Method for inhibiting the colonization of fruiting body-damaging organisms

Abstract

To provide a method for suppressing the fix of an organism damaging a fruit body on a growth substrate such as mushrooms and mushroom beds.SOLUTION: A method for suppressing colonization of an organism that damages a fruit body on at least one selected from the group consisting of a fruit body, a hypha, and a growth substrate by applying a composition containing an organic acid and / or a salt thereof as an active ingredient to at least one selected from the group consisting of a fruit body, a hypha, and a growth substrate to enhance the amount of a volatile substance diffused from the fruit body.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies on growth substrates such as mushrooms and fungal beds, using an organic acid and / or its salt as an active ingredient, and to an agent for inducing the emission of volatile substances from fruiting bodies that inhibit the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies. [Background technology]

[0002] Mushrooms used to be only available in the wild, but in recent years, thanks to the establishment of artificial cultivation methods such as mushroom bed cultivation, various types of mushrooms can now be obtained easily and cheaply. Mushroom production in Japan has been increasing year by year, reaching a scale of approximately 460,000 tons in recent years. Mushroom consumption has also reached more than 3 kg per person per year, making mushrooms a familiar food source. On the other hand, with the spread of artificial cultivation methods such as mushroom bed cultivation, damage to fruiting bodies caused by pests has begun to become apparent. In particular, gastropods such as slugs not only feed on fruiting bodies and mushroom beds, but also leave shiny white footprints that last for a long time, significantly reducing the commercial value of the produce. In addition, fungus gnats are a major problem, with their larvae feeding on mushroom beds and adults getting mixed into packaging. There are very few pesticides that can be applied to mushrooms. For example, there are known methods such as using bittern obtained during the salt-making process of seawater (Patent Document 1) and placing mushroom beds in plant containers to prevent the invasion of pests such as slugs (Patent Document 2), but practical methods for exterminating or controlling pests are almost unknown. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2018-074988 [Patent Document 2] Utility Model Registration No. 3072876 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] As mentioned above, practical methods for exterminating or controlling mushroom pests have not yet been established. In particular, suppressing damage caused by pests such as gastropods such as slugs and fungus gnats is extremely useful in mushroom cultivation. Therefore, the present invention aims to provide a new suppression method that is completely different from conventional extermination and control methods, as a method for suppressing the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies in growth substrates such as mushrooms and fungal beds. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] As a result of extensive research to solve the above problems, the present inventors discovered that applying an organic acid and / or a salt thereof to a growth substrate such as mushrooms or a mushroom bed increases the amount of volatile aroma components emitted from mushrooms, and that these increased volatile aroma components inhibit the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies in the growth substrate such as mushrooms or a mushroom bed, thereby completing the present invention.

[0006] The present invention specifically relates to the following items. 1. A method for suppressing the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies in at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates by applying a composition containing an organic acid and / or its salt as an active ingredient to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, thereby increasing the amount of volatile substances emitted from the fruiting bodies. 2. The method for inhibiting settlement according to 1., wherein the organism that harms the fruiting body is a gastropod. 3. An agent that induces the emission of volatile substances from fruiting bodies that inhibit the settlement of organisms that harm the fruiting bodies, and contains acetic acid and / or its salts as the active ingredient. 4. The dispersal inducer according to 3., wherein the organism that harms the fruiting bodies is a gastropod. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, it is possible to inhibit organisms that harm fruiting bodies from settling on growth substrates such as mushrooms and fungal beds. The present invention is extremely useful because it can prevent a decline in the commercial value of mushrooms by inhibiting the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies on mushrooms and mushroom beds. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the layout of six growth substrates and three locations where test insects were placed in "Test 1 to confirm the effect of inhibiting the settlement of gastropods" in the Examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention will be described in detail below. In the present invention, the term "fruit body" refers to what is generally called "mushroom" and distributed and sold, or biologically, a structure for forming spores, and does not refer to the mycelium state. <Mushrooms> The mushrooms in the present invention are not particularly limited, but are preferably edible mushrooms. Specific examples include enokitake, bunashimeji, honshimeji, hatakeshimeji, oyster mushroom, himematsutake, shiitake, mushroom, porcini, maitake, king oyster mushroom, truffle, nameko, tamogitake, and bakamatsutake. Among them, enokitake, bunashimeji, shiitake, maitake, king oyster mushroom, and nameko are preferred.

