Method for controlling weeds

Abstract

To provide a method for exhibiting an excellent controlling effect in weed control.SOLUTION: A method for controlling PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds, which comprises applying 200 to 600g of flumioxazin per 10000m2 to the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds at the cotyledon to two true-leaf stage at a place where the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds at the cotyledon to two true-leaf stage are growing.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling weeds. [Background technology]

[0002] A method of applying flumioxazin to weeds has been known as a conventional weed control method (see Patent Document 1). In addition, weeds resistant to PPO inhibitors are known (see Non-Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent No. 4,640,707 [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 2006, Vol.103, No.33, p.12329-12334 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling weeds that exhibits excellent control effects. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present inventors have applied 10,000m of PPO inhibitor resistant weeds at the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage in a place where the PPO inhibitor resistant weeds are growing. 2 It was found that applying 200 to 600 g of flumioxazin per field exerted excellent control effects against PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds. The present invention includes the following aspects.

[0007] [1] In areas where PPO inhibitor resistant weeds at the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage are growing, 10,000 m 2 A method for controlling PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds, comprising the step of applying 200 to 600 g of flumioxazin per field. [2] The method according to [1], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are one or more selected from the group consisting of PPO inhibitor-resistant Amaranth weeds, Ragweed weeds, and Komatsuna weeds. [3] The method according to [2], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are one or more selected from the group consisting of PPO inhibitor-resistant giant amaranthus, waterhemp, common ragweed, giant ragweed, and Japanese cornflower. [4] The method according to [1], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have resistance to a PPO inhibitor due to a mutation at the site of action. [5] The method according to [4], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have one or more mutations in PPO selected from the group consisting of Arg128Met mutation, Arg128Gly mutation, Arg128His mutation, Gly399Ala mutation, and Gly210 deletion mutation. [6] The method according to [1], wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have resistance to a non-acting point mutation of a PPO inhibitor. [7] The method according to [1], comprising a step of spraying flumioxazin on the foliage of the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds. [8] The method according to [1], wherein the location is a crop cultivation area. [9] The method according to [8], wherein the crop is one or more selected from the group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, canola, rice, wheat, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, and sunflower.

[10] The method according to [8] or [9], wherein the crop is a crop to which tolerance to a PPO inhibitor has been imparted. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] The weed control method of the present invention provides an excellent weed control effect. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The weed control method of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the method of the present invention) comprises administering 10,000 ml of PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds at the cotyledon to two-leaf stage in a location where the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are growing. 2 The method includes applying 200 to 600 g of flumioxazin per field.

[0010] Flumioxazin is a known compound described in The Pesticide Manual Eighteenth Edition published by the British Crop Production Council (BCPC), page 521. Flumioxazin can be produced by known methods such as those described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,640,707.

[0011] In the method of the present invention, PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds refer to weeds that are in a state where they cannot be killed or irreversibly controlled by a PPO inhibitor even at four times the minimum dose required to kill or irreversibly control wild-type weeds of the same species. In this specification, PPO means protoporphyrinogen oxidase.

[0012] The PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds in the method of the present invention may have PPO inhibitor resistance of the type that is a point-of-action mutation, or may have PPO inhibitor resistance of the type that is not due to a point-of-action mutation. Examples of point-of-action mutations that result in point-of-action mutation-type PPO inhibitor resistance (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "the point-of-action mutation") include Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus), palmeri), Arg128Leu, Arg128Met, Arg128Gly, Arg128His, Arg128Ala, Arg128Cys, Arg128Glu, Arg128Ile, Arg128Lys, Arg128Asn, Arg128Gln, Arg128Ser, Arg128Thr, Arg128Val, Arg128Tyr, Gly210 deletion, Ala210 deletion, Gly210Thr, Ala210Thr, G211 deletion, Gly114Glu, Ser149Ile, Val361Ala, and Gly399Ala, as well as Kochia Examples of PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds include one or more amino acid substitutions selected from the group consisting of Phe454Val, Phe454Ile, and Phe454Leu, as indicated by a standardized designation system for PPO1 of P. scoparia. These PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are known to be resistant to carfentrazone ethyl, fomesafen, and lactofen. While weeds have PPO1 and PPO2 as PPOs, the mutations may be present in either PPO1 or PPO2, or may be present in both. The method of the present invention is suitable as a method for controlling PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds that have mutations in PPO2.

[0013] For example, the Arg128Met mutation means that there is a mutation in the 128th amino acid. Examples of weeds resistant to PPO inhibitors with site-of-action mutations are listed below. Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Met mutation in PPO2 (Pest Management Science 73, 1559-1563). Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Gly mutation in PPO2 (Pest Management Science 73, 1559-1563). Waterhemp (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Gly mutation in PPO2 (Pest Management Science, doi: 10.1002 / ps.5445). Waterhemp (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Ile mutation in PPO2, and waterhemp (Amaranthus retroflexus) is known to have the Arg128Lys mutation in PPO2 (Pest Management Science, doi: 10.1002 / ps.5445). A species of Bomugi (Bomugi) with a mutation in PPO2 corresponding to Arg128His (a species with an Arg132His mutation in PPO2) is known (WSSA annual meeting, 2018). A species of Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthus retroflexus) with a Gly399Ala mutation in PPO2 is known (Frontiers in Plant Science 10, Article 568). A species of Goosegrass (Goosegrass) with a mutation in PPO1 corresponding to Ala210Thr (a species of Goosegrass with an Ala212Thr mutation in PPO1) is known (WSSA annual meeting, 2019). A species of Kochia (Bokusho) with a Phe454Val, Phe454Ile, or Phe454Leu mutation in PPO1 is known (WSSA annual meeting, 2024). The method of the present invention effectively controls PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds with the above-mentioned site-of-action mutations, but is not limited to these. That is, not only amaryllis having point mutations in either or both of PPO1 and PPO2, but also, for example, waterhemp having point mutations, ragweed having point mutations, woolly barley having point mutations, ryegrass having point mutations, and false dung beetle having point mutations are effectively controlled.

[0014] Furthermore, the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds used in the method of the present invention may have PPO inhibitor resistance of the non-active site mutation type. Examples of weeds with reduced susceptibility due to non-active site mutation include waterhemp and amaryllis, which have become resistant to PPO inhibitors due to the involvement of CYP or GST. Specifically, waterhemp that has become resistant to carfentrazone ethyl is known (PLOS ONE, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0215431). Even if the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have herbicide resistance of the non-active site mutation type, they can still be effectively controlled by the present invention.

[0015] In the method of the present invention, the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are not particularly limited in terms of intraspecific variation in traits other than PPO inhibitor resistance. That is, they may also have traits of reduced sensitivity or resistance to specific herbicides other than PPO inhibitors. The reduced sensitivity or resistance may be due to an active site mutation in which a mutation occurs at the target site, or may be due to a non-active site mutation. Non-acting point mutations include metabolic enhancement, malabsorption, transport defects, and excretion. Factors that contribute to metabolic enhancement include increased activity of metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, aryl acylamidase, esterase, and glutathione S-transferase. Factors that contribute to excretion include transport to the vacuole by ABC transporters. Examples of the site mutation include one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the acetolactate synthase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as ALS) gene: Ala122Thr, Ala122Val, Ala122Tyr, Pro197Ser, Pro197His, Pro197Thr, Pro197Arg, Pro197Leu, Pro197Gln, Pro197Ala, Pro197Ile, Ala205Val, Ala205Phe, Asp376Glu, Arg377His, Trp574Leu, Trp574Gly, Trp574Met, Ser653Thr, Ser653Thr, Ser653Asn, Ser635Ile, Gly654Glu, Gly645Asp. Examples of reduced susceptibility of weeds due to site mutations include reduced susceptibility due to one or more of the following amino acid substitutions in the ACCase gene. Ile1781Leu, Ile1781Val, Ile1781Thr, Trp1999Cys, Trp1999Leu, Ala2004Val, Trp2027Cys, Ile2041Asn, Ile2041Val, Asp2078Gly, Cys2088Arg, Gly2096Ala. Similarly, examples of reduced susceptibility of weeds due to site-of-action mutations include amino acid substitutions such as Thr102Ile, Pro106Ser, Pro106Ala, Pro106Leu, and Pro106Thr in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene. In particular, those with both the Thr102Ile and Pro106Ser amino acid substitutions and those with both the Thr102Ile and Pro106Thr amino acid substitutions are included. Glyphosate-resistant weeds with one or more of these amino acid substitutions, such as goosegrass, ryegrass, barley, ryegrass, large crabgrass, waterhemp, Bidens subalternans, and barnyardgrass, are effectively controlled even if they are also resistant to PPO inhibitors. Similarly, an example of reduced susceptibility in weeds with a target mutation is an increase in the copy number of the EPSPS gene, which allows glyphosate-resistant plants such as amaryllis, waterhemp, and kochia to be effectively controlled even if they are also resistant to PPO inhibitors. Glyphosate-resistant plants such as artemisia, ragweed, and ragweed, which are resistant to ABC transporters, are also effectively controlled even if they contain a PPO target mutation. Another example of reduced susceptibility in a non-target mutation weed is barnyardgrass, which has reduced susceptibility to glyphosate due to increased expression of aldo-keto reductase (Plant Physiology 181, 1519-1534). This barnyardgrass is effectively controlled even if it is also resistant to PPO inhibitors.

