Heating module, heating device, and gas introduction device

Abstract

To provide a heat generation module, a heat generation device, and a gas introduction device capable of causing a heating element to generate heat with a simple structure and at low cost.SOLUTION: The heat generation module 10 includes a hollow sealed container 16, a connection portion 17 that is detachably connected to an external device, a heat generator 18 that generates heat by storing and releasing hydrogen, and a heat source 19 that heats the heat generator 18. The external device includes a power supply device that supplies power to the heat source 19, and a gas introduction device that introduces a filler gas containing at least one of an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. The connection part 17 is connected to the heat source 19, and has a power supply connector 26 detachably connected to a power supply device, and a sealing valve 28 opening / closing the space 21 and detachably connected to a gas introduction device. The sealing valve 28 is closed to close the space 21. A heating element 18 storing hydrogen is provided in the closed space 21, and a filler gas is sealed therein.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a heat generating module, a heat generating device, and a gas introducing device. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, a heat generating device has been proposed that includes a container into which a hydrogen-based gas that contributes to heat generation is introduced, a heating element provided inside the container, and a heater that heats the heating element (see Patent Document 1). The container is connected to a hydrogen-based gas inlet path having a tank for storing the hydrogen-based gas and an exhaust path having a dry pump. The heating element includes a base made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a proton conductor, and a multilayer film formed on the surface of the base. The multilayer film has a laminated structure in which a first layer made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm and a second layer made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a ceramic that is different from the first layer and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm. An interface between different materials is formed between the first layer and the second layer. In the heat generating device of Patent Document 1, a hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the container to cause the heating element to absorb hydrogen, and then the container is evacuated and the heating element is heated, causing hydrogen to permeate the interface between different materials in the heating element by quantum diffusion, or to diffuse through the interface between different materials by quantum diffusion, causing the heating element to generate excess heat. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2018 / 230447 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The heat generating device of Patent Document 1 required a mechanism for evacuating the space inside the container and a mechanism for causing the heat generating element to absorb hydrogen. The mechanism for causing the heat generating element to generate heat complicates the structure of the device and increases manufacturing costs.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a heat generating module, a heat generating device, and a gas introducing device that can generate heat from a heat generating element with a simple structure and at low cost. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The heat generating module according to the present invention comprises a hollow sealed container, a connector that can be detachably connected to an external device, a heat generating element that generates heat by absorbing and releasing hydrogen, and a heat source that heats the heat generating element, wherein the heat generating element has a support formed of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a proton conductor, and a multilayer film provided on the support, the multilayer film having a first layer that is formed of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy and has a thickness of less than 1000 nm, and a second layer that is formed of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a ceramic that is different from the first layer and has a thickness of less than 1000 nm, and the external device The device includes a power supply device that supplies power to the heat source, and a gas introduction device that introduces a sealed gas containing at least one of an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas containing the hydrogen into the space inside the sealed container, the connection part being connected to the heat source and having a power connector that is detachably connected to the power supply device, and a sealing valve that opens and closes the space and is detachably connected to the gas introduction device, the sealing valve being closed to block the space, and the closed space containing the heating element that has absorbed the hydrogen, and the sealed space being filled with the sealed gas.

[0007] A heat generating device according to the present invention includes the heat generating module described above, and a power supply device connected to the power connector and supplying power to the heat source.

[0008] The gas introduction device of the present invention comprises a gas introduction flow path that is detachably connected to the sealing valve of the heat generating module, a gas storage section that is connected to the gas introduction flow path and stores the sealed gas, and a gas introduction valve that is provided in the gas introduction flow path and opens and closes the gas introduction flow path, and when the sealing valve and the gas introduction valve are opened, the sealed gas is introduced from the gas storage section through the gas introduction flow path into the space of the sealed container. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to make a heating element generate heat with a simple structure and at low cost. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a configuration of a heat utilization system including a heat generating device. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of a heat generating module. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the heat generating module. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a heating element. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a case where heat generation control and hydrogen absorption control are repeatedly performed. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the configuration of a gas introducing device. [Figure 7A] 10 is a graph showing the transition of input power and heater temperature in Reference Experiment 1. [Figure 7B] 10 is a graph showing a calibration curve obtained from input power and heater temperature in Reference Experiment 1. [Figure 8A] 10 is a graph showing the transition of input power and excess heat in Experiment 1. [Figure 8B] 10 is a graph showing the temperature dependency of excess heat on heater temperature. [Figure 9A] 10 is a graph showing the transition of input power and heater temperature in Reference Experiment 2. [Figure 9B]10 is a graph showing a calibration curve obtained from input power and heater temperature in Reference Experiment 2. [Figure 10] 10 is a graph showing the transition of input power and excess heat in Experiment 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description and drawings, common components are designated by common reference numerals. Descriptions of components designated by common reference numerals will be omitted as appropriate.

[0012] In FIG. 1, the heat utilization system 1 includes a heat medium container 2 to which a heat medium is supplied, a heat generating device 3 that is detachably attached to the heat medium container 2 and heats the heat medium, and a heat utilization device 4 that uses the heat medium heated by the heat generating device 3 as a heat source.

[0013] The heat medium container 2 has heat insulating properties and pressure resistance. The heat medium container 2 is made of, for example, stainless steel or heat-resistant non-ferrous alloy steel. The material used for the heat medium container 2 depends on the operating temperature; for example, stainless steel is used when the operating temperature is up to about 700°C, and heat-resistant non-ferrous alloy steel is used when the operating temperature exceeds 700°C.

[0014] A plurality of heat-generating modules 10 constituting a heat-generating device 3 (described later) are arranged inside the heat medium container 2. A heat medium is supplied between the inner surface of the heat medium container 2 and the outer surfaces of the plurality of heat-generating modules 10. The heat medium container 2 has, for example, an attachment portion to which the plurality of heat-generating modules 10 are detachably attached, an inlet through which the heat medium flows in, and an outlet through which the heat medium flows out. The inlet is connected to a heat medium supplying device. The heat medium supplying device supplies the heat medium to the heat medium container 2 via the inlet. The outlet is connected to a heat medium discharging device. The heat medium discharging device discharges the heat medium from the heat medium container 2 via the outlet. The heat medium supplying device and the heat medium discharging device may be connected by piping, and the heat medium may be configured to circulate between the heat medium container 2, the heat medium supplying device, and the heat medium discharging device.