[0010] <Organisms that harm fruiting bodies> In the present invention, "harming fruiting bodies" means feeding on fruiting bodies and / or reducing the commercial value of the fruiting bodies, and "organisms that harm fruiting bodies" means organisms that feed on fruiting bodies and / or reduce the commercial value of the fruiting bodies. In the present invention, "organisms that harm fruiting bodies" include gastropods that harm fruiting bodies and pests that harm fruiting bodies. In the present invention, gastropods refer to terrestrial gastropods, such as slugs, snails, and land snails. Specific examples of gastropods that feed on fruiting bodies and / or reduce their commercial value include the Red Slug family, such as the Red Slug, Brown Slug, and Field Slug; the Slug family, such as the Slug and Mountain Slug; the Slug family, such as the Garden Slug; the Aconidae family, such as the Giant African Snail; the African Snail family, such as the African Giant Snail; the African Snail family, such as the African Giant Snail; the Achatidae family, such as the African Giant Snail; the Achatidae family, such as the Japanese Snail; and snails, such as the Snail family, such as the Japanese Snail. Pests that feed on fruiting bodies and / or reduce their commercial value include fungus gnats such as the long-barreled fungus gnat, the black fungus gnat, the Yokohama grass gnat, the two-tailed fungus gnat, and the Nakamon fungus gnat; noctuid moths such as the purple fungus gnat, the Japanese oak fungus gnat, and the Yokohama senile fungus gnat; hornworm moths such as the Japanese hornworm moth and the shiitake mushroom moth; hornworms such as the Japanese hornworm; fruit flies such as the giant fruit fly; mealworms such as the Japanese mealworm; and mealworms such as the Japanese mealworm. Examples include fungus beetles such as the Japanese longhorn beetle, the Japanese longhorn beetle, longhorn beetles such as the red-spotted longhorn beetle, the long-spotted longhorn beetle, the green longhorn beetle, the yellow tiger longhorn beetle, and the black-spotted longhorn beetle, narrow-spotted beetles such as the narrow-spotted longhorn beetle, crane flies such as the light-spotted crane fly, the shiitake crane fly, and the large horn-winged crane fly, springtails such as the purple springtail, the large blue wart springtail, and the black-spotted springtail, acarid mites such as the long-spotted mite, dust mites, and lichen mites. Among these, the present invention is particularly effective against gastropods and fungus gnats, which are organisms that feed on fruit bodies and / or reduce the commercial value of fruit bodies.

[0011] <Organic acid and / or its salt> The active ingredient in the method of the present invention for inhibiting the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies is an organic acid and / or a salt thereof. The active ingredient in the radiation inducer of the present invention is acetic acid and / or a salt thereof. Examples of organic acids in the present invention include carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group (-COH group) and sulfonic acids having a sulfo group (-SOH group), with carboxylic acids being preferred. Examples of carboxylic acids include saturated carboxylic acids such as formic acid and acetic acid, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as oleic acid, hydroxycarboxylic acids such as malic acid and citric acid, aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, and dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid and succinic acid. Organic acids having 1 to 10 carbon atoms are preferred, including saturated fatty acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, and capric acid, dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, fumaric acid, and maleic acid, hydroxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, and aromatic carboxylic acids such as benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and salicylic acid. Among these organic acids, saturated carboxylic acids having 1 to 5 carbon atoms are suitable as active ingredients in the method of the present invention for inhibiting the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies. Furthermore, when acetic acid is used as an active ingredient in the method of inhibiting the establishment of fruiting body-harming organisms or in the agent for inducing the emission of volatile substances from fruiting bodies that inhibit the establishment of fruiting body-harming organisms, examples of such an active ingredient include pure acetic acid, as well as brewed vinegar and synthetic vinegar. These are commercially available, and examples include grain vinegar, extra-concentrated vinegar, high-concentration brewed vinegar, and powdered vinegar (a mixture of acetic acid, dextrin, etc.). Fruit vinegars such as wine vinegar and apple vinegar can also be used. However, products obtained from the dry distillation of wood, bamboo, etc., such as wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar, contain highly toxic substances such as formaldehyde and benzopyrene, as well as odorous substances, and are therefore unsuitable as the organic acid and / or salt thereof for use in the present invention. Examples of organic acid salts include sodium salts, potassium salts, calcium salts, magnesium salts, ammonium salts, ethanolamine salts, triethanolamine salts, etc. When organic acid salts or acetate salts are used as active ingredients in the method of the present invention for inhibiting the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies or in the agent for inducing the emission of volatile substances that inhibit the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies from fruiting bodies, sodium salts, triethanolamine salts, ammonium salts, and potassium salts are preferred. These salts may be used alone in methods for enhancing mushroom aroma components, or salts may be formed during preparation of the formulation by adding the organic acid or acetic acid separately to the corresponding neutralizing agent. For example, the organic acid or acetic acid may be added separately to sodium hydroxide as a neutralizing agent, and the resulting sodium salt may be used. Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc. are suitable neutralizing agents. In the present invention, the composition used in the method for suppressing the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies may contain the above-mentioned organic acids and / or salts thereof, and may be a single type or a mixture of two or more types. Furthermore, the active ingredient in the radiation inducer of the present invention may be one of the above acetic acid and / or its salts, or a mixture of two or more of them.

