Compression molding method and apparatus

Abstract

To provide a compression forming apparatus and a method for manufacturing an object with a formable material, for example, a synthetic polymer material.SOLUTION: Providing a mould comprising a first mould part (2) and a second mould part (3) located opposite each other and a plurality of sectors included in either the first mould part or the second mould part, defining a variable volume generating region of the mould and forming at least a lateral portion of the object, providing a unit dose of mouldable material between the first mould part and the second mould part while the mould is in an open state, displacing the first mould part and the second mould part towards each other in a forming direction; Defining a closed forming chamber between the first mold portion and the second mold portion by contacting respective abutment surfaces of the first mold portion and the second mold portion extending transversely to the forming direction. The method further includes reducing the variable-volume creation region by moving the sector in a direction transverse to the build direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and method for producing an object by compression molding a formable material. and devices. [Background technology]

[0002] Formable materials that can be manipulated in the method and apparatus according to the invention include, for example: , a synthetic polymer material.

[0003] Compression molding devices for producing objects in polymeric materials are known. An extruder from which a continuous extrudate of a polymer material flows, and a device for discharging a continuous unit amount of the polymer material 1. for cutting a continuous extrudate to separate it from a continuous unit quantity of polymer material The known device receives a corresponding unit dose of polymeric material and each It further comprises one or more molds for creating objects from the unit doses.

[0004] The unit doses used in known devices are usually simple, for reasons related to their manufacturing process. The shape of the unit quantity is often determined by the This is very different from the object, which in some cases requires inserting the unit dose correctly into the mold. This is difficult and may cause inconvenience.

[0005] In particular, when the mold has a forming cavity with lateral dimensions that are small relative to the dimensions of the unit portion, This can occur because the corresponding dimensions of the objects to be produced are small. The lateral dimensions of the cavity are smaller than the corresponding lateral dimensions of the unit dose, so that the unit dose is formed in the cavity. It may not even be possible to introduce it into Biti.

[0006] When this occurs, units with relatively complex shapes that more closely resemble the shape of the forming cavity are used. Unless a quantity is used, an object cannot be produced by compression molding, which is always possible. In either case, complex equipment is required to produce unit quantities. do.

[0007] Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing containers such as crates by forming plastic materials. The plastic material is then pressed against the cavity of the mold while the mold is in the closed position. A portion of the side wall of the mold cavity is then injected into the cavity, increasing the volume of the cavity. It is reduced and moved to form a container.

[0008] Patent Document 2 describes a method for making a mold from powder, in which the mold has an undercut portion. The present invention discloses a method for disengaging an object from an undercut portion of the object and extracting the object from the mold. To achieve this, a mold is provided with two movable plate-like members that move away from each other. The plate-like member is therefore used in a shape from which the formed object must be removed. The chamber is movable to increase the volume of the chamber.

[0009] Patent document 3 discloses a device for compressing an optical fiber, which device is configured to compress the circumference of an axis. The six sectors are arranged in a circle, and the opposing The device comprises a housing and a steel ring that reduces the distance between the pairs of sectors. and a cover that can be removed to introduce an optical fiber therebetween and then reused. In Patent Document 3, it is not possible to define the formation direction. The device is designed so that the distance between two graphite blocks placed above and below the optical fiber is constant. Therefore, no axial compression is applied to the optical fiber. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0010] [Patent Document 1] US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0034973 [Patent Document 2] US Patent Application Publication No. 5,378,416 [Patent Document 3] French Patent No. 1549502 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing objects from formable materials, for example synthetic polymer materials. The present invention provides an improved compression forming apparatus and method.

[0012] A further object is to provide a mold for use in fabricating an object with a unit dose of formable material. The goal is to improve the way we introduce

[0013] Another object is to provide a method for producing a unit dose of formable material by compressive forming of the unit dose of formable material. The object is to make it possible to produce objects having transverse dimensions that are small relative to the dimensions of the object. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming an object, the method comprising: - a first mold part and a second mold part located opposite each other, and a variable volume generating region of the mold, the variable volume generating region being included in one of the mold sections, and providing a mold including a plurality of sectors forming the lateral portions; - disposing a unit quantity of moldable material between the first mold part and the second mold part; and, The first mold part and the second mold part are displaced so as to approach each other in a forming direction, The first mold part and the second mold part extend transversely to the forming direction. a closed forming chamber between the first mold part and the second mold part by contacting the first mold part with the second mold part; defining a bar; The volume of the variable volume generating region is changed by moving the sector in a direction transverse to the forming direction. The method further includes the step of reducing the product.

[0015] By virtue of the first aspect of the invention, a variable volume forming region is available within the mould. The casting of a unit quantity of material having a comparatively large size and a shape completely different from the object to be obtained. A moldable material can be introduced into the variable volume forming chamber, thereby enabling compression molding techniques. By starting with unit quantities that have simple geometric shapes and are therefore easy to obtain and manipulate, It is possible to produce multiple objects of various shapes and sizes.

[0016] In one embodiment, the mold is in an open position - i.e., the first mold part and the second mold part the first mold part is in a spaced apart position while the unit quantity of moldable material is being poured into the second mold part. and the second mold part.

[0017] In one embodiment, the mold is inserted into the variable volume forming region to form the mold. The forming portion compresses the flexible material in the forming direction.

[0018] The forming section may gradually decrease the size of the forming chamber along the forming direction. In other words, the forming section can determine the shape of the object to be formed. This allows for a gradual decrease in thickness measured in a direction parallel to the growth direction.

[0019] Thus, the molding is possible both in a direction parallel to the forming direction and in a direction transverse to the forming direction. It is possible to compress the material.

[0020] In one variation, the step of moving the sectors across the forming direction comprises: Before a closed forming chamber is defined, i.e., between the first mold part and the second mold part, This begins before the contact surfaces of the two contact pieces come into contact with each other.

[0021] This allows the unit dose of moldable material to be dispensed without waiting for the forming chamber to close. The volume of the variable volume forming region can begin to decrease immediately after the introduction of the mixture into the mold. become.

[0022] In particular, the step of moving the sectors also involves moving the first and second mould parts in such a way that the first and second mould parts are aligned with each other. This allows the closed forming chamber to be defined by the displacement of the opening toward the opening. obtain.

[0023] In one embodiment, the plurality of sectors are movable between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the plurality of sectors define an expanded state of the variable volume forming region. In the second position, the plurality of sectors define the final state of the variable volume forming region. .

[0024] In one embodiment, the unit amount is a part selected from the first mold part and the second mold part. At the same time, the unit amount is deposited in a direction transverse to the direction of formation of the unit amount (more specifically, vertical direction). The small dimension in the direction perpendicular to the expansion direction is the direction in which the variable volume forming region is formed in the expanded state. It is smaller than the corresponding dimension in the transverse direction (more specifically, the vertical direction).

[0025] This causes the unit amount to contact the sector in an insufficient state, resulting in Unintended deformation of the unit dose and / or incorrect positioning of the unit dose within the mold Enable - Prevent.

[0026] In one embodiment, the second position is achieved before the closed forming chamber is defined. can be.

[0027] In this case, the first mold part and the second mold part are in the final state of the variable volume forming region. Only after realizing this will they come into contact.

[0028] In one embodiment, the first mold part and the second mold part may include a The plurality of sectors are connected to the first mold part after the closed forming chamber is defined. The second mold part faces the other mold part so as to come into contact with the other mold part.

[0029] Putting the sector in the second position, which corresponds to the final state of the variable volume forming region. whereby the sector assumes the second position before defining the closed forming chamber. While the sector is being pressed against the mold part, the sector is prevented from sliding against the mold part facing the sector. This becomes possible.

[0030] In one embodiment, the mold part facing the sectors comprises a block part. The block portion is configured to contact the forming portion of the mold portion while the unit portion is being molded. said sectors by engaging end regions of said unit portions so as to block said unit portions; is intended to press said end region against said formation with which it is associated.

[0031] The blocking portion prevents unintentional displacement of the unit dose during formation.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment, the step of moving the plurality of sectors in a direction transverse to the forming direction comprises: , it is possible to start before the closed forming chamber is defined, but The second position is achieved after the forming chamber is closed.

[0033] In another alternative embodiment, the step of moving the sectors in a direction transverse to the forming direction includes: The process begins after the closed forming chamber is defined.

[0034] This prevents the sector from being accidentally removed from the mold due to movement of the sector. The material is prevented from spilling out.

[0035] In one embodiment, the first mold part is a female mold part, while the second mold part is a male mold part. This is the mold section.

[0036] The first mold part may be positioned below the second mold part.

[0037] Alternatively, the first mold part may be positioned above the second mold part.

[0038] Thus, the female mold part may be positioned below the male mold part, or the female mold part may be positioned below the male mold part. A mold part may be positioned above the male mold part.

[0039] The step of providing a unit quantity of moldable material between the first mold part and the second mold part comprises depositing the unit amount onto one mold part selected from the first mold part and the second mold part; The one mold part may include a step of: It is located below the mold section.

[0040] The sectors may be contained within the first mold part or the second mold part.

[0041] The sectors are therefore associated with the female mold part or the male mold part. is possible.

[0042] In one embodiment, the first mold part and the second mold part are moved toward each other in the forming direction. The step of displacing the first mold part and the second mold part is performed by displacing the first mold part and the second mold part. A drive that moves the mold part toward another mold part selected from the first mold part and the second mold part. This is caused by the mechanical device.

[0043] In one embodiment, the plurality of sectors are arranged in the mold section that is moved by the drive unit. is associated with.

[0044] This embodiment allows the formation of the actuator by utilizing the motion generated by the actuator. It is also possible to move the plurality of sectors in a direction crossing the direction. The sector of the number is opposite to the other mold section, i.e. the mold section moved by the drive. The mold section is moved transversely to the forming direction by interaction with a machine control associated with the mold section. It can be done.

[0045] In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for forming an object, the apparatus comprising at least one mold The at least one mold comprises a first mold part and a second mold part located opposite each other. a mold part, the first mold part, and the second mold part, which are included in one of the first mold part and the second mold part, and The apparatus further includes a plurality of sectors defining a region of interest and forming at least a side of the object. Furthermore, the first mold part and the second mold part are respectively arranged so as to cross the forming direction. The first and second mold parts are in contact with each other along their contact surfaces to form a closed formed chamber between the first and second mold parts. The first mold part and the second mold part are aligned with each other along the forming direction to define a chamber. The device further includes a drive device for driving the roller toward the forming direction. a push-out means for moving the sector to reduce the volume of the variable volume forming region; do.

[0046] The method according to the first aspect of the invention can be carried out by an apparatus provided according to the second aspect of the invention. This makes it possible to obtain the above-mentioned advantages.

[0047] In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming an object, the method comprising: a first mold part and a second mold part located on the side of the first mold part and a second mold part located on the side of the second mold part; defining a variable volume generating region of the mold and forming at least a lateral portion of the object; providing a mold including a plurality of sectors, each sector having a first and second mold part; providing a unit quantity of moldable material in the first mold part and the second mold part; The first mold part and the second mold part are moved toward each other in the forming direction until they come into contact. The first and second mold parts are positioned to define a closed forming chamber between them. - reducing the volume of the variable volume generating region to form the object. The step of reducing the volume of the variable volume generating region includes the step of: After defining the sectors, the step of moving the sectors in a direction transverse to the forming direction is included.

[0048] In the method of the third aspect of the present invention, before the forming chamber is closed, the sectors are The objects can be positioned at a relatively large mutual distance, which allows for a large difference in the size of the formed object. A relatively large unit quantity of moldable material can be accommodated within the mold. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture objects by compression molding that cannot be obtained by conventional compression molding machines. become.

[0049] The sectors cross the forming direction to reduce the volume of the closed forming chamber. The forming chamber is initially displaceable so as to assume the shape of the finished object. This allows for the use of simple shaped unit quantities. This makes it easier to manufacture and obtain objects with fairly complex geometries. .

[0050] By providing a forming chamber that is larger than the object to be produced, it is possible to, for example, abutting the sides of the forming chamber in a state that affects the quality of the resulting object There is a risk that the moldable material may unintentionally interact with the mold. This reduces the risk of the injection of the unit dose into the mould, thus allowing for improved injection.

[0051] In one embodiment, when the first mold part and the second mold part come into contact with each other, the second mold part The contact portion contained within the first mold part is adapted to oppose the contact surface of the sector contained within the first mold part. Make contact.

