one or more RMs.

[0005] One way to shorten the response time of LC media for PSA mode is to use compounds with alkenyl groups as components of the LC host mixture. However, this can lead to a decrease in the reliability of the mixture when exposed to the UV light required for the polymerization of the RM additives. This is thought to be due to the alkenyl compounds reacting with the polyimide in the alignment layer, which is particularly problematic when UV wavelengths shorter than 320 nm are used. Therefore, there is a trend toward using longer UV wavelengths in PSA processes.

[0006] UV-LED lamps have also been proposed for use in PSA processes because they consume less power, have a longer lifespan, and have a narrow emission peak, allowing for efficient transfer of light energy to the liquid crystal medium, thereby reducing UV intensity and UV exposure time, thereby shortening cycle time and reducing energy and manufacturing costs. Currently available UV lamps have higher wavelength emissions, for example at 365 nm.

[0007] There is therefore also a need for polymerizable LC media that allow RMs to be efficiently polymerized at longer UV wavelengths.

[0008] A further problem in the manufacture of PSA displays is the presence or removal of residual amounts of unpolymerized RM, especially after the polymerization step to create a pretilt angle in the display. Unreacted RM of this type can adversely affect the properties of the display, for example, by polymerizing in an uncontrolled manner during post-manufacturing operation of the display.

[0009] Thus, in prior art PSA displays, an additional "image sticking" effect caused by the presence of unpolymerized RM is often observed. Here, uncontrolled polymerization of the remaining RM is initiated by UV light from the environment or by the backlight. In switched display areas, this changes the tilt angle after a number of address cycles. As a result, a change in transmittance can occur in the switched areas, while in unswitched areas the transmittance remains unchanged.

[0010] Therefore, it is desirable that the polymerization of the RM proceed as completely as possible when producing PSA displays, and that the presence of unpolymerized RM in the display be eliminated or minimized as much as possible. Therefore, a RM and LC mixture that allows or encourages efficient and complete polymerization of the RM is required. In addition, controlled reaction of the remaining amount of RM would be desirable. This would be more convenient if the RM could be polymerized more quickly and efficiently than compounds known to date.

[0011] A further problem that has been observed in the operation of PSA displays is tilt angle stability. Thus, it has been observed that the tilt angle generated when polymerizing the RM and fabricating the display as described above does not remain constant, but may decrease after subjecting the display to voltage stress as the display is operated. This can adversely affect the performance of the display, for example by increasing the transmission in the dark state and therefore reducing the contrast. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0012] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved LC media comprising RMs for use in PSA or SA displays, and PSA or SA displays comprising them, which exhibit very high resistivity values, high VHR values, high reliability, low threshold voltage, short response time, high birefringence, good UV absorption especially at longer UV wavelengths, preferably in the range of 340-380 nm, fast and complete polymerization of the RM, controlled generation of low tilt angles, high stability of tilt angles after UV exposure, reduced image sticking and ODF mura, provided that the RMs exhibit high solubility in the LC host mixture.

[0013] It has been found that one or more of these objects may be achieved by providing an LC medium as disclosed and claimed hereinafter, which may comprise one or more polymerizable compounds. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] The present invention relates to an LC medium which preferably has negative dielectric anisotropy and which comprises one or more polymerizable compounds of the formula I and one or more compounds of the formula II.

[0015] [ka]

[0016] In the formula, the individual radicals each independently of one another have the following meanings, which may be the same or different at each occurrence: P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group or a single bond; L is P, P-Sp-, OH, CH2OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R x )2, -C(=O)Y 1 , -C(=O)R x , -N(R x )2, optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms or linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms (provided that one or more H atoms may additionally be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-), or L A and L A is alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, very preferably methyl or ethyl, r1, r2, and r3 are 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; provided that compounds of formula I include L A and at least one group L representing R 21 , R 22represents H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 20 C atoms (provided that one or more non-adjacent CH groups are -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CR) in such a way that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other. 0 =CR 00 -, -C≡C-, [ka] wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or CF3, respectively), preferably alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, R 0 , R 00 is H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, A 1 , A 2 is a radical selected from the following formulae, preferably from the formulae A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A9 and A10, very preferably from the formulae A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A9 and A10, [ka] Z 1 , Z 2 is —CH2CH2—, —CH═CH—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CHO—, —OCH2—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —C2F4—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CH—CHO— or a single bond, preferably a single bond, L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 is F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F or CHF2, preferably F or Cl, very preferably F, Y is H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2 or CH3, preferably H or CH3, very preferably H, L C is CH3 or OCH3, preferably CH3, a1 is 0, 1 or 2; a2 is 0 or 1.

[0017] Preferably, the following mixtures are excluded from the present invention:

[0018] A polymerizable LC mixture consisting of:

[0019] [Table 1]

[0020] A polymerizable LC mixture consisting of:

[0021] [Table 2]

[0022] A polymerizable LC mixture consisting of:

[0023] [Table 3]

[0024] However, N1 has the following composition:

[0025] [Table 4]

[0026] RM-1, RM-35, RM-76, RM-171 and ST-3a-1 have the following formula:

[0027] [ka]

[0028] The present invention further relates to an LC medium as described above and below, which additionally comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators and self-aligning additives.

[0029] The invention further relates to the use of an LC medium as described above and below in an LC display of PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS or SA-VA mode.

[0030] The present invention further relates to a method for preparing an LC medium as described above and below, which comprises mixing one or more compounds of formula I and II with further LC compounds and / or additives.

[0031] The present invention further relates to an LC display which comprises an LC medium according to the invention as described above and below and which is preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0032] The present invention further relates to an LC medium as described above and below, with the proviso that the polymerizable compound is present in polymerized form, which LC display is preferably a PSA or SA display, very preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0033] The invention further relates to a PSA type LC display comprising two substrates, at least one of which is transparent to light, an electrode provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates, and a layer of an LC medium as described above and below, arranged between the substrates, with the proviso that the polymerizable compound is polymerized between the substrates of the display by UV photopolymerization.

[0034] The present invention further relates to a method for producing an LC display as described above and below, comprising the steps of filling or otherwise providing an LC medium as described above and below between the substrates of the display, and polymerising the polymerisable compound by irradiation, preferably with UV light, preferably having a wavelength of more than 340 nm, preferably more than 360 nm, preferably in the range 340-400 nm, more preferably in the range 350-390 nm, very preferably in the range 360-380 nm and most preferably in the range 360-368 nm, preferably whilst applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display.

[0035] The present invention further relates to a method for producing a PSA display as described above and below, wherein the irradiation of the polymerizable compound is carried out using a UV-LED lamp.

[0036] The LC media according to the invention exhibit the following advantageous properties when used in PSA displays: They produce the desired degree of tilt angle after exposure to UV light, They allow fast polymerization of RM with minimal RM residue after UV treatment, They exhibit high VHR and high reliability both before and after UV treatment. They provide high tilt stability, They exhibit low image fixation. They exhibit good UV absorption, especially at longer UV wavelengths, preferably in the range of 340-400 nm, more preferably in the range of 350-390 nm, very preferably in the range of 360-380 nm and most preferably in the range of 360-368 nm, allowing a fast and complete polymerization of the RM at these wavelengths, They are suitable for use in PSA displays prepared by a polymerization process using UV-LED lamps, They allow to control the time range of the first UV step, during which the tilt angle is generated during UV processing, They keep the time range of the second UV step as short as possible to minimize production costs, After the first and second UV exposure steps, they reduce or avoid the negative impact of residual RM on LC mixture performance parameters such as VHR, tilt stability, etc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] Alkenyl groups in compounds of formula II, III, IV, V or their subformulas or other components of the LC medium as disclosed above and below are not considered to be within the meaning of the term "polymerizable group" as used herein. The polymerization conditions for the polymerizable compounds of the LC medium are preferably selected so that the alkenyl substituents do not participate in the polymerization reaction. Preferably, the LC media disclosed and claimed in this application do not contain additives that initiate or promote the participation of alkenyl groups in the polymerization reaction.

[0038] Unless otherwise specified, the polymerizable compound and the compound of formula II are preferably selected from achiral compounds.

[0039] As used herein, the expression "UV light having a wavelength of" followed by a predetermined wavelength range (in nm) or a predetermined lower or upper wavelength limit (in nm) means that the UV emission spectrum of the respective radiation source has an emission peak that is preferably the highest peak in the respective spectrum within the predetermined wavelength range or above the predetermined lower wavelength limit or below the predetermined upper wavelength limit, and / or that the UV absorption spectrum of the respective chemical has a long or short wavelength tail that extends within the predetermined wavelength range or above the predetermined lower wavelength limit or below the predetermined upper wavelength limit.

[0040] As used herein, the term "full width half maximum" or "FWHM" refers to the width of a spectral curve measured between points on the y-axis that are half the maximum amplitude.

[0041] As used herein, the term "substantially transmit" means that the filter transmits a majority of incident light of a desired wavelength, preferably at least 50% intensity. As used herein, the term "substantially block" means that the filter does not transmit a majority of incident light of undesired wavelengths, preferably at least 50% intensity. As used herein, the term "desired (undesired) wavelength" means, for example, in the case of a bandpass filter, a wavelength within (outside) a given λ range, and in the case of a cutoff filter, a wavelength above (below) a given λ value.

[0042] As used herein, the terms "active layer" and "switchable layer" refer to a layer in an electro-optical display, e.g., an LC display, that contains one or more types of molecules with structural and optical anisotropy, e.g., LC molecules, that undergo a change in molecular orientation upon application of an external stimulus, such as an electric or magnetic field, resulting in a change in the transparency of the layer for polarized or unpolarized light.

[0043] As used herein, the terms "tilt" and "tilt angle" are understood to mean the tilted orientation of the LC molecules of the LC medium in an LC display (herein preferably a PSA display) relative to the cell surface. As used herein, tilt angle means the average angle (less than 90°) between the molecular long axis (LC director) of the LC molecules and the surfaces of the flat, parallel outer plates forming the LC cell. As used herein, low values ​​of tilt angle (i.e., large deviations from the 90° angle) correspond to large tilt. A suitable method for measuring tilt angle is given in the examples. Unless otherwise indicated, the tilt angle values ​​disclosed above and below refer to this measurement method.

[0044] As used herein, the terms "reactive mesogen" and "RM" are understood to mean a compound containing a mesogenic or liquid crystalline backbone and one or more functional groups attached to the backbone that are suitable for polymerization, which functional groups are also referred to as "polymerizable groups" or "P".

[0045] Unless otherwise stated, as used herein, the term "polymerizable compound" is understood to mean a polymerizable monomeric compound.

[0046] SA-VA displays according to the present invention are polymer-stabilized mode displays that comprise or are prepared using an LC medium comprising an RM of formulae I and II. Consequently, as used herein, the term "SA-VA display" when referring to a display according to the present invention is understood to refer to a polymer-stabilized SA-VA display, even if not explicitly mentioned.

[0047] As used herein, the term "low molecular weight compound" is understood as a term in contrast to "polymeric compound" or "polymer" to mean a compound that is monomeric and / or not prepared by a polymerization reaction.

[0048] As used herein, the term "non-polymerizable compound" is understood to mean a compound that does not contain functional groups suitable for polymerization under conditions normally applied for the polymerization of RMs.

[0049] As used herein, the term "mesogenic group" refers to a group known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature that essentially contributes to the generation of a liquid crystal (LC) phase in low-molecular-weight or polymeric materials due to the anisotropy of its attractive and repulsive interactions. A compound containing a mesogenic group (mesogenic compound) does not necessarily have an LC phase by itself. It is also possible for a mesogenic compound to exhibit LC phase behavior only after mixing with other compounds and / or polymerization. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, rigid rod- or disc-shaped units. A review of terms and definitions used in relation to mesogens or LC compounds is given in Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, Vol. 73 (No. 5), p. 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, pp. 6340-6368.

[0050] As used herein, the term "spacer group", hereinafter also referred to as "Sp", is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, see, for example, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, vol. 73 (No. 5), p. 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, vol. 116, pp. 6340-6368. As used herein, the term "spacer group" or "spacer" refers to a flexible group, such as an alkylene group, that connects a mesogenic group and a polymerizable group(s) in a polymerizable mesogenic compound.

[0051] Above and below, [ka] represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene ring, [ka] represents a 1,4-phenylene ring.

[0052] base [ka] The single bond shown between two ring atoms in can be attached to any free position on the benzene ring.

[0053] In the formulas above and below, R 1A,2A , R 1 , R 2 , R 11,12,13 , R 21,22 , R 31,32 , R 41,42 , R 51,52 , R 61,62 , R 71,72 , R 81,82,83 , R Q , R 0 , R, R M , R S , R S1,S2,S3,S4or L represents an alkyl and / or alkoxy group, which may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms and therefore preferably represents ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy or heptyloxy, further methyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, methoxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy or tetradecyloxy.

[0054] If one of the above-mentioned terminal groups represents an alkyl group in which one or more CH groups have been replaced by S, this may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms and therefore preferably represents thiomethyl, thioethyl, thiopropyl, thiobutyl, thiopentyl, thiohexyl or thioheptyl.

[0055] Oxaalkyl preferably represents straight-chain 2-oxapropyl (= methoxymethyl), 2- (= ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (= 2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3- or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-oxahexyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-oxaheptyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-oxaoctyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-oxanonyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-oxadecyl.

[0056] When one of the above terminal groups represents an alkoxy or oxaalkyl group, it may also contain one or more additional oxygen atoms, provided that the oxygen atoms are not directly linked to one another.

[0057] If one of the above-mentioned end groups represents an alkyl group in which one or more CH groups have been replaced by -CH=CH-, this may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2 to 10 C atoms. It therefore stands in particular for vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, pent-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hex-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-enyl, hept-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl, oct-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6- or -7-enyl, non-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or -8-enyl, dec-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7-, -8- or -9-enyl.

[0058] When one of the above-mentioned terminal groups represents an alkyl or alkenyl group that is at least monosubstituted with a halogen, this group is preferably linear, and the halogen is preferably F or Cl. In the case of polysubstitution, the halogen is preferably F. The resulting group also includes perfluoro groups. In the case of monosubstitution, the fluorine or chlorine substituent may be in any desired position, but is preferably in the ω-position.

[0059] In another preferred embodiment, R 1A,2A , R 1 , R 2 , R 11,12,13 , R 31,32 , R 41,42 , R 51,52 , R 61,62 , R 71,72 , R 81,82,83 , R Q , R 0 , R, R M , R S , R S1,S2,S3,S4 One or more of the above-mentioned terminal groups or L may be [ka] -S 1 -F, -OS 1 -F, -O-S1-O-S2 (S in the formula 1 is C 1~12-Alkylene or C 2~12 -alkenylene, and S 2 is H, C 1~12 -Alkyl or C 2~12 -alkenyl), very preferably [ka] Selected from the group consisting of -OCH2OCH3, -O(CH2)3OCH3, -O(CH2)4OCH3, -O(CH2)2F, -O(CH2)3F, -O(CH2)4F.

[0060] Halogen is preferably F or Cl, very preferably F.

[0061] Group-CR 0 =CR 00 - is preferably -CH=CH-.

[0062] -CO-, -C(=O)- and -C(O)- are carbonyl groups, i.e. [ka] Represents.

[0063] Preferred substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, —C(═O)N(R x )2, -C(=O)Y 1 , -C(=O)R x , -N(R x )2, linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy each having 1 to 25 C atoms (wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl), optionally substituted silyl having 1 to 20 Si atoms, or optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15, C atoms,

[0064] In the formula, R xrepresents H, F, Cl, CN, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 C atoms, with the proviso that one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O- and / or S- atoms are not directly linked to one another, with the proviso that one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P- or P-Sp-, respectively, and

[0065] Y 1 represents a halogen.

[0066] Particularly preferred substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5, and also phenyl.

[0067] [ka] wherein L has one of the meanings given above.

[0068] In the compounds of formula I and its sub-formulas, P is preferably acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably methacrylate. Preferably, all P groups in formula I and its sub-formulas have the same meaning, very preferably methacrylate.

[0069] In the compounds of formula I and its subformulas, preferably at least one group Sp, very preferably all groups Sp, represent a single bond.

[0070] In compounds of formula I and its subformulas, Sp, when different from a single bond, is preferably selected from -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2 and -CO-O-(CH)2-, provided that the O atom or CO group is attached to the benzene ring.

[0071] In compounds of formula I and its subformulas, at least one of r1, r2 and r3 is not 0. Preferably, r1, r2 and r3 are each independently 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1, and r1+r2+r3=1, 2 or 3. Compounds of formula I in which r2=r3=0 and r1=1 are further preferred. A and preferably located on the outside of the benzene ring, very preferably in the m position relative to the group P-Sp, and L A Further preferred are compounds of formula I and its subformulae which may contain one further substituent L different from

[0072] In the compounds of formula I and its subformulas, L A is preferably selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl, very preferably from methyl, ethyl and n-propyl, most preferably represents methyl or ethyl.

[0073] In compounds of formula I and its subformulas, L is L A is different from F, preferably selected from F, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, SCH3 and SC2H5, very preferably selected from F, OCH3 and SCH3.

[0074] Further preferred compounds of formula I are selected from the following subformulae:

[0075] [ka]

[0076] [ka]

[0077] [ka]

[0078] [ka]

[0079] wherein P has one of the meanings as given in formula I or one of the preferred meanings as given above and below, Sp' has one of the meanings given for Sp different from a single bond, and at least one of L is L A represents. P is preferably an acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably a methacrylate. Preferably, all groups P in formulae I-1 to I-28 have the same meaning, very preferably a methacrylate. Sp' is preferably selected from -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2 and -CO-O-(CH)2-, where the O atom or CO group is linked to the benzene ring. L is preferably C2H5, and if two groups are present, one preferably represents C2H5 and the other is preferably selected from F, CH3, OCH3, OCH2H5, SCH3, SC2H5 and C2H5, very preferably F, OCH3 and SCH3.

[0080] Compounds of formula I-1, I-2, I-3, I-4, I-7, I-9, I-10, I-11, I-12, I-15 and I-16, I-18, I-20, I-27 and I-28 are highly preferred, especially those of formula I-1, I-11 and I-15. Compounds of formula I-1 are most preferred.

[0081] Highly preferred compounds of formula I are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0082] [ka]

[0083] [ka]

[0084] [ka]

[0085] [ka]

[0086] [ka]

[0087] [ka]

[0088] Compounds of formula I1 and I2 are highly preferred.

[0089] The total proportion of polymerizable compounds of formula I or any sub-formula thereof in the LC medium according to the invention is preferably 0.05 to 1.0%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8%, very preferably 0.2 to 0.7%.

[0090] Preferably the LC media according to the invention have negative dielectric anisotropy.

[0091] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula II selected from the group consisting of the compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, IIE and IIF.

[0092] [ka]

[0093] In the formula, the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have the following meaning independently of one another: R 21 and R 22is H, an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 15, preferably up to 6, C atoms, provided that it is unsubstituted or monosubstituted with F, Cl, CN or CF, provided that in addition one or more CH groups in these groups are not directly linked to one another by O and / or S atoms, such as -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, [ka] may be replaced by L 1 ~L 4 is F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, Y is H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2 or CH3, preferably H or CH3, particularly preferably H, Z 2 , Z 2 is a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CHO-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CHCHO, p is 0, 1 or 2, and q is either 0 or 1

[0094] Preferred compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, IIE and IIF are 22 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having up to 15 C atoms, very preferably (O)C v H 2v+1 wherein (O) is an oxygen atom or a single bond, and v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0095] Further preferred compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, IIE and IIF are 21 or R 22 is preferably [ka] (S in the formula 1 is C 1~12 -Alkylene or C2~12 -alkenylene, and S 2 is H, C 1~12 -Alkyl or C 2~12 -alkenyl), and very preferably [ka] and represents or contains a cycloalkyl or cycloalkoxy group selected from the group consisting of:

[0096] More preferred compounds of formula IIA, IIB, IIC, IID, IIE and IIF are shown below.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

[0098] [ka]

[0099] [ka]

[0100] [ka]

[0101] [ka]

[0102] [ka]

[0103] [ka]

[0104] [ka]

[0105] [ka]

[0106] [ka]

[0107] [ka]

[0108] [ka]

[0109] [ka]

[0110] In the formula, the index represents 1 or 2, and alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, alkenyl represents a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0111] Particularly preferred LC media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-9, IIA-10, IIA-16, IIA-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIA-69, IIA-71 and IIA-83

[0112] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA-2 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0113] [ka]

[0114] Alternatively and preferably, in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIA-2-1 to IIA-2-6 the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the following formulae:

[0115] [ka]

[0116] More preferably, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-10 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0117] [ka]

[0118] Alternatively and preferably, in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIA-10-1 to IIA-10-7 the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the following formulae:

[0119] [ka]

[0120] More preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-16 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0121] [ka]

[0122] More preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-16 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0123] [ka]

[0124] Alternatively and preferably, in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIA-40-1 to IIA-40-5 the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the following formulae:

[0125] [ka]

[0126] More preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-42 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0127] [ka]

[0128] More preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-69 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0129] [ka]

[0130] More preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIA-71 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0131] [ka]

[0132] More preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIA-83 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0133] [ka]

[0134] Preferred LC media additionally comprise one or more compounds of the formulae IIA-Y.

