Method and apparatus for initiating a communication link

Abstract

To provide a communication link initialization method and apparatus.SOLUTION: The master node transmits a first information frame including first synchronization information to the slave node. The slave node performs synchronization with the master node based on the first synchronization information. The slave node transmits a second information frame including second synchronization information to the master node. The master node performs synchronization with the slave node based on the second synchronization information, and sends a third information frame to the slave node, where the third information frame is used to indicate the first training information frame. The slave node trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the third information frame, and sends a fourth information frame to the master node, where the fourth information frame is used to indicate the second training information frame. The master node trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the fourth information frame.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3A

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications technology, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for initiating a communications link. [Background technology]

[0002] In a communication system, before two devices can start normal communication, link initialization must be completed first. To establish a reliable communication link between devices, the following operations must be performed: clock synchronization, scrambling code synchronization, capability negotiation, training and interaction of receiving and transmitting parameters, etc.

[0003] Specifically, it is assumed that two devices included in the communication system are called a master node and a slave node, respectively. In the initialization stage, first, a local scrambler of the master node generates a scrambling code and transmits the scrambling code to the slave node. After clock synchronization and scrambling code synchronization with the master node based on the received scrambling code, the slave node generates a scrambling code by using the local scrambler and transmits the scrambling code to the master node. Similarly, the master node performs clock synchronization and scrambling code synchronization with the slave node based on the received scrambling code.

[0004] In the process of the master node or the slave node performing synchronization based on the scrambling code, because there exists some bit inversion information in the scrambling code, after the receiving node receives the scrambling code, the scrambling code synchronization time may be long, or even synchronization may not be possible. How to improve the node synchronization efficiency has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of this application provide a communication link initialization method and apparatus for improving node synchronization efficiency.

[0006] According to a first aspect, there is provided a communication link initialization method, the method including: a master node transmitting a first information frame to a slave node; the first information frame including first synchronization information; the master node receiving a second information frame from the slave node; the second information frame including second synchronization information; the master node performing synchronization with the slave node based on the second synchronization information; the master node transmitting a third information frame to the slave node; the third information frame being used to indicate a first training information frame; the master node receiving a fourth information frame from the slave node; the fourth information frame being used to indicate a second training information frame; and the master node training a link between the master node and the slave node based on the fourth information frame.

[0007] In this embodiment of the application, synchronization information related to initially performing synchronization between a master node and a slave node is transmitted separately from the training information frame, thereby enabling the synchronization information receiving node to quickly carry out the synchronization process with the synchronization information sending node based on the separate synchronization information, which reduces the impact of the training information frame on node synchronization and improves synchronization efficiency.

[0008] In a possible example, the third information frame is further used to indicate third synchronization information, the lengths of the third information frame and the third synchronization information are the same and equal to Y1 bits, the length of the first training information frame is Z1 bits, the first X1 bits of the third information frame are determined based on the first X1 bits of the third synchronization information, and the last Z1 bits of the third information frame are obtained based on the first training information frame and the last Z1 bits of the third synchronization information, where X1, Y1 and Z1 are positive integers, and X1+Z1=Y1.

[0009] In this embodiment of the present application, the information frame includes synchronization information and a bit indicating a training information frame, and does not include additional partition information or block information bits. In this way, when synchronization is performed, the register can directly complete synchronization based on the synchronization information. This avoids the problem that synchronization cannot be performed because the additional bits cannot be identified, and improves the efficiency and reliability of node synchronization.

[0010] In a possible example, the first training information frame is a forward training information frame and the second training information frame is a reverse training information frame, or the first training information frame is a reverse training information frame and the second training information frame is a forward training information frame.

[0011] In a considered example, the reverse training information frame includes the following information: a remaining reverse training information frame count, which is used to indicate the number of remaining reverse training information frames to be transmitted; a reverse training information frame type, which is used to identify the type of the reverse training information frame; a pre-emphasis gear, which is used to configure the pre-emphasis level of the second end, the second end being the node transmitting the forward training information frame; a swing gear, which is used to configure the transmission swing of the second end; an MEP version number, which is used to indicate the Media Encapsulation Protocol MEP version number supported by the first end, the first end being the node transmitting the reverse training information frame; a maximum retransmission count, which is used to configure the maximum number of retransmissions of the information transmission of the second end; and a transparent transmission count, which is used to instruct the first end whether to enable MAC transparent transmission mode. the training verification function indication is used to indicate that the first end can jump from the training state to the training verification state, where the training state is a state in which the master node and the slave node perform link training, and the training verification state is a state in which the master node and the slave node verify the result of the link training; a CRC code block size is used to identify the size of the CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the first end; and a terminator is used to identify the end of the reverse direction training information frame.

[0012] In a considered example, the forward training information frame contains the following information: a remaining forward training information frame count, which is used to identify the number of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted; a forward training information frame number, which is used to identify the number of the forward training information frame; a forward training information frame type, which is used to identify the type of the forward training information frame; a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, which is used to identify the pre-emphasis gear used by the second end; a swing gear, which is used to configure the transmission swing of the first end; an MEP version number, which is used to indicate the MEP version number supported by the second end; a maximum retransmission count, which is used to configure the maximum retransmission count of the information transmission of the first end; the information transmission process of the first end includes one or more of: a transparent transmission mode indication used to instruct the second end whether to enable a transparent transmission mode; a CRC code block active time used to identify the active time of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the second end; a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission used to configure the bandwidth percentage occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the first end; a training verification function indication used to indicate whether the second end jumps from the training state to the training verification state; a CRC code block size used to identify the size of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the second end; and a terminator used to identify the end of the forward training information frame.

[0013] In this embodiment of the present application, information is added to the training information frame, so that more capability negotiation, state control and parameter exchange can be performed when the training information frame is transmitted between nodes to perform link training, so that the training results achieved in the link training process can meet more scenario requirements and improve the reliability of the link training results.

[0014] In a possible example, the method further includes: the master node transmitting a fifth information frame to the slave node indicating a first count of remaining training information frames; and the master node receiving a sixth information frame from the slave node indicating a second count of remaining training information frames.

[0015] In a possible example, the method further includes: when the count of the countdown (reciprocal) information frame is a first preset value, the master node transmits a seventh information frame to the slave node; the seventh information frame includes a first end identifier used to define a boundary at which the master node jumps to the training verification state; and the master node receives an eighth information frame carrying a second end identifier.

[0016] According to a second aspect, there is provided a communication link initialization method, the method including: a slave node receiving a first information frame from a master node; the first information frame including first synchronization information; the slave node performing synchronization with the master node based on the first synchronization information; the slave node transmitting a second information frame to the master node; the second information frame including second synchronization information; the slave node receiving a third information frame from the master node; the third information frame being used to indicate a first training information frame; the slave node transmitting a fourth information frame to the master node; the fourth information frame being used to indicate a second training information frame; and the slave node training a link between the master node and the slave node based on the third information frame.

[0017] In a considered example, the fourth information frame is further used to indicate fourth synchronization information, the lengths of the fourth information frame and the fourth synchronization information are the same and equal to Y2 bits, the length of the second training information frame is Z2 bits, the first X2 bits of the fourth information frame are determined based on the first X2 bits of the fourth synchronization information, and the last Z2 bits of the fourth information frame are obtained based on the last Z2 bits of the fourth synchronization information and the second training information frame, where X2, Y2 and Z2 are positive integers, and X2+Z2=Y2.

[0018] In a possible example, the first training information frame is a forward training information frame and the second training information frame is a reverse training information frame, or the first training information frame is a reverse training information frame and the second training information frame is a forward training information frame.

[0019] In a considered example, the reverse training information frame includes the following information: a remaining reverse training information frame count, which is used to indicate the number of remaining reverse training information frames to be transmitted; a reverse training information frame type, which is used to identify the type of the reverse training information frame; a pre-emphasis gear, which is used to configure the pre-emphasis level of the second end, the second end being the node transmitting the forward training information frame; a swing gear, which is used to configure the transmission swing of the second end; an MEP version number, which is used to indicate the Media Encapsulation Protocol MEP version number supported by the first end, the first end being the node transmitting the reverse training information frame; a maximum retransmission count, which is used to configure the maximum number of retransmissions of the information transmission of the second end; and a transparent transmission count, which is used to instruct the first end whether to enable MAC transparent transmission mode. the training verification function indication is used to indicate that the first end can jump from the training state to the training verification state, where the training state is a state in which the master node and the slave node perform link training, and the training verification state is a state in which the master node and the slave node verify the result of the link training; a CRC code block size is used to identify the size of the CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the first end; and a terminator is used to identify the end of the reverse direction training information frame.

[0020] In a considered example, the forward training information frame contains the following information: a remaining forward training information frame count, which is used to identify the number of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted; a forward training information frame number, which is used to identify the number of the forward training information frame; a forward training information frame type, which is used to identify the type of the forward training information frame; a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, which is used to identify the pre-emphasis gear used by the second end; a swing gear, which is used to configure the transmission swing of the first end; an MEP version number, which is used to indicate the MEP version number supported by the second end; a maximum retransmission count, which is used to configure the maximum retransmission count of the information transmission of the first end; the information transmission process of the first end includes one or more of: a transparent transmission mode indication used to instruct the second end whether to enable a transparent transmission mode; a CRC code block active time used to identify the active time of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the second end; a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission used to configure the bandwidth percentage occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the first end; a training verification function indication used to indicate whether the second end jumps from the training state to the training verification state; a CRC code block size used to identify the size of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the second end; and a terminator used to identify the end of the forward training information frame.

[0021] In a possible example, the method further includes: the slave node receiving a fifth information frame from the master node indicating a first count of remaining training information frames; and the slave node transmitting a sixth information frame to the master node indicating a second count of remaining training information frames.

[0022] In a possible example, the method further includes: the slave node receiving a seventh information frame from the master node indicating the first end identifier; and the slave node transmitting an eighth information frame to the master node indicating the second end identifier.

[0023] In a possible example, the slave node being further configured to generate a fourth information frame specifically includes: determining, by the slave node, the length of the fourth information frame based on the length of the third information frame; when the first training information frame is a reverse training information frame and the second training information frame is a forward training information frame, the length of the third information frame is an integer multiple of the length of the fourth information frame; or when the first training information frame is a forward training information frame and the second training information frame is a reverse training information frame, the length of the fourth information frame is an integer multiple of the length of the third information frame, the length being a time length or a bit length; and generating the fourth information frame based on the length of the fourth information frame.

[0024] In an embodiment of this application, the forward information frame and the reverse information frame are set to have the same bit length based on the different transmission baud rate characteristics of the reverse training information frame and the forward training information frame, and then the total number of forward information frames and reverse information frames to be transmitted is set based on the transmission baud rate multiple relationship between the reverse training information frame and the forward training information frame. Alternatively, the transmission period of the forward information frame is set to an integer multiple of the transmission period of the reverse information frame, so that after the transmission of the forward information frame and the reverse information frame is completed, the transmission time difference between the forward information frame and the reverse information frame is within a preset range. This avoids the impact on the subsequent information transmission process caused by an excessively large transmission time difference.

[0025] According to a third aspect, there is provided a communication link initialization method, the method including: a master node transmitting a ninth information frame to a slave node; the ninth information frame is used to indicate fifth synchronization information and a fifth training information frame, the fifth training information frame being a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame; the reverse training information frame including one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, information about reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The forward training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame number, a forward training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, a CRC code block active time, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The master node receives a tenth information frame from the slave node. The tenth information frame is used to indicate sixth synchronization information and a sixth training information frame, and the sixth training information frame is a reverse training information frame or a forward training information frame. The master node performs synchronization with the slave node based on the sixth synchronization information. The master node trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the tenth information frame.

[0026] According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication link initialization method, the method including: a slave node receives a ninth information frame from a master node; the ninth information frame is used to indicate fifth synchronization information and a fifth training information frame, the fifth training information frame being a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame; the reverse training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The forward training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame number, a forward training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, a CRC code block active time, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The slave node synchronizes with the master node based on the fifth synchronization information. The slave node transmits a tenth information frame to the master node. The tenth information frame is used to indicate the sixth synchronization information and the sixth training information frame, which is reverse training information or forward training information. The slave node trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the ninth information frame.

[0027] According to a fifth aspect, a communication link initialization method is provided, the method including: a master node transmitting an eleventh information frame to a slave node; the eleventh information frame is used to indicate seventh synchronization information and a seventh training information frame, the seventh synchronization information and the eleventh information frame having the same length and equal to Y3 bits, the seventh training information frame having a length of Z3 bits, the first X3 bits of the eleventh information frame being determined based on the first X3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, and the last Z3 bits of the eleventh information frame being obtained based on the seventh training information frame and the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, where X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, and X3 + Z3 = Y3; the master node receiving a twelfth information frame from the slave node and performing synchronization with the slave node based on the first X4 bits of the twelfth information frame; the first X4 bits of the twelfth information frame being the same as the first X4 bits of the eighth synchronization information; The master node obtains the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, and obtains an eighth training information frame based on the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information and the last Z4 bits of the twelfth information frame. The twelfth information frame and the eighth synchronization information have the same length, Y4 bits, where X4, Y4, and Z4 are positive integers, and X4+Z4=Y4. The master node trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the eighth synchronization information and the eighth training information frame.