[0015] The heat medium is heated by the heating device 3. The temperature of the heat medium rises inside the heat medium container 2. The temperature of the heat medium heated by the heating device 3 reaches, for example, a range of 50°C to 1500°C. The heat medium can be a gas or a liquid, and one with excellent thermal conductivity and chemical stability is preferred. Examples of gases that can be used include helium gas, argon gas, hydrogen gas, nitrogen gas, water vapor, air, and carbon dioxide. Examples of liquids that can be used include water, molten salts (e.g., KNO3 (40%)-NaNO3 (60%)), and liquid metals (e.g., Pb). Alternatively, a multiphase heat medium, in which solid particles are dispersed in a gas or liquid, may be used. Examples of solid particles include metals, metal compounds, alloys, and ceramics. Examples of metals include Cu, Ni, Ti, and Co. Examples of metal compounds include oxides, nitrides, and silicides of the above metals. Examples of alloys include stainless steel and chromium-molybdenum steel. Examples of ceramics include alumina.

[0016] The following describes an example of the configuration of the heat-utilization device 4. The heat-utilization device 4 includes a containment vessel 4a, piping 4b, a power generation unit 4c, a pressure pump 4d, and a flow control valve 4e.

[0017] The containment vessel 4a contains the heat medium vessel 2. The containment vessel 4a has an inlet 4a1 through which a fluid flows in and an outlet 4a2 through which the fluid flows out. The fluid is not particularly limited and is selected appropriately depending on the application. For example, the fluid may be selected from those used as heat mediums.

[0018] The pipe 4b circulates a fluid between the inside and outside of the containment vessel 4a. One end of the pipe 4b is connected to the inlet 4a1, and the other end is connected to the outlet 4a2.

[0019] The power generation unit 4c is provided in the piping 4b and generates power based on the fluid heated by the heat medium inside the containment vessel 4a. The power generation unit 4c is configured with, for example, a gas turbine, a steam turbine, a Stirling engine, an ORCS (Organic Rankine Cycle System), etc. The fluid whose heat has been utilized in the power generation unit 4c flows out of the power generation unit 4c and flows into the pressure pump 4d.

[0020] The pressure pump 4d is provided on the pipe 4b downstream of the power generation unit 4c, and sends the fluid supplied from the power generation unit 4c toward the containment vessel 4a at a predetermined pressure. For example, a metal bellows pump is used as the pressure pump 4d.

[0021] The flow control valve 4e is provided on the pipe 4b downstream of the pressure pump 4d, and adjusts the flow rate of the fluid flowing from the pressure pump 4d toward the containment vessel 4a. For example, a variable leak valve is used as the flow control valve 4e.

[0022] The heat utilization device 4 is not limited to a configuration including a power generation unit 4c and may include, for example, a heat exchanger. Examples of heat exchangers include devices that exchange heat between a heat medium and a gas, devices that exchange heat between a heat medium and a liquid, and devices that exchange heat between a heat medium and a solid. Devices that exchange heat between a heat medium and a gas are used for air conditioning, preheating air to be supplied to combustion devices, and generating hot air for drying or heating. Examples of combustion devices include boilers, rotary kilns, metal heat treatment furnaces, metal processing heating furnaces, hot air stoves, ceramic kilns, oil refineries, carbonization furnaces, and drying furnaces. Devices that exchange heat between a heat medium and a liquid are used as a heat source for boilers, oil heaters, and chemical reaction tanks. Devices that exchange heat between a heat medium and a solid are used in double-pipe rotary heaters and for heating particulate matter in double pipes. The heat utilization device 4 may also be a thermoelectric element that converts thermal energy from the heat generation device 3 into electrical energy via a fluid or heat medium.

[0023] The heat generating device 3 includes a heat generating module 10, a power supply device 11, and a control unit 12. In this embodiment, the heat generating device 3 includes a plurality of heat generating modules 10 (three in FIG. 1), but it is sufficient if the heat generating device 3 includes one or more heat generating modules 10. The number of heat generating modules 10 in the heat generating device 3 can be increased or decreased so as to obtain a desired output.

[0024] The heat generating modules 10 have the same configuration. One heat generating module 10 will be described, and descriptions of the other heat generating modules 10 will be omitted.

[0025] 2, heat generating module 10 includes a hollow sealed container 16, a connection part 17 detachably connected to an external device, a heat generating element 18 that generates heat by absorbing and releasing hydrogen, a heat source 19 that heats heat generating element 18, and a temperature sensor 20 that detects the temperature of heat generating element 18. The external device is a device provided outside heat generating module 10 and includes a power supply device 11 and a gas introduction device. When supplying power to heat source 19, heat generating module 10 has connection part 17 connected to power supply device 11 as an external device, and when introducing a sealed gas into space 21 inside sealed container 16, connection part 17 is connected to the gas introduction device as an external device. Heat generating device 3 is configured by connecting connection part 17 to power supply device 11 as an external device.

[0026] The sealed container 16 is heat-resistant and pressure-resistant. The sealed container 16 is made of, for example, stainless steel, heat-resistant non-ferrous alloy steel, or the like. A material appropriate for the operating temperature is used for the sealed container 16. For example, stainless steel is used when the operating temperature is up to about 700°C, and heat-resistant non-ferrous alloy steel is used when the operating temperature exceeds 700°C. The sealed container 16 includes, for example, a cylindrical main body 16a with a bottom and a lid 16b that closes the opening of the main body 16a. The opening of the main body 16a is airtightly closed by the lid 16b, thereby defining a space 21 inside the sealed container 16. The shape of the sealed container 16 is not particularly limited, and may be a cylindrical, elliptical, rectangular, spherical, or the like. In this embodiment, the sealed container 16 is formed in a cylindrical shape.

[0027] The connection part 17 is provided on the sealed container 16. In Fig. 2, the connection part 17 is provided on the lid part 16b of the sealed container 16. The connection part 17 is not limited to being provided on the lid part 16b, and may be provided on the main body 16a.

[0028] The connection portion 17 includes a power connector 26 , a signal connector 27 and a sealing valve 28 .

[0029] The power connector 26 is connected to the heat source 19 and is detachably connected to the power supply device 11. The power connector 26 electrically connects the heat source 19 and the power supply device 11. Electric power from the power supply device 11 is supplied to the heat source 19 via the power connector 26.

[0030] The signal connector 27 is connected to the temperature sensor 20 and is detachably connected to the control unit 12. The signal connector 27 electrically connects the temperature sensor 20 and the control unit 12. A signal from the temperature sensor 20 is input to the control unit 12 via the signal connector 27.

[0031] The sealing valve 28 is configured to open and close the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, and is detachably connected to a gas introducing device. When the sealing valve 28 is closed, the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 is closed, and when the sealing valve 28 is opened, the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 is opened. As the sealing valve 28, for example, an electromagnetic valve, an air valve, or the like is used.