[0012] <Volatile substances> Volatile compounds consisting of eight carbon atoms, i.e., volatile C8 compounds, such as 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-one, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone, are known to be present in most mushrooms and to be the so-called aroma components of mushrooms. It is also known that 1-octen-3-ol accounts for the largest proportion of these volatile C8 compounds in many fruiting bodies. In the present invention, applying an organic acid and / or a salt thereof to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates can enhance the amount of volatile C8 compounds emitted by fruiting bodies, and is particularly effective in enhancing the amounts of 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone emitted. On the other hand, the volatile substances consisting of these C8 compounds emitted by the fruiting bodies have the effect of inhibiting organisms that harm the fruiting bodies from settling on the fruiting bodies, mycelium, and growth substrate. In other words, the present invention provides an excellent effect of applying an organic acid and / or a salt thereof to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, thereby increasing or inducing emission of volatile substances consisting of C8 compounds such as 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone emitted by the fruiting bodies, thereby preventing organisms that harm the fruiting bodies and dislike the volatile C8 compounds with increased emission from approaching the fruiting bodies, mycelia, or growth substrate, and ultimately inhibiting or suppressing settlement. In the present invention, the volatile substances emitted from fruiting bodies that inhibit the settlement of organisms that harm fruiting bodies refer to volatile substances having 8 carbon atoms that are emitted by fruiting bodies, specifically volatile substances having 8 carbon atoms such as alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones, more specifically octanol, octenyl alcohol, octanal, and octanone, and even more specifically volatile substances such as 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, and 3-octanone.

[0013] In the method of the present invention for suppressing the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies, the active ingredient, an organic acid and / or a salt thereof, can be contained in a composition to be applied to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, preferably at 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably at 0.005% by weight or more, and even more preferably at 0.01% by weight or more. Furthermore, since using too much organic acid and / or a salt thereof may cause phytotoxicity-like symptoms in the fruiting bodies, the content is preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, even more preferably 3% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 1% by weight or less. That is, the composition to be applied to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates preferably contains the active ingredient organic acid and / or its salt in an amount of 0.001% by weight to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.005% by weight to 5% by weight, even more preferably 0.01% by weight to 3% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.01% by weight to 1% by weight. The composition used in the method for inhibiting the establishment of fruiting body-harming organisms and the agent for inducing the emission of volatile substances emitted from fruiting bodies that inhibit the establishment of fruiting body-harming organisms of the present invention can be applied directly to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, or they can be prepared as a formulation containing a specific active ingredient and diluted with water before use to apply to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates. In this case, the content of the active ingredient, an organic acid and / or a salt thereof, in the diluted formulation is preferably 0.001% by weight or more, more preferably 0.005% by weight or more, even more preferably 0.01% by weight or more, and preferably 10% by weight or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, even more preferably 3% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 1% by weight or less. That is, the content of the organic acid and / or its salt as the active ingredient in the formulation diluted with water is preferably in the range of 0.001% by weight to 10% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.005% by weight to 5% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 0.01% by weight to 3% by weight, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.01% by weight to 1% by weight. The growth substrate in the present invention refers to a fungal bed in fungal bed cultivation, a log in log cultivation, compost in compost cultivation, or a forest land in forest cultivation. The growth substrate in the present invention may be a commercially available fungal bed for fungal bed cultivation, a log for log cultivation, or a substrate prepared by the user. For fungal bed cultivation, it is preferable to use a fungal bed that has been sterilized by heating or the like before the start of cultivation in order to control harmful fungi that inhibit the growth of mycelia.

[0014] The composition in the method of the present invention for suppressing the settlement of organisms that harm fruiting bodies can be prepared in various formulations, using organic acids and / or salts thereof as active ingredients, and the radiation inducer of the present invention can be prepared in various formulations, using acetic acid and / or salts thereof as active ingredients. Examples of formulations include oil solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, flowable formulations (such as suspensions in water and emulsions in water), microcapsules, powders, granules, tablets, liquids, sprays, and aerosols. Among these, spray formulations such as sprays and aerosols, and dispersion formulations in which liquids are filled in containers with watering can heads, are suitable formulations for enhancing the amount of volatile substances emitted from the fruiting bodies of the present invention. To prepare sprays and aerosols, an aerosol can or a chemical bottle equipped with a spraying device that has a predetermined spray pattern and supplies spray particles can be used. The composition in the method of the present invention for suppressing the settlement of organisms that harm fruiting bodies and the agent for inducing the emission of volatile substances from fruiting bodies that suppress the settlement of organisms that harm fruiting bodies can be used not only as a liquid formulation but also as a solid formulation such as a powder, granules, or fine particles, as long as the effects of the present invention are achieved. In one example of preparing the formulation, an organic acid and / or its salt, and optionally a surfactant, are dissolved in a solvent to prepare a solution (Solution A), which is then mixed with an appropriate amount of water and stirred to form a formulation, which can be applied without dilution at the time of use. Alternatively, the formulation can be sprayed using a sprinkler commonly used in mushroom cultivation, followed by penetration. As the water, tap water, ion-exchanged water, distilled water, filtered water, sterilized water, groundwater, etc. can be used.

