Compost

Abstract

To provide compost which is welcome to the production site of agricultural products as a fertilizer and a soil conditioner by spraying a small amount of the compost since the compost which is a substitute for a chemical fertilizer, has a high fertilizer content and is easy to handle is required without treating waste as a stockbreeding company.SOLUTION: Among livestock species which are not usually mixed, cow manure of beef cattle and chicken manure of laying hens, which are far from each other in carbon ratio, are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1 which is easy for mixing work in view of the carbon ratio, microorganisms are added thereto, and a suitable amount of return compost is mixed therewith.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to compost produced by composting livestock manure. [Background technology]

[0002] Livestock manure is composted on the same premises as the barns, and sawdust is mixed in as bedding for beef cattle. In the case of layer chickens, return compost is mixed in to promote aerobic fermentation, and heavy machinery such as tire shovels can be used. By using agitation and transfer with a rotary mixer, moisture and odors can be reduced. Efforts are being made to make the structures easier to use in farmland, parks, and ordinary homes.

[0003] Normally, composting is done using only manure, such as cow manure in a cowshed or chicken manure in a chicken coop. Even if there is livestock manure of different species being discharged nearby, It is rare to see livestock manure, which is industrial waste, being moved from other facilities and mixed with other facilities. .

[0004] Composting is a term that accurately refers to the process whereby rice straw, fallen leaves, and other sediments are used as compost, while livestock manure is used as compost. Nowadays, few people make rice straw compost, and it is common to process large amounts of livestock manure. From this perspective, all of the above is now called compost, and rice straw is now called rice straw compost. It seems to be called.

[0005] In ancient times, people would gather rice straw, fallen leaves, pine needles, and other materials to collect human excrement, horse manure, and cow manure that had fallen on the road. 60 years ago, rice straw and pine needles were mixed with lime nitrogen, and 40 years ago, It seems that cow manure (mixed with sawdust) was mixed with lime nitrogen and other materials to make compost, and the carbon content was high. The basic principle of compost production is to mix wood residues with nitrogen-rich human excrement and lime nitrogen. Ta.

[0006] In addition, when composting chicken manure in a farmer's own compost shed, rice bran, rice husks, sawdust, etc. The bucket device attached to the front of the tractor mixes the chicken manure with the manure, stirs it, and moves it. He produced his own homemade compost.

[0007] Nowadays, the number of farms producing compost has decreased significantly, and most farms are now using rice straw and cow manure for composting. Farmers have become rare and composting using lime nitrogen has been almost forgotten. In 1960, in addition to purchasing compost from large-scale livestock farms at low prices, compost with excellent shape and quality was also sold. Fertilizers and other products are sold and distributed as bagged products. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6976627

[0009] [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 4940444

[0010] [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 4087743

[0011] [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-085960 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0012] Now in the year 2022, the situation in Ukraine and China have accelerated the flattening of the global situation. Export restrictions to protect domestic agriculture led to a rise in the price of mineral-based fertilizers and Japanese trading companies losing out. In addition, the rising prices of agricultural materials such as pesticides and vinyl have led to increased expenses for consumable materials for agricultural management. It is as follows.

[0013] The raw material for this invention, livestock manure, is produced in Japan at a rate of over 80 million tons (7.9 million tons for egg-laying chickens and 10 million tons for meat). It is said that there are 23.6 million tons of cattle in Japan, and the amount of phosphorus and potassium contained in these is greater than that of imported chemical fertilizers. It seems that the amount of calcium is actually present. Livestock manure also contains calcium, magnesium, and five other minerals. Major elements, trace elements such as manganese and boron, soil building components such as silica and iron, humic acid, etc. The potential of the fundamental components of soil chemistry, diverse microbial organisms, and fertilizer components that are the basis of plant cultivation. It contains everything you need.

[0014] How to concentrate the active ingredients, mainly phosphoric acid and potassium, to a high concentration and It is necessary to create high-quality compost that is easy to work with and inexpensive to produce.