[0032] The heating element 18 is provided in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. The heating element 18 is cylindrical and has a central axis CL. The axial direction of the heating element 18 is along the central axis CL, the radial direction is perpendicular to the axial direction, and the circumferential direction is around the central axis CL. In this embodiment, the heating element 18 is cylindrical and has a uniform diameter throughout its entire axial length. Note that "uniform" includes not only strictly uniform but also nearly uniform, i.e., variations within the spirit of the invention. The shape of the heating element 18 is not limited to a cylindrical shape and may be other appropriate shapes such as an elliptical cylindrical shape or a rectangular cylindrical shape. If the shape of the heating element 18 is other than cylindrical, the diameter of the heating element 18 is the diameter of the circumscribing circle or the inscribing circle of the heating element 18.

[0033] As shown in Fig. 3, the heat generating elements 18 are arranged in a plurality at intervals from one another in the radial direction. That is, the heat generating module 10 includes a plurality of heat generating elements 18 arranged in a concentric pattern around the central axis CL. In this embodiment, the heat generating module 10 includes a plurality of heat generating elements 18 (four in Fig. 3), but it is sufficient if the heat generating module 10 includes one or more heat generating elements 18. The detailed configuration of the heat generating elements 18 will be described later using another drawing.

[0034] The heat source 19 is cylindrical and extends along the central axis CL of the heating element 18. The heat source 19 is disposed radially inside the heating element 18 and is surrounded by the heating element 18. In the heat source 19, the axial direction is the direction along the central axis CL, the radial direction is the direction perpendicular to the axial direction, and the circumferential direction is the direction around the central axis CL. In this embodiment, the heat source 19 is formed in a cylindrical shape and has a uniform diameter over its entire axial length. The shape of the heat source 19 is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be any other appropriate shape, such as an elliptical cylindrical shape or a rectangular cylindrical shape. If the shape of the heat source 19 is other than cylindrical, the diameter of the heat source 19 is the diameter of the circumscribing circle or the inscribing circle of the heat source 19.

[0035] Heat source 19 is an electric heater that generates heat when power is supplied from power supply device 11. As the electric heater, a sheath heater, a ceramic heater, a lamp heater, etc. The power supplied from power supply device 11 to heat source 19 is controlled by control unit 12.

[0036] Heat source 19 has heat generating portion 19a that generates heat when power is supplied, and lead wire 19b that connects heat generating portion 19a to power connector 26 (see FIG. 2). Heat generating portion 19a forms the outer peripheral surface of heat source 19. Heat generating portion 19a is electrically connected to power supply device 11 (see FIG. 1) via lead wire 19b and power connector 26.

[0037] The heat source 19 is provided on a support (not shown) provided inside the sealed container 16. The support is configured to integrally support the heat source 19 and the plurality of heating elements 18.

[0038] The temperature sensor 20 has a temperature sensing part 20a that detects the temperature of the heating element 18, and a lead wire 20b that connects the temperature sensing part 20a to the power connector 26. The temperature sensing part 20a is provided on the heating element 18. The temperature sensing part 20a is formed of, for example, a thermocouple. The temperature sensor 20 outputs a detection signal that specifies the detected temperature. The temperature sensing part 20a is not limited to being provided on the heating element 18, and may also be provided on the heat source 19.

[0039] The configuration of the heating element 18 will be described. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the heating element 18. As shown in FIG. 4, the heating element 18 includes a support 61 (also referred to as a base) made of a hydrogen-storing metal, a hydrogen-storing alloy, or a proton conductor, and a multilayer film 62 provided on the support 61. The multilayer film 62 includes a first layer 71 made of a hydrogen-storing metal or a hydrogen-storing alloy and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm, and a second layer 72 made of a hydrogen-storing metal, a hydrogen-storing alloy, or a ceramic different from the first layer 71 and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm. Interfaces 73 of different materials are formed between the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 and between the support 61 and the multilayer film 62. Hydrogen atoms pass through the interfaces 73 of different materials. The heating element 18 generates excess heat when hydrogen atoms pass through the interfaces 73 of different materials by quantum diffusion or when hydrogen atoms diffuse through the interfaces 73 of different materials by quantum diffusion. Heating elements disclosed in International Publication WO2018 / 21647, International Publication WO2020 / 122097, International Publication WO2020 / 122098, etc. can be used as heating element 18. The detailed configuration, function, and manufacturing method of heating element 18 are the same as those disclosed in International Publication WO2018 / 21647, International Publication WO2020 / 122097, International Publication WO2020 / 122098, etc., and therefore will not be described here.

[0040] In Figure 4, the multilayer film 62 is configured to be laminated on one side (e.g., the front side) of the support 61, but this is not limited to this, and the multilayer film 62 may be configured to be laminated on the other side (e.g., the back side) of the support 61, or the multilayer film 62 may be configured to be laminated on both sides (the front and back sides) of the support 61.

[0041] In the heat generating module 10, a hydrogen-absorbing heat generating element 18 is provided in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, which is sealed by closing the sealing valve 28. The space 21 is filled with a sealed gas containing at least one of an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen. Examples of the inert gas include Ar gas, He gas, Kr gas, Xe gas, N2 gas, and a mixture thereof. The hydrogen-based gas is a gas containing a hydrogen isotope. The hydrogen-based gas is at least one of deuterium gas and hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas includes a naturally occurring mixture of hydrogen and deuterium, i.e., a mixture in which the abundance ratio of hydrogen is 99.985% and the abundance ratio of deuterium is 0.015%. In this embodiment, the sealed gas includes an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas.

[0042] The power supply device 11 is provided outside the heat generating module 10 (see FIG. 1). The power supply device 11 is a type of external device provided outside the heat generating module 10.

[0043] The power supply device 11 is detachably connected to a power connector of the heat generating module 10. The power supply device 11 supplies power to the heat source 19 (see FIG. 2) via the power connector .

[0044] The control unit 12 is configured to control the power supplied from the power supply device 11 to the heat source 19 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The control unit 12 is electrically connected to the power supply device 11 and the temperature sensor 20. The control unit 12 outputs a control signal that controls the operation of the power supply device 11. The power supply device 11 operates based on the control signal input from the control unit 12.

[0045] The control unit 12 includes a microprocessor (MPU) that performs calculations based on application programs stored in read-only memory (ROM) or other storage units, and a random access memory (RAM) that temporarily stores programs and data during calculations.

[0046] The control unit 12 performs heat generation control, which causes the heating element 18 to generate heat by supplying a first power from the power supply device 11 to the heat source 19, and hydrogen absorption control, which causes the heating element 18 to absorb hydrogen by supplying a second power smaller than the first power from the power supply device 11 to the heat source 19. The first power is power for keeping the heating element 18 within a temperature range optimum for heat generation (e.g., not less than 50°C and not more than 1500°C). The second power is power for keeping the heating element 18 within a temperature range in which hydrogen absorption is possible (e.g., not less than 200°C and less than 400°C).