[0028] According to a sixth aspect, a communication link initialization method is provided, the method including: a slave node receives an eleventh information frame from a master node and synchronizes with the slave node based on the first X3 bits of the eleventh information frame; the first X3 bits of the eleventh information frame are the same as the first X3 bits of the seventh synchronization information; the slave node obtains the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information and obtains a seventh training information frame based on the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information and the last Z3 bits of the eleventh information frame; the eleventh information frame and the seventh synchronization information have the same length, Y3 bits, where X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, such that X3+Z3=Y3; and the slave node transmits a twelfth information frame to the master node; the twelfth information frame is used to indicate the eighth synchronization information and the eighth training information frame. The lengths of the eighth synchronization information and the twelfth information frame are the same and equal to Y4 bits, the length of the eighth training information frame is Z4 bits, the first X4 bits of the twelfth information frame are determined based on the first X4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, and the last Z4 bits of the twelfth information frame are obtained based on the eighth training information frame and the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, where X4, Y4, and Z4 are positive integers, and X4+Z4=Y4. The slave node trains the link between the slave node and the master node based on the seventh synchronization information and the seventh training information frame.

[0029] According to a seventh aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device includes a transmitting module, a receiving module, and a processing module. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a first information frame to a slave node. The first information frame includes first synchronization information. The receiving module is configured to receive a second information frame from the slave node. The second information frame includes second synchronization information. The processing module is configured to perform synchronization with the slave node based on the second synchronization information. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a third information frame to the slave node. The third information frame is used to indicate a first training information frame. The receiving module is configured to receive a fourth information frame from the slave node. The fourth information frame is used to indicate a second training information frame. The processing module is configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the fourth information frame.

[0030] In a possible example, the transmitting module is further configured to transmit a fifth information frame to the slave node indicating a first count of remaining training information frames, and the receiving module is further configured to receive a sixth information frame from the slave node indicating a second count of remaining training information frames.

[0031] In a possible example, when the count of the countdown information frame is a first preset value, the transmitting module is further configured to transmit a seventh information frame to the slave node. The seventh information frame includes a first end identifier used to define a boundary at which the master node jumps to the training verification state. The receiving module is further configured to receive an eighth information frame carrying a second end identifier.

[0032] According to an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication device. The communication device includes a receiving module, a processing module, and a transmitting module. The receiving module is configured to receive a first information frame from a master node. The first information frame includes first synchronization information. The processing module is configured to perform synchronization with the master node based on the first synchronization information. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a second information frame to the master node. The second information frame includes second synchronization information. The receiving module is further configured to receive a third information frame from the master node. The third information frame is used to indicate a first training information frame. The transmitting module is further configured to transmit a fourth information frame to the master node. The fourth information frame is used to indicate a second training information frame. The processing module is further configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the third information frame.

[0033] In a possible example, the receiving module is further configured to receive a fifth information frame indicating a first count of remaining training information frames, and the transmitting module is further configured to transmit a sixth information frame indicating a second count of remaining training information frames to the master node.

[0034] In a possible example, the receiving module is further configured to receive a seventh information frame indicating the first end identifier from the master node, and the transmitting module is further configured to transmit an eighth information frame indicating the second end identifier to the master node.

[0035] In a possible example, the processing module being further configured to generate a fourth information frame specifically includes the following: the processing module determines the length of the fourth information frame based on the length of the third information frame; when the first training information frame is a reverse training information frame and the second training information frame is a forward training information frame, the length of the third information frame is an integer multiple of the length of the fourth information frame, or when the first training information frame is a forward training information frame and the second training information frame is a reverse training information frame, the length of the fourth information frame is an integer multiple of the length of the third information frame; the length is a time length or a bit length; and the processing module generates the fourth information frame based on the length of the fourth information frame.

[0036] According to a ninth aspect, a communications device is provided. The device includes a transmitting module, a receiving module, and a processing module. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a ninth information frame to a slave node. The ninth information frame is used to indicate fifth synchronization information and a fifth training information frame, and the fifth training information frame is a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame. The reverse training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, information about reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The forward training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame number, a forward training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The receiving module is configured to receive a tenth information frame from the slave node. The tenth information frame is used to indicate sixth synchronization information and a sixth training information frame, and the sixth training information frame is a reverse training information frame or a forward training information frame. The processing module is configured to perform synchronization with the slave node based on the sixth synchronization information. The processing module is further configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the tenth information frame.

[0037] According to a tenth aspect, there is provided a communications device, the device including a receiving module, a processing module, and a transmitting module. The receiving module is configured to receive a ninth information frame from a master node. The ninth information frame is used to indicate fifth synchronization information and a fifth training information frame, the fifth training information frame being a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame. The reverse training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, information about reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The forward training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame number, a forward training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The processing module is configured to perform synchronization with the master node based on the fifth synchronization information. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a tenth information frame to the master node. The tenth information frame is used to indicate sixth synchronization information and a sixth training information frame, and the sixth training information frame is reverse training information or forward training information. The processing module is configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the ninth information frame.

[0038] According to an eleventh aspect, a communication link initialization device is provided. The device includes a transmitting module, a receiving module, and a processing module. The transmitting module is configured to transmit an eleventh information frame to a slave node. The eleventh information frame is used to indicate seventh synchronization information and a seventh training information frame. The seventh synchronization information and the eleventh information frame have the same length and are equal to Y3 bits. The seventh training information frame has a length of Z3 bits. The first X3 bits of the eleventh information frame are determined based on the first X3 bits of the seventh synchronization information. The last Z3 bits of the eleventh information frame are obtained based on the seventh training information frame and the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, where X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, and X3 + Z3 = Y3. The receiving module is configured to receive a twelfth information frame from the slave node and perform synchronization with the slave node based on the first X4 bits of the twelfth information frame. The first X4 bits of the twelfth information frame are the same as the first X4 bits of the eighth synchronization information. The processing module is configured to obtain the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, and obtain an eighth training information frame based on the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information and the last Z4 bits of the twelfth information frame. The lengths of the twelfth information frame and the eighth synchronization information are the same and equal to Y4 bits, where X, Y, and Z are positive integers, and X+Z=Y. The processing module is further configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the eighth synchronization information and the eighth training information frame.

[0039] According to a twelfth aspect, a communication link initialization device is provided, the method including a receiving module, a processing module, and a transmitting module. The receiving module is configured to receive an eleventh information frame from a master node and synchronize with a slave node based on the first X3 bits of the eleventh information frame. The first X3 bits of the eleventh information frame are the same as the first X3 bits of the seventh synchronization information. The processing module is configured to obtain the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information and obtain a seventh training information frame based on the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information and the last Z3 bits of the eleventh information frame. The eleventh information frame and the seventh synchronization information have the same length, Y3 bits, where X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, such that X3+Z3=Y3. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a twelfth information frame to the master node. The twelfth information frame is used to indicate the eighth synchronization information and the eighth training information frame. The lengths of the eighth synchronization information and the twelfth information frame are the same and equal to Y4 bits, the length of the eighth training information frame is Z4 bits, the first X4 bits of the twelfth information frame are determined based on the first X4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, and the last Z4 bits of the twelfth information frame are obtained based on the eighth training information frame and the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, where X4, Y4, and Z4 are positive integers, and X4+Z4=Y4. The processing module is further configured to train a link between the slave node and the master node based on the seventh synchronization information and the seventh training information frame.

[0040] According to a thirteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus. The apparatus includes a communication interface and a processor. The communication interface is used by the apparatus to communicate with another device, for example, to receive and transmit data or signals. For example, the communication interface may be a transceiver, a circuit, a bus, a module, or another type of communication interface, and the other device may be a network device. The processor is configured to call a group of programs, instructions, or data and perform a method according to the first, third, or fifth aspects. The apparatus may further include a memory configured to store the programs, instructions, or data called by the processor. The memory is coupled to the processor. When executing the instructions or data stored in the memory, the processor may perform a method according to the first, third, or fifth aspects.

[0041] According to a fourteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus. The apparatus includes a communication interface and a processor. The communication interface is used by the apparatus to communicate with another device, for example, to receive and transmit data or signals. For example, the communication interface may be a transceiver, a circuit, a bus, a module, or another type of communication interface, and the other device may be a terminal. The processor is configured to call a group of programs, instructions, or data and perform a method according to the second, fourth, or sixth aspects. The apparatus may further include a memory configured to store the programs, instructions, or data called by the processor. The memory is coupled to the processor. When executing the instructions or data stored in the memory, the processor may perform a method according to the second, fourth, or sixth aspects.

[0042] According to a fifteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communications device, the communications device including a processor, the processor coupled to a memory, the memory configured to store instructions that, when executed, enable the communications device to perform the method of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect, or enable the communications device to perform the method of the third aspect, or enable the communications device to perform the method of the fifth aspect.

[0043] According to a sixteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communications device, the communications device including a processor, the processor coupled to a memory, the memory configured to store instructions that, when executed, enable the communications device to perform the method of the second aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the second aspect, or enable the communications device to perform the method of the fourth aspect, or enable the communications device to perform the method of the sixth aspect.

[0044] According to a seventeenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the method of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect, or enable the computer to perform the method of the third aspect, or enable the computer to perform the method of the fifth aspect.

[0045] According to an eighteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium configured to store instructions which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the method of the second aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the second aspect, or enable the computer to perform the method of the fourth aspect, or enable the computer to perform the method of the sixth aspect.

[0046] According to a nineteenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system. The chip system includes a processor and may further include a memory, and is configured to perform the method of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect, or the method of the third aspect, or the method of the fifth aspect. The chip system may include a chip, or may include a chip and other individual devices.

[0047] According to a twentieth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system. The chip system includes a processor, and may further include a memory, and is configured to perform the method of the second aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the second aspect, or the method of the fourth aspect, or the method of the sixth aspect. The chip system may include a chip, or may include a chip and other individual devices.

[0048] According to a twenty-first aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product comprising instructions, which when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the method of the first aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect, or enable the computer to perform the method of the second aspect or any one of the possible implementations of the second aspect, or enable the computer to perform the method of the third, fourth, fifth or sixth aspect.

[0049] According to a twenty-second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a system, the system comprising the apparatus of the seventh aspect and the apparatus of the eighth aspect, or the apparatus of the ninth aspect and the apparatus of the tenth aspect, or the apparatus of the eleventh aspect and the apparatus of the twelfth aspect. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0050] In order to describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanying drawings for illustrating the embodiments. [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of a framework of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2A] 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an information frame according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2B] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of generating a scrambling code by a shift register according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 2C] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a training information format according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 2D] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of scrambling code synchronization between a transmitting node and a receiving node according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3A] 1 is a flowchart of a communication link initialization method according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3B]1 illustrates state machines of a master node and a slave node according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3C] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a third information frame configuration according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3D] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another third information frame configuration according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3E] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another structure of an information frame according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3F] 1 is a schematic diagram of an information frame transmission according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3G] 1 is a schematic diagram of a comparison between a transparent transmission mode and a non-transparent transmission mode according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3H] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another information frame transmission according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 3I] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of setting an end identifier according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 4A] 4 is a flowchart of another communication link initialization method according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 4B] 4 is a flowchart of another communication link initialization method according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5A] 4 is a flowchart of another communication link initialization method according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 5B] 4 is a flowchart of another communication link initialization method according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application; [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a structural block diagram of another communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0051] The following describes the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application.

[0052] In the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application, terms such as "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are intended to distinguish between different objects, but do not indicate a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise," "have," and any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally further includes unlisted steps or units, or optionally further includes other inherent steps or units of the process, method, product, or device.

[0053] The term "embodiment" as used in this specification means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described with reference to the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. Phrases appearing in various locations within the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor are they an independent or optional embodiment that is exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that an embodiment described in the specification may be combined with other embodiments.

[0054] "Multiple" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship between related objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent three cases: only A is present, both A and B are present, and only B is present. The character " / " normally indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects.

[0055] First, a communication system in an embodiment of this application will be described. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the framework of the communication system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication system includes a node 1 and a node 2. The two nodes are network nodes and can perform wired communication or wireless communication. The communication link between the node 1 and the node 2 may be a communication link between two nodes in an in-vehicle network, for example, a communication link between a multi-domain controller (MDC) and a sensor, or a communication link between a cockpit domain controller (CDC) and a display. The network elements in the in-vehicle network may be the following: sensors (such as microphones, millimeter wave radar, laser radar, ultrasonic radar, cameras, positioning systems such as GPS used in the vehicle, inertial sensors IMU, speed sensors, acceleration sensors, humidity sensors, light intensity sensors, etc., and sensor information transmitted by the T-Box, etc.), playback devices (such as displays, external power amplifiers and speakers), switches (which provide routing and switching functions and are switches or routers that aggregate and forward various data services such as audio and video, synchronization messages, and control messages), controllers / computing centers / storage centers (which perform computing and control functions and may be independent or integrated with gateways, and specifically may be in-vehicle computing platforms or in-vehicle computers, domain controllers, multi-domain controllers such as autonomous driving controllers or infotainment controllers, or data centers that store important data such as black boxes and dash cams in the vehicle).

[0056] Furthermore, Node 1 and Node 2 may alternatively be two nodes in other communication networks, such as nodes in a network of a mobile terminal, a monitoring device, or a smart home, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application.

[0057] In the implementation, synchronization is achieved between nodes by transmitting information frames. Specifically, the master node first transmits an information frame to the slave nodes. Each information frame has a fixed length of 7200 bits. FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an information frame according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 2A, the information frame is divided into 16 450-bit code blocks, and the first bit of each code block is XORed with 1. The information is trained by XORing the first 96 bits in the 16th code block of the training frame.