[0052] In one embodiment, the contact portion is a columnar portion surrounding a forming portion contained in the second mold portion. It is a component.

[0053] In one embodiment, after the forming chamber is closed, the forming portion and the columnar member are It is conceivable that the forming part may be inserted into the first mould part by moving them relative to one another.

[0054] Thus, shaping the moldable material received in the first mold part. is possible.

[0055] In one embodiment, the sector is contained within the first mold part, and the first mold part further comprises , and end forming portions which together with said sectors define forming cavities.

[0056] In this way, the outer surface of the object to be produced in the first mold part can be shaped. It is possible.

[0057] In particular, the forming cavity is disposed on a side surface and one end of the side surface, and the side surface is The cross section may be closed at the end.

[0058] The side surface may be completely defined by the sector, in which case the end formation It defines only the cross section of the forming cavity.

[0059] In an alternative embodiment, a portion of the side surface is defined by the sector and the edge formation. do.

[0060] In this case, the end forming portion comprises a recess in which a part of the inner wall of the object can be formed.

[0061] The end formation also defines the cross section of the forming cavity.

[0062] This prevents large deformations in the forming direction, as occurs for example in the case of container preforms. It is possible to obtain objects with dimensions.

[0063] In one embodiment, the object produced is a hole.

[0064] The first mold part has a protrusion protruding from the end forming part so as to form the interior of the hole. It has.

[0065] In one embodiment, the providing step comprises providing the unit amount on the side of the protrusion to the section. The method includes placing the sensor in a non-central position relative to the sensor.

[0066] The sectors move transversely to the forming direction to expand the body of the closed forming chamber. When reducing the product, the unit volume is flattened around the protrusion. It is possible to form holes in the object being manufactured.

[0067] This allows for the production of a perforated object without starting with a unit dose of moldable material having a ring shape. It is possible to obtain a body.

[0068] In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for forming an object, the apparatus comprising a mold. The mold includes a first mold part and a second mold part located opposite each other, and a gap between the first mold part and the second mold part. a plurality of sectors included in any of the second mold parts and forming at least a side surface of the object; The apparatus further includes: a first mold part and a second mold part that are aligned with each other along the forming direction; a closed forming chamber formed between the first mold part and the second mold part by bringing them into contact with each other. a driving device for defining a chamber, the device further comprising: a driving device for adjusting the volume of the variable volume forming region; and a push-out means for moving the sectors transversely to the forming direction so as to reduce the do.

[0069] As already described in the third aspect of the invention, the apparatus provided by the fourth aspect of the invention may , placing the unit portion between the first mold part and the second mold part and forming a producible object. It also allows for expansion of the range.

[0070] In a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming an object, the method comprising: providing a mold including a first mold part and a second mold part located side by side; providing a unit dose of moldable material between the first mold part and the second mold part; To form an object from the unit quantities by steps, the steps are arranged so as to face each other in a forming direction. displacing the first mold part and the second mold part. between the first mold part and the second mold part before the displacement of the central region of the unit amount begins will be blocked.

[0071] This makes it possible to prevent unintended deformation of the unit dose during molding. For example, the unit amount may be reduced during deformation between the first mold part and the second mold part. It is possible to prevent small or non-central placement within the mold.

[0072] In a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for forming an object from a moldable material. The apparatus includes at least one mold including first and second mold parts located opposite each other. and the unit quantities are pressed together in a forming direction to form an object from the unit quantities by compression molding. The first mold part and the second mold part are displaced by a driving device. a mold part selected from the first mold part and the second mold part, while the unit dose is being molded, the first mold part and the second mold part so as to block the unit dose from contacting the mold part; and a mold portion selected from the group consisting of: It has a block part that can be

[0073] The blocking portion prevents unintentional displacement of the unit dose during formation. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0074] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show, by way of non-limiting example, some variants of its implementation. can be more fully understood and implemented.

[0075] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mold for producing an object, the cross-section being taken in a plane containing the axis of the mold. [Figure 2] 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the plane II-II of FIG. 1. In the figure, unit amounts of sliding material are not shown. [Figure 3] 2 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 at a stage where a closed forming chamber is defined in the mold. [Figure 4] 2 relating to the stage of FIG. 3. FIG. [Figure 5] 2 is a cross-section similar to FIG. 1 for the step of bringing sectors closer together to reduce the volume of the closed forming chamber. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1, illustrating an end portion forming step. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 2 relating to the situation of FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mold for producing an object according to an alternative modification, the cross-section being taken in a plane containing the axis of the mold; [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a view from above of the first part of the mold of FIG. 8. [Figure 10] 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 8, but at a stage where a closed forming chamber has been defined in the mold. [Figure 11] 11 is a view from above like FIG. 9 related to the stage of FIG. 10. [Figure 12] 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 8 of the step of reducing the volume of the closed forming chamber by bringing the sectors closer together. [Figure 13] 13 is a view from above like FIG. 9 related to the stage of FIG. 12. [Figure 14] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 8 relating to an end portion forming step. [Figure 15] 15 is a view from above like FIG. 9 related to the stage of FIG. 14. [Figure 16] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mold for producing an object according to another alternative modification, the cross-section being taken in a plane containing the axis of the mold; [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a top view of the first part of the mold of FIG. 16. [Figure 18] 17 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 16, but at a stage when a closed forming chamber has been defined in the mold. [Figure 19] 17 is a top view like FIG. 17 related to the step of FIG. 18. [Figure 20] 17 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 16 illustrating the step of reducing the volume of the enclosed forming chamber by bringing the sectors closer together. [Figure 21] 20. FIG. 21 is a top view like FIG. 17 related to the stage of FIG. [Figure 22] 17 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 16 relating to the edge forming step. [Figure 23] 23 is a top view like FIG. 17 related to the stage of FIG. 22. [Figure 24] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mold for producing an object according to a further alternative variant relating to three successive stages of operation of the mold, the cross-section being taken in a plane containing the axis of the mold; [Figure 25]1 is a cross-sectional view of a mold for producing an object according to a further alternative variant relating to three successive stages of operation of the mold, the cross-section being taken in a plane containing the axis of the mold; [Figure 26] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a mold for producing an object according to a further alternative variant relating to three successive stages of operation of the mold, the cross-section being taken in a plane containing the axis of the mold; [Figure 27] 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 relating to a mold having a multi-layer material processed therein. [Figure 28] 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 27, but relating to the stage where a closed forming chamber has been defined. [Figure 29] 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 27 relating to the step of reducing the volume of the closed forming chamber by bringing the sectors closer together. [Figure 30] FIG. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 27 relating to an end portion forming step. [Figure 31] 10 is a schematic view of a mold according to an alternative variant in an open state. FIG. [Figure 32] 32 is a schematic diagram of the mold of FIG. 31 relating to the step of reducing the volume of the variable volume forming region by bringing multiple sectors closer to each other. [Figure 33] FIG. 32 is a schematic view of the mold of FIG. 31 in relation to the stage where a closed forming chamber has been defined. [Figure 34] 32 is a schematic diagram of the mold of FIG. 31 in relation to the edge forming step. [Figure 35] FIG. 35 is a schematic enlarged, interrupted view showing a detail of FIG. 34; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0076] 1-7 show a forming apparatus for producing an object by compression forming a formable material. 1 shows a schematic representation of a forming mold 1 for a device. In the embodiment shown, the formable material is a synthetic thermoplastic material. which is pre-extruded in an extrusion device not shown. The material is separated into discrete unit portions or 100 unit portions from a formable material having a predetermined mass. Each unit quantity 100 is intended to generate an object. Although the unit portion 100 has a substantially spherical shape, other shapes of the unit portion 100, e.g., cylindrical, are also possible. Alternatively, a prismatic shape is also possible.

[0077] The forming device separates each unit dose 100 from the material exiting the extruder device. The forming device may comprise a conveying device (not shown) for conveying the mold 1 to the mold 1. The forming device may comprise, for example, a rotary shaft. The apparatus may comprise a plurality of moulds 1 mounted in a peripheral region of a carousel rotatable about the mould.

[0078] In the example shown, the mould 1 is intended to form a preform for a container. The foam is intended to be blown or stretch-blown to obtain a container. The preform comprises a hollow body having a sidewall that may be cylindrical or tronconical. The side walls are closed by transverse walls which may be dome-shaped. a fastener for removably fastening the cap to the neck of the container obtained from the preform; The neck may further comprise an external fastening means. The fastening means may, for example, comprise one or more It may also be provided with an upper screw thread.

[0079] The mold 1 comprises a first mold part 2 and a second mold part 3 facing each other. The drive device moves the first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 relative to each other along the forming direction D, The first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 are arranged to be close to each other or alternatively to be spaced apart from each other. The drive may be hydraulic, mechanical, or other. An example of a hydraulic drive is a hydraulic actuator. An example of a mechanical drive is a cam mechanism. It is a location.

[0080] The drive drives the first mold part 2 into the second mold part 3, which remains fixed along the forming direction D. It may be associated with the first mold part 2 so as to bring it closer or move it further away. Alternatively, the drive may be associated with the second mold part 3, while the drive may be associated with the first mold part 2. remains fixed along the forming direction D. The drive drives the first mold part 2 and the second mold part Both of the mold parts 3 may be associated, in this way, both along the forming direction D It is movable.

[0081] Furthermore, the forming direction D, which is vertical in the illustrated example, may be non-vertical, e.g., horizontal or oblique. That's fine.

[0082] In the illustrated example, the first mold part 2 is a female mold part and the second mold part 3 is a male mold part. .

[0083] In the illustrated example, the first mold part 2 is disposed below the second mold part 3, but this condition is not necessary. This is not required, and other mutual arrangements of the first and second mold parts 2, 3 are possible.

[0084] The first mold part 2 has a forming cavity 24 in which the outer surface of the object can be formed. The forming cavity 24 may have a Y axis.

[0085] In the illustrated example, the first mold part 2 comprises a plurality of sectors 8 and an end forming portion 14. The shank 8 and the end former 14 interact to define a forming cavity 24 .

[0086] In particular, sector 8 is adjacent to second mold part 3 and defines variable volume forming region 4 of forming cavity 24. The end forming portion 14 is configured to define an object extending transversely to the forming direction D. In the illustrated example, the forming cavity 24 The recess 70 is provided in the end forming portion 14 included in the recess 70. The recess 70 is a forming portion having a certain volume. It defines a portion of the cavity 24 .

[0087] The sector 8 is interposed between the end forming part 14 and the second mould part 3 .

[0088] The sectors 8 and the edge formers 14 are arranged to form the outer surface of the object to be manufactured. More specifically, if the object to be manufactured is a preform, the sector 8 comprises at least It is intended to form the reform neck from the outside, while the end forming portion 14 is In addition to the hollow body interposed between the end wall and the preform, the end wall is formed from the outside. will be placed in.

[0089] The variable volume forming region 4 is defined by side surfaces 5 surrounding a central region 6. The side surfaces 5 are at least are also intended to externally form the preform neck.

[0090] The sectors 8 are suitable for defining the sides 5 of the variable volume forming region 4 .

[0091] In the illustrated example, there are four sectors 8, namely, a first sector 8a, a second sector 8b, and a third sector 8c. c, and a fourth sector 8d.

[0092] Each sector 8 is in contact with two adjacent sectors 8. For example, in the illustrated variant, the first The sector 8a is in contact with the second sector 8b and the fourth sector 8d adjacent to the first sector 8a. do.

[0093] In alternative embodiments not shown, there may be a number of sectors 8 other than four. It is Noh.

[0094] The sectors 8 may have the same shape.

[0095] Each sector 8 comprises a body 9 which may have a substantially parallelepiped shape. The body 9 protrudes from the portion of the body 9 directed towards the central region 6. The body 9 is formed in the 4, and together with the forming surfaces 11 of all sectors 8, a variable volume forming area It is intended to define the sides 5 of the area 4 .

[0096] In the example shown, the forming surface 11 defines the forming appendage 10 of the corresponding sector 8 .

[0097] The forming surface 11 may be curved.

[0098] In the illustrated example, each forming surface 11 is provided with a thread or other fastening means for forming a thread or other fastening means on the preformed neck. A cylindrical portion having recessed and / or raised portions for the purpose of It has the shape of a quarter.