[0015] Liquid carriers used in formulation include, for example, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, hexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, etc.), ethers (diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isopropyl myristate, ethyl lactate, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.), aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons (xylene, toluene, alkylnaphthalene, phenylxylene, phenylmethylsilane ... Examples of suitable solvents include methyl ethane, kerosene, diesel, hexane, cyclohexane, etc.), halogenated hydrocarbons (chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, etc.), nitriles (acetonitrile, isobutyronitrile, etc.), sulfoxides (dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.), heterocyclic solvents (sulfolane, γ-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone), acid amides (N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, etc.), alkylidene carbonates (propylene carbonate, etc.), vegetable oils (soybean oil, cottonseed oil, etc.), vegetable essential oils (orange oil, hyssop oil, peppermint oil, lemon oil, etc.), and water.

[0016] The surfactant used in formulation can include nonionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant and amphoteric surfactant.The nonionic surfactant can include, for example, polyoxyalkylene allyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene allyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene styryl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether formaldehyde condensate, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer alkylphenyl ether, sorbitan fatty acid ester (for example, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan laurate), polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ether etc. Examples of anionic surfactants include sodium, calcium, or ammonium salts of alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl ether sulfate, or polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate; sodium, calcium, ammonium, or alkanolamine salts of alkyl sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkylbenzenesulfonic acid (e.g., calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, etc.), mono- or di-alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, ligninsulfonic acid, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfonic acid, or polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinate; and salts of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene-mono- or di-alkylphenyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl ether phosphate, or sodium or calcium salts of polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer phosphate.Examples of cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium salts, alkylamine salts, alkylpyridinium salts, and alkyl oxides. Examples of amphoteric surfactants include alkylbetaines and amine oxides. Surfactants are also used as spreading agents.

[0017] Examples of propellants used in making aerosols include butane gas, chlorofluorocarbon gas, alternative chlorofluorocarbons (HFO, HFC, etc.), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide gas, and nitrogen gas. Examples of solid carriers include clays (kaolin, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, clay, acid clay, etc.), synthetic hydrous silicon oxide, talc, zeolite, ceramics, other inorganic minerals (sericite, quartz, sulfur, activated carbon, calcium carbonate, hydrated silica, etc.), and porous materials.

[0018] When the composition in the method of the present invention for inhibiting the settlement of organisms that harm fruiting bodies or the agent for inducing the emission of volatile substances from fruiting bodies that inhibit the settlement of organisms that harm fruiting bodies are used as a formulation, antifoaming agents, preservatives, antioxidants, thickeners, etc. can be added as necessary during preparation of the formulation. Examples of the antifoaming agent include silicone-based antifoaming agents and fluorine-based antifoaming agents. Examples of preservatives include organic nitrogen-sulfur compounds, organic bromine compounds, isothiazolin compounds, benzyl alcohol mono(poly)hemiformal, 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, potassium sorbate, and sodium dehydroacetate. Antioxidants include, for example, tetrakis[methylene-3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate, and vitamin E, mixed tocopherols, α-tocopherol, ethoxyquin, and ascorbic acid. Examples of thickeners include polyvinylpyrrolidone, xanthan gum, polyvinyl alcohol, guar gum, and carboxyvinyl polymer.

[0019] <About application> The composition in the method of the present invention for suppressing the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies is a composition that contains an organic acid and / or its salt as an active ingredient and is applied by spraying or the like to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates. The timing of application may be appropriately selected depending on the growth state of the fruiting body, and application may be started from the stage of preparation of the growth substrate. The application frequency may be either a single application or multiple applications. In the case of multiple applications, the application frequency is once every 1 to 30 days, preferably once every 1 to 10 days, and more preferably once every 1 to 4 days. The application means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include blending with a growth substrate, submerging mycelia or the growth substrate, sprinkling fruiting bodies, mycelia, and the growth substrate, etc. Among these, submerging mycelia and the growth substrate and sprinkling fruiting bodies, mycelia, and the growth substrate are preferred. In the present invention, the treatment amount of the organic acid and / or its salt as the active ingredient is, regardless of the frequency of application, preferably in the range of 0.00001 g / week to 15 g / week in cumulative treatment amount per 100 g of target containing at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, more preferably in the range of 0.00005 g / week to 10 g / week, even more preferably in the range of 0.0001 g / week to 7 g / week, and particularly preferably in the range of 0.0001 g / week to 5 g / week. [Example]

