Pulp composition

Abstract

To provide a new pulp composition having oil resistance and / or water resistance.SOLUTION: A pulp composition comprising a wax and a pulp substrate, wherein the wax is a hydrocarbonaceous wax and the pulp substrate comprises a bagasse pulp.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to pulp compositions, particularly pulp compositions that are oil and / or water resistant. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses that a composition containing a sugar fatty acid ester and hemicellulose or lignin can be used to improve the barrier function of cellulosic materials.

[0003] In the composition described in Patent Document 1, sugar fatty acid ester is an essential component, and the use of other components in place of sugar fatty acid ester is not investigated. Furthermore, there is no disclosure that the composition exhibits excellent oil resistance or water resistance. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] WO2021 / 019468 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The present disclosure aims to provide novel pulp compositions that are oil and / or water resistant. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The present disclosure includes the following aspects: [Section 1] A pulp composition comprising a wax and a pulp base material, the wax is a hydrocarbon wax, A pulp composition, wherein the pulp base material comprises bagasse pulp. [Section 2] Item 2. The pulp composition according to Item 1, wherein the wax is at least one selected from the group consisting of paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax. [Section 3] Item 3. The pulp composition according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the melting point of the wax is 40°C or higher and 120°C or lower. [Section 4] 4. The pulp composition according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the amount of the wax is 0.5% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less based on the pulp base material. [Section 5] 5. The pulp composition according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the amount of the bagasse pulp in the pulp base material is 20% by weight or more and 100% by weight or less. [Section 6] Item 6. The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 5, wherein the pulp composition contains a dispersant. [Section 7] Item 7. The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 6, wherein the pulp composition contains a paper-making chemical combination. [Section 8] 8. The pulp composition according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the pulp composition contains at least one selected from the group consisting of a sizing agent and a paper strength agent. [Section 9] Item 9. The pulp composition according to any one of Items 1 to 8, wherein the pulp composition contains aluminum sulfate. [Section 10] Item 10. A molded pulp product molded from the pulp composition according to any one of items 1 to 9. [Section 11] Item 11. The molded pulp product according to Item 10, which is used for food contact. [Section 12] 1. A method for producing a pulp composition, comprising treating a pulp substrate with a repellent comprising wax, the wax is a hydrocarbon wax, The method for producing a pulp composition, wherein the pulp base material comprises bagasse pulp. [Section 13] Item 13. The method for producing a pulp composition according to Item 12, wherein the wax is at least one selected from the group consisting of paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] The pulp compositions of the present disclosure may have excellent oil and / or water resistance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0008] <Pulp composition> The pulp composition of the present disclosure includes a wax and a pulp base material. The pulp composition of the present disclosure may have excellent oil and / or water resistance, preferably both.

[0009] The pulp composition of the present disclosure is obtained by adding a wax to a pulp base material. The pulp composition may be obtained by treating the pulp base material with a repellent containing a wax, and the amount of repellent added and the composition of the repellent may be adjusted so that each component is present in a desired amount. Each component that may be contained in the repellent may be added to the pulp composition as a separate additive.

[0010] The pulp composition of the present disclosure may not contain any compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a fluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a fluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group, a compound having a fluoroalkyl group, and a compound having a fluorine atom. The pulp composition of the present disclosure can impart liquid repellency to a substrate even without containing these fluorine compounds.

[0011] The pH of the pulp composition may be 3 to 10, for example, 5 to 9, particularly 6 to 8, and the amount of each component may be adjusted to achieve such a pH.

[0012] [Pulp base material] The pulp composition includes a pulp base material. The pulp base material is composed of pulp, which may be wood pulp, non-wood pulp, recycled paper pulp, etc., and includes at least bagasse pulp.

[0013] [Wood pulp] Wood pulp includes softwood kraft pulp obtained from species such as fir and pine, and hardwood kraft pulp obtained from species such as acacia, eucalyptus, beech, and poplar (e.g., poplar). Examples of softwood kraft pulp include unbleached softwood kraft pulp (NUKP), bleached softwood pulp (NBKP), semi-bleached softwood kraft pulp (NSBKP), and softwood sulfite pulp. Examples of hardwood kraft pulp include unbleached hardwood kraft pulp (LUKP), bleached hardwood kraft pulp (LBKP), semi-bleached hardwood kraft pulp (LSBKP), and hardwood sulfite pulp. The pulps used may be used alone or in combination. In addition to kraft pulp, there are softwood kraft pulp and hardwood kraft pulp, as well as mechanical pulps such as stone ground pulp (SGP), pressurized stone ground pulp (PGW), refiner ground pulp (RGP), thermoground pulp (TGP), chemiground pulp (CGP), groundwood pulp (GP), and thermomechanical pulp (TMP).Furthermore, waste paper pulp includes disintegrated waste paper pulp, disintegrated and deinked waste paper pulp, and disintegrated, deinked, and bleached waste paper pulp, which are produced from brown paper, recycled kraft envelope paper, magazine paper, newspaper paper, flyer paper, office paper, corrugated cardboard, white paper, Kent paper, imitation paper, and land certificate paper.

[0014] [Non-wood pulp] Examples of non-wood pulp include pulp obtained from bagasse, kenaf, bamboo, linter, cotton, linen, hemp, ramie, straw, esparto, Manila hemp, sisal hemp, jute, flax, ganpi, mitsumata, and kozo, among others. Of these, bagasse, kenaf, bamboo, and linter are preferred, and bagasse is more preferred.

[0015] [Pulp fiber length] From the viewpoint of improving oil resistance, the average fiber length of the pulp is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.3 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.5 mm or more, and from the viewpoint of ease of production, it is preferably 5.0 mm or less, more preferably 4.0 mm or less, even more preferably 3.0 mm or less, particularly preferably 2.0 mm or less, and most preferably 1.2 mm or less.

[0016] [Pulp fiber width] From the viewpoint of improving oil resistance, the average fiber diameter of the pulp is preferably 5 μm or more, more preferably 10 μm or more, even more preferably 15 μm or more, and is preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 40 μm or less, even more preferably 30 μm or less.

[0017] [Composition of pulp base material] The amount of bagasse pulp in the pulp base material may be more than 0% by weight, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 40% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, or 70% by weight or more, and is preferably 20% by weight or more, and may be 100% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less, for example, 80% by weight or less.

[0018] The total amount of pulp other than bagasse in the pulp base material may be 0% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 40% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, or 70% by weight or more, and may be 99% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less.

[0019] The amount of wood pulp in the pulp base material may be 0% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 40% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, or 70% by weight or more, and may be 99% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, or 10% by weight or less.

[0020] [Pulp base material form] The form of the pulp base material when wax is added may be pulp alone, pulp slurry, pulp products, etc., and specific examples include pulps such as bleached or unbleached chemical pulps such as kraft pulp and sulfite pulp, bleached or unbleached high-yield pulps such as groundwood pulp, mechanical pulp, and thermomechanical pulp; pulp slurries containing the above pulps; and pulp products such as paper, paper containers, and pulp molded products.

[0021] [Amount of pulp base material] The amount of the pulp base material in the pulp composition may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 1% by weight or more, 3% by weight or more, 5% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 75% by weight or more, or 90% by weight or more, and may be 99% by weight or less, 75% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 5% by weight or less, 4% by weight or less, or 3% by weight or less. Typically, when the pulp composition is prepared by internal addition, the amount of the pulp base material in the pulp composition is 30% by weight or less, and when the pulp composition is prepared by external addition, the amount of the pulp base material in the pulp composition may be 75% by weight or more.

[0022] The amount of the pulp base material may be 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, 80% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, 95% by weight or more, or 99% by weight or more in the pulp composition excluding the liquid medium, and may be 99.9% by weight or less, 95% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 85% by weight or less, 75% by weight or less, 65% by weight or less, or 55% by weight or less.

[0023] [Liquid medium] The pulp composition may include a liquid medium, which may be water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent, typically an aqueous medium, particularly water, and may include a liquid medium derived from a repellent agent.