[0135] [ka]

[0136] In the formula, R 21 and R 22 has one of the meanings given above in formula IIA, L 1 and L 2 are the same or different and represent F or Cl.

[0137] Preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0138] [ka]

[0139] [ka]

[0140] In the formula, Alkyl and Alkyl * each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, Alkoxy represents a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, Alkenyl and Alkenyl * each independently represents a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. *preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0141] Particularly preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0142] [ka]

[0143] In the formula, Alkoxy and Alkoxy * has the meaning defined above and preferably denotes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, n-butyloxy or n-pentyloxy.

[0144] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIB selected from the group consisting of the formulae IIB-1 to IIB-35.

[0145] [ka]

[0146] [ka]

[0147] [ka]

[0148] [ka]

[0149] [ka]

[0150] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * are each independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0151] Particularly preferred LC media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae IIB-2, IIB-14 and IIB-20

[0152] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIB-14 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0153] [ka]

[0154] Alternatively and preferably, in addition to the compounds of the formulae IIB-14-1 to IIB-14-5 the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IIB-14a-1 to IIB-14a-5.

[0155] [ka]

[0156] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIB-20 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0157] [ka]

[0158] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIC selected from formula IIC-1.

[0159] [ka]

[0160] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably in an amount of 0.5% to 5% by weight, in particular 1% to 3% by weight.

[0161] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

[0162] [ka]

[0163] [ka]

[0164] [ka]

[0165] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * are each independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0166] Particularly preferred LC media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds of the formulae IID-1, IID-4, IID-12 and / or IID-19.

[0167] Highly preferred compounds of formula IID are selected from the following subformulae of IID-1:

[0168] [ka]

[0169] [ka]

[0170] [ka]

[0171] [ka]

[0172] wherein v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0173] Highly preferred compounds of formula IID are selected from the following subformulae of IID-4:

[0174] [ka]

[0175] [ka]

[0176] [ka]

[0177] [ka]

[0178] wherein v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0179] Highly preferred compounds of formula IID are selected from the following subformulae of IID-12:

[0180] [ka]

[0181] [ka]

[0182] [ka]

[0183] wherein v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0184] In a preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID-12a.

[0185] [ka]

[0186] In the formula, R 21 , Y and q have the meanings given in formula IID, and R 23 teeth [ka] wherein r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and s is 1, 2, or 3.

[0187] Preferred compounds of formula IID-12a are compounds IID-12a-1 to IID-12a-14.

[0188] [ka]

[0189] [ka]

[0190] [ka]

[0191] Highly preferred compounds of formula IID are selected from the following subformulae of IID-19:

[0192] [ka]

[0193] [ka]

[0194] [ka]

[0195] [ka]

[0196] wherein v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIE selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

[0198] [ka]

[0199]

change

[0200]

change

[0201]

change

[0202]

change

[0203]

change

[0204]

change

[0205]

change

[0206]

change

[0207]

change

[0208]

change

[0209]

change

[0210] In the formula, the index represents 1 or 2, and alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, alkenyl represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0211] Particularly preferred LC media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae IIE-2, IIE-8, IIE-10, IIE-16, IIE-18, IIE-37, IIE-38, IIE-39 and IIE-40

[0212] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIE-2 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0213] [ka]

[0214] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIE-10 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0215] [ka]

[0216] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIF selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

[0217] [ka]

[0218] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0219] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIF-2 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0220] [ka]

[0221] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIF-3 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0222] [ka]

[0223] Particularly preferred LC media according to the invention comprise one or more compounds selected from the formulae IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-9, IIA-10, IIA-16, IIA-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIA-67, IIA-69, IIA-71, IIA-83, IIB-2, IIB-10, IIB-16, IIC-1 and IID-1, IID-4, IID-12, IID-19, IIE-2, IIE-8, IIE-10, IIE-16, IIE-18, IIE-37, IIE-38, IIE-39, IIE-40, IIF-2 and IIF-3 or sub-formulae thereof.

[0224] The proportion of the compounds of formula IIA and / or IIB in the entire mixture is 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight.

[0225] The medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula III and / or formula IIIA and / or formula BC and / or formula PH-1.

[0226] [ka]

[0227] [ka]

[0228] [ka]

[0229] [ka]

[0230] In the formula, the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have, independently of one another, the following meanings: R 31 , R 32 , R B1 , R B2 , R P1 and R P2 is H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, provided that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are not directly linked to the O atoms. [ka] -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, provided that one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; A 3 teeth, a) a 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, in which one or two non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by —O— or —S—; b) a 1,4-phenylene group, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) a group selected from the group consisting of spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, and fluorene-2,7-diyl and provided that groups a), b) and c) may be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen atoms; n is 0, 1 or 2; Z 3 is -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -C2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CHO-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, L 31 , L 32 is F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 is H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, CH3 or OCH3, preferably H, CH3 or OCH3, very preferably H, However, H may be replaced by deuterium.

[0231] Preferred compounds of formula III are those of formulae III-1 to III-6:

[0232] [ka]

[0233] in which the occurring radicals have the same meaning as given above in formula III, preferably R 31 and R 32each independently represent an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group having up to 15 C atoms, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, more preferably one or both of which represent an alkoxy group or a cyclic alkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, R 33 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 7 C atoms or a group Cy-C n H 2n+1 - represents m and n are the same or different and represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 1, 2 or 3, very preferably 1, Cy represents a cycloaliphatic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms, which may be substituted by alkyl or alkenyl having up to 3 C atoms or by halogen or CN, preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl, (O) represents O or a single bond; L 31 and L 32 each independently represents F or Cl, preferably both represent F, and Y 3 represents H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, CH3 or OCH3, preferably H or CH3.

[0234] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula III-1 selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae III-1-1 to III-1-20, preferably of the formulae III-1-1 and III-1-11:

[0235] [ka]

[0236] [ka]

[0237] [ka]

[0238] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represent a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy * each independently represent a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and L 31 and L 32 each independently represents F or Cl, preferably both represent F.

[0239] Highly preferred compounds of formula III-1-1 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0240] [ka]

[0241] Highly preferred compounds of formula III-1-11 are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0242] [ka]

[0243] Highly preferred compounds of formula III-2 are:

[0244] [ka]

[0245] [ka]

[0246] In the formula, alkoxy denotes a straight-chain alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentoxy, very preferably ethoxy or propoxy, and alkenyl denotes a straight-chain alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms.

[0247] Highly preferred compounds of formula III-6 are selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

[0248] [ka]

[0249] [ka]

[0250] [ka]

[0251] In the formula, R 32 is alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl or alternatively -(CH2) n F (wherein n is 2, 3, 4 or 5), preferably C2H4F.

[0252] Preferred compounds of formula III are III-1-1-3, III-1-1-4, III-1-1-5, III-2-7 and III-6-2, with the compounds B(S)-2O-O4, B(S)-2O-O5, B(S)-2O-O6, B(S)-2O-O1(c5), B(S)-4O-O1(c5), B(S)-1VO-O1(c5), B(S)-2O-O1(c3), B(S)-2O-O1(c4) and COB(S)-2-O4 being most preferred.

[0253] Preferably the LC medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula IIIA.

[0254] [ka]

[0255] In the formula, R 31 , R 32 , A 3 , Z 3 , L 31 , L 32 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and n has the meaning given above for Formula III.

[0256] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA-1

[0257] [ka]

[0258] wherein the occurring radicals have the same meaning as given above in formula IIIA, preferably R 31 and R 32 are each independently an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group having up to 15 C atoms, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, more preferably one or both of which represent an alkoxy group or a cyclic alkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, and L 31 and L 32 each independently represents F or Cl, and preferably both represent F.

[0259] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA-1 selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IIIA-1-1 to IIIA-1-20, preferably of the formulae IIIA-1-8 and IIIA-1-18:

[0260] [ka]

[0261] [ka]

[0262] [ka]

[0263] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represent a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy and alkoxy * each independently represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, L 31 and L 32 each independently represents F or Cl, preferably both represent F.

[0264] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA-1-8 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0265] [ka]

[0266] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA-1-18 selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0267] [ka]

[0268] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA-2

[0269] [ka]

[0270] In the formula, L 31 and L 32 has the same meaning as given in formula IIIA, (O) represents O or a single bond, R 33 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 7 C atoms or a group Cy-C n H 2n+1 - represents m and n are the same or different and represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 1, 2 or 3, very preferably 1, Cy represents a cycloaliphatic group having 3, 4 or 5 ring atoms, which may be substituted with alkyl or alkenyl having up to 3 C atoms or with halogen or CN, and preferably represents cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclopentenyl.

[0271] The compound of formula IIIA-2 is included in the LC medium either instead of or in addition to, preferably in addition to, the compound of formula III.

[0272] Highly preferred compounds of formula IIIA-2 are:

[0273] [ka]

[0274] In the formula, alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0275] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IIIA-3 to IIIA-5

[0276] [ka]

[0277] wherein the occurring groups have the same meanings as given in formula III, and R 31 preferably represents a linear alkyl or a cyclic alkyl, and R 32 preferably denotes alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0278] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula IIIA-6

[0279] [ka]

[0280] in which the occurring radicals have the same meaning as given in formula III, preferably R 31 and R 32 are each independently an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group having up to 15 C atoms, preferably 1 to 7 C atoms, and more preferably one or both of them represent an alkoxy group.

[0281] Highly preferred compounds of formula IIIA-6 are selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

[0282] [ka]

[0283] [ka]

[0284] In the formula, R 32 is alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl or cyclopentylmethyl or alternatively -(CH2) nF (wherein n is 2, 3, 4 or 5), preferably C2H4F.

[0285] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of the difluorodibenzochroman compounds of the formula BC, the chromans of the formula CR and the fluorinated phenanthrenes of the formulae PH-1 and PH-2.

[0286] [ka]

[0287] During the ceremony R B1 , R B2 , R CR1 , R CR2 , R P1 , R P2 each independently represent H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, preferably 1 to 7 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups in these groups are not directly linked to the O atoms. [ka] may be replaced independently by —C≡C—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH═CH—, —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; R 81 and R 82 preferably, independently of one another, denote alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms, c is 0, 1 or 2, and Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 each independently represent H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, CH3 or OCH3.

[0288] The LC media according to the invention comprise compounds of the formulae BC, CR, PH-1, PH-2 preferably in an amount of 3 to 20% by weight, in particular in an amount of 3 to 15% by weight.

[0289] Particularly preferred compounds of formulae BC, CR and PH-1 are compounds BC-1 to BC-7, CR-1 to CR-5 and BP-1 to BP-7.

[0290] Particularly preferred compounds of formulae BC and CR are compounds BC-1 to BC-7 and CR-1 to CR-5.

[0291] [ka]

[0292] [ka]

[0293] [ka]

[0294] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0295] More preferred are mixtures comprising one, two or three compounds of formula BC-2, BC-3, BP-2 and / or BP-3, very preferably BP-2 and / or BP-3, especially BP-3.

[0296] A particularly preferred compound of formula BC is compound B(A)-2O-O2.

[0297] [ka]

[0298] Particularly preferred compounds of formula PH-1 are the compounds B(P)-2O-O3, B(P)-(c5)1O-O3, B(P)-2O-O4 and B(P)-(c5)1O-O4.

[0299] [ka]

[0300] In a preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV.

[0301] [ka]

[0302] During the ceremony, R 41 is an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms (provided that in addition, one or more CH2 groups [ka] ) or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably an n-alkyl group, particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, and R 42 represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms (both preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms), or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, more preferably a vinyl group or a 1-propenyl group, in particular a vinyl group.

[0303] The compound of formula IV is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formulae IV-1 to IV-4:

[0304] [ka]

[0305] During the ceremony, alkyl and alkyl' independently denote alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably 2 C atoms; alkenyl' represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 C atoms, preferably 2 to 4 C atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 3 C atoms, Alkoxy represents alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, preferably having 2 to 4 C atoms.

[0306] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the compounds of the formulae IV-1-1 to IV-1-6:

[0307] [ka]

[0308] [ka]

[0309] In the formula, alkyl represents methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or n-pentyl.

[0310] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IV-2-1 and / or IV-2-2.

[0311] [ka]

[0312] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises a compound of the formula IV-3, in particular selected from the compounds of the following subformulae:

[0313] [ka]

[0314] The LC medium according to the invention preferably comprises one or more compounds CC-nV and / or CC-n-Vm, in particular CC-3-V, CC-4-V, CC-3-V1 and / or CC-4-V1, in a total concentration ranging from 15 to 70%, preferably from 25 to 55%, very preferably from 30 to 50%. CC-3-V is preferably used in a concentration ranging from 5 to 60%, in particular from 10 to 55%. In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises CC-3-V and CC-3-V1 or CC-3-V and CC-4-V1.

[0315] In another embodiment the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV-3 selected from the compounds of the following subformulae:

[0316] [ka]

[0317] [ka]

[0318] [ka]

[0319] In the formula, alkyl represents methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or n-pentyl.

[0320] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises a compound of the formula IV-4, in particular selected from the compounds of the following formulae:

[0321] [ka]

[0322] In another embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-4 and its sub-formulae, wherein one or both of "alkenyl" and "alkenyl'" are [ka] where m is 0, 1 or 2 and n is 0, 1 or 2.) and are very preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae IV-4-3 to IV-4-6:

[0323] Very preferably, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-1 or any subformula thereof and / or one or more compounds of formula IV-3 or any subformula thereof and / or one or more compounds of formula IV-4 or any subformula thereof, with the proviso that the concentration of these compounds of formula IV-1 is in the range from 1% to 30%.

[0324] The LC media according to the invention preferably additionally comprise one or more compounds of the formula IVa.

[0325] [ka]

[0326] During the ceremony, R 41 and R 42 each independently represent a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkenyloxy group having up to 12 C atoms, [ka] Z 4represents a single bond, -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -C4H8- or -CF=CF-.

[0327] Preferred compounds of formula IVa are shown below.

[0328] [ka]

[0329] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0330] Among the compounds of formulae IVa-1 to IVa-4, the compound of formula IVa-2 is particularly preferred.

[0331] The LC media according to the invention preferably comprise at least one compound of the formula IVa-1 and / or IVa-2.

[0332] The proportion of compounds of formula IVa in the mixture as a whole is preferably at least 5% by weight.

[0333] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IVb-1 to IVb-5.

[0334] [ka]

[0335] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * each independently represent a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0336] The proportion of the compounds of the formulae IVb-1 to IVb-5 in the mixture as a whole is preferably at least 3% by weight, in particular 5% by weight or more.

[0337] Among the compounds of formulae IVb-1 to IVb-5, the compound of formula IVb-2 is particularly preferred.

[0338] Particularly preferred compounds of formulae IVb-1 to IVb-5 are selected from the group consisting of the following formulae:

[0339] [ka]

[0340] In the formula, alkyl * represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably n-propyl.

[0341] The LC media according to the invention particularly preferably comprise one or more compounds of the formulae IVb-1-1 and / or IVb-2-3.

[0342] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula V

[0343] [ka]

[0344] During the ceremony, R 51 and R 52 represent, independently of one another, H, an alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl group having up to 15 C atoms, which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted with F, Cl, CN or CF3 or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, provided that in addition one or more CH2 groups in these groups are not directly linked to one another and are substituted with -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, [ka] and preferably represents alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably n-alkyl, particularly preferably n-alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably n-alkoxy, particularly preferably n-alkoxy having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably 2 to 4 C atoms, alkenyl or alkenyloxy, preferably alkenyloxy, [ka] During the ceremony, [ka] Z 51 , Z 52 each independently represent -CH-CH-, -CH-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO- or a single bond, preferably -CH-CH-, -CH-O- or a single bond, particularly preferably a single bond, and n is 1 or 2.

[0345] The compound of formula V is preferably selected from the compounds of formulae V-1 to V-17.

[0346] [ka]

[0347] [ka]

[0348] In the formula, R 1 and R 2 is R above 51 and R 52 "A" has the meaning indicated in

[0349] R 1 and R 2are each independently a straight-chain alkyl or alkenyl.

[0350] Preferred media comprise one or more compounds of formula V-1, V-3, V-4, V-6, V-7, V-10, V-11, V-12, V-14, V-15, V-16 and / or V-18.

[0351] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of the formula V-7, preferably selected from the compounds of the formulae V-7a to V-7e

[0352] [ka]

[0353] In the formula, alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, and cycloalkyl represents a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 C atoms, preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylalkyl, cyclobutylalkyl, or cyclopentylalkyl.

[0354] Highly preferred compounds of formulae V-7a to V-7e are selected from the compounds of the following sub-formulae:

[0355] [ka]

[0356] [ka]

[0357] [ka]

[0358] [ka]

[0359] In the formula, alkyl represents ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl or n-pentyl, preferably n-propyl.

[0360] The LC media according to the invention very particularly preferably comprise compounds of the formulae V-10 and / or IV-1, in particular in an amount of 5 to 30%.

[0361] Highly preferred compounds of formula V-10 are selected from the compounds of formulae V-10-1 to V-10-7:

[0362] [ka]

[0363] The LC media according to the invention particularly preferably comprise tricyclic compounds of the formulae V-10a and / or V-10b in combination with one or more bicyclohexyl compounds of the formula IV-1. The total proportion of compounds of the formulae V-10a and / or V-10b in combination with one or more compounds selected from the bicyclohexyl compounds of the formula IV-1 is 5 to 40%, very particularly preferably 15 to 35%.

[0364] Particularly preferred LC media include compounds V-10a and IV-1-1.

[0365] [ka]

[0366] Compounds V-10a and IV-1-1 are preferably present in the mixture in a concentration of 5 to 35%, very preferably 10 to 25%, based on the mixture as a whole.

[0367] Further preferred LC media comprise at least one compound selected from the group of compounds:

[0368] [ka]

[0369] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , R 41 and R 42 has the meaning given above. Preferably, in compounds V-6, V-7 and IV, R 1 and R 41 represents alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 6 or 2 to 6 C atoms, respectively, and R 2 and R 42 represents alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Preferably, in compound V-14, R 1 represents alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 6 or 2 to 6 C atoms, R 2 represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms.

[0370] Highly preferred compounds of formula V17 are selected from compounds of formulae V17-1 to V17-9:

[0371] [ka]

[0372] R 51 and R 52 Further preferred are compounds of formula V, in which independently of one another, denote linear alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms.

[0373] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of the formula CL.

[0374] [ka]

[0375] During the ceremony R Lrepresents H, a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, or a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, each independently replaced by one another, provided that in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; X L represents F, Cl, CN, CHF2, CF3, OCF3, or the same or different R L has one of the meanings of Y L represents H, F, Cl or CH3.

[0376] The compound of formula CL is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula CL-1, CL-2 and CL-3.

[0377] [ka]

[0378] During the ceremony, R L1 and R L2 are the same or different on R L and preferably denotes alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 7 or 2 to 7 C atoms, respectively, with the proviso that the CH2 group may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl, or R L2 represents alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms.

[0379] Highly preferred compounds of formula CL are selected from compounds of formulae CL-3-1 to CL-3-18:

[0380] [ka]

[0381] [ka]

[0382] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the medium according to the invention comprises the compound CL-3-1 or CL-3-3.

[0383] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VI-1 to VI-24.

[0384] [ka]

[0385] [ka]

[0386] [ka]

[0387] During the ceremony, R represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, (O) represents O or a single bond, X represents F, Cl, OCF3 or OCHF2, L x represents H or F; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0388] R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy.

[0389] X preferably represents F or OCH3, very preferably F.

[0390] The LC media according to the invention preferably contain terphenyls of the formulae VI-1 to VI-25 in an amount of 2 to 30% by weight, in particular 5 to 20% by weight.

[0391] Particularly preferred are compounds of formulae VI-1, VI-3, VI-19, VI-20 and VI-21 in which X is F. In these compounds, R preferably represents alkyl, furthermore alkoxy, each having 1 to 5 C atoms. In compounds of formula VI-19, R preferably represents alkyl or alkenyl, particularly alkyl. In compounds of formula VI-20, R preferably represents alkyl. In compounds of formulae VI-21 to VI-24, X preferably represents F.

[0392] Terphenyls of the formulae VI-1 to VI-24 are preferably employed in the LC media according to the invention, if the mixture has a Δn value of 0.1 or more. Preferred LC media contain 2 to 20% by weight of one or more terphenyl compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VI-1 to VI-24

[0393] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VIa-1 to VIa-15.

[0394] [ka]

[0395] [ka]

[0396] [ka]

[0397] In the formula, R 61 represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; (O) represents —O— or a single bond; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0398] R 61 preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy.

[0399] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae VII-1 to VII-9.

[0400] [ka]

[0401] During the ceremony, R 1 are each independently a group represented by R in formula IIA. 21 has one of the meanings given in w and x each independently represent 1 to 6;

[0402] Particularly preferred are LC media which comprise at least one compound of the formula VII-9.

[0403] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds of formula VIII.