[0016] Specific examples of PPO inhibitor-resistant weed species in the method of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following: Urticaceae weeds: Urtica urens Polygonaceae weeds: Bindweed (Polygonum convolvulus), Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, Polygonum longisetum, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum arenastrum, Polygonum cuspidatum, Rumex japonicus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, and Rumex acetosa. Portulacaceae weeds: Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Caryophyllaceae weeds: chickweed (Stellaria media), cow chickweed (Stellaria aquatica), earweed (Cerastium holosteoides), Dutch earweed (Cerastium glomeratum), giant clover (Spergula arvensis), and Silene gallica Molluginaceae: Wood mulberry (Mollugo verticillata) Chenopodiaceae weeds: Chenopodium album, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Kochia scoparia, Salsola kali, Atriplex spp.

[0017] Amaranthaceae weeds: Amaranthus retroflexus, Amaranthus viridis, Amaranthus lividus, Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus palmeri, Amaranthus patulus, Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus = Amaranthus rudis = Amaranthus tamariscinus), American blackweed (Amaranthus blitoides), Amaranthus deflexus, Amaranthus quitensis, Alternanthera philoxeroides), Alternative vine (Alternanthera sessilis), Sanguinaria (Alternanthera tenella) Papaveraceae (weeds): Corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas), long-legged poppy (Papaver dubium), and thistle poppy (Argemone mexicana) Brassicaceae weeds: Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum), radish (Raphanus sativus), wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), mustard (Brassica juncea), rapeseed (Brassica napus), ragweed (Descurainia pinnata), burdock (Rorippa islandica), mustard (Rorippa sylvestris), shepherd's purse (Thlaspi arvense), mustard (Myagrum rugosum), shepherd's purse (Lepidium virginicum), shepherd's purse (Coronopus didymus) Capparaceae weed: Cleome affinis

[0018] Legume weeds (Fabaceae): Water hyacinth (Aeschynomene indica), zigzag-jointed vetch (Aeschynomene rudis), American hornbeam (Sesbania exaltata), Slipper grass (Cassia obtusifolia), Boxweed (Cassia occidentalis), Day bush clover (Desmodium tortuosum), Field bush clover (Desmodium adscendens), Illinois bush clover (Desmodium illinoense), White clover (Trifolium repens), Kudzu (Pueraria lobata), Vetch (Vicia angustifolia), Japanese ragwort (Indigofera hirsuta), Indigofera truxillensis, and Wild cowpea (Vigna sinensis) Oxalidaceae: Wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata), wood sorrel (Oxalis stricta), and Oxalis oxyptera Geraniaceae weeds: American buttercup (Geranium carolinense), Dutch buttercup (Erodium cicutarium) Euphorbiaceae weeds: Spurge (Euphorbia helioscopia), Western weed (Euphorbia maculata), Western weed (Euphorbia humistrata), Common grass (Euphorbia esula), Cardinal flower (Euphorbia heterophylla), Hyssop-leaf sand mat (Euphorbia brasiliensis), Chinese hackberry (Acalypha australis), Tropic croton (Croton glandulosus), Lobed croton (Croton lobatus), Brazilian phyllanthus (Phyllanthus corcovadensis), and Castor bean (Ricinus communis)

[0019] Malvaceae: Abutilon theophrasti, Sida rhombifolia, Sida cordifolia, Sida spinosa, Sida glaziovii, Sida santaremnensis, Hibiscus trionum, Caladium laurel, Malvastrum coromandelianum Onagraceae weeds: Ludwigia epilobioides, Ludwigia octovalvis, Ludwigia decurrens, Oenothera biennis, Oenothera laciniata Sterculiaceae: Waltheria indica Violaceae weeds: Viola arvensis, Viola tricolor Cucurbitaceae: Sicyos angulatus, wild cucumber (Echinocystis lobata), wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia) Lythraceae weeds: Ammannia multiflora, Ammannia auriculata, Ammannia coccinea, Lythrum salicaria, Rotala indica Elatinaceae: Elatine triandra, California waterwort

[0020] Apiaceae weeds: Oenanthe javanica, Daucus carota, Conium maculatum Araliaceae: Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, Brazilian Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Ceratophyllaceae weeds: Ceratophyllum demersum Cabombaceae: Cabomba caroliniana Haloragaceae weeds: Myriophyllum aquaticum, Myriophyllum verticillatum, watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, etc.) Sapindaceae weeds: Cardiospermum halicacabum Primulaceae weeds: Anagallis arvensis Asclepiadaceae: Giant milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), honeyvine milkweed (Ampelamus albidus) Rubiaceae weeds: Catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine), cleaver (Galium spurium var. echinospermon), broadleaf weed (Spermacoce latifolia), Brazilian false hawkweed (Richardia brasiliensis), winged phallus buttonweed (Borreria alata)

[0021] Convolvulaceae weeds: Morning glory (Ipomoea nil), American morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea), round morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), round morning glory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula), common morning glory (Ipomoea lacunosa), starry morning glory (Ipomoea triloba), common morning glory (Ipomoea acuminata), ivy weed (Ipomoea hederifolia), common morning glory (Ipomoea coccinea), morning glory (Ipomoea quamoclit), Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea aristolochiaefolia, sweet bindweed (Ipomoea cairica), European bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis), Little bindweed (Calystegia hederacea), Bindweed (Calystegia japonica), Ivy bindweed (Merremia hederacea), Hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia), Roadside woodrose (Merremia cissoides), Morning glory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia) Boraginaceae weeds: Forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis) Lamiaceae weeds: Lamium purpureum, Lamium amplexicaule, Leonotis nepetaefolia, Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis lophanta, Leonurus sibiricus, Stachys arvensis

[0022] Solanaceae weeds: Datura stramonium, Solanum nigrum, Solanum americanum, Solanum ptycanthum, Solanum sarrachoides, Solanum rostratum, Solanum aculeatissimum, Solanum sisymbriifolium, Solanum carolinense, Solanum angulata, Solanum smooth ground cherry, Solanum subglabrata, Solanum physalodes Scrophulariaceae weeds: Veronica hederaefolia, Veronica persica, Veronica arvensis, Lindernia procumbens, Lindernia dubia, Lindernia angustifolia, Bacopa rotundifolia, Dopatrium junceum, Gratiola japonica Plantaginaceae: Plantain (Plantago asiatica), Plantain (Plantago lanceolata), Common plantain (Plantago major), Water chickweed (Callitriche palustris)

[0023] Asteraceae weeds: Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum), Giant cocklebur (Xanthium occidentale), Brimbur (Xanthium italicum), Wild sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), Chamomile (Matricaria perforata), Corn marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum), Oriental daisy (Matricaria matricarioides), Wormwood (Artemisia princeps), Artemisia vulgaris, Chinese mugwort (Artemisia verlotorum), Goldenrod (Solidago altissima), Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), Starburst weed (Galinsoga ciliata), and Oriental daisy (Galinsoga parviflora, Senecio vulgaris, Senecio brasiliensis, Senecio grisebachii, Conyza bonariensis, Conyza smatrensis, Conyza canadensis, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Bidens tripartita, Bidens pilosa, Bidens frondosa, Bidens subalternans, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium serrata vulgare), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), musk thistle (Carduus nutans), thorny lettuce (Lactuca serriola), sowweed (Sonchus oleraceus), common sowweed (Sonchus asper), beach creeping oxeye (Wedeliaglauca, Perfoliate Blackfoot (Melampodium perfoliatum), Marshmallow Weed (Emilia sonchifolia), Shiozaki (Tagetes minuta), Paracles (Blainvillea latifolia), Japanese Stinging Star (Tridax procumbens), Yerba Polosa (Porophyllum ruderale), Paraguay Starburst (Acanthospermum australe), Bristle Starburst (Acanthospermum hispidum), Balloon Vine (Cardiospermum halicacabum), Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides), Common Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), Dandloose Flower (Erechtites hieracifolia), American Everlasting (Gamochaeta spicata), White-legged Weed (Gnaphalium spicatum, Jaegeria hirta, Parthenium hysterophorus, Siegesbeckia orientalis, Soliva sessilis, Eclipta prostrata, Eclipta alba, Centipeda minima