[0099] Each sector 8 is further defined by a sliding surface 12 located adjacent to the forming surface 11. Adjacent sectors 8 are aligned along the sliding surfaces 12 of the sectors 8, as will be better explained below. The sliding surface 12 is formed as a continuation of the forming surface 11. The sliding surface 12 may be in contact with the forming surface 11. In the illustrated example, each sliding surface 12 has a substantially flat shape.

[0100] Each sector 8 also has a forming cavity 2 on the opposite side of the forming surface 11 relative to the sliding surface 12. The contact surface 13 of the sector 8 is located on the part of the forming appendage 10 opposite to the sector 4. , is intended to slide along the sliding surface 12 of the adjacent sector 8. In the example shown, The contact surface 13 has a substantially flat shape.

[0101] The forming device is configured to push each sector 8 toward the central region 6 of the variable volume forming region 4. and a plurality of pressing devices (not shown) arranged to apply a force to the sector 8. Prepare.

[0102] Each pushing device may comprise, for example, a hydraulic, electric, or pneumatic actuator. Alternatively, each pressing device may comprise a mechanical actuator, for example of the cam type. The pressing device is configured to move the sector 8 to a first position P1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and a second position P2 shown in FIGS. At the first position P1, the sector 8 is moved to the second position P2. defines the expanded state C1 of the variable volume forming region 4. In the second position P2, the sector 8 is The final state C2 of the variable volume forming region 4 is defined.

[0103] In the final state C2, the variable volume forming region 4 has a shape corresponding to the outer shape of the preformed neck. In the expanded state C1, the variable volume forming region 4 is instead larger than the dimensions of the preformed neck. the larger dimension, i.e., the larger dimension relative to the dimension that the variable volume forming region 4 has in the final state C2 To switch from the expanded state C1 to the final state C2, the volume of the variable volume forming region 4 is Decreases.

[0104] a number of pushing devices equal to the number of sectors 8, i.e., a pushing device associated with each sector 8; It is possible to provide a device so that each sector 8 is connected to a corresponding pushing device. So it is moved.

[0105] For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a first pressing device (not shown) presses the first pressing device along a first direction D1. The first sector 8a may be configured to apply a directed first force F1 to the first sector 8a. 1, in particular by reducing the distance between the sliding surface 12 of the first sector 8a and the Y axis. This is to move the sector 8 a towards the central region 6 of the variable volume forming region 4 .

[0106] When the first sector 8a moves towards the forming axis Y, the contact surface 13 of the first sector 8a contacts the second sector The first force F1 and the corresponding first direction D1 are actually , oriented parallel to the contact surface 13 of the first sector 8a and the sliding surface 12 of the second sector 8b.

[0107] Furthermore, the part of the sliding surface 12 of the first sector 8a that contacts the fourth sector 8d is The forming appendage 10 is moved towards the forming axis Y, i.e. towards the central region 6 of the variable volume forming region 4. By moving the fourth sector 8d, the fourth sector 8d (in particular its contact surface 13) is pressed. The sliding surface 12 of the fourth sector 8a and the contact surface 13 of the fourth sector 8d are in a first direction D1 of the first force F1. It occurs due to horizontal, especially vertical, placement.

[0108] At the same time, a second pushing device acts on the second sector 8b and is arranged transversely to the first direction D1. A second force F2 directed along a second direction D2 is applied to the second sector.

[0109] In the illustrated example, the second direction D2 is perpendicular to the first direction D1.

[0110] Therefore, the second sector 8b is directed towards the central region 6 of the variable volume forming region 4, i.e., Y At this time, the contact surface 13 of the second sector 8b contacts the sliding surface 12 of the third sector 8c. Slide along.

[0111] The second sector 8b is in contact with the sliding surface 12 of the first sector 8a. These two surfaces are transverse to the second direction D2. Therefore, under the action of the second pushing device, the second sector 8b transmits a second force F2 to the first sector 8a.

[0112] In this way, the first force F1 is applied by the combination of the first force F1 and the second force F2. The force applied to the actuator 8a is transmitted along a trajectory obliquely arranged with respect to the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. , the forming surface 11 (particularly the forming appendage 10) of the first sector 8a is pushed towards the Y axis. The forming surface 11 of the first sector 8a is inclined at 45° with respect to the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. It may be moved in the Y-axis direction.

[0113] The same situation occurs with reference to other pairs of sectors 8, e.g., oriented along the third direction D3. A third force F3 is applied to the third sector 8c by a third pressing device. The third direction D3 is It may be the same as or opposite to the first direction D1.

[0114] The third force F3 pushes the third sector 8c towards the central region 6 of the variable volume forming region 4, while The contact surface 13 of the third sector 8c slides along the sliding surface 12 of the fourth sector 8d. The third force F3 is generated when the sliding surface 12 of the first sector 8c contacts the contact surface 13 of the second sector 8b. The second force F2 is transmitted to the second sector 8b, which is in contact with the sector 8c. The combination of the second force F2 and the third force F3 is applied to the second sector 8b.

[0115] The fourth pushing device applies a fourth force F4 to the fourth sector 8d, directed along a fourth direction D4. In the illustrated example, this is the same as and opposite to the second direction D2. The direction D4 is arranged transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the first direction D1 and to the third direction D3.

[0116] Therefore, the fourth sector 8d moves towards the Y axis and moves along a direction parallel to the fourth direction D4. At the same time, the fourth sector 8d applies a fourth force F4 to the third sector 8c. The third direction D3 and the fourth direction D4 are oriented along a direction inclined relative to the fourth direction D4. , the resulting force given by the combination of the third force F3 and the fourth force F4 is It affects the latter.

[0117] The first force F1 from the first sector 8a is also transmitted to the fourth sector 8d, resulting in the fourth sector 8d The forming appendage 10 moves toward the Y axis under the combined action of the first force F1 and the fourth force F4. .

[0118] Generally, a force directed along the Y axis is applied to each of the sectors 8, which corresponds to the The forming appendage 10 is pushed towards the central region 6 of the variable volume forming region 4. The contact surface 13 of a sector 8 can be parallel to the force applied to that sector, preventing the sliding of adjacent sectors 8. The sliding surface 12 of the sector 8 under consideration is in contact with the contact surface 13 of another adjacent sector 8. The force applied to the sector 8 under consideration is applied to another adjacent sector 8, which is arranged laterally (for example, perpendicularly) with respect to the sector 8 under consideration. This propagates to sector 8, pushing the forming appendage 10 of another adjacent sector towards the Y axis. Two forces are applied to each sector 8, one of which is applied to the pressing device associated with the sector 8 under consideration. The other is added by sector 8 adjacent to the sector under consideration. The result of these two forces is a force that moves towards the Y axis along a trajectory that may be radial to the Y axis. Press the forming surface 11 of the sector 8 under consideration. In this way, the sector 8 is pressed against the forming surface 11 of the sector 8, on which the formable material is already formed. This allows the volume of the variable volume forming region 4 located in the

[0119] In the embodiment described above, a pressing device is provided for each sector 8. In a variant, the number of pushing devices may differ from the number of sectors 8, in particular a smaller number For example, in an embodiment not shown, the first sector 8a and the second sector Only two pressing devices can be provided, one acting on the second sector 8b and the other on the third sector 8c. The fourth sector 8d is located at a fixed position.

[0120] The sector 8 is slidable in contact with the end forming portion 14 and moves from a first position P1 to a second position P2. Move.

[0121] The second mould part 3 extends along the Y axis and is deformable to form the object to be produced from within. A punch-shaped male forming element is provided, which is positioned to penetrate the forming region 4. In other words, the male forming part 15 compresses the formable material along a direction parallel to the Y axis. The abutment 16 on which the male forming part 15 can slide is located on the outside of the male forming part 15. will be placed in.

[0122] The abutment portion 16 is positioned to abut against the first mould part 2 for reasons that will be explained below. The abutment 16 may be formed as a tubular element, i.e., a male forming element is housed therein. The substrate may have holes for insertion.

[0123] In an alternative embodiment not shown, the male forming part 15 is located inside the abutment 16. , one or more parts are interposed between the male forming part 15 and the abutment part 16 .

[0124] The abutment portion 16 is defined by a front surface 71 extending transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the Y axis. The face 71 faces the sector 8 and more specifically faces the abutment face 72 that defines the sector 8 .

[0125] In operation, the mold 1 is initially in an open position, i.e., the first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 is in the released position shown in FIG. 1, where the abutment part 16 is removed from the first mould part 2. In particular, The front face 71 of the tubular element 16 is not in contact with the abutment face 72 of the sector 8. The forming cavity 24 is The forming cavity 24 is open, and a transport device, not shown, allows the flow of formable material into the forming cavity 24. In order to deposit the unit dose 100, a liquid is introduced between the first forming part 2 and the second forming part 3. The male forming part 15 is in a retracted position relative to the abutting part 16 and does not protrude from the abutting part 16. .

[0126] The sector 8 is disposed at a first position P1 and defines the expanded state C1 of the variable volume forming region 4. The sector 8 therefore defines a variable volume forming area 4 having a relatively large volume, which is A unit quantity 100 of formable material having a significant dimension measured transverse to the forming direction D In particular, the unit amount 100 can receive the reserve formed by the unit amount 100. The forming neck has a transverse dimension (e.g., diameter for a spherical unit mass of 100) that is larger than the outer diameter. possible.

[0127] In the illustrated example, the unit dose 100 is received between the sectors 8 and initially in the upper region of the end forming portion 14. Thus, the unit dose 100 is initially spaced from the bottom of the recess 70.

[0128] Additionally, the unit portion 100 has a lateral dimension (e.g., a diameter, in the case of a spherical unit portion 100), smaller than the corresponding lateral dimensions of the variable volume forming region 4, when the latter is in the expanded state C1; Therefore, when the unit dose 100 is deposited in the first mold part 2, the unit The quantity 100 is spaced apart from the sector, in particular from the side surface 5 of the variable volume forming region 4 .

[0129] As shown in FIG. 3, the first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 are moved until the abutment part 16 abuts the sector 8. The mould parts 3 are brought closer together. A drive, not shown, acts on the first mould part 2 and The mould part 2 is displaced towards the second mould part 3, and the abutment surface 72 of the sector 8 is brought into contact with the abutment part 16, in particular the latter The front surface 71 is brought into contact with the abutment surface 72. It works.

[0130] When the sector 8 and the second mold part 3 come into contact with each other, i.e., when the first mold part 2 and the second mold part When the contact surfaces 71 and 72 of the first and second mold parts 2 and 3 come into contact with each other, a closed space is formed between the first and second mold parts 2 and 3. A forming chamber 17 is defined, which, as shown in FIG. 3, contains the object to be produced, i.e. The volume is much larger than the final volume of the preform. The chamber 17 is defined between the end forming portion 14, the sector 8, the abutment portion 16 and the male forming element 15. will be done.

[0131] The male forming part 15 is still in the retracted position and does not protrude from the abutment 16 .

[0132] Sector 8 is still in the first position P1 as shown in FIG. Quantity 100 has not yet undergone significant deformation.

[0133] The drive device continues to push the first mold part 2 towards the male mold part 15. The abutment 16 in contact with the mold part 2 of the first mold also compresses, for example, one or more springs (not shown). This will cause you to retreat.

[0134] The male forming part 15 may be arranged in a fixed position in the forming direction D. As the abutment 16 continues to displace rearward (i.e., upward in FIG. 5) from the first mold section 2, the male mold The forming part 15 begins to protrude from the abutment portion 16 and penetrate the forming cavity 24. The component 15 penetrates the variable volume forming region 4 and then advances into the recess 70 as shown in FIG. Thus, the formable material gradually flows along the forming direction D, i.e., parallel to the Y axis. are compressed one by one.

[0135] At the same time, sector 8, which was originally at the first position P1, is moved in the manner described above, as shown in FIG. In particular, each sector 8 is pressed by a corresponding pressing device. It moves during the movement under the action of the forces exerted on it by the adjacent sectors 8, As a result, the corresponding forming surface 11 approaches the Y axis and can be, for example, linear, e.g. The sector 8 is tilted at 45° to the direction of the two forces applied to it. Displace.

[0136] The volume of the forming chamber 17 gradually decreases, and formable material, not shown in FIGS. It is gradually formed between the first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 .