[0024] [Amount of liquid medium] The amount of the liquid medium in the pulp composition may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 1% by weight or more, 3% by weight or more, 5% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 75% by weight or more, 90% by weight or more, or 95% by weight or more, and may be 99% by weight or less, 75% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 5% by weight or less, 4% by weight or less, or 3% by weight or less. Typically, when the pulp composition is prepared by internal addition, the amount of the liquid medium in the pulp composition is 50% by weight or more, particularly 90% by weight or more, and when the pulp composition is prepared by external addition, the amount of the liquid medium in the pulp composition is 30% by weight or less, particularly 10% by weight or less.

[0025] 〔wax〕 The pulp composition contains wax, particularly hydrocarbon wax. For details of the types of wax, please refer to the explanation of wax in the section on "Repellents."

[0026] [Amount of wax] The amount of wax may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.3% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 0.75% by weight or more, 1.0% by weight or more, 2.0% by weight or more, or 3.0% by weight or more, preferably 0.5% by weight or more, and may be 25% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 15% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 7.5% by weight or less, 5.0% by weight or less, 4.0% by weight or less, 3.0% by weight or less, 2.0% by weight or less, 1.0% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, for example, 15% by weight or less, 5.0% by weight or less, or 3.0% by weight or less.

[0027] The wax may be added externally to the surface of a pulp substrate (e.g., a pulp product such as paper, a paper container, or a pulp molded product), and the amount of wax contained in the coating layer formed by the external addition treatment is 0.01 g / m 2 More than 0.03g / m 2 More than 0.05g / m 2 More than 0.1g / m 2 More than 0.3g / m 2 More than 0.5g / m 2 or more, or 1.0 g / m 2 or more, and 5.0 g / m 2 Below 4.0g / m 2 Below 3.0g / m 2 Below 2.0g / m 2 Below 1.0g / m 2 Below 0.5g / m 2 Below 0.3g / m 2 or less, or 0.1 g / m 2 It may be the following:

[0028] [Dispersant] The pulp composition may contain a dispersant. For details of the types of dispersants, please refer to the explanation of dispersants in the section on "Repellent Agents."

[0029] [Amount of dispersant] The amount of dispersant may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.3% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 0.75% by weight or more, 1.0% by weight or more, 2.0% by weight or more, or 3.0% by weight or more, and may be 10% by weight or less, 7.5% by weight or less, 5.0% by weight or less, 4.0% by weight or less, 3.0% by weight or less, 2.0% by weight or less, 1.0% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, preferably 5.0% by weight or less, more preferably 3.0% by weight or less, based on the pulp base material.

[0030] [Paper strength agent] The pulp composition may include a strength agent. Examples of strength agents include: Polyacrylamide-based paper strength agents such as cationic polyacrylamide, anionic polyacrylamide, and amphoteric polyacrylamide; polysaccharide-based paper strength agents such as starch, enzyme-modified starch, thermochemically modified starch, oxidized starch, esterified starch, etherified starch (e.g., hydroxyethylated starch), aldehyde starch, cationized starch, starch, xanthan gum, karaya gum, welan gum, guar gum, pectin, tamarind gum, carrageenan, chitosan, gum arabic, locust bean gum, cellulose, alginic acid, agar, dextran, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, chitin nanofiber, cellulose nanofiber, and pullulan, and modified polysaccharides thereof (e.g., modified polysaccharides into which hydroxyl groups or cationic groups have been introduced); Polyamide-based paper strength agents such as polyamide resins, polyamine resins, polyamide-polyamine resins, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins, polyamide-polyamine-epichlorohydrin resins, polyamide-polyurea-formaldehyde resins, and epoxidized polyamide resins; Urea / melamine-based paper strength agents such as urea resin, melamine resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, and melamine-formaldehyde resin; polyvinyl alcohol-based paper strength agents such as polyvinyl alcohol, fully saponified polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol, carboxyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, silanol-modified polyvinyl alcohol, cation-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and terminal alkyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol; Examples include styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylic ester, fatty acid diamide, polyethyleneimine resin, and ketone aldehyde resin. The paper strength agent in the present disclosure is preferably a polyacrylamide-based paper strength agent, a polysaccharide-based paper strength agent, or a polyamide-based paper strength agent.

[0031] [Amount of paper strength agent] The amount of the paper strength agent may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.3% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 0.75% by weight or more, 1.0% by weight or more, 2.0% by weight or more, or 3.0% by weight or more, and may be 10% by weight or less, 7.5% by weight or less, 5.0% by weight or less, 4.0% by weight or less, 3.0% by weight or less, 2.0% by weight or less, 1.0% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, and is preferably 5.0% by weight or less, based on the pulp.

[0032] [Sizing agent] The pulp composition may contain a sizing agent. Examples of the sizing agent include cationic sizing agents, anionic sizing agents, neutral sizing agents, and amphoteric sizing agents, such as rosin-based sizing agents (e.g., acidic rosin-based sizing agents and neutral rosin-based sizing agents), alkyl ketene dimers, and alkenyl succinic anhydrides.

[0033] [Amount of sizing agent] The amount of sizing agent may be 0.1% by weight or more, 0.2% by weight or more, 0.3% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 0.75% by weight or more, 1.0% by weight or more, 2.0% by weight or more, or 3.0% by weight or more, and may be 10% by weight or less, 7.5% by weight or less, 5.0% by weight or less, 4.0% by weight or less, 3.0% by weight or less, 2.0% by weight or less, 1.0% by weight or less, 0.75% by weight or less, or 0.5% by weight or less, based on the pulp.

[0034] [Other additives] In addition to the above, the pulp composition may contain other additives such as known paper additives used in the production of pulp products, such as fixing agents (aluminum sulfate, etc.), coagulants / flocculants (polyamine resins, etc.), retention aids (polyacrylamide resins, etc.), organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid, etc.), dyes, slime control agents, and defoamers.

[0035] [Amount of other additives] The amount of the other additives may be 0.01% by weight or more, 0.1% by weight or more, 1% by weight or more, 3% by weight or more, or 5% by weight or more, and may be 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 5% by weight or less, 3% by weight or less, or 1% by weight or less, based on the pulp base material.

[0036] <Repellent> The repellent agent in the present disclosure can be adhered to a substrate (particularly a pulp substrate) to impart liquid repellency, such as water resistance, oil resistance, water repellency, oil repellency, and / or stain resistance, to the substrate, and can also function as a water resistance agent, oil resistance agent, water repellent agent, oil repellent agent, and / or stain resistance agent.

[0037] The repellent of the present disclosure contains a wax, particularly a hydrocarbon wax, as an active ingredient. The wax may be used as a repellent by itself or in combination with other ingredients as described below.

[0038] The repellent agent of the present disclosure may not contain any compound selected from the group consisting of a compound having a fluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group having 8 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a fluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms, a compound having a perfluoroalkyl group, a compound having a fluoroalkyl group, and a compound having a fluorine atom. The repellent agent of the present disclosure can impart liquid repellency to a substrate even if it does not contain these fluorine compounds.

[0039] The volumetric abundance ratio of particles of 100 μm or larger in the repellent of the present disclosure, as measured by laser diffraction scattering, may be 0.1% or larger, 0.3% or larger, 0.5% or larger, 1% or larger, 1.5% or larger, 3% or larger, 4% or larger, 5% or larger, or 10% or larger, or may be 50% or smaller, 30% or smaller, 20% or smaller, 15% or smaller, 10% or smaller, 5% or smaller, 3% or smaller, or 1.5% or smaller. The method for achieving the volumetric abundance ratio of particles of 1 μm or larger, as measured by laser diffraction scattering, within the above range is not limited, and may be, for example, by using a grinder, homogenizer, or the like to micronize the particles in the raw material and / or dispersion.

[0040] The volume median diameter of the repellent agent of the present disclosure, as measured by a laser diffraction scattering method, may be 0.01 μm or more, 0.05 μm or more, 0.1 μm or more, 0.2 μm or more, 0.3 μm or more, 0.4 μm or more, 0.5 μm or more, or 0.6 μm or more, or may be 10 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 1 μm or less, 0.9 μm or less, 0.8 μm or less, 0.7 μm or less, 0.6 μm or less, 0.5 μm or less, 0.4 μm or less, 0.3 μm or less, or 0.2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. In the present disclosure, the volume median diameter refers to the median diameter (D50) in the volume-based particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction scattering method.