[0404] [ka]

[0405] During the ceremony, R 81 and R 82 are the same or different and represent H, halogen, CN, SCN, linear alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms, linear alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms, or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] each independently being replaced by -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; A 0 , A 81 and A 82 are each independently phenylene-1,4-diyl (in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, CN, CH3, CHF2, CH2F, CF3, OCH3, OCHF2 or OCF3), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (in which one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced independently by O and / or S and one or more H atoms may be replaced by F), cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; Z 81 and Z 82 represent, independently of one another, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -C2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2H4-, -C2F4-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CFHCFH-, -CFHCH2-, -CH2CFH-, -CF2CFH-, -CFHCF2-, -CH=CH-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CF-, -C≡C- or a single bond; N represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 0 or 1, particularly preferably 0; and M represents 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 1 or 2, in particular 1.

[0406] A in Formula I 81 and A 81preferably denotes phenylene-1,4-diyl (which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by F), furthermore cyclohexane-1,4-diyl, cyclohexenylene-1,4-diyl, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, very preferably phenylene-1,4-diyl (which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by F) or cyclohexane-1,4-diyl.

[0407] Z in Formula VIII 81 and Z 81 preferably represents -CF2O-, -OCF2- or a single bond, very preferably a single bond.

[0408] A in Formula VIII 81 and A 81 is particularly preferably [ka] wherein L represents halogen, CF3 or CN, preferably F.

[0409] R 81 and R 82 Further preferred are compounds of formula VIII, in which each independently of one another denotes H, F or alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, C atoms, each of which may be replaced by halogen, in particular F.

[0410] R 81 and R 82 preferably represents H, optionally fluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms, optionally fluorinated alkenyl or alkynyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, optionally fluorinated cycloalkyl having 3 to 12 C atoms.

[0411] Preferably R 81 and R 82 At least one of these is not H, and particularly preferably R 81 and R 82 Both of these are not H.81 is very particularly preferably alkyl. 82 is more preferably H, alkyl or fluorine. Very particularly preferably R 81 is alkyl, and R 82 is H or alkyl. R 81 , R 82 R each independently very particularly preferably denotes unbranched alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms. 81 and R 82 represents a substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkynyl, two groups R 81 and R 82 The total number of C atoms in is preferably less than 10.

[0412] Preferred compounds of formula VIII are selected from compounds of formula VIIIa:

[0413] [ka]

[0414] In the formula, R 81 and R 82 are the same or different and represent a linear alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, a linear alkenyl having 2 to 15 C atoms, or a branched alkyl or alkenyl having 3 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are [ka] and each independently may be replaced by one or more H atoms in said group, preferably R 81 and R 82 Both of these represent linear alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0415] Highly preferred compounds of formula VIIIa are selected from compounds of formulae VIIIa-1 to VIIIa-35:

[0416] [ka]

[0417] [ka]

[0418] [ka]

[0419] [ka]

[0420] [ka]

[0421] [ka]

[0422] In the formula, v is an integer of 1 to 6.

[0423] More preferred compounds of formula VIII are selected from the following subformulae:

[0424] [ka]

[0425] In the formula, R 81 , R 82 and L have the meanings given above, L preferably represents F, and r, s and t are independently 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. r is preferably 1 or 2, very preferably 2, and s and t are independently preferably 0 or 1, very preferably 0. R 81 and R 82 particularly independently denotes n-alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms.

[0426] In a highly preferred embodiment, the compounds of formulae VIII-1 to VIII-6 are selected from the compounds of formulae VIII-1a to VIII-6a, in particular from the compounds of formula VIII-3a.

[0427] [ka]

[0428] In the formula, R 81 , R 82 , r and s have the meanings defined above.

[0429] Very particularly preferably, the medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae VIII-3a, VIII-3b, VIII-3c and VIII-3d.

[0430] [ka]

[0431] In the formula, R 81 , R 82 , L and r have the meanings defined above, and preferably r is 0.

[0432] The most preferred compounds of formula VIII-3a include, in particular, one or more of the following:

[0433] [ka]

[0434] [ka]

[0435] [ka]

[0436] Alternatively or additionally, compounds of formula I below may be used:

[0437] [ka]

[0438] [ka]

[0439] [ka]

[0440] [ka]

[0441] In a preferred embodiment, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IX.

[0442] [ka]

[0443] During the ceremony, R 91 and R 92 are the same or different and represent H, halogen, linear alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms, linear alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 15 C atoms, or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 3 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups in these groups are not directly linked to O atoms, [ka] each independently being replaced by -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; L 91 and L 92 each independently represent F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, L 93 and L 94 each independently represent H, F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, Y 91 represents H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2 or CH3, preferably H or CH3, and n is 0 or 1.

[0444] n is 0, Y represents H or CH3, more preferably H, and L 91 and L 92 Preference is given to an LC medium comprising a compound of the formula IX, in which represents F.

[0445] Highly preferred compounds of formula IX are selected from compounds of formulae IX-1 to IX-35:

[0446] [ka]

[0447] [ka]

[0448] [ka]

[0449] [ka]

[0450] [ka]

[0451] [ka]

[0452] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the medium comprises one or more compounds of formula X.

[0453] [ka]

[0454] During the ceremony, [ka] represents [ka] represents R X represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, provided that one or more CH groups in these groups are connected in such a way that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other, [ka] -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, each independently of the other, in which one or more H atoms may additionally be replaced by halogen, preferably by F; X X represents F, Cl, CN, SF5, SCN, NCS, a halogenated alkyl group or a halogenated alkoxy group each having 1 to 6 C atoms, or a halogenated alkenyl group or a halogenated alkenyloxy group each having 2 to 6 C atoms, Z X represents -C2H4-, -CH2O-, CF2O, -CH=CH- or a single bond, and X X represents H or F.

[0455] In the compound of formula X, R Xpreferably denotes alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, which group is preferably linear.

[0456] In the compound of formula X, X is preferably F, Cl, or a mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy group having 1, 2 or 3 C atoms or a mono- or polyfluorinated alkenyl group having 2 or 3 C atoms. X is more preferably F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, OCF3, OCHF2, OCFHCF3, OCFHCHF2, OCFHCHF2, OCF2CH3, OCF2CHF2, OCF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CHF2, OCFHCF2CF3, OCFHCF2CHF2, OCF2CF2CF3, OCF2CF2CClF2, OCClFCF2CF3, OCH=CF2 or CH=CF2, very preferably F or OCF3, further CF3, OCF=CF2, OCHF2 or OCH=CF2, very particularly preferably F, OCF3 or CF3, most preferably F.

[0457] Preferred compounds of formula X are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0458] [ka]

[0459] In the formula, R X has one of the meanings given for the formula X and preferably denotes straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms (wherein the CH groups may be replaced by cyclopropane-1,2-diyl or cyclopentane-1,2-diyl), very preferably ethyl, propyl or butyl, or straight-chain alkenyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, very preferably vinyl or 1-propenyl, most preferably vinyl, and X X has one of the meanings given in formula X and preferably denotes F, CF3 or OCF3, very preferably F.

[0460] Highly preferred compounds of formula X are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0461] [ka]

[0462] [ka]

[0463] [ka]

[0464] [ka]

[0465] [ka]

[0466] [ka]

[0467] Preferably the LC medium comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the formulae X1-1, X1-3, X2-1 and X2-3.

[0468] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises at least one compound of the formulae Z-1 to Z-8, preferably of the formulae Z-2, Z-4 and Z-6, very preferably Z-4.

[0469] [ka]

[0470] In the formula, R Z is the R shown above 21and preferably represents alkyl having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, (O) represents O or a single bond, and alkyl represents alkyl having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0471] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds which contain a tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl unit, such as, for example, compounds of the formulae N-1 to N-5.

[0472] [ka]

[0473] R in the formula 61 and R 62 are each independently R 21 and preferably represents straight-chain alkyl, straight-chain alkoxy or straight-chain alkenyl, Z 61 and Z 62 each independently represent -C2H4-, -CH=CH-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH=CHCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH=CH-, -CHO-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2- or a single bond.

[0474] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium additionally comprises one or more indane compounds of the formula In.

[0475] [ka]

[0476] During the ceremony, R 81 , R 82 , R 83each independently represent a linear alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, Also R 82 and R 83 may also represent halogen, preferably F, [ka] represents i represents 0, 1 or 2.

[0477] Preferred compounds of formula In are compounds of formulae In-1 to In-16 shown below.

[0478] [ka]

[0479] [ka]

[0480] Compounds of formulae In-1, In-2, In-3 and In-4 are particularly preferred.

[0481] The compounds of the formula In and the subformulae In-1 to In-16 are preferably employed in the LC media according to the invention in a concentration of 5% by weight or more, in particular 5 to 30% by weight, very particularly preferably 5 to 25% by weight.

[0482] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae L-1 to L-8.

[0483] [ka]

[0484] During the ceremony, R L1 and R L2 are each independently R in the above formula IIA. 21where alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and s represents 1 or 2.

[0485] The compounds of the formulae L1 to L8 are preferably used in concentrations of 5 to 15% by weight, in particular 5 to 12% by weight, very particularly preferably 8 to 10% by weight.

[0486] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae IIA-Y.

[0487] [ka]

[0488] R in the formula 11 and R 12 is R in the above formula IIA 21 has one of the meanings given to L 1 and L 2 are the same or different and represent F or Cl.

[0489] Preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0490] [ka]

[0491] [ka]

[0492] In the formula, Alkyl and Alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, Alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms, Alkenyl and Alkenyl * each independently represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond.* preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0493] Particularly preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following subformulae:

[0494] [ka]

[0495] In the formula, Alkoxy and Alkoxy * has the meaning defined above and preferably denotes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, n-butyloxy or n-pentyloxy.

[0496] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium additionally comprises one or more quaterphenyl compounds selected from the following formulae:

[0497] [ka]

[0498] During the ceremony, R Q is alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or alkoxyalkyl having 1 to 9 C atoms or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9 C atoms, all of which groups may be fluorinated, X Q is F, Cl, a halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms or a halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 6 C atoms, L Q1 ~L Q6 are each independently H or F, with the proviso that L Q1 ~L Q6At least one of is F.

[0499] Preferred compounds of formula Q are Q is linear alkyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.

[0500] Preferred compounds of formula Q are Q3 and L Q4 is F.

[0501] Further preferred compounds of formula Q are Q3 , L Q4 and L Q1 and L Q2 One or two of these are F.

[0502] Preferred compounds of formula Q are X Q represents F or OCF3, very preferably F.

[0503] The compounds of formula Q are preferably selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0504] [ka]

[0505] In the formula, R Q has one of the meanings of formula Q or one of the preferred meanings given above and below, and is preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.

[0506] Especially R Q Particularly preferred are compounds of formula Q1 wherein is n-propyl.

[0507] Preferably the proportion of compounds of formula Q in the LC medium is from >0 to 5% by weight, very preferably from 0.05 to 2% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, most preferably from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight.

[0508] Preferably the LC medium comprises 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2, compounds of formula Q.

[0509] Adding a quaterphenyl compound of formula Q to the LC mixture of a polymerizable LC medium can reduce ODF unevenness while maintaining high UV absorption, enabling rapid and complete polymerization, strong and rapid tilt angle generation, and increasing the UV stability of the LC medium.

[0510] In addition, the compound of formula Q with positive dielectric anisotropy can be added to an LC medium with negative dielectric anisotropy to increase the dielectric constant ε ∥ and ε ⊥ In particular, the dielectric constant ε can be controlled by keeping the dielectric anisotropy Δε constant. ∥ It is possible to achieve high values ​​of ρ, thereby reducing kickback voltage and image sticking.

[0511] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the following formulae:

[0512] [ka]

[0513] During the ceremony, R Q is alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or alkoxyalkyl having 1 to 9 C atoms or alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 9 C atoms, all of which are linear, branched or cyclic and optionally fluorinated, L Q1 ~L Q4 are each independently H or F, with the proviso that L Q1 ~L Q6 at least one of is F, X Q is F, Cl, a halogenated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms or a halogenated alkenyl or alkenyloxy having 2 to 6 C atoms, and the naphthalene group has 2 to 7, preferably 1 or 2 groups L Q1 or X Q may be substituted with

[0514] Preferred compounds of formula QP are R Q denotes straight-chain alkyl having 2 to 6 C atoms, very preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.

[0515] Compounds of formula QP are preferably selected from formula QP1.

[0516] [ka]

[0517] In the formula, R Q has one of the meanings of formula Q or one of the preferred meanings given above and below, and is preferably ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl.

[0518] The total concentration of compounds of formula II or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 5 to 75% by weight.

[0519] The total concentration of compounds of formula IIA or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably between 10 and 60% by weight.

[0520] The total concentration of compounds of formula IIB or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 10 to 50% by weight.

[0521] The total concentration of compounds of formula IIC or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 20% by weight.

[0522] The total concentration of compounds of formula IID or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 30% by weight.

[0523] The total concentration of compounds of formula IIE or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 20% by weight.

[0524] The total concentration of compounds of formula III or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 25% by weight.

[0525] The total concentration of compounds of formula IIIA or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0526] The total concentration of compounds of formula IIIA or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0527] The total concentration of compounds of formula BC or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 20% by weight.

[0528] The total concentration of compounds of formula PH-1 or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0529] The total concentration of compounds of formula PH-2 or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0530] The total concentration of compounds of formula CR or any of its subformulas in the LC medium is preferably between 2 and 15% by weight.

[0531] The total concentration of compounds of formula IV in the LC medium is preferably 5 to 70% by weight.

[0532] The total concentration of compounds of formula IVa or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 20% by weight.

[0533] The total concentration of compounds of the formulae IVb-1 to IVb-4 or their subformulae in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0534] The total concentration of compounds of formula V or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 30% by weight.

[0535] The total concentration of compounds of formula CL or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably between 2 and 20% by weight.

[0536] The total concentration of compounds of the formulae VIa-1 to VIa-15 or their subformulae in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 30% by weight.

[0537] The total concentration of compounds of the formulae VII-1 to VII-9 or their subformulae in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0538] The total concentration of compounds of formula VIII or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably between 2 and 20% by weight.

[0539] The total concentration of compounds of the formulae IX-1 to IX-35 or their subformulae in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0540] The total concentration of compounds of formula X or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 10% by weight.

[0541] The total concentration of compounds of the formulae Z-1 to Z-8 or their subformulae in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0542] The total concentration of compounds of the formulae N-1 to N-5 or their subformulae in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0543] The total concentration of compounds of formula In or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 10% by weight.

[0544] The total concentration of compounds of formula IIA-Y or any subformula thereof in the LC medium is preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0545] The LC medium according to the invention preferably comprises:

[0546] one or more compounds of formula I or any of its sub-formulae, preferably selected from sub-formulae I-1 to I-28, very preferably from sub-formulae I-1 or I-2, more preferably from sub-formulae I1 to I32, most preferably from sub-formulae I1 or I2, preferably in a total concentration of 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 0.7% by weight,

[0547] and / or a total concentration of one or more compounds of formula IA or sub-formulas thereof, preferably selected from formulae IA-1 to IA-10, very preferably of formula IA1, preferably from 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, very preferably from 0.2 to 0.7% by weight,

[0548] and / or one or more compounds of the formulae IB-D-1 and IB-D-2, preferably selected from the formulae IBD1 to IBD23, very preferably of the formulae IBD1, IBD4, IBD6 or IBD23, preferably in a total concentration of 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 0.7% by weight,

[0549] and / or one or more compounds of formula IB-T, preferably selected from the formulae IB-T-1 to IB-T-6, very preferably from the formulae IBT1 to IBT53, preferably in a total concentration of 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 0.7% by weight,

[0550] and / or one or more compounds of the formulae IC-1 to IC-6, preferably selected from the formulae IC1 to IC46, very preferably of the formula IC45, preferably in a total concentration of 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 0.7% by weight,

[0551] and / or one or more SA additives, preferably selected from formulae SA-1 to SA-48, more preferably from formulae SA-20 to SA-34 and SA-44, very preferably of formula SA-23 or SA-32, in a total concentration of preferably 0.1 to 5 wt. %, very preferably 0.2 to 3 wt. %, most preferably 0.2 to 1.5 wt. %,

[0552] and / or one or more compounds of formula IV, preferably of formula IV-3, preferably in a total concentration of 10% to 65% by weight, more preferably 15% to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 20% to 55% by weight,

[0553] and / or one or more compounds of formula III, preferably of formula III-1, very preferably of formula III-1-1, preferably in a total concentration ranging from 2% to 25% by weight, very preferably from 4% to 15% by weight,

[0554] and / or one or more compounds of formula III-6, preferably of formula III-6-2, preferably in a total concentration ranging from 2% to 25% by weight, very preferably from 4% to 15% by weight,

[0555] and / or one or more compounds of the formulae IID-1 and / or IID-4, preferably in a total concentration ranging from 1% to 35% by weight, very preferably from 5% to 30% by weight,

[0556] and / or one or more compounds of formula IIC, preferably of formula IIC-1, preferably at a total concentration in the range of 0.1% to 10% by weight, very preferably 0.5% to 6% by weight,

[0557] and / or one or more compounds selected from the formulae IV-3-1 to IV-3-6, preferably of the formula IV-3, preferably in a total concentration of 10 to 65% by weight, more preferably 12 to 50% by weight, and one or more compounds of the formula IIC-1, preferably in a total concentration of 2 to 10% by weight, preferably the mixture being free of any other compounds of the formula VI-3,

[0558] and / or one or more compounds of formula IV, preferably of formula IV-3, more preferably of formula IV-3-2 and / or formula IV-3-7, preferably in a total concentration of 10 to 65% by weight, more preferably of 12 to 50% by weight, one or more compounds of formula IIC-1, preferably in a total concentration of 0.5 to 10% by weight, very preferably of 1 to 6% by weight, one or more compounds of formula III, preferably of formula III-1, more preferably selected from formula III-1-1, preferably in a total concentration of 2 to 25% by weight, very preferably of 4 to 15% by weight,

[0559] and / or one or more compounds of formula IA or sub-formulas thereof, preferably selected from formulae IA-1 to IA-10, very preferably of formula IA1, preferably in a total concentration of 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight and very preferably 0.2 to 0.7% by weight, one or more SA additives, preferably selected from formulae SA-1 to SA-48, more preferably selected from formulae SA-20 to SA-34 and SA-44, very preferably of formula SA-23 or SA-32, preferably in a total concentration of 0.1 to 5% by weight, very preferably 0.2 to 3% by weight and most preferably 0.2 to 1.5% by weight,

[0560] one or more compounds of formula IBD, preferably of formula IBD1 and / or IBD4 and / or IBD6, preferably in a total concentration of 0.05 to 1.0% by weight, very preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, one or more compounds IV, preferably of formula IV-3, more preferably of formula IV-3-2 and / or of formula IV-3-7, preferably in a total concentration of 10 to 65% by weight, more preferably 12 to 50% by weight, one or more compounds of formula IIC-1, preferably in a total concentration of 0.5 to 10% by weight, very preferably 1 to 6% by weight, and one or more compounds of formula III, preferably of formula III-1, more preferably selected from formula III-1-1, preferably in a total concentration of 2 to 25% by weight, very preferably 4 to 15% by weight. Includes.

[0561] In particular the LC medium is preferably

[0562] one or more compounds CY-n-Om, in particular CY-3-O4, CY-5-O4 and / or CY-3-O2, preferably in a total concentration ranging from 5% to 30% by weight, preferably from 10% to 20% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole,

[0563] and / or one or more compounds PY-n-Om, in particular PY-1-O2, PY-2-O2 and / or PY-3-O2, preferably in a total concentration ranging from 5% to 40% by weight, preferably from 10% to 30% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole,

[0564] and / or one or more compounds CPY-n-Om, in particular CPY-2-O2, CPY-3-O2 and / or CPY-5-O2, preferably in a concentration of more than 5% by weight, in particular 7% to 20% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole,

[0565] and / or one or more compounds CCY-n-Om, in particular CCY-4-O2, CCY-3-O2, CCY-3-O3, CCY-3-O1 and / or CCY-5-O2, preferably in a concentration of more than 3% by weight, in particular 5 to 15% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole,

[0566] and / or one or more compounds CPY-n-Om and CY-n-Om, preferably in a concentration of 10 to 80% by weight, based on the total mixture,

[0567] and / or one or more compounds CPY-n-Om and PY-n-Om, preferably CPY-2-O2 and / or CPY-3-O2 and PY-3-O2 or PY-1-O2, preferably in a concentration of 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 10 to 15% by weight, based on the total mixture,

[0568] and / or one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CCH-13, CCH-23, CCH-34, CCH-35, CCH-301 and CCH-303, preferably in a total concentration of 3 to 40% by weight, preferably 3 to 25% by weight, based on the total mixture,

[0569] and / or one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CC-2-V1, CC-3-V1, CC-3-V2, CC-4-V1, CC-3-2V1, CC-3-V, CC-4-V, CC-5-V, CC-VV, CC-V-V1, CC-1V-V1 and CC-2V-V2, preferably in a total concentration of 3 to 40% by weight, more preferably 5 to 30% by weight, based on the entire mixture,

[0570] and / or one or more compounds CC-3-, preferably in a total concentration of at least 10% by weight, very preferably at least 15% by weight, most preferably between 20% and 40% by weight, based on the mixture as a whole,

[0571] and / or one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of one or more CCP-nm and / or CCP-Vn-m and / or CPP-nm, preferably CCP-3-1, CCP-V-1, CCP-V2-1 and CPP-3-2, preferably in a total concentration of 4 to 35% by weight, preferably 5 to 25% by weight, based on the total mixture,

[0572] and / or one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of one or more CLP-nm and / or CLP-Vn-m, preferably CLP-3-1, CLP-3-2 and CLP-V-1, preferably in a total concentration of 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 15% by weight, based on the total mixture,

[0573] and / or one or more compounds PGP-nm, preferably selected from the group consisting of PGP-2-3, PGP-2-4, PGP-2-5, PGP-3-5, preferably in a total concentration of 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, most preferably 2 to 10% by weight, based on the total mixture,

[0574] and / or one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of PYP-nm, PGIY-n-Om and PGP-n-2V, preferably selected from the group consisting of PGP-1-2V, PGP-2-2V and PGP-3-2V, preferably in a total concentration of 2 to 20% by weight, more preferably 2 to 15% by weight, most preferably 2 to 10% by weight, based on the total mixture;

[0575] and / or one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of one or more PP-nm and / or PP-n-nVm, preferably PP-1-3, PP-1-4, PP-1-5, PP-1-2V and PP-1-2V1, preferably in a total concentration of 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight, based on the total mixture,

[0576] and / or the compound CCG-VF, preferably in a concentration of 0.5% to 10% by weight, based on the total mixture,

[0577] and / or the compound PPGU-3-F, preferably in a concentration of 0.1% to 3% by weight, based on the total mixture; include.