[0047] As shown in FIG. 5, the control unit 12 repeatedly performs heat generation control and hydrogen absorption control. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the power supplied to the heat source 19 (referred to as input power) and the heat generation amount of the heating element 18. The heat generation amount is indicated by a solid line, and the input power is indicated by a dotted line. FIG. 5 shows an example in which the control is switched in the order of hydrogen absorption control, heat generation control, hydrogen absorption control, and heat generation control. The control unit 12 performs heat generation control when the operation of the heat generation device 3 is started, and then performs hydrogen absorption control after this heat generation control. The control unit 12 is not limited to performing heat generation control when the operation of the heat generation device 3 is started, and may also perform hydrogen absorption control when the operation of the heat generation device 3 is started, and then perform heat generation control after this hydrogen absorption control.

[0048] In the heat generation control, a first power P1 is supplied from the power supply device 11 to the heat source 19. The temperature of the heat source 19 rises. As the temperature of the heat source 19 rises, the temperature of the heating element 18 rises. The heating element 18 generates excess heat by being at an optimal temperature for heat generation. As the excess heat is generated, the heating element 18 gradually releases hydrogen from within the heating element 18. The hydrogen released from the heating element 18 remains in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. As the hydrogen is released, the amount of heat generated by the heating element 18 decreases. The temperature of the heating element 18 drops. The control unit 12 is configured to switch from the heat generation control to the hydrogen absorption control. An example of a method for switching from the heat generation control to the hydrogen absorption control will be described. Based on a detection signal input from the temperature sensor 20, the control unit 12 switches from the heat generation control to the hydrogen absorption control when the temperature of the heating element 18, which is generating heat through the heat generation control, falls below a specific temperature. The specific temperature is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 300°C.

[0049] In the hydrogen absorption control, a second power P2 is supplied from the power supply device 11 to the heat source 19. The temperature of the heat source 19 decreases. As the temperature of the heat source 19 decreases, the temperature of the heating element 18 decreases. The heating element 18 is heated to a temperature at which hydrogen can be absorbed, thereby absorbing hydrogen present in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. Hydrogen is refilled into the heating element 18, and the heating element 18 is reactivated. The control unit 12 is configured to switch from hydrogen absorption control to heat generation control. An example of a method for switching from hydrogen absorption control to heat generation control will be described. The control unit 12 has a timer, and switches from hydrogen absorption control to heat generation control when a specific time has elapsed since the control unit 12 switched from heat generation control to hydrogen absorption control. The specific time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 3 to 12 hours. The specific time may be a time long enough to allow the heating element 18 to absorb hydrogen sufficiently, and may be set appropriately depending on the temperature, pressure, structure of the heating element 18, etc.

[0050] A description will be given of a configuration for introducing the sealed gas into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. When the sealed gas is introduced into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, the connection part 17 of the heat generating module 10 and the power supply device 11 as an external device are separated.

[0051] 6, the heat generating module 10 is connected to a gas introducing device 30. The gas introducing device 30 is a type of external device provided outside the heat generating module 10.

[0052] The gas introducing device 30 includes a gas introduction flow path 31, a gas storage unit 32, and a gas introduction valve 33. The gas introduction flow path 31 is detachably connected to the sealing valve 28 of the heat generating module 10. The gas storage unit 32 is connected to the gas introduction flow path 31 and stores a filler gas containing at least one of an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen. The gas introduction valve 33 is provided in the gas introduction flow path 31 and opens and closes the gas introduction flow path 31. The gas introducing device 30 is configured to introduce the filler gas from the gas storage unit 32 through the gas introduction flow path 31 into the space 21 of the sealed container 16 by opening the sealing valve 28 and the gas introduction valve 33.

[0053] The gas storage unit 32 has an inert gas storage unit 32a and a hydrogen-based gas storage unit 32b. The inert gas storage unit 32a stores an inert gas. The hydrogen-based gas storage unit 32b stores a hydrogen-based gas. The gas storage unit 32 may have multiple inert gas storage units 32a depending on the type of inert gas.

[0054] The gas introduction channel 31 has a main channel 31a, an inert gas channel 31b, and a hydrogen-based gas channel 31c. The main channel 31a is detachably connected to the sealing valve 28. The inert gas channel 31b connects the main channel 31a to the inert gas storage section 32a. The hydrogen-based gas channel 31c connects the main channel 31a to the hydrogen-based gas storage section 32b. The main channel 31a is provided with a flow control valve 34 and a pressure gauge 35. The flow control valve 34 opens and closes the main channel 31a. The flow rate of the gas flowing through the main channel 31a can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the flow control valve 34. The pressure gauge 35 detects the pressure of the gas flowing through the main channel 31a.

[0055] The gas introduction valve 33 has an inert gas valve 33a and a hydrogen-based gas valve 33b. The inert gas valve 33a is provided in the inert gas flow path 31b. The inert gas valve 33a opens and closes the inert gas flow path 31b. For example, an electromagnetic valve, an air valve, or the like is used as the inert gas valve 33a. The hydrogen-based gas valve 33b is provided in the hydrogen-based gas flow path 31c. The hydrogen-based gas valve 33b opens and closes the hydrogen-based gas flow path 31c. For example, an electromagnetic valve, an air valve, or the like is used as the hydrogen-based gas valve 33b.

[0056] The gas introduction device 30 introduces an inert gas from the inert gas storage section 32a into the space 21 of the sealed container 16 via the inert gas flow path 31b and the main flow path 31a by opening the sealing valve 28 and the inert gas valve 33a and closing the hydrogen-based gas valve 33b.

[0057] The gas introduction device 30 introduces hydrogen-based gas from the hydrogen-based gas storage section 32b into the space 21 of the sealed container 16 via the hydrogen-based gas flow path 31c and the main flow path 31a by opening the sealing valve 28 and the hydrogen-based gas valve 33b and closing the inert gas valve 33a.

[0058] An example of a manufacturing method for the heat generating module 10 will be described. First, the heat generating element 18 is prepared. The sealed container 16 is opened, and the heat generating element 18 is placed inside the sealed container 16. The heat generating element 18 is positioned so as to cover the heat source 19. The sealed container 16 is sealed. The connection part 17 is connected to activation treatment equipment (not shown). The activation treatment equipment is equipment for performing an activation treatment that activates the heat generating element 18 so that it generates heat when the temperature of the heat generating element 18 reaches a temperature range optimal for heat generation. The activation treatment equipment includes, for example, a power supply device that supplies power to the heat source 19, a vacuum exhaust unit that evacuates the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, a hydrogen-based gas inlet unit that introduces a hydrogen-based gas into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, and an inert gas inlet unit that introduces an inert gas into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16.