[0041] The average particle size obtained from a scanning electron microscope image of particles obtained by removing the liquid medium from a water-dispersed composition of the present disclosure (e.g., an oil-resistant agent for pulp) by natural drying at room temperature may be 0.01 μm or more, 0.05 μm or more, 0.1 μm or more, 0.2 μm or more, 0.3 μm or more, 0.4 μm or more, 0.5 μm or more, or 0.6 μm or more, or 10 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 1 μm or less, 0.9 μm or less, 0.8 μm or less, 0.7 μm or less, 0.6 μm or less, 0.5 μm or less, 0.4 μm or less, 0.3 μm or less, or 0.2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. To achieve a particle size within the above range, for example, a grinder, homogenizer, or the like may be used to micronize the particles in the raw material and / or dispersion. The room temperature is 20°C to 30°C, particularly 25°C.

[0042] The ionic charge density in the repellent of the present disclosure may be -1000 μeq / g or more, -800 μeq / g or more, -600 μeq / g or more, -500 μeq / g or more, -400 μeq / g or more, -250 μeq / g or more, -100 μeq / g or more, -50 μeq / g or more, -25 μeq / g or more, 0 μeq / g or more, 1 μeq / g or more, 25 μeq / g or more, 50 μeq / g or more, 100 μeq / g or more, 200 μeq / g or more, preferably -600 μeq / g or more, for example -400 μeq / g The ionic charge density may be q / g or more, -200 μeq / g or more, or -50 μeq / g or more, and may be 5000 μeq / g or less, 2500 μeq / g or less, 1000 μeq / g or less, 750 μeq / g or less, 500 μeq / g or less, 400 μeq / g or less, 350 μeq / g or less, 300 μeq / g or less, 200 μeq / g or less, 100 μeq / g or less, or 50 μeq / g or less, preferably 1000 μeq / g or less, more preferably 500 μeq / g or less, for example, 300 μeq / g or less. In particular, the ionic charge density of the repellent of the present disclosure is preferably -600 μeq / g or more and 100 μeq / g or less. The ionic charge density of the repellent of the present disclosure can be measured, for example, by the following method.

[0043] A sample liquid with a solid content of 0.1 g / L is used to measure the anion demand using a particle charge meter (BTG MUTEK PCD-06) with a 1 / 1000 N potassium polyvinyl sulfonate solution, and the ionic charge density (cationic charge density) is calculated using the following formula (1). Alternatively, the cation demand is measured in the same way using a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride solution instead of potassium polyvinyl sulfonate, and the ionic charge density (anionic charge density) is calculated using the following formula (1). Ionic charge density (μeq / g) = A / B (1) A: Cation demand or anion demand (μeq / L) B: Sample liquid concentration (g / L)

[0044] 〔wax〕 The repellent of the present disclosure includes wax, particularly hydrocarbon wax. The wax may be an organic substance that is solid at room temperature and becomes liquid when heated. For example, the wax may be a hydrocarbon compound or a compound having a hydrocarbon group (e.g., an alkyl group) having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.

[0045] The waxes of the present disclosure can be adhered to a substrate (particularly a pulp substrate) to impart liquid repellency, such as water resistance, oil resistance, water repellency, oil repellency, and / or stain resistance, to the substrate.

[0046] [Wax characteristics, etc.] Possible properties of the wax are listed below.

[0047] The wax may be in a particulate (powder) form. The average particle size of the wax may be 0.01 μm or more, 0.05 μm or more, 0.1 μm or more, 0.2 μm or more, 0.3 μm or more, 0.4 μm or more, 0.5 μm or more, or 0.6 μm or more, or 10 μm or less, 5 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 1 μm or less, 0.9 μm or less, 0.8 μm or less, 0.7 μm or less, 0.6 μm or less, 0.5 μm or less, 0.4 μm or less, 0.3 μm or less, or 0.2 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. The above particle size is the primary particle size. A particle size within the above range can provide excellent particle stability and good liquid repellency. The average particle size can be measured using a microscope (scanning electron microscope). Specifically, a wax particle sample is observed under a microscope at an arbitrary magnification. Next, if the particle shape is spherical, the diameter is considered to be the particle size, and if it is non-spherical, the average of the longest and shortest diameters is considered to be the particle size. By measuring the particle size of all particles present within the field of view, then moving the field of view and measuring the particle size again, the particle size is measured at 100 or more points, and the average value is considered to be the average particle size.

[0048] The HD (n-hexadecane) contact angle of the wax may be 10° or more, 20° or more, 25° or more, 30° or more, 35° or more, 40° or more, 45° or more, 50° or more, 55° or more, 60° or more, or 65° or more, preferably 25° or more, more preferably 30° or more, and may be 100° or less, 90° or less, or 75° or less. When the wax has an HD contact angle equal to or greater than the above lower limit, it can impart good liquid repellency (especially oil repellency) to the substrate. The HD contact angle is the static contact angle of the wax with a spin-coated film, and is obtained by dropping 2 μL of HD onto the spin-coated film and measuring the contact angle 1 second after the drop lands.

[0049] The water contact angle of the wax may be 35° or more, 40° or more, 45° or more, 50° or more, 55° or more, 65° or more, 75° or more, 85° or more, 90° or more, or 100° or more, and may be 160° or less, 140° or less, 130° or less, 120° or less, 110° or less, 100° or less, or 90° or less. When the wax has a water contact angle equal to or greater than the above lower limit, it can impart good liquid repellency (particularly water repellency) to the substrate. The water contact angle is the static contact angle of the wax with respect to a spin-coated film, and is obtained by dropping 2 μL of water onto the spin-coated film and measuring the contact angle 1 second after the drop lands.

[0050] The wax may be a low molecular weight (for example, a molecular weight of 1000 or less, or 500 or less) or a polymer. When the wax is a polymer, its weight average molecular weight may be 1000 or more, 3000 or more, 5000 or more, 7500 or more, 10000 or more, 30000 or more, 100000 or more, 300000 or more, or 500000 or more, or may be 10000000 or less, 75000000 or less, 50000000 or less, 3000000 or less, 1000000 or less, 750000 or less, 500000 or less, 300000 or less, 1 ... or less, 50000 or less, 300000 or less, 100000 or less, 75000 or less, 50000 or less, 300000 or less, 100000 or less, 75000 or less, 50000 or less, 30000 or less, 100000 or less, 75000 or less, 50000 or less, 30000 or less, 100000 or less, 75000 or less, 50000 or less, 30000 or less, 100000 or less, 75000 or less, 50

[0051] The melting point of the wax may be 30° C. or higher, 40° C. or higher, 60° C. or higher, 80° C. or higher, 100° C. or higher, or 120° C. or higher, preferably 40° C. or higher, and may be 250° C. or lower, 225° C. or lower, 200° C. or lower, 150° C. or lower, 130° C. or lower, 120° C. or lower, 110° C. or lower, 100° C. or lower, 80° C. or lower, or 50° C. or lower, preferably 120° C. or lower. The melting point of the wax may be measured in accordance with JIS K 2235-1991.

[0052] [Type of wax, etc.] The wax in the present disclosure is a hydrocarbon wax, examples of which include petroleum waxes such as paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, montan wax, ozokerite wax, ceresin wax, and petrolatum wax; and synthetic waxes such as Fischer-Tropsch wax, polyethylene wax, and polypropylene wax; and preferably paraffin wax or microcrystalline wax.

[0053] [Amount of wax] The amount of wax in the repellent may be 0.01% by weight or more, 0.5% by weight or more, 1% by weight or more, 3% by weight or more, 5% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 20% by weight or more, 30% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 70% by weight or more, or 80% by weight or more, and may be 95% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, 80% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 40% by weight or less, 30% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, 10% by weight or less, 5% by weight or less, or 3% by weight or less. Wax alone may be used as the repellent.