[0020] The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0021] <Confirmation test 1 of enhanced fruiting body volatile substances> (1) Test specimen Example 1 A test sample of Example 1 was prepared using 0.25 parts by weight of acetic acid and ion-exchanged water, with the total amount being 100 parts by weight. Comparative Example 1 A test specimen of Comparative Example 1 was prepared using only ion-exchanged water. (2) Confirmation test of enhanced fruiting body volatiles 1 Thirteen fully mature Shiitake mushroom beds (Mori Sangyo: Mori XR1, diameter 115 mm, height 135 mm) were used as the beds for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The beds were placed in a light-shielded glasshouse (20±2°C, RH 70±20%), and the test sample from Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 was sprayed onto each bed once a day for 10 days using a hand sprayer until the top and sides of the bed were sufficiently wet (approximately 10 mL). Three to four days after the start of the test, the beds were pruned so that approximately 10 fruiting bodies remained per bed. Ten days after the start of the test, the fruiting bodies were collected from each of the fungal beds treated with Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 and used as analytical samples. The size and degree of opening of the fruiting bodies in the analytical samples were adjusted to be similar between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The cap of a fruiting body obtained by applying the test sample of Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 was cut so that the top surface was an acute triangle with an arc length of approximately 5 mm from the center of the fruiting body to the periphery. 7.0 g of this cut cap was placed in a vial (GL Science, Clean Pin Hole Septum with vial, 40 mL). A collector (GL Science, MonoTrap RGC18TD) was suspended 1 cm below the top of the vial, and volatile substances were collected for approximately 16 hours. Volatile substances were analyzed under the following analytical conditions. [Analysis conditions] Thermal desorption device: Portable Handy Desorber TD265 (GL Sciences) Pressure: 150kPa Holding temperature: 200℃ Holding time: 2.0 minutes Analytical equipment: Gas chromatograph mass spectrometer GC-2010Plus (Shimadzu Corporation) Column: InetCap Pure-WAX (GL Sciences), inner diameter 0.25 mm, length 30 m, film thickness 0.25 μm Column temperature: 40°C (5 min) → 4°C / min → 250°C (5 min) Carrier gas: Helium, 120kPa Inlet temperature: 250℃ Detector temperature: 200℃ Sample injection volume: 1.0 μL The degree of increase in the volatile substance content of the fruiting bodies revealed by the analysis is shown in Table 1 as the relative ratio of the volatile substance in the fruiting bodies to which the test sample of Example 1 was applied to that in which the test sample of Comparative Example 1 was applied.

[0022] [Table 1]

[0023] (3) Test results As shown in Table 1, the fruiting bodies obtained by applying the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, showed a significant increase in the amount of volatile C8 compounds 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone emitted, approximately 1.2 times, compared to the fruiting bodies obtained by applying the test sample of Comparative Example 1.

[0024] <Confirmation test 2 for enhanced fruiting body volatile substances> (1) Confirmation test of enhanced fruiting body volatiles 2 Three fully mature Shiitake mushroom beds (Hokuken: HS705, width 130 mm, depth 200 mm, height 150 mm) were used as beds for Example 1 and two as beds for Comparative Example 1. The above-mentioned beds were left to stand in a shaded vinyl greenhouse (20±2°C, RH 70±20%), and the test sample from Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 was sprayed onto each bed using an electric sprayer once every 2 to 3 days over a period of 10 days, a total of three times, until the top and sides of the bed were sufficiently wet (approximately 12 mL). Ten days after the start of the test, the volatile substances emitted by the fruiting bodies collected from each fungal bed to which the test sample of Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 had been applied were analyzed using the method described above in "Confirmation Test 1 for Enhanced Volatiles in Fruiting Bodies." The degree of increase in the volatile substance content of the fruiting bodies revealed by the analysis is shown in Table 2 as the relative ratio of the volatile substance in the fruiting bodies to the volatile substance in the fruiting bodies to which the test sample of Example 1 had been applied to the volatile substance in the fruiting bodies to which the test sample of Comparative Example 1 had been applied.

[0025] [Table 2]

[0026] (2) Test results As shown in Table 2, the fruiting bodies obtained by applying the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, showed a significant increase in the amount of volatile C8 compounds 3-octanone and 3-octanol emitted by approximately 1.3 times compared to the fruiting bodies obtained by applying the test sample of Comparative Example 1, and the amount of 1-octen-3-ol emitted was found to be increased by approximately 1.1 times.

[0027] <Confirmation test 3 of enhanced fruiting body volatile substances> (1) Confirmation test of enhanced fruiting body volatiles3 Seven fully mature Shiitake mushroom beds (Hokuken: HS705, width 130 mm, depth 200 mm, height 150 mm) were used as the beds for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The beds were left to stand in a shaded vinyl greenhouse (20±2°C, RH 70±20%), and the test sample from Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 was sprayed onto each bed using an electric sprayer once every 10 days over a period of 20 days, a total of two times, until the top and sides of the bed were sufficiently wet (approximately 12 mL). Twenty days after the start of the test, the volatile substances emitted by the fruiting bodies collected from each fungal bed to which the test sample of Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 had been applied were analyzed using the method described above in "Confirmation Test 1 for Enhanced Volatiles in Fruiting Bodies." The degree of increase in the volatile substance content of the fruiting bodies revealed by the analysis is shown in Table 3 as the relative ratio of the volatile substance in the fruiting bodies to which the test sample of Example 1 had been applied to the volatile substance in the fruiting bodies to which the test sample of Comparative Example 1 had been applied.

[0028] [Table 3]

[0029] (2) Test results As shown in Table 3, the fruiting bodies obtained by applying the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, showed a significant increase in the amount of volatile C8 compounds 3-octanone and 3-octanol emitted, approximately twice as much as the fruiting bodies obtained by applying the test sample of Comparative Example 1.