[0578] Advantageously, the LC media according to the invention have a nematic phase preferably between -20°C and 70°C, particularly preferably between -30°C and 80°C, very particularly preferably between -40°C and 90°C.

[0579] The LC media according to the invention preferably have a clearing temperature of 70°C or higher, preferably 74°C or higher.

[0580] The expression "having a nematic phase" as used herein means, on the one hand, that neither a smectic phase nor crystallization is observed at the corresponding low temperature, and, on the other hand, that clearing does not occur upon heating from the nematic phase. Low-temperature studies are carried out in a flow viscometer at the corresponding temperature and confirmed by storage for at least 100 hours in test cells with layer thicknesses corresponding to electro-optical applications. An LC medium is considered stable at this temperature if the storage stability of the corresponding test cells at -20°C is 1000 hours or more. At temperatures of -30°C and -40°C, the corresponding times are 500 hours and 250 hours, respectively. At higher temperatures, the clearing point is measured in capillaries by conventional methods.

[0581] The LC mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 60 K and a maximum of 30 mm 2 ·s -1 Flow viscosity ν 20 It has.

[0582] The mixture is nematic at temperatures below -20°C, preferably below -30°C, and very preferably below -40°C.

[0583] The birefringence value Δn of the LC mixture is generally between 0.08 and 0.17, preferably between 0.09 and 0.165, very preferably between 0.10 and 0.16. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium has a birefringence in the range of 0.11 to 0.155.

[0584] The LC mixtures according to the invention have a dielectric anisotropy Δε of from −1.5 to −8.0, preferably from −2.0 to −5.0, in particular from −2.5 to −4.8.

[0585] The rotational viscosity γ1 at 20°C is preferably 200 mPa·s or less, more preferably 180 mPa·s or less, very preferably 125 mPa·s or less, and most preferably 115 mPa·s or less. In another preferred embodiment, the rotational viscosity γ1 at 20°C is 110 mPa·s or less, in particular 105 mPa·s or less.

[0586] The LC media according to the invention have relatively low values ​​of the threshold voltage (V0): they are preferably in the range from 1.7 V to 3.0 V, particularly preferably ≦2.7 V, very particularly preferably ≦2.5 V.

[0587] For the present invention, the term "threshold voltage" relates to the capacitive threshold (V0), also called the Freederickss threshold, unless otherwise specified.

[0588] In addition, the LC media according to the invention have high values ​​for the voltage holding ratio in the LC cell.

[0589] Generally, LC media with low addressing or threshold voltages exhibit lower voltage holding ratios than those with high addressing or threshold voltages, and vice versa.

[0590] In the present invention, the term "dielectrically positive compound" refers to a compound with Δε > 1.5, the term "dielectrically neutral compound" refers to one with -1.5 ≦ Δε ≦ 1.5, and the term "dielectrically negative compound" refers to one with Δε < -1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of a compound is determined herein by dissolving 10% of the compound in an LC host and measuring the capacitance of the resulting mixture in at least one test cell with a layer thickness of 20 μm in each case and with homeotropic and homogeneous surface alignment at 1 kHz. The measurement voltage is typically between 0.5 V and 1.0 V, but is always below the capacitance threshold of each LC mixture under consideration.

[0591] All temperature values ​​given for this invention are in °C.

[0592] The LC media according to the invention are suitable for all VA-TFT (vertical alignment-thin film transistor) applications, such as, for example, VAN (vertically aligned nematic), MVA (multidomain VA), (S)-PVA (super patterned VA), ASV (advanced super view or axially symmetric VA), PSA (polymer sustained VA) and PS-VA (polymer stabilized VA). They are furthermore suitable for IPS (in-plane switching) and FFS (fringe field switching) applications with negative Δε.

[0593] The nematic LC medium in the displays according to the invention generally comprises two components A and B which themselves consist of one or more individual compounds.

[0594] Component A has a significantly negative dielectric anisotropy, giving the nematic phase a dielectric anisotropy of less than or equal to -0.5. It preferably comprises one or more compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID, and further one or more compounds of formula III

[0595] The proportion of component A is preferably between 45 and 100%, in particular between 60 and 85%.

[0596] For component A, one (or more) individual compounds are preferably selected that have a Δε value of less than or equal to −1.5, this value having to be more negative the smaller the proportion of component A in the overall mixture.

[0597] Component B has pronounced nematogenicity and 30 mm 2 ·s -1 Less than 25mm, preferably 2 ·s -1 It has the following flow viscosity:

[0598] Many suitable materials are known to those skilled in the art from the literature. Compounds of formula IV are particularly preferred.

[0599] Particularly preferred individual compounds in component B have a viscosity of 18 mmHg at 20°C. 2 ·s -1 Less than 12mm, preferably 2 ·s -1 It is a very low viscosity nematic liquid crystal having the following flow viscosity:

[0600] Component B is unidirectionally or enantiomerically nematic, has no smectic phase, and is capable of preventing the occurrence of smectic phases in LC media down to very low temperatures. For example, when various highly nematogenic materials are added to a smectic LC mixture, the nematogenicity of these materials can be compared through the degree of smectic phase suppression achieved.

[0601] The mixture may also contain a component C which comprises compounds having a dielectric anisotropy of Δε≧1.5. These so-called positive compounds are generally present in mixtures of negative dielectric anisotropy in amounts of up to 20% by weight, based on the total mixture.

[0602] Besides the polymerizable compound and the compound of the formulae L1 and / or L2, the LC medium preferably comprises 4 to 15, in particular 5 to 12, particularly preferably less than 10, compounds of the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID and one or more compounds of the formula IV.

[0603] In addition to the polymerizable compounds and the compounds of the formulae L1 and / or L2 and the compounds of the formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID and IV, other components may also be present, for example in amounts of up to 45%, preferably up to 35%, in particular up to 10% of the total mixture.

[0604] The other components are preferably selected from nematic or nematogenic substances, in particular known substances, from the classes of azoxybenzene, benzylideneaniline, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl or cyclohexylbenzoate, phenyl or cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylate, phenylcyclohexane, cyclohexylbiphenyl, cyclohexylcyclohexane, cyclohexylnaphthalene, 1,4-biscyclohexylbiphenyl or cyclohexylpyrimidine, phenyl or cyclohexyldioxane, optionally halogenated stilbenes, benzyl phenyl ethers, tolanes and substituted cinnamic acid esters.

[0605] The most important compounds suitable as components of this type of LC phase can be characterized by the formula R:

[0606] [ka]

[0607] wherein L and E each represent a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring system from the group formed by 1,4-disubstituted benzene and cyclohexane rings, 4,4'-disubstituted biphenyl, phenylcyclohexane and cyclohexylcyclohexane systems, 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine and 1,3-dioxane rings, 2,6-disubstituted naphthalene, di- and tetrahydronaphthalene, quinazoline and tetrahydroquinazoline, G is -CH=CH-, -N(O)=N-, -CH=CQ-, -CH=N(O)-, -C≡C-, -CH2-CH2-, -CO-O-, -CH2-O-, -CO-S-, -C Represents H2-S-, -CH=N-, -COO-Phe-COO-, -CF2O-, -CF=CF-, -OCF2-, -OCH2-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, or a CC single bond, Q represents a halogen, preferably chlorine, or represents -CN, and R R1 and R R2 represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy, each having up to 18, preferably up to 8, carbon atoms, or one of these groups represents CN, NC, NO, NCS, CF, SF, OCF, F, Cl or Br.

[0608] In most of these compounds, R R1 and R R2 are different from each other, and one of these groups is usually an alkyl or alkoxy group. Other variations of the proposed substituents are also common. Many such substances or mixtures thereof are commercially available. All of these substances can be prepared by methods known from the literature.

[0609] It will be clear to those skilled in the art that the VA, IPS or FFS mixtures according to the invention may also comprise compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl and F are replaced by the corresponding isotopes.

[0610] The LC medium preferably has a nematic LC phase.

[0611] In a preferred embodiment the LC medium further comprises one or more, very preferably two or more polymerizable compounds preferably selected from polymerizable mesogenic compounds, also known as "reactive mesogens" or RMs, very preferably of formula M as defined above.

[0612] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium does not comprise any further polymerisable compounds or reactive mesogens other than those of formula I.

[0613] In the polymerizable compounds, the polymerizable group P is a group suitable for polymerization reactions, such as, for example, free-radical or ionic chain polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation, or for polymer-analogous reactions, such as, for example, addition or condensation onto a polymer backbone. Groups for chain polymerization, especially those containing a C=C double bond or a C≡C triple bond, and groups suitable for ring-opening polymerization, such as, for example, oxetane or epoxide groups, are particularly preferred.

[0614] The preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, [ka] CH2=CW 2 -(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH3-CH=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, HO-CW 2 W 3 -, HS-CW 2 W 3 -, HW 2 N-, HO-CW 2 W 3 -NH-, CH2=CW 1-CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH-, HOOC-, OCN- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Si—, wherein W 1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, and W 2 and W 3 each independently of one another denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W 4 , W 5 and W 6 each independently represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, W 7 and W 8 each independently represent H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms; Phe represents 1,4-phenylene which may be substituted by one or more groups L as defined above other than P-Sp-; k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0615] A highly preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, [ka] CH2=CW 2 -O-, CH2=CW 2 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1-CO-NH-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Si—, wherein W 1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, and W 2 and W 3 each independently of one another denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W 4 , W 5 and W 6 each independently represents Cl, oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, W 7 and W 8 each independently represent H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms; Phe represents 1,4-phenylene; k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer of 1 to 10.

[0616] Very particularly preferred groups P are CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, in particular CH2=CH-CO-O-, CH2=C(CH3)-CO-O- and CH2=CF-CO-O-, further CH2=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-CO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, [ka] is selected from the group consisting of:

[0617] More preferably, the polymerizable group P is selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide groups, most preferably from acrylate and methacrylate.

[0618] Very preferably, all polymerizable groups in the polymerizable compound have the same meaning.

[0619] When the spacer group Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably of the formula Sp"-X" such that each group P-Sp- corresponds to the formula R-Sp"-X"-, with the proviso that:

[0620] Sp" represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, C atoms, which may be mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, provided that in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH groups are each independently -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(R 0 )-, -Si(R 0 R 00 )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R 00 )-CO-O-, -O-CO-N(R 0 )-, -N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 )-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, “X” is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N(R 0 )-, -N(R 0 )-CO-, -N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 )-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR 0 -, -CY 2 =CY3 represents -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH- or a single bond; R 0 and R 00 each independently represent H or alkyl having 1 to 20 C atoms, Y 2 and Y 3 each independently represents H, F, Cl or CN.

[0621] X" is preferably -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, or -CO-NR 0 -, -NR 0 -CO-, -NR 0 -CO-NR 00 - or a single bond.

[0622] Exemplary spacer groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- include, for example, -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, -(CH2CH2O) q1 -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2- or -(SiR 0 R 00 -O) p1 In the formula, p1 is an integer of 1 to 12, q1 is an integer of 1 to 3, and R 0 and R 00 has the meaning given above.

[0623] Particularly preferred spacer groups Sp and -Sp"-X"- are -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, wherein p1 and q1 have the meanings given above.

[0624] Particularly preferred radicals Sp" are, in each case linear, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene.

[0625] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymerizable compound has the group Sp-P as Sp(P) s (where s is 2 or more) and contains a spacer group Sp (branched polymerizable group) substituted with one or more polymerizable groups P so as to correspond to the above.

[0626] Preferred polymerizable compounds according to this preferred embodiment are those in which s is 2, i.e. compounds containing the group Sp(P)2. Highly preferred polymerizable compounds according to this preferred embodiment contain a group selected from the following formulae:

[0627] [ka]

[0628] wherein P is as defined in formula M; alkyl represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms, which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl or CN, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH groups are each independently connected to one another in such a way that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to one another, -C(R 0 )=C(R 0 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O-, provided that R 0 has the meaning given above, aa and bb each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; X has one of the meanings given under X″ and is preferably O, CO, SO2, O—CO—, CO—O or a single bond.

[0629] Preferred spacer groups Sp(P)2 are selected from formulae S1, S2 and S3.

[0630] Highly preferred spacer groups Sp(P)2 are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0631] [ka]

[0632] In the compounds of formula P and subformulas thereof as described above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably acrylate and methacrylate.

[0633] More preferably, all polymerizable groups P present in the compound have the same meaning, very preferably denoting acrylate or methacrylate, most preferably methacrylate.

[0634] Sp is a single bond or -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 wherein p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 2 or 3, p2 and p3 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 In the case of , an O atom or a CO group is respectively connected to the benzene ring.

[0635] More preferably, at least one group Sp is a single bond.

[0636] More preferably, at least one group Sp is different from a single bond, preferably -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 wherein p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 2 or 3, p2 and p3 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -, -O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 In the case of , an O atom or a CO group is respectively connected to the benzene ring.

[0637] Highly preferably, Sp is different from a single bond and is selected from (CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2 and -CO-O-(CH)2-, where the O atom or CO group is linked to the benzene ring.

[0638] Preferably the LC medium comprises in addition to the compound of formula I one or more polymerisable compounds which are different to formula I and which are preferably selected from formula M.

[0639] [ka]

[0640] In the formula, the individual substituents each independently of one another have the following meanings, identically or differently at each occurrence: P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group or a single bond, provided that L a may be substituted with R a , R bis P, P-Sp-, H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, SF5 or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that in addition one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are present in -C(R) such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other; 0 )=C(R 00 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 00 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, each independently of the other, provided that in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN, P or P-Sp-, provided that B 1 and / or B. 2 If contains saturated C atoms, R a and / or R b may also represent a group spiro-linked to this saturated C atom, However, the group R a and R b at least one of which represents or contains the group P or P-Sp-, B 1 , B 2 is preferably an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group having 4 to 25 ring atoms, which may also contain fused rings, and which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L; Z m is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -(CH2) n1 -, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -(CF2) n1 -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -CH2CH2-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH2-CH2-, -CR 0 R 00 - or a single bond, R 0 , R 00is H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; n1 is 1, 2, 3 or 4; L is P, P-Sp-, OH, CH2OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R x )2, -C(=O)Y 1 , -C(=O)R x , -N(R x ) 2, optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms or linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-, Y 1 is a halogen, R x is P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (provided that in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to one another, and in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-), an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 40 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 C atoms.

[0641] Preferred compounds of formula M are B 1 and B 2In each case, independently of one another, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, anthracene-2,7-diyl, fluorene-2,7-diyl, coumarin, flavone (in addition, one or more CH groups in these groups may be replaced by N), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by O and / or S), 1,4-cyclohexenylene, bicyclo[1 and is selected from the group consisting of: bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, indan-2,5-diyl or octahydro-4,7-methanoindan-2,5-diyl, all of which groups may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L as defined above.

[0642] Particularly preferred compounds of formula M are B 1 and B 2 in each case independently of one another denote 1,4-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl.

[0643] Further preferred compounds of formula M are those in which the group -B 1 -(Z m -B 2 ) m is selected from the following formulas:

[0644] [ka]

[0645] wherein at least one benzene ring is substituted with at least one group L, and the benzene ring may be further substituted with one or more groups L or P-Sp-.

[0646] Preferred compounds of formula M and its sub-formulas are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof.

[0647] All groups P in the compound have the same meaning.

[0648] -B 1 -(Z m -B 2 ) m is selected from formulae A1, A2 and A5.

[0649] The compound contains exactly two polymerizable groups (represented by the group P).

[0650] The compound contains exactly three polymerizable groups (represented by groups P).

[0651] ·P is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates and oxetanes, and is very preferably an acrylate or methacrylate.

[0652] ·P is a methacrylate.

[0653] All groups Sp are single bonds.

[0654] At least one group Sp is a single bond and at least one group Sp is different from a single bond.

[0655] If Sp is different from a single bond, -(CH2) p2 -, -(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p2 -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or CO group is respectively attached to the benzene ring.

[0656] Sp is a single bond or -(CH2) p2 -, -(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2)p2 represents -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or CO group is respectively attached to the benzene ring.

[0657] ·R stands for P-Sp-.

[0658] R does not represent or contain a polymerizable group.

[0659] R does not represent or contain a polymerizable group and represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked, respectively, and provided that one or more H atoms are each replaced by F, Cl or L a may be replaced by

[0660] L or L' represents F, Cl or CN.

[0661] ·L is F.

[0662] Highly preferred compounds of formula M are selected from the following formulae:

[0663] [ka]

[0664] [ka]

[0665] [ka]

[0666] [ka]

[0667] [ka]

[0668] [ka]

[0669] In the formulae, the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have the following meanings independently of one another: P 1 , P 2 , P 3 is a polymerizable group, preferably selected from vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxy, very preferably acrylate or methacrylate, Sp 1 , Sp 2 , Sp 3 is a single bond or a spacer group, provided that in addition there is one or more groups P 1 -Sp 1 -, P 2 -Sp 2 - and P 3 -Sp 3 - is R M may represent, provided that any group P 1 -Sp 1 -, P 2 -Sp 2 - and P 3 -Sp 3 -At least one of the items must be R M and preferably has one of the preferred meanings of Sp as given above, very preferably -(CH) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O- or -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, wherein p1 is an integer of 1 to 12; R Mis H, F, Cl, CN or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (provided that in addition one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be present, in each case independently of one another, such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to one another) -C(R 0 )=C(R 00 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, provided that in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or P 1 -Sp 1 -), particularly preferably linear or branched, mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, with the proviso that alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least 2 C atoms and branched groups have at least 3 C atoms, with the proviso that R aa is a base P 1 , P 2 or P 3 does not imply or include R 0 , R 00 is H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R y and R z is H, F, CH3 or CF3, X 1 , X 2 , X 3 is -CO-O-, -O-CO- or a single bond, Z M1 -O-, -CO-, -C(R y R z )- or -CF2CF2-, Z M2 , Z M3 is -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2- or -(CH2) n where n is 2, 3 or 4; L is F, Cl, CN or linear or branched, optionally monofluorinated or polyfluorinated, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, L', L" are H, F or Cl; k is 0 or 1, r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; s is 0, 1, 2 or 3; t is 0, 1, or 2; x is 0 or 1.

[0670] Compounds of formula M2, M13 and M32, in particular those containing only two polymerizable groups P 1 and P 2 Highly preferred are bireactive compounds comprising:

[0671] Compounds selected from the formulae M17 to M31, in particular from the formulae M20, M22, M26, M29 and M31, in particular compounds having only three polymerizable groups P 1 , P 2 and P 3 Further preferred are trireactive compounds comprising:

[0672] In the compounds of formulae M1 to M32, [ka]

[0673] in which L, identically or differently, has one of the meanings given above and below in each occurrence, preferably F, Cl, CN, NO, CH, C, H, C(CH), CH(CH), CH, CH(CH)C, H, CH=CH, C(CH)=CH, SCH, OCH, OC, H, COCH, COC, H, COOCH, COOC, H, CF, OCF, OCHF, OC, F or P-Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH, C, H, CH=CH, C(CH)=CH, SCH, OCH, COCH, OCF or P-Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH, CH=CH, C(CH)=CH, SCH, OCH, COCH or OCF 3、 Most preferred is F, SCH3 or OCH3.

[0674] Preferred compounds of formulae M1 to M32 are P 1 , P 2 and P 3 represents an acrylate, methacrylate, oxetane or epoxy group, very preferably an acrylate or methacrylate group, most preferably a methacrylate group.

[0675] Further preferred compounds of formulae M1 to M32 are Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 is a single bond.

[0676] Further preferred compounds of formulae M1 to M32 are Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 One of them represents a single bond, and Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 The other one is different from a single bond.

[0677] Further preferred compounds of the formulae M1 to M32 are those which contain a group Sp different from a single bond 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 -(CH2) s1represents -X"-, where s1 is an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 2, 3, 4, or 5, and X" is a bond to the adjacent benzene ring and is -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, or a single bond.