[0015] In response, the government passed the so-called "Green Law" in May 2021, which calls for the end of imported chemical fertilizers by 2050. The government has passed a law to reduce the amount of feed used by 30% or more, and is promoting the use of unused waste such as livestock manure, food waste, and human waste. This has led to the promotion of effective utilization of organic resources. In particular, the effective utilization of livestock manure has attracted attention. It seems that they are particularly recommending the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and especially potassium contained in chicken manure. .

[0016] The basic concept required to create high-concentration, high-quality livestock manure compost is to ferment and decompose the manure. The organic components, namely nitrogen and especially carbon, decrease, and the ash content increases, becoming inorganic fertilizer components. The problem is that it becomes more difficult.

[0017] Most organic materials have carbon in the molecular structure of proteins and fibers (cellulose, lignin). It usually contains more than 45% carbon as a dry matter after removing water. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen derived from protein can be recognized as the carbon ratio (C / N ratio).

[0018] The raw material for livestock manure starts from feed, but the properties of the manure vary depending on the feed. Each animal has its own characteristics, which are reflected in the carbon content of the excrement. The carbon ratios for chicken manure are 6, pig manure 11, cow manure 16, rice straw 70, and sawdust 200. Because sawdust is used as bedding on the floor, the actual carbon content is around 30%.

[0019] The purpose of composting livestock manure is to spread it on the soil and use it effectively as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. The purpose is not to take it out of the barn as waste. Therefore, under the Fertilizer Control Law, it is required to analyze and display the ingredients as a special fertilizer, and businesses must Submit a notification of fertilizer sales and manufacturing to the prefecture where you are located.

[0020] In the prior patent document 1 (Patent No. 6976627), the content of amino acids and the presence of specific microorganisms were identified. Although it is considered to be permissible, it is not an officially recognized item, and nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, In addition to the five elements of lime, magnesia, carbon content, moisture content, and pH, there are also substances that inhibit growth if they are in excess. The Fertilizer Control Act requires that the copper and zinc content be labeled.

[0021] Compost is a fertilizer, and its quality should be judged based on the content of the three elements nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The degree of ripeness and the quality of the fermentation process may seem unrelated, but the three elements In order to achieve a high concentration of content, factors such as the degree of ripeness and the environment of the fermentation process also have an impact.

[0022] The reason why the display of carbon content became mandatory in October 2000 was that at that time, bark compost and The application of large amounts of immature cow manure and other materials to the soil has led to excessive soil damage, causing base damage and nitrogen starvation in many areas. This has led to it being adopted as the standard analytical label for compost.

[0023] In the past, each prefecture had its own fertilizer and feed inspection center as an administrative agency, and they inspected nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizers. We will analyze the 9 elements of the harvested fertilizer (free of charge): potassium, lime, copper and zinc, carbon content, moisture, and pH. However, this was abolished in 2011, and analysis of compost products is no longer conducted. After that, the Livestock Industry Environmental Improvement Organization began to offer compost component analysis for a fee, and in 2015, our company also began We are requesting an analysis from

[0024] The Livestock Industry Environmental Improvement Organization's compost component inspection report analyzes livestock compost from across the country. The basic analysis includes the above nine elements plus magnesium, iron, manganese, germination rate, and oxygen consumption. We conduct analyses to determine the quality of compost products.

[0025] At agricultural production sites, there are no products that compare the quality of compost ingredients, and There has not been a tendency to use fertilizer as a sales tool until now, but the rise in fertilizer prices has It has become an expense that cannot be overlooked as a production cost, and it is becoming increasingly important to consider how domestic resources such as livestock manure can be used more effectively. This is likely to have a major impact on Japanese agriculture in the future.

[0026] The effect of livestock manure compost as a fertilizer on actual agricultural production in the 15 analysis items above Generally, nitrogen comes to mind first, but nitrogen is essential for the decomposition of organic matter. The decomposition of fiber consumes nitrogen, and during this process, carbon dioxide and nitrogen are converted into ammonia. Nitrogen decreases as composting progresses because it is released as gases such as nitrous oxide.