[0030] <Confirmation test 4 of enhanced fruiting body volatile substances> (1) Confirmation test of enhanced fruiting body volatiles4 The following mushroom beds (mushroom bed: width 110 mm, depth 80 mm, height 70 mm; Bunashimeji bed: diameter 115 mm, height 135 mm; Oyster mushroom bed: diameter 115 mm, height 135 mm) were used as the beds for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The above-mentioned beds were left to stand in a light-shielded room (12±2°C, RH 70±20%), and the test sample from Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 was sprayed onto each bed five times a week for approximately three weeks, a total of 15 times, until the top surface of the bed was sufficiently wet (mushroom bed: approximately 5 mL, Bunashimeji bed: approximately 10 mL, Oyster mushroom bed: approximately 10 mL) using a hand sprayer. Approximately three weeks after the start of the test, the volatile substances emitted by the fruiting bodies collected from each of the fungal beds treated with Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 were analyzed using the method described above in "Confirmation Test 1 for Enhanced Volatiles in Fruiting Bodies." The degree of increase in the volatile substance content of the fruiting bodies revealed by the analysis is shown in Table 4 as the relative ratio of the volatile substance in the fruiting bodies treated with the test sample of Example 1 to the volatile substance in the fruiting bodies treated with the test sample of Comparative Example 1. <Mushroom spawn bed> Two mushroom beds (Seishin Pottery, White Mushroom Home Cultivation Set) were used as the beds for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Two Bunashimeji mushroom beds (Mori Sangyo, Mori no Bunashimeji Farm) were used as the mushroom beds for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. Three oyster mushroom beds (Mori Sangyo, Mori no Hiratake Farm) were used as the beds for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0031] [Table 4]

[0032] (2) Test results As shown in Table 4, the fruiting bodies obtained by applying the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, showed significantly increased emissions of the volatile C8 compounds 3-octanone, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, and 2-octen-1-ol compared to the fruiting bodies obtained by applying the test sample of Comparative Example 1.

[0033] <Confirmation test 1 for gastropod settlement suppression effect> (1) Test specimen The test samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in the above "Confirmation Test 1 for Enhanced Volatile Substances in Fruiting Bodies" were used. (2) Test insects Twelve individuals of the brown slug were used for each confirmation test. (3) Test method for confirming the effect of inhibiting the settlement of gastropods Three fully mature Shiitake mushroom beds (Mori Sangyo: Mori XR1, diameter 115 mm, height 135 mm) were used for each of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. A three-tiered stepped planter (600 mm wide, 170 mm deep, height from ground: bottom tier = 157 mm, middle tier = 313 mm, top tier = 475 mm) was installed in a shaded glasshouse (20±2°C, RH 70±20%). Two of the above-mentioned beds were placed on each tier, with the centers of the beds spaced 300 mm apart, as shown in Figure 1 . The test sample from Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 was sprayed onto each bed two or three times a week for two weeks using a hand sprayer until the top and sides of the bed were sufficiently wet (approximately 10 mL). Due to the stepped design of the planter, the test sample sprayed onto the bed placed on the top tier did not come into contact with the beds placed on the middle or bottom tiers. After the final test sample was sprayed, the beds were air-dried for 72 hours, and after confirming by analysis that the surface of the beds was completely dry and that there had been no increase in the acetic acid content in the beds due to the treatment with the test samples, four test insects were placed at the midpoints between two beds on each level of the planter, at positions "A," "B," and "C" in Figure 1, and the test began. 24 hours after the start of the test, the number of individuals was visually counted to determine which of the fungal beds on which the 12 test insects had chosen to settle was selected from among the fungal beds on which the test sample of Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 had been sprayed. At this time, the fungal bed that the test insects had touched was selected and designated as the fungal bed on which they had settled. The test was carried out twice, and the fungal beds onto which the test specimens of Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 were sprayed were selected, and the average number of colonized individuals was shown in Table 5 below. In addition, "Other" in Table 5 refers to the number of individuals that were not in contact with the fungal bed at the end of the two tests.

[0034] [Table 5]

[0035] (4) Test results As shown in Table 5, it was found that twice as many test insects selected and settled on the fungal bed sprayed with the test specimen of Comparative Example 1 compared to the fungal bed sprayed with the test specimen of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention. When combined with the results of "Tests 1 to 4 to confirm enhanced fruiting body volatile substances," application of the test sample of Example 1, a specific example of the present invention, significantly enhanced the amount of volatile C8 compounds emitted by fruiting bodies, such as 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone, compared to application of the test sample of Comparative Example 1. Gastropods are repelled by these enhanced volatile C8 compounds, deterring them from approaching the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrate. As a result, the test sample of Example 1, a specific example of the present invention, exhibited an excellent effect of inhibiting and suppressing the establishment of gastropods on the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrate to which it was applied. As shown in Tables 1 to 4 above, fruiting bodies treated with the test sample of Comparative Example 1 also emit volatile C8 compounds, but the organic acid and / or its salt, which is the active ingredient of the present invention, increases or induces emission of volatile C8 compounds from the fruiting bodies. The results shown in Table 5 far exceed the effects predicted from the increases in Tables 1 to 4 above, clearly demonstrating the remarkable effect of significantly inhibiting and suppressing the settlement of gastropods in fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates.