[0678] Further preferred polymerizable compounds are selected from Table E below, in particular those of formula RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-104, RM-105, RM-106, RM-107, RM-108, RM-109, RM-110, RM-111, RM-112, RM-113, RM-114, RM-115, RM-116, RM-117, RM-118, RM 3, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170 and RM-171 to RM-183.

[0679] Particularly preferred are LC media which comprise two or more polymerisable compounds of the formula M.

[0680] Further preference is given to LC media comprising two or more direactive polymerisable compounds of formula M, preferably selected from formulae M1 to M16 and M32, very preferably selected from formulae M2, M13 and M32.

[0681] Further preference is given to an LC medium comprising one or more direactive polymerizable compounds of formula M, preferably selected from the formulae M1 to M16 and M32, very preferably from the formulae M2, M13 and M32, and one or more trireactive polymerizable compounds of formula M, preferably selected from the formulae M17 to M32, very preferably from the formulae M20, M22, M26, M29 and M31.

[0682] Further preferred are LC media comprising one or more polymerizable compounds of formula M, very preferably selected from formulae M2, M13, M22, M24, M27, M29, M31 and M32, in which at least one r is not 0 or at least one of s and t is not 0, and in which L is selected from the preferred groups indicated above, most preferably from F, OCH3 and SCH3.

[0683] Further preference is given to LC media comprising one or more polymerisable compounds which are preferably selected from formula M, very preferably from formulae M1 to M32, and which exhibit absorption in the wavelength range from 320 to 380 nm.

[0684] Particular preference is given to LC media which comprise one, two or more, very preferably two or three polymerisable compounds selected from the formula M or formulae M1 to M32.

[0685] The combination of the compounds of the preferred embodiments described above with the polymeric compounds described above and below results in a consistently high clearing point and high HR value, as well as a low threshold voltage, a low rotational viscosity and very good low-temperature stability in the LC media according to the invention, making it possible to rapidly establish particularly low tilt angles (i.e. large tilts) in PSA displays. In particular, the LC media also show significantly reduced response times, especially gray-scale response times, in PSA displays compared to LC media according to the prior art.

[0686] For use in PSA displays, the total proportion of polymerizable compounds such as those of formula M or M1 to M32 in the LC medium is preferably 0.01 to 2.0%, very preferably 0.1 to 1.0%, most preferably 0.2 to 0.8%.

[0687] For use in SA-VA displays, the total proportion of polymerizable compounds such as those of formulae M or M1 to M32 in the LC medium is preferably from >0 to <3%, very preferably from >0 to <2%, more preferably from 0.05 to 2.0%, most preferably from 0.05 to 1.0%.

[0688] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises in addition to the compound of formula I one or more, preferably two or more polymerisable compounds of formula M which are different from formula I and selected from the formulae IA, IB and IC.

[0689] [ka]

[0690] In the formula, the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have the following meaning independently of one another: P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group, provided that L a may be substituted with M 1 , M 2 , M 3 are each independently a group selected from the following formulae: [ka] provided that the benzene ring may be substituted by one or more groups L or P-Sp-; L is L a , L b , F, Cl, -CN, P-Sp- or linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, and provided that one or more H atoms may be replaced by P, F or Cl, respectively; L a is -C(R aa )(R bb )OH, R aa , R bb is a straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, L b is a straight-chain or branched alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably 3 or 4 C atoms, provided that in the compound of formula IA, the group M1 and / or at least one spacer group Sp is L a is at least monosubstituted with However, in the compound of formula IB, M 2 is formula 2, L is different from C2-C6-alkyl, However, in the compound of formula IC, the group M 3 L b is at least monosubstituted with

[0691] In a preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises in addition to the compound of formula I one or more polymerisable compounds of formula IB or any sub-formula thereof which differ from formula I as defined above and below.

[0692] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention the LC medium comprises in addition to the compounds of formula I one or more polymerisable compounds of formula IC or any of its sub-formulas as defined above and below.

[0693] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulae contain one or more, preferably one, group L a The spacer group Sp is substituted by

[0694] In compounds of formula IA and its subformulas, R aa and R bb preferably represents a linear alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms or a branched alkyl having 3 to 6 C atoms. More preferably, R aa and R bb each independently of one another denotes methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, very preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl.

[0695] R aa and R bb Further preferred are compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulae as described above and below, in which, together with the C atom to which they are attached, form a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 C atoms, very preferably a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl group.

[0696] Highly preferably, the compound of formula IA comprises a group L selected from the following formulae: a Includes. [ka]

[0697] wherein the asterisk represents the link to the adjacent group in the compound of formula I.

[0698] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulae contain one or more groups L a Preferred compounds of formula IA according to this preferred embodiment comprise a spacer group Sp which is linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 7 C atoms, substituted with: Preferred compounds of formula IA according to this preferred embodiment comprise a group P-Sp- which is selected from the following formulae:

[0699] [ka]

[0700] In the formula, P and L a is as defined in formula I or has one of the meanings given above and below, and cc is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 1, 2 or 3.

[0701] Preferred compounds of formula I contain one or more groups P-Sp- selected from formulae SL1, SL2 and SL3, very preferably formula SL1.

[0702] Preferably in the compound of formula IA, M 1 is selected from formula 1 or 2.

[0703] Preferred compounds of formula IA are selected from the following subformulae:

[0704] [ka]

[0705] [ka]

[0706] [ka]

[0707] wherein P, Sp and L have the meanings given in formula IA or one of the preferred meanings as given above and below, r1, r2, and r3 are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; r4 is 0, 1, 2 or 3; However, the compound is L a at least one group Sp and / or L at least monosubstituted by a It contains at least one group L representing

[0708] Highly preferred compounds of the sub-formulae IA-1 to IA-10 are those in which all radicals P are identical and represent acrylate or methacrylate, preferably methacrylate.

[0709] Further preferred compounds of the sub-formulae IA-1 to IA-10 are those in which at least one group Sp represents a single bond.

[0710] Further preferred compounds of the sub-formulae IA-1 to IA-10 are those in which one group Sp is selected from the formulae SL1 to SL4, very preferably from the formula SL1, and the other group Sp represents a single bond or, if different from a single bond, -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO- or -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, preferably from 1 to 6, and the O- or CO- group is attached to a benzene ring, very preferably the other group Sp represents a single bond.

[0711] Further preferred compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulas are selected from the following preferred embodiments, including any combination thereof: All groups P in the compound have the same meaning, M a is of formula 1 or 2, highly preferably formula 1, the compound contains only two polymerizable groups (represented by the group P), the compound contains only three polymerizable groups (represented by the group P), P is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates and oxetanes, very preferably acrylates or methacrylates, Compound L a and contains at least one, preferably only one, group Sp, preferably selected from the formulae SL1 to SL4, very preferably from the formulae SL1, SL2 and SL3, If Sp is different from a single bond, -(CH2) p2 -, -(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p2 -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and the O atom or CO group is respectively attached to the benzene ring; Sp' is selected from the group of formula SL1, L represents F, Cl, CH3, C2H5, OCH3 or OC2H5, very preferably F, L' represents F, Cl, CH3, C2H5, OCH3 or OC2H5, very preferably F, L a represents -C(CH3)2-OH, -C(C2H5)2-OH or -C(CH3)(C2H5)OH, very preferably -C(CH3)2-OH, r1, r2, r3 and r4 represent 0 or 1; r1+r2 is 0, r1+r2 is 1, r3 is 0, r4 is 0.

[0712] Highly preferred compounds of formula IA and its sub-formulas are selected from the following list:

[0713] [ka]

[0714] [ka]

[0715] [ka]

[0716] In the formula, "Me" is methyl and "Et" is ethyl.

[0717] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IB having two polymerizable groups, preferably selected from formulae IB-D:

[0718] [ka]

[0719] wherein P and Sp have the meanings given in formula IB, L is different from P-Sp- and has one of the meanings given in formula IB, r1, r2 and r3 are each independently of one another 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 0 or 1, and k is 0 or 1.

[0720] Preferred compounds of formula IB-D are selected from the following subformulae:

[0721] [ka]

[0722] wherein P and Sp, L, r1, r2 and r3 each independently have one of the meanings given in formulae IB-D or one of the preferred meanings thereof given above and below.

[0723] Compounds of formula IB-D-1 are particularly preferred.

[0724] In compounds of formula IB-D, preferably at least one of r1, r2 and r3 is not 0. P is preferably an acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably a methacrylate. Preferably, all groups P in formulae IB-D, IB-D-1 and IB-D-2 have the same meaning and very preferably represent a methacrylate. Sp" is preferably selected from -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2 and -CO-O-(CH)2-, where an O atom or a CO group is linked to the benzene ring. L is preferably selected from F, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5 and C2H5, very preferably F.

[0725] Highly preferred compounds of formula IB-D are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0726] [ka]

[0727] [ka]

[0728] [ka]

[0729] [ka]

[0730] [ka]

[0731] Highly preferred are compounds of formula IBD1, IBD4, IBD6, IBD7, IBD19, IBD21 and IBD23.

[0732] Further preferred are compounds of formulae IBD1 to IBD25 in which one or two methacrylate groups are replaced by an acrylate group.

[0733] Further preferred compounds of formula IB-D are selected from Table D below, very preferably selected from the group consisting of RM-1, RM-2, RM-3, RM-7 to RM-49 and RM-58 to RM-77, very preferably selected from the group consisting of RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-58, RM-64, RM-72 and RM-74.

[0734] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more polymerisable compounds of formula IB having three polymerisable groups, preferably selected from formula IB-T:

[0735] [ka]

[0736] wherein P, Sp, L, r1, r2 and k each independently have the meaning given in formulae IB-D or one of the preferred meanings thereof given above and below, and r4 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, preferably 0, 1 or 2, very preferably 0 or 1.

[0737] Preferred compounds of formula IB-T are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0738] [ka]

[0739] wherein P, Sp, L, r1, r2 and r4 each independently have one of the meanings given in formula IB-T or one of the preferred meanings given above and below. Preferably, at least one of r1, r2 and r4 is not 0. P is preferably an acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably a methacrylate. L is preferably selected from F, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5 and C2H5, very preferably OCH3 or F. Preferably, all groups P in formulae IB-T and IB-T-1 to IB-T-6 have the same meaning, very preferably a methacrylate.

[0740] Compounds of formula IB-T-1, IB-T-4 and IB-T-5 are particularly preferred.

[0741] Highly preferred compounds of formula IB-T are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0742] [ka]

[0743] [ka]

[0744] [ka]

[0745] [ka]

[0746] [ka]

[0747] [ka]

[0748]

change

[0749]

change

[0750]

change

[0751]

change

[0752]

change

[0753]

change

[0754]

change

[0755]

change

[0756]

change

[0757]

change

[0758] [ka]

[0759] [ka]

[0760] [ka]

[0761] [ka]

[0762] Among the compounds of formulae IBT1 to IB-T21 having two benzene rings, the compounds of formulae IBT1, IBT2, IBT3, IBT8, IBT9, IBT10, IBT15, IBT16, and IBT17 are highly preferred. The compounds of formulae IBT1, IBT2, IBT3, IBT8, IBT9, and IB10 are most preferred.

[0763] Of the compounds of formulae IBT22 to IBT53 which have three benzene rings, the compounds of formulae IBT22 to IBT46 are highly preferred, and the compounds of formulae IBT22, IBT28, IBT29, IBT35 and IBT36 are most preferred.

[0764] Further preferred are compounds of formulae IBT1 to IBT53 in which one or two methacrylate groups are replaced by an acrylate group.

[0765] Further preferred are compounds of formulae IBT1 to IBT53 in which all methacrylate groups are replaced with acrylate groups.

[0766] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium contains an alkenyl group L b The preferred compounds of formula IC according to this preferred embodiment include at least one compound of formula IC which is at least monosubstituted by: Preferred compounds of formula IC according to this preferred embodiment are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0767] [ka]

[0768] [ka]

[0769] wherein P, Sp, L, r1, r2, r3 and r4 have one of the meanings given in formulas IB-D and IB-T or the preferred meanings given above and below, and r1 + r2 + r3 + r4 ≥ 1, and the compound is L b It contains at least one group L representing

[0770] In the compounds of formulae IC-1 to IC-9, L is preferably b represents -CH=CH2, -CH2-CH=CH2, -CH=CH-CH3, -CH=CH-CH=CH2 or -C(CH3)=CH2, very preferably -CH=CH2 or C(CH3)=CH2.

[0771] In the compounds of formulae IC-1 to IC-9, P is preferably an acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably a methacrylate. If Sp is different from a single bond, it is preferably selected from -(CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2, and -CO-O-(CH)2-, where the O atom or CO group is linked to the benzene ring. L is preferably selected from F, CH3, OCH3, OC2H5, or C2H5, very preferably OCH3 or F. Preferably, all groups P in formulae IC-1 to IC-9 have the same meaning, very preferably representing methacrylate.

[0772] Highly preferred compounds of formulae IC-1 to IC-9 are selected from the following sub-formulae:

[0773] [ka]

[0774] [ka]

[0775] [ka]

[0776] [ka]

[0777] [ka]

[0778] [ka]

[0779] [ka]

[0780] [ka]

[0781] Further preferred are compounds of formulae IC1-IC46 in which one, two or all methacrylate groups are replaced with an acrylate group.

[0782] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises at least one polymerizable compound of formula IA and / or formula IB and / or formula IC, which has absorption in the range 330-390 nm. Highly preferably, these compounds have an extinction coefficient of at least 0.5 at wavelengths in the range 330-390 nm, more preferably in the range 340-380 nm, very preferably in the range 350-370 nm, and most preferably in the range 355-365 nm. Extinction coefficients and absorption wavelengths are measured in solutions of the compounds in DCM at a concentration of 3 g / L, unless otherwise stated.

[0783] The total proportion of polymerizable compounds of the formulae IA, IB, IC and their sub-formulae in the LC media according to the invention is preferably 0.05 to 3.0%, more preferably 0.1 to 1.5%, very preferably 0.1 to 0.9%.

[0784] In a first preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IA or a sub-formula thereof and one or more, preferably only one, compound of formula IB or IC or a sub-formula thereof, preferably no further polymerizable compounds.

[0785] Preferably, in the LC medium of this first preferred embodiment, the proportion of compound(s) of formula IA or a sub-formula thereof is between 0.01 and 1.0%, more preferably between 0.05 and 0.8%, very preferably between 0.1 and 0.6%, and the proportion of compound(s) of formula IB or IC or a sub-formula thereof is between 0.01 and 1.0%, more preferably between 0.02 and 0.8%, very preferably between 0.05 and 0.5%.

[0786] In a second preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IA or subformulae thereof, one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IB or subformulae thereof, and one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IC or subformulae thereof, preferably no further polymerizable compounds.

[0787] More preferably, the LC medium of this second preferred embodiment comprises one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IA or a subformula thereof, one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) of formula IB-D or IB-T or a subformula thereof, and one or more, preferably only one, compound(s) selected from the formulae IC-1 to IC-9 or a subformula thereof, preferably no further polymerizable compounds.

[0788] Preferably, in the LC medium of this second preferred embodiment, the proportion of compound(s) of formula IA or a sub-formula thereof is between 0.01 and 1.0%, more preferably between 0.05 and 0.8%, very preferably between 0.1 and 0.6%, the total proportion of compound(s) of formulae IB-D and IB-T or their sub-formulae is between 0.01 and 1.0%, more preferably between 0.05 and 0.8%, very preferably between 0.1 and 0.6% and the total proportion of compound(s) of formulae IC-1 to IC-9 or their sub-formulae is between 0.01 and 1.0%, more preferably between 0.02 and 0.8%, very preferably between 0.05 and 0.5%.

[0789] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises, in addition to the polymerizable compounds of the formulae IA, IB, IC and their sub-formulae, at least one further polymerizable compound.

[0790] Compounds of formula M and its subformulas are known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared analogously to processes described in standard textbooks of organic chemistry such as, for example, Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart.

[0791] For example, acrylic or methacrylic esters can be prepared by esterifying the corresponding alcohol with an acid derivative, such as (meth)acryloyl chloride or (meth)acrylic anhydride, in the presence of a base, such as pyridine, triethylamine, or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). Alternatively, esters can be prepared by esterifying alcohols with (meth)acrylic acid in the presence of a dehydrating reagent, for example, according to Steglich, using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), or N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP.

[0792] The invention further relates to an LC medium or an LC display as described above, in which the polymerizable compounds such as of formula M and its subformulas are present in polymerized form.

[0793] One or more initiators may be added to the LC medium. Suitable conditions for polymerization, as well as suitable types and amounts of initiators, are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. For example, commercially available photoinitiators Irgacure 651®, Irgacure 184®, Irgacure 907®, Irgacure 369®, or Darocure 1173® (Ciba) are suitable for free-radical polymerization. If an initiator is used, its proportion in the overall mixture is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.

[0794] The polymerizable compound according to the present invention is also suitable for polymerization without initiator, which has considerable advantages, such as lower material cost, especially the reduction of the contamination of LC medium due to the possible residual amount of initiator or its decomposition product.In this way, polymerization can be carried out without adding initiator.Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, LC medium does not contain polymerization initiator.

[0795] The polymerizable component of the cholesteric liquid crystal medium may also contain one or more stabilizers, for example to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerization of the RM during storage or transportation. Suitable types and amounts of stabilizers are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. Commercially available stabilizers, such as those of the Irganox® series (Ciba), are particularly suitable, such as Irganox® 1076. When a stabilizer is used, its proportion, based on the RM or polymerizable component (component A), is preferably 10 to 50,000 ppm, particularly preferably 50 to 5,000 ppm.

[0796] In a preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more chiral dopants, preferably in a concentration of 0.01 to 1% by weight, very preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. The chiral dopants are preferably selected from the group consisting of the compounds from Table C below, very preferably from the group consisting of R- or S-1011, R- or S-2011, R- or S-3011, R- or S-4011 and R- or S-5011.

[0797] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises a racemate of one or more chiral dopants, which are preferably selected from the chiral dopants mentioned in the previous paragraph.

[0798] In another preferred embodiment of the invention the LC medium comprises one or more further stabilizers.

[0799] Preferred stabilizers are selected from compounds of formula H:

[0800] [ka]

[0801] During the ceremony, Ar represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 C atoms, preferably 6 to 30 C atoms; Sp represents a spacer group; RS represents H, alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms or alkenyl having 2 to 12 C atoms; Z S are -O-, -C(O)O-, and -(CH2) z -or-(CH2) z O-, or a single bond; HA is [ka] represents; R H H, O · , CH3, OH or OR S , preferably H or O · represents; R S1 , R S2 , R S3 and R S4 are identical or different and represent alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably having 1 to 3 C atoms, very preferably CH3; G is H or R S or group Z S - represents HA; z is an integer from 1 to 6; and q is 3 or 4.

[0802] Compounds of formula H are described in EP-A-3354710 and EP-A-3354709.

[0803] Preferred compounds of formula H are selected from formulae H-1, H-2 and H-3.

[0804] [ka]

[0805] [ka]

[0806] During the ceremony, R H has the meaning given above and is preferably H or O · represents; n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7; and Sp represents a spacer group, preferably alkylene having 1 to 12 C atoms in which one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O-.

[0807] A preferred compound of formula H-1 is of formula H-1-1:

[0808] [ka]

[0809] In the formula, R H has the meaning given above, preferably H or O · and n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and most preferably 7.

[0810] Highly preferred compounds of formula H-1-1 are those of formula H-1-1-1:

[0811] [ka]

[0812] Preferred compounds of formula H-2 are those of formula H-2-1:

[0813] [ka]

[0814] In the formula, R H has the meaning given above, preferably H or O · and n2 are the same or different in each occurrence, preferably the same and are an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, very preferably 3; and RS is identical or different at each occurrence, preferably identical and represents alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably n-butyl.

[0815] Highly preferred compounds of formula H-2-1 are those of formula H-2-1-1:

[0816] [ka]

[0817] Preferred compounds of formula H-3 are selected from formula H-3-1:

[0818] [ka]

[0819] In the formula, Sp and R H has the meaning given above and R H is preferably H or O · where n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, and most preferably 7.

[0820] More preferred stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of formulae ST-1 to ST-18.

[0821] [ka]

[0822] [ka]

[0823] [ka]

[0824] [ka]

[0825] During the ceremony R ST represents H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, provided that in addition, one or more CH groups are present so that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] may be replaced independently by -O-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO-, in which one or more H atoms may additionally be replaced by halogen; [ka] may be the same or different in each occurrence, [ka] represents Z ST each independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -C2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-, -C2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond; L 1 and L 2 each independently represents F, Cl, CH3, CF3 or CHF2, p represents 0, 1 or 2; q represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

[0826] Preferred compounds of formula ST are of formula ST-3 and especially those selected from below:

[0827] [ka]

[0828] [ka]

[0829] [ka]

[0830] [ka]

[0831] In the compounds of formulae ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably represents 3. In the compounds of formula ST-2a, n preferably represents 7.

[0832] Highly preferred stabilizers are selected from the group of compounds of formula ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1 and ST-12.

[0833] [ka]

[0834] [ka]

[0835] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium comprises one or more stabilizers selected from Table D below.