[0054] [Dispersant] The repellent according to the present disclosure may include a dispersant. The dispersant may be at least one selected from an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant. The dispersant may be at least one selected from an anionic dispersant, a nonionic dispersant, a cationic dispersant, an amphoteric dispersant, and an inorganic dispersant.

[0055] As the dispersant, an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant may be used individually, or a combination of an organic dispersant and an inorganic dispersant may be used.

[0056] An organic dispersant may be used as the dispersant. The organic dispersant can be classified into a nonionic dispersant, an anionic dispersant, a cationic dispersant, and an amphoteric dispersant, and the organic dispersant may refer to a surfactant.

[0057] The dispersant may be fluorine-free.

[0058] [Nonionic dispersant] The dispersant may include a nonionic dispersant, which may be a nonionic surfactant.

[0059] The nonionic dispersant may be a low molecular weight or a high molecular weight dispersant, and may have a molecular weight of 100 or more, 500 or more, 1000 or more, 2000 or more, 4000 or more, or 6000 or more, and may be 100,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 7,500 or less, 5,000 or less, 25,000 or less, 750 or less, or 250 or less.

[0060] Examples of nonionic dispersants include ethers, esters, ester ethers, alkanolamides, polyols and amine oxides.

[0061] An example of an ether is a compound having an oxyalkylene group (preferably a polyoxyethylene group).

[0062] An example of the ester is an ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid. An example of the alcohol is a mono- to trideca-hydric (particularly di- to deca-hydric) alcohol (e.g., aliphatic alcohol) having 1 to 50 carbon atoms (particularly 10 to 30 carbon atoms). An example of the fatty acid is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0063] An example of an ester ether is a compound in which an alkylene oxide (particularly ethylene oxide) is added to an ester of an alcohol and a fatty acid. An example of an alcohol is a mono- to trideca-hydric (particularly di- to deca-hydric) alcohol (e.g., aliphatic alcohol) having 1 to 50 carbon atoms (particularly 3 to 30 carbon atoms). An example of a fatty acid is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 5 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0064] An example of an alkanolamide is formed from a fatty acid and an alkanolamine. The alkanolamide may be a monoalkanolamide or a dialkanolamine. An example of a fatty acid is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 5 to 30 carbon atoms. The alkanolamine may be an alkanol having 2 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 5 to 30 carbon atoms, and having 1 to 3 amino groups and 1 to 5 hydroxyl groups.

[0065] The polyol may be a di- to penta-hydric alcohol having 10 to 30 carbon atoms. The amine oxide may be an oxide (having, for example, 5 to 50 carbon atoms) of an amine (secondary amine or preferably tertiary amine).

[0066] The nonionic dispersant is preferably a nonionic dispersant having an oxyalkylene group (preferably a polyoxyethylene group). The number of carbon atoms in the alkylene group in the oxyalkylene group is preferably 2 to 10. The number of oxyalkylene groups in the molecule of the nonionic dispersant is generally preferably 2 to 100.

[0067] The nonionic dispersant is selected from the group consisting of ethers, esters, ester ethers, alkanolamides, polyols and amine oxides, and is preferably a nonionic dispersant having an oxyalkylene group.

[0068] The nonionic dispersant may be an alkylene oxide adduct of a linear and / or branched aliphatic (saturated and / or unsaturated) group, a polyalkylene glycol ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a sorbitan ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a glycerin ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a polyglycerin ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a sucrose ester of a linear and / or branched fatty acid (saturated and / or unsaturated), a polyoxyethylene (POE) / polyoxypropylene (POP) copolymer (random copolymer or block copolymer), an alkylene oxide adduct of acetylene glycol, or the like. Among these, those in which the structure of the alkylene oxide adduct moiety and the polyalkylene glycol moiety is polyoxyethylene (POE) or polyoxypropylene (POP) or a POE / POP copolymer (which may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer) are preferred. Additionally, the nonionic dispersant may be free of aromatic groups.

[0069] The nonionic dispersant has the formula: R 1 O-(CH2CH2O) p -(R 2 O) q -R 3 [In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group or acyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, R 2 are independently the same or different and are alkylene groups having 3 or more carbon atoms (e.g., 3 to 10), R 3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 22 carbon atoms, p is a number greater than or equal to 2, q is a number of 0 or 1 or more. The compound may be a compound represented by the formula:

[0070] R 1R preferably has 8 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly 10 to 18 carbon atoms. 1 Preferred specific examples include an octyl group, a nonyl group, a trimethylnonyl group, a lauryl group, a tridecyl group, an oleyl group, and a stearyl group. R 2 Examples of the alkyl group include a propylene group and a butylene group. In the nonionic dispersant, p may be a number of 3 or more (for example, 5 to 200). q may be a number of 2 or more (for example, 5 to 200). That is, -(R 2 O) q - may form a polyoxyalkylene chain. The nonionic dispersant may be a polyoxyethylene alkylene alkyl ether containing a hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chain and a hydrophobic oxyalkylene chain (particularly a polyoxyalkylene chain) at the center. Examples of the hydrophobic oxyalkylene chain include an oxypropylene chain, an oxybutylene chain, and a styrene chain, with the oxypropylene chain being preferred.

[0071] Specific examples of nonionic dispersants include ethylene oxide and hexylphenol, isooctatylphenol, hexadecanol, oleic acid, alkanes (C 12 -C 16 ) Thiol, Sorbitan Mono Fatty Acid (C7-C 19 ) or alkyl (C 12 -C 18 ) amines, etc., sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, lecithin derivatives, etc. Examples of nonionic dispersants include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxybutylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene glycol, polyethyleneimine ethoxylate, etc.

[0072] The proportion of the polyoxyethylene block can be 5 to 80% by weight, for example 30 to 75% by weight, particularly 40 to 70% by weight, based on the molecular weight of the nonionic dispersant (copolymer). The average molecular weight of the nonionic dispersant is generally 300 to 5,000, for example, 500 to 3,000. The nonionic dispersant may be a single type or a mixture of two or more types. The nonionic dispersant may be a mixture of a compound having an HLB (hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance) of less than 15 (particularly 5 or less) and a compound having an HLB of 15 or more. Specifically, it is preferable to select from polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene, and polyoxypropylenes having an HLB value of 1 to 18, and sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, polyglycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters having an HLB value of less than 7.

[0073] [Cationic dispersant] The dispersant may include a cationic dispersant. The cationic dispersant may be a cationic surfactant. The cationic dispersant may be a compound having no amide group.

[0074] The cationic dispersant may be a low molecular weight type (e.g., a molecular weight of 2000 or less, particularly 10,000 or less) or a high molecular weight type (e.g., a molecular weight of 2000 or more). The molecular weight of the cationic dispersant may be 100 or more, 500 or more, 1,000 or more, 2,000 or more, 4,000 or more, or 6,000 or more, and may be 1,000,000 or less, 750,000 or less, 500,000 or less, 250,000 or less, 100,000 or less, 50,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 7,500 or less, 5,000 or less, 25,000 or less, 750 or less, or 250 or less.

[0075] The cationic dispersant may be aliphatic or aromatic, and examples thereof include ammonium salts (e.g., quaternary ammonium salts). The cationic dispersant may be an oxyethylene adduct ammonium salt. Specific examples include amine salt-type dispersants such as alkylamine salts, amino alcohol fatty acid derivatives, polyamine fatty acid derivatives, and imidazolines; quaternary ammonium salt-type dispersants such as alkyltrimethylammonium salts, dialkyldimethylammonium salts, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium salts, pyridinium salts, alkylisoquinolinium salts, benzalkonium chloride, and benzethonium chloride; and polymeric cationic dispersants such as polyquaternium-1 to -47. Examples of cationic dispersants include alkylamine salts and quaternary ammonium salts.