[0058] The information frame may include a scrambling code and / or a fixed sequence. The scrambling code bit in the information frame may be generated by using the 0th bit of the scrambling code shift register. For details, please refer to FIG. 2B. FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of generating a scrambling code by a shift register according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 2B, the scrambling code shift register of the transmitting node includes N bits (typically 33 bits), which are designated as S0, S1...S N-1 The N bits of the scrambling code shift register generate the scrambling code separately, and then shift S to obtain the new value, which is S0'. N-1 and S N-i The XOR operation is performed on S0', where i is a value from 0 to N-2. S0' is stored in the 0th bit of the register, i.e., the original S0 is replaced, and the original S0 to S N-2 is shifted backward by one bit, and the new scrambling code sequence in the scrambling code shift register is S0',S0,S1...S N-2 Then, the transmitting node transmits the value of the 0th bit of the shift register to the receiving node, that is, transmits S0'.

[0059] The above describes a training frame including a scrambling code, which corresponds to the first 15 code blocks in FIG. 2A. For the training information format, which is an XOR of the first 96 bits of the last code block, which can indicate training information, please refer to FIG. 2C. FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of a training information format according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 2C, the training information includes a 24-bit start symbol, and the sequence corresponding to the start symbol may be 0xBBA700. 56 bits of other information are further included, including count information, status information, capability information, etc. The count information is used to indicate the number of information frames transmitted by the node, the status information is used to indicate whether training is completed, and the capability information is used to indicate whether the node includes a low power consumption function, etc. In addition, the training information further includes a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bit used to check whether the training information is correctly received.

[0060] The scrambling code of the transmitting node is synchronized with the scrambling code of the receiving node, i.e., each bit in the shift register of the transmitting node and the receiving node is the same. Figure 2D is a schematic diagram of the scrambling code synchronization between the transmitting node and the receiving node according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 2D, the scrambling code shift register of the receiving node contains N bits (usually 33 bits), which are designated D0, D1...D N-1 Similarly, a scrambling code is generated for each bit in the register, and to obtain D0', N-1 and D N-iAn XOR operation is performed on N and D0' is output. Assuming that the scrambling code of the R consecutive bits output by the receiving node is the same as the R consecutive bits obtained by the transmitting node, synchronization between the transmitting node and the receiving node is completed, and R is much greater than N. From the corresponding description in Figure 2A, we can see that some bits of the scrambling code sequence in the information frame are XORed with 1 and used to identify the start of the RS block. However, when the scrambling codes are not synchronized, the receiving node cannot identify the XOR bits. As a result, the values ​​in the shift registers at the two ends may be different, and more scrambling codes need to be transmitted. The different scrambling code bits in the shift registers are replaced to complete synchronization. This extends the scrambling code synchronization time or even causes synchronization failure.

[0061] Furthermore, capability parameter negotiation needs to be performed in the link initialization process, and the training information only occupies 96 bits out of every 7200 bits, and the content of the training information cannot meet the requirements of more abundant scenarios.

[0062] Based on the above requirements, please refer to Fig. 3A, which is a flowchart of a communication link initialization method according to an embodiment of this application. Please refer to Fig. 3A, the method includes the following steps:

[0063] 301: The master node sends a first information frame to the slave node, where the first information frame includes first synchronization information.

[0064] 302: The slave node receives a first information frame from the master node and performs synchronization with the master node based on the first synchronization information.

[0065] 303: The slave node sends a second information frame to the master node, where the second information frame includes second synchronization information.

[0066] 304: The master node receives a second information frame from the slave node and performs synchronization with the slave node based on the second synchronization information.

[0067] 305: The master node sends a third information frame to the slave node, where the third information frame is used to indicate the first training information frame.

[0068] 306: The slave node receives a third information frame from the master node, and trains a link between the master node and the slave node based on the third information frame.

[0069] 307: The slave node sends a fourth information frame to the master node, where the fourth information frame is used to indicate the second training information frame.

[0070] 308: The master node receives a fourth information frame from the slave node, and trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the fourth information frame.

[0071] In this embodiment of the present application, the node that first transmits synchronization information is called the master node, and the node that first receives synchronization information is called the slave node. The master node and the slave node perform a link initialization phase, which may mainly include processes such as node synchronization, link training, and training result verification. Specifically, FIG. 3B shows the state machines of the master node and the slave node according to an embodiment of the present application, illustrating the state nodes that the master node and the slave node may go through when link initialization is performed. After link initialization begins, the master node and the slave node separately check the rate, start the training timer, and enter the training preparation phase. Then, the master node ends the preparation timer and first enters the training state, i.e., the master node begins to send synchronization information and training information to the slave node. After receiving the synchronization information sent by the master node, the slave node completes synchronization with the master node, demarcates a position for sending training information, and then enters the training state, which includes sending synchronization information and training information to the master node. The master node and the slave node exchange training information. After a certain amount of training information has been transmitted, the master node enters the training countdown state, i.e., the master node transmits the last remaining few training information frames, and the slave node also enters the training countdown state together with the master node. In some cases, the master node enters the training countdown state after determining that the training information has converged, which is indicated by the training information remaining stable and essentially unchanged. After the master node and the slave node have completed transmitting the last few training information frames, if the training verification function is available, both the master node and the slave node synchronously jump to the training verification state. If the training verification function is unavailable, the master node and the slave node directly enter the information transmission state. The information transmission state includes a data transmission process or a control information transmission process.In the training verification state, the master node and slave node enable information transmission functions except for physical layer (PHY) retransmission, load the successfully exchanged transmission and reception parameters, and send and receive training verification frames. If the verification is successful, the system enters the information transmission state according to the configuration. If the verification fails and the maximum training period is not exceeded, the system jumps to training preparation and retrains the link.

[0072] Furthermore, when the master node is in the training state, if the master node detects that the duration of the training state exceeds a preset value (e.g., 1 millisecond), the master node enters the training preparation stage and resets the link training. In the training countdown state and training verification state, if the master node or slave node detects that local reception is abnormal and the maximum training period is not exceeded, the master node or slave node jumps to the start of the training state and reinitializes the link. If the training times out, i.e., if the maximum training period for link initialization is exceeded, the training fails.

[0073] In this embodiment of the present application, a training state is implemented for the master node and the slave node. The master node first transmits a first information frame to the slave node. The first information frame is a frame carrying first synchronization information, which may be the above-mentioned scrambling code or another agreed-upon synchronization sequence. The length of the first information frame may be the above-mentioned 7200 bits or may be another length. This is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. The first information frame does not contain (or indicate) training information. In this way, after receiving the first training frame, the slave node does not need to detect the training information or acquire the training information to perform link training. This can effectively improve the efficiency of performing clock synchronization (or scrambling code synchronization) between the slave node and the master node. Similarly, the slave node transmits a second information frame to the master node, which carries second synchronization information but does not contain (or indicate) training information. After receiving the information frame, the master node performs synchronization with the slave node based on the second synchronization information in the information frame.

[0074] After the master node and the slave node are synchronized, the master node transmits a third information frame to the slave node. The third information frame may be used to indicate a first training information frame. After receiving the third information frame, the slave node performs link training with the master node based on the information indicated by the first training information frame in the third information frame. Similarly, the slave node transmits a fourth information frame to the master node, which may be used to indicate a second training information frame. After receiving the fourth information frame, the master node performs link training with the slave node based on the information included in the second training information frame in the fourth information frame.

[0075] It can be seen that in this embodiment of the present application, the synchronization information for the initial synchronization performed by the master node and the slave node is transmitted separately from the training information frame, thereby enabling the synchronization information receiving node to quickly carry out the synchronization process with the synchronization information transmitting node based on the separate synchronization information, reducing the influence of the training information frame on node synchronization, and improving synchronization efficiency.

[0076] Optionally, the third information frame is further used to indicate third synchronization information, wherein the lengths of the third information frame and the third synchronization information are the same and equal to Y1 bits, the length of the first training information frame is Z1 bits, the first X1 bits of the third information frame are determined based on the first X1 bits of the third synchronization information, and the last Z1 bits of the third information frame are obtained based on the first training information frame and the last Z1 bits of the third synchronization information, where X1, Y1, and Z1 are positive integers, and X1+Z1=Y1.

[0077] Optionally, the fourth information frame is further used to indicate fourth synchronization information, where the lengths of the fourth information frame and the fourth synchronization information are the same and equal to Y2 bits, the length of the second training information frame is Z2 bits, the first X2 bits of the fourth information frame are determined based on the first X2 bits of the fourth synchronization information, and the last Z2 bits of the fourth information frame are obtained based on the last Z2 bits of the fourth synchronization information and the second training information frame, where X2, Y2, and Z2 are positive integers, and X2+Z2=Y2.

[0078] The third information frame may be used to indicate the first training information frame and the third synchronization information. Specifically, see FIG. 3C for a schematic diagram of the configuration structure of the third information frame. As shown in FIG. 3C, the length of the third synchronization information is Y1 bits. The first X1 bit may be directly added to the third information frame, and the last Z1 bit is combined with the first training information frame to generate the last Z1 bit of the third information frame. The combination method may be XOR, bitwise AND, bitwise OR, etc. After the slave node receives the third information frame, if the first synchronization information is preset to be exactly the same as the third synchronization information, the slave node may determine the third synchronization information based on the previously acquired first synchronization information and then acquire the third training information frame based on the last Z1 bit of the third synchronization information. If the first synchronization information is not preset to be exactly the same as the third synchronization information, the slave node may complete synchronization with the master node based on the first X1 bit of the third information frame, i.e., the first X1 bit of the third synchronization information. Then, the last Z1 bits of the third synchronization information are obtained according to a local scrambler generation rule (alternatively, the last Z1 bits of the third synchronization information may be a known fixed sequence). Finally, the third training information frame is obtained by demodulating the last Z1 bits of the third information frame based on the last Z1 bits of the third synchronization information.

[0079] The structure of the components of the fourth information frame may be the same as that of the third information frame. That is, the first X2 bits of the fourth synchronization information form the first X2 bits of the fourth information frame, and the last Z2 bits of the fourth information frame are obtained after the last Z2 bits of the fourth synchronization information are XORed with the second training information frame, where X2 + Z2 = Y2, where Y2 is the length of the fourth information frame and the length of the fourth synchronization information. X2 may or may not be equal to X1, Z2 may or may not be equal to Z1, and Y1 may or may not be equal to Y2. This is not limited here. After receiving the fourth information frame, the master node synchronizes with the slave node in the same manner as above and demodulates to obtain the fourth training information frame.

[0080] Alternatively, Figure 3D is a schematic diagram of another third information frame configuration according to an embodiment of this application. Alternatively, the first training information frame may be combined with the middle Z1 bits of the third synchronization information to obtain the middle Z1 bits of the third information frame. Then, the first X11 bits and the last X12 bits of the third information frame are obtained by filling the first X11 bits and the last X12 bits of the third synchronization information, respectively. Similarly, the total length of the third information frame is equal to the total length Y1 of the third synchronization information.

[0081] Similarly, the Z1 bit of the fourth training information frame shown in the fourth information frame may also be located in the middle of the fourth information frame, and the first X21 bit and the last X22 bit of the fourth information frame are obtained by filling the first X21 bit and the last X22 bit of the fourth synchronization information, respectively. The total length of the fourth information frame is as follows: Y1 = X21 + X22 + Z1.

[0082] In this embodiment of the present application, the information frame includes synchronization information and a bit indicating a training information frame, and does not include additional partition information or block information bits. In this way, when synchronization is performed, the register can directly complete synchronization based on the synchronization information. This avoids the problem that synchronization cannot be performed because the additional bits cannot be identified, and improves the efficiency and reliability of node synchronization.

[0083] In some cases, to ensure an equal probability of occurrence of bit values ​​(0 or 1) in the transmitted bit stream, information frames including synchronization information and training information frames may be used as a codable bit stream, which is then divided into multiple codewords. Each codeword may have a length equivalent to 8 or 9 bits. Before transmitting the codewords to a transmission channel, each codeword is encoded into a longer codeword after a coding and mapping process. For example, an original 8-bit or 9-bit codeword is encoded into a 10-bit codeword. The long bitstream formed by the longer codeword is then transmitted to the receiving end, which then reconstructs the long bitstream based on each long codeword. For example, a 10-bit codeword is reconstructed into an 8-bit or 9-bit codeword to obtain the original information frame content. However, after receiving the long bitstream, the receiving end cannot learn the start and end positions of each long codeword in the bitstream. As a result, the receiving end cannot reconstruct the long codeword. In this embodiment of the present application, a code delimiter may be added before the synchronization information of each information frame, allowing the receiving end to determine the start and end positions of each long codeword after the code mapping process. For details, see FIG. 3E. FIG. 3E is a schematic diagram of another information frame structure according to an embodiment of the present application. Each information frame may begin with an M1-bit code delimiter, where M1 is the length of the long codeword. Furthermore, the code delimiter is a fixed sequence that is not repeated in subsequent long codewords carrying information, allowing the receiving end to identify the encoding start position and the length of the subsequent long codeword upon receiving the code delimiter and further determine the start and end positions of each long codeword. The length of the information frame N1 = the length of the code delimiter M1 + the length of the synchronization information M2. The length of the original synchronization information (which may be combined with the training information frame) is M2 bits, which is the codable length. The transmitting end encodes the codable bitstream based on the coding efficiency.The coding efficiency is the ratio of the length of the original codeword to the length of the encoded longer codeword, e.g., 9B / 10B=0.9, which indicates a coding efficiency of 0.9.