[0836] The proportion of stabilizer in the LC medium is preferably between 10 and 500 ppm, very preferably between 20 and 100 ppm.

[0837] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium according to the invention comprises a self-aligning (SA) additive, preferably in a concentration of 0.1 to 2.5%.

[0838] In a preferred embodiment, the SA-VA display according to the present invention does not include a polyimide alignment layer.In another preferred embodiment, the SA-VA display according to the preferred embodiment includes a polyimide alignment layer.

[0839] Preferred SA additives for use in this preferred embodiment are selected from compounds comprising a mesogenic group and a linear or branched alkyl side chain terminated with one or more polar anchor groups selected from hydroxy, carboxy, amino or thiol groups.

[0840] Further preferred SA additives comprise one or more polymerizable groups linked to a mesogenic group, optionally via a spacer group. These polymerizable SA additives can be polymerized in the LC medium under conditions similar to those applied to the RM in the PSA process.

[0841] Suitable SA additives for inducing homeotropic alignment, particularly for use in SA-VA mode displays, are disclosed, for example, in US Patent Application Publication Nos. 2013 / 0182202, 2014 / 0838581, 2015 / 0166890 and 2015 / 0252265.

[0842] In another preferred embodiment the LC medium or polymer stabilized SA-VA display according to the invention comprises one or more self-aligning additives selected from Table F below.

[0843] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more SA additives, preferably selected from formula II or a sub-formula thereof or selected from table F below, in a concentration of 0.1 to 5%, very preferably 0.2 to 3%, most preferably 0.2 to 1.5%.

[0844] The present invention further relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium according to the invention as described above and below, preferably a PSA or SA display, very preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0845] The present invention further relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium as described above and below, in which the polymerizable compound is present in polymerized form, preferably a PSA or SA display, very preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0846] For the production of PSA or polymer stabilized SA displays, the polymerizable compound contained in the LC medium is preferably polymerized by in situ polymerization in the LC medium between the substrates of the LC display while applying a voltage to the electrodes.

[0847] The structure of the display according to the invention corresponds to the usual geometry of a PSA display, as described in the prior art cited at the outset. A geometry without protrusions is preferred, in particular a geometry in which, in addition, the electrode on the color filter side is unstructured and only the electrode on the TFT side has slots. Particularly suitable and preferred electrode structures for PS-VA displays are described, for example, in US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0066793.

[0848] A preferred PSA type liquid crystal display of the present invention is: a first substrate including pixel electrodes defining pixel areas, the pixel electrodes being connected to switch elements disposed in each pixel area, optionally including a micro-slit pattern; and optionally a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrodes; a second substrate including a common electrode layer, optionally disposed over the portion of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and optionally a second alignment layer; an LC layer arranged between a first substrate and a second substrate and comprising an LC medium as described above and below, wherein the polymerizable compound may be present in polymerized form; Includes:

[0849] The first and / or second alignment layers control the alignment direction of the LC molecules in the LC layer. For example, in a PS-VA display, the alignment layers are selected to impart homeotropic (or vertical) alignment (i.e., perpendicular to the surface) or tilted alignment to the LC molecules. Such alignment layers may comprise, for example, polyimide and may be rubbed or prepared by photoalignment methods.

[0850] The LC layer comprising the LC medium can be deposited between the substrates of the display by methods conventionally used by display manufacturers, such as the so-called one-drop-filling (ODF) method. The polymerizable components of the LC medium are then polymerized, for example by UV photopolymerization. Polymerization can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

[0851] PSA displays may include additional elements such as color filters, black matrices, passivation layers, optical retardation layers, transistor elements for addressing individual pixels, all of which are well known to those skilled in the art and can be employed without inventive skill.

[0852] The electrode structure can be designed by those skilled in the art depending on the type of display. For example, in the case of a PS-VA display, multi-domain alignment of LC molecules can be induced by providing electrodes with slits and / or bumps or protrusions to create two or more different tilt alignment directions.

[0853] Upon polymerization, the polymerizable compound forms a copolymer, which causes the LC molecules in the LC medium to have a certain tilt angle. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that at least a portion of the cross-linked polymer formed by the polymerizable compound phase-separates or precipitates from the LC medium to form a polymer layer on the substrate or electrode, or on an alignment layer disposed thereon. Microscopy data (e.g., SEM and AFM) confirm that at least a portion of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC / substrate interface.

[0854] The polymerization can be carried out in one step, optionally with the application of a voltage, to generate the tilt angle, followed by a second polymerization step in which the unreacted compounds from the first step are polymerized or crosslinked ("final cure") without the application of a voltage.

[0855] Suitable and preferred methods of polymerization are, for example, thermal or photopolymerization, preferably photopolymerization, especially UV-induced photopolymerization, which can be achieved by exposing the polymerizable compound to UV radiation.

[0856] The polymerizable compounds of formula M and its sub-formulas exhibit good UV absorption and are therefore particularly suitable in the preparation process of PSA displays, in particular comprising one or more of the following features or any combination thereof:

[0857] The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light within the display, comprising a two-step process in which a first UV exposure step ("UV1 step") is performed with a voltage applied to the electrodes of the display to generate a tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step ("UV2 step") is performed without applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display to complete polymerization of the polymerizable compound;

[0858] The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light, preferably in at least the UV2 step, more preferably in both the UV1 and UV2 steps, in displays produced by UV-LED lamps;

[0859] The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light in the display, generated by energy-saving UV lamps (also known as "green UV lamps"). These lamps are characterized by a relatively low intensity (1 / 100 to 1 / 10 of conventional UV1 lamps) in the absorption spectrum of 300 to 380 nm, and are preferably used in the UV2 process, but can also be used in the UV1 process if high intensity needs to be avoided.

[0860] The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light in the display produced by a UV lamp with an emission spectrum shifted to longer wavelengths, preferably above 340 nm, more preferably below 350-370 nm, and very preferably 355-368 nm, to avoid short UV light exposure in the PS-VA process.

[0861] The UV shift to lower intensity and longer wavelengths protects the organic layers from damage that can be caused by UV light.

[0862] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for preparing a PSA display as described above and below, comprising one or more of the following features or any desired combination thereof: Irradiating the polymerizable LC medium with UV light in two steps, including a first UV exposure step ("UV-1 step") in which a voltage is applied to generate a tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step ("UV-2 step") in which no voltage is applied to complete the polymerization of the polymerizable compound, The polymerizable LC medium is preferably exposed to UV2 and optionally UV1 in the wavelength range of 300-380 nm at 0.5 mW / cm 2 ~10mW / cm 2 and irradiating the sample with UV light generated by a UV lamp having an intensity of irradiating the polymerizable LC medium with UV light having a wavelength of greater than or equal to 340 nm, preferably less than or equal to 420 nm, very preferably in the range from 340 to 380 nm, more preferably in the range from 350 to less than 370 nm, most preferably in the range from 355 to 368 nm, The polymerizable LC medium is irradiated with UV light while a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display. -UV light is irradiated using a UV-LED lamp.

[0863] This preferred method can be carried out, for example, by using a desired UV lamp or a bandpass filter and / or cutoff filter that substantially transmits UV light having the desired wavelength and substantially blocks light having undesired wavelengths. For example, if irradiation with UV light having a wavelength λ of 300 to 400 nm is desired, UV irradiation can be carried out using a wide bandpass filter that substantially transmits wavelengths λ greater than 300 nm and less than 400 nm. If irradiation with UV light having a wavelength λ greater than 340 nm is desired, UV irradiation can be carried out using a cutoff filter that substantially transmits wavelengths λ greater than 340 nm.

[0864] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, UV irradiation is carried out using a UV-LED lamp.

[0865] The use of UV-LED lamps with only one narrow emission peak in the PSA process offers several advantages, such as more efficient light energy transfer to the polymerizable compound in the LC medium, depending on the selection of an appropriate polymerizable compound that absorbs at the emission wavelength of the LED lamp. This allows for a reduction in UV intensity and / or UV exposure time, thereby shortening cycle time and saving energy and manufacturing costs. Another advantage is that the narrow emission spectrum of the lamp makes it easier to select a wavelength suitable for photopolymerization.

[0866] Highly preferably, the UV light source is a UV-LED lamp emitting a wavelength in the range of 340 to 400 nm, more preferably in the range of 340 to 380 nm. A UV-LED lamp emitting UV light with a wavelength of 365 nm is especially preferred.

[0867] Preferably, the UV-LED lamp emits light having an emission peak with a full width half maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm or less.

[0868] UV-LED lamps are commercially available, for example, from Dr. Hoenle, Germany or Primelite, Germany or IST Metz, Germany, and have emission wavelengths of, for example, 365 nm, 385 nm, 395 nm and 405 nm.

[0869] This preferred method allows for the manufacture of displays using longer wavelength UV, thereby reducing or avoiding the harmful and damaging effects of the short wavelength component of UV light.

[0870] The UV radiation energy is generally 6 to 100 J, depending on the conditions of the manufacturing process.

[0871] The LC media according to the present invention may additionally comprise one or more further components or additives, which are preferably selected, but not limited to, from the following list: comonomers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, dispersants, hydrophobizing agents, adhesives, flow improvers, antifoaming agents, degassing agents, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colorants, dyes, pigments and nanoparticles.

[0872] Furthermore, the LC medium can contain, for example, 0 to 15% by weight of pleochroic dyes, nanoparticles, conductive salts, preferably ethyl dimethyldodecylammonium 4-hexoxybenzoate, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate, or crown ether complex salts (e.g., Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 24, 249-258 (1973)), substances that improve the electrical conductivity, or substances that modify the dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, or alignment of the nematic phase. Substances of this type are described, for example, in German Patent Applications DE 22 09 127, DE 22 40 864, DE 23 21 632, DE 23 38 281, DE 24 50 088, DE 26 37 430, and DE 28 53 728.

[0873] The individual components of the preferred embodiments of the LC media according to the present invention listed above are either known or can be easily derived by those skilled in the art from the prior art, since their preparation methods are based on standard methods described in the literature.Corresponding compounds of formula CY are described, for example, in EP-A-0 364 538.Corresponding compounds of formula ZK are described, for example, in DE-A-26 36 684 and DE-A-33 21 373.

[0874] The LC media that can be used according to the present invention can be prepared in a conventional manner, for example by mixing one or more of the above-mentioned compounds with one or more polymerizable compounds as defined above, and optionally with further liquid crystal compounds and / or additives. Generally, the desired amount of the component used in the smaller amount is dissolved in the component that constitutes the main component, advantageously at elevated temperature. It is also possible to mix solutions of the components in an organic solvent, such as acetone, chloroform or methanol, and, after thorough mixing, remove the solvent again, for example by distillation. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the LC media according to the present invention.

[0875] It goes without saying for those skilled in the art that the LC media according to the invention may also include compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl, F are replaced by the corresponding isotopes, such as deuterium.

[0876] The following examples illustrate the present invention without limiting it. However, they provide those skilled in the art with preferred mixing ideas, along with the compounds preferably used, their respective concentrations and their combinations with one another. In addition, the examples illustrate what properties and property combinations are available.

[0877] In the present invention and in the following examples, the structures of liquid crystal compounds are represented by acronyms. Unless otherwise specified, the conversion to chemical formulas is carried out according to the following Tables A.1 to A.3. n H 2n+1 , C m H 2m+1 and C l H 2l+1 or C n H 2n , C m H 2m and C l H 2l are linear alkyl or alkylene groups with n, m and l C atoms in each case. Preferably, n, m and l are each, independently of one another, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. Table A.1 shows the codes for the ring elements of the nucleus of the compounds, Table A.2 lists the bridging units, and Table A.3 lists the meaning of the symbols for the left- and right-most groups of the molecules. The acronyms consist of the code for the ring element with an optional linking group followed by the first hyphen and the code for the left-most group, and the second hyphen and the code for the right-most group.

[0878] <Table A.1: Ring elements>

[0879] [Table 5]

[0880] [Table 6]

[0881] [Table 7]

[0882] <Table A.2: Cross-linking units>

[0883] [Table 8]

[0884] <Table A.3: Terminal group>

[0885] [Table 9]

[0886] [Table 10]

[0887] In the table, n and m are each integers, and the three dots "..." are places for other abbreviations from this table.

[0888] Table B shows exemplary structures of compounds along with their respective abbreviations.

[0889] In Table B, n, m, k, and l are each independently an integer, preferably 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 7, and k and l may be 0, preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2, most preferably 2. n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In the combination "-nO-", n is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, very preferably 2 or 4. m is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In the combination "-Om", m is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The combination "-nVm" is preferably "2V1". (O)C m H2m+1 is C m H 2m+1 or O.C. m H 2m+1 means.

[0890] [Table 11]

[0891] [Table 12]

[0892] [Table 13]

[0893] [Table 14]

[0894] [Table 15]

[0895] [Table 16]

[0896] [Table 17]

[0897] [Table 18]

[0898] [Table 19]

[0899] [Table 20]

[0900] Table 21

[0901] Table 22

[0902] Table 23

[0903] Table 24

[0904] Table 25

[0905] Table 26

[0906] Table 27

[0907] Table 28

[0908] Table 29

[0909] Table 30

[0910] [Table 31]

[0911] [Table 32]

[0912] [Table 33]

[0913] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the LC medium according to the invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds from Table B.

[0914] Table C shows possible chiral dopants which can be added to the LC media according to the invention.

[0915] [Table 34]

[0916] [Table 35]

[0917] The LC media preferably comprise 0 to 10% by weight, in particular 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight, of dopants. The LC media preferably comprise one or more dopants selected from the group consisting of the compounds from Table C.

[0918] Table D shows possible stabilizers which can be added to the LC media according to the invention, where n represents an integer from 1 to 12, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, and terminal methyl groups are not shown.

[0919] [Table 36]

[0920] [Table 37]

[0921] [Table 38]

[0922] [Table 39]

[0923] [Table 40]

[0924] [Table 41]

[0925] [Table 42]

[0926] [Table 43]

[0927] The LC medium preferably comprises 0 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 1 ppm to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 1 ppm to 1% by weight, of a stabilizer. The LC medium preferably comprises one or more stabilizers selected from the group consisting of the compounds from Table D.

[0928] Table E shows exemplary reactive mesogenic compounds that can be used in the LC media according to the present invention.

[0929] Table 44

[0930] Table 45

[0931] Table 46

[0932] Table 47

[0933] Table 48

[0934] Table 49

[0935] Table 50

[0936] Table 51

[0937] Table 52

[0938] Table 53

[0939] Table 54

[0940] Table 55

[0941] Table 56

[0942] Table 57

[0943] Table 58

[0944] Table 59

[0945] Table 60

[0946] Table 61

[0947] Table 62

[0948] Table 63

[0949] In a preferred embodiment, the mixture according to the invention comprises one or more polymerizable compounds, preferably selected from the polymerizable compounds of the formulae RM-1 to RM-182. Among these, compounds RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156 to RM-163, RM-169, RM-170, and RM-171 to RM-183 are particularly preferred.

[0950] Table F shows self-aligning additives for homeotropic alignment which can be used together with the polymerizable compounds in the LC medium for SA-VA and SA-FFS displays according to the invention.

[0951] [Table 64]

[0952] [Table 65]

[0953] [Table 66]

[0954] [Table 67]

[0955] [Table 68]

[0956] [Table 69]

[0957] [Table 70]

[0958] [Table 71]

[0959] [Table 72]

[0960] [Table 73]

[0961] [Table 74]

[0962] [Table 75]

[0963] [Table 76]

[0964] In a preferred embodiment, the LC media, SA-VA and SA-FFS displays according to the invention comprise one or more SA additives selected from the formulae SA-1 to SA-48, preferably from the formulae SA-14 to SA-48, very preferably from the formulae SA-20 to SA-34 and SA-44, in combination with one or more RM. [Example]

[0965] The following examples illustrate the present invention without limiting it. However, they provide those skilled in the art with preferred mixing ideas, along with the compounds preferably used, their respective concentrations and their combinations with one another. In addition, the examples illustrate what properties and property combinations are available.

[0966] In addition, the following abbreviations and symbols are used: V0 is the capacitance threshold voltage [V] at 20°C, n e is the extraordinary refractive index at 20°C and 589 nm, n0 is the ordinary refractive index at 20°C and 589 nm, Δn is the optical anisotropy at 20°C and 589 nm; ε ⊥ is the dielectric constant perpendicular to the director at 20°C and 1 kHz, ε ∥ is the dielectric constant parallel to the director at 20°C and 1 kHz, Δε is the dielectric anisotropy at 20 °C and 1 kHz, cl.p., T(N,I) is the clearing point [°C], γ1 is the rotational viscosity at 20°C [mPa·s], K1 is the elastic constant for "splay" deformation at 20°C [pN], K2 is the elastic constant for "twist" deformation at 20°C [pN], K3 is the elastic constant for "bend" deformation at 20°C [pN], K av. is the average elastic constant [pN] at 20°C, and in this specification

number

[0967] Unless otherwise specified, all concentrations in this application are given in weight percent and refer to the corresponding total mixture, including all solid or liquid crystal components, excluding solvent.

[0968] Unless otherwise specified, all temperature values ​​given in this application, such as the melting point T(C,N), the smectic (S) to nematic (N) phase transition T(S,N), and the clearing point T(N,I), are given in degrees Celsius (°C). Mp denotes the melting point, cl.p. the clearing point. Furthermore, C is the crystalline state, N is the nematic phase, S is the smectic phase, and I is the isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperatures.

[0969] All physical properties are or have been determined in accordance with "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and unless otherwise stated in each case, a temperature of 20°C applies, Δn is determined at 589 nm and Δε is determined at 1 kHz.

[0970] For the present invention, the term "threshold voltage" refers to the capacitive threshold (V), also known as the Freederickss threshold, unless otherwise specified. Also, in the examples, and as is generally usual, the threshold voltage is referred to as the 10% relative contrast (V 10 ) may also be given as the optical threshold.

[0971] Unless otherwise specified, the process of polymerizing the polymerizable compounds in the PSA displays, as described above and below, is carried out at a temperature at which the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, preferably a nematic phase, and most preferably at room temperature.

[0972] Unless otherwise specified, the methods for preparing the test cells and measuring their electro-optical and other properties are as or similar to those described hereinafter.

[0973] Unless otherwise specified, PSVA displays or PSVA test cells used for tilt angle measurements typically consist of two flat, parallel glass outer plates separated by a distance of 3-4 μm, each with an electrode layer on its inner side and a polyimide alignment layer on top, except that the two polyimide layers are rubbed antiparallel to each other to produce homeotropic edge alignment of the LC molecules. PSVA displays or test cells have the same structure but omit one or both polyimide layers.

[0974] The polymerizable compound is polymerized in the display or test cell by irradiating it with UV light of a specified intensity for a predetermined time while simultaneously applying a voltage (typically 10V to 30V AC, 1kHz) to the display.

[0975] Tilt angles are typically determined using a Mueller matrix polarimeter "AxoScan" manufactured by Axometrics, Inc. Herein, low values ​​(i.e., large deviations from a 90° angle) correspond to large tilts.

[0976] Unless otherwise specified, the term "tilt angle" refers to the angle between the LC director and the substrate, and "LC director" refers to the preferred orientation direction of the principal optical axes of the LC molecules in a layer of uniformly aligned LC molecules, which in the case of calamitic, uniaxial, positively birefringent LC molecules corresponds to their molecular long axis.

[0977] <Example 1> The nematic LC host mixture N1 is formulated as follows:

[0978] [Table 77]

[0979] The polymerizable LC mixture P1 is formulated by adding 0.35% of the polymerizable compound I1 to the nematic LC host mixture N1.

[0980] For comparison, the polymerizable LC mixture PC1 is formulated by adding 0.3% of the polymerizable compound RM-1 (formula IBD1) to the nematic LC host mixture N1.

[0981] [ka]

[0982] <Residual RM> The amount of unpolymerized monomer remaining in the mixture is determined after UV photopolymerization. The lower the amount of residual monomer after a certain time, the faster the polymerization. For this purpose, the polymerizable mixture is filled into a test cell and exposed to an intensity of 0.5 mW / cm. 2 Fluorescent UV C-type lamp or intensity 1.8mW / cm 2 The mixture was polymerized at room temperature by UV radiation using a UV B lamp for various time intervals. The UV intensity was monitored with a 313 nm UV detector. After the photopolymerization time, the test cell was opened, and the mixture was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, washed out of the test cell, and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC).

[0983] The results are shown in Table 1.1.

[0984] <Table 1.1-Residual RM>

[0985] [Table 78]

[0986] nd is not detectable.

[0987] It can be seen that in the polymerizable mixture P1 according to the invention containing compound I1, the residual monomer content after polymerization decreases much faster than in the polymerizable reference mixture PC1 containing compound RM-1, despite the fact that the initial concentration of I1 is higher than in RM-1. Thus, for example, mixture P1 reaches similar residual concentrations (0.0147% and 0.0156%) in just half the time (0.5 and 1 hour), and after 1 hour residual RM in mixture P1 is no longer detectable.

[0988] <Example 2> The nematic LC host mixture N2 is formulated as follows:

[0989] [Table 79]

[0990] Polymerizable LC mixture P2 is formulated by adding 0.35% of compound I1 to nematic LC host mixture N2, and for comparison, polymerizable LC mixture PC2 is formulated by adding 0.3% of compound RM-1 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[0991] The residual amount of unpolymerized monomer in the mixture is determined as described in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.1.