[0059] The power connector 26 is connected to the power supply, and the sealing valve 28 is connected to the vacuum exhaust unit. The sealing valve 28 is opened and the vacuum exhaust unit is activated. The space 21 inside the sealed container 16 is evacuated. The vacuum exhaust unit is stopped, the sealing valve 28 is closed, and the power supply is activated. Power is supplied from the power supply to the heat source 19 via the power connector 26. The temperature of the heat source 19's heat generating part 19a increases as a result of the power supply. The heating element 18 is heated by the heat from the heat source 19. The temperature of the heating element 18 increases, and moisture is removed from the heating element 18.

[0060] The power supply is stopped, the sealing valve 28 is separated from the vacuum exhaust unit, and the sealing valve 28 is connected to the hydrogen-based gas inlet unit. The sealing valve 28 is opened, and the hydrogen-based gas inlet unit is driven. The hydrogen-based gas is introduced into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. The space 21 inside the sealed container 16 is filled with the hydrogen-based gas. The heating element 18 absorbs hydrogen.

[0061] The operation of the hydrogen-based gas inlet section is stopped, and the sealing valve 28 is closed. The sealing valve 28 and the hydrogen-based gas inlet section are separated, and the sealing valve 28 and the inert gas inlet section are connected. The sealing valve 28 is opened, and the inert gas inlet section is operated. Inert gas is introduced into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. The space 21 inside the sealed container 16 is filled with inert gas. The operation of the inert gas inlet section is stopped, and the sealing valve 28 is closed. The power connector 26 is separated from the power supply, and the sealing valve 28 is separated from the inert gas inlet section. In this way, a heating module 10 is obtained in which a heating element 18 that has occluded hydrogen is provided in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, and in which a filler gas is sealed.

[0062] In this example, a hydrogen-based gas is introduced into space 21 inside sealed container 16, and then an inert gas is introduced, thereby sealing a filler gas containing an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas in space 21, but a filler gas containing an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas may be sealed in space 21 by introducing an inert gas into space 21 and then a hydrogen-based gas. Alternatively, after introducing the hydrogen-based gas into space 21, space 21 may be evacuated to discharge the hydrogen-based gas from space 21, and then the inert gas may be introduced into space 21 from which the hydrogen-based gas has been discharged, thereby sealing a filler gas consisting of an inert gas in space 21.

[0063] The operation and effects of the heat generating module 10 according to this embodiment will be described.

[0064] Heat generating module 10 has heating element 18 that stores hydrogen and is filled with a gas in space 21 inside sealed container 16. Heat generating module 10 constitutes heating device 3 by connecting power connector 26 of connection part 17 to power supply device 11 as an external device.

[0065] The control unit 12 controls heat generation when the heat generating device 3 starts operating. A first power is supplied from the power supply device 11 to the heat source 19, causing the temperature of the heat generating portion 19a of the heat source 19 to rise. Since the sealed container 16 is filled with a gas, heat from the heat source 19 is transferred to the heat generating elements 18 by radiation, thermal conduction, and convection. The multiple heat generating elements 18 efficiently rise in temperature by radiation, thermal conduction, and convection. The sealed gas flows through the gaps between adjacent heat generating elements 18, thereby suppressing the temperature difference between the heat generating elements 18 closest to the heat source 19 and the heat generating elements 18 farthest from the heat source 19. The temperature distribution of the multiple heat generating elements 18 in the radial direction is made uniform. The temperatures of the multiple heat generating elements 18 are set to any temperature within a temperature range optimal for heat generation. The heat generating elements 18 emit hydrogen. Specifically, hydrogen atoms that have penetrated into the multilayer film 62 due to the activation process return to the surface of the multilayer film 62, recombine, and are released as hydrogen molecules. As a result, the hydrogen atoms pass through the dissimilar material interface 73 by quantum diffusion, or the hydrogen atoms diffuse through the dissimilar material interface 73 by quantum diffusion, causing the heating element 18 to generate heat (excess heat).

[0066] In the heat medium container 2, heat is transferred from the heat generation module 10 of the heat generation device 3 to the heat medium, causing the temperature of the heat medium to rise. Specifically, in the heat generation module 10, a sealed gas is sealed in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, so that heat (excess heat) from the heat generation element 18 is transferred to the sealed container 16 by radiation, thermal conduction, and convection. The sealed container 16 is efficiently heated by radiation, thermal conduction, and convection. The heat medium is heated by flowing along the outer surface of the sealed container 16 heated by the heat generation element 18. The heat from the heat generation element 18 is transferred to the heat medium via the sealed container 16, and a high-temperature heat medium is generated. The thermal energy of the high-temperature heat medium generated in the heat medium container 2 is consumed in the heat utilization device 4. In this way, the heat from the heat generation element 18 can be efficiently transferred to the heat medium and recovered.

[0067] As excess heat is generated, the heating element 18 gradually releases hydrogen. As the amount of hydrogen stored inside the heating element 18 decreases, the amount of heat generated by the heating element 18 decreases, and the temperature of the heating element 18 drops.

[0068] The control unit 12 switches from heat generation control to hydrogen absorption control when the temperature of the heating element 18 reaches a specific temperature. A second power is supplied from the power supply device 11 to the heat source 19, causing the temperature of the heating portion 19a of the heat source 19 to decrease. As the temperature of the heating portion 19a of the heat source 19 decreases, the temperatures of the multiple heating elements 18 decrease efficiently through radiation, thermal conduction, and convection. The sealed gas flows through the gaps between adjacent heating elements 18, thereby suppressing the temperature difference between the heating elements 18 closest to the heat source 19 and the heating elements 18 farthest from the heat source 19. The temperature distribution in the radial direction of the multiple heating elements 18 is made uniform. The temperatures of the multiple heating elements 18 are set to any temperature within a temperature range in which hydrogen can be absorbed. The heating elements 18 absorb hydrogen. By refilling the heating elements 18 with hydrogen in this manner, the heating elements 18 can be reactivated.

[0069] The control unit 12 switches from the hydrogen absorption control to the heat generation control when a specific time has elapsed since the control was switched from the heat generation control to the hydrogen absorption control. By performing the heat generation control, the power supply device 11 supplies a first electric power to the heat source 19, the temperature of the heat generation portion 19a of the heat source 19 rises, the temperature of the heat generation element 18 becomes the optimum temperature for heat generation, and the heat generation element 18 generates heat (excess heat). The control unit 12 repeatedly performs the heat generation control and the hydrogen absorption control.