[0137] The first mold part 2 is the male mold forming element, sector 8 is the male mold forming element, and sector 8 is the first mold part 2 is the male mold forming element. and continues moving towards the Y axis. In this state, sector 8 has reached the second position P2, The male forming part 15 extends from the bottom area of ​​the recess 70 to a thickness substantially equal to the thickness of the end wall of the preform. It's at a certain distance.

[0138] Thus, a preform is obtained from the unit quantity 100. The latter remains in the mold 1 and is not The cooling means shown allows a sufficient time for the material to reach a degree of hardness that allows it to be handled without damage. Then, the mold 1 is opened by a series of steps opposite to the above, and the preform is The system can then be removed and a new formation cycle can begin.

[0139] As is clear from a comparison of FIG. 4 and FIG. 7, not only the volume but also the shape of the variable volume forming region 4 , the expanded shape C1 changes to the final shape C2.

[0140] More specifically, in the illustrated example, in the expanded state C1, the side surface 5 of the variable volume forming region 4 is The forming surface 11 is defined by a plurality of curved portions, and a sliding surface 12 is provided between the curved portions. The respective flat portions are interposed.

[0141] In the final state C2, each forming surface 11 is adjacent to the forming surface 11 of the adjacent sector 8, and each sliding surface 12 is The adjacent sectors are covered or hidden by the forming appendages 10, so that sliding The face 12 no longer faces the forming area 4. The mould 1 is preferably a mould with curved side walls, e.g. This makes it possible to obtain objects of good quality.

[0142] 8 to 15 show how to obtain an object having a non-circular shape in plan view, for example, a polygonal shape. In the illustrated example, the mold 301 is specifically Scoop-shaped container for ice cream, yogurt, or other cream products However, it is possible to manufacture spoons using a mold similar to mold 301. It is also possible to manufacture objects other than spoons. The parts of mold 301 similar to the parts of mold 1 described above The components are designated by the same reference numerals as already used in Figures 1 to 7 and will be described in more detail below. do not have.

[0143] The mold 301 also produces an object in a synthetic polymer material from unit quantities 100 of the synthetic polymer material. The unit dose 100 is separated from the continuous extrudate exiting the extrusion device, It was then transported towards the mold 301 via a transport device not shown.

[0144] In the illustrated example, the unit dose 100 has a substantially spherical shape; however, the unit dose 100 Other shapes are possible.

[0145] The unit quantity 100 has a relatively large size relative to the size of the resulting object. 15, the unit quantity 100 has a diameter greater than the transverse dimension W of the object to be formed. do.

[0146] The molds 301 also include first molds 302 which are movable relative to each other along a forming direction D, which is vertical in the example shown. The mold part 302 and the second mold part 303 are provided. The first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 are the same.

[0147] In particular, in the illustrated example, the first mold part 302 is a female part and is positioned below the second mold part 303. will be done.

[0148] The first mold part 302 is a composite mold part adapted to define a side surface 5 that defines a variable volume forming region 4. The disk drive has a number of sectors 308 .

[0149] In the illustrated example, the sectors 308 have different shapes.

[0150] In particular, in the illustrated example, there are four sectors 308, but the number of sectors 308 may be different from four. Good too.

[0151] In the illustrated example, as shown in FIG. 11, a first sector 308a, a second sector 308b, a third sector 308c, and a 08c, and a fourth sector 308d can be identified.

[0152] Each sector 308 is defined by a forming surface 311 facing the variable volume forming region 4 .

[0153] In the illustrated example, the first sector 308a and the third sector 308c each have a substantially flat shape. On the other hand, the second sector 308b and the fourth sector 308d are not flat, but have a surface 311. The spoon may have a forming surface 311 having, for example, a step 56 to define the enlarged portion of the spoon to be formed. The enlarged portion is a removal portion for removing material, e.g., food, from the container.

[0154] Each sector 308 also has a sliding surface 312 disposed adjacent to the forming surface 311 of that sector. The sliding surface 312 can be a continuation of the forming surface 311. The sliding surface 312 is a variable volume forming area 4. is opposed to.

[0155] Each sector also has a contact surface 312 adapted to slide along the sliding surface 312 of an adjacent sector. It has a surface 313.

[0156] The sliding surface 312 and the contact surface 313 may both be flat. The forming surface 311 is disposed transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the sliding surface 312 of the sector 308. 13 and the sliding surface 312 of the sector 308. In this way, the end region of the forming surface 311 , adjacent to the sliding surface 312, while a further end region of the forming surface 311 opposite the aforementioned end region The area is adjacent to the contact surface 313 .

[0157] to apply respective forces to sectors 308 directed towards the central region 6 of the variable volume forming region 4 , a plurality of pushing devices (not shown) are further provided.

[0158] In particular, the pushing device comprises a first sector 308a, as already described above with reference to FIGS. A first force F1, a third force F2, and a fourth force F3 are applied to the second sector 308b, the third sector 308c, and the fourth sector 308d, respectively. Configured to apply a second force F2, a third force F3, and a fourth force F4.

[0159] Each sector 308 is moved within the variable volume forming region 4 by the resultant force of two different forces. One of these forces is displaceable towards the central region 6 by a corresponding pressing device. sector 308, while other sectors oriented laterally (specifically perpendicularly) to the previous one The force is transmitted to sector 308 by the adjacent sectors.

[0160] Under the action of the force exerted on each sector 308 by the respective pushing device, the latter 3. The sector 308 moves towards the central region 6, so that the contact surface 313 of the sector 308 under consideration moves towards the adjacent sector At the same time, the adjacent sectors 308 slide along the sliding surface 312 of the sector 308 under consideration. The sliding surface 312 flows along the contact surface 313 of a further sector 308 adjacent to the sector 308 under consideration. As a result, the force is transferred to sector 308, which is considered to be a force. The second mold part 303 further includes a slidable end forming part 314. The end forming part 314 is From the opposite side, a variable volume forming region 4 is defined transversely to the forming direction D.

[0161] The end forming section 314, together with the sector 308, defines the forming cavity 24, which in the illustrated example is open upward. Define the following.

[0162] In the illustrated example, the end forming portion 314 is a slab type. Unlike the conventional end forming portion 314, any formable material can be formed into the end forming portion 314. There is no recess provided.

[0163] Thus, in the mold 301 of Figures 8-15, the forming cavity 24 extends around the Y axis and The forming cavity 24 has sides defined by the end forming portions 314. The lateral surfaces of the forming cavity 24 may be flat or may be lateral surfaces. good.

[0164] The second mold part 303 is configured to apply a formable material in a direction parallel to the Y axis, i.e., along the forming direction D. By applying a compressive action to the mold cavity 24, the mold cavity 24 is forced to form the desired object. The tubular member 310 includes a formation 315 adapted to allow the tubular member 310 to pass therethrough.

[0165] In the illustrated example, the forming portion 315 is disposed inside the abutting portion 316, which has a central hole in which the forming portion 315 is accommodated. The abutment portion 316 abuts against the sector 308 to separate the first mold part 302 and the second mold part 303. The forming chamber 17 is adapted to close the forming chamber 17 defined therebetween.

[0166] The forming component 315 is slidably movable along the forming direction D relative to the abutment portion 316 .

[0167] In operation, the mold 301 is initially in an open position, i.e., the first mold part 302 and the second mold part 303 are The mold section 303 is initially in the spaced position as shown in Figure 8. The front surface 71 of the abutment section 316 is 308. Therefore, the conveying device (not shown) is spaced from the contact surface 72 of the forming cartridge 308. A unit dose 100 of formable material can be deposited into the cavity 24 .

[0168] The sector 308 is in a first position P1 as shown in FIG. Region 4 is defined between sectors 308 and has dimensions greater than the size of unit volume 100, and Therefore, the unit dose 100 can be accommodated within the variable volume forming region 4 without interfering with the sector 308. It can be done.

[0169] The drive device moves the first mold part 302 and the second mold part 303 towards each other in the forming direction D. As a result, the first mold part 302 and the second mold part 303 form a closed forming chamber therebetween. In particular, when the abutment surface 72 contacts the front surface 71, the first mold part 302 and the The second mold part 303 comes into contact with the second mold part 303, which can be considered as a further abutment surface.

[0170] In the illustrated example, the drive is associated with the first mold part 302 and is directed towards the second mold part 303. When the abutment surface 72 of the sector 308 contacts the front surface 71 of the abutment portion 316, the end shape A closed forming chamber 17 is defined between the forming portion 314, the sector 308, the abutment portion 316, and the forming portion 315. The latter does not protrude from the abutting portion 316 toward the end forming portion 314, as shown in FIG. The vehicle is still in a rearward position.

[0171] As shown in FIG. 11, sector 308 is still in the first position P1, with unit quantity 100 and They have not yet begun to interact significantly.

[0172] As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a pressing device (not shown) acts on the sector 308 to The sector 308 is placed at the second position P2. This reduces the volume of the variable volume forming region 4 and thus the closed shape. This causes a gradual decrease in the volume of the synthesis chamber 17.

[0173] While the sector 308 is moved to the second position P2, the drive unit moves the first mold part 302 to the second mold part 303. 3. The sector pushed by the drive towards the second mould section 303 308 causes the abutting portion 316 to recede relative to the forming portion 315. Therefore, the forming portion 315 moves relative to the abutting portion 31 6, penetrating the forming cavity 24 and forcing the formable material towards the end forming element 314. The formable material can be pushed in a forming direction D by the The forming section 315 is gradually forced to fill the entire closed forming chamber 17. The flat object is formed by sliding contact with the forming cavity 24. That is, no formable material is interposed between the forming portion 315 and the sector 308. Please note that.

[0174] The driver continues to push the first mold part 302 towards the second mold part 303 while the forming component 31 5 gradually protrudes from the abutment portion 316. In this way, the forming element 315 is 314 until a distance from the edge forming portion 314 is reached that is equal to the thickness of the resulting object. The mold 301 continues to approach the forming portion 314. The mold 301 is used to ensure that the object is rigid enough to be handled without damage. The first mold part 302 and the second mold part 303 are then separated. The portions 303 move away from each other and the object is introduced into the variable volume forming region 4 as a new unit quantity 100. The data is removed to allow the data to be inserted.

[0175] This is because the compression molding produces an object with relatively small dimensions transverse to the forming direction D. It is also possible to obtain a body, but this body requires a relatively large unit amount, i.e. , having initial transverse dimensions that are larger than the corresponding dimensions of the finished object.

[0176] 16 to 23 show alternative methods for obtaining perforated objects, in particular objects with through holes. 1 shows a mold 101 according to a modified example.

[0177] The mold 101 is described with respect to the first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 shown in FIGS. 1 to 7. Similarly, first and second mold parts 102 and 103 are opposed to each other and movable relative to each other in a forming direction D. It has a mold portion 103.

[0178] The first mold part 102 has a plurality of sections adapted to define the sidewalls 5 of the variable volume forming region 4. In the illustrated example, there are four sectors 108 that have the same shape.

[0179] Sector 108 is functionally similar to sector 8 described with reference to FIGS. 1-7, but its shape is The shape is specific to the particular object being manufactured and therefore differs from the shape of sector 8. Each sector 108 has a forming surface 111, which in the illustrated example has the shape of a cylindrical portion. , which are intended to cooperate with each other to form the side walls of the object from the outside. Each sector 108 is The sectors 108 further have sliding surfaces 112, which may be flat. The sliding surfaces 112 of the sectors 108 are connected to the forming surfaces 111. They are adjacent.

[0180] When the sectors 108 are in the first position P1, they define an expanded state C1 of the forming cavity 24. The forming surface 111 and the sliding surface 112 of the roller 108 define the side surface 5 of the variable volume forming region 4 .

[0181] Each sector 108 also has a variable volume forming section, as previously described with reference to FIGS. When moving to reduce the volume of the region 4, along the sliding surface 112 of the adjacent sector 108 It has a contact surface 113 that is intended to slide.

[0182] The contact surface 113 may be flat and faces the sliding surface 112 of the adjacent sector 108, so that it is possible It does not face the variable volume forming region 4.

[0183] The sector 108 has a first position P1 shown in FIGS. 17 and 19 and a second position P2 shown in FIGS. 21 and 23. 1 to 7, the pressure is applied by a pressing device (not shown) between the position P1 and the position P2. It can be moved around.

[0184] The first mold part 102 is formed from the opposite side to the second mold part 103 in a transverse direction to the forming direction D. The sector 108 further comprises an end forming portion 114 that defines the forming region 4. The sector 108 is in contact with the end forming portion 114. The end forming portion is disposed so as to be slidable relative to the end forming portion.