[0027] In addition, the fertilizer efficiency (fertilizer utilization rate) of nitrogen in fully matured compost depends on the carbon content of the compost. The guidelines have been established, and the nitrogen fertilizer efficiency of compost with a high carbon content is about 10%, Even with low nitrogen content, the nitrogen content is about 35%. It cannot be used as a guideline for expressing the nitrogen content. However, this will increase the fertilizer efficiency mentioned above and will also serve as a guide for the maturity of the compost. The carbon rate is important.

[0028] Next, regarding phosphoric acid, the fertilizer efficiency of compost products is said to be 80%, but in actual farmland, The amount of acid used has been excessive for a long time, and chemical fertilizers such as superphosphate are Soil with a low silica / alumina ratio (silica / alumina) has a high national average phosphate absorption coefficient. This is because the fertilizer efficiency of water-soluble phosphate is very poor, and water-soluble phosphate varies depending on the pH of the soil. This is because it temporarily binds with alumina and iron oxide in the soil and becomes insoluble, and this insoluble matter is also included. This is because we were putting in more than necessary.

[0029] In agricultural cultivation, the fertilizer components that are actually absorbed have been clarified. The amount of phosphorus contained in agricultural products is, on average, 1 / 7 of that of nitrogen and less than 1 / 10 of that of potassium. The phosphorus content of fully matured compost is higher than that of nitrogen and potassium for all livestock species. The amount of phosphate in relation to the amount of potassium added is shown in the figure. It can be recognized that this is sufficient, and that organically derived, non-water-soluble phosphates become insoluble. It is an excellent phosphate fertilizer that is more efficient than chemical fertilizers because it does not contain any additives.

[0030] From the above, among the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the potassium content is the subject of this invention. It is a fertilizer component that can replace chemical fertilizers, and is used to produce compost from livestock manure. We should aim to contribute to the development of the society.

[0031] The fertilizer efficiency of soil application is said to be 90% for the potassium content, making it essential for crops. In areas where fertilizer is expensive and cannot be purchased internationally, slash-and-burn farming and other methods of planting are used. The use of potassium from coal ash is widespread in the Amazon region and Southeast Asia, and has become an international environmental issue. did.

[0032] Geopolitically, potassium is concentrated in Canada and Belarus, and more than that, it is a problem of global warming. International public opinion also acted to ban slash-and-burn agriculture, and all nations in the flattened world began to trade their agricultural products. , which is needed for the production of agricultural exports, and the price of potassium ore will continue to rise and Japanese trading companies will be unable to buy it. is likely to become a problem.

[0033] Therefore, the most important issue for the future of agriculture through composting livestock manure is the high potassium content of the manure. The goal is to produce compost that is rich in phosphoric acid, and the ingredients of this compost always contain more than the necessary amount of phosphoric acid. This also solves the problem of phosphate. In order to effectively utilize the nitrogen component, the carbon ratio should be as low as possible. You need to disassemble it until it is low.

[0034] Instead of disposing of waste as a livestock farming business, we are providing high-quality fertilizers that can be used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. There is a demand for compost that is easy to handle, and that can be used as a fertilizer and soil conditioner for agricultural production with just a small amount of application. The compost manufacturing method and the component content of the produced compost are popular in the production field. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing compost with a high content of cellulose, a low carbon content, and a crude ash content of 50% or more. It is [Means for solving the problem]

[0035] In the production of livestock manure compost, it is necessary to use a compost with high potassium content, low carbon content, and crude ash content of 50% or more. This article explains the methods of producing compost.

