Escape ladder for shelter

Abstract

To provide an evacuation ladder for a shelter capable of quickly evacuating when evacuating to the shelter and having excellent space utilization efficiency.SOLUTION: An evacuation ladder 1 is installed on an indoor 100a of a shelter 100, and has a link member 10, a support part 20, and a ladder member 30. When the door 150 closes the opening 140, the entire evacuation ladder 1 is close to the ceiling 130. When the door body 150 is rotated to open the opening part 140, the escape ladder 1 is rotated in the opposite direction to the rotation of the door body 150, and the tip 31 of the ladder member 30 approaches the floor 110. That is, at the same time when the door 150 opens the opening 140, the evacuation ladder 1 is ready for evacuation to the indoor 100a.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an escape ladder for a shelter that rotates in the opposite direction to the single-wing door body in synchronization with the rotation of the door body. [Background technology]

[0002] In the Great East Japan Earthquake, a massive tsunami claimed many lives. To protect oneself from such a massive tsunami, one effective disaster prevention measure is to quickly evacuate to higher ground before the tsunami strikes. However, if a triple earthquake occurs in the Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai regions, it is predicted that there will be areas where a 30-meter-high tsunami will strike just five minutes after the earthquake. Evacuating to higher ground in such a short time is extremely difficult for young children, the elderly, and people with disabilities. Even if people were to evacuate to an evacuation building, climbing the high stairs would be difficult.

[0003] As a countermeasure when a tsunami or tsunami fire is predicted, it is possible to consider evacuating to an underground or semi-underground shelter set up close to one's home, such as in one's own garden. By quickly evacuating to an underground or semi-underground shelter when an earthquake occurs and escaping after the tsunami has passed, people can be protected from tsunami disasters. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-98297 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, doors for underground and semi-underground shelters must be robust, as they must be able to withstand the force of tsunami waves and the impact of drifting debris. This means that opening and closing the doors requires a great deal of effort. Evacuation through the openings also requires the use of ladders or stairs. For example, when using a ladder, it is necessary to quickly set it up at the opening. Furthermore, providing stairs reduces the efficiency of space utilization.

[0006] The present invention has been made in light of these problems, and aims to provide an evacuation ladder for a shelter that allows quick evacuation to a shelter and has excellent space utilization efficiency. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The invention to solve the above problem is an evacuation ladder for a shelter to be installed in a shelter, the shelter having a floor, side walls, a ceiling, and a single-wing door body that opens and closes an opening in the ceiling, and comprising a link member rotatably connected to the door body, a support part that slidably supports the link member, and a ladder member rotatably connected to the support part, the link member having a sliding part for sliding the ladder member in the direction in which the link member extends, and when the door body is rotated in the direction to open the opening, the ladder member rotates in the opposite direction to the door body, and the tip of the ladder member is close to the floor.

[0008] With this configuration, when the door body is rotated in the direction to open the opening, the ladder member rotates in the opposite direction to the door body, and the tip of the ladder member approaches the floor, so that when the door body is rotated to open the opening, the shelter evacuation ladder can be automatically set up in a position where evacuees can evacuate. At this time, the tip of the ladder member is away from the floor, i.e., it becomes a free end, but the ladder member is supported by the support member and is slidably supported by the slide member, and because it is supported at at least two points, wobble of the tip is suppressed.

[0009] Preferably, when the door body closes the opening, the ladder member is entirely adjacent to the ceiling.

[0010] With this configuration, when the door body closes the opening, the entire ladder member is close to the ceiling, thereby increasing the space utilization efficiency within the shelter room when the door body closes the opening, i.e., when evacuees have evacuated into the shelter room.

[0011] Preferably, the support section includes a pair of support beams fixed to the ceiling and spanning the opening, and a support member spanning between the pair of support beams.

[0012] According to this configuration, the support section has a pair of support beams that are fixed to the ceiling and span the opening, and a support member that spans between the pair of support beams, so that the support member can be firmly fixed to the ceiling via the support beams without hindering the space utilization efficiency within the shelter room.

[0013] Preferably, the link member is provided with a slide hole extending in the direction in which the link member extends, and the support member supports the link member while passing through the slide hole.

[0014] According to this configuration, the support member supports the link member while passing through the slide hole, so that the link member can be stably supported by the support member.

[0015] Preferably, the ladder member is characterized in that it is pivotally connected to the support member.

[0016] According to this configuration, the ladder member is rotatably connected to the support member, so that the ladder member can be smoothly rotated under certain conditions.

[0017] Preferably, the door pivot axis of the door body, the link pivot axis of the link member, and the ladder pivot axis of the ladder member are set parallel to each other.