[0185] The core 73 protrudes from the end forming portion 114 and protrudes toward the second mold portion 103. , intended to form the interior of the hole in the object to be manufactured. In the example shown, the core 73 It has a cylindrical shape.

[0186] The core 73 has dimensions along the forming direction D that are greater than the corresponding dimensions of the sectors 108. In this case, the core 73 protrudes toward the second mold part 103 relative to the sector 108. .

[0187] An annular forming cavity 24 is formed between the core 73 and the sector 108. The bitty 24 is open at the top.

[0188] The second mold section 103 is adapted to abut against the sector 108 to close the forming chamber 24. The forming part 115 is housed inside the abutment part 116, and the end forming element 114 adapted to form an edge region of the object opposite to that which would be formed by contact with are combined.

[0189] The forming piece 115 is positioned to receive a portion of the core 73 associated with the end forming portion 114. The guide holes 74 are particularly adapted to engage with the core 73 in the formed connection. can be done.

[0190] The forming component 115 may be provided with a through hole 75. The through hole 75 is formed with the guide hole 74. The through-holes 75 may extend between the surface of the component 115 that is remote from the forming cavity 24. , which serves as a vent hole for the escape of air existing between the core 73 and the forming part 115. It is possible.

[0191] The forming element 115 is slidable against an abutment 116 parallel to the forming direction D.

[0192] In operation, the mold 101 is initially open. The first mold part 102 and the second mold part 103 are shown in FIG. In this position, the transport A device may be inserted between the first mold section 102 and the second mold section 103, which may be an extrusion device. The unit portions 100 separated from the continuous extrudate leaving the nozzle are transported and deposited in the forming cavity 24. To accumulate.

[0193] As shown in FIG. 17, the sector 108 is at the first position P1, so the volume of the variable volume forming region 4 becomes maximum, and the variable volume forming region 4 can easily accommodate the unit amount 100.

[0194] In particular, the distance between the core 73 and the side surface 5 of the variable volume forming region 4 is at least at some points In the illustrated example, the variable volume forming region 4 has a cross-sectional dimension larger than that of the unit volume 100. The surface has the approximate shape of a quadrilateral (particularly a square) with rounded vertices. The rectangular shape is defined by the sliding surface 112 and the forming surface 111 of the actuator 108. The rounded vertices of the rectangle are , corresponding to forming surfaces 111 located near the vertices of the quadrangle.

[0195] The distance between the vertex area of ​​the quadrilateral and the core 73 is greater than the transverse dimension of the unit volume 100. 7, a unit quantity 100 of formable material is then added to the energy storage of the variable volume forming region 4. It may be located at a non-central position within the variable volume forming region 4, near the edge region. The distance between the side surface 5 of the variable volume forming region 4 and the core 73 is actually determined by the side surface 5. At least along the diagonal of the quadrilateral, the unit quantity 100, in particular the diameter of the latter, greater than the transverse dimension.

[0196] After the unit dose 100 is received in the variable volume forming region 4, the first mold part 102 and the second mold part 103 move towards each other until they come into contact with each other. The driving device drives the first forming part 102 in the forming direction D toward the second forming part 10 as shown in FIG. 3. Therefore, the sector 108 comes into contact with the abutment portion 116 as shown in FIG. The forming part 115 is accommodated inside the abutment 116, and in the illustrated embodiment, 116 towards the first formed part 102.

[0197] The core 73 has already partially passed through the guide hole 74 and is engaged with the formed connection with the guide hole. This allows the first mold part 102 to be guided more effectively than the second mold part 103. can be done.

[0198] As shown in FIG. 19, sector 108 is still in first position P1.

[0199] When the first mold part 102 and the second mold part 103 come into contact with each other, the first mold part 102 and the second mold part 103 are pressed against each other as shown in FIG. A closed forming chamber 17 is defined between the mold section 103 and the end forming section 104. 114 at its end (the lower end in the illustrated example). At the end of the side, it is further defined by an abutment portion 116 and a forming portion 115. Finally, the forming The chamber 17 is laterally defined by sectors 108 (outside) and a core 73 (inside). The sectors 108 are arranged in a direction D, for example, according to the method described above with reference to FIGS. The unit dose 100 is then moved laterally by the forming chamber 17 and approaches the core 73. , the sector 108 begins to deform between the sector 108 and the core 73 to fill the gap.

[0200] As the sector 108 approaches the core 73, the volume of the volume-variable forming region 4 decreases, forming a closed The volume of the chamber 17 also decreases.

[0201] Additionally, the first mold part 102 and the second mold part 103 continue to move towards each other. Specifically, the drive continues to move the first mold part 102 towards the second mold part 103. Therefore, the abutment portion 116 abutting against the sector 108 is connected to the first mold portion 102 (upper portion in the illustrated example). ) in the forming direction D. The forming component 115 instead remains in a fixed position along the forming direction D. Therefore, the core 73 penetrates deeper into the guide hole 74 of the forming element 115. It begins to enter the forming cavity 24, i.e., it is interposed between the sector 108 and the core 73, and the core 73 of the object opposite the further edge region formed by the portion of the protruding edge formation 114. An end region is formed.

[0202] This process is shown in FIGS.

[0203] In one variant, the sector 108 is first brought to the second position P2 and then the forming element 1 15 begins to protrude from the abutment 116 so as to be interposed between the sector 108 and the core 73. However, However, this condition is not essential, and the forming element 115 may be rotated before the sector 108 reaches the second position P2. Even if there is, it may begin to intervene between sector 108 and core 73.

[0204] The driver continues to move the abutment 116 towards the first mold-forming component part 115 which presses against it. As a result, as shown in FIG. 22, the forming chamber 17 is formed to have a shape corresponding to the object to be manufactured. The forming chamber continues to enter the variable volume forming region 4 until it reaches the final forming position. In the process, the volume of the previously closed forming chamber 17 is further reduced. While the volume of the chamber 17 is being reduced, the forming portion 115 compresses the formable material in the forming direction D, On the other hand, sectors 108 compress the formable material transversely to the forming direction D. and 23 for a time sufficient to harden the object. The mold 101 is returned to the open position and the formed object is removed from the mold 101 to form a new object. This can be done.

[0205] In this way, a tubular body having through holes originating from the core 73 was obtained.

[0206] This involves the production of units of formable material having an annular shape that are fairly complex to manufacture and manipulate. Perfect shapes, especially spherical or circular shapes, which may be relatively easy to manufacture and transport, rather than from a mass perspective. It was made from a unit quantity of formable material having a cylindrical shape.

[0207] In an alternative variation not shown, the mold 101 may have a perforated end as well as a closed end. Non-penetrating indentations, such as container preforms or heads for crushable tube containers In this case, the first mold part 102 may be used to produce a hollow object having a final shape. The core 7 is in a forming position but is not in contact with the second mold part 103 to form the closed end of the object. Equipped with 3.

[0208] 24 to 26 show a mold 201 according to an alternative modification. The mold 201 comprises a first mold part 202 and a second mold part 203. and which can move towards each other or along the forming direction D. This can be seen in the variants already described. This can occur thanks to a drive device, not shown, similar to that described above. In the drive unit, the second mold part 203 is connected to the first mold part 202, which is movable along the forming direction D. The mold section 202 remains fixed in its orientation.

[0209] The first mold part 202 is a female mold part, while the second mold part 203 is a male mold part. Unlike the variants described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 23, the first mold part 202 is The mold 201 is positioned above the second mold section 203. The mold 201 is for forming a concave object, e.g., coffee or other a unit of formable material adapted to form a container such as a capsule for a substance; Starting with a quantity of 100, which is shown as a sphere in the example, however, the unit quantity 100 has other Forms are also possible.

[0210] The unit portions 100 are cut from a continuous extrudate emerging from an extrusion apparatus not shown, and are It may be transferred to the mold 201 by a transport device not shown.

[0211] The first mold part 202 has a plurality of sections adapted to define the sides 5 of the variable volume forming region 4. The sector 208 may have a shape similar to that of the sector 8 shown in FIGS. 1 to 17. The sector 208 is located between a first position P1 shown in FIG. 24 and a second position P2 shown in FIG. , movable by respective pressing devices similar to those described with reference to the preceding figures. It could be.

[0212] The first mold part 202 is formed from the opposite side to the second mold part 203 in a transverse direction to the forming direction D. The forming cavity 24 further comprises an end forming portion 214 that defines the forming region 4. The forming cavity 24 is divided into sectors 208 and An end formation is defined, which in the illustrated example faces downwards.

[0213] The second mold section 203 is attached to a support surface 76 on which a unit dose 100 of formable material can be placed. It has a male forming part 215 defined thereon at its upper end.

[0214] The second mold section 203 further comprises an abutment section 216 surrounding the male mold forming element. The abutment portion 216 abuts against the sector 208 to separate the first mold part 202 from the second mold part 208. The abutment portion 202 is adapted to close the forming chamber 17 defined between the abutment portion 202 and the mold portion 203. 16 is oriented transversely in the forming direction D by a front face 71 adapted to abut against an abutment face 72 of the sector 208. It is defined by cutting.

[0215] The front surface 71 and the abutment surface 72 extend transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the forming direction D. In the illustrated embodiment, the front surface 71 and the abutment surface 72 are substantially flat. 24. In the open position, the first mold part 202 and the second mold part 203 are initially in the open position as shown in FIG. 202 and the second mold part 203. The sector 208 may be a variable volume forming device. The region 4 is disposed at a first position P1 where the volume of the region 4 is maximum.

[0216] The delivery device, inter alia, comprises a unit dose 100 disposed on a support surface 76 of the androgenic component 215. 2, the unit dose 100 is deposited in the mold 201. The latter is directed from the abutment portion 216 towards the first mold portion 202. It stands out.

[0217] The drive then begins to move the second mold part 203 towards the first mold part 202. The forming part 215 approaches the forming cavity 24 and at some point compresses the formable material in the forming direction D. The abutment portion 216 then abuts against the sector 208. When this occurs, the forming chamber 17 closes, as shown in FIG. The forming chamber 17 is defined between the mold section 202 and the second mold section 203. The forming chamber 17 is particularly defined by the end forming section 21. 4, sector 208, male forming portion 215, and abutment portion 216. Sector 208 is It is still in the first position P1.

[0218] After the forming chamber 17 is closed, the abutment 216 abuts the sector 208, which then contacts the end forming section 216. 214 and therefore remains in a fixed position along the forming direction D.

[0219] The sector 208 approaches the male forming part 215 and reaches a second position P2 shown in FIG. , is moved transversely to the forming direction D. In this way, the volume of the variable volume forming region 4 The driver drives the male forming portion 215 toward the end forming portion 214. until the portion 215 reaches a distance from the end forming portion 214 equal to the thickness of the cross wall of the object to be produced. At this point, the mold 201 is in its final forming position. The mold section 203 remains in this position long enough to allow the formed object to cool properly. , the mold 201 can then be opened and the object removed.

[0220] 27-30 show a mold 401 which is completely similar to the mold 1 shown in FIGS. 1-7, which , compression formation, a geometry different from the geometry of the unit quantity 100 shown so far Starting from a unit quantity 400 of formable material having a desired shape, an object, in particular a preform, is formed. Used to manufacture.

[0221] More specifically, the unit quantity 400 has a planar shape, and the planar shape may be a square, a rectangle, a circle, or the like. The height of the unit portion 400, i.e., its length along the forming direction D, can be cylindrical or polygonal. The dimension may be smaller than the dimension of the unit quantity 400 transverse to the forming direction D.

[0222] The unit dose 400 may be formed from a single material, or, as in the illustrated example, may be formed from a multi-layer structure. It may have a structure.

[0223] In particular, the unit dose 400 can include an intermediate layer 77 interposed between two outer layers 78. Layer 77 may be, for example, a barrier to oxygen, and / or gases, and / or light, and / or flavorings. Alternatively, the intermediate layer 77 may be, at least in part, a lithographically It may be made from a tubular polymer material.