[0070] The heat generating module 10 is configured to be connected to a gas introduction device 30 as an external device, thereby allowing the introduction of a sealed gas into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. A sealing valve 28 of the connection portion 17 of the heat generating module 10 is connected to a gas introduction flow path 31 of the gas introduction device 30. The sealing valve 28 and the hydrogen-based gas valve 33b are opened, and the inert gas valve 33a is closed, and hydrogen-based gas is introduced from the hydrogen-based gas storage portion 32b through the hydrogen-based gas flow path 31c and the main flow path 31a into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. By adjusting the opening of the flow rate control valve 34, the hydrogen-based gas can be introduced at a predetermined pressure (e.g., 250 Pa). The space 21 inside the sealed container 16 is filled with the hydrogen-based gas. The heat generating element 18 occludes hydrogen.

[0071] The hydrogen-based gas valve 33b is closed, the inert gas valve 33a is opened, and the inert gas is introduced from the inert gas reservoir 32a through the inert gas flow path 31b and the main flow path 31a into the space 21 of the sealed container 16. The space 21 of the sealed container 16 is filled with a filler gas containing a hydrogen-based gas and an inert gas. By adjusting the opening of the flow control valve 34, the inert gas is introduced at a predetermined pressure, and the pressure in the space 21 can be set to a predetermined pressure (e.g., 90 kPa). The sealing valve 28 and the inert gas valve 33a are closed, and the sealing valve 28 and the gas introduction flow path 31 are separated. In this manner, a heating module 10 is obtained in which the heating element 18 that occludes hydrogen is provided in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 and the filler gas is sealed therein.

[0072] In the heat generating module 10 according to this embodiment, a hydrogen-absorbing heat generating element 18 is provided in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, and a filler gas is also enclosed within the space 21. The heat generating module 10 is configured by connecting a power supply 11, which serves as an external device, to a power connector 26 of the heat generating module 10. The heat generating device 3 can generate excess heat in the heat generating element 18 by supplying power from the power supply 11 to a heat source 19. The heat generating device 3 does not require a mechanism for evacuating the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 or a mechanism for absorbing hydrogen in the heat generating element 18, simplifying the structure and reducing manufacturing costs. Therefore, the heat generating module 10 can generate heat from the heat generating element 18 with a simple structure and at low cost.

[0073] In the heat generating module 10, a gas is sealed in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, so that heat from the heat source 19 is transferred to the heat generating element 18 by radiation, thermal conduction, and convection. The heat generating module 10 can heat the heat generating element 18 efficiently.

[0074] In the heat generating module 10, a gas is sealed in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16, so that heat from the heat generating element 18 is transferred to the sealed container 16 by radiation, thermal conduction, and convection. The heat generating module 10 can efficiently heat the sealed container 16. The heat medium flows along the outer surface of the sealed container 16 heated by the heat generating element 18, thereby heating the heat medium. The heat generating module 10 can efficiently transfer and recover the heat from the heat generating element 18 to the heat medium.

[0075] The heating element 18 is cylindrical and has a central axis CL, and the heat source 19 is cylindrical and extends along the central axis CL radially inside the heating element 18. In the heating module 10, the heat source 19 is covered by the heating element 18, and the heating element 18 can be efficiently heated by the heat source 19.

[0076] The heating elements 18 are arranged at intervals in the radial direction. The heating elements 18 are configured so that a sealed gas flows through the gaps between adjacent heating elements 18. This reduces the temperature difference between the heating elements 18 closest to the heat source 19 and the heating elements 18 farthest from the heat source 19, uniforming the temperature distribution in the radial direction of the heating elements 18, and enabling the heating elements 18 to be at temperatures optimal for heat generation. The heating module 10 can easily increase the amount of heat generated by increasing the number of heating elements 18. Furthermore, uniforming the temperature distribution in the radial direction of the heating elements 18 reduces the thermal load, improving the durability of the heating module 10.

[0077] The heat generating device 3 includes a heat generating module 10 and a power supply 11. The heat generating module 10 has a heat generating element 18 that stores hydrogen and is provided in a space 21 inside a sealed container 16, in which a filler gas is sealed. The heat generating device 3 can generate excess heat in the heat generating element 18 by supplying power from the power supply 11 to a heat source 19. The heat generating device 3 does not require a mechanism for evacuating the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 or a mechanism for storing hydrogen in the heat generating element 18, which simplifies the structure and reduces manufacturing costs. Therefore, the heat generating device 3 can generate heat from the heat generating element 18 with a simple structure and at low cost.

[0078] Since the heat generating device 3 has detachable heat generating modules 10, the number of heat generating modules 10 can be increased or decreased to obtain a desired output, providing excellent design freedom.

[0079] The heat generating device 3 has multiple heat generating modules 10 that are detachable, so each heat generating module 10 can be replaced individually. Therefore, in the heat generating device 3, a heat generating module 10 that has reduced its heat output or that has stopped generating heat due to a malfunction can be removed and replaced with a new heat generating module 10. It is also possible to replace all of the multiple heat generating modules 10 at the same time. This simplifies the maintenance of the heat generating device 3.

[0080] Heat generation device 3 includes control unit 12 that performs heat generation control, in which heating element 18 generates heat by supplying a first power from power supply device 11 to heat source 19, and hydrogen absorption control, in which heating element 18 absorbs hydrogen by supplying a second power that is smaller than the first power from power supply device 11 to heat source 19. When hydrogen is released from heating element 18 and the amount of heat generated by heating element 18 decreases, heating element 18 can be refilled with hydrogen and reactivated simply by controlling the output of power supply device 11, without replacing the gas in space 21 inside sealed container 16.

[0081] The gas introduction device 30 is connected to the sealing valve 28 of the heat generating module 10 and introduces the sealed gas into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16. This results in a heat generating module 10 in which the hydrogen-absorbing heating element 18 is provided in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 and the sealed gas is sealed inside. The power connector 26 of the heat generating module 10 is connected to the power supply 11 to form the heat generating device 3. The heat generating device 3 can generate excess heat in the heating element 18 by supplying power from the power supply 11 to the heat source 19. The heat generating device 3 does not require a mechanism for evacuating the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 or a mechanism for absorbing hydrogen into the heating element 18, thereby simplifying the structure and reducing manufacturing costs. The gas introduction device 30 introduces the sealed gas into the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 of the heat generating module 10, allowing the heating element 18 to generate heat with a simple structure and at low cost.