[0018] With this configuration, the door rotation axis of the door body, the link rotation axis of the link member, and the ladder rotation axis of the ladder member are set parallel to each other, so that the ladder member rotates in the opposite direction to the door body in synchronization with the rotation of the door body. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] (a) is a side view of the inside of the shelter room with the door body opening, and (b) is a front view of the same. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of an evacuation ladder for a shelter. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrow AA in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] (a) and (b) are side cross-sectional views illustrating the opening and closing of the door body and the state of the packing. The locking mechanism is omitted. [Figure 5] 1A is a side cross-sectional view illustrating the installation state of the locking mechanism, and FIG. 1B is a front cross-sectional view of the same. [Figure 6] 5(a) to 5(c) are cross-sectional views illustrating the operation of the locking mechanism. [Figure 7] 1(a) to 1(d) are schematic side views illustrating the rotational state of the shelter evacuation ladder, with the power cylinder omitted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] Hereinafter, an embodiment of an escape ladder for a shelter 1 (hereinafter referred to as escape ladder 1) of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Figs.

[0021] As shown in Figures 1(a) and (b), the escape ladder 1 is installed in the room 100a of the shelter 100, and has a link member 10, a support part 20, and a ladder member 30. When the door body 150 blocks the opening 140, the entire escape ladder 1 is in a state close to the ceiling 130 (see Figure 7(a)). Furthermore, when the door body 150 is rotated to open the opening 140, the escape ladder 1 rotates in the opposite direction to the rotation of the door body 150, and the tip 31 of the ladder member 30 is in a state close to the floor 110 (see Figures 7(b) to (d)). In other words, as soon as the door body 150 opens the opening 140, it becomes possible to evacuate to the room 100a using the escape ladder 1.

[0022] The shelter 100 is a roughly rectangular parallelepiped enclosure having a floor 110, side walls 120, and a ceiling 130, and is a so-called underground shelter, with almost all of its parts buried underground. The shelter type is not limited to this, and it may also be a semi-underground shelter, with roughly half of the shelter buried underground.

[0023] The floor 110, side walls 120, and ceiling 130 are made of reinforced concrete, and in this embodiment, the structural thickness is exemplified as 30 cm. The thickness of the floor 110, side walls 120, and ceiling 130 is preferably at least 20 cm or more, and more preferably 50 cm or more. The structural thickness may be determined appropriately taking into consideration the radiation shielding performance considered necessary for safe evacuation in the event of a nuclear or tsunami disaster, and the external forces applied to the shelter 100.

[0024] An opening 140 is provided in the ceiling 130, and the opening 140 is opened and closed by pivoting a single-wing door 150. The size of the opening 140 is preferably set to a size that allows evacuation into the room 100a using the evacuation ladder 1. In FIG. 1(a), people evacuating using the evacuation ladder 1 evacuate facing forward. It is preferable that the width of the opening 140 in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 be at least wide enough to allow evacuees to evacuate easily.

[0025] The door body 150 is of a single-wing type, and an end portion thereof is rotatably connected to the ceiling 130 via a door hinge 151. A piston portion 41 of a power cylinder 40 is rotatably connected to a lower surface 150L of the door body 150. A main body portion of the power cylinder 40 is rotatably connected to the side wall 120. By operating the power cylinder 40 to extend the piston portion 41, the door body 150 rotates around the door hinge 151 in the direction from the floor 110 to the ceiling 130. By contracting the piston portion 41, the door body 150 rotates around the door hinge 151 in the direction from the ceiling 130 to the floor 110. A door rotation axis R1 of the door body 150 is a central axis when the door body 150 rotates, and in this embodiment, the door rotation axis R1 is set to be parallel to the second direction D2 in a plan view.

[0026] The opening 140 is a rectangular hole in a plan view. An end-facing surface 145 that faces the pivoting end 155 of the door body 150 is inclined. This inclination is intended to prevent the pivoting end 155 of the door body 150 from interfering with the end-facing surface 145 when the door body 150 pivots. The other three surfaces, excluding the end-facing surface 145, are not inclined and are vertical.

[0027] The link member 10 is rotatably connected to the door body 150 via a link hinge 12. This allows the link member 10 to rotate around a link rotation axis R3 as the rotation center. The link member 10 is also provided with a slide hole 15 that extends from the vicinity of the link hinge 12 toward the tip 31. The link member 10 also has a slide portion 11 that is slidably connected to the ladder member 30. The slide portion 11 defines a groove 11a that extends from the vicinity of the slide hole 15 toward the tip 31 (see Figures 2 and 3).

[0028] 3, the support portion 20 has a pair of support beams 21, 21 and a support member 25. The support beam 21 extends along a first direction D1 and spans the opening 140. In addition, an end of the support beam 21 is fixed to the ceiling 130. Here, the first direction D1 is a direction perpendicular to the door rotation axis R1, which is the rotation axis of the door body 150, in a plan view.