[0084] As shown in Figure 3E, assuming M1 = 10 bits, M2 = 900 bits, and the codable bitstream is coded based on a coding efficiency of 0.9, a new bitstream length M4 = M2 / 0.9 = 900 / 0.9 = 1000 bits is obtained. The code delimiter does not need to be coded, and it is still M1 bits in the new bitstream. Therefore, the bitstream length of the new information frame is M1 + M4.

[0085] Furthermore, to make it easier for the receiving end to decode the encoded bitstream, the length of the encoded bitstream may be an integer multiple of a single encoded codeword. For example, if a single encoded codeword is 10 bits, the length of the encoded bitstream is an integer multiple of 10.

[0086] In an embodiment of this application, an information frame is coded as a codable bit stream, so that the bit values ​​in the bit stream have equal occurrence probabilities, the DC balance of the transmission signal is ensured, and the robustness of the transmission signal is improved. Dedicated code delimiters are added to the information frame to indicate the start and end positions of each code block in the coded bit stream, so that the efficiency and accuracy of decoding the coded bit stream by the receiving end can be improved.

[0087] The above information frame including synchronization information + training information frame or including code delimiter + synchronization information + training information frame is a possible configuration manner of the information frame, and does not constitute a limitation on the configuration of the information frame in this embodiment of this application. The information frame described below will be described by using an example in which the information frame includes synchronization information + training information frame. The details will not be described again below.

[0088] After obtaining the first training information frame from the third information frame, the slave node performs link training with the master node based on the first training information frame in combination with the third synchronization information. Link training includes capability negotiation, state control, and parameter exchange. In this embodiment of the present application, the training information frames may be classified into forward training information frames and reverse training information frames. Forward training information frames are forward transmission frames, reverse training information frames are reverse transmission frames, forward transmissions are high-speed transmissions, and reverse transmissions are low-speed transmissions. Training information frames can be transmitted from the master node to the slave node at high speed and received by the slave node at low speed, or can be transmitted from the master node to the slave node at low speed and received at high speed. In this case, the first training information frame transmitted by the master node may be a forward training information frame, and the second training information frame transmitted by the slave node to the master node may be a reverse training information frame, or the first training information frame transmitted by the master node to the slave node may be a reverse training information frame, and the second training information frame transmitted by the slave node to the master node is a forward training information frame.

[0089] Optionally, assuming that the first training information frame transmitted by the master node to the slave node is a reverse training information frame, the information that may be included in the reverse training information frame is shown in Table 1. [Table 1]

[0090] The above table includes information that may be carried in a reverse training information frame. In certain cases, the reverse training information frame may carry all or part of the information. The numbers in the table are used to indicate the length of bits occupied by the corresponding information. For example, the start symbol may occupy 24 bits.

[0091] In the reverse training information frame, some information is specifically provided in this embodiment of this application, specifically including:

[0092] The start symbol is used to identify the start of a reverse training information frame. For example, in Figure 3C or 3D, in the first training information frame, which is Y1 bits in length, the first 24 bits are the start symbol, and the start symbol sequence may be 0xEE E111 or other sequences.

[0093] The remaining reverse training information frame count is used to indicate the number of remaining reverse training information frames to be transmitted. For example, if the remaining reverse training information frame count is 3, this indicates that three more training information frames need to be transmitted after the current reverse training information frame transmission is completed. Alternatively, the remaining reverse training information frame count may also be used to indicate a countdown count of the currently transmitted reverse training information frame. For example, if the remaining reverse training information frame count is 4, this indicates that the currently transmitted reverse training information frame is the fourth-to-last reverse training information frame, and that the third-to-last reverse training information frame to the first-to-last reverse training information frame need to be transmitted thereafter. The field may be configured in the following two ways: Scheme 1: The number of remaining training information frames to be transmitted is configured in a 2 n -th power way. For example, 0xFF indicates the number of invalid reverse training information frames, and 0 to 0xFE indicate the number of remaining training sync frames ranging from 0 to 254, respectively. When the value is equal to 0, both ends synchronously jump to the training verification state. Scheme 2: Inverted scrambling code bit number identifier is used. The scrambling code generated by the receiving end (which may be a slave node here) is XORed with the field, and a number of "0" or "1" is used to represent the number of remaining reverse training information frames (all inversions are invalid number identifiers, and an inverted scrambling code of 0 to 7 represents the number of remaining untransmitted information frames). In this scheme, the number of remaining reverse training information frames to be transmitted is identified, and no additional bits need to be occupied to identify the start and end of transmitting training information frames, thereby reducing storage space overhead.In this embodiment of the application, since each reverse training information frame is indicated by one reverse training information frame, the bits occupied by the number of reverse training information frames may also be used to indicate the number of reverse information frames, and the states indicated by the two are the same.

[0094] The reverse training information frame type is used to identify the type of reverse training information frame. For example, 0000 indicates that the remaining fields of the current reverse training information frame are training information fields defined in the table, and 0001-1111 indicates a self-defined reverse training information frame extended by the user.

[0095] The pre-emphasis gear is used to configure the pre-emphasis level of the second end. The second end is the node that transmits the forward training information frame (or the node that receives the reverse training information frame), which is the slave node in this case. The pre-emphasis level of the slave node is added to the reverse training information frame transmitted by the master node and is used to indicate the pre-emphasis level that needs to be used by the slave node in the subsequent process of transmitting data or control information to counter the low-pass characteristics of the forward transmission channel. The forward transmission channel is the channel used for forward transmission. Optionally, the pre-emphasis gear may further be used to indicate the pre-emphasis gear that needs to be used when the slave node transmits the forward training information frame.

[0096] The swing gear is used to configure the transmission swing of the second end, which is the transmission swing of the slave node in this case, and is used to configure the voltage range of the signal transmitted to the forward transmission channel in the process of transmitting information from the slave node.

[0097] The media encapsulation protocol (MEP) version number is used to indicate the MEP version number supported by the first end, which is the node that transmits the reverse direction training information frame, and is the master node in this case.

[0098] The maximum retransmission number is used to configure the maximum retransmission number of information transmission at the second end. After the initialization of the link between the master node and the slave node is completed, normal information transmission (including data transmission or control information transmission) is performed between the two nodes, and the maximum retransmission number is used to indicate the maximum number of times the slave node can retransmit data or control information.

[0099] The transparent transmission mode indication is used to instruct the first end whether to enable the transparent transmission mode. In the transparent transmission mode, data packets transmitted at the upper layer are directly transmitted to the physical layer for coding and modulation, and then transmitted to the transmission channel without being encapsulated and packed by media access control (MAC). FIG. 3G is a schematic diagram comparing the transparent transmission mode and the non-transparent transmission mode according to an embodiment of this application. The left side of FIG. 3G is the transparent transmission mode, in which the data link layer includes a media encapsulation layer and a MAC layer. After being encapsulated at the media encapsulation layer, the data packets transmitted at the upper layer are directly transmitted to the physical layer. The data packets do not need to be encapsulated and packaged at the MAC layer, as in the non-transparent transmission mode shown on the right side of FIG. 3G. Alternatively, the transparent transmission mode indication information may be used to indicate whether the second end enables the transparent transmission mode, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of this application.

[0100] The active time of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code block is used by the first end transmitting a reverse training information frame to identify the active time of a corresponding CRC code block transmitted in a subsequent process of transmitting data or control information. Counting begins with the first transmission of a CRC code block, and after the active time of the CRC code block is exceeded, the CRC code block is discarded. For example, a bit value of 000 indicates that the active time is the time for the first end to transmit three CRC code blocks; a bit value of 001 indicates that the active time is the time for the first end to transmit six CRC code blocks; a bit value of 010 indicates that the active time is the time for the first end to transmit nine CRC code blocks; and a bit value of 011 to 111 indicates that the active time of the CRC code block is user-defined. Alternatively, the active time of the CRC code block may be used to identify the active time of the corresponding transmitted CRC code block in a subsequent process of transmitting data or control information by the second end transmitting the forward training information frame, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of this application.

[0101] The reserved bandwidth for control information transmission is used to configure the bandwidth ratio occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the second end. Specifically, the master node configures the bandwidth ratio that can be occupied by control information in the process in which the slave node performs data transmission or control information transmission to the master node. Optionally, this parameter may also be replaced with the reserved bandwidth for data transmission, which is used to configure the bandwidth ratio that can be occupied by data when the slave node transmits data or control information. After the bandwidth ratio of data (or control information) is determined based on the parameter configuration of the master node, the bandwidth ratio of control information (or data) may be obtained through calculation.

[0102] The training verification function indication is used to indicate that the first end can jump from the training state to the training verification state. The process in which the master node and the slave node train the link is the training state of the master node and the slave node. The process in which the master node and the slave node verify the training result after completing link training is called the training verification state. The training verification function indication may occupy one bit. When the bit value is 1, this indicates that the master node can jump to the training verification state after the training state is completed, and the jump can be performed after the training process is completed. When the bit value is 0, this indicates that the master node does not have a training verification state, or this indicates that the master node does not need to jump from the training state to the verification state, and directly enters the subsequent information transmission stage, assuming that the master node has a training verification state.

[0103] The CRC code block size is used to identify the size of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in a subsequent process of transmitting data or control information by the first end. Alternatively, the CRC code block size may be used to identify the size of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in a process of transmitting data or control information by the second end. For example, if the bit value is 000, this indicates that the CRC code block size is 3240 bits, if the bit value is 001, this indicates that the CRC code block size is 1620 bits, and if the bit value is 011 to 111, this indicates that the CRC code block size is user-defined.

[0104] The terminator is used to identify the end of the reverse training information frame. For the last 16 bits of the training information frame, when the terminator is set to all ones, the training information frame is terminated by using the inverse scrambling code identifier of the last 16 bits of the training information frame.

[0105] In the above information, the pre-emphasis gear and swing gear are training parameters, which are obtained by the master node through calculation after the master node receives the reverse information frame. The training parameters may further include the local reception state indication in Table 1. The MEP version is a capability parameter, which is a parameter of the node's inherent capability. The capability parameters may further include the sleep function indication in Table 1. The maximum number of retransmissions, the reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, and the training verification function indication are configuration parameters, which may be configured by a system on chip (SoC). The configuration parameters may further include the precoding codebook selection, interleaving depth, Reed-Solomon forward error correction (RS) code block size, etc. in Table 1. Furthermore, in this embodiment of the present application, the CRC check bit in Table 1 may be used to check from the bit starting from the precoding to the bit before the CRC check bit. In other words, information such as the start symbol and the number of remaining training information frames does not need to be checked using this method. The training information in each reverse training information frame may occupy 128 bits.

[0106] Correspondingly, the second training information frame transmitted by the slave node to the master node is a forward training information frame, and the information that may be included in the forward training information frame is shown in Table 2. [Table 2]

[0107] The above table includes information that may be carried in the forward training information frame. In certain cases, the forward training information frame may carry all or part of the information. In the forward training information frame, some information is specifically provided in this embodiment of this application, specifically as follows:

[0108] The start symbol is used to identify the beginning of the forward training information frame. Similarly, the start symbol sequence may be 0xEE E111 or some other sequence.

[0109] The remaining forward training information frame count is used to identify the number of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted. Corresponding to the remaining reverse training information frame count in the reverse training information frame described above, this parameter is used by the receiving node (here, the master node) to determine the number of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted by the slave node. In some cases, because the transmission baud rate of the forward training information frames is higher, multiple forward training information frames can be transmitted within the period of transmitting one reverse training information frame. Therefore, the remaining forward training information frame count may also indicate the number of groups of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted, and the number of forward training information frames in one group is the number of forward training information frames that can be transmitted within the period of transmitting one reverse training frame.

[0110] The forward training information frame number is used to identify the serial number of the corresponding forward training information frame within a reverse training information frame transmission period. As mentioned above, the transmission rate of the forward training information frame is higher. Therefore, within the period (transmission period) for transmitting one reverse training information frame, the peer end may transmit multiple forward training information frames. For this reason, the forward training information frames within one reverse training information frame transmission period are numbered, so that the receiving end of the forward training information frame can determine the time to transmit the reverse training information frame based on the serial number. For example, if seven forward training information frames can be transmitted within a reverse training information frame transmission period, the serial numbers of the forward training information frames may be 0 to 6. The master node transmits the reverse training information frames in sequence, and after receiving the reverse training information frames, the slave node transmits the forward training information frame. Alternatively, after the master node transmits the reverse training information frame, the slave node may begin transmitting the forward training information frame to the master node within a preset time range. The preset time range may be 1 μs or another smaller value. Similarly, assuming that the master node transmits a forward training information frame and the slave node transmits a reverse training information frame, after the master node transmits the last forward training information frame within a transmission period, the slave node may also transmit a forward training information frame to the master node within a preset time range. The transmission period is the period for transmitting one reverse training information frame.

[0111] The forward training information frame type is used to identify the type of forward training information frame currently being transmitted. For example, 0000 indicates that the remaining fields of the current forward training information frame are training information fields defined in the table, and 0001-1111 indicates a self-defined forward training information frame extended by the user.