[0024] Alismataceae weeds: Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Sagittaria montevidensis, Sagittaria aginashi, Alisma canaliculatum, Alisma plantago-aquatica Limnocharitaceae weeds: Limnocharis flava Hydrocharitaceae: Frogbit (Limnobium spongia), Hydrilla verticillata, Common water nymph (Najas guadalupensis) Araceae weeds: Water duckweed (Pistia stratiotes) Duckweeds (Lemnaceae): Duckweed (Lemna aoukikusa, Lemna paucicostata, Lemna aequinoctialis), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), Wolffia spp. Potamogetonaceae: Pondweed (Potamogeton distinctus), Pondweeds (Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton illinoensis, Stuckenia pectinata, etc.) Liliaceae: Wild onion (Allium canadense), wild garlic (Allium vineale), and wild nobile (Allium macrostemon) Pontederiaceae weeds: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), American whiteweed (Heteranthera limosa), water hyacinth (Monochoria korsakowii), and whiteweed (Monochoria vaginalis) Commelinaceae weeds: Commelina communis, Commelina benghalensis, Commelina erecta, Murdannia keisak

[0025] Grass weeds (Poaceae): Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), Oriental watergrass (Echinochloa oryzicola), Oriental watergrass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. formosensis), Latewatergrass (Echinochloa oryzoides), Oriental barnyard grass (Echinochloa colona), Gulf cockspur (Echinochloa crus-pavonis), Green foxtail (Setaria viridis), Setaria faberi, Golden foxtail (Setaria glauca), American green foxtail (Setaria geniculata), Large crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris), Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Jamaican crabgrass (Digitaria horizontalis), Large crabgrass (Digitaria insularis), Goosegrass (Eleusine indica), annual bluegrass (Poa annua), annual bluegrass (Poa trivialis), longgrass (Poa pratensis), annual foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis), blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides), wild oat (Avena fatua), common sorghum (Sorghum halepense), shattercane (Sorghum vulgare), quackgrass (Agropyron repens), loosegrass (Lolium multiflorum), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), barley (Lolium rigidum), corngrass (Bromus catharticus), bromegrass (Bromus sterilis), annual bluegrass (Bromus japonicus), common bromegrass (Bromus secalinus), and horsegrass (Bromus tectorum), Hordeum jubatum, Goat wheat (Aegilops cylindrica), Phalaris arundinacea, Phalaris arundinaceaminor), Silky bentgrass (Apera spica-venti), Common sorghum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), Texas panicum (Panicum texanum), Guinea millet (Panicum maximum), American millet (Brachiaria platyphylla), Ruzigrass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), Alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea), Surinamegrass (Brachiaria decumbens), Palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha), Columbiagrass (Brachiaria humidicola), Sinqueweed moth (Cenchrus echinatus), Small chestnut moth (Cenchrus pauciflorus), Narco barnyard grass (Eriochloa villosa), Pennisetum (Pennisetum setosum), African sorghum (Chloris gayana), Large sorghum (Chloris virgata, Eragrostis pilosa, Ruby grass (Rhynchelytrum repens), Seagrass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium), Taiwan grass (Ischaemum rugosum), Isachne globosa, Wild rice (Oryza sativa), American paspalum (Paspalum notatum), Coastal sand paspalum (Paspalum maritimum), Japanese knotgrass (Paspalum distichum), Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), Narrow-leaved grass (Pennisetum setosum), Horngrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis), Japanese ragwort (Leptochloa chinensis), Japanese oak grass (Leptochloa fascicularis), Leptochloa filiformis, Amazon sprangle top (Leptochloa panicoides), Leersia japonica, Leersiasayanuka, Leersia oryzoides, Duckgrass (Glyceria leptorrhiza), Mudgrass (Glyceria acutiflora), Loach (Glyceria maxima), Marsh marsh (Agrostis gigantea), Scarlet marsh (Agrostis stolonifera), Horsegrass (Cynodon dactylon), Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata), Centipede grass (Eremochloa ophiuroides), Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), Big fescue (Festuca rubra), Imperata cylindrica, Miscanthus sinensis, Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), Zoysia japonica)

[0026] Cyperaceae weeds: Cyperus microiria, Cyperus iria, Cyperus compressus, Cyperus difformis, Cyperus flaccidus, Cyperus globosus, Cyperus nipponicus, Cyperus odoratus, Cyperus serotinus, Cyperus rotundus, Cyperus esculentus, Kylerius gracillima, Kylerius brevifolia, Fimbristylis miliacea, Japanese trevally (Fimbristylis dichotoma), Japanese shrike (Eleocharis acicularis), Japanese water guayaba (Eleocharis kuroguwai), Japanese bulrush (Schoenoplectiella hotarui), Japanese bulrush (Schoenoplectiella juncoides), Taiwan mountain scallop (Schoenoplectiella wallichii), Japanese scallop (Schoenoplectiella mucronatus), Japanese scallop (Schoenoplectiella triangulatus), Japanese sea bass (Schoenoplectiella nipponicus), Japanese triangular scallop (Schoenoplectiella triqueter), Japanese club-headed ... Horsetail weeds (Equisetaceae): Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Horsetail (Equisetum palustre) Salviniaceae weeds: Salvinia natans Azollaceae: Azolla japonica, Azolla pinnata Marsileaceae weeds: Marsilea quadrifolia Others: suckers of filamentous algae (Pithophora, Cladophora), mosses, liverworts, hornworts, cyanobacteria, ferns, and perennial plants (pome fruits, stone fruits, berries, nuts, citrus fruits, hops, grapes, etc.).

[0027] The method of the present invention is preferably applied to the above-mentioned weed species, and more preferably to one or more weed species selected from the group consisting of amaryllis, waterhemp, common ragweed, giant ragweed and Japanese cornflower.

[0028] The growth stage of the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds that can be controlled by the method of the present invention is the cotyledon to two-leaf stage, specifically the cotyledon, one-leaf, or two-leaf stage.

[0029] The application rate of flumioxazin in the method of the present invention is 10,000 m 2 200-600g per 10,000ml 2 210-420g per unit, preferably 10,000m 2 224 to 350g per unit, more preferably 10,000m 2 The above treatment amounts can also be expressed as "approximately." "Approximately" means plus or minus 10%, for example, approximately 200 g means 180 to 220 g. "Approximately" can be used in the same sense not only for treatment amounts, but also for numerical values ​​described herein, such as spray volume, percentage, parts per million (ppm), volume median diameter, magnification, and ratio. Flumioxazin can be applied by spraying it on infested weeds (foliar spray). Spraying is usually carried out by mixing a formulation containing flumioxazin with water to prepare a spray solution, which is then applied using a sprayer equipped with a nozzle. The amount of spray solution is not particularly limited, but is usually 10,000 m 2 50 to 1000L per unit, preferably 10,000m 2 100 to 500L per unit, preferably 10,000m 2 The average volume is 140 to 300 liters per unit. Flumioxazin may be used in combination with an adjuvant. The type of adjuvant is not particularly limited, but examples include oil-based adjuvants such as Agri-Dex and MSO, nonionic adjuvants (polyoxyethylene esters or ethers) such as Induce, anionic adjuvants (substituted sulfonates) such as Gramin S, cationic adjuvants (polyoxyethylene amines) such as Genamin T 200BM, and organic silicone adjuvants such as Silwet L77. Furthermore, drift-reducing agents such as Intact (polyethylene glycol) may also be used. The pH and hardness of the spray solution are not particularly limited, but are usually pH 5 to 9, and the hardness is usually 0 to 500 ppm on the American hardness scale. The time period for applying flumioxazin is not particularly limited, but is usually between 5:00 AM and 9:00 PM, and the photon flux is usually between 10 and 2500 μmol / m 2 / second. The spray pressure when applying flumioxazin is not particularly limited, but is usually 30 to 120 PSI, preferably 40 to 80 PSI.