[0036] The ultimate fully matured compost contains hard carbon organic matter of lignin class, as well as microorganisms such as wood-rotting fungi. The carbon content can be reduced by decomposing the material. The rate is

[0037] The first step to achieving the fully matured compost is to consider the carbon content and the livestock farming method. The mixing of manure with livestock species is carried out, and then to provide the necessary environment for good fermentation. , a deposition shape that has an appropriate gas phase and can secure a specific surface area sufficient for temperature maintenance, and good hydration The appropriate moisture content for decomposition, the number of stirring times to allow fermentation decomposition to proceed to the ultimate state, and The key is to allow as long a deposition period as possible.

[0038] A certain condition is that beef cattle manure, which is a material with a high carbon content, is treated with calcium carbonate nitrogen. The ideal mixture is layer chicken manure containing nitrogen and lime, with a carbon content of 10 or less. However, it is not the numerical carbon content at the time of mixing, but the final fully matured compost product, which is 10 or less. In reality, it is best to use a tire shovel. The size of the wheel loader is not an issue, and the volume of the full bucket of each wheel loader can be utilized. This is very simple.

[0039] The apparent specific gravity of cow manure mixed with sawdust is different from that of chicken manure, which is rich in protein and lime. The weight ratio of the mixture varies depending on the moisture content of the livestock. It is impossible to measure the weight of the excreta in the bucket of the tire shovel using a platform scale, and Depending on the accuracy, it is necessary to measure each time and adjust it manually using a shovel etc. This seems to be very inconvenient.

[0040] In Patent Document 1 (Patent No. 6976627), chicken manure and cow manure are used, but the weight ratio is However, from the above, it seems difficult to actually do this, but in the literature, chicken manure: cow manure ratio is 1:1 The weight ratio is ~15 because the apparent specific gravity of chicken manure is generally heavier than that of cow manure. This is converted to 0.8:1-12, which is different from the volume ratio of 1:1 of the present invention.

[0041] In addition, since the object of the invention of the above patent document is to reduce clopyralid in cow dung, Therefore, it is necessary to treat a large amount of cow manure, and the carbon content of the present invention is not considered. It is stated in the introduction that less cow dung is mixed in. In addition, we were able to report that the clopyralid content in our previous compost was <0.01 mg / kg. (Analysis conducted at Tsukuba Analysis Center in March 2017, reception number 17001051-001 )

[0042] The ideal ratio of beef cattle manure to egg-laying chickens is 1:1 by volume, so it should be 10:9, for example. This requires 19 steps, which is inconvenient. This is a good thing, but considering the rising cost of diesel and other vehicles and labor costs, there is no need to pursue this pointlessly. It is important to first mix the nitrogen and calcium components of chicken manure with cow manure. .

[0043] Next, regarding the moisture content during the fermentation period, in addition to using a moisture meter, we also measure the apparent specific gravity. By doing so, it is possible to control the moisture content with a measuring instrument, but before considering the moisture content during mixing and transfer, When the moisture content is appropriate, a white layer of mycelium can be seen in the piled compost (5-30cm from the surface). The appropriate moisture content can be determined from experience, such as the difference in color of the piled compost. I can decline.

[0044] If you are a worker who uses a tire shovel to move the material around every day, you can easily It is now possible to learn and implement this method, and it is also effective to use a thermometer to monitor temperature changes inside the compost. Irrigation equipment is installed to irrigate the necessary amount of water if the moisture content is insufficient.

[0045] The same applies to the period of stirring and moving. From experience, the above-mentioned mycelium growth is not observed in about 3 days within 5 days. After 12 days, the number of mycelia decreases over time and the temperature inside the compost also decreases. Based on that experience, the surrounding temperature, the season, the airtightness of the compost shed, the lighting, etc., Workers can easily learn and implement it by using mycelium and compost temperature, but in the current calendar, which is a seven-day system, If possible, it seems ideal to move the mixer every 7 days from the viewpoint of worker welfare.