[0224] The outer layer 78 is formed of a material whose purpose is to impart desired mechanical and aesthetic properties to the object. Between the outer layer 78 and the intermediate layer 77, a layer for improving adhesion between the intermediate layer 77 and the outer layer 78 can be provided. There may be interposed one or more layers of compatibilizing material adapted to

[0225] The mold 401 is initially in an open position as shown in FIG. 27, with the first mold part 2 being in the second The sector 8 is in the first position P1 and is separated from the mold part 3. Here, the unit amount 400 corresponds to C1. In particular, the unit amount 400 corresponds to the amount of the unit amount 400 on the support surface 79 of the end forming portion 14. 3. The first mold part 2 is then delivered to the first mold part 2 so that the first mold part 2 is supported at a position spaced apart from the bottom of the recess 70. 401. More specifically, the support surface 79 has an annular shape and is inserted into the mold 401. The edge area of ​​the support surface 79 can be supported by the sector 8.

[0226] In the illustrated embodiment, the support surface 79 is located on the axis of the sector 8 as it passes from the first position P1 to the second position P2. At the second position P2, the support surface 79 is in contact with the net of the preform. The unit quantity is therefore intended to form the inner surface of an annulus projecting radially from the block. 400 is surrounded by sector 8, which is still located at the first position P1, and the unit quantity 400 is The sector 8 defines a relatively wide variable volume forming region 4 that can be arranged without contacting the sector 8. Specifically, the first position has a transverse dimension greater than that of the recess 70. The sector 8 at the position P1 is a variable volume forming area whose cross-sectional dimension is larger than the cross-sectional dimension of the unit volume 400. Having defined the area 4, the unit dose 400 can be introduced into the mold without being substantially deformed.

[0227] The unit amount 400 is, for example, a layer in which the intermediate layer 77 is disposed transversely, particularly perpendicularly, to the forming direction D. The mold is introduced into the first mold part 2 by supporting it on shoulder 79 in the desired orientation.

[0228] Here, the first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 form a closed forming chamber 17 shown in FIG. The mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 are moved towards each other to define a closed forming chamber. The chamber 17 is defined when the sector 8 abuts against the abutment 16. In particular, the abutment surface 72 of the sector 8 abuts against a further abutment or front surface 71 of the abutment portion 16 .

[0229] At this point, as shown in FIG. 29, sector 8 is inclined transversely to the forming direction D. to a second position P2 by applying respective forces Fi directed in the direction, in particular perpendicularly. The force Fi can be applied as described with reference to FIGS. The graph may have a different geometry than that shown and move from a first position P1 to a second position P2 along a different trajectory. It is also possible to use sector 8 which passes through to P2.

[0230] In both cases, the force Fi acts on the sectors 8, each of which is arranged transversely to the forming direction D. In the illustrated embodiment, the sector 8 is moved along the direction of the edge forming portion 14. It is moved perpendicular to the direction D.

[0231] In the second position P2, the sector 8 defines a side surface 5 of the variable volume forming region 4, the side surface 5 being The shape of the neck of the preform is that of a portion of the outer surface of the object to be molded.

[0232] As the sector 8 moves from the first position P1 to the second position P2, the first mold part 2 and the second mold part 3 move. The mold parts 3 continue to move towards each other. In particular, the first mold part 2 moves in the mold forming direction D towards the male mold part 3. The forming component moves. The abutment part 16 that contacts the sector 8 also moves in the forming direction D relative to the male forming part 15. The male forming part 15 therefore penetrates between the sectors 8 and then into the recess 70. , forming an object internally.

[0233] FIG. 29 shows the unit quantity 400 deformed by the male forming part reaching the bottom of the recess 70 and forming a preform. During the deformation of the unit amount 400, the intermediate layer 77 also deforms and forms The properties provided by the intermediate layer 77 are thus substantially distributed throughout the entire body of interest. is substantially uniform across the object.

[0234] As shown in FIG. 30, the male forming element 15 As a result of the upward movement of the first mold part 2 and the abutment part 16 (i.e., towards the male forming element 50), , continues through recess 70, and when this occurs, a maximum compressive force is applied to first mold part 2, causing mold 401 in the forming position to obtain the desired object.

[0235] After the preform has cooled sufficiently within the mold 401, the mold is returned to the open position and the preform is The mold is then removed and further processed.

[0236] In the embodiments described so far, the sectors are formed by delimiting the closed forming chamber 17. That is, the first mold part and the second mold part are moved to the second position P2 only after they come into contact with each other. The film was moved transversely to the forming direction D so as to

[0237] However, this condition is not necessary and the first and second mold parts may still be mutually exclusive. Even if the sectors are spaced apart, the volume of the variable volume forming region 4 can be reduced. It is possible to start moving.

[0238] The above example is shown in Figures 31-34, where the sector reaches the second position P2 before closing the mold. 5 shows an alternative modified mold 501.

[0239] In the illustrated embodiment, the mold 501 extracts coffee or are adapted to produce capsules for beverages or other substances intended for the preparation of food However, the same types as those in Figures 31 to 34, especially caps, containers, and pre-assembled containers, It will be appreciated that the present invention can be used to manufacture recessed objects such as preforms.

[0240] The molds 501 also include first molds 502 which are movable relative to each other along a forming direction D, which is vertical in the example shown. It comprises a mold part 502 and a second mold part 503 .

[0241] In the illustrated embodiment, the first mold part 502 is disposed below the second mold part 503. The condition is not mandatory.

[0242] The first mold part 502 is a female mold part, while the second mold part 503 is a male mold part.

[0243] The first mold part 502 may include an end forming section 514 in which a recess 570 is formed. From the outside, the capsule has a bottom wall, e.g. a substantially flat side wall, and a frusto-conical They are arranged to form a sidewall.

[0244] The first mold part 502 further comprises a plurality of sectors 508, for example similar to sectors 8 described above. More specifically, the sector 508 contacts the upper surface of the end forming portion 514 and extends transversely relative to the forming direction D. It is slidable in any direction (especially vertically).

[0245] The end forming portion 514 supports the unit amount 500 of formable material on its top. The support surface 579 is defined by a support surface 579 adapted to receive the Alternatively, they may be arranged transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the forming direction D.

[0246] The support surface 579 surrounds the recess 570 and is interposed between the sectors 508. The support surface 579 is annular. The sector 508 can be moved, for example, by means of a pressing means not shown, as described in the previous variant. The second position P2 is movable between a first position P1 and a second position P2 in a similar manner to the first position P1.

[0247] As sectors 508 move from a first position P1 to a second position P2, the potentials defined between sectors 508 increase. The volume of the variable volume forming region 4 decreases. At the same time, the area of ​​the support surface 579 decreases. In the embodiment, the support surface 579 is configured to form the underside of the capsule flange. , protruding outward from the upper region of the capsule body.

[0248] The sector 508 extends around the side of the flange, i.e., the axis of the capsule, such It is configured to form a flange surface that may be parallel to the axis.

[0249] The second mold part 503 penetrates the recess 570 to form the bottom wall and side wall of the capsule from the inside. The male forming element 515 is adapted to form the formable material in the forming direction D. This allows the material to be compressed in a direction parallel to the axis of curvature.

[0250] The second mold part 503 contacts the first mold part 502, in particular the sector 508, to close the mold 501, i.e. The mold 501 further includes an abutment 516 adapted to define a closed forming chamber 17 within the mold 501. .

[0251] More specifically, each sector 508 is supported by an abutment surface 572 positioned facing the abutment portion 516. It is defined as follows.

[0252] The abutment surface 572 defines a further abutment portion 516 at a location facing the first mold part 502. It is adapted to abut against surface 571 (or front surface).

[0253] The abutment surface 572 and the further abutment surface 571 extend transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the forming direction D. do.

[0254] The abutment 516 surrounds the male forming part 515. In a variant not shown, additional members may be present between the abutment portion 516 and the male forming portion 515.

[0255] The abutment part 516 has a blocking portion 580 that projects from a further abutment surface 571 towards the first mold part 502. The blocking portion 580 has an annular geometric shape, e.g., a circular crown. It can be made into a shape.

[0256] The blocking portion 580 extends transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the forming direction D, e.g., a flat blocking portion. It may be defined by a surface 581.

[0257] The block portion 580 contacts the unit quantity 500 and supports it against the end forming portion 514, among other things. The blocking portion 580 is adapted to press against the support surface 579. More specifically, the blocking portion 580 is adapted to press against the support surface 579 of the unit dose 500. It is intended to block the end area for the end forming portion 514, so that the male forming Even when the portion 515 deforms the unit quantity 500, the unit quantity 500 remains in a center position relative to the recess 570. Remain.

[0258] In operation, the mold 501 is initially in an open position, as shown in Figure 31. 5. The second mold part 502 is spaced from the second mold part 503 so that the unit dose 500 of polymeric material is placed within the mold 501. The unit dose 500 can be inserted, for example, between a first mold part 502 and a second mold part 503. It can be released into the mold 501 by intervening transport elements, not shown.

[0259] In the illustrated embodiment, the unit dose 500 has a multi-layer structure and is shown in FIGS. 27 and 28 as unit dose 4. As already described with reference to 00, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a laminated ... Includes a middle layer.

[0260] The unit portion 500 is supported on a support surface 579 with only its edge region in contact with the first mold part 502; Meanwhile, the central region of the unit portion 500 is initially spaced from the bottom of the recess 570 and is adjacent to the first mold part 502. Do not contact.

[0261] When the unit dose is placed on the support area 579, the intermediate layer is oriented transversely to the forming direction D as follows: Especially vertically arranged.

[0262] In a version not shown, the template 501 has a single layer structure, i.e., a single synthetic polymer. It may also be used in combination with unit doses formed from mer materials.

[0263] The sector 508 is disposed at a first position P1 corresponding to the expanded state C1 of the variable volume forming region 4. At the first position P1, the variable volume forming region 4 has a transverse dimension greater than the transverse dimension of the unit volume 500. cross-sectional dimensions (i.e., measured transversely to the forming direction D). The quantity 500 is placed in the cavity 501 when it is introduced into the mold 501 by supporting it on the support surface 579. 508.

[0264] Subsequently, sector 508 continues to rotate until sector 508 reaches second position P2, as shown in FIG. By applying the respective forces Fi to the sectors 508, the sectors 508 are moved closer to the central region of the variable volume forming region 4. 1 to 7 or by other methods, for example, in the central region of the variable volume forming region 4. The force can be applied by applying a single force directed across each sector 508 .

[0265] Thus, sector 508 begins to deform the edge area of ​​unit quantity 500 .

[0266] When sector 508 reaches second position P2, first mold part 502 is still in contact with second mold part 503. To be precise, the first mold part 502 and the second mold part 503 are still facing each other. It hasn't started to move yet.

[0267] Subsequently, the first mold part 502 and the second mold part 503 begin to move towards each other. This involves moving the first mold part 502 along the forming direction D and moving the second mold part 503 along the forming direction D. This is done by holding the device in a fixed position along the

[0268] 33, the abutment surface 572 of the sector 508 contacts the further abutment surface 572 of the abutment portion 516. This creates a situation where you come into contact with 71.

[0269] At this point, a closed forming chamber 17 is defined between the first mold part 502 and the second mold part 503. can be.

[0270] The blocking portion 580 has a blocking surface 579 that acts on the edge region of the unit quantity 500, and such edge The sectors 508 are inserted between the sectors 508 so as to crush the ridge region and press it against the end forming portion 514. It is being done.

[0271] In fact, the blocking portion 580 is formed when the unit quantity 500 is deformed by the male forming part 515. , the unit quantity 500 remains firmly blocked between the blocking portion 580 and the end forming portion 514. This creates a sort of "stapling" effect on the edge areas of the film.

[0272] The first mold part 502, together with the abutment part 516 against which the first mold part 502 abuts, The male forming element 515 continues to move in forming direction D by approaching the product. 34. The male forming part 515 is then inserted into the recess 570 and positioned in a fixed position along the The unit quantity is also deformed in the central region of the latter until a forming end position is reached. Once the capsule is fully formed and has cooled sufficiently, it can be removed from the mold 501 .

[0273] Clamping the edge region of the unit dose 500 between the block portion 580 and the first mold part 502 When the central region of the unit dose 500 is deformed by the male forming part 515, It is also possible to maintain the unit dose 500 in a centered position relative to the recess 570. If the quantity 500 is a multi-layer structure, the inside of the unit quantity flows to the outside of the unit quantity in the edge region. The interlayer may appear on the outer surface of the formed object and be prevented from being visible on such object. can.

[0274] The block portion 580 that blocks the edge area of ​​the unit portion 500 for the first mold part 503 is A mold in which no sector 508 exists, i.e., in the first mold part 503, transverse to the forming direction D, It can also be used in molds in which forming cavities with fixed dimensions are made. Please note that.