[0030] In the method of the present invention, flumioxazin is typically mixed with a carrier such as a solid carrier or a liquid carrier, and formulations containing formulation adjuvants such as surfactants are added as needed to prepare the formulation. Preferred formulations include soluble liquids, soluble granules, aqueous liquid suspensions, oily liquid suspensions, wettable dusts, water-dispersible granules, granules, aqueous emulsions, oily emulsions, suspoemulsions, and emulsifiable concentrates. Aqueous liquid suspensions are more preferred. Formulations containing flumioxazin as the sole active ingredient may be used alone, or may be mixed with formulations containing other herbicides as active ingredients. Formulations containing flumioxazin and other herbicides as active ingredients may also be used. Furthermore, a formulation containing flumioxazin and other herbicides as active ingredients may be mixed with a formulation containing a different herbicide as an active ingredient. The proportion of the active ingredients (flumioxazin or the total of flumioxazin and other herbicides) in the formulation is usually 0.01 to 90% by weight, and preferably 1 to 80% by weight.

[0031] The nozzle used to apply flumioxazin in the method of the present invention may be either a flat fan nozzle or a drift-reducing nozzle. Examples of flat fan nozzles include Teejet's Teejt110 series and XR Teejet110 series. These nozzles operate at normal spray pressures, typically 30 to 120 PSI, and the volume median diameter of droplets discharged from the nozzle is typically less than 430 microns. A drift-reducing nozzle is a nozzle that reduces drift compared to a flat fan nozzle, and is known as an air induction nozzle or pre-orifice nozzle. The volume median diameter of droplets discharged from a drift-reducing nozzle is typically 430 microns or greater. An air induction nozzle has an air introduction section between the nozzle inlet (chemical introduction section) and outlet (chemical discharge section), and forms droplets filled with air by mixing air into the chemical. Examples of air induction nozzles include Green Leaf Technology's TDXL11003-D, TDXL11004-D1, TDXL11005-D1, and TDXL11006-D; Teejet's TTI110025, TTI11003, TTI11004, TTI11005, TTI110061, and TTI110081; and Pentair's ULD120-041, ULD120-051, and ULD120-061. TTI11004 is particularly desirable. A pre-orifice nozzle has a metering orifice at the nozzle inlet (chemical introduction point), which restricts the flow rate into the nozzle and reduces the pressure inside the nozzle, forming larger droplets. This reduces the pressure during discharge by roughly half compared to before introduction. Examples of pre-orifice nozzles include Wilger's DR110-10, UR110-05, UR110-06, UR110-08, and UR110-10, and Teejet's 1 / 4TTJ08 Turf Jet and 1 / 4TTJ04 Turf Jet.

[0032] The sprayer used to apply flumioxazin in the method of the present invention may be a hooded sprayer certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for drift reduction technology (DRT). Examples of DRT-certified hooded sprayers include the REDBALL 642, REDBALL 642E, REDBALL SPK645, REDBALL 645, REDBALL 645T, REDBALL SP645, and REDBALL ATV642, all manufactured by Willmar Fabrication LLC.

[0033] In the method of the present invention, locations where PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds grow include non-agricultural land and cultivated land. Examples of non-agricultural land include railways, factory sites, under pipelines, roadsides, parks, and embankments. Agricultural land is not particularly limited as long as it is a location where crops such as agricultural products are cultivated, and examples include fields, paddy fields, seedling trays, seedling boxes, and nurseries. Examples of crops cultivated in agricultural land include the following:

[0034] Corn (horse-tooth, hard-grain, soft-grain, explosive, glutinous, sweet, field corn), rice (long-grain, short-grain, medium-grain, japonica, tropical japonica, indica, javanica, paddy, upland, floating, direct-seeded, transplanted, glutinous), wheat (bread wheat (hard, soft, medium, red, white), durum, spelt, club, each winter and spring type), barley (two-rowed barley (=malting barley), six-rowed barley, naked barley, waxy barley, each winter and spring type), rye (winter rye, spring rye) type), triticale (winter triticale type, spring triticale type), oats (winter oat type, spring oat type), sorghum, cotton (upland type, pima type), soybean (fully harvested seed varieties, edamame varieties, green-harvested varieties, indeterminate, determinate, and semi-determinate types), peanuts, buckwheat, sugar beet (sugar production, animal feed, root vegetable, leafy vegetable, fuel), rapeseed (winter rapeseed type, spring rapeseed type), canola (winter canola type, spring canola type), sunflower (oil production, food, ornamental), sugarcane, tobacco, tea plant, mulberry, solanaceous vegetables (eggplant, tomato, bell pepper, chili pepper) vegetables (cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, watermelon, melon, etc.), cruciferous vegetables (radish, turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, mustard greens, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.), Asteraceae vegetables (burdock, chrysanthemum, artichoke, lettuce, etc.), lily vegetables (leeks, onions, garlic, asparagus, etc.), Apiaceae vegetables (carrots, parsley, celery, parsley, etc.), Chenopodiaceae vegetables (spinach, Swiss chard, etc.), Lamiaceae vegetables (perilla, mint, basil, etc.), strawberries, sweet potatoes, yams, scallions, Sweet potatoes, pome fruits (apples, European pears, Japanese pears, Chinese pears, quince, quince, etc.), stone fruits (peaches, plums, nectarines, plums, cherries, apricots, prunes, etc.), citrus fruits (Satsuma mandarins, oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruits, etc.), nuts (chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, pistachios, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc.), berries (blueberries, cranberries, blackberries, raspberries, etc.), grapes, persimmons, figs, olives, loquats, bananas, coffee, dates, coconuts, ornamental plants, forest plants,Turfgrass, pasture grass,

[0035] The method of the present invention is preferably applied to a field where the crop is cultivated, particularly one or more selected from the group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, canola, rice, wheat, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, and sunflower.

[0036] The crop is not particularly limited as long as it is a variety that is commonly cultivated as a crop. The plant variety may be a plant that can be produced by natural crossbreeding, a plant that can be generated by mutation, an F1 hybrid plant, or a transgenic plant (also called a genetically modified crop). These plants generally have characteristics such as conferring resistance to herbicides, accumulating toxic substances against pests, suppressing susceptibility to diseases, increasing yield potential, improving resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors, accumulating substances, and improving storability and processability.

[0037] An F1 hybrid plant is a first-generation hybrid obtained by crossing two varieties of different lineages, and generally has hybrid vigor characteristics that are superior to those of either parent. A transgenic plant is a plant into which foreign genes have been introduced from other organisms, such as microorganisms, and which has characteristics that cannot be easily obtained by cross-breeding, mutagenesis, or natural recombination in the natural environment.

[0038] Technologies for producing such plants include, for example, conventional breeding techniques, genetic engineering, genomic breeding, new breeding techniques, and genome editing. Conventional breeding techniques involve obtaining plants with desirable traits through mutation or crossbreeding. Genetic engineering involves extracting a gene (DNA) of interest from one organism (e.g., a microorganism) and introducing it into the genome of another target organism to confer new traits to that organism. Antisense and RNA interference techniques also confer new or improved characteristics by silencing other genes present in the plant. Genomic breeding techniques use genomic information to improve the efficiency of breeding and include DNA marker (also called genome marker or gene marker) breeding and genomic selection. For example, DNA marker breeding is a method of selecting progeny carrying a desired gene for a useful trait from multiple progeny using DNA markers, which are DNA sequences that mark the location of specific useful trait genes on the genome. This method has the advantage of being able to effectively shorten the time required for breeding by analyzing the progeny of the cross using DNA markers when they are still young plants. Genomic selection is a method of creating a prediction formula based on previously obtained phenotype and genomic information, and predicting characteristics from the formula and genomic information without evaluating the phenotype. This technology can contribute to the efficiency of breeding. New breeding techniques are a general term for plant improvement (breeding) techniques that combine molecular biological methods. Examples include cisgenesis / intragenesis, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, genome editing, grafting onto GM rootstocks or scions, reverse breeding, agroinfiltration, and seed production technology (SPT). Genome editing is a technique for sequence-specifically modifying genetic information, allowing for deletion of base sequences, substitution of amino acid sequences, and introduction of foreign genes. For example, such tools include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), TALEN, CRISPR / Cas9, CRISPER / Cpf1, and meganuclease, which are capable of sequence-specific DNA cleavage, as well as sequence-specific genome modification technologies such as CAS9 nickase and Target-AID, which are created by modifying the aforementioned tools.