[0992] <Table 2.1-Residual RM>

[0993] [Table 80]

[0994] nd is not detectable.

[0995] It can be seen that in the polymerizable mixture P2 according to the invention containing compound I1, the residual content of monomers after polymerization decreases much faster than in the polymerizable reference mixture PC2 containing compound RM-1.

[0996] <Example 3> The nematic LC host mixture N3 is formulated as follows:

[0997] [Table 81]

[0998] Polymerizable LC mixture P3 was formulated by adding 0.5% of compound I1 to the nematic LC host mixture N3, and for comparison, polymerizable LC mixture PC3 was formulated by adding 0.3% of compound RM-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N3.

[0999] The residual amount of unpolymerized monomer in the mixture is determined as described in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.1.

[1000] <Table 3.1-Residual RM>

[1001] [Table 82]

[1002] nd is not detectable.

[1003] It can be seen that the residual monomer content after polymerization decreases much faster in the polymerizable mixture P3 according to the invention containing compound I1 than in the polymerizable reference mixture PC3 containing compound RM-1, so that for example mixture P3 reaches similar residual concentrations (0.0058% and 0.0065%) in just half the time (1 and 2 hours), and after 1.5 hours residual RM in mixture P3 is no longer detectable.

[1004] <Example 4> The polymerizable LC mixture P4 is formulated by adding 0.65% of compound I1 and 0.05% of polymerizable compound IC45 to the nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1005] [ka]

[1006] <Example 5> The polymerizable LC mixture P5 is formulated by adding 0.65% of compound I1 and 0.05% of polymerizable compound IC45 to the nematic LC host mixture N3.

[1007] <Example 6> Polymerizable mixture P6 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 0.2% of polymerizable compound IBD6 to the nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1008] [ka] <Example 7> The polymerizable LC mixture P7 is formulated by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 0.2% of polymerizable compound IBD23 to the nematic LC host mixture N1.

[1009] [ka]

[1010] <Example 8> The nematic LC host mixture N4 is formulated as follows:

[1011] [Table 83]

[1012] The polymerizable LC mixture P8 is formulated by adding 0.65% of compound I1 and 0.05% of compound IC45 to the nematic LC host mixture N4.

[1013] <Example 9> The nematic LC host mixture N5 is formulated as follows:

[1014] [Table 84]

[1015] Polymerizable mixture P9 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.05% of compound IC45 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N5.

[1016] [ka]

[1017] <Example 10> The nematic LC host mixture N6 is formulated as follows:

[1018] [Table 85]

[1019] Chiral host mixture C1 is prepared by adding 0.91% of chiral dopant S-4011 to nematic LC host mixture N6. Polymerizable mixture P10 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.15% of compound IA1, and 0.05% of compound IC45 to chiral host mixture C1.

[1020] [ka]

[1021] <Example 11> The nematic LC host mixture N7 is formulated as follows:

[1022] [Table 86]

[1023] Polymerizable mixture P11 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 0.3% of compound IBD6 to nematic LC host mixture N7.

[1024] <Example 12> The nematic LC host mixture N8 is formulated as follows:

[1025] [Table 87]

[1026] Polymerizable mixture P12 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N8.

[1027] <Example 13> Polymerizable mixture P13 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1 and 0.2% of compound IBD4 to the nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1028] [ka]

[1029] <Example 14> Polymerizable mixture P14 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 0.3% of compound IA1 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1030] <Example 15> Polymerizable mixture P16 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBT22 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N3.

[1031] [ka]

[1032] <Example 16> Polymerizable mixture P16 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBT35 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1033] [ka]

[1034] <Example 17> The nematic LC host mixture N9 is formulated as follows:

[1035] [Table 88]

[1036] Polymerizable mixture P17 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD1 and 50 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N9.

[1037] <Example 18> The nematic LC host mixture N10 is formulated as follows:

[1038] [Table 89]

[1039] Polymerizable mixture P18 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1 and 50 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N10.

[1040] [ka]

[1041] <Example 19> The nematic LC host mixture N11 is formulated as follows:

[1042] [Table 90]

[1043] Polymerizable mixture P19 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1, 0.05% of compound IC45 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N11.

[1044] <Example 20> Polymerizable mixture P20 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.4% of compound IBD3 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N1.

[1045] [ka]

[1046] <Example 21> Polymerizable mixture P21 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBT1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N3.

[1047] [ka]

[1048] <Example 22> The nematic LC host mixture N12 is formulated as follows:

[1049] [Table 91]

[1050] Polymerizable mixture P22 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.05% of compound IC45 and 0.6% of SA additive SA23 to nematic LC host mixture N12.

[1051] [ka]

[1052] <Example 23> The nematic LC host mixture N13 is formulated as follows:

[1053] [Table 92]

[1054] Polymerizable mixture P23 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N13.

[1055] <Example 24> The nematic LC host mixture N14 is formulated as follows:

[1056] [Table 93]

[1057] Polymerizable mixture P24 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IC1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N14.

[1058] [ka]

[1059] <Example 25> Polymerizable mixture P25 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IC2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N3.

[1060] [ka]

[1061] <Example 26> The nematic LC host mixture N15 is formulated as follows:

[1062] [Table 94]

[1063] Polymerizable mixture P26 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.05% of compound IC25 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N15.

[1064] [ka]

[1065] <Example 27> The nematic LC host mixture N16 is formulated as follows:

[1066] [Table 95]

[1067] Polymerizable mixture P27 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I1 and 50 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N16.

[1068] <Example 28> The nematic LC host mixture N17 is formulated as follows:

[1069] [Table 96]

[1070] Polymerizable mixture P28 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.05% of compound IC45 and 50 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N17.

[1071] <Example 29> The nematic LC host mixture N18 is formulated as follows:

[1072] [Table 97]

[1073] Polymerizable mixture P29 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-8-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N18.

[1074] [ka]

[1075] <Example 30> The nematic LC host mixture N19 is formulated as follows:

[1076] [Table 98]

[1077] Polymerizable mixture P30 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1, 0.05% of compound IC45 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N19.

[1078] <Example 31> The nematic LC host mixture N20 is formulated as follows:

[1079] [Table 99]

[1080] Polymerizable mixture P31 is prepared by adding 0.5% compound I1, 0.2% compound IB4 and 100 ppm stabilizer ST-9-1 to nematic LC host mixture N20.

[1081] [ka]

[1082] <Example 32> The nematic LC host mixture N21 is formulated as follows:

[1083] [Table 100]

[1084] Polymerizable mixture P32 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1, 0.05% of compound IC23 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N21.

[1085] [ka]

[1086] <Example 33> The nematic LC host mixture N22 is formulated as follows:

[1087] [Table 101]

[1088] Polymerizable mixture P33 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.3% of compound IBD1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N22.

[1089] <Example 34> The nematic LC host mixture N23 is formulated as follows:

[1090] [Table 102]

[1091] Polymerizable mixture P34 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.3% of compound IBD6 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-12 to the nematic LC host mixture N23.

[1092] [ka]

[1093] <Example 35> The nematic LC host mixture N24 is formulated as follows:

[1094] [Table 103]

[1095] Polymerizable mixture P35 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound 1A1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N24.

[1096] <Example 36> The nematic LC host mixture N25 is formulated as follows:

[1097] [Table 104]

[1098] Polymerizable mixture P36 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 0.6% of SA additive SA32 to nematic LC host mixture N25.

[1099] [ka]

[1100] <Example 37> The nematic LC host mixture N26 is formulated as follows:

[1101] [Table 105]

[1102] Polymerizable mixture P37 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.3% of compound IBD19 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N26.

[1103] [ka]

[1104] <Example 38> The nematic LC host mixture N27 is formulated as follows:

[1105] [Table 106]

[1106] Polymerizable mixture P38 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.05% of compound IC45 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N27.

[1107] <Example 39> The nematic LC host mixture N28 is formulated as follows:

[1108] [Table 107]

[1109] Polymerizable mixture P39 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound RM-169 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N28.

[1110] [ka]

[1111] <Example 40> The nematic LC host mixture N29 is formulated as follows:

[1112] [Table 108]

[1113] Polymerizable mixture P40 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IC1 and 50 ppm of stabilizer H-1-1-1 to nematic LC host mixture N29.

[1114] [ka]

[1115] <Example 41> The nematic LC host mixture N30 is formulated as follows:

[1116] [Table 109]

[1117] Polymerizable mixture P41 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IC2 and 50 ppm of stabilizer ST-9-1 to nematic LC host mixture N30.

[1118] <Example 42> The nematic LC host mixture N31 is formulated as follows:

[1119] [Table 110]

[1120] Polymerizable mixture P42 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IC23 and 150 ppm of stabilizer H-2-1-1 to nematic LC host mixture N31.

[1121] [ka]

[1122] <Example 43> The nematic LC host mixture N32 is formulated as follows:

[1123] [Table 111]

[1124] Polymerizable mixture P43 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N32.

[1125] <Example 44> The nematic LC host mixture N33 is formulated as follows:

[1126] [Table 112]

[1127] Polymerizable mixture P44 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N33.

[1128] <Example 45> Polymerizable mixture P45 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBT8 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N8.

[1129] [ka]

[1130] <Example 46> The nematic LC host mixture N34 is formulated as follows:

[1131] [Table 113]

[1132] Polymerizable mixture P46 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD1 and 0.6% of SA additive SA23 to nematic LC host mixture N34.

[1133] <Example 47> The nematic LC host mixture N35 is formulated as follows:

[1134] [Table 114]

[1135] Polymerizable mixture P47 is prepared by adding 0.45% compound I1, 0.2% compound IBD6, 0.6% SA additive SA23 and 50 ppm stabilizer ST-9-1 to nematic LC host mixture N35.

[1136] <Example 48> The nematic LC host mixture N36 is formulated as follows:

[1137] [Table 115]

[1138] Polymerizable mixture P48 is prepared by adding 0.4% compound I1, 0.3% compound IBD4, 0.6% SA additive SA32 and 50 ppm stabilizer ST-8-1 to nematic LC host mixture N36.

[1139] <Example 49> The nematic LC host mixture N37 is formulated as follows:

[1140] [Table 116]

[1141] Polymerizable mixture P49 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-12 to the nematic LC host mixture N37.

[1142] <Example 50> The nematic LC host mixture N38 is formulated as follows:

[1143] [Table 117]

[1144] Polymerizable mixture P50 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-9-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N38.

[1145] <Example 51> The nematic LC host mixture N39 is formulated as follows:

[1146] [Table 118]

[1147] Polymerizable mixture P51 is prepared by adding 0.5% compound I1, 0.1% compound IC25, 0.6% SA additive SA23 and 50 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N39.

[1148] <Example 52> The nematic LC host mixture N40 is formulated as follows:

[1149] [Table 119]

[1150] Polymerizable mixture P52 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1, 0.5% of compound IC45 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N40.

[1151] <Example 53> The nematic LC host mixture N41 is formulated as follows:

[1152] [Table 120]

[1153] Polymerizable mixture P53 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-9-1 to nematic LC host mixture N41.

[1154] <Example 54> The nematic LC host mixture N42 is formulated as follows:

[1155] [Table 121]

[1156] Polymerizable mixture P54 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-12 to the nematic LC host mixture N42.

[1157] <Example 55> The nematic LC host mixture N43 is formulated as follows:

[1158] [Table 122]

[1159] Polymerizable mixture P55 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-9-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N43.

[1160] <Example 56> The nematic LC host mixture N44 is formulated as follows:

[1161] [Table 123]

[1162] Polymerizable mixture P56 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD23 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N44.

[1163] <Example 57> The nematic LC host mixture N45 is formulated as follows:

[1164] [Table 124]

[1165] Polymerizable mixture P57 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IBT1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N45.

[1166] <Example 58> The nematic LC host mixture N46 is formulated as follows:

[1167] [Table 125]

[1168] Polymerizable mixture P58 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IBT22 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-12 to the nematic LC host mixture N46.

[1169] <Example 59> The nematic LC host mixture N47 is formulated as follows:

[1170] [Table 126]

[1171] Polymerizable mixture P59 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IBT1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-9-1 to nematic LC host mixture N47.

[1172] <Example 60> The nematic LC host mixture N48 is formulated as follows:

[1173] [Table 127]

[1174] Polymerizable mixture P60 is prepared by adding 0.5% compound I1, 0.1% compound IBT35, 0.6% SA additive SA32 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-8-1 to nematic LC host mixture N48.

[1175] <Example 61> The nematic LC host mixture N49 is formulated as follows:

[1176] [Table 128]

[1177] Polymerizable mixture P61 is prepared by adding 0.5% compound I1, 0.2% compound IBD1, 0.6% SA additive SA32 and 100 ppm stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N49.

[1178] <Example 62> The nematic LC host mixture N50 is formulated as follows:

[1179] [Table 129]

[1180] Polymerizable mixture P62 is prepared by adding 0.45% compound I1, 0.2% compound IBD6, 0.6% SA additive SA32 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-9-1 to nematic LC host mixture N50.

[1181] <Example 63> The nematic LC host mixture N51 is formulated as follows:

[1182] [Table 130]

[1183] Polymerizable mixture P63 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 to nematic LC host mixture N51.

[1184] <Example 64> The nematic LC host mixture N52 is formulated as follows:

[1185] [Table 131]

[1186] Polymerizable mixture P64 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IB23 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N52.

[1187] <Example 65> The nematic LC host mixture N53 is formulated as follows:

[1188] [Table 132]

[1189] Polymerizable mixture P65 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N53.

[1190] <Example 66> The nematic LC host mixture N54 is formulated as follows:

[1191] [Table 133]

[1192] Polymerizable mixture P66 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD6 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N54.

[1193] <Example 67> The nematic LC host mixture N55 is formulated as follows:

[1194] [Table 134]

[1195] Polymerizable mixture P67 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N55.

[1196] <Example 68> The nematic LC host mixture N56 is formulated as follows:

[1197] [Table 135]

[1198] Polymerizable mixture P68 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IC45 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N56.

[1199] <Example 69> The nematic LC host mixture N57 is formulated as follows:

[1200] [Table 136]

[1201] Polymerizable mixture P69 is prepared by adding 0.35% compound I1, 0.1% compound IA1, 0.05% compound IC45 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N57.

[1202] <Example 70> The nematic LC host mixture N58 is formulated as follows:

[1203] [Table 137]

[1204] Polymerizable mixture P70 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I1, 0.15% of compound IBD6 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N58.

[1205] <Example 71> The nematic LC host mixture N59 is formulated as follows:

[1206] [Table 138]

[1207] Polymerizable mixture P71 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I1, 0.15% of compound IBD4 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N59.

[1208] <Example 72> The nematic LC host mixture N60 is formulated as follows:

[1209] [Table 139]

[1210] Polymerizable mixture P72 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IA1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N60.

[1211] <Example 73> The nematic LC host mixture N61 is formulated as follows:

[1212] [Table 140]

[1213] Polymerizable mixture P73 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N61.

[1214] <Example 74> The nematic LC host mixture N62 is formulated as follows:

[1215] [Table 141]

[1216] Polymerizable mixture P74 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IDB-1 and 200 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N62.

[1217] <Example 75> The nematic LC host mixture N63 is formulated as follows:

[1218] [Table 142]

[1219] Polymerizable mixture P75 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 200 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N63.

[1220] <Example 76> The nematic LC host mixture N64 is formulated as follows:

[1221] [Table 143]

[1222] Polymerizable mixture P76 is prepared by adding 0.4% compound I1, 0.2% compound IBT35, 0.6% SA additive SA32 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-8-1 to nematic LC host mixture N64.

[1223] <Example 77> The nematic LC host mixture N65 is formulated as follows:

[1224] [Table 144]

[1225] Polymerizable mixture P77 is prepared by adding 0.4% compound I1, 0.2% compound IBD4, 0.6% SA additive SA23 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N65.

[1226] <Example 78> The nematic LC host mixture N66 is formulated as follows:

[1227] [Table 145]

[1228] Polymerizable mixture P78 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IC45 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-8-1 to nematic LC host mixture N66.

[1229] <Example 79> The nematic LC host mixture N67 is formulated as follows:

[1230] [Table 146]

[1231] Polymerizable mixture P79 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-8-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N67.

[1232] <Example 80> The nematic LC host mixture N68 is formulated as follows:

[1233] [Table 147]

[1234] Polymerizable mixture P80 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD6 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N68.

[1235] <Example 81> The nematic LC host mixture N69 is formulated as follows:

[1236] [Table 148]

[1237] Polymerizable mixture P81 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N69.

[1238] <Example 82> The nematic LC host mixture N70 is formulated as follows:

[1239] [Table 149]

[1240] Polymerizable mixture P82 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N70.

[1241] <Example 83> The nematic LC host mixture N71 is formulated as follows:

[1242] [Table 150]

[1243] Polymerizable mixture P83 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD6 and 200 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N71.

[1244] <Example 84> The nematic LC host mixture N72 is formulated as follows:

[1245] [Table 151]

[1246] Polymerizable mixture P84 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD4 and 200 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N72.

[1247] <Example 85> Polymerizable mixture P85 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 to the nematic LC host mixture N1.

[1248] <Example 86> Polymerizable mixture P86 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 to the nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1249] <Example 87> Polymerizable mixture P87 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1 to the nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1250] <Example 88> Polymerizable mixture P88 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 to chiral host mixture C1.

[1251] <Example 89> Polymerizable mixture P89 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1 and 0.05% of compound IC45 to chiral host mixture C1.

[1252] <Example 90> Polymerizable mixture P90 is prepared by adding 0.45% of compound I1, 0.15% of compound IA1 and 0.05% of compound IC45 to chiral host mixture C1.

[1253] <Example 91> The nematic LC host mixture N73 is formulated as follows:

[1254] [Table 152]

[1255] Polymerizable mixture P91 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N73.

[1256] <Example 92> The nematic LC host mixture N74 is formulated as follows:

[1257] [Table 153]

[1258] Polymerizable mixture P92 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N74.

[1259] <Example 93> The nematic LC host mixture N75 is formulated as follows:

[1260] [Table 154]

[1261] Polymerizable mixture P93 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N75.

[1262] <Example 94> The nematic LC host mixture N76 is formulated as follows:

[1263] [Table 155]

[1264] Polymerizable mixture P94 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N76.

[1265] <Example 95> The nematic LC host mixture N77 is formulated as follows:

[1266] [Table 156]

[1267] Polymerizable mixture P95 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 to the nematic LC host mixture N77.

[1268] <Example 96> The nematic LC host mixture N78 is formulated as follows:

[1269] [Table 157]

[1270] Polymerizable mixture P96 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 to the nematic LC host mixture N78.

[1271] <Example 97> The nematic LC host mixture N79 is formulated as follows:

[1272] [Table 158]

[1273] Polymerizable mixture P97 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N79.

[1274] <Example 98> The nematic LC host mixture N80 is formulated as follows:

[1275] [Table 159]

[1276] Polymerizable mixture P98 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N80.

[1277] <Example 99> The nematic LC host mixture N81 is formulated as follows:

[1278] [Table 160]

[1279] Polymerizable mixture P99 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N81.

[1280] <Example 100> The nematic LC host mixture N82 is formulated as follows:

[1281] [Table 161]

[1282] Polymerizable mixture P99 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N82.

[1283] <Example 101> The nematic LC host mixture N83 is formulated as follows:

[1284] [Table 162]

[1285] Polymerizable mixture P101 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N83.

[1286] <Example 102> The nematic LC host mixture N84 is formulated as follows:

[1287] [Table 163]

[1288] Polymerizable mixture P102 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N84.

[1289] <Example 103> The nematic LC host mixture N85 is formulated as follows:

[1290] [Table 164]

[1291] Polymerizable mixture P103 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 to the nematic LC host mixture N85.

[1292] <Example 104> The nematic LC host mixture N86 is formulated as follows:

[1293] [Table 165]

[1294] Polymerizable mixture P104 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N86.

[1295] <Example 105> The nematic LC host mixture N87 is formulated as follows:

[1296] [Table 166]

[1297] Polymerizable mixture P105 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.485% of nematic LC host mixture N87.

[1298] <Example 106> The nematic LC host mixture N88 is formulated as follows:

[1299] [Table 167]

[1300] Polymerizable mixture P106 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.485% of nematic LC host mixture N88.

[1301] <Example 107> The nematic LC host mixture N89 is formulated as follows:

[1302] [Table 168]

[1303] Polymerizable mixture P107 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.685% of nematic LC host mixture N89.

[1304] <Example 108> The nematic LC host mixture N90 is formulated as follows:

[1305] [Table 169]

[1306] Polymerizable mixture P108 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IA1, 0.15% of compound IC45 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.485% of nematic LC host mixture N90.

[1307] <Example 109> Polymerizable mixture P109 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.1% of compound IBD1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.585% of nematic LC host mixture N87.

[1308] <Example 110> The nematic LC host mixture N91 is formulated as follows:

[1309] [Table 170]

[1310] Polymerizable mixture P110 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.485% of nematic LC host mixture N91.

[1311] <Example 111> A polymerizable mixture P111 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I2 to the nematic LC host mixture N1.