[0112] The pre-emphasis gear enable instruction is used to identify the pre-emphasis gear to be used by the second end. The second end is the node that transmits the forward training information frame, which is the slave node in this case. If the reverse training information frame received by the slave node from the master node includes pre-emphasis gear information and the pre-emphasis gear of the slave node is configured, the pre-emphasis gear enable instruction is added to the forward training information frame transmitted by the slave node to indicate the pre-emphasis gear to be used by the slave node in the information transmission process or other process (including the process corresponding to the training state, or further including the process corresponding to the training verification state). The master node may check whether the slave node correctly receives the pre-emphasis gear configured by the master node based on the pre-emphasis gear enable instruction.

[0113] The swing gear is used to configure the transmission swing of the first end. The first end is a node that transmits a reverse training information frame, which is the master node in this example. The master node may configure the swing gear of the slave node by using the reverse training information frame. Correspondingly, the slave node may configure the swing gear of the master node by using the forward training information frame.

[0114] The MEP version number is used to indicate the MEP version number supported by the second end.

[0115] The maximum retransmission number is used to configure the maximum number of retransmissions of information transmission at the first end. After the initialization of the link between the master node and the slave node is completed, normal data transmission or control information transmission is performed between the two nodes. The maximum retransmission number is used to configure the maximum number of times a node transmitting a reverse training information frame can retransmit data or control information, and here indicates the maximum number of times the master node can retransmit data or control information.

[0116] The transparent transmission mode indication is used to indicate to the second end whether to enable the transparent transmission mode, or to indicate to the first end whether to enable the transparent transmission mode, and this information and the transparent transmission mode indication information in the reverse direction training information frame are used to indicate the transparent transmission mode of different ends.

[0117] The active time of the CRC code block is used by the second end transmitting the forward training information frame to identify the active time of the CRC code block that will be correspondingly transmitted in a subsequent process of transmitting data or control information. Alternatively, the active time of the CRC code block may be used by the first end transmitting the reverse training information frame to identify the active time of the CRC code block that will be correspondingly transmitted in a subsequent process of transmitting data or control information. This information and the active time information of the CRC code block in the reverse training information frame are used to indicate the active time of the CRC code block in the information transmission process of different ends.

[0118] The reserved bandwidth for control information transmission is used to configure the bandwidth ratio occupied by control information in the information transmission process of the first end, where it is the ratio of the bandwidth that can be occupied by control information in the process of transmitting data or control information by the master node. Similarly, this parameter can also be used to configure the reserved bandwidth for data transmission, which is used to determine the ratio of the bandwidth that can be occupied by data when the slave node transmits data or control information.

[0119] The training verification function indication is used to indicate whether the second end jumps from the training state to the training verification state. Similarly, the training verification function indication may occupy one bit. When the bit value is 1, this indicates that the slave node can jump to the training verification state after the training state is completed. When the bit value is 0, this indicates that the slave node does not have a training verification state, or when the slave node has a training verification state, the slave node does not need to enter the training verification state and will directly jump to the next state after the training state is completed, for example, will directly jump to the information transmission state.

[0120] The CRC code block size is used to identify the size of the CRC code block to be transmitted correspondingly in a subsequent process of transmitting data or control information by the second end. Alternatively, the CRC code block size may be used to identify the size of the CRC code block to be transmitted correspondingly in a process of transmitting data or control information by the first end. This information and the CRC code block size information in the reverse training information frame are used to indicate the CRC code block size in the information transmission process of different ends.

[0121] The terminator is used to identify the end of the forward training information frame. A 16-bit inverted scrambling code may be used for calibration.

[0122] Similarly, in addition to the above description information, the information in the forward training information frame may further include a local reception state indication, a sleep function indication, a first-end retransmission enable flag, a CRC check bit, etc. in Table 2. This is not limited in this embodiment of the application. The CRC check bit may be used to check the bits starting from the serial number for the training information frame to the bit before the CRC check bit. The training information in each forward training information frame may occupy 128 bits.

[0123] Above, the information contained in the two types of training information frames has been described by using an example in which a master node transmits a reverse training information frame and a slave node transmits a forward training information frame. Optionally, the master node may transmit a forward training information frame, and a slave node transmits a reverse training information frame. The only difference is that the first end in the above description is correspondingly replaced by a slave node (a node that transmits a reverse training information frame), and the second end is correspondingly replaced by a master node (a node that transmits a forward training information frame).

[0124] It can be seen that in this embodiment of the present application, information is added to the training information frame, thereby enabling more capability negotiation, state control and parameter exchange to be performed when the training information frame is transmitted between nodes to perform link training, thereby enabling the training results achieved in the link training process to meet more scenario requirements and improving the reliability of the link training results.

[0125] The master node and the slave node exchange the third information frame and the fourth information frame multiple times. The slave node may obtain the first training information frame based on the received third information frame, and then obtain the master node's associated state configuration and capability parameters based on the information in the first training information frame, or further determine the slave node's information transmission configuration, state configuration, etc. The master node may obtain the second training information frame based on the received fourth information frame, and then determine the information transmission configuration and state configuration to be implemented by the slave node for the master node based on the information in the second training information frame, and further obtain the slave node's capability parameters, etc. The master node and the slave node may transmit information frames multiple times to facilitate capability negotiation and parameter training interaction between the two with sufficient information. The master node may then transmit the last few information frames to the slave node and simultaneously receive the last few information frames transmitted by the slave node, thereby entering the next node state after completing the interaction of the last few information frames. Before transmitting the last few information frames, the master node may first determine that the training information has converged, i.e., that the training information remains stable and essentially unchanged. This indicates that link training between the master node and the slave node is essentially complete. When transmitting the last few information frames, the master node may transmit a fifth information frame to the slave node. The fifth information frame includes training information frames, and the training information frame includes a first count of remaining training information frames. Assuming that the master node transmits reverse training information frames, the first count of remaining training information frames is the count of remaining reverse training information frames. The slave node receives the fifth information frame and then determines a second count of remaining training information frames based on the first count of remaining training information frames in the fifth information frame.Generally, the value of the second count of remaining training information frames is equal to the value of the first count of remaining training information frames, indicating that the number of remaining reverse training information frames to be transmitted is the same as the number of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted. Finally, the slave node transmits a sixth information frame to the master node. The training information frames in the sixth information frame include the second count of remaining training information frames. Each time the master node and the slave node exchange the fifth information frame and the sixth information frame, the count values ​​of the remaining reverse training information frames and forward training information frames, indicated by the first count of remaining training information frames and the second count of remaining training information frames, are decreased by one. Alternatively, when the transmission period of the fifth information frame is different from the transmission period of the sixth information frame, the number of remaining training information frames in the forward training information frame may be set to the number of groups to be transmitted of the remaining forward training information frames, and the number of forward training information frames included in each group is the number of forward training information frames that can be transmitted within the period of transmitting one reverse training frame. After the last serial numbered forward training information frame in each group is transmitted, the remaining forward training frame count is decremented by 1. Transmission of the fifth and sixth information frames stops until the remaining reverse training information frame count and remaining forward training information frame count reach 0.

[0126] Optionally, the method further includes: when the number of remaining information frames is a first preset value, the master node sends a seventh information frame to the slave node, the seventh information frame includes a first end identifier used to demarcate a boundary at which the master node jumps to the training verification state, and the master node receives an eighth information frame carrying a second end identifier.

[0127] The first preset threshold may be used to indicate that the number of remaining training information frames to be transmitted is 0, indicating that the currently transmitted training information frame is the last training information frame. In this case, the seventh information frame transmitted by the master node to the slave node includes the first preset value, and the last few bits of the seventh information frame are the first end identifier. After receiving the seventh information frame, the slave node may determine, based on the first end identifier, that the master node has completed transmitting the information frame. Similarly, the eighth information frame transmitted by the slave node to the master node includes the first preset value, and the last few bits of the eighth information frame are the second end identifier. After receiving the eighth information frame, the master node determines, based on the second end identifier, that the slave node has completed transmitting the information frame. The first end identifier and the second end identifier may occupy the same bit length or different bit lengths. When the first end identifier and the second end identifier occupy the same bit length, the first end identifier and the second end identifier may be the same code or different codes. This is not a limitation in this application.

[0128] Optionally, the slave node being further configured to generate a fourth information frame specifically includes: determining the length of the fourth information frame based on the length of the third information frame; when the first training information frame is a reverse training information frame and the second training information frame is a forward training information frame, the length of the third information frame is an integer multiple of the length of the fourth information frame; or when the first training information frame is a forward training information frame and the second training information frame is a reverse training information frame, the length of the fourth information frame is an integer multiple of the length of the third information frame, the length being a time length or a bit length; and generating the fourth information frame based on the length of the fourth information frame.

[0129] As mentioned above, the forward training information frame is a frame transmitted at a high speed, and the reverse training information frame is a frame transmitted at a low speed. Correspondingly, the reverse information frame used to indicate the reverse training information frame is also a frame transmitted at a low speed, and the forward information frame used to indicate the forward training information frame is a frame transmitted at a high speed. Optionally, refer to Table 3 for parameter settings when the reverse training information frame and the forward training information frame are transmitted. [Table 3]

[0130] From Table 3, it can be seen that for gear 1 and gear 2, the baud rate for transmitting the forward information frame is 20 times the baud rate for transmitting the reverse information frame, and for gear 3, the forward rate is 31.875 times the reverse rate, i.e., the forward rate is much greater than the reverse rate. Therefore, when the lengths of the reverse information frame and the forward information frame are set, the bit lengths of the reverse information frame and the forward information frame may be set based on the transmission period of the reverse information frame being an integer multiple of the transmission period of the forward information frame. The integer multiple may be determined based on the ratio of the baud rates of the forward transmission and the reverse transmission. For example, the bit lengths of the reverse information frame and the forward information frame are set based on a transmission period of 8:1. The period of the forward information frame is 2 μs (microseconds), which corresponds to gear 1, 8,000 bits, 16,000 bits, and 12,750 bits, respectively. The period of the reverse information frame is 16 μs, which corresponds to gear 1, gear 2, and gear 3, which is 3,200 bits. For a specific information frame transmission process, please refer to Figure 3F. Figure 3F is a schematic diagram of information frame transmission according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3F, some bits in each forward information frame are used to indicate a forward training information frame, and some bits in each reverse information frame are used to indicate a reverse training information frame. When the reverse information frame and the forward information frame are set based on the parameters in Table 3, eight forward information frames can be transmitted when one reverse information frame is transmitted. The time when a node transmits eight forward information frames is aligned with the time when the node receives one forward information frame (or the time when a node receives eight forward information frames is aligned with the time when the node transmits one forward information frame). In this case, the node can receive and transmit information frames simultaneously and activate the next state without any extra waiting time. This effectively improves signal transmission efficiency.

[0131] Alternatively, the reverse information frame and the forward information frame may be optionally set to have equal bit lengths. See Table 4 for specific parameter settings. [Table 4]

[0132] According to Table 4, the ratios of the forward baud rate to the reverse baud rate for gear 1, gear 2, and gear 3 are 20, 40, and 31.875, respectively. If the bit lengths of the forward information frame and the reverse information frame are set to be the same, for example, 4096 bits, for gear 1, the total number of reverse information frames to be transmitted is set to 100, and the total number of forward information frames to be transmitted is set to 2000. In this case, the total number of reverse information frames to be transmitted is 100*4096, and the required transmission period is 100*4096 / 200=2048 μs. The total length of the forward information frames to be transmitted is 2000*4096, and the required transmission period is 2000*4096 / 4000=2048 μs. In this case, the difference between the transmission period of the forward information frame and the transmission period of the reverse information frame is 0 μs. The calculation method for gear 2 and gear 3 is the same. The obtained transmission period difference is 0 μs and 0.32 μs, respectively. For a specific transmission process, please refer to FIG. 3H. FIG. 3H is a schematic diagram of another information frame transmission according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG. 3H, when the reverse information frame and the forward information frame are set based on the parameters in Table 4, in gear 1, it takes 20.48 μs to complete the transmission of one reverse information frame, and it takes 1.024 μs to complete the transmission of one forward information frame, and the time difference between the transmission of 100 reverse information frames and the transmission of 2000 forward information frames is 0 μs. In gear 3, the maximum time difference between the completion of 100 reverse information frames and the completion of 3188 forward information frames is 0.32 μs. This value is a minimum value, which can ensure that during information transmission after link training is completed between nodes, the difference between forward information transmission and reverse information transmission is within the length of one RS code block + RRC. The above transmission time difference meets the requirements.

[0133] After link training between the master node and the slave node is completed, a training verification process may be performed. The lengths of the forward training verification frame and the reverse training verification frame may be set to further ensure that the difference between the forward information transmission and the reverse information transmission is within the length of one RS code block plus reverse retransmission control (RRC). For details, see Table 5. [Table 5]

[0134] Gear 1 is used as an example for explanation. The ratio of the forward transmission baud rate to the reverse transmission baud rate is 20:1. The forward training verification frame is transmitted by using a forward RS forward error correction (FEC) block. Each forward RS FEC block is 4000 bits. 100 forward training verification frames are transmitted, i.e., 100 forward RS FEC blocks are transmitted, totaling 4000*100 bits. The duration of the forward training verification frame, 100 μs, may be obtained through calculation based on a transmission baud rate of 4000. Similarly, the total size of the reverse RS FEC blocks is 1000*20 bits, and the duration of the reverse training verification frame, 100 μs, may be obtained through calculation based on a transmission baud rate of 200. In this case, during the training verification phase, the master node and the slave node transmit training verification frames of the same duration, which does not affect the difference between forward information transmission and reverse information transmission.