[0039] Examples of the above-mentioned plants include those listed in the GM Approval Database on the electronic information site of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications (ISAAA) (http: / / www.isaaa.org / ). More specifically, these include herbicide-resistant plants, pest-resistant plants, disease-resistant plants, plants with modified product (e.g., starch, amino acids, fatty acids, etc.) quality (e.g., increased or decreased content or altered composition), fertility-modified plants, abiotic stress-tolerant plants, and plants with modified growth or yield traits.

[0040] Examples of plants that have been made tolerant to herbicides include: Herbicide resistance is achieved by reducing the affinity of the herbicide to its target, by expressing enzymes that inactivate the herbicide, by rapidly metabolizing the herbicide (degrading, modifying, etc.), or by inhibiting the uptake or translocation of the herbicide into the plant.

[0041] Plants that have been conferred herbicide tolerance through genetic engineering include those that have been conferred tolerance through genetic engineering to PPO inhibitors such as flumioxazin, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors such as isoxaflutole and mesotrione, ALS inhibitors such as imidazolinone herbicides including imazethapyr and sulfonylurea herbicides including thifensulfuron methyl, EPSPS inhibitors such as glyphosate, glutamine synthase inhibitors such as glufosinate, auxin-type herbicides such as 2,4-D, and oxynil herbicides including bromoxynil. In the method of the present invention, the herbicide-resistant plants are preferably plants (crops) that have been conferred tolerance to PPO inhibitors, i.e., PPO inhibitor-resistant plants. Preferred herbicide-tolerant transgenic plants are cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats, canola, sorghum, soybean, rice, rapeseed, sugar beet, sugarcane, grapes, lentils, sunflower, alfalfa, pome fruits, stone fruits, and vegetables such as coffee, tea, strawberry, turfgrass, tomato, potato, cucumber, and lettuce, more preferably cereals such as wheat, barley, rye, and oats, soybean, rice, vine, tomato, potato, and pome fruits. Specific herbicide-tolerant plants are shown below. PPO inhibitor-resistant plants include plants to which a PPO with reduced affinity for a PPO inhibitor has been imparted by genetic engineering, and plants to which a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that detoxifies and decomposes a PPO inhibitor has also been imparted. Alternatively, the plants may be plants to which both the PPO and the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase have been imparted. These plants are described in known literature, such as patent documents such as WO2011085221, WO2012080975, WO2014030090, WO2015022640, WO2015022636, WO2015022639, WO2015092706, WO2016203377, WO2017198859, WO2018019860, WO2018022777, WO2017112589, WO2017087672, WO2017039969, and WO2017023778, as well as non-patent documents (Pest Management Science, 61, 2005, 277-285). Glyphosate herbicide-resistant plants can be obtained by introducing one or more of the following genes: the glyphosate-resistant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4; the glyphosate-metabolizing enzyme gene (glyphosate N-acetyltransferase) derived from Bacillus licheniformis with enhanced metabolic activity (gat4601, gat4621) through shuffling; the glyphosate-metabolizing enzyme (glyphosate oxidase gene, goxv247) derived from Ochrobacterum anthropi strain LBAA; or the EPSPS gene (mepsps, 2mepsps) derived from maize with glyphosate-resistant mutations. The main plants to which glyphosate tolerance is applied include alfalfa (Medicago sativa), Argentine canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera), corn (Zea mays L.), Polish canola (Brassica rapa), potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Several glyphosate-tolerant transgenic plants are commercially available. For example, genetically modified plants that express glyphosate-resistant EPSPS derived from Agrobacterium are sold under trade names including "Roundup Ready (registered trademark)," genetically modified plants that express glyphosate-metabolizing enzymes derived from Bacillus bacteria whose metabolic activity has been enhanced by shuffling technology are sold under trade names such as "Optimum (registered trademark) GAT (trademark)" and "Optimum (registered trademark) Gly canola," and genetically modified plants that express EPSPS with a glyphosate-resistant mutation derived from corn are sold under the trade name "GlyTol (trademark)." Glufosinate herbicide-tolerant plants: These plants can be obtained by introducing one or more of the following genes: the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) gene (bar), a glufosinate-metabolizing enzyme derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) gene (pat), a glufosinate-metabolizing enzyme derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes; or the synthetic pat gene (pat syn), derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes strain Tu494. The main plants include Argentine canola (Brassica napus), chicory (Cichorium intybus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), Polish canola (Brassica rapa), rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Several glufosinate-tolerant transgenic plants are commercially available. Transgenic plants derived from Streptomyces hygroscopicus (bar) and Streptomyces viridochromogenes are sold under brand names including LibertyLink™, InVigor™, and WideStrike™. Oxynil-resistant herbicides (e.g., bromoxynil)-resistant plants: Transgenic plants resistant to oxynil herbicides (e.g., bromoxynil) are available, which have been introduced with the nitrilase gene (bxn), an enzyme that metabolizes oxynil herbicides (e.g., bromoxynil) derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. Ozaenae. Major plants include Argentine canola (Brassica napus), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). These plants are sold under brand names including "Navigator™ canola" or "BXN™." ALS herbicide-resistant plants: Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) varieties "Moondust™," "Moonshadow™," "Moonshade™," "Moonlite™," "Moonaqua™," "Moonvista™," "Moonique™," "Moonpearl™," "Moonberry™," and "Moonvelvet™" that incorporate the ALS gene (surB) from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) conferring ALS herbicide resistance as a selection marker; Flax (Linum usitatissumum L.) "CDC Triffid Flax" that incorporates the ALS gene (als) from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) conferring ALS herbicide resistance; and Corn (Zea mays L.) "Optimum™" that incorporates the ALS gene (zm-hra) from corn conferring ALS herbicide resistance and is resistant to sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. These soybeans are sold under the trade names "GAT™"; "Cultivance," a soybean that is tolerant to imidazolinone herbicides and that has been introduced with the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (csr1-2) derived from Arabidopsis; and "Treus™," "Plenish™," and "Optimum GAT™," soybeans that are tolerant to sulfonylurea herbicides and that have been introduced with the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (gm-hra) derived from soybean (Glycine max). There is also cotton that has been introduced with the ALS herbicide-tolerant ALS gene (S4-HrA) derived from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi). HPPD herbicide-resistant plants: Soybeans into which the HPPD gene (avhppd-03) derived from oat (Avena sativa) that is resistant to mesotrione and the gene (pat) for the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) enzyme that is resistant to mesotrione, a glufosinate-metabolizing enzyme derived from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, have been introduced simultaneously are sold under the brand name "Herbicide-tolerant Soybean line." 2,4-D-tolerant plants: Maize introduced with the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene (aad-1), a 2,4-D metabolic enzyme derived from Sphingobium herbicidovorans, is sold under the brand name "Enlist™ Maize." Soybeans and cotton introduced with the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase gene (aad-12), a 2,4-D metabolic enzyme derived from Delftia acidovorans, are sold under the brand name "Enlist™ Soybean." Dicamba-tolerant plants include soybeans and cotton introduced with the dicamba monooxygenase gene (dmo), a dicamba-metabolizing enzyme derived from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain DI-6. Soybeans (Glycine max L.) introduced with the glyphosate-tolerant EPSPS gene (CP4 epsps) derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 are sold under the trade name "Genuity® Roundup Ready™ 2 Xtend™." Examples of commercially available transgenic plants that have been conferred herbicide tolerance include glyphosate-tolerant corn ('Roundup Ready Corn', 'Roundup Ready 2', 'Agrisure GT', 'Agrisure GT / CB / LL', 'Agrisure GT / RW', 'Agrisure 3000GT', 'YieldGard VT Rootworm / RR2', and 'YieldGard VT Triple'); glyphosate-tolerant soybean ('Roundup Ready Soybean' and 'Optimum GAT'); glyphosate-tolerant cotton ('Roundup Ready Cotton' and 'Roundup Ready Flex'); glyphosate-tolerant canola ('Roundup Ready Canola'); glyphosate-tolerant alfalfa ('Roundup Ready Alfalfa'); glyphosate-tolerant rice ('Roundup Ready Rice'); and glufosinate-tolerant corn ('Roundup Ready 2', 'Liberty Link', and 'Herculex'). 1", "Herculex RW", "Herculex Xtra", "Agrisure GT / CB / LL", "Agrisure CB / LL / RW" and "Bt10"; glufosinate-tolerant cotton "FiberMax Liberty Link"; glufosinate-tolerant rice "Liberty Link Rice"; glufosinate-tolerant canola "in Vigor"; glufosinate-tolerant rice "Liberty Link Rice" (Bayer); bromoxynil-tolerant cotton "BXN";Examples include canola "Navigator" and "Compass" that are tolerant to bromoxynil. Additional plants modified with herbicides are widely known, such as alfalfa, apple, barley, eucalyptus, flax, grape, lentil, rapeseed, pea, potato, rice, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco, tomato, turfgrass, and wheat that are tolerant to glyphosate (see, e.g., US5188642, US4940835, US5633435, US5804425, US5627061); bean, cotton, soybean, pea, potato, sunflower, tomato, tamarind, and dicamba-tolerant plants. wheat, corn, sorghum and sugarcane (see, e.g., WO2008051633, US7105724 and US5670454); soybean, sugar beet, potato, tomato and tobacco that are resistant to glufosinate (see, e.g., US6376754, US5646024, US5561236); cotton, peppers, apple, tomato, sunflower, tobacco, potato, corn, cucumber, wheat, soybean, sorghum and millet that are resistant to 2,4-D (see, e.g., US6153401, US6100446, WO2005107437, US5608147 and US5670454); ALS inhibitors (e.g., sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides-tolerant canola, corn, millet, barley, cotton, mustard, lettuce, lentil, melon, foxtail millet, oat, rapeseed, potato, rice, rye, sorghum, soybean, sugar beet, sunflower, tobacco, tomato and wheat (see, e.g., US5013659, WO2006060634, US4761373, US5304732, US6211438, US6211439 and In particular, rice plants that are resistant to imidazolinone herbicides are known, and rice plants with specific ALS mutations (e.g., S653N, S654K, A122T, S653(At)N, S654(At)K, A122(At)T, etc. are known (see, for example, US 2003 / 0217381 and WO200520673);Barley, sugarcane, rice, corn, tobacco, soybean, cotton, rapeseed, sugar beet, wheat, and potato are also known to be resistant to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides (e.g., isoxazole herbicides such as isoxaflutole, triketone herbicides such as sulcotrione and mesotrione, pyrazole herbicides such as pyrazolinates, and diketonitrile decomposition products of isoxaflutole) (see, for example, WO2004 / 055191, WO199638567, WO1997049816, and US6791014).