[0046] Ultimately, the question of whether the compost can be made into an ideal fully matured compost is the period of accumulation and stirring. It can be concluded that this is a period during which the samples were stirred and moved every 7 days, and not a static period. In nature, the humus formed by the accumulation of dead leaves in forests gradually becomes soil from the surface where it comes into contact with the soil. However, it takes 60 to 100 years for 1cm of soil to form, so if you have a long time, The ideal compost is the law of nature. However, nature is also subject to trampling by animals, It should not be possible to move it due to wind and rain or leave it stationary all the time.

[0047] In primeval forests, dead leaves pile up, but insect remains, animal droppings, and especially the moment birds take off are also present. The feces and urine excreted by insects fall onto dead leaves. Even cicadas urinate when they take off, This involves adding nitrogen from manure to dead leaves and fallen tree material, which have a high carbon content, and is a great way to promote the natural environment. In the providence, plant residues with high carbon content are mixed with manure, animal remains, and insect remains with high nitrogen content. You can see that it is being used.

[0048] Since compost production requires labor and fuel costs, the number of mixing trips and mixing period are determined. It is not something that can be done indefinitely, but among the target carbon rate, potassium content, and crude ash content, The ultimate goal is to achieve a ratio of 58.7% or more.

[0049] The results of the carbon and potassium content at that time were as follows: The nitrogen, carbon, and potassium contained in the organic resources mixed after the return compost is mixed. This is a result of the situation, and I don't think we can ask for anything more.

[0050] From this logical progression, it seems that compost with a crude ash content of 50% or more is economical when determining the end of the production period. It is meaningless to use compost with very little fertilizer content, such as cow manure or rice straw compost. Therefore, I think we should pursue the production of fertilizers that contain a lot of potassium, if possible. The target value is potassium 4% or more.

[0051] Incidentally, the maximum amount of potassium contained in organic fertilizer is about 2% of oil cake. Common organic fertilizers include blood meal, feather meal, oil cake, fish meal, and bone meal, which contain nitrogen and phosphorus. Although it is an acidic mixture, blood meal, feather meal, and fish meal do not contain potassium. As for fertilizers, a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, which is also approved by the Organic JAS Law, is used. This potassium raw material is a chemical fertilizer derived from imported mineral resources.

[0052] As a means for solving the problems of the present invention, based on the above considerations, the chicken manure of layer hens is used at the beginning of production. In addition, beef cattle use sawdust as bedding and cow manure is mixed with compost in a volume ratio of 3:3:1. If there are other organic resources nearby that can be mixed, mix them at an appropriate time with a volume ratio of 7 to 15%. The problem can be solved by stirring and moving the compost 12 or more times at intervals of 5 to 12 days. I will. [Effects of the Invention]

[0053] According to the compost production method of the present invention, it is possible to avoid the conventional treatment of compost as waste and the cause of this, namely, the stability of compost. Livestock manure compost with no guaranteed ingredients is used, with a moisture content of less than 30%, a carbon content (C / N ratio) of less than 10%, and a coarse It contains 50% or more ash and 4% or more potassium, and has a stable fertilizer efficiency. To be able to mass-produce compost that is trusted by compost users and does not cause problems due to soil spreading. It will be.

[0054] As a method of using the compost produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention, the crude ratio is 50% or more. Because it has a soil-like texture with a heavy apparent specific gravity, it was sieved to a size of 8 mm or less. This allows us to provide high-quality products, eliminating the need for pelletizing and granulation, which can increase the selling price. Farmers who use compost can spread it using backpack spreaders, lime soars, etc., without the need for special equipment. This will enable the production of large amounts of easy-to-use, inexpensive compost that can be distributed.

[0055] The compost produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention can be used for cultivating agricultural products. The amount of potassium to be added can be clarified based on the required potassium content. Apply sufficient amounts of specific ingredients such as phosphate, lime, magnesia, manganese, etc., without excesses other than aluminum. Therefore, all fertilizers except for nitrogen, which is in short supply, are applied, and imported mineral resources are used. This has made it possible to replace chemical fertilizers, which are the source of nutrients.