[0082] The gas introducing device 30 introduces an inert gas from the inert gas storage unit into the space 21 of the sealed container 16 by opening the sealing valve 28 and the inert gas valve 33a and closing the hydrogen-based gas valve 33b, and introduces a hydrogen-based gas from the hydrogen-based gas storage unit 32b into the space 21 of the sealed container 16 by opening the sealing valve 28 and the hydrogen-based gas valve 33b and closing the inert gas valve 33a. The space 21 of the sealed container 16 is filled with a filler gas containing hydrogen. The inclusion of hydrogen in the filler gas facilitates the transfer of heat from the heat source 19 to the heating element 18 and the transfer of heat from the heating element 18 to the sealed container 16 by radiation, thermal conduction, and convection. Therefore, by introducing the filler gas containing an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas into the space 21 of the sealed container 16, the gas introducing device 30 efficiently heats the heating element 18 and efficiently transfers the heat from the heating element 18 to a heat medium for recovery. Furthermore, when hydrogen absorption control is performed in the heat generating device 3, the heat generating element 18 can absorb hydrogen released from the heat generating element 18, as well as hydrogen contained in the filler gas introduced by the gas introducing device 30. Since the heat generating element 18 can be refilled with hydrogen more reliably, the heat generating control and hydrogen absorption control can be repeated over a long period of time in the heat generating device 3. Therefore, the gas introducing device 30 enables the heat generating device 3 to operate for a long period of time.

[0083] An experiment was conducted to evaluate the heat generation of the heating element 18 using an experimental device in which the heating element 18 was provided in the space 21 inside the sealed container 16 and a gas was sealed inside.

[0084] The experimental equipment is equipped with a heating element, a heat source, and a temperature sensor inside a hollow sealed container, and a power supply, a vacuum exhaust unit, a gas inlet unit, and a control unit outside the sealed container.

[0085] The sealed container is provided with a power connector that connects the heat source to the power supply, a signal connector that connects the temperature sensor to the control unit, a pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge that detect the pressure in the space inside the sealed container, a first valve that is connected to the vacuum exhaust unit, and a second valve that is connected to the gas introduction unit.

[0086] The heat source generates heat when power is supplied from a power supply via a power connector. The heat source is a ceramic heater formed into a square plate with a side length of 25 mm in plan view. The heat source is 2.2 mm thick. SiO2 plates with a thickness of 0.3 mm are attached to both sides of the heat source.

[0087] The temperature sensor has a temperature-sensing part made up of a thermocouple embedded in the heat source, and lead wires extending from the temperature-sensing part are connected to a signal connector.

[0088] The vacuum exhaust unit has an exhaust pipe connected to the first valve, and a turbomolecular pump and a scroll dry pump provided in the exhaust pipe.

[0089] The gas introduction unit includes an introduction pipe connected to the second valve, a hydrogen-based gas storage unit provided in a first branch pipe branched from the introduction pipe, an argon gas storage unit provided in a second branch pipe branched from the introduction pipe, and a nitrogen gas storage unit provided in a third branch pipe branched from the introduction pipe. The first branch pipe, the second branch pipe, and the third branch pipe are provided with valves such as electromagnetic valves and air valves. The gas introduction unit is configured to selectively supply the hydrogen-based gas stored in the hydrogen-based gas storage unit, the argon gas stored in the argon gas storage unit, and the nitrogen gas stored in the nitrogen gas storage unit into the internal space of the sealed container by selectively opening and closing each valve.

[0090] The experimental equipment was equipped with a vacuum pump to evacuate the space inside the sealed container. -5 The experimental apparatus is configured to create a high vacuum state of 100 Pa. By operating the valves in the gas inlet section, hydrogen-based gas, argon gas, and nitrogen gas can be introduced into the space inside the sealed container at a specified pressure.

[0091] The heating element is formed as a square plate with a side length of 25 mm in plan view. The thickness of the heating element is 0.1 mm. The heating element is a multilayer film formed by laminating a first layer made of Cu and a second layer made of Ni on the surface of a Ni support. The thickness of the support was 0.1 mm. The thickness of the first layer was 2 nm. The thickness of the second layer was 14 nm. The first and second layers each consisted of five layers. One heating element was placed on each side of the heat source. The heating element was integrated with the heat source using a holder made of ceramic, with the support facing the heat source and in contact with the SiO2 plate. The holder has an opening that exposes the surface of the multilayer film that makes up the heating element.

[0092] The experiments were Experiment 1, in which a sealed gas containing a hydrogen-based gas and argon gas was used, and Experiment 2, in which a sealed gas containing a hydrogen-based gas and nitrogen gas was used.

[0093] First, we will explain Experiment 1, which used a fill gas containing hydrogen-based gas and argon gas. Prior to Experiment 1, Reference Experiment 1, which used only argon gas, was conducted. In Reference Experiment 1, the inside of the sealed container was first evacuated to a vacuum. Next, the heating element was baked using a heat source to remove water and other substances adhering to the surface of the heating element. Next, argon gas was introduced into the sealed container so that the pressure inside the container was 90 kPa without allowing the heating element to absorb hydrogen. The power supplied to the heat source from the power supply was changed, and the temperature of the heating element was measured using a temperature sensor installed in the heat source. In this experiment, the power supplied to the heat source from the power supply is referred to as "input power," and the temperature of the heating element detected by the temperature sensor installed in the heat source is referred to as "heater temperature." The results of Reference Experiment 1 are shown in Figures 7A and 7B. Figure 7A is a graph showing the changes in input power and heater temperature in Reference Experiment 1. In Figure 7A, the horizontal axis represents time, the first vertical axis on the left represents heater temperature, and the second vertical axis on the right represents input power. The heater temperature is shown by the dashed-dotted line, and the input power is shown by the dotted line. Figure 7B is a graph showing the calibration curve obtained from the input power and heater temperature in Reference Experiment 1. In Figure 7B, the horizontal axis represents the heater temperature, and the vertical axis represents the input power.

[0094] In Experiment 1, after baking in the same manner as in Reference Experiment 1, hydrogen-based gas was introduced into the sealed container so that the pressure in the internal space of the sealed container reached 250 Pa, allowing hydrogen to be absorbed into the heating element. Next, argon gas was introduced into the sealed container so that the pressure in the internal space of the sealed container reached 90 kPa. The power (input power) supplied from the power supply to the heat source was varied, and the temperature of the heating element (heater temperature) was measured using a temperature sensor attached to the heat source. Using the calibration curve from Reference Experiment 1, the power (hereinafter referred to as "equivalent power") corresponding to the heater temperature at a specific input power in Experiment 1 was calculated. The difference between the calculated equivalent power and the specific input power was calculated and defined as excess heat. The results of Experiment 1 are shown in Figures 8A and 8B. Figure 8A is a graph showing the progress of input power and excess heat in Experiment 1. In Figure 8A, the horizontal axis represents time, the first vertical axis on the left represents excess heat, and the second vertical axis on the right represents input power. Excess heat is indicated by a solid line, and input power is indicated by a dotted line. Figure 8B is a graph showing the temperature dependency of excess heat on heater temperature. Figures 8A and 8B confirm that excess heat of about 1 W to 2 W is generated. It was confirmed that excess heat tends to increase as the heater temperature rises.