[0042] Examples of plants conferring herbicide tolerance through genome editing include "SU Canola®," a canola strain with sulfonylurea herbicide tolerance developed using the Rapid Trait Development System (RTDS®). RTDS® is a genome editing technology called oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis, which uses gene repair oligonucleotides (GRONs), a chimeric DNA-RNA oligonucleotide, to introduce mutations without cleaving the plant's DNA. Other examples include maize, which has herbicide tolerance and reduced phytic acid content, achieved by deleting the endogenous IPK1 gene using zinc finger nucleases (see, for example, Nature 459, 437-441, 2009); and rice, which has been conferred herbicide tolerance using CRISPR-Cas9 (see, for example, Rice 7, 5, 2014).

[0043] An example of a plant that has been given herbicide resistance through new breeding techniques is GM rootstocks, a grafting-based breeding technique, which imparts properties to scions. For example, glyphosate-resistant Roundup Ready® soybean was used as a rootstock to impart glyphosate resistance to non-transgenic soybean scions (see Weed Technology 27:412-416, 2013).

[0044] Plants that have been conferred herbicide tolerance by conventional breeding techniques or genomic breeding techniques include, for example, "Clearfield Rice," "Clearfield Wheat," "Clearfield Sunflower," "Clearfield lentils," and "Clearfield canola" (BASF products) that are resistant to imidazolinone ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as imazethapyr and imazamox; "STS soybean," which is resistant to sulfonyl ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as thifensulfuron methyl; "SR corn," which is resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (hereinafter abbreviated as ACCase) inhibitors such as trione oxime and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides; and "Poast Protected (registered trademark)," which is resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (hereinafter abbreviated as ACCase) inhibitors such as trione oxime and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides. corn"; for example, "ExpressSun®" sunflower that is resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides such as tribenuron; "Rovisia® Rice" rice that is resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors such as quizalofop; and "Triazinon Tolerant Canola" canola that is resistant to photosystem II inhibitors.

[0045] The above-mentioned plants include lines that have been conferred two or more of the aforementioned abiotic stress resistance, disease resistance, herbicide resistance, pest resistance, growth or yield traits, nutrient uptake, product quality, fertility traits, etc. using genetic engineering technology, conventional breeding technology, genome breeding technology, new breeding technology, genome editing technology, etc., as well as lines that have been conferred two or more traits possessed by parent lines by crossing plants with similar or different traits.

[0046] Commercially available plants that have been made tolerant to two or more herbicides include, for example, glyphosate- and glufosinate-tolerant cotton "GlyTol™ LibertyLink™" and "GlyTol™ LibertyLink™"; glyphosate- and glufosinate-tolerant corn "Roundup Ready™ LibertyLink™ Maize"; glufosinate- and 2,4-D-tolerant soybean "Enlist™ Soybean"; glyphosate- and dicamba-tolerant soybean "Genuity® Roundup Ready™ 2 Xtend™"; glyphosate- and ALS inhibitor-tolerant corn and soybean "OptimumGAT™"; and genetically modified soybeans "Enlist E3™" and "Enlist™ Roundup Ready 2" that are tolerant to three herbicides: glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D. Yield®; Enlist™ Roundup Ready™ Corn 2, a genetically modified corn that is tolerant to glyphosate, 2,4-D, and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOP) herbicides; Enlist™ Roundup Ready™ Corn 2, a genetically modified corn that is tolerant to glyphosate, 2,4-D, and aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOP) herbicides; Bollgard II™ XtendFlex™ Cotton, a genetically modified cotton that is tolerant to dicamba, glyphosate, and glufosinate; and Enlist™ Cotton, a genetically modified cotton that is tolerant to three herbicides: glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D.Other genetically modified crops that have been developed include cotton that is resistant to glufosinate and 2,4-D, cotton that is resistant to both glufosinate and dicamba, corn that is resistant to both glyphosate and 2,4-D, soybeans that are resistant to both glyphosate and HPPD herbicides, genetically modified corn that is resistant to glyphosate, glufosinate 2,4-D, aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid (FOP) herbicides, and cyclohexadione (DIM) herbicides, and genetically modified soybeans that are resistant to glyphosate, dicamba, glufosinate, 2,4-D, HPPD herbicides, and PPO inhibitor herbicides. Commercially available plants that have been given herbicide tolerance and pest resistance include, for example, "YieldGard Roundup Ready" and "YieldGard Roundup Ready 2" corn, which are tolerant to glyphosate and resistant to corn borer; "Agrisure CB / LL" corn, which is tolerant to glufosinate and resistant to corn borer; "YieldGard VT Rootworm / RR2" corn, which is tolerant to glyphosate and resistant to corn rootworm and corn borer; "YieldGard VT Triple" corn, which is tolerant to glyphosate and resistant to lepidopteran pests (Cry1F) (e.g., resistance to western bean cutworm, corn borer, black cutworm, and fall armyworm); and "YieldGard Corn Rootworm / Roundup Ready" corn, which is tolerant to glyphosate and resistant to corn rootworm. 2"; Agrisure GT / RW corn, which has glufosinate tolerance and coleopteran resistance (Cry3A) (e.g., resistance to western corn rootworm, northern corn rootworm, and Mexican corn rootworm); Herculex RW corn, which has glufosinate tolerance and coleopteran resistance (Cry34 / 35Ab1) (e.g., resistance to western corn rootworm, northern corn rootworm, and Mexican corn rootworm); Yield Gard VT Rootworm / RR2 corn, which has glyphosate tolerance and corn rootworm resistance; and Bollgard 3® XtendFlex® cotton, which has dicamba tolerance, glyphosate tolerance, glyphosinate tolerance, and lepidopteran resistance (e.g., resistance to bollworms, tobacco budworms, armyworms, etc.).