[0135] In this embodiment of the present application, the forward information frame and the reverse information frame are set to have the same bit length according to the different transmission baud rate characteristics of the reverse information frame and the reverse information frame, and the total number of the forward information frame and the reverse information frame to be transmitted is set according to the baud rate multiple relationship between the forward information frame and the reverse information frame, which ensures that the transmission time difference between the forward information frame and the reverse information frame is within a preset range, and can avoid the influence of an excessively large transmission time difference on the subsequent information transmission process.

[0136] It should be noted that the forward training frame may be transmitted by the master node or may be transmitted by the slave node. Assuming that the first training information frame is a reverse training information frame and the second training information frame is a forward training information frame, the third information frame is a reverse information frame and the fourth information frame is a forward information frame. Assuming that the first training information frame is a forward training information frame and the second training information frame is a reverse training information frame, the third information frame is a forward information frame and the fourth information frame is a reverse information frame. The length settings of the third information frame and the fourth information frame correspond to the settings of the forward information frame or the reverse information frame.

[0137] As described above, an end indicator may be added to the last reverse information frame and the last forward information frame to indicate the end of the information frame transmission. Corresponding to the parameters in Table 3, the end indicator duration may be set to 1 μs. In this case, when gear 1 is used, the corresponding end indicator in the forward information frame is 4000 bits, and the end indicator in the reverse information frame is 200 bits. For details, see FIG. 3I, which is a schematic diagram of setting the end indicator. When gear 2 is used, the end indicator in the forward information frame is 8000 bits, and the end indicator in the reverse information frame is 200 bits. When gear 3 is used, the end indicator in the forward information frame is 6375 bits, and the end indicator in the reverse information frame is 200 bits. As shown in FIG. 3I, after end indicators with the same duration are added to the forward information frame and the reverse information frame, the time to complete the transmission of the forward information frame and the reverse information frame remains the same, and subsequent data or control information transmission is not affected. Alternatively, the reverse information frame and the forward information may have other end identifiers of the same duration, for example, 0.5 μs, 0.1 μs, or 2 μs, which is not limited in this embodiment of the application.

[0138] Similarly, an end identifier of the same duration may also be added to the reverse information frame and the forward information frame obtained by setting the corresponding parameters in Table 4, so that the difference in transmission duration between the reverse information frame and the forward information frame is not affected after the end identifier is added. Alternatively, end identifiers of different durations may be set to the reverse information frame and the forward information frame to compensate for the difference in transmission duration between the reverse information frame and the forward information frame. For example, the transmission duration of the forward information frame obtained by setting the parameters in Table 4 is 0.32 μs longer than the transmission duration of the reverse information frame. The end identifier duration in the forward information frame may be set to T1. In this case, the end identifier duration in the reverse information frame is T2=T1+0.32, and the durations T1 and T2 are in μs. After the end identifier is added to the last forward information frame and the last reverse information frame, the time at which the transmission of the two frames is completed is the same. This further avoids any impact on subsequent data or control information transmission.

[0139] 4A and 4B are flowcharts of another communication link initialization method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, the method includes the following steps:

[0140] 401: The master node sends a ninth information frame to a slave node, where the ninth information frame is used to indicate fifth synchronization information and fifth training information frames, where the fifth training information frame is a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame, and the reverse training information frame includes the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, and a control information transmission the forward training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame number, a forward training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of the CRC code block, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator.

[0141] 402: The slave node receives the ninth information frame from the master node and synchronizes with the master node based on the fifth synchronization information.

[0142] 403: The slave node sends a tenth information frame to the master node, where the tenth information frame is used to indicate a sixth synchronization information frame and a sixth training information frame, and the sixth training information frame is reverse training information or forward training information.

[0143] 404: The slave node trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the ninth information frame.

[0144] 405: The master node receives the tenth information frame from the slave node and performs synchronization with the slave node based on the sixth synchronization information.

[0145] 406: The master node trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the 10th information frame.

[0146] In an embodiment of this application, the ninth information frame transmitted by the master node to the slave node indicates both the fifth synchronization information and the fifth training information frame. The slave node obtains the fifth synchronization information and the fifth training information frame from the ninth information frame, then performs synchronization with the slave node based on the fifth synchronization information, and then performs link training with the slave node based on the information in the fifth training information frame. Assuming that the transmission from the master node to the slave node is a reverse transmission, the ninth information frame is a reverse information frame, and the fifth training information frame is a reverse training information frame. In particular, the information in the reverse training information frame may include one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, information about the reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The meaning indicated by this information is the same as the meaning indicated by the corresponding information in the embodiment corresponding to Figures 3A to 3I. Similarly, the information included in the reverse training information frame may further include precoding codebook selection, interleaving depth, RS code block size, CRC check bits, etc., which is not limited in this embodiment of this application.

[0147] Assuming that the transmission from the master node to the slave node is a forward transmission, the ninth information frame is a forward information frame, and the fifth training information frame is a forward training information frame. In particular, the information in the forward training information frame may include one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame number, a forward training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, a CRC code block active time, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The meaning indicated by this information is the same as the meaning indicated by the corresponding information in the embodiment corresponding to Figures 3A to 3I. Similarly, the information included in the forward training information frame may further include a local reception state indication, a sleep function indication, a first-end retransmission enable identifier, a CRC check bit, etc. The CRC check bit may be used to check information starting from the remaining reverse training information frame information in Table 1 to information before the CRC check bit. This is not specifically limited in this embodiment of this application.

[0148] The tenth information frame transmitted by the slave node to the master node indicates both the sixth synchronization information and the sixth training information frame. The master node obtains the sixth synchronization information and the sixth training information frame from the tenth information frame, then performs synchronization with the slave node based on the sixth synchronization information, and then performs link training with the master node based on the information in the sixth training information frame. Assuming that the transmission from the master node to the slave node is a reverse transmission, the transmission from the slave node to the master node is a forward transmission, the tenth information frame is a forward information frame, and the sixth training information frame is a forward training information frame. Assuming that the transmission from the master node to the slave node is a forward transmission, the transmission from the slave node to the master node is a reverse transmission, the tenth information frame is a reverse information frame, and the sixth training information frame is a reverse training information frame. Information that may be included in the reverse training information frame and the forward training information frame has been described above. Details will not be described again here.

[0149] It can be seen that in this embodiment of the application, the content of the training information frame is added or modified, so that when performing link training between nodes by using the information in the training information frame, the nodes can perform more sufficient capability negotiation, state control and parameter exchange, so that the training results achieved in the link training process can meet the requirements of more scenarios, and the reliability of the link training results is improved.

[0150] Optionally, the parameter settings when the ninth and tenth information frames are transmitted are determined based on whether the attributes of the two frames are forward information frames or reverse information frames. For details, refer to the parameter settings and descriptions of the corresponding information frames in Table 3 or Table 4. The details will not be described again here.

[0151] Furthermore, when the remainder of the remaining training information frames in the ninth and tenth information frames is 1, i.e., when the last training information frame is transmitted, a transmission end indicator may be carried to indicate that the transmission of the reverse direction training frame or the forward direction training frame is completed. For the setting of the length of the end indicator, please refer to the specific description of the embodiment corresponding to Figures 3A to 3I. The details will not be described again here.

[0152] Optionally, for processes such as setting the length relationship between the ninth information frame and the fifth training information frame and the fifth synchronization information contained in the ninth information frame, the length relationship between the tenth information frame and the sixth training information frame and the sixth synchronization information contained in the tenth information frame, and the length of the training verification frame after the ninth training frame and the tenth training frame, please refer to the specific descriptions in Figures 3A to 3I, and the details will not be described again here.

[0153] 5A and 5B are flowcharts of another communication link initialization method according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in 5A and 5B, the method includes the following steps:

[0154] 501: The master node sends an 11th information frame to the slave node, where the 11th information frame is used to indicate seventh synchronization information and seventh training information frames, where the lengths of the seventh synchronization information and the 11th information frame are the same and equal to Y3 bits, where the length of the seventh training information frame is Z3 bits, where the first X3 bits of the 11th information frame are determined based on the first X3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, and where the last Z3 bits of the 11th information frame are obtained based on the seventh training information frame and the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, where X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, and X3+Z3=Y3.

[0155] 502: The slave node receives an 11th information frame from the master node and synchronizes with the master node based on the first X3 bit of the 11th information frame, where the first X3 bit of the 11th information frame is the same as the first X3 bit of the seventh synchronization information.

[0156] 503: The slave node obtains the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, and obtains a seventh training information frame based on the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information and the last Z3 bits of the 11th information frame, where the length of the 11th information frame and the seventh synchronization information is the same and is Y3 bits, where X3, Y3 and Z3 are positive integers, and X3+Z3=Y3.

[0157] 504: The slave node sends a 12th information frame to the master node, where the 12th information frame is used to indicate the 8th synchronization information and the 8th training information frame, where the lengths of the 8th synchronization information and the 12th information frame are the same and equal to Y4 bits, where the length of the 8th training information frame is Z4 bits, where the first X4 bits of the 12th information frame are determined based on the first X4 bits of the 8th synchronization information, and where the last Z4 bits of the 12th information frame are obtained based on the 8th training information frame and the last Z4 bits of the 8th synchronization information, where X4, Y4, and Z4 are positive integers, and X4+Z4=Y4.

[0158] 505: The slave node trains the link between the slave node and the master node based on the seventh synchronization information and the seventh training information frame.

[0159] 506: The master node receives a 12th information frame from the slave node and performs synchronization with the slave node based on the first X4 bit of the 12th information frame, where the first X4 bit of the 12th information frame is the same as the first X4 bit of the eighth synchronization information.

[0160] 507: The master node obtains the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, and obtains the eighth training information frame based on the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information and the last Z4 bits of the 12th information frame, where the lengths of the 12th information frame and the eighth synchronization information are the same and are Y4 bits, where X4, Y4 and Z4 are positive integers, and X4+Z4=Y4.

[0161] 508: The master node trains the link between the master node and the slave node based on the eighth synchronization information and the eighth training information frame.

[0162] The master node sends an 11th information frame to the slave node. The 11th information frame is used to indicate the seventh synchronization information and the seventh training information frame, the first X3 bits of the seventh synchronization information are directly added to the 11th information frame, and the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information and the Z3 bits of the seventh training information frame are combined to obtain the last Z3 bits of the 11th information frame, and the total length of the 11th information frame is Y3=X3+Z3, that is, the information in the 11th information frame only includes the seventh synchronization information and the indicated seventh training information frame, and does not include any other additional partition information or block information. The slave node may complete synchronization with the master node based on the first X3 bits of the 11th information frame, i.e., the first X3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, further obtain the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information according to a local scrambler generation rule (alternatively, the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information may be a known fixed sequence), and finally obtain the seventh training information frame by demodulating the last Z3 bits of the seventh information frame based on the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information. Furthermore, link training with the slave node is performed based on the seventh synchronization information and the seventh training information frame.

[0163] Similarly, the 12th information frame transmitted by the slave node to the master node is used to indicate both the eighth synchronization information and the eighth training information frame. The first X4 bits of the eighth synchronization information are directly added to the 12th information frame. The last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information and the Z4 bits of the eighth training information frame are combined to obtain the last Z4 bits of the 12th information frame. The total length of the 12th information frame is Y4 = X4 + Z4. That is, the information in the 12th information frame only includes the eighth synchronization information and the indicated eighth training information frame, and does not include any additional partition information or block information. After receiving the 12th information frame, the master node similarly synchronizes with the slave node and obtains the eighth training information frame through demodulation. Furthermore, link training with the slave node is performed based on the eighth synchronization information and the eighth training information frame.

[0164] It can be seen that in this embodiment of this application, the information frame includes synchronization information and a bit indicating a training information frame, and does not include additional partition information or block information bits. In this way, when synchronization is performed, the register can directly complete synchronization based on the synchronization information. This avoids the problem that synchronization cannot be performed because the additional bits cannot be identified, and improves the efficiency and reliability of node synchronization.

[0165] The parameter settings when the eleventh and twelfth information frames are transmitted are determined based on whether the two frames are forward or reverse information frames. For specific processes, refer to the parameter settings and the corresponding information frame descriptions in Table 3 or Table 4. Correspondingly, the seventh and eighth training information frames in the eleventh and twelfth information frames may be forward or reverse training information frames. For information carried therein, refer to the corresponding descriptions in Figures 3A to 3I or 4A and 4B. Furthermore, when the last eleventh and twelfth information frames are transmitted, an end indicator may also be carried. For setting the length of the end indicator, refer to the specific descriptions of the embodiments corresponding to Figures 3A to 3I. Details will not be described again here. Optionally, for processes such as setting the length relationship between the 11th information frame and the 7th training information frame and the 7th synchronization information indicated in the 11th information frame, the length relationship between the 12th information frame and the 8th training information frame and the 8th synchronization information indicated in the 12th information frame, and the length of the training verification frame after the 11th training frame and the 12th training frame, please refer to the specific descriptions in Figures 3A to 3I. Details will not be described again here.

[0166] 6 illustrates a communication device 600 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 600 may be configured to perform the communication link initialization method applied to the master node in FIGS. 3A-3I and in specific embodiments. The communication device includes a receiving module 601, a processing module 602, and a transmitting module 603.

[0167] The transmitting module 603 is configured to transmit a first information frame to the slave node, where the first information frame includes first synchronization information.

[0168] The receiving module 601 is configured to receive a second information frame from the slave node, where the second information frame includes second synchronization information.

[0169] The processing module 602 is configured to perform synchronization with the slave node based on the second synchronization information.