[0095] Next, we will explain Experiment 2, which used a sealed gas containing hydrogen-based gas and nitrogen gas. Prior to Experiment 2, Reference Experiment 2, which used only nitrogen gas, was conducted. In Reference Experiment 2, the inside of the sealed container was first evacuated to a vacuum. Next, the heating element was baked using a heat source to remove water and other substances adhering to the surface of the heating element. Next, nitrogen gas was introduced into the sealed container so that the pressure in the space inside the container was 90 kPa without allowing hydrogen to be absorbed into the heating element. The power (input power) supplied from the power supply to the heat source was changed, and the temperature of the heating element (heater temperature) was measured using a temperature sensor installed in the heat source. The results of Reference Experiment 2 are shown in Figures 9A and 9B. Figure 9A is a graph showing the changes in input power and heater temperature in Reference Experiment 2. In Figure 9A, the horizontal axis represents time, the first vertical axis on the left represents heater temperature, and the second vertical axis on the right represents input power. The heater temperature is indicated by a dashed line, and the input power is indicated by a dotted line. Figure 9B is a graph showing the calibration curve obtained from the input power and heater temperature in Reference Experiment 2. In FIG. 9B, the horizontal axis represents the heater temperature, and the vertical axis represents the input power.

[0096] In Experiment 2, after baking in the same manner as in Reference Experiment 2, hydrogen-based gas was introduced into the sealed container to adjust the pressure inside the container to 250 Pa, allowing hydrogen to be absorbed into the heating element. Nitrogen gas was then introduced into the sealed container to adjust the pressure inside the container to 90 kPa. The power (input power) supplied to the heat source from the power supply was varied, and the temperature of the heating element (heater temperature) was measured using a temperature sensor attached to the heat source. Using the calibration curve from Reference Experiment 2, the equivalent power corresponding to the heater temperature at a specific input power in Experiment 2 was calculated. The difference between the calculated equivalent power and the specific input power was calculated and defined as excess heat. The results of Experiment 2 are shown in Figure 10. Figure 10 is a graph showing the changes in input power and excess heat in Experiment 2. In Figure 10, the horizontal axis represents time, the first vertical axis on the left represents excess heat, and the second vertical axis on the right represents heater temperature. Excess heat is indicated by a solid line, and the heater temperature is indicated by a dashed line. Figure 10 confirms that approximately 0.2 W of excess heat was generated.

[0097] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the invention.

[0098] In the above embodiment, the heating element 18 is cylindrical, but is not limited thereto and may be, for example, plate-shaped. A plurality of plate-shaped heating elements may be arranged in one direction at intervals. The heating element 18 may have a spirally wound configuration.

[0099] In the above embodiment, the heat source 19 is cylindrical, but is not limited to this and may be, for example, plate-shaped. Plate-shaped heating elements 18 may be arranged on both sides of the plate-shaped heat source 19.

[0100] The heat utilization system 1 is not limited to a configuration including a heat medium container 2 to which a heat medium is supplied, and may be configured without including a heat medium container 2. For example, the heat utilization system 1 may be configured such that the heat generation module 10 of the heat generation device 3 is disposed inside the containment vessel 4a of the heat utilization device 4. [Explanation of symbols]

[0101] 3 Heating device 10 Heating Module 11 Power supply (external device) 12 Control Unit 16. Airtight containers 17 Connection 18 Heating element 19 Heat source 21 Space 26 Power Connector 28 Sealing valve 30 Gas introduction device (external device) 31 Gas introduction channel 31a Main channel 31b inert gas flow path 31c Hydrogen gas flow path 32 Gas storage section 32a Inert gas reservoir 32b Hydrogen gas storage section 33 Gas inlet valve 33a Inert gas valve 33b Hydrogen gas valve

Claims

1. A hollow, sealed container; a connection part that is detachably connected to an external device; a heating element that generates heat by absorbing and releasing hydrogen; a heat source for heating the heating element; Equipped with the heating element has a support formed of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a proton conductor, and a multilayer film provided on the support; the multilayer film has a first layer having a thickness of less than 1000 nm and made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, and a second layer having a thickness of less than 1000 nm and made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a ceramic different from the first layer, the external device includes a power supply device that supplies power to the heat source, and a gas introduction device that introduces a filler gas containing at least one of an inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas containing hydrogen into an internal space of the sealed container, the connecting portion is connected to the heat source and includes a power connector that is detachably connected to the power supply device, and a sealing valve that opens and closes the space and is detachably connected to the gas introducing device, the sealing valve is closed to close the space, The closed space is provided with the heating element that stores the hydrogen, and the sealed gas is sealed in the heating module.

2. The heating element is cylindrical and has a central axis, the heat source has a cylindrical shape extending along the central axis, The heat generating module according to claim 1 , wherein the heat source is disposed radially inside the heat generating element and is surrounded by the heat generating element.

3. The heating elements are arranged at intervals in the radial direction, The heat generating module according to claim 2 , wherein the sealed gas flows through gaps between adjacent ones of the plurality of heat generating elements.

4. The heat generating module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a power supply device connected to the power connector and supplying power to the heat source; A heating device comprising:

5. a control unit that controls the power supplied from the power supply device to the heat source; 5. The heat generating device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit performs heat generation control to generate heat from the heat element by supplying a first power from the power supply device to the heat source, and hydrogen absorption control to absorb the hydrogen into the heat element by supplying a second power smaller than the first power from the power supply device to the heat source.

6. a gas introduction channel detachably connected to the sealing valve of the heat generating module according to any one of claims 1 to 3; a gas reservoir connected to the gas introduction channel and storing the filled gas; a gas introduction valve provided in the gas introduction flow path for opening and closing the gas introduction flow path; Equipped with a gas introducing device that introduces the filler gas from the gas reservoir into the space in the sealed container through the gas introduction channel by opening the sealing valve and the gas introduction valve;

7. the gas storage unit includes an inert gas storage unit that stores the inert gas and a hydrogen-based gas storage unit that stores the hydrogen-based gas, the gas introduction flow path includes a main flow path connected to the sealing valve, an inert gas flow path connecting the main flow path and the inert gas storage section, and a hydrogen-based gas flow path connecting the main flow path and the hydrogen-based gas storage section, the gas introduction valve includes an inert gas valve provided in the inert gas flow path for opening and closing the inert gas flow path, and a hydrogen-based gas valve provided in the hydrogen-based gas flow path for opening and closing the hydrogen-based gas flow path, the sealing valve and the inert gas valve are opened, and the hydrogen-based gas valve is closed, thereby introducing the inert gas from the inert gas reservoir into the space of the sealed container through the inert gas flow path and the main flow path; 7. The gas introducing device according to claim 6, wherein the hydrogen-based gas is introduced from the hydrogen-based gas storage section into the space of the sealed container via the hydrogen-based gas flow path and the main flow path by opening the sealing valve and the hydrogen-based gas valve and closing the inert gas valve.

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