[0047] When the method of the present invention is applied to a field where crops such as agricultural crops are grown, flumioxazin may be applied to the field where PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds at the cotyledon to two-leaf stage are growing before sowing of crop seeds, or simultaneously with and / or after sowing. That is, flumioxazin is applied one to three times. A single application involves application once before sowing, once simultaneously with sowing, or once after sowing. A double application involves application twice excluding before sowing, twice excluding simultaneously with sowing, or twice excluding after sowing. A triple application involves application once each before sowing, simultaneously with sowing, and after sowing. When flumioxazin is applied before sowing, it is usually applied 50 days to immediately before sowing, preferably 30 days to immediately before sowing, more preferably 20 days to immediately before sowing, and even more preferably 10 days to immediately before sowing. When applying flumioxazin after sowing, it is usually applied immediately after sowing to before flowering. The more preferred application time is between immediately after sowing and before emergence, and when the crop has one to six true leaves. Flumioxazin is applied simultaneously with sowing when the sowing machine and the sprayer are integrated.

[0048] When the method of the present invention is applied to a field where crops such as agricultural crops are grown, the seeds of the crops may be treated with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of specific insecticide compounds, nematicide compounds, fungicide compounds, and plant growth regulator compounds, such as neonicotinoid compounds, diamide compounds, carbamate compounds, organophosphate compounds, biological nematicide compounds, other insecticide compounds and nematicide compounds, azole compounds, strobilurin compounds, metalaxyl compounds, SDHI compounds, other fungicide compounds, and plant growth regulator compounds.

[0049] In the method of the present invention, flumioxazin can be used in combination with one or more other insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth regulators, and safeners. Here, "combined use" includes mixed use (tank mix), mixed use (premix), and sequential application, and in the case of sequential use, the order is not particularly limited. Insecticides, nematicides and fungicides that can be used in combination with flumioxazin include neonicotinoid compounds, diamide compounds, carbamates, organophosphate compounds, biological nematicides and other insecticides, as well as azole compounds, strobilurin compounds, metalaxyl compounds, SDHI compounds, other fungicides and plant growth regulators. Examples of herbicides, plant growth regulators and safeners that can be used in combination with flumioxazin include the following: Herbicides: 2,3,6-TBA (2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid), 2,3,6-TBA dimethylammonium, 2,3,6-TBA lithium, 2,3,6-TBA potassium, 2,3,6-TBA sodium, 2,4-D, 2,4-D choline, 2,4-D biproamine, 2,4-D doboxyl, 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4-D 3-Butoxypropyl (2,4-D-3-butoxypropyl), 2,4-D ammonium (2,4-D-ammonium), 2,4-D butotyl (2,4-D-butyl), 2,4-D butyl (2,4-D-butyl), 2,4-D diethylammonium (2,4-D-diethylammonium), 2,4-D dimethylammonium (2,4-D-dimethylammonium), 2,4-D diolamine (2,4-D-diolamine), 2,4-D dodecylammonium (2,4-D-dodecylammonium), 2,4-D ethyl (2,4-D-ethyl), 2,4-D heptylammonium (2,4-D-heptylammonium), 2, 2,4-D-isobutyl, 2,4-D-isooctyl, 2,4-D-isopropyl, 2,4-D-isopropylammonium, 2,4-D-lithium, 2,4-D-meptyl, 2,4-D-methyl, 2,4-D-octyl, 2,4-D-pentyl, 2,4-D-propyl, 2,4-D-sodium, 2,4-D-tefuryl,2,4-D tetradecylammonium, 2,4-D triethylammonium, 2,4-D tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium, 2,4-D trolamine, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB choline salt), 2,4-DB-biproamine, 2,4-DB-butyl, 2,4-DB-dimethylammonium, 2,4-DB-isoctyl, 2,4-DB-potassium, 2,4-DB-sodium, acetochlor, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, ACN (2-amino-3-chlorobenzoate) aphthalene-1,4-dione, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidosulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium salt, aminopyralid, aminopyralid choline salt, aminopyralid-potassium salt, aminopyralid-tripromine, amiprophos-methyl, amitrole, anilofos,Asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, benazolin-ethyl, bencarbazone, benfluralin, benfuresate, benquitrione, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl on-methyl), bensulide, bentazon, benthiocarb, benzfendizone, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, benzthiazuron, bialaphos, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, bipyrazone, bispirib Bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bixlozone, broclozone, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil-octanoate, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos tamifos), butralin, butroxydim, butyrate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chlormethoxyfen, chloramben, chloridazon, chlorimuron,Chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorbromuron, chlorotoluron, chloroxuron, chlorpropham, chlorsulfuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthiamid, cinflubrolin, cinidon, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, clopyralid choline salt salt), clopyralid methyl, clopyralid olamine salt, clopyralid potassium salt, clopyralid Tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium (clopyralid-tris(2-hydroxypropyl)ammonium), cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanazine, cyclopyranyl, cycloate, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cypyrafluone, daimuron, dalapon, dazomet, desmedipham, desmetryn, di-allate,Dicamba, dicamba choline salt, dicamba biproamine, dicamba trolamine salt, dicamba diglycolamine salt, dicamba dimethylammonium, dicamba diolamine salt, dicamba isopropylammonium, dicamba methyl, dicamba olamine salt, dicamba potassium salt, dicamba sodium salt, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop choline salt salt), dichlorprop-biproamine, dichlorprop-etexyl, dichlorprop-butotyl, dichlorprop-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-ethylammonium, dichlorprop-isoctyl, dichlorprop-methyl, dichlorprop-P, dichlorprop-P choline salt salt), dichlorprop-P-biproamine, dichlorprop-P-etexyl, dichlorprop-P-dimethylammonium, dichlorprop-potassium, dichlorprop-sodium,Diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclosulam, difenoxuron, difenzoquat, difenzoquat methylsulfate, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr sodium salt, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimesulfazet, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid (dimethenamid), dimethenamid P, dimepiperate, dinitramine, dinoseb, dinoterb, dioxopyritrione, diphenamid, diquat, diquat-dibromide, DSMA (disodium methylarsonate, dithiopyr, diuron, DNOC (2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol), esprocarb, epirifenacil, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethidimuron, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P,Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenpyrazone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, fenuron, feproxydim, flamprop-M, flazasulfuron, florasulam, florpyrauxifen yrauxifen, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, fluazifop, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-P-butyl, fluazolate, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron uron), fluchloraminopyr, fluchloraminopyr-tefuryl, flufenacet, flufenoximacil, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetsulam, flumetsulam, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl miclorac-pentyl, fluometuron, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupoxam, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, flurenol, fluridone, flurochloridone,Fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-butometyl, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurtamone, flusulfinam, fluthiacet, Fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, fomesafen sodium, foramsulfuron, fosamine, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate choline salt, glyphosate isopropylammonium salt (glyphosate-isopropylammonium), glyphosate biproamine salt (glyphosate-biproamine), glyphosate ammonium salt (glyphosate-ammonium), glyphosate diammonium salt (glyphosate-diammonium), glyphosate potassium salt (glyphosate-potassium), glyphosate sodium salt (glyphosate-sodium), glyphosate trimesium salt (glyphosate-trimesium), halauxifen, halauxifen-benzyl, halauxifen-methyl uxifen-methyl), halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-ethotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-P-ethotyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexazinone, icafolin, icafolin-methyl, imazamethabenz,Imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox ammonium salt, imazamox sodium salt, imazapic, imazapic ammonium salt, imazapyr, imazapyr ammonium salt, imazapyr-isopropylammonium salt, imazaquin, imazaquin ammonium salt, imazethapyr, imazethapyr ammonium salt, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, indolaux ipyr, indolauxipyr-cyanomethyl, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, iofensulfuron, iofensulfuron-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil-octanoate oate), ipfencarbazone, iptriazopyrid, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxachlortole, isoxaflutole, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, maleic hydrazide, MCPA (2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid), MCPA choline salt,MCPA-biproamine, MCPA-etexyl, MCPA-butotyl, MCPA-butyl, MCPA-dimethylammonium, MCPA-diolamine, MCPA-ethyl, MCPA-isobutyl, MCPA-isoctyl, MCPA-isopropyl, MCPA-methyl, MCPA-olamine, MCPA-sodium, MCPA-trolamine, MCPB (4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butanoic acid), MCPB choline salt), MCPB-biproamine, MCPB-ethyl, MCPB-methyl, MCPB-sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop choline mecoprop-biproamine, mecoprop-2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-dimethylammonium, mecoprop-diolamine, mecoprop-ethadyl, mecoprop-isoctyl, mecoprop-methyl, mecoprop-potassium, mecoprop-sodium, mecoprop-trolamine, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P choline salt,Mecoprop-P 2-ethylhexyl, mecoprop-P dimethylammonium, mecoprop-P isobutyl, mecoprop-P potassium salt, mefenacet, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, methabenzthiazuron, methiozolin, Methyldymron, metobromuron, metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metproxybicyclone, metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, naproanilide, napropamide, napropamide-M, naptalam, neburon, nicosulfuron, norflurazon, oleic acid acid), orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat,Paraquat-dichloride, pebulate, pelargonic acid, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentanochlor, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, phenisopham, phenmedipham, picloram, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos ), pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profluazol, propoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop afop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone sodium salt, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraquinate, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb,Pyridafol, pyridate, pyriflubenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinclorac Quinmerac, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-tefuryl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, rimisoxafen, rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, EPTC(S-ethyl) N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate, siduron, simazine, simetryn, S-metolachlor, MSMA (sodium hydrogen methylarsonate), sulcotrione, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfometuron-methyl, sulfosulfuron, swep, TCA (2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid), TCA-ammonium, TCA-calcium, TCA-ethadyl, TCA-magnesium, TCA-sodium, tebutam,Tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbumeton, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, tetflupyrolimet, thaxtomin A A), thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thidiazimine, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiafenacil, thiocarbazil, tolpyralate, topramezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone, triallate, trisulfuron asulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, triclopyr-butotyl, triclopyr-ethyl, triclopyr-triethylammonium, tridiphane, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifludimoxazin, Trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tripyrasulfone, tritosulfuron, vernolate, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxo-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)carbonyl]-2-methyl-1,2 ,4-Triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione, 2-chloro-N-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-3-(methylthio)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 2-methyl-N-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3-(methanesulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, 1-{2-chloro-6-[(5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]phenyl}-4,4,4-trifluorobutan-1-one. Safeners: allidochlor, benoxacor, cloquintocet, cloquintocet-mexyl, cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, dicyclonone, dimepiperate, disulfoton, daimuron, fenchlorazole, fenchlorazole-ethyl, fenclorim m), flurazole, furilazole, fluxofenim, hexim, isoxadifen, isoxadifen-ethyl, jiecaowan, jiecaoxi, mecoprop, mefenpyr, mefenpyr-ethyl, mefenpyr-diethyl, mephenate, metcamifen, oxabetrinil, 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, 1,8-octamethylenediamine, AD-67 (4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro [4.5] decane), MCPA (2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid), CL-304415 (4-carboxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-acetic acid), CSB(1-bromo-4-[(chloromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene), DKA-24(2,2-dichloro-N-[2-oxo-2-(2-propenylamino)ethyl]-N-(2-propenyl)acetamide), MG191(2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane), MG-838(2-propenyl 1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane-4-carbodithioate), PPG-1292(2,2-dichloro-N-(1,3-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2-propenyl)acetamide), R-28725(3-(dich R-29148 (3-(dichloroacetyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine), TI-35 (1-(dichloroacetyl)azepane). . Plant growth regulators: hymexazol, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, uniconazole-P, inabenfide, prohexadione-calcium, 1-methylcyclopropene, trinexapac, and trinexapac-ethyl.