[0076] Low molecular weight cationic dispersants are R 21 -N + (-R 22 )(-R 23 )(-R 24 )X - [In the formula, R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and R 24 is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, X is an anionic group. R 21 , R 22 , R 23 and -R 24 Specific examples of X include alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, butyl, stearyl, and palmityl groups) and aromatic groups (e.g., benzyl and phenyl groups). Specific examples of X include halogens (e.g., chlorine) and acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid and acetic acid). Examples of cationic dispersants include monoalkyltrimethylammonium salts (alkyl having 4 to 40 carbon atoms) and benzalkonium chloride.

[0077] Specifically, the low molecular weight cationic dispersant is represented by the formula: R 1 p -N +R 2 q X - [In the formula, R 1 is C12 or higher (e.g., C 12 ~C 50 ) is a linear and / or branched aliphatic (saturated and / or unsaturated) group of R 2 is H or a C1-4 alkyl group, a benzyl group, or a polyoxyethylene group (the number of oxyethylene groups is, for example, 1 (particularly 2, especially 3) to 50) (CH3 and C2H5 are particularly preferred), X is a halogen atom (e.g., chlorine), or a C1-C4 fatty acid salt, or a C1-C4 sulfonate; p is 1 or 2, q is 2 or 3, and p+q=4. R 1 may have 12 to 50 carbon atoms, for example, 12 to 30 carbon atoms.

[0078] Low molecular weight cationic dispersants include dodecyltrimethylammonium acetate, trimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride, (dodecylmethylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride, benzyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride, methyldodecyldi(hydropolyoxyethylene)ammonium chloride, benzyldodecyldi(hydropolyoxyethylene)ammonium chloride, N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]oleamide hydrochloride, and the like.

[0079] The polymeric cationic dispersant may be any of various polymers (e.g., polyquaternium-1 to 47) having cationic groups (e.g., ammonium groups, quaternary ammonium groups). Examples of polymeric cationic dispersants include cationic natural products (particularly cationic sugars) such as cationic starch, cationic cellulose (e.g., O-(2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propylhydroxyethylcellulose chloride), cationic guar gum, cationic xanthan gum, and chitosan; and polymers of cationic group-containing monomers such as aziridine, vinylimidazole, aminoalkyl methacrylate, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine, quaternized dimethylammonium ethyl methacrylate, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, dimethylaminopropylamine, and quaternized vinylimidazole.

[0080] [Anionic dispersant] The dispersant may include an anionic dispersant. The anionic dispersant may be an anionic surfactant. The dispersant may be free of an anionic dispersant.

[0081] The anionic dispersant may be a low molecular weight or a high molecular weight dispersant, and may have a molecular weight of 100 or more, 500 or more, 1000 or more, 2000 or more, 4000 or more, or 6000 or more, and may have a molecular weight of 100,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 7,500 or less, 5,000 or less, 25,000 or less, 750 or less, or 250 or less.

[0082] Examples of anionic dispersants include alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, alkenyl ether sulfates, alkenyl sulfates, olefin sulfonates, alkanesulfonates, saturated or unsaturated fatty acid salts, alkyl or alkenyl ether carboxylates, α-sulfonic acid salts, N-acylamino acid dispersants, phosphate mono- or diester dispersants, and sulfosuccinates. An example of an anionic dispersant is a carboxylate (e.g., a fatty acid salt).

[0083] [Amphoteric dispersant] The dispersant may comprise an amphoteric dispersant, which may be an amphoteric surfactant.

[0084] The amphoteric dispersant may be a low molecular weight or a high molecular weight dispersant, and may have a molecular weight of 100 or more, 500 or more, 1000 or more, 2000 or more, 4000 or more, or 6000 or more, and may be 100,000 or less, 10,000 or less, 7,500 or less, 5,000 or less, 25,000 or less, 750 or less, or 250 or less.

[0085] Examples of amphoteric dispersants include alanines, imidazolinium betaines, amido betaines, and acetic acid betaine, and specific examples include lauryl betaine, stearyl betaine, lauryl carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium betaine, lauryl dimethylamino acetic acid betaine, and fatty acid amidopropyl dimethylamino acetic acid betaine.

[0086] [Inorganic dispersant] The dispersant may include an inorganic dispersant.

[0087] The average primary particle size of the inorganic dispersant may be 5 nm or more, 30 nm or more, 100 nm or more, 1 μm or more, 10 μm or more, or 25 μm or more, and may be 100 μm or less, 50 μm or less, 10 μm or less, 1 μm or less, 500 nm or less, or 300 nm or less. The average primary particle size can be measured, for example, by observation with a microscope (scanning electron microscope or transmission electron microscope). The inorganic dispersant may be hydrophilic particles.

[0088] Examples of inorganic dispersants include polyvalent metal phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, aluminum phosphate, zinc phosphate, and hydroxyapatite; carbonates such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate; silicates such as calcium metasilicate; sulfates such as calcium sulfate and barium sulfate; and hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide.

[0089] [Amount of dispersant] The amount of dispersant may be, relative to 100 parts by weight of wax, 0.01 parts by weight or more, 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, 5 parts by weight or less, 3 parts by weight or less, or 1 part by weight or less.

[0090] [Liquid medium] The repellent agent of the present disclosure may include a liquid medium. The liquid medium may be water, an organic solvent, or a mixture of water and an organic solvent. The repellent agent may be a dispersion or a solution. The repellent agent of the present disclosure may include at least water.

[0091] Examples of organic solvents include esters (e.g., esters having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, specifically, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate), ketones (e.g., ketones having 2 to 40 carbon atoms, specifically, methyl ethyl ketone and diisobutyl ketone), alcohols (e.g., alcohols having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, specifically, isopropyl alcohol), aromatic solvents (e.g., toluene and xylene), and petroleum solvents (e.g., alkanes having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, specifically, naphtha and kerosene). The organic solvent is preferably a water-soluble organic solvent. The water-soluble organic solvent may contain a compound having at least one hydroxy group (e.g., alcohol, polyol such as glycol-based solvent, ether form of polyol (e.g., monoether form), etc.). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0092] [Amount of liquid medium] The amount of the liquid medium may be 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 30 parts by weight or more, 40 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 100 parts by weight or more, 200 parts by weight or more, 300 parts by weight or more, 500 parts by weight or more, or 1000 parts by weight or more, and may be 3000 parts by weight or less, 2000 parts by weight or less, 1000 parts by weight or less, 500 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 175 parts by weight or less, 150 parts by weight or less, 125 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 80 parts by weight or less, 60 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, or 10 parts by weight or less, relative to 1 part by weight of the wax.

[0093] The amount of water may be 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 30 parts by weight or more, 40 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 100 parts by weight or more, 200 parts by weight or more, 300 parts by weight or more, 500 parts by weight or more, or 1000 parts by weight or more, and may be 3000 parts by weight or less, 2000 parts by weight or less, 1000 parts by weight or less, 500 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 175 parts by weight or less, 150 parts by weight or less, 125 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 80 parts by weight or less, 60 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, or 10 parts by weight or less, per part by weight of wax.

[0094] The amount of organic solvent may be 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 30 parts by weight or more, 40 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 100 parts by weight or more, 200 parts by weight or more, 300 parts by weight or more, 500 parts by weight or more, or 1000 parts by weight or more, and may be 3000 parts by weight or less, 2000 parts by weight or less, 1000 parts by weight or less, 500 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 175 parts by weight or less, 150 parts by weight or less, 125 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 80 parts by weight or less, 60 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, or 10 parts by weight or less, relative to 1 part by weight of wax.

[0095] 〔silicone〕 The repellent agent of the present disclosure may contain silicone (polyorganosiloxane). By containing silicone, it is possible to achieve good texture and durability in addition to good liquid repellency.

[0096] As the silicone, known silicones can be used, and examples of silicones include polydimethylsiloxane and modified silicones (amino-modified, epoxy-modified silicone, carboxy-modified silicone, methylhydrogen silicone, etc.). The silicone may be a silicone wax having wax-like properties. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0097] The weight average molecular weight of the silicone may be 1,000 or more, 10,000 or more, or 50,000 or more, and may be 500,000 or less, 2,500,000 or less, 100,000 or less, or 50,000 or less.