[0170] The transmitting module 603 is further configured to transmit a third information frame to the slave node, where the third information frame is used to indicate the first training information frame.

[0171] The receiving module 601 is further configured to receive a fourth information frame from the slave node, where the fourth information frame is used to indicate a second training information frame.

[0172] The processing module 602 is further configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the fourth information frame.

[0173] Optionally, the third information frame is further used to indicate third synchronization information, wherein the lengths of the third information frame and the third synchronization information are the same and equal to Y1 bits, the length of the first training information frame is Z1 bits, the first X1 bits of the third information frame are determined based on the first X1 bits of the third synchronization information, and the last Z1 bits of the third information frame are obtained based on the first training information frame and the last Z1 bits of the third synchronization information, where X1, Y1, and Z1 are positive integers, and X1+Z1=Y1.

[0174] Optionally, the first training information frame is a forward training information frame and the second training information frame is a reverse training information frame, or the first training information frame is a reverse training information frame and the second training information frame is a forward training information frame.

[0175] Optionally, the reverse training information frame includes the following information: a remaining reverse training information frame count, which is used to indicate the number of remaining reverse training information frames to be transmitted; A reverse training information frame type, which is used to identify the type of reverse training information frame; a pre-emphasis gear used to configure a pre-emphasis level of a second end, the second end being a node transmitting a forward training information frame; A swing gear used to configure the second end transmission swing, an MEP version number used to indicate the Media Encapsulation Protocol MEP version number supported by the first end, the first end being the node transmitting the reverse direction training information frame; a maximum retransmission number used to configure the maximum number of retransmissions of information transmission at the second end; a transparent transmission mode indication used to indicate to the first end whether to enable the transparent transmission mode; a CRC code block active time used to identify the active time of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code block correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the first end transmitting the reverse training information frame; a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, which is used to configure the bandwidth ratio occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the second end; A training verification function instruction is used to indicate that the first end can jump from a training state to a training verification state, where the training state is a state in which the master node and the slave node perform link training, and the training verification state is a state in which the master node and the slave node verify the results of the link training. A CRC code block size used to identify the size of the CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process at the first end; and A terminator used to identify the end of a reverse training information frame. Contains one or more of the following.

[0176] Optionally, the forward training information frame includes the following information: a remaining forward training information frame count used to identify the number of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted; A forward training information frame number, which is used to identify the number of the forward training information frame; A forward training information frame type, which is used to identify the type of forward training information frame; a pre-emphasis gear enable indication used to identify the pre-emphasis gear to be used by the second end; A swing gear used to configure the transmission swing of the first end, a MEP version number used to indicate the MEP version number supported by the second end; a maximum retransmission number used to configure the maximum retransmission number of the information transmission of the first end; a transparent transmission mode indication used to indicate to the second end whether to enable the transparent transmission mode; the active time of the CRC code block used to identify the active time of the CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process at the second end; a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, which is used to configure the bandwidth ratio occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the first end; a training verification function indication used to indicate whether the second end should jump from the training state to the training verification state; a CRC code block size used to identify the size of the CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process at the second end; and A terminator used to identify the end of a forward training information frame. Contains one or more of the following.

[0177] Optionally, the transmitting module 603 is further configured to transmit a fifth information frame to the slave node indicating a first count of remaining training information frames, and the receiving module 601 is further configured to receive a sixth information frame from the slave node indicating a second count of remaining training information frames.

[0178] Optionally, when the count of the countdown information frame is a first preset value, the transmitting module 603 is further configured to transmit a seventh information frame to the slave node. The seventh information frame includes a first end identifier used to define a boundary at which the master node jumps to the training verification state. The receiving module 601 is further configured to receive an eighth information frame carrying a second end identifier.

[0179] Alternatively, the communication device 600 may be configured to perform the communication link initialization method applied to the master node in FIGS. 4A and 4B and in certain embodiments.

[0180] The transmitting module 603 is configured to transmit the ninth information frame to the slave node. The ninth information frame is used to indicate the fifth synchronization information and the fifth training information frame, and the fifth training information frame is a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame. The reverse training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, information on the reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The forward training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame number, a forward training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, information on the reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator.

[0181] The receiving module 601 is configured to receive a tenth information frame from a slave node. The tenth information frame is used to indicate a sixth synchronization information frame and a sixth training information frame, and the sixth training information frame is a reverse training information frame or a forward training information frame.

[0182] The processing module 602 is configured to perform synchronization with the slave node based on the sixth synchronization information.

[0183] The processing module 602 is further configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the tenth information frame.

[0184] Alternatively, the communication device 600 may be further configured to perform the communication link initialization method applied to the master node in FIGS. 5A and 5B and in certain embodiments.

[0185] The transmitting module 603 is configured to transmit an eleventh information frame to the slave node. The eleventh information frame is used to indicate seventh synchronization information and seventh training information frames, the lengths of the seventh synchronization information and the eleventh information frame are the same and equal to Y3 bits, the length of the seventh training information frame is Z3 bits, the first X3 bits of the eleventh information frame are determined according to the first X3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, and the last Z3 bits of the eleventh information frame are obtained according to the seventh training information frame and the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, where X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, and X3+Z3=Y3.

[0186] The receiving module 601 is configured to receive a 12th information frame from the slave node and perform synchronization with the slave node based on the first X4 bit of the 12th information frame, where the first X4 bit of the 12th information frame is the same as the first X4 bit of the eighth synchronization information.

[0187] The processing module 602 is configured to obtain the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, and obtain an eighth training information frame based on the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information and the last Z4 bits of the 12th information frame, where the lengths of the 12th information frame and the eighth synchronization information are the same and are Y4 bits, where X4, Y4 and Z4 are positive integers, and X4+Z4=Y4.

[0188] The processing module 602 is further configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the eighth synchronization information and the eighth training information frame.

[0189] Optionally, the processing module 602 may be a chip, an encoder, a coding circuit, or other integrated circuit capable of implementing the methods in this application.

[0190] Optionally, the receiving module 601 and the transmitting module 603 may be interface circuits or transceivers. The receiving module 601 and the transmitting module 603 may be separate modules or may be integrated into a transceiver module (not shown in the drawings). The transceiver module may perform the functions of the receiving module 601 and the transmitting module 603 and may be an interface circuit or a transceiver.

[0191] The specific method and embodiment have been described above, and the apparatus 600 is configured to perform the communication link initialization method corresponding to the master node, so for the functions specifically described in relation to the method, please refer to the relevant parts in the corresponding embodiment, and the details will not be described again here.

[0192] Optionally, the apparatus 600 may further include a storage module (not shown in the drawings). The storage module may be configured to store data and / or signaling. The storage module may be coupled to the processing module 602, or may be coupled to the receiving module 601 and the transmitting module 603. For example, the processing module 602 may be configured to read the data and / or signaling in the storage module, thereby causing the communication link initialization method in the above method embodiment to be performed.

[0193] 7 illustrates another communication device 700 according to an embodiment of the present application. The communication device 700 may be configured to perform the communication link initialization method applied to the slave node in FIGS. 3A-3I and specific embodiments. The communication device 700 includes a receiving module 701, a processing module 702, and a transmitting module 703.

[0194] The receiving module 701 is configured to receive a first information frame from a master node, where the first information frame includes first synchronization information.

[0195] The processing module 702 is configured to perform synchronization with the master node based on the first synchronization information.

[0196] The transmitting module 703 is configured to transmit a second information frame to the master node, where the second information frame includes second synchronization information.

[0197] The receiving module 701 is further configured to receive a third information frame from the master node, where the third information frame is used to indicate the first training information frame.

[0198] The transmitting module 703 is further configured to transmit a fourth information frame to the master node, where the fourth information frame is used to indicate the second training information frame.

[0199] The processing module 702 is further configured to train a link between the master node and the slave node based on the third information frame.

[0200] Optionally, the receiving module 701 is further configured to receive a fifth information frame indicating a first count of remaining training information frames.

[0201] The transmitting module is further configured to transmit a sixth information frame to the master node indicating a second count of remaining training information frames.

[0202] Optionally, the receiving module 701 is further configured to receive, from the master node, a seventh information frame indicating the first end identifier.

[0203] The transmitting module is further configured to transmit an eighth information frame indicating the second end identifier to the master node.

[0204] Optionally, the processing module 702 is further configured to generate the fourth information frame, specifically including:

[0205] The processing module 702 determines the length of the fourth information frame based on the length of the third information frame. When the first training information frame is a reverse training information frame and the second training information frame is a forward training information frame, the length of the third information frame is an integer multiple of the length of the fourth information frame, or when the first training information frame is a forward training information frame and the second training information frame is a reverse training information frame, the length of the fourth information frame is an integer multiple of the length of the third information frame. The length is a time length or a bit length.

[0206] The processing module 702 generates the fourth frame of information based on the length of the fourth frame of information.

[0207] Alternatively, the communication device 700 may be further configured to perform the communication link initialization method applied to the slave nodes in FIGS. 4A and 4B and in certain embodiments.

[0208] The receiving module 701 is configured to receive a ninth information frame from the master node. The ninth information frame is used to indicate the fifth synchronization information and the fifth training information frame, and the fifth training information frame is a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame. The reverse training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, information on the reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator. The forward training information frame includes one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame number, a forward training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, a swing gear, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, information on the reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator.

[0209] The processing module 702 is configured to perform synchronization with the master node based on the fifth synchronization information.

[0210] The transmitting module 703 is configured to transmit a tenth information frame to the master node, where the tenth information frame is used to indicate sixth synchronization information and sixth training information frame, and the sixth training information frame is reverse training information or forward training information.

[0211] The processing module 702 is configured to train the link between the master node and the slave node based on the ninth information frame.

[0212] Alternatively, the communication device 700 may be further configured to perform the communication link initialization method applied to the slave nodes in FIGS. 4A and 4B and in certain embodiments.

[0213] The receiving module 701 is configured to receive an eleventh information frame from the master node and perform synchronization with the slave node based on the first X3 bit of the eleventh information frame, where the first X3 bit of the eleventh information frame is the same as the first X3 bit of the seventh synchronization information.

[0214] The processing module 702 is configured to obtain the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information, and obtain a seventh training information frame based on the last Z3 bits of the seventh synchronization information and the last Z3 bits of the 11th information frame, where the length of the 11th information frame and the seventh synchronization information is the same and is Y3 bits, where X3, Y3 and Z3 are positive integers, and X3+Z3=Y3.

[0215] The transmitting module 703 is configured to transmit a twelfth information frame to the master node. The twelfth information frame is used to indicate eighth synchronization information and eighth training information frames, the lengths of the eighth synchronization information and the twelfth information frame are the same and equal to Y4 bits, the length of the eighth training information frame is Z4 bits, the first X4 bits of the twelfth information frame are determined according to the first X4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, and the last Z4 bits of the twelfth information frame are obtained according to the eighth training information frame and the last Z4 bits of the eighth synchronization information, where X4, Y4, and Z4 are positive integers, and X4+Z4=Y4.

[0216] The processing module 702 is further configured to train a link between the slave node and the master node based on the seventh synchronization information and the seventh training information frame.

[0217] Optionally, the processing module 702 may be a chip, an encoder, a coding circuit, or other integrated circuit capable of implementing the methods in this application.

[0218] Optionally, the receiving module 701 and the transmitting module 703 may be interface circuits or transceivers. The receiving module 701 and the transmitting module 703 may be separate modules or may be integrated into a transceiver module (not shown in the drawings). The transceiver module may perform the functions of the receiving module 701 and the transmitting module 703 and may be an interface circuit or a transceiver.

[0219] Specific methods and embodiments have been described above, and the apparatus 700 is configured to perform a corresponding communication link initialization method for a network device, so for specific descriptions related to the method, please refer to the relevant parts in the corresponding embodiments, and the details will not be described again here.

[0220] Optionally, the apparatus 700 may further include a storage module (not shown in the drawings). The storage module may be configured to store data and / or signaling. The storage module may be coupled to the processing module 702, or may be coupled to the receiving module 701 and the transmitting module 703. For example, the processing module 702 may be configured to read the data and / or signaling in the storage module, thereby causing the communication link initialization method in the above method embodiment to be performed.

[0221] 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The structures of the master node and the slave node refer to the structure shown in FIG. 8. The communication device 900 includes a processor 111 and a transceiver 112. The processor 111 and the transceiver 112 are electrically coupled.

[0222] The processor 111 is configured to execute some or all of the computer program instructions in the memory, which, when executed, enable the device to perform the method in any one of the above embodiments.

[0223] The transceiver 112 is configured to communicate with other devices.

[0224] Optionally, a memory 113 is further included and configured to store computer program instructions. Optionally, memory 113 (memory #1) is located within the device, memory 113 (memory #2) is integrated with processor 111, or memory 113 (memory #3) is located external to the device.

[0225] It should be understood that the communication device 900 shown in Figure 8 may be a chip or a circuit, for example, a chip or a circuit that may be located in a terminal device or a communication device. Alternatively, the transceiver 112 may be a communication interface. The transceiver includes a receiver and a transmitter. Furthermore, the communication device 900 may further include a bus system.

[0226] The processor 111, memory 113, and transceiver 112 are connected through a bus system. The processor 111 is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory 113, control the transceiver to receive and transmit signals, and complete steps performed by the first device or the second device in the methods implemented in this application. The memory 113 may be integrated with the processor 111 or may be located separately from the processor 111.