[0050] In the method of the present invention, particularly preferred herbicides that can be used in combination with flumioxazin include epirifenacil, saflufenacil, glyphosate potassium salt, pyroxasulfone, mesotrione, isoxaflutole, metribuzin, dicamba diglycolamine salt, 2,4-D trolamine salt, and glufosinate ammonium salt.

[0051] In the method of the present invention, cyprosulfamide, benoxacor, dichlormid, furilazole and isoxadifen-ethyl are particularly preferred as safeners that can be used in combination with flumioxazin.

[0052] When the insecticides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, and / or safeners are used in combination with flumioxazin, the ratio relative to flumioxazin is usually 0.001 to 100 parts by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10 parts, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 parts. More preferred ratios include 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 part, 1.5 parts, 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, and 4 parts.

[0053] In the cultivation of crops using the method of the present invention, plant nutritional management as in conventional crop cultivation can be carried out. Fertilization systems can be based on precision agriculture or conventional uniform systems. Furthermore, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi can be inoculated as seed treatment. [Example]

[0054] The present invention will be explained below with reference to test examples, but the present invention is not limited to these test examples.

[0055] First, the evaluation criteria for herbicidal activity and phytotoxicity to crops shown in the following test examples are shown. [Herbicidal effect and phytotoxicity to crops] Herbicidal efficacy is evaluated on a scale of 0 to 100, with a score of "0" indicating that there is no or almost no difference in the emergence or growth of the test weeds at the time of the survey compared to untreated plants, and a score of "100" indicating that the test plants are completely dead or that the emergence or growth of the test weeds is completely suppressed. The assessment of damage to crops is indicated as "harmless" if little damage is observed, "small" if slight damage is observed, "medium" if moderate damage is observed, and "large" if severe damage is observed.

[0056] Test Example 1 Amaranthus retroflexus plants with the Gly399Ala mutation in PPO2 were sown in plastic pots filled with soil and grown to the two-leaf stage. ValorSX (a water dispersible granule containing 51% by weight of flumioxazin, manufactured by Valent USA LLC) was mixed with water containing 1% by volume of a wetting agent (Agri-Dex (crop oil concentrate), manufactured by Helena) to prepare a spray solution. The spray solution was applied in 10,000 ml of water to achieve the desired treatment dose. 2 The herbicidal effect on the giant amaranthus retroflexus was evaluated visually 28 days after application. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] [Table 1]

[0058] Test Example 2 Amaranthus retroflexus plants with a Gly210 deletion mutation in PPO2 were sown in plastic pots filled with soil and grown to the two-leaf stage. ValorSX (a water dispersible granule containing 51% by weight of flumioxazin, manufactured by Valent USA LLC) was mixed with water containing 1% by volume of a wetting agent (Agri-Dex) to prepare a spray solution. The spray solution was applied in 10,000 ml to achieve the desired treatment dose. 2The herbicidal effect on the giant amaranthus retroflexus was evaluated visually 14 days after application. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0059] [Table 2]

[0060] Test Example 3 The same test was carried out as in Test Example 1, except that ValorSX was replaced with ValorEZ (an aqueous liquid suspension containing 480 g / L of flumioxazin). Test Example 4 The same test was carried out as in Test Example 2, except that ValorSX was replaced with ValorEZ (aqueous liquid suspension containing 480 g / L of flumioxazin). [Industrial Applicability]

[0061] The weed control method of the present invention enables efficient control of weeds.

Claims

1. In areas where PPO inhibitor resistant weeds at the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage are growing, 10,000 m 2 A method for controlling PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds, comprising the step of applying 200 to 600 g of flumioxazin per weed.

2. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are one or more selected from the group consisting of PPO inhibitor-resistant Amaranth weeds, Ragweed weeds, and Kochus weeds.

3. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds are one or more selected from the group consisting of PPO inhibitor-resistant amaryllis, waterhemp, common ragweed, giant ragweed, and Japanese cornflower.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have resistance to a PPO inhibitor of a point-of-action mutation type.

5. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have one or more mutations in PPO selected from the group consisting of Arg128Met mutation, Arg128Gly mutation, Arg128His mutation, Gly399Ala mutation, and Gly210 deletion mutation.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds have non-effective point mutation-type PPO inhibitor resistance.

7. The method according to claim 1, comprising a step of foliar spraying flumioxazin to the PPO inhibitor-resistant weeds.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the location is a crop field.

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the crop is one or more selected from the group consisting of soybean, corn, cotton, canola, rice, wheat, barley, sugarcane, sugar beet, sorghum, and sunflower.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the crop is a crop to which tolerance to a PPO inhibitor has been imparted.

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