[0098] [Silicone amount] The amount of silicone may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less, relative to 100 parts by weight of the wax.

[0099] [Organic acid] The repellent of the present disclosure may contain an organic acid. Known organic acids can be used. Preferred organic acids include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, sulfinic acids, etc., with carboxylic acids being particularly preferred. Examples of the carboxylic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, malic acid, citric acid, etc., with formic acid or acetic acid being particularly preferred. In the present disclosure, one type of organic acid may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. For example, formic acid and acetic acid may be used in combination.

[0100] [Amount of organic acid] The amount of organic acid may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of wax. The amount of organic acid may be adjusted so that the pH of the repellent is 3 to 10, for example, 5 to 9, particularly 6 to 8. The repellent may be acidic (pH 7 or less, for example, 6 or less).

[0101] [Inorganic acid] The repellent of the present disclosure may contain an inorganic acid. Known inorganic acids can be used. Examples of inorganic acids include hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide, nitric acid, boric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid. In the present disclosure, one type of inorganic acid may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. Addition of an inorganic acid can improve the stability of the aqueous dispersion.

[0102] [Amount of inorganic acid] The amount of inorganic acid may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less, per 100 parts by weight of wax. The amount of inorganic acid may be adjusted so that the pH of the repellent is 3 to 10, for example, 5 to 9, particularly 6 to 8. The repellent may be acidic (pH 7 or less, for example, 6 or less).

[0103] [Curing agent] The repellent of the present disclosure may include a curing agent (an active hydrogen reactive compound or an active hydrogen containing compound).

[0104] The curing agent (crosslinking agent) in the repellent agent can cure the agent well. The curing agent may be an active hydrogen-reactive compound or an active hydrogen-containing compound that reacts with active hydrogen or an active hydrogen-reactive group. Examples of active hydrogen-reactive compounds are isocyanate compounds, epoxy compounds, chloromethyl group-containing compounds, carboxyl group-containing compounds, and hydrazide compounds. Examples of active hydrogen-containing compounds are hydroxyl group-containing compounds, amino group-containing compounds, carboxyl group-containing compounds, ketone group-containing compounds, hydrazide compounds, and melamine compounds.

[0105] The curing agent may contain an isocyanate compound. The isocyanate compound may be a polyisocyanate compound. A polyisocyanate compound is a compound having two or more isocyanate groups in one molecule. The polyisocyanate compound functions as a crosslinking agent. Examples of polyisocyanate compounds include aliphatic polyisocyanates, alicyclic polyisocyanates, araliphatic polyisocyanates, aromatic polyisocyanates, and derivatives of these polyisocyanates. The isocyanate compound may be a blocked isocyanate compound (for example, a blocked polyisocyanate compound). A blocked isocyanate compound is a compound in which the isocyanate group of an isocyanate compound is masked with a blocking agent to inhibit reaction.

[0106] Examples of aliphatic polyisocyanates are trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, 1,2-propylene diisocyanate, 1,2-butylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3-butylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4- or 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanate, Aliphatic diisocyanates such as cyanatomethyl caproate, and aliphatic triisocyanates such as lysine ester triisocyanate, 1,4,8-triisocyanatooctane, 1,6,11-triisocyanatoundecane, 1,8-diisocyanato-4-isocyanatomethyloctane, 1,3,6-triisocyanatohexane, and 2,5,7-trimethyl-1,8-diisocyanato-5-isocyanatomethyloctane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0107] Examples of alicyclic polyisocyanates include alicyclic diisocyanates and alicyclic triisocyanates. Specific examples of alicyclic polyisocyanates include 1,3-cyclopentene diisocyanate, 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (isophorone diisocyanate), and 1,3,5-triisocyanatocyclohexane. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0108] Examples of araliphatic polyisocyanates include araliphatic diisocyanates and araliphatic triisocyanates. Specific examples of araliphatic polyisocyanates include 1,3- or 1,4-xylylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof, 1,3- or 1,4-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene (tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate) or a mixture thereof, and 1,3,5-triisocyanatomethylbenzene. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0109] Examples of aromatic polyisocyanates include aromatic diisocyanates, aromatic triisocyanates, and aromatic tetraisocyanates. Specific examples of aromatic polyisocyanates include m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenyl diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate, 2,4'- or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or a mixture thereof, 2,4- or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate or a mixture thereof, triphenylmethane-4,4',4''-triisocyanate, and 4,4'-diphenylmethane-2,2',5,5'-tetraisocyanate. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0110] Examples of the polyisocyanate derivatives include various derivatives of the above-mentioned polyisocyanate compounds, such as dimers, trimers, biurets, allophanates, carbodiimides, uretdiones, uretimines, isocyanurates, and iminooxadiazinediones. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0111] These polyisocyanates can be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the polyisocyanate compound, it is preferable to use a blocked polyisocyanate compound (blocked isocyanate), which is a compound in which the isocyanate group of a polyisocyanate compound is blocked with a blocking agent.The use of a blocked polyisocyanate compound is preferable for reasons such as its relative stability in solution and its usability in the same solution as the repellent.

[0112] The blocking agent blocks free isocyanate groups. When the blocked polyisocyanate compound is heated to, for example, 100°C or higher, e.g., 130°C or higher, the isocyanate groups are regenerated and can easily react with hydroxyl groups. Examples of blocking agents include phenolic compounds, lactam compounds, aliphatic alcohol compounds, and oxime compounds. The polyisocyanate compounds can be used alone or in combination.

[0113] The epoxy compound is a compound having an epoxy group. Examples of the epoxy compound include epoxy compounds having a polyoxyalkylene group, such as polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether and polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether; and sorbitol polyglycidyl ether. The chloromethyl group-containing compound is a compound having a chloromethyl group. Examples of the chloromethyl group-containing compound include chloromethyl polystyrene. The carboxyl group-containing compound is a compound having a carboxyl group. Examples of the carboxyl group-containing compound include (poly)acrylic acid and (poly)methacrylic acid.

[0114] Specific examples of the ketone group-containing compound include (poly)diacetone acrylamide and diacetone alcohol. Specific examples of the hydrazide compound include hydrazine, carbohydrazide, and adipic acid hydrazide. Specific examples of the melamine compound include melamine resins and methyl etherified melamine resins.

[0115] [Amount of hardener] The amount of curing agent may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less, relative to 100 parts by weight of the wax.

[0116] [Other ingredients] The repellent may contain other components in addition to the above components. Examples of the other components include polysaccharides, paper strength agents, flocculants, retention aids, coagulants, binder resins, anti-slip agents, sizing agents, paper strength agents, fillers, antistatic agents, preservatives, ultraviolet absorbers, antibacterial agents, deodorizers, fragrances, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In addition to the above ingredients, other ingredients may include other water and / or oil repellents, dispersants, texture adjusters, softeners, flame retardants, paint fixatives, wrinkle inhibitors, drying speed adjusters, crosslinking agents, film-forming aids, compatibilizers, antifreeze agents, viscosity adjusters, UV absorbers, antioxidants, pH adjusters, insect repellents, defoamers, shrinkage inhibitors, anti-wrinkle agents after washing, shape retention agents, drape retention agents, ironing improvers, whitening agents, whitening agents, fabric softening clay, dye transfer inhibitors such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, polymer dispersants, stain release agents, scum dispersants, fluorescent whitening agents such as 4,4-bis(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl disodium (Ciba Specialty Chemicals' Tinopal CBS-X), dye fixatives, and anti-fading agents such as 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine. The following may be blended: stain removers, enzymes such as cellulase, amylase, protease, lipase, and keratinase as fiber surface modifiers; foam inhibitors; and agents capable of imparting silk texture and functionality such as moisture absorption and release. These include silk protein powder, surface-modified products, or emulsified dispersions thereof (e.g., K-50, K-30, K-10, A-705, S-702, L-710, FP series (Idemitsu Petrochemicals), hydrolyzed silk liquid (Jomo), Silkgen G Soluble S (Ichimaru Falcos)). Stain inhibitors (e.g., nonionic polymeric compounds consisting of alkylene terephthalate and / or alkylene isophthalate units and polyoxyalkylene units (e.g., FR627 manufactured by GOO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., SRC-1 manufactured by Clariant Japan, etc.) can also be blended. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0117] [Amount of other ingredients] The amount of each of the other components or the total amount thereof may be 0.1 parts by weight or more, 1 part by weight or more, 3 parts by weight or more, 5 parts by weight or more, 10 parts by weight or more, 15 parts by weight or more, 20 parts by weight or more, 50 parts by weight or more, 75 parts by weight or more, or 100 parts by weight or more, relative to 100 parts by weight of the wax, and may be 500 parts by weight or less, 300 parts by weight or less, 200 parts by weight or less, 100 parts by weight or less, 50 parts by weight or less, 40 parts by weight or less, 30 parts by weight or less, 20 parts by weight or less, 10 parts by weight or less, or 5 parts by weight or less.