[1312] [ka]

[1313] The electro-optical VA test cell, comprising an AF glass substrate containing the polymerizable mixture, is exposed to UV light in a two-step process: the first step (UV1) to generate the tilt angle, and the second step (UV2) to polymerize any residual monomer not polymerized in the first step. In the UV1 step, a voltage is applied (0.1 V steps and curing at DC 15 V), while in the UV2 step, no voltage is applied. The light source in both steps is equipped with a 313 nm cutoff filter and is 0.5 mW / cm at room temperature. 2 As a result, a pretilt angle is generated in the mixture.

[1314] For VHR measurements, the polymerizable LC mixture is filled into a test cell and the monomer is polymerized under the conditions described above. The VHR is measured before and after exposure to a UV-C type lamp used in the PSA process, with a voltage of 1 V / 0.6 Hz applied at 60°C for 40 minutes.

[1315] Light stress usually causes a decrease in VHR in LC mixtures, so the smaller the absolute decrease in VHR value after stress, the better the performance in display applications. The results are shown in Table 111.1.

[1316] <Table 111.1-VHR>

[1317] [Table 171]

[1318] It can be seen that the polymerizable mixture P111 containing monomer I2 surprisingly does not show a significant VHR loss after UV stress.

[1319] The residual amount of unpolymerized monomer in the mixture is determined after UV photopolymerization. The lower the residual amount of monomer after a certain time, the faster the polymerization. For this purpose, the polymerizable mixture is exposed to UV light at 0.5 mW / cm 2 The mixtures were photopolymerized at room temperature by UV radiation using a fluorescent UV type C lamp with an intensity of 1000 uV for various time intervals. The UV intensity was monitored with a UV detector at 313 nm. After the photopolymerization time, the test cell was opened, and the mixture was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, washed out of the test cell, and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results are shown in Table 111.2.

[1320] <Table 111.2-Residual RM>

[1321] [Table 172]

[1322] nd is not detectable.

[1323] It can be seen that in the polymerizable mixture P111 containing the monomer I2, the residual content of monomer after polymerization decreases very quickly, and after 1 hour no residual RM can be detected anymore in the mixture P111.

[1324] <Example 112> Polymerizable mixture P112 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I2 to the nematic LC host mixture N1.

[1325] Tilt stability, i.e., the change in tilt angle after repeated electrical stress, is the criterion for assessing the risk of image sticking. A low value of tilt angle change indicates good tilt stability and a low risk of image sticking. To determine tilt stability, test cells containing mixtures P111 and P112 are prepared, and the monomers are polymerized in two UV steps as described above to generate the tilt angle. The test cells are then subjected to 40 V PP The backlight unit is electrically stressed for 168 hours with a square wave at 60 Hz. After a relaxation period of 5-10 minutes, the tilt angle is measured using an Otsuka Electronics T_RETS-10 system. The change in tilt angle, Δtilt, is determined according to equation (1).

[1326]

number

[1327] The lower the value of Δtilt, the higher the tilt stability.

[1328] The results are shown in Table 112.1.

[1329] Table 112.1 - Tilt Stability

[1330] [Table 173]

[1331] It can be seen that the polymerizable mixtures P111 and P112 containing monomer I2 exhibit good tilt stability.

[1332] <Example 113> Polymerizable mixture P113 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I2 to the nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1333] <Example 114> Polymerizable mixture P114 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I2 to the nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1334] <Example 115> Polymerizable mixture P115 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I2 and 0.05% of compound IC45 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1335] <Example 116> Polymerizable mixture P116 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I2 and 0.05% of compound IC45 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1336] The residual RM content after UV photopolymerization is determined for mixtures P113-P116 as described in Example 111. The results are shown in Table 116.1.

[1337] <Table 116.1-Residual RM>

[1338] [Table 174]

[1339] nd is not detectable.

[1340] It can be seen that in all polymerizable mixtures P113 to P116 containing monomer I2 and in some cases also monomer IC45, the residual content of monomer after polymerization decreases very rapidly and after 1.25 hours no residual RM can be detected in the mixtures anymore.

[1341] <Example 117> Polymerizable mixture P117 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I2 to the nematic LC host mixture N3.

[1342] <Example 118> Polymerizable mixture P118 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I2 and 0.05% of compound IC45 to nematic LC host mixture N3.

[1343] <Example 119> Polymerizable mixture P119 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBD6 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N1.

[1344] <Example 120> Polymerizable mixture P120 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.3% of compound IBD23 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1345] <Example 121> Polymerizable mixture P121 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IA1, 0.05% of compound IC45 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1346] <Example 122> Polymerizable mixture P122 is prepared by adding 0.9% chiral dopant S-4011, 0.3% compound I2, 0.2% compound IA1, 0.05% compound IC45 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1347] <Example 123> Polymerizable mixture P123 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.3% of compound IBD4 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1348] <Example 124> Polymerizable mixture P124 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBD3 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3c-1 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1349] <Example 125> Polymerizable mixture P125 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IA1 and 0.5% of SA additive SA23 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1350] <Example 126> Polymerizable mixture P126 is prepared by adding 0.6% of compound I2, 0.5% of SA additive SA32 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N72.

[1351] <Example 127> Polymerizable mixture P127 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBD3 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N72.

[1352] <Example 128> Polymerizable mixture P128 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N73.

[1353] <Example 129> Polymerizable mixture P129 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.3% of compound IBD1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N73.

[1354] <Example 130> Polymerizable mixture P130 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBT1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N73.

[1355] <Example 131> Polymerizable mixture P131 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.3% of compound IBD1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N75.

[1356] <Example 132> Polymerizable mixture P132 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBD6 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N75.

[1357] <Example 133> Polymerizable mixture P133 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N87.

[1358] <Example 134> Polymerizable mixture P134 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I2, 0.15% of compound IBD1 and 200 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N87.

[1359] <Example 135> Polymerizable mixture P135 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N88.

[1360] <Example 136> Polymerizable mixture P136 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBD4 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N88.

[1361] <Example 137> Polymerizable mixture P137 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.1% of compound IBD1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N88.

[1362] <Example 138> Polymerizable mixture P138 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IA1 and 0.6% of SA additive SA23 to nematic LC host mixture N88.

[1363] <Example 139> Polymerizable mixture P139 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N89.

[1364] <Example 140> Polymerizable mixture P140 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I2, 0.15% of compound IBD1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N89.

[1365] <Example 141> Polymerizable mixture P141 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBD6 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N89.

[1366] <Example 142> Polymerizable mixture P142 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IA1 and 0.5% of SA additive SA32 to nematic LC host mixture N89.

[1367] <Example 143> Polymerizable mixture P143 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N90.

[1368] <Example 144> Polymerizable mixture P144 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.1% of compound IBD1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N90.

[1369] <Example 145> Polymerizable mixture P145 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N91.

[1370] <Example 146> Polymerizable mixture P146 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.1% of compound IBD1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N91.

[1371] <Example 147> Polymerizable mixture P147 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBD3 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N91.

[1372] <Example 148> Polymerizable mixture P148 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.1% of compound IA1, 0.05% of compound IC45 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N87.

[1373] <Example 149> Polymerizable mixture P149 is prepared by adding 0.9% chiral dopant S-4011, 0.3% compound I2, 0.2% compound IA1, 0.05% compound IC45 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N87.

[1374] <Example 150> Polymerizable mixture P150 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBD23 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N87.

[1375] <Example 151> Polymerizable mixture P151 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IBT35 and 200 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N87.

[1376] <Example 152> The nematic LC host mixture N92 is formulated as follows:

[1377] [Table 175]

[1378] Polymerizable mixture P152 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.685% of nematic LC host mixture N92.

[1379] <Example 153> The nematic LC host mixture N93 is formulated as follows:

[1380] [Table 176]

[1381] Polymerizable mixture P153 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to 99.685% of nematic LC host mixture N93.

[1382] <Example 154> The nematic LC host mixture N94 is formulated as follows:

[1383] [Table 177]

[1384] Polymerizable mixture P154 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.685% of nematic LC host mixture N94.

[1385] <Example 155> The nematic LC host mixture N95 is formulated as follows:

[1386] [Table 178]

[1387] Polymerizable mixture P155 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD6 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to 99.685% of nematic LC host mixture N95.

[1388] <Example 156> The nematic LC host mixture N96 is formulated as follows:

[1389] [Table 179]

[1390] Polymerizable mixture P156 is prepared by adding 0.4% of compound I2, 0.2% of compound IA1 and 0.5% of SA additive SA23 to nematic LC host mixture N2.

[1391] <Example 157> The nematic LC host mixture N97 is formulated as follows:

[1392] [Table 180]

[1393] Polymerizable mixture P157 is prepared by adding 0.35% of compound I2, 0.15% of compound IBD1 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N97.

[1394] <Example 158> The nematic LC host mixture N98 is formulated as follows:

[1395] [Table 181]

[1396] Polymerizable mixture P158 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I1 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N98.

[1397] <Example 159> The nematic LC host mixture N99 is formulated as follows:

[1398] [Table 182]

[1399] Polymerizable mixture P159 is prepared by adding 0.9% chiral dopant S-4011, 0.3% compound I1, 0.2% compound IA1, 0.05% compound IC45 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N99.

[1400] <Example 160> The nematic LC host mixture N100 is formulated as follows:

[1401] [Table 183]

[1402] Polymerizable mixture P160 is prepared by adding 0.2% of compound I2, 0.3% of compound IBD4 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 to nematic LC host mixture N100.

[1403] <Example 161> The nematic LC host mixture N101 is formulated as follows:

[1404] [Table 184]

[1405] Polymerizable mixture P161 is prepared by adding 0.45% of compound I1, 0.15% of compound IA1 and 0.05% of compound IC45 to nematic LC host mixture N101.

[1406] <Example 162> The nematic LC host mixture N102 is formulated as follows:

[1407] [Table 185]

[1408] Polymerizable mixture P162 is prepared by adding 0.5% of compound I2 and 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N102.

[1409] <Example 163> The nematic LC host mixture N103 is formulated as follows:

[1410] [Table 186]

[1411] Polymerizable mixture P163 is prepared by adding 0.3% of compound I1, 0.2% of compound IBD3 and 200 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to nematic LC host mixture N103.

[1412] <Example 164> The nematic LC host mixture N104 is formulated as follows:

[1413] [Table 187]

[1414] Polymerizable mixture P164 is prepared by adding 0.65% of compound I2 and 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the nematic LC host mixture N104.

Claims

1. LC medium comprising one or more polymerizable compounds of formula I and one or more compounds of formula II 【Chemistry 1】 wherein the individual radicals, each independently of one another, have the following meanings, which may be the same or different at each occurrence: P is a polymerizable group; Sp is a spacer group or a single bond; L is P, P-Sp-, OH, CH ２ OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ２ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R ｘ ) ２ , -C(=O)Y １ , -C(=O)R ｘ , -N(R ｘ ) ２ , optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms or linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms (provided that one or more H atoms may additionally be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-), or L Ａ and L Ａ is alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, very preferably methyl or ethyl, r1, r2, and r3 are 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; provided that compounds of formula I are Ａ and at least one group L representing R ２１ , R ２２ is H, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 20 C atoms (provided that there are one or more non-adjacent CH ２ The groups are each represented by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CR—, so that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other. ０ =CR ００ -, -C≡C-, 【Chemistry 2】 wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or CF ３ ), preferably alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms, R ０ , R ００ is H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, A １ , A ２ is a radical selected from the following formulae, preferably from the formulae A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A9 and A10, very preferably from the formulae A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A9 and A10, 【Transformation 3】 Z １ , Z ２ is -CH ２ CH ２ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C ２ F ４ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CH-CH ２ O— or a single bond, preferably a single bond; L １ , L ２ , L ３ , L ４ are F, Cl, OCF ３ , C.F. ３ , C.H. ３ , C.H. ２ F or CHF ２ , preferably F or Cl, very preferably F, Y is H, F, Cl, CF ３ , CHF ２ or CH ３ , preferably H or CH ３ , very preferably H, L Ｃ is CH ３ or OCH ３ , preferably CH ３ and a1 is 0, 1 or 2; a2 is 0 or 1.

2. LC medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound of formula I is selected from the following subformulae: 【Chemistry 4】 【Transformation 5】 【Transformation 6】 【Transformation 7】 wherein P and L have the meanings given in claim 1, Sp' has one of the meanings given for Sp in claim 1 which is different from a single bond, and at least one L is L as defined in claim 1. Ａ Represents.)

3. LC medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compound of formula I is selected from the following subformulae: 【Transformation 8】 【Chemistry 9】 【Chemistry 10】 【Chemistry 11】 【Chemistry 12】 【Chemistry 13】

4. LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of the following subformulae: 【Chemistry 14】 wherein the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have the following meaning independently of one another: R ２１ , R ２２ is H, an alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl group having up to 15 C atoms, provided that it is unsubstituted or is F, Cl, CN or CF ３ and in addition, one or more CH ２ The group is -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF so that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other. ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, 【Chemistry 15】 provided that in formula IID, R ２１ is different from cyclic alkyl or alkoxy, L １ ~L ４ are F, Cl, CF ３ or CHF ２ and Y is H, F, Cl, CF ３ , CHF ２ or CH ３ and Z ２ , Z ２ is a single bond, -CH ２ CH ２ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -COO-, -OCO-, -C ２ F ４ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CHCH ２ O-, p is 0, 1 or 2, and q is 0 or 1.

5. LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula III and / or IIIA. 【Chemistry 16】 【Chemistry 17】 wherein the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have the following meaning independently of one another: R ３１ , R ３２ is H, an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms, preferably having 1 to 7 C atoms, provided that one or more CH ２ The group is formed so that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other. [Chemistry 18] -C≡C-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH=CH-, -O-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-, provided that one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen; Y １ , Y ２ are H, F, Cl, and CF ３ , CHF ２ , C.H. ３ or OCH ３ , preferably H, CH ３ or OCH ３ , very preferably H; A ３ teeth, a) a 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, provided that one or two non-adjacent CH ２ The group may be replaced by —O— or —S—; b) a 1,4-phenylene group, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) a group selected from the group consisting of spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, and fluorene-2,7-diyl. and provided that groups a), b) and c) may be mono- or polysubstituted by halogen atoms; n is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0 or 1; Z ３ is -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -CH ２ -, -CH ２ CH ２ -, -(CH ２ ) ４ -, -CH=CH-CH ２ O-, -C ２ F ４ -, -CH ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CH ２ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, L ３１ and L ３２ are F, Cl, CF ３ or CHF ２ , preferably H or F, most preferably F; However, H may be replaced by deuterium.)

6. LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formula IV. 【Chemistry 19】 (In the formula, R ４１ is an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms (but in addition one or more CH ２ The base is 【Chemistry 20】 ) or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably an n-alkyl group, particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, and R ４２ represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 C atoms (both preferably having 2 to 5 C atoms), or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably having 2, 3 or 4 C atoms, more preferably a vinyl group or a 1-propenyl group, in particular a vinyl group.

7. LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more polymerizable compounds different from formula I, preferably selected from formula M. 【Chemistry 21】 wherein the individual radicals, each independently of one another, have the following meanings, which may be the same or different at each occurrence: P is a polymerizable group; Sp is a spacer group or a single bond, provided that L ａ may be substituted with R ａ , R ｂ are P, P-Sp-, H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ２ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, SF ５ or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that in addition there are one or more non-adjacent CH ２ The group is formed by -C(R) such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other. ０ ) = C(R ００ )-, -C≡C-, -N(R ００ ) -, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, each independently replaced by one or more H atoms, provided that in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I, CN, P or P-Sp-, provided that B １ and / or B ２ contains saturated C atoms, and R ａ and / or R ｂ may also represent a group spiro-linked to this saturated C atom, However, R ａ and R ｂ at least one group represents or contains a group P or P-Sp-, B １ , B ２ is an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, preferably having 4 to 25 ring atoms, which may also contain fused rings, and which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by L; Z ｍ is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH ２ -, -CH ２ O-, -SCH ２ -, -CH ２ S-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CF ２ S-, -SCF ２ -, -(CH ２ ) ｎ１ -, -CF ２ CH ２ -, -CH ２ CF ２ -, -(CF ２ ) ｎ１ -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -CH2CH2-CO-O-, O-CO-CH ２ -CH ２ -, -CR ０ R ００ - or a single bond, R ０ , R ００ is H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; n1 is 1, 2, 3 or 4; L is P, P-Sp-, OH, CH ２ OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ２ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R ｘ ) ２ , -C(=O)Y １ , -C(=O)R ｘ , -N(R ｘ ) ２ , optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms or linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-, Y １ is a halogen, R ｘ is P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms (but in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH ２ The group may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to one another, with the proviso that in addition one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-), an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 40 C atoms or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 C atoms.

8. 8. LC medium according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more polymerizable compounds different from formula I which are selected from the following formulae: 【Chemistry 22】 【Chemistry 23】 【Chemistry 24】 【Chemistry 25】 【Chemistry 26】 wherein the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have the following meaning independently of one another: P １ , P ２ , P ３ is a polymerizable group, preferably selected from vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxy, very preferably acrylate or methacrylate, Sp １ , Sp ２ , Sp ３ is a single bond or a spacer group, provided that in addition there is one or more groups P １ -Sp １ -, P ２ -Sp ２ - and P ３ -Sp ３ - is R Ｍ provided that any group P １ -Sp １ -, P ２ -Sp ２ - and P ３ -Sp ３ At least one of - is R Ｍ and preferably has one of the preferred meanings of Sp as given above, very preferably -(CH ２ ) ｐ１ -, -(CH ２ ) ｐ１ -O-, -(CH ２ ) ｐ１ -CO-O- or -(CH ２ ) ｐ１ -O-CO-O-, wherein p1 is an integer from 1 to 12; R Ｍ is H, F, Cl, CN or a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 25 carbon atoms (but in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH ２ The group is —C(R ) such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other. ０ ) = C(R ００ )-, -C≡C-, -N(R ０ )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, each independently replaced by one or more H atoms, provided that in addition one or more H atoms are replaced by F, Cl, CN or P １ -Sp １ -), particularly preferably linear or branched, mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, with the proviso that alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least 2 C atoms and branched groups have at least 3 C atoms, with the proviso that R ａａ is a base P １ , P ２ or P ３ does not represent or contain, R ０ , R ００ is H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R ｙ and R ｚ are H, F, and CH ３ or CF ３ and X １ , X ２ , X ３ is —CO—O—, —O—CO— or a single bond, Z Ｍ１ is -O-, -CO-, -C(R ｙ R ｚ ) - or -CF ２ CF ２ - and Z Ｍ２ , Z Ｍ３ is -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ - or - (CH ２ ) ｎ -, where n is 2, 3 or 4; L is F, Cl, CN or linear or branched, optionally monofluorinated or polyfluorinated, alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, L', L" are H, F or Cl; k is 0 or 1; r is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; s is 0, 1, 2 or 3; t is 0, 1 or 2; x is 0 or 1.

9. 9. LC medium according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises one or more polymerizable compounds of the formula M which, unlike the formula I, are selected from the formulae IA, IB and IC. 【Chemistry 27】 wherein the individual radicals, which are identical or different at each occurrence, each have the following meaning independently of one another: M １ , M ２ , M ３ are each independently a group selected from the following formulae: 【Chemistry 28】 provided that the benzene ring may be substituted by one or more groups L or P-Sp-; L is L ａ , L ｂ , F, Cl, —CN, P-Sp-, or linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH ２ In the group, O and / or S atoms may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- in such a way that they are not directly linked to one another, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by P, F or Cl, respectively; L ａ is -C(R ａａ ) (R ｂｂ ) OH, R ａａ , R ｂｂ is a straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 6 C atoms, L ｂ is straight-chain or branched alkenyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably 3 or 4 C atoms, provided that in the compound of formula IA, the group M １ and / or at least one spacer group Sp is L ａ is at least monosubstituted with provided that in the compound of formula IB, M ２ is formula 2, L is different from C2-C6-alkyl, and with the proviso that in the compound of formula IC, the group M ３ Is L ｂ is at least monosubstituted with

10. LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises one or more polymerizable compounds of formula IC which, contrary to formula I, are as defined in claim 9.

11. LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators and self-aligning additives.

12. 12. Process for preparing an LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of mixing one or more polymerisable compounds of formula I as defined in any one of claims 1, 2 and 3 with one or more compounds of formula II, III and / or IV as defined in any one of claims 1, 4, 5 and 6, optionally with one or more polymerisable compounds as defined in any one of claims 7, 8 and 9, and optionally with further liquid crystal compounds and / or additives, and optionally polymerising the polymerisable compounds.

13. LC display comprising an LC medium as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. 14. The LC display of claim 13 which is a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS, PS-UB-FFS or SA-VA display.

15. 15. An LC display according to claim 13 or 14, comprising two substrates, at least one of which is transparent to light, an electrode provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates, and a layer of an LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 11, arranged between the substrates, with the proviso that the polymerisable compound is polymerised by UV photopolymerisation between the substrates of the display.

16. 16. A method for producing an LC display according to claim 15, comprising the steps of providing an LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 11 between the substrates of a display and polymerising the polymerisable compound by irradiation with UV light, preferably whilst applying a voltage to the electrodes of the display.

17. Use of an LC medium according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or of an LC display according to any one of claims 13 to 15, or of the method according to claim 16, for an energy-saving LC display or for a method for producing an energy-saving LC display.

Images