[0056] The compost produced by the manufacturing method of the present invention makes it possible to clearly determine the purpose of adding compost and the amount to be spread. Therefore, a recycling system for local organic resources will be established, and appropriate input will be sustainable. This will enable sustainable agriculture and contribute to achieving the goals set out in the Green Food System Strategy. You will be able to donate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Example]

[0057] The manure from the egg-laying hens and the manure from the beef cattle, which use sawdust as bedding, are collected from each barn and sent to the compost center. The materials are delivered to the raw material storage area of ​​the factory in a 4-ton dump truck. The buckets of the tire shovel are loaded with material, and the materials are transported alternately. After mixing the compost, the buckets were filled with the compost and piled up three times in a mountain shape. Return the compost to a bucket full of chicken manure and mix it. The ratio of cow manure to return compost is 3:3:1.

[0058] After mixing the waste from four 4-ton dump trucks (eight in total) using the above method, the waste was cut into 5m wide, 16m long, The waste is piled up in a mountain shape 2.5m high. This is the primary treatment and the beginning of the compost production method of this invention. By mixing the chicken manure with cow manure mixed with sawdust, which has a high void ratio, forced ventilation from the floor is not required. This promotes aerobic fermentation of easily decomposable organic matter, which does not require fermentation.

[0059] This initial mix is ​​mixed with carbon content in mind, and the return compost is used as a microbial additive. The composting method that uses carbon ratio in the prior patent is Patent Document 4, JP 54-085960. This is a mixture of plant residues with a high carbon content and livestock manure, including cow manure, and then treated with peroxide. By mixing the waste, aerobic fermentation is promoted and the goal is to compost in a short time. It is not currently effective because it is expensive and mixing with plant residues reduces the fertilizer content. It seems that...

[0060] In addition, Patent No. 4087743 in Patent Document 3 is a patent invented by our company, but at the time, The method is to mix chicken manure and cow manure in a 1:1 volume ratio, but with a high moisture content, and then subject it to anaerobic decomposition. The compost contains less nitrogen and potassium due to the use of fertilizer. (Table 1) The present invention is based on the idea that 20 years ago, It is clear that more novelty is being adopted.

[0061] There is a method of using carbon ratio to mix organic materials in Patent Document 2, Patent 4940444, but The carbon content is considered by degreasing the waste, and is not intended to be used for the consideration of livestock manure. The ingredients of the invention are described, but it is effective as a nitrogen fertilizer, but the carbon ratio is about 10. Therefore, if the fertilizer efficiency is about 20-30%, the actual use as fertilizer is about 1 / 4 of that of oil cake. Also, the amount of phosphorus and potassium is too small to be used as fertilizer.

[0062] Considering the carbon utilization rate in this livestock manure, the accumulation and fermentation state is unique to chicken manure, cow manure, The unique foul odor is reduced to the point where even the strong ammonia smell becomes undetectable, making it difficult to attract dung-eating insects and worms. At this time, the proper moisture content of the chicken manure, especially the dryness, In many cases, the problem is not the amount of water, but the fermentation of easily decomposable organic matter by aerobic fermentation requires an excess amount of water. Since this can cause a bad odor, it is recommended to mix the material after mixing and when transferring it for the first time after 7 days. Place on eye and do not add water even if the water content is low.

[0063] It is thought that food residues can also be mixed, but whether they can be mixed or not is determined by the following: Judgment is based on the mycelium growth, moisture content, and odor characteristics of the compost during the first and third stirring and transfer. If the final compost component values ​​deviate from the target values, the mixing ratio should be reconsidered. do.

[0064] From experience, it has been found that by the fourth stirring and transfer, decomposition of easily decomposable organic matter continues but is not the main process. In the conventional compost production method, the decomposition of cellulose and other fibers occurs. After 4 to 6 stirring movements, the removal of easily decomposable organic matter is completed. It is commercialized as a fixed end point for composting due to the reduction of odor, color of compost, and moisture content. In the case of truck-type sales of beef cattle manure, the moisture content is about 50% (Table 1). To be sold.