[0118] <Manufacturing method of pulp composition / pulp product> The pulp composition of the present disclosure can be obtained by treating a pulp substrate with a repellent agent comprising wax.

[0119] The resulting pulp composition can be subjected to treatment steps such as drying, heating, molding, etc., as required, to obtain a pulp product.

[0120] The repellent agent of the present disclosure can be applied to a pulp substrate as a treatment agent (particularly a surface treatment agent) by a conventionally known method. The treatment method may involve dispersing and diluting the repellent agent of the present disclosure in an organic solvent or water, as necessary, and applying it to the interior and / or surface of the pulp substrate by a known method such as dip coating, spray coating, or foam coating, followed by drying. The dilution ratio may be varied as appropriate depending on the concentration and application of the repellent agent, but may be 3 to 2000 times, for example, 10 to 100 times. After drying, a pulp product is obtained to which the solid components of the repellent agent are attached. If necessary, the repellent agent may be applied together with an appropriate crosslinking agent, followed by curing.

[0121] The repellent agent can be applied to the pulp substrate by any of the known methods for treating a pulp substrate with a liquid. The pulp substrate may be immersed in the repellent agent, the pulp substrate and the repellent agent may be mixed, or the solution may be applied or sprayed onto the pulp substrate. The treated pulp substrate is preferably dried and cured by heating to develop liquid repellency. The heating temperature may be, for example, 100°C to 200°C, 100°C to 170°C, or 100°C to 120°C. In the present disclosure, the heating time may be 5 seconds to 60 minutes, for example, 30 seconds to 3 minutes.

[0122] Pulp substrate treatment methods can include internal treatment methods in which a repellent is added to the pulp substrate (e.g., in the form of pulp slurry) before papermaking, or external treatment methods in which a repellent is applied to the pulp substrate (e.g., pulp product) after papermaking. Examples of internal treatment methods include mixing and immersion, which may include a step of adding a repellent to the pulp slurry and stirring and mixing it. Examples of external treatment methods include spraying, coating, immersion, and foam application, and specific examples include pond-type two-roll size presses, gate-roll type, and rod-metering size presses. The treatment may be either an external or internal treatment. For example, when the pulp substrate is paper, the repellent may be coated on the paper, or a solution may be attached or sprayed onto the paper, or the repellent may be mixed with the pulp slurry before papermaking. When the pulp substrate is a fibrous material, treatment methods include padding, immersion, spraying, and coating. Examples of padding treatments include methods using padding devices described on pages 396-397 of "Textile Dyeing and Processing Dictionary" (published by Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, 1963) and pages 256-260 of "Color Dyeing Chemistry III" (published by Jikkyo Publishing Co., Ltd., 1975). Examples of coating treatments include methods using coating machines described on pages 473-477 of "Dyeing and Finishing Equipment Directory" (published by Sen-sha, 1981). Examples of immersion treatments include methods using batch dyeing machines described on pages 196-247 of "Dyeing and Finishing Equipment Directory" (published by Sen-sha, 1981). Examples of suitable dyeing machines include liquid jet dyeing machines, air jet dyeing machines, drum dyeing machines, winch dyeing machines, washer dyeing machines, and cheese dyeing machines. Examples of spray treatments include methods using air sprayers that spray the treatment solution in a mist using compressed air, and hydraulic atomization air sprayers.

[0123] The treatment method may be an internal addition treatment in which a repellent is added to the pulp slurry before papermaking. The internal addition treatment may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following steps: adding the repellent to the pulp slurry and stirring and mixing it; suction-dehydrating the pulp composition prepared in the above step through a mesh of a predetermined shape to deposit the pulp composition and form a molded pulp product intermediate; and molding and drying the molded pulp product intermediate in a heated mold to obtain a molded pulp product. The treated paper may be briefly dried at room temperature or at an elevated temperature, and then optionally subjected to a heat treatment depending on the paper's properties. The heat treatment temperature may be 150°C or higher, 180°C or higher, or 210°C or higher, or 300°C or lower, 250°C or lower, or 200°C or lower, and particularly preferably 80°C to 180°C. Heat treatment within this temperature range can exhibit excellent oil resistance, water resistance, etc. The internally treated pulp base material may be treated with a repellent by external addition, and further wax or repellent may be attached to the surface.

[0124] The treatment method may be an external addition treatment in which a repellent agent is applied to the pulp base material after papermaking. Size presses for external addition treatment can also be classified as follows based on the application method. One application method is the so-called pond-type two-roll size press, in which a coating liquid (size liquid) is supplied to the nip formed by passing paper between two rubber rolls, creating a coating liquid pool called a pond, and the paper is passed through this coating liquid pool to apply the sizing liquid to both sides of the paper. Other application methods include the gate roll type, in which the sizing liquid is applied using a surface transfer method, and the rod metering size press. In the pond-type two-roll size press, the sizing liquid easily penetrates into the paper, while in the surface transfer type, the sizing liquid components tend to remain on the paper surface. In the surface transfer type, the coating layer tends to remain on the paper surface compared to the pond-type two-roll size press, and the coating layer formed on the surface is larger than in the pond-type two-roll size press. In the present disclosure, performance can be imparted to paper even when the former pond-type two-roll size press is used. Papers treated in this way can exhibit excellent oil and water resistance, etc., after simple drying at room temperature or at elevated temperatures, optionally followed by a heat treatment which, depending on the properties of the paper, can range from 300°C, e.g., up to 200°C, especially from 80°C to 180°C.

[0125] Specific examples of pulp products include paper, paper containers, molded pulp products, food packaging materials, food containers, gypsum board base paper, coated base paper, medium-quality paper, general liners and corrugating media, neutral white roll paper, neutral liners, rust-proof liners and metal interleaving paper, kraft paper, neutral printing and writing paper, neutral coated base paper, neutral PPC paper, neutral thermal paper, neutral pressure-sensitive base paper, neutral inkjet paper, and neutral information paper, etc. Suitable examples of pulp products include food packaging materials and food containers, and particularly pulp molded products for food contact applications.

[0126] Although the embodiments have been described above, it will be understood that various changes in form and details can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. [Example]

[0127] The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to these examples.

[0128] <Test Method> The test procedure is as follows:

[0129] [Volume fraction of particles and median diameter (D50)] For the wax and the water dispersion, the volumetric abundance ratio of particles of 100 μm or more, the volumetric abundance ratio of particles of 10 μm or more, and the median diameter (D50) were calculated from the volumetric frequency distribution (volume distribution) obtained by measurement using a laser diffraction / scattering device.