[0036] <Test to confirm the reaction of gastropods to volatile C8 compounds> The following confirmation test was conducted to confirm that volatile C8 compounds such as 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone, the amount of which is increased by the organic acid and / or its salt, which is the active ingredient of the present invention, from fruiting bodies, inhibit the settlement of gastropods. (1) Test specimen The following compounds were used as test samples for volatile C8 compounds: 1-Octen-3-ol (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 3-Octanol (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 3-Octanone (Sigma-Aldrich) Example 2 A test sample of Example 2 was prepared using 50 parts by weight of 1-octen-3-ol and 50 parts by weight of triethyl citrate (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) with a total amount of 100 parts by weight. Examples 3 to 5 Test samples of Examples 3 to 5 were prepared using 10 parts by weight of either 1-octen-3-ol (Example 3), 3-octanol (Example 4), or 3-octanone (Example 5) and 90 parts by weight of triethyl citrate, with the total amount being 100 parts by weight. Comparative Example 2 A test sample of Comparative Example 2 was prepared using only triethyl citrate. Triethyl citrate is a substance that has been confirmed in preliminary tests to be non-reactive to gastropods. (2) Test insects Ten brown slugs were used. (3) Test method to confirm the reaction of gastropods to volatile C8 compounds A plastic case (width 310 mm, depth 434 mm, height 143 mm) with a mesh lid was placed indoors (25°C, under fluorescent lighting). The case contained a 4 mL vial containing 1 g of any of the test specimens from Examples 2 to 5, and 3 g of absorbent cotton balls moistened with water and rolled up. The vial was then covered with a black plastic seedling pot (diameter 90 mm, height 78 mm) with a hole (diameter 10 mm) in the center of the bottom. The case and a 4 mL vial containing 1 g of the test specimen from Comparative Example 2, and 3 g of absorbent cotton balls moistened with water and rolled up, were then placed as far apart as possible inside the case. The case was then left to stand for 30 minutes to allow volatile C8 compounds to dissipate into the seedling pot. Ten test insects were placed at the midpoint between the two seedling pots, and the test was then started. Three hours after the start of the test, the number of 10 test insects that had invaded each seedling pot containing a test specimen was recorded, and the number of individuals that had selected and settled was confirmed. The test insects were able to freely invade the seedling pot through the hole in the center of the bottom. The test was carried out twice, and the seedling pots containing the test specimens of Examples 2 to 5 or Comparative Example 2 were selected, and the average number of established individuals was shown in Table 6 below. In Table 6, "Others" refers to the number of individuals that had not invaded any of the seedling pots at the end of the test.

[0037] [Table 6]

[0038] (4) Test results As shown in Table 6, it was revealed that the test specimen of Comparative Example 2 was selected and settled by approximately 2.5 to 20 times more test insects than the test specimens of Examples 2 to 5, i.e., volatile C8 compounds such as 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone. Considering these results, the results of the above-mentioned "Test 1 to confirm the effect of inhibiting the settlement of gastropods" indicate that the application of the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, significantly increased the amount of volatile C8 compounds emitted by fruiting bodies, such as 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone, compared to the application of the test sample of Comparative Example 1. This resulted in gastropods being disgusted by the increased amount of volatile C8 compounds emitted, which deterred them from approaching the fruiting bodies, hyphae, and growth substrate. As a result, the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, exhibited a significantly excellent effect of inhibiting and suppressing the settlement of fruiting bodies, hyphae, and growth substrates to which it was applied.

[0039] <Confirmation test 2 for gastropod settlement suppression effect> (1) Test specimen The test samples of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in the above "Confirmation Test 1 for Enhanced Volatile Substances in Fruiting Bodies" were used. (2) Test insects One individual brown slug was used for each confirmation test. (3) Test method for confirming the effect of inhibiting the settlement of gastropods One fully mature Shiitake mushroom bed (Kitaken: HS705, width 130 mm, depth 200 mm, height 150 mm) was used as each of the beds for Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. It was left to stand in a light-shielded glasshouse (20±2°C, RH 70±20%). The test sample from Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 was sprayed onto one bed using a hand sprayer once a week for four weeks until the top and sides of the bed were sufficiently wet (approximately 10 mL). After the final test sample was sprayed, the fungal beds were air-dried for at least one week, and after analysis confirmed that the surface of the fungal beds was completely dry and that there was no increase in the acetic acid content in the fungal beds due to the treatment with the test sample, one fruiting body was collected from each fungal bed and used for the test. The fruiting bodies were placed approximately 15 cm apart in a mesh plastic case (310 mm wide, 434 mm deep, 143 mm high) placed indoors (25°C, under fluorescent lighting). A test insect was placed midway between the two fruiting bodies, and visual inspection was performed to determine which fruiting body the test insect had selected and settled on. Ten minutes after the start of the test, the fruiting body that the test insect had touched was selected and considered the settled fruiting body. The test was carried out six times, and fruiting bodies collected from the fungal beds on which the test specimens of Example 1 or Comparative Example 1 were sprayed were selected, and the total number of established individuals was shown in Table 7 below.