[0227] In an implementation, the functionality of the transceiver 112 may be considered to be implemented through transceiver circuitry or a dedicated transceiver chip. The processor 111 may be considered to be implemented through a dedicated processing chip, processing circuitry, processor, or general-purpose chip. The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), or a combination of a CPU and an NP. The processor may also include a hardware chip or other general-purpose processor. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.

[0228] It may be further understood that the memory referred to in this embodiment of this application may be volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include volatile memory and nonvolatile memory. Nonvolatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM), used as an external cache. Many forms of RAM are available, such as, but not limited to, static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchlink dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus random access memory (DR RAM). It should be noted that memory as described in this application is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0229] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which is used to execute the method applied to the master node in the above embodiment.

[0230] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which is used to execute the method applied to the slave node in the above embodiment.

[0231] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product including instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the method applied to the master node in the above embodiment.

[0232] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product including instructions, which, when executed on a computer, enable the computer to perform the method applied to the slave node in the above embodiment.

[0233] It should be understood that the sequence numbers of the above processes do not mean the execution order in the embodiment of this application. The execution order of the processes should be determined based on the functions and internal logic of the processes, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of this application.

[0234] Those skilled in the art may recognize that, in combination with the examples described in the embodiments disclosed in this specification, the units and algorithm steps may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether a function is performed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but the implementation method should not be considered to go beyond the scope of this application.

[0235] For the purpose of convenient and concise description, the detailed operation processes of the above systems, devices and units may be clearly understood by those skilled in the art by referring to the corresponding processes in the above method embodiments, and the details will not be described again here.

[0236] In some embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the above-described device embodiments are merely examples. For example, the division into units is merely a logical division of function. In actual implementation, other division methods may exist. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into other systems, or some functions may be omitted or not performed. Furthermore, the shown or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. Indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be implemented in electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0237] Units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separated, and parts shown as units may or may not be physical units, in other words, may be located in one place or may be distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.

[0238] Furthermore, the functional units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0239] When a function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, the function may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the technical solution of this application may be implemented in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes some instructions for instructing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of this application. The above storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0240] The above description is merely a specific implementation of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications or replacements that are easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. 1. A method for initializing a communication link, comprising: a step of transmitting, by a master node, a ninth information frame to a slave node, the ninth information frame being used to indicate fifth synchronization information and a fifth training information frame, the fifth training information frame being a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame, the reverse training information frame including one or more of the following information: a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, and a swing gear, and the forward training information frame including one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame type, and a swing gear.

2. receiving, by the master node, a tenth information frame from the slave node, the tenth information frame being used to indicate sixth synchronization information and a sixth training information frame, the sixth training information frame being the reverse training information frame or the forward training information frame; performing synchronization with the slave node based on the sixth synchronization information by the master node; training, by the master node, a link between the master node and the slave node based on the tenth information frame; The method of claim 1 further comprising:

3. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the reverse training information frame further comprises one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a Media Encapsulation Protocol (MEP) version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code block, information about reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator.

4. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forward training information frame further includes one or more of the following information: a forward training information frame number, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator.

5. the fifth training information frame is the forward training information frame and the sixth training information frame is the reverse training information frame; or 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the fifth training information frame is the reverse training information frame and the sixth training information frame is the forward training information frame.

6. the reverse training information frame type is used to identify the type of the reverse training information frame; The pre-emphasis gear is used to configure a pre-emphasis level of a second end, the second end being a node that transmits the forward training information frame; The method of claim 1 , wherein the swing gear in the reverse direction training information frame is used to configure a transmission swing of the second end.

7. the remaining forward training information frame count is used to identify the number of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted; the forward training information frame type is used to identify the type of the forward training information frame; 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the swing gear in the forward training information frame is used to configure a transmission swing of a first end, the first end being a node that transmits the reverse training information frame.

8. the remaining reverse training information frame count is used to indicate the number of remaining reverse training information frames to be transmitted; The MEP version number in the reverse direction training information frame is used to indicate a MEP version number supported by a first end, the first end being a node transmitting the reverse direction training information frame; The maximum number of retransmissions in the reverse training information frame is used to configure a maximum number of retransmissions of information transmission at the second end; The transparent transmission mode indication in the reverse direction training information frame is used to instruct the first end whether to enable a transparent transmission mode; and The active time of the CRC code block in the reverse training information frame is used to identify the active time of a corresponding transmitted CRC code block in an information transmission process of the first end that transmits the reverse training information frame; The reserved bandwidth for control information transmission in the reverse training information frame is used to configure a bandwidth ratio occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the second end; the training verification capability indication in the reverse direction training information frame is used to indicate that the first end can jump from a training state to a training verification state, the training state being a state in which the master node and the slave node perform link training, and the training verification state being a state in which the master node and the slave node verify the result of the link training; The CRC code block size in the reverse training information frame is used to identify the size of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the first end; 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the terminator in the reverse training information frame is used to identify the end of the reverse training information frame.

9. the forward training information frame number is used to identify the number of the forward training information frame; the pre-emphasis gear enable indication is used to identify a pre-emphasis gear to be used by the second end; The MEP version number in the forward training information frame is used to indicate an MEP version number supported by the second end; The maximum number of retransmissions in the forward training information frame is used to configure a maximum number of retransmissions of information transmission at the first end; the transparent transmission mode indication in the forward training information frame is used to instruct the second end whether to enable a transparent transmission mode; The active time of the CRC code block is used to identify the active time of a corresponding CRC code block to be transmitted in the information transmission process of the second end; The reserved bandwidth for control information transmission in the forward training information frame is used to configure a bandwidth ratio occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the first end; The training verification function indication in the forward training information frame is used to indicate whether the second end jumps from a training state to a training verification state; The CRC code block size in the forward training information frame is used to identify the size of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process at the second end; 9. The method of claim 4, wherein the terminator in the forward training information frame is used to identify the end of the forward training information frame.

10. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fifth synchronization information and / or the sixth synchronization information includes a scrambling code, and the fifth synchronization information and / or the sixth synchronization information is used for scrambling code synchronization.

11. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lengths of the fifth synchronization information and the ninth information frame are the same and equal to Y3 bits, the length of the fifth training information frame is Z3 bits, the first X3 bits of the ninth information frame are determined based on the first X3 bits of the fifth synchronization information, and the last Z3 bits of the ninth information frame are obtained based on the fifth training information frame and the last Z3 bits of the fifth synchronization information, where X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, and X3+Z3=Y3.

12. The step of performing synchronization with the slave node based on the sixth synchronization information by the master node includes:

12. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: a step of performing synchronization with the slave node by the master node based on a first X4 bit of the tenth information frame, the first X4 bit of the tenth information frame being the same as a first X4 bit of the sixth synchronization information.

13. 13. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of: obtaining, by the master node, the last Z4 bit of the sixth synchronization information; and obtaining the sixth training information frame based on the last Z4 bit of the sixth synchronization information and the last Z4 bit of the tenth information frame, wherein the tenth information frame and the sixth synchronization information have the same length and are Y4 bits, X, Y, and Z are positive integers, and X+Z=Y.

14. training, by the master node, a link between the master node and the slave node based on the tenth information frame; 14. The method of claim 2, further comprising: training, by the master node, the link between the master node and the slave node based on the sixth synchronization information and the sixth training information frame.

15. 1. A method for initializing a communication link, comprising: receiving, by the slave node, a ninth information frame from the master node, the ninth information frame being used to indicate fifth synchronization information and a fifth training information frame, the fifth training information frame being a forward training information frame or a reverse training information frame, the reverse training information frame including one or more of the following information: a reverse training information frame type, a pre-emphasis gear, and a swing gear, and the forward training information frame including one or more of the following information: a count of remaining forward training information frames, a forward training information frame type, and a swing gear; performing synchronization with the master node by the slave node based on the fifth synchronization information; A method comprising:

16. transmitting a tenth information frame by the slave node to the master node, the tenth information frame being used to indicate sixth synchronization information and a sixth training information frame, the sixth training information frame being the reverse training information frame or the forward training information frame; training, by the slave node, a link between the master node and the slave node based on the ninth information frame; 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

17. 17. The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the reverse training information frame further comprises one or more of the following information: a count of remaining reverse training information frames, a Media Encapsulation Protocol (MEP) version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code block, information about reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator.

18. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the forward training information frame further includes one or more of the following information: a forward training information frame number, a pre-emphasis gear enable indication, an MEP version number, a maximum number of retransmissions, a transparent transmission mode indication, an active time of a CRC code block, a reserved bandwidth for control information transmission, a training verification function indication, a CRC code block size, and a terminator.

19. the fifth training information frame is the forward training information frame and the sixth training information frame is the reverse training information frame; or 19. The method of claim 16, wherein the fifth training information frame is the reverse training information frame and the sixth training information frame is the forward training information frame.

20. the reverse training information frame type is used to identify the type of the reverse training information frame; The pre-emphasis gear is used to configure a pre-emphasis level of a second end, the second end being a node that transmits the forward training information frame; 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the swing gear in the reverse direction training information frame is used to configure a transmission swing of the second end.

21. the remaining forward training information frame count is used to identify the number of remaining forward training information frames to be transmitted; the forward training information frame type is used to identify the type of the forward training information frame; 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the swing gear in the forward training information frame is used to configure a transmission swing of a first end, the first end being a node that transmits the reverse training information frame.

22. the remaining reverse training information frame count is used to indicate the number of remaining reverse training information frames to be transmitted; The MEP version number in the reverse direction training information frame is used to indicate a MEP version number supported by a first end, the first end being a node transmitting the reverse direction training information frame; The maximum number of retransmissions in the reverse training information frame is used to configure a maximum number of retransmissions of information transmission at the second end; The transparent transmission mode indication in the reverse direction training information frame is used to instruct the first end whether to enable a transparent transmission mode; and The active time of the CRC code block in the reverse training information frame is used to identify the active time of a corresponding transmitted CRC code block in an information transmission process of the first end that transmits the reverse training information frame; The reserved bandwidth for control information transmission in the reverse training information frame is used to configure a bandwidth ratio occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the second end; the training verification capability indication in the reverse direction training information frame is used to indicate that the first end can jump from a training state to a training verification state, the training state being a state in which the master node and the slave node perform link training, and the training verification state being a state in which the master node and the slave node verify the result of the link training; The CRC code block size in the reverse training information frame is used to identify the size of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the first end; 22. The method of any one of claims 17 to 21, wherein the terminator in the reverse training information frame is used to identify the end of the reverse training information frame.

23. the forward training information frame number is used to identify the number of the forward training information frame; the pre-emphasis gear enable indication is used to identify a pre-emphasis gear to be used by the second end; The MEP version number in the forward training information frame is used to indicate an MEP version number supported by the second end; The maximum number of retransmissions in the forward training information frame is used to configure a maximum number of retransmissions of information transmission at the first end; the transparent transmission mode indication in the forward training information frame is used to instruct the second end whether to enable a transparent transmission mode; The active time of the CRC code block is used to identify the active time of a corresponding CRC code block to be transmitted in the information transmission process of the second end; The reserved bandwidth for control information transmission in the forward training information frame is used to configure a bandwidth ratio occupied by control information transmission in the information transmission process of the first end; The training verification function indication in the forward training information frame is used to indicate whether the second end jumps from a training state to a training verification state; The CRC code block size in the forward training information frame is used to identify the size of a CRC code block to be correspondingly transmitted in the information transmission process of the second end; 23. The method of any one of claims 18 to 22, wherein the terminator in the forward training information frame is used to identify the end of the forward training information frame.

24. 24. The method according to claim 15, wherein the fifth synchronization information and / or the sixth synchronization information includes a scrambling code, and the fifth synchronization information and / or the sixth synchronization information is used for scrambling code synchronization.

25. 25. The method according to claim 15, wherein the lengths of the fifth synchronization information and the ninth information frame are the same and equal to Y3 bits, the length of the fifth training information frame is Z3 bits, the first X3 bits of the ninth information frame are determined based on the first X3 bits of the fifth synchronization information, and the last Z3 bits of the ninth information frame are obtained based on the fifth training information frame and the last Z3 bits of the fifth synchronization information, where X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, and X3+Z3=Y3.

26. The step of performing synchronization with the master node by the slave node based on the fifth synchronization information includes:

26. The method of claim 16, further comprising: performing synchronization with the master node based on the first X3 bit of the ninth information frame, wherein the first X3 bit of the ninth information frame is the same as the first X3 bit of the fifth synchronization information.

27. 27. The method of claim 16, further comprising the steps of: obtaining the last Z3 bits of the fifth synchronization information; and obtaining the fifth training information frame based on the last Z3 bits of the fifth synchronization information and the last Z3 bits of the ninth information frame, wherein the lengths of the ninth information frame and the fifth synchronization information are the same and are Y3 bits, X3, Y3, and Z3 are positive integers, and X3+Z3=Y3.

28. training, by the master node, a link between the master node and the slave node based on the ninth information frame; 27. The method of claim 16, further comprising training, by the master node, the link between the slave node and the master node based on the fifth synchronization information and the fifth training information frame.

29. A communication device, 29. The communications device comprises a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit being configured to receive code instructions and transmit the code instructions to the processor, the processor being configured to execute the code instructions to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, or to execute the code instructions to perform a method according to any one of claims 15 to 28.

30. 1. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising:

28. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed on a communications device, enable the communications device to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, or enable the communications device to perform a method according to any one of claims 15 to 28.

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