[0275] 1 to 30 as well as variations of the type described with reference to FIGS. 31 to 35. In this type, the forming chamber is closed, i.e., the closed forming chamber 17 is first Even before the sector is defined between the first mold part and the second mold part, the sector is brought to the second position P2. Note that it is possible to start moving the sectors transversely to the formation direction D in order to If the sector is moved before closing the forming chamber, the second position P2 is This can be done before or after the forming chamber 17 is defined.

[0276] In all the mould variants mentioned, the sectors are in the mould section in which they are contained and in the other mould sections. Each section can be moved between a first position and a second position by interaction between the sections. The data includes a sector to displace the sector from a first position to a second position. It may be provided with rollers or a set of levers that interact with the opposing mold section. Thus, the sector associated with the mold part moves between a first position and a second position on the other mold part. In one variation, the sectors can also be moved off-axis from the first position to the second position. can be moved symmetrically, e.g., not oriented at 45° to the direction of the applied force. The trajectories may be the same or may follow trajectories having different lengths.

[0277] The sectors may be, for example, simple actuators that move the sectors in the direction of the applied force. Due to the effect of Eta, the first position and the second position are moved in a different way than those described so far. The second position can be further moved between the first and second positions.

[0278] In the above description, reference is always made to sectors contained in the female part. In an alternative form, the sectors defining the variable volume forming regions may be included in the male part.

[0279] In the above description, the continuous extrudate is cut from the extrusion device. Reference was always made to unit quantities of formable materials, especially synthetic polymeric materials. obtained by cutting a sheet or film of synthetic polymer material in this way, for example. It is also possible to use unit doses of synthetic polymeric materials that can be used.

[0280] Alternatively, the formable material forming the unit dose may be at least partially made of natural fibers, For example, derived from cellulose in the form of powder, granules, or, for example, from certain peanuts. To obtain a flavor, it is supplemented with certain liquid substances or used as a wadding, pre-fort The material may be in the form of a film, a roll, or other element cut from a film.

[0281] In this case, the starting material has a relatively low density to provide a finished product of good quality. , which must be pressed with high compression, because it is made of at least some natural fibers. This means that the initial volume of material being mixed is much larger than the volume of the finished object. Therefore, the first position has a relatively large variable volume forming area, and the second position has a low density material that occupies a lot of space. a first position where the material can be compressed and the finished object can be shaped and sized; It is useful to have a mould with the sectors described above movable between a first position and a second position reached. do.

[0282] In conclusion, the unit doses can be pre-packaged, i.e., separately from the mold (e.g. The molded article can be prepared (by cutting, pressing or otherwise) and inserted into an open mold.

[0283] The methods and apparatus described herein are directed to determining the shape, particularly as measured transversely to the forming direction D. Starting with a unit quantity having a dimension larger than the corresponding lateral dimension of the object being constructed, This makes it possible to obtain objects of good quality.

[0284] In summary, in a first variant of the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming an object. The method comprises: - a first mould section (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and a second mould section (3; 103) located opposite each other; ; 203; 303; 503), the first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103 ; 203; 303; 503) to define a variable volume generating region (4) of the mold, a mold (1; ) comprising a plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) for forming at least a lateral portion of the object; 101; 201; 301; 401; 501), - said first mould part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and said second mould part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503); providing unit quantities (100; 400; 500) of moldable material between The first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) The first mold part and the second mold part are displaced toward each other in the forming direction (D). defining a closed forming chamber (17) between the mold parts; Further, the sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are moved in a direction transverse to the forming direction (D). The method includes a step of reducing the volume of the variable volume generating region (4) by

[0285] The unit quantities (100; 400; 500) of moldable material are applied while the mold is in an open position by: The first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) It is set up in between.

[0286] The closed forming chamber (17) is formed in the first chamber (17) extending transversely to the forming direction (D). Each of the mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) It may be defined by contacting the abutment surfaces (71, 72; 571, 572).

[0287] In a second variant, a method according to the first variant is provided, wherein the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) moves transversely to the forming direction (D) between the expanded state (C1) and the final state (C2). The unit quantities (100; 400; 500) are horizontal units measured perpendicular to the forming direction (D). The lateral dimension is smaller than the lateral dimension of the variable volume forming region (4) in the expanded state (C1). Meanwhile, the first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503).

[0288] In a third variant, a method according to the first or second variant is provided. The step of moving the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) in a direction across the closed This begins before the forming chamber (7) is defined.

[0289] In a fourth variant, a method according to any one of the first to third variants is provided. moving said plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) in a direction transverse to the forming direction (D); starts after the closed forming chamber (7) has been defined.

[0290] In a fifth variant, a method according to the first or second variant is provided. The step of moving the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) in a direction across the closed This begins after the forming chamber (7) has been defined.

[0291] In a sixth variant, a method according to any one of the first to fifth variants is provided. The first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) are connected to the mold. The step of displacing the first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and at least one mold selected from the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503). The first mold section (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the second mold section (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) This is caused by a drive device that moves the sector toward another sector selected from the plurality of sectors. (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are contained within the mold section which is moved by the drive.

[0292] In a seventh variant, a method according to any one of the first to sixth variants is provided. The closed forming chamber (17) comprises the sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) and the Opposite sectors, the second mould section (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) and the first mould section (2; 102; The abutting portion (16; 116; 216; 316; 516) of the mold part selected from the group consisting of 202; 302; 502) is brought into contact with the abutting portion (16; 116; 216; 316; 516) of the mold part. The mold section is defined by the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508). Opposite to the closed forming chamber (17), the abutment (16; 116; 216; 316; 51 6) at least partially surrounded by a forming portion.

[0293] In an eighth variant, a method according to the seventh variant is provided. The abutment surfaces (71, 72; 571, 572) are , including the contact surface (72; 572) of the contact portion (16; 116; 216; 316; 516) and another contact surface (71; 571) The abutment surface (72; 572) and the other abutment surface (71; 571) are arranged to close the forming chamber (17). They come into contact with each other like this.

[0294] In a ninth variant, a method according to the seventh or eighth variant is provided. After the (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) and the abutment portion (16; 116; 216; 316; 516) come into contact with each other, From the first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) At least the selected mold part is moved in the forming direction (D) to form the forming part (15; 11 5; 215; 315; 515) intrudes between the sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) The object is formed.

[0295] In the tenth modification, a method according to any one of the seventh to ninth modifications is provided. The forming portion (15; 115; 215; 315; 515) is a male forming portion (15; 215; 515), and the moldable material The material is between the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) and the male forming portion (15; 215; 515). The flow of the liquid creates the sidewall of the object.

[0296] In an eleventh variant, a method according to the tenth variant is provided. The male forming portion (215) is The second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) is contained within the first mold part (2; 102; 302: 4 02; 502), and the unit amount (100) defines the upper end of the male forming portion (215). The support surface (76) is provided with a support member (76). .

[0297] In the twelfth modification, a method according to any one of the seventh to tenth modifications is provided. In the final forming position, the forming portion (315) extends in the direction transverse to the forming direction (D). defining a chamber (17) and in contact with said plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508), The moldable material is formed into the formation (315) and the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508). Prevents fluid from flowing between the

[0298] In the thirteenth modification, a method according to any one of the first to twelfth modifications is provided. Before starting deformation of the central region of the unit portion (500), the first mold part (2; 102; 302: 402; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) the end region of the unit portion (500) Be blocked.

[0299] In a fourteenth variant, a method according to the thirteenth variant is provided. When the features of the mold are included, the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are the first mold. The end region of the unit amount (500) is included in the first portion (2; 102; 302; 402; 502), The mold part (2; 102; 302; 402; 502) is supported on the mold part (15; 115; 215; 315; 5 15) begins to interact with the end region of the unit dose (500). ; 102; 302; 402; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) do.

[0300] In the fifteenth modification, a method according to the thirteenth modification or a method according to the fourteenth modification including the features of the seventh modification is provided. The plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are connected to the first mold part (2; 102; 302; 402; 502), and the end regions of the unit quantities (500) are connected to the abutment portions (16 ; 116; 216; 316; 516) and the block portion (580) protruding from the first mold portion (2; 102; 302: 40 2; 502) by fixing said unit quantity (500) between the support surface (79; 579) of the A block is formed between the first mold part (2; 102; 302; 402; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503). The plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are locked in the variable volume forming area (4). It is slidable along said support surface (79; 579) to reduce its volume.

[0301] In a sixteenth variant, a method according to the fifteenth variant is provided. The block part (580) is The sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are interposed between the support surface (79; 579). The unit amount (500) is fixed in place.

[0302] In the seventeenth modification, a method according to any one of the first to sixteenth modifications is provided. The plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are arranged so that the volume of the variable volume forming region (4) is maximum. and a second position (P2) where the volume of the variable volume forming region (4) is minimum. The unit amount (100; 400; 500) can be moved in the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) is in the first position (P1), the first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) and the It is provided between two mold parts (3; 103; 203; 303; 503).

[0303] In the eighteenth modification, a method according to any one of the first to seventeenth modifications is provided. The first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) further comprises the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308 ; 508) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) on the opposite side in the forming direction (D). end forming portions (14; 114; 214; 314) defining said closed forming chamber (17) transversely; 514).

[0304] In a 19th variant, a method according to the 18th variant is provided. The plurality of sectors (8; 108; 2 08; 308; 508) contacts the end forming portion (14; 114; 214; 314; 514) while closing the It is slidable in a direction transverse to the forming direction (D) so as to reduce the volume of the forming region (4).

[0305] In a twentieth variant, a method according to the eighteenth or nineteenth variant is provided. The mold section (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) has a forming cavity (24), said forming cavity (24) , the variable volume forming region (4) defined by the plurality of sectors (8; 508), and the end It includes a recess (70) made in the formation (14; 514).

[0306] In a twenty-first variant, a method according to the eighteenth or nineteenth variant is provided. The mold portion (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) is configured to move the end forming portion (14; 114; 214; 314; 514) to the The unit includes a protruding core (73) protruding toward the mold section (3; 103; 203; 303; 503). The quantity (100; 400; 500) of the protruding core (73) in the first mould part (2; 102; 202; 302; 402) Located at the side and not centrally relative to the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) , so that the moldable material is intertwined with the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) and the projections. The flow between the outlet core (73) creates an object with a hole or hollow portion.

[0307] The 22nd variant is a variation of the 21st variant when the 18th variant includes the features of the 17th variant. The protruding core (73) is formed from the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508). from the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) to form the forming part (115). It engages with a guide hole (74) made in it.

[0308] In the twenty-third modification, a method according to any one of the first to twenty-second modifications is provided. Each of the sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) is displaced in a direction transverse to the forming direction (D). By moving the extrusion device, the first pressure applied to the sector (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) Force (F1) and the sector (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) adjacent to the sector (8; 108; 208; 308; 50 8) on said sector (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) in combination with a second force (F2) applied by The volume of the variable volume forming region (4) is reduced under the action of a force applied by the pressure sensor.

[0309] In the 24th variant, a method according to any one of the 1st to 23rd variants is provided. The method includes the steps of extruding the moldable material and continuously extruding the moldable material. and separating unit portions (100; 400; 500) from the continuous extrudate. and transporting the unit amounts (100; 400; 500) into the molds (1; 101; 201; 301; 401; 501). The method further comprises the step of:

[0310] In a twenty-fifth variant, a method according to the twenty-fourth variant is provided, wherein the extrudate comprises at least The polymer material also includes two layers (78, 79), and the unit amounts (400; 500) are applied to the molds (401; 501). When introduced, each of the two layers (78, 79) is directed transversely to the forming direction (D) - preferably forward. The grooves extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of formation.

[0311] In a first variant of the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for forming an object, the apparatus comprising: At least one mold (1; 101; 201; 301; 401; 501), ; 101; 201; 301; 401; 501) are connected to the first mold parts (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502) and second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 403; 503) and said first mold part (2; 102; 2 02; 302; 402; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 403; 503) The variable volume generating area (4) of the mold (1; 101; 201; 301; 401; 501) is defined, and the The device further comprises a plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) forming at least a side surface. Furthermore, the first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 403; 503) along their respective contact surfaces arranged transverse to the forming direction (D). The first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 403; 503) to define a closed forming chamber (17) between said first mold part (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 403; 503) are formed by the above-mentioned forming method. a drive device for driving the dies toward each other along the forming direction (D), D) by moving the sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) across the variable volume. An extrusion means is provided to reduce the volume of the forming region (4).