[0040] [Table 7]

[0041] As shown in Table 7, it was revealed that the fruiting bodies collected from the fungal bed on which the test sample of Comparative Example 1 was sprayed were selected and settled by twice as many test insects as the fruiting bodies collected from the fungal bed on which the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, was sprayed. Similar to the results shown in Table 5, application of the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, significantly increased the amount of volatile C8 compounds emitted by fruiting bodies, such as 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone, compared to application of the test sample of Comparative Example 1. Gastropods are repelled by the increased amounts of these volatile C8 compounds, which deter them from approaching the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrate. As a result, the test sample of Example 1, which is a specific example of the present invention, exhibited an excellent effect of inhibiting and suppressing the establishment of gastropods on the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrate to which it was applied.

[0042] <Test to confirm the reaction of fungus gnats to volatile substances> The following confirmation test was conducted to confirm that 1-octen-3-ol, a volatile substance whose emission from fruiting bodies is enhanced by the organic acid and / or its salt, which is the active ingredient of the present invention, inhibits the establishment of mycetoma gnats (adults), a type of pest that is a problem in mushroom cultivation. (1) Test specimen The test samples used were those from Examples 2 and 5 and Comparative Example 2 in the above-mentioned "Test to confirm the reaction of gastropods to volatile C8 compounds." Triethyl citrate is a substance that has been confirmed in preliminary tests to be insensitive to adult sciarid gnats. (2) Test insects Twenty Sciaridae (adult) individuals were used. (3) Test method to confirm the reaction of fungus gnats to volatile substances Two sheets of moistened 70 mm diameter filter paper were placed 150 mm apart in a plastic cage (300 mm wide, 250 mm deep, 28 mm high) placed indoors (25°C under fluorescent lighting) as a water source. A 4 mL vial containing 1 g of the test specimen from Example 2 or Example 5 and a sticky trap (Earth Garden Soil-Emerging Fruit Flies Repellent, Just Place Adhesive, Earth Chemical Co., Ltd.) were placed on top of the filter paper, and a 4 mL vial containing 1 g of the test specimen from Comparative Example 2 and a sticky trap (same as above) were placed on top of the filter paper. These were then left to stand for 30 minutes to allow the volatile substances to volatilize within the cage, after which 20 test insects were introduced into the cage. Three hours after the fungus gnats were introduced into the cage, the number of fungus gnats captured in the two sticky traps was counted. The test was carried out three times, and the average numbers of individuals that flew near the vials of Examples 2 and 5 and Comparative Example 2 and were captured in the sticky traps are shown in Table 8 below.

[0043] [Table 8]

[0044] As shown in Table 8, it was revealed that the test specimen of Comparative Example 2 was selected and settled by approximately 2.5 to 3.3 times more test insects than the test specimens of Examples 2 and 5, i.e., volatile C8 compounds such as 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone. Application of the test samples of Examples 2 and 5, which are specific examples of the present invention, significantly increased or induced emission of volatile C8 compounds, such as 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone, emitted by fruiting bodies compared to application of the test sample of Comparative Example 2. Therefore, these increased emissions of volatile C8 compounds repel adult mycetophilid gnats, which are problematic pests in mushroom cultivation, and demonstrated a significantly superior effect of deterring them from visiting fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates. Deterring adult mycetophilid gnats also ultimately deters them from laying eggs on fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, demonstrating the excellent effect of suppressing mycetophilid gnat larvae from feeding on fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates and / or reducing their commercial value.

[0045] According to the present invention, by applying an organic acid and / or a salt thereof to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, the amount of volatile substances emitted by the fruiting bodies, such as 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-octanol, and 3-octanone, consisting of C8 compounds, is increased, or the amount of emission is induced or an increase in the amount of emission is induced. This prevents not only gastropods, which are a problem in mushroom cultivation because they dislike the increased amount of volatile C8 compounds emitted, but also pests, which are a problem in mushroom cultivation, from approaching the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, thereby resulting in the excellent effect of inhibiting or suppressing settlement, and is extremely useful because it can prevent a decrease in the commercial value of mushrooms.

Claims

1. A composition containing an organic acid and / or a salt thereof as an active ingredient, By applying it to at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates, By increasing the amount of volatile substances emitted from the fruiting body, To at least one selected from the group consisting of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and growth substrates; A method for inhibiting the establishment of organisms that harm fruiting bodies.

2. The method for inhibiting settlement according to claim 1, wherein the organism that harms the fruiting bodies is a gastropod.

3. Contains acetic acid and / or its salt as an active ingredient. From the fruiting body, An agent that induces the emission of volatile substances that inhibit the settlement of organisms that harm fruiting bodies.

4. 4. The radiation inducer according to claim 3, wherein the organisms that harm the fruiting bodies are gastropods.

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