[0130] [Preparation of Paraffin Wax Dispersion] An aqueous dispersion was obtained by mixing 2 g of paraffin wax (melting point 69.8°C), 0.2 g of polyethylene oxide alkyl ether (alkyl carbon number 6 to 16 HLB: 7), and 17.8 g of water. This aqueous dispersion was heated to 85°C and then treated with an ultrasonic homogenizer for 20 minutes to obtain a water-dispersed repellent. The obtained water-dispersed repellent exhibited the following properties. Median diameter D50: 0.8 μm Volume ratio of particles 100 μm or larger: 0% Volume ratio of particles 10 μm or larger: 12% Charge density: 20 μeq / g

[0131] [Preparation of Microcrystalline Wax Dispersion] Microcrystalline wax (melting point 79°C) was crushed to 1 mm or less in a mortar and then dry-pulverized using a jet mill to obtain microcrystalline wax powder. The particle size of the microcrystalline wax powder was measured using a laser diffraction / scattering device, and the median diameter D50 was found to be 0.99 μm. 2 g of the resulting microcrystalline wax powder was mixed with 0.2 g of polyethylene oxide alkyl ether (alkyl carbon number 6 to 16, HLB: 7) and 17.8 g of water to obtain a water-dispersible repellent. The resulting water-dispersible repellent exhibited the following properties: Median diameter D50: 0.95 μm Volume ratio of particles 100 μm or larger: 0% Volume ratio of particles 10 μm or larger: 25% Charge density: 2 μeq / g

[0132] [Making pulp molds] Pulp molds were formed using an automatic molding machine. A mesh-like body was placed on a metal pulp mold mold with numerous suction holes at the bottom, and a metal tank was placed on top. A mixture of pulp slurry and water-dispersible repellent (pulp composition) was placed in the upper metal tank. A vacuum pump was used to suck and dehydrate the pulp composition through the pulp mold mold and mesh-like body from the side opposite the mesh-like body of the pulp mold mold, and the solids (pulp, etc.) contained in the pulp composition were deposited on the mesh-like body to obtain a pulp mold intermediate. The obtained pulp mold intermediate was then dried from above and below in a male-female metal mold heated to 60 to 250°C under a pressure of 0.05 to 5 MPa. This produced a pulp molded product molded into the shape of a container.

[0133] [Oil resistance test] 100 mL of corn oil at 50°C was poured into the pulp mold, and after leaving it at room temperature for 45 minutes, the corn oil was removed from the pulp mold and the degree of staining of the pulp mold was evaluated. The following evaluation values ​​were set depending on the degree of staining. 5: No stains on the inside. 4: There is a stain on the inside. No stain on the back. 3: Stain on the inside. Slight bleeding on the back. 2: Stain on the inside, with less than 50% of the area bleeding to the back. 1: Stain on the inside. Stain on the backside is 50% or more but less than 100% of the area. 0: Seeped through to the entire back side.

[0134] [Water resistance test] 100 ml of the evaluation liquid (water) at 100°C was poured into the pulp mold, and after leaving it at room temperature for 30 minutes, the evaluation liquid was removed from the pulp mold and the degree of staining of the pulp mold was evaluated. The following evaluation values ​​were set depending on the degree of staining. 5: No stains on the inside. 4: There is a stain on the inside. No stain on the back. 3: Stain on the inside. Slight bleeding on the back. 2: Stain on the inside, with less than 50% of the area bleeding to the back. 1: Stain on the inside. Stain on the backside is 50% or more but less than 100% of the area. 0: Seeps through to the entire back side

[0135] Example 1 An aqueous pulp slurry with a concentration of 0.5 wt% was prepared, containing 75% wood pulp and 25% bagasse pulp relative to the total pulp weight. A water-dispersible repellent agent was added to the pulp at a ratio of 3 wt% (solids content) to prepare a pulp composition. The pulp composition was placed in an automatic molding machine to produce a pulp mold. Oil and water resistance tests were conducted on the produced pulp mold, resulting in a score of 4 in the oil resistance test and 1 in the water resistance test. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0136] <Example 2> An aqueous pulp slurry containing 100% bagasse pulp relative to the total pulp weight was prepared at a concentration of 0.5 wt%. The pulp composition was prepared by adding bagasse pulp to the pulp at a ratio of 3 wt% in terms of solids. The pulp composition was placed in an automatic molding machine to produce a pulp mold. The oil and water resistance tests of the produced pulp mold were conducted, resulting in a score of 4 in the oil resistance test and 1 in the water resistance test. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0137] Example 3 When preparing the pulp composition, it was added at a ratio of 1 wt% of the pulp in terms of solid content. Thereafter, a pulp mold was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. The prepared pulp mold was subjected to an oil resistance test and a water resistance test, and the oil resistance test gave it a score of 4, and the water resistance test gave it a score of 1. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0138] Example 4 A pulp mold was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.45 wt% of AKD (alkyl ketene dimer) was added to the pulp when preparing the pulp composition. The prepared pulp mold was subjected to an oil resistance test and a water resistance test, and the oil resistance test gave it a score of 4, and the water resistance test gave it a score of 5. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0139] <Example 5> A pulp mold was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.1 wt% of a rosin sizing agent was added to the pulp when preparing the pulp composition. The prepared pulp mold was subjected to an oil resistance test and a water resistance test, and the oil resistance test gave it a score of 4, and the water resistance test gave it a score of 5. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0140] Example 6 A pulp mold was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 1 wt% of cationic starch was added to the pulp when preparing the pulp composition. The prepared pulp mold was subjected to an oil resistance test and a water resistance test, and the oil resistance test gave it a score of 4, and the water resistance test gave it a score of 2. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0141] Example 7 A pulp mold was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.1 wt% of polyacrylamide was added to the pulp when preparing the pulp composition. The prepared pulp mold was subjected to an oil resistance test and a water resistance test, and the oil resistance test gave it a score of 4, and the water resistance test gave it a score of 2. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0142] Example 8 A pulp mold was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that microcrystalline wax was used instead of paraffin wax. The prepared pulp mold was subjected to an oil resistance test and a water resistance test, and the oil resistance test gave it a score of 4, and the water resistance test gave it a score of 2. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0143] <Comparative Example 1> An aqueous pulp slurry containing 100% wood pulp relative to the total amount of pulp at a concentration of 0.5 wt% was prepared, and a pulp mold was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The produced pulp mold was subjected to an oil resistance test and a water resistance test, and the oil resistance test gave it a score of 2, and the water resistance test gave it a score of 1.

[0144] <Comparative Example 2> An aqueous pulp slurry with a concentration of 0.5 wt% was prepared, containing 25% bagasse pulp and 75% wood pulp relative to the total pulp weight. The pulp slurry was placed in an automatic molding machine to produce pulp molds. Oil and water resistance tests were conducted on the produced pulp molds, and they received zero points in both tests.

[0145] <Comparative Example 3> An aqueous pulp slurry with a concentration of 0.5 wt% was prepared, containing 100% bagasse pulp relative to the total pulp amount. The pulp slurry was placed in an automatic molding machine to produce pulp molds. Oil and water resistance tests were conducted on the produced pulp molds, and they received zero points in both the oil and water resistance tests.

[0146] The results are summarized in the table below. [Table 1] JPEG2026027490000001.jpg132164

Claims

1. A pulp composition comprising a wax and a pulp base material, the wax is a hydrocarbon wax, A pulp composition, wherein the pulp base material comprises bagasse pulp.

2. 2. The pulp composition according to claim 1, wherein the wax is at least one selected from the group consisting of paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax.

3. 2. The pulp composition according to claim 1, wherein the melting point of the wax is 40°C or higher and 120°C or lower.

4. 2. The pulp composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the wax is 0.5% by weight or more and 25% by weight or less based on the pulp base material.

5. 2. The pulp composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of bagasse pulp in the pulp base material is 20% by weight or more and 100% by weight or less.

6. The pulp composition of claim 1 , wherein the pulp composition comprises a dispersant.

7. The pulp composition of claim 1 , wherein the pulp composition comprises a paper chemical combination.

8. The pulp composition according to claim 1 , wherein the pulp composition comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a sizing agent and a strength agent.

9. The pulp composition of claim 1 , wherein the pulp composition comprises aluminum sulfate.

10. A molded pulp product formed from the pulp composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The molded pulp product according to claim 10, which is used for food contact applications.

12. 1. A method for producing a pulp composition, comprising treating a pulp substrate with a repellent comprising wax, the wax is a hydrocarbon wax, The method for producing a pulp composition, wherein the pulp base material comprises bagasse pulp.

13. The method for producing a pulp composition according to claim 12, wherein the wax is at least one selected from the group consisting of paraffin wax and microcrystalline wax.

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