[0312] In a second variant of the second aspect, there is provided an apparatus according to the first variant of the second aspect. Sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are contained within said first mould part (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502). In rare cases, the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 403; 503) is formed by the plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208 ; 308; 508) to define said closed forming chamber (17). The contact part (16; 116; 216; 316; 516) and the corresponding contact part (16; 116; 216; 316; 516) and a forming portion (15; 115; 215; 315; 515) that is partially surrounded by the forming portion (15; 115). ; 215; 315; 515) and the abutting portion (16; 116; 216; 316; 516) are separated from each other and are opposed to each other. and can be displaced.

[0313] In a third variant of the second aspect, there is provided an apparatus according to the second variant of the second aspect. The mold section blocks the end regions of the unit portion (500) before the deformation of the central region of the unit portion (500) begins. Blocks that fit between multiple sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) to lock It is provided with a locking portion (280).

[0314] In a fourth variant of the second aspect, there is provided a device according to the third variant of the second aspect. The contact portion (280) protrudes from the contact portion (16; 116; 216; 316; 516) to contact the first mold portion ( 2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502) against the support surface (79; 579) of the The plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are fixed and the volume of the variable volume forming region (4) is It is slidable along said support surface (79; 579) so as to reduce

[0315] In the fifth modified example of the second aspect, the second aspect is based on any one of the first to fourth modified examples of the second aspect. The plurality of sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) are connected to the first mould part (2; 102; 202; 302; 402; 502), and said first mould part (2; 102; 202; 302; 502) further comprises a A direction transverse to the forming direction (D) on the opposite side of the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503). and an end forming portion (14; 114; 214; 314; 514) defining said closed forming chamber (17), The protruding core (73) is connected to the sectors (8; 108; 208; 308; 508) at the sides of the protruding core (73). Starting from the unit quantity (100; 400; 500) that is not central to the hole or center, To create an object having a hollow portion, the end forming portion (14; 114; 214; 314; 514) is 2 protrudes towards the mold section (3; 103; 203; 303; 503).

[0316] In a first variant of the third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of forming an object, the method comprising: - providing a mold (501) including a first mold part (502) and a second mold part (503) located opposite each other; and - a unit dose of moldable material (502) is placed between the first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503); 00), - The first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503) are pressed together by a compression molding means. The first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503) are moved toward each other in the forming direction (D). and positioning the first casting before starting deformation of the central region of the unit portion (500). The single mold part (2; 102; 302; 402; 502) and the second mold part (3; 103; 203; 303; 503) are connected to each other. The end regions of the fraction (500) are blocked.

[0317] In a first variant of the third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method according to the first variant of the third aspect of the invention. The first mold part (502) includes a forming cavity (24) and the end of the unit portion (500) The area is spaced apart from the bottom of the forming cavity (24) by the first mold part (502) and the It is blocked between the second mold part (503).

[0318] In the third modification of the third aspect of the present invention, the first modification or the second modification of the third aspect of the present invention is The second mold part (503) is formed by joining the first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503). 103) in contact with the first mold part (502) to define a closed forming chamber (17) between them. The second mold part (503) is provided with an abutment part (516) that fits to the second mold part (503) at least by the abutment part (516). The forming portion (515) is partially surrounded by the abutting portion (516), and the forming portion (515) and the abutting portion (516) are Separate from each other and displaceable relative to each other, said unit quantities (500) are a block portion (280) that projects and pushes the unit portion (500) against the first mold portion (502); The first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503) are blocked by the

[0319] In a first variant of the fourth aspect of the present invention, an object is formed from unit quantities (500) of moldable material. The apparatus includes a first mold part (502) and a second mold part (503) located opposite each other. At least one mold including a mold part (503) and a molding method for molding an object from said unit dose (500) by compression molding. The first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503) are arranged to face each other in a forming direction to form a body. A drive device for displacing the first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503) is provided. 03) is selected from the mold part and the other mold part while the unit dose (500) is being molded. The first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503) are arranged to block the unit doses from contacting each other. and engaging an end region of said unit dose (500) against another mold part selected from It has a block portion (280) intended.

[0320] In a second variant of the fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus according to the first variant of the fourth aspect of the invention. The block part (280) is contained within the second mold part (503), and the first mold part (502) is This is the female mold part.

[0321] In a third variant of the fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus according to the second variant of the fourth aspect of the invention. The second mold part (503) is closed between the first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503). The first mold part (502) is adapted to contact the first mold part (502) to define a forming chamber (17) therebetween. The second mold part (503) is at least partially supported by the abutment part (516). The forming portion (515) and the abutting portion (516) are separated from each other. and the unit quantities (500) are displaceable relative to each other, and the unit quantities (500) protrude from the abutment portions (516) and The block portion (280) presses the unit portion (500) against the first mold portion (502). It is blocked between the first mold part (502) and the second mold part (503).

Claims

1. 1. A method of forming an object, comprising: - a first mould part and a second mould part located opposite each other, and a mould between said first mould part and said second mould part; a variable volume generating region of the mold, the variable volume generating region being included in one of the mold sections, and the variable volume generating region being included in at least one of the mold sections, ... providing a mold including a plurality of sectors for forming a part; - a unitary distance between the first and second mold parts while the mold is in the open position providing a quantity of moldable material; - displacing the first and second mould parts towards each other in a forming direction; The first and second mold parts extend transversely to the forming direction. a closed forming chamber between the first and second mold parts by contacting the contact surfaces of the first and second mold parts; defining a member; Further, the sector is moved in a direction transverse to the forming direction to adjust the variable volume. a step of reducing the generation area; The mold moves the moldable material in a forming direction by entering the variable volume generating region. a forming portion that compresses the method.

2. 10. The method of claim 1, the plurality of sectors define sides of the variable volume forming region; The plurality of sectors are arranged at a first position where the volume of the variable volume forming region is maximum, and at a second position where the volume of the variable volume forming region is maximum. a second position at which the volume forming region has a minimum volume; The unit dose is applied to the first mold part and the second mold part while the plurality of sectors are in the first position. Between the first mold part and the second mold part, method.

3. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, The closed forming chamber is formed from the plurality of sectors, the first mold part, and the second mold part. The sectors are then brought into contact with the abutting portions of the mold portions selected from the above, and the sectors are then made to face each other. It is defined as The forming portion is included in the mold portion facing the plurality of sectors, and the abutment portion placed inside, method.

4. 4. The method of claim 3, After the sectors and the abutment portions come into contact with each other, the first mold portion and the second mold portion one mold part selected from is further displaced in the forming direction, so that the forming part forming the object by penetrating between the plurality of sectors; method.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the forming portion is a male forming portion, The moldable material flows between the sectors and the male forming portion to form a Generate the side walls of the object. method.

6. 6. The method of claim 5, the male mold forming portion is provided below the first mold portion, the unit dose is provided on a support surface that defines an upper end of the male forming portion; method.

7. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein at the final forming position, the forming portion is a forming chamber defining a closed forming chamber transverse to the forming direction and contacting the plurality of sectors; to prevent the moldable material from flowing between the formation and the plurality of sectors. How to stop it.

8. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first mold part further comprises: defining the closed forming chamber transverse to the forming direction on an opposite side to the mold section; The method includes an end former.

9. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of sectors are in contact with the end formation. slidable in a direction transverse to the forming direction to reduce the volume of the closed forming chamber That's the method.

10. 10. The method of claim 8 or 9, the first mold part has a forming cavity; the forming cavity includes the variable volume forming region defined by the plurality of sectors; , including a recess made in the end forming portion; method.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, The first mold part has a protruding core protruding from the end forming part toward the second mold part. Preparation, The unit amount is set to the plurality of sectors on the side of the protruding core in the first mold part. a plurality of sectors and a plurality of sectors, the plurality of sectors being provided at a non-central location such that the moldable material is interleaved with the plurality of sectors and the plurality of sectors; and a protruding core to generate an object having a hole or hollow portion. method.

12. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the protruding core is formed from the plurality of sectors into the second casting. projecting into the mold section to engage with a guide hole made in the forming section.

13. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of sectors has the shape a first force applied to the sector by the extrusion device by moving the sector in a direction transverse to the direction of extrusion; and a second force applied to the sector by a sector adjacent to the sector. and reducing the volume of the closed forming chamber under the action of a force applied by the

14. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, Extruding the moldable material to produce a continuous extrudate of moldable material. Stages and Separating unit portions from the continuous extrudate; transporting said unit dose into said mold; and Optionally, the extrudate comprises at least two layers of polymeric material; When the unit dose is introduced into the mold, each of the two layers is extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the forming direction, method.

15. 15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, The plurality of sectors are configured to change the forming direction between the expanded state and the final state of the variable volume forming region. It can move in the direction transverse to the direction The unit amount is a quantity of the first mold part and the second mold part while the sectors are in the expanded state. and discharged between the second mold section and the The unit amount is smaller than a lateral dimension of the variable volume forming region in the expanded state. and having a lateral dimension of The lateral dimensions of the unit quantity and the lateral dimensions of the variable volume forming region in the expanded state is measured perpendicular to the forming direction; method.

16. 16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, providing a unit quantity of moldable material between the first mold part and the second mold part; The unit amount is placed at one position on a mold part selected from the first mold part and the second mold part. placing the At the one position, the unit amount is at least partially taken up by the plurality of sectors. surrounded by and spaced apart from the plurality of sectors, Next, the plurality of sectors are moved in a direction transverse to the forming direction to form the unit Contact with the amount method.

17. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sectors are arranged in a direction parallel to the forming direction. The step of moving in a transverse direction may commence before the closed forming chamber is defined, and may optionally Optionally, the method terminates before the closed forming chamber is defined.

18. 17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sectors are arranged in a direction parallel to the forming direction. the transverse moving step is initiated after the closed forming chamber is defined. method.

19. 19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the first mold part and the second mold part are The step of displacing the first mold part and the second mold part toward each other in the forming direction includes: At least one mold part selected from the first mold part and the second mold part is the other mold section, the plurality of sectors are contained within the mold section that is moved by the drive device; method.

20. 20. The method according to claim 1, wherein the unit amount is changed through deformation of a central region of the unit amount. blocking end regions of the unit portion between the first mold part and the second mold part before sipping; The method further comprising the step of:

21. 21. The method of claim 20, the first mold part has a forming cavity; The end region of the unit portion is spaced from the bottom of the forming cavity. blocked between the first mold part and the second mold part; method.

22. 22. The method of claim 20 or 21, the plurality of sectors are contained within the first mold part; The end region of the unit portion is placed on the first mold part, and the forming portion is The first mold part and the second mold part are then joined together prior to initiating interaction with the end region of the unit portion. Blocked between the department, method.

23. The method according to any one of claims 3 and 20 to 22, the plurality of sectors are contained within the first mold part; The end region of the unit portion is formed by a block portion protruding from the abutment portion and the first mold portion. the first mold part and the second mold part by fixing the unit dose between the support surface of the Blocked between the department and The plurality of sectors are attached to the support surface so as to reduce the volume of the variable volume forming region. It is slidable along method.

24. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the block portion intervenes between the plurality of sectors. wherein said unit dose is secured against said support surface by applying pressure to said unit dose.

25. An apparatus for forming an object, the apparatus comprising: at least one mold; The at least one mold includes first and second mold parts located opposite each other; A variable volume generating region of the mold is included in either the first mold part or the second mold part. and including a plurality of sectors forming at least a side of the object; The apparatus further includes a first mold part and a second mold part disposed transversely to a forming direction. between the first and second mold parts in contact with each other along their respective contact surfaces. the first mold part and the second mold part are moved in the forming direction to define a closed forming chamber. a drive device for driving the The device further moves the sector transversely to the forming direction to change the variable an extrusion means for reducing the volume of the volume forming region; Device.

26. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, The first mold part further includes a second mold part extending in a direction transverse to the forming direction on an opposite side to the second mold part. an end forming portion defining the closed forming chamber toward the end of the nozzle; The protruding core is centered relative to the plurality of sectors on the side of the protruding core within the first mold part. Starting from a unit quantity that is not located at a position, an object having a hole or hollow portion is generated. Therefore, the end portion protrudes from the end forming portion toward the second mold portion. Device.

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