[0029] The support member 25 is a rod member with a circular outer shape that extends in a second direction D2 that is perpendicular to the first direction D1, and has its ends connected to the pair of support beams 21, 21. The support member 25 also passes through a slide hole 15 provided in the link member 10. The attachment position of the support member 25 is preferably set so that it is close to the door hinge 151 in a plan view.

[0030] The ladder member 30 is rotatably connected to the support member 25 via a ladder hinge 32. This allows the ladder member 30 to rotate around the ladder rotation axis R2. In this embodiment, the door rotation axis R1, the link rotation axis R3, and the ladder rotation axis R2 are set to be parallel to each other.

[0031] The ladder member 30 is slidably connected to the slide portion 11 provided on the link member 10. Specifically, the ladder member 30 is slidably connected to the slide portion 11 while being inserted into a groove 11a defined in the slide portion 11. The structure of the ladder member 30 is almost the same as that of a commonly used ladder, and therefore detailed explanation of the structure will be omitted.

[0032] As shown in Figures 4(a) and (b), the door body 150 has an annular member 153 on its outer periphery. When the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the outer edge of the annular member 153 comes into contact with the ceiling 130 via a packing 160. The thickness of the door body 150 is set to the same thickness as the ceiling 130, and is sized so that it can be inserted into the opening 140. The door body 150, like the ceiling 130, is made of reinforced concrete.

[0033] The door hinge 151 is fitted with a stopper 152 that limits the rotation of the door body 150. When the stopper 152 comes into contact with the upper surface of the ceiling 130, the upward rotation of the door body 150 is stopped. In addition, when the annular member 153 comes into contact with the upper surface of the ceiling 130 via the packing 160, the downward rotation of the door body 150 is stopped.

[0034] The packing 160 has a first packing 161 and a second packing 162, and is attached to the upper surface of the ceiling 130 so as to surround the opening 140. The first packing 161 is mainly intended to prevent rainwater from entering, and is provided on the outer periphery of the second packing 162. The second packing 162 is mainly intended to prevent water from entering the interior 100a when the shelter 100 is submerged due to a tsunami or other event.

[0035] The first packing 161 is a sponge silicone type, and the second packing 162 is a pressure-resistant silicone type. The rising height of the second packing 162 is set lower than that of the first packing 161. In this embodiment, the number of first packing 161 is one and the number of second packing 162 is two, but this is not limiting.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 4(a), when the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the force of the power cylinder 40 is not applied to the door body 150, and only the weight of the door body 150 is applied to the packing 160. In this state, a small gap is created between the second packing 162 and the annular member 153, and only the first packing 161 is in contact with the annular member 153. Creating this state prevents rainwater from entering the building. In addition, in the event of a tsunami, when a water level gauge installed on the ground detects that the surrounding water level has exceeded a certain level, the power cylinder 40 is activated to apply a force that pulls the door body 150 downward. As a result, the first packing 161 is compressed and its rising height gradually decreases, and the annular member 153 comes into contact with the second packing 162 and then presses against the second packing 162 (see FIG. 4(b)). By creating this state, the first packing 161 and the second packing 162 cooperate to prevent water from entering the room 100a.

[0037] In order to maintain the state in which the door body 150 closes the opening 140, a locking mechanism 170 is provided at a position opposite the power cylinder 40, as shown in Figures 5(a) and (b). As shown in Figures 6(a) to (c), when the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the locking mechanism 170 restricts the rotation of the door body 150 by inserting a latch 171, which is moved by a spring 172, into a fitting hole 173a provided in a fitting member 173. The latch 171 is attached to the underside of the ceiling 130 via the spring 172, and the fitting member 173 is attached to the door body 150 in a state in which it faces the latch 171.

[0038] 4(a) or 5(a), in other words, when the annular member 153 is in contact with only the first packing 161, the locking mechanism 170 is adjusted to the state shown in FIG. 6(b). When the door body 150 is in the state shown in FIG. 4(b), in other words, when the annular member 153 is in contact with both the first packing 161 and the second packing 162, the locking mechanism 170 is adjusted to the state shown in FIG. 6(c).

[0039] The operation of the escape ladder 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7(a) to 7(d).

[0040] When the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the ladder member 30 is close to the ceiling 130 and is parallel to the ceiling 130, as shown in Figure 7(a). At this time, the support member 25 is located near the first end 51 of the slide hole 15. In addition, almost the entire ladder member 30 is housed in the groove 11a provided in the link member 10.

[0041] By operating the power cylinder 40 and extending the piston portion 41, the door body 150 rotates from the floor 110 toward the ceiling 130 around the door rotation axis R1. At the same time, the link member 10 rotates from the ceiling 130 toward the floor 110 around the link rotation axis R3. Furthermore, the ladder member 30 rotates from the ceiling 130 toward the floor 110 around the ladder rotation axis R2 in synchronization with the link member 10. As the link member 10 rotates, the position at which the support member 25 supports the link member 10 changes. In this embodiment, the distance between the support member 25 and the link hinge 12 is minimized during the transition from the first state F1 to the second state F2. That is, during the transition from the first state F1 to the second state F2, the support member 25 approaches the first end 51 (see FIG. 7(b)).

[0042] In the process of moving from the second state F2 to the third state F3, the support member 25 moves away from the first end 51 and approaches the second end 52. At the same time, the overlapping area between the ladder member 30 and the slide portion 11 decreases, and the ladder member 30 protrudes from the tip of the link member 10 (see FIG. 7(c)).

[0043] In this embodiment, the first separation distance L1, which is the horizontal separation distance between the door hinge 151 and the link hinge 12, is set to be always smaller than the second separation distance L2, which is the separation distance between the door hinge 151 and the support member 25. In this case, when the first separation distance L1 is at its maximum, the angle between the ceiling 130 and the escape ladder 1 is at its maximum. Furthermore, when the first separation distance L1 and the second separation distance L2 are set to the same distance, the angle between the ceiling 130 and the escape ladder 1 is 90 degrees. In this embodiment, the first separation distance L1 is set to be smaller than the second separation distance L2, but the first separation distance L1 and the second separation distance L2 may also be set to be equal.

[0044] In the process from the third state F3 to the fourth state F4, the first separation distance L1 becomes even smaller than the second separation distance L2. In this state, the angle between the ceiling 130 and the escape ladder 1 gradually becomes smaller. Meanwhile, the ladder member 30 protrudes further from the tip 31 of the link member 10. In other words, the angle between the ceiling 130 and the ladder member 30 gradually becomes smaller, but the distance from the link hinge 12 to the tip 31 of the ladder member 30 becomes longer (see Figure 7(d)).

[0045] When the stopper 152 comes into contact with the upper surface of the ceiling 130, the upward rotation of the door body 150 stops. In this embodiment, the rotation of the door body 150 is set to stop when the lower surface 150L of the door body 150 becomes vertical, but this is not limited to this. The rotation of the door body 150 may be greater or smaller than this state. Specifically, it is sufficient if the rotation angle can create a state in which evacuees can evacuate using the ladder member 30 without resistance.

[0046] This embodiment is merely an example, and it goes without saying that modifications can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. For example, it is preferable that the door body 150 is housed in a housing (not shown) that allows access. By housing the door body in the housing, it is possible to prevent rainwater from entering the shelter room 100a even if the opening 140 is left open. Furthermore, by entering the housing, it is possible to immediately use the evacuation ladder 1 to enter the shelter room 100a. [Industrial Applicability]

[0047] The use of the evacuation ladder according to the present invention makes evacuation easier and can greatly contribute to the spread of underground shelters, and therefore has great industrial applicability. [Explanation of symbols]

[0048] 1:Evacuation ladder 10: Link member 11: Slide section 15: Slide hole 20: Support part 21: Support beam 25: Support member 30: Ladder member 31: Tip 100: Shelter 110: Floor 120: Side wall 130: Ceiling 140: Opening 150: Door body R1: Door rotation axis R2: Ladder rotation axis R3: Link rotation axis

Claims

1. An evacuation ladder for a shelter to be installed in a shelter, The shelter has a floor, side walls, a ceiling, and a single-wing door that opens and closes an opening provided in the ceiling, a link member rotatably connected to the door body; a support portion that slidably supports the link member; a ladder member pivotably connected to the support portion, The link member has a slide portion for sliding the ladder member in the direction in which the link member extends, An evacuation ladder for a shelter, characterized in that when the door body is rotated in the direction of opening the opening, the ladder member rotates in the opposite direction to the door body, and the tip of the ladder member comes close to the floor.

2. 2. The evacuation ladder for a shelter according to claim 1, wherein when the door body closes the opening, the ladder member is entirely adjacent to the ceiling.

3. The evacuation ladder for a shelter as described in claim 1, characterized in that the support portion has a pair of support beams fixed to the ceiling and spanning the opening, and a support member spanning between the pair of support beams.

4. An evacuation ladder for a shelter as described in claim 3, characterized in that the link member has a slide hole extending along the direction in which the link member extends, and the support member supports the link member while passing through the slide hole.

5. 4. An escape ladder for a shelter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ladder member is rotatably connected to the support member.

6. 2. The shelter evacuation ladder according to claim 1, wherein the door pivot axis of the door body, the link pivot axis of the link member, and the ladder pivot axis of the ladder member are set parallel to each other.

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