[0065] [Table 1]

[0066] In the case of chicken manure or pig manure, the above number of stirring times leaves a foul odor, so a rotary stirring device or similar is recommended. Transfer to a dry place and stir until the moisture content is about 30% (Table 1). After moving to a rotary mixer, the material is mixed daily for drying purposes. Because of this movement, the fermentation and decomposition of difficult-to-decompose organic matter seems to be hindered, which is why the compost from laying hens and pig manure is so difficult to decompose. This reduces the germination rate of the compost (Table 1).

[0067] As a different organic resource from the neighborhood, waste mushroom beds of Bunashimeji mushrooms are located in our bagging factory and compost center. It is used as an additive because the mixture is mainly made of sawdust with a high carbon content. This will be done four weeks after the fourth agitation transfer. At this point, the aerobic soil is mainly composed of easily decomposable organic matter. The biodegradation process is nearing completion, and the decomposition of refractory organic matter by wood-rotting fungi and other fungi is now possible. It seems to be transitioning to.

[0068] The initial mixture ratio of 3:3:1 reduces in volume due to fermentation, but the tire shovel bucket is full. Here too, cow manure, chicken manure, and return compost were mixed in 6 buckets with 1 bucket of waste mushroom bed in a ratio of 6:1. This waste mushroom bed also contains organic resources that are not fed to beef cattle or laying hens. This process allows all unused organic resources to be mixed and the fungus-derived wood-decay fungus to Addition of this product is expected to decompose persistent organic matter.

[0069] After that, the stirring and moving is repeated, but in the production up to May 2021, water The mixture was stirred about 10 times without adding any chemicals, and then dried by tractor stirring. As a result, the compost was not of high quality, with a carbon content of 13.5 and a germination rate of 84% (Table 1 )

[0070] This is the important step in the production of compost in this invention. In fact, from the fourth stirring onwards, the mycelium generating device In this case, depending on the actual apparent moisture content, the necessary amount of moisture may be added before the next mixing. Use agricultural irrigation equipment such as sprinklers and irrigation tubes to irrigate the required amount of water. Depending on the surface area of ​​the compost pile, it seems appropriate to spread the amount equivalent to 20 to 30 mm of rainfall.

[0071] Previously, the work was carried out at 7-day intervals, but from now on, the work will be carried out at 7-day intervals, so the work will be carried out at 7-day intervals. The moving is done by a tire shovel, but currently, 16 mixing moves are made, so the facility A 4-ton dump was set up at the initial stage, and the dump was moved to three locations every day. The total volume of the waste mushroom bed is 70 cubic meters, but the volume is 60 cubic meters. The volume decreases each time, and stirring and moving one area takes about an hour.

[0072] The moisture content of piled compost dries quickly in summer, so the moisture content may decrease after three stirrings. If necessary, water the compost as described above. The changes were difficult to recognize in reality, and there were some doubts about their necessity. Based on the test results of Nomazetakun Neo, we decided to mix it 16 times and for a period of more than 120 days. I decided to do this, and analyzed the Mazeta-kun neo in June of the following year, and from the test results, it seemed like a waste at first glance. This is because we recognize that work is, in fact, an essential requirement.

[0073] The entire process was carried out once a week for over four months, with 16 stirring and transfer steps to ensure the optimum moisture content. The analysis results for Mazetakun neo (Table 1) showed a moisture content of 27.4% and a carbon content of 9.2%, which are the targets for high-quality compost. , crude ash content 58.7% and potassium 4.4% were achieved, and it was clear that all the work of this invention was meaningful. It has become.

[0074] Our company has been producing and selling mixed compost made from cow and chicken manure for over 20 years, but we have noticed variations in the quality of the compost. Therefore, agricultural customers have expressed concerns about pelletization and the inability to spread the product with lime soar. The product quality that was thought to be possible was required, but the product (Mazetakun) from this year, Reiwa 4, eo) makes it easier to spray with a backpack sprayer and can also be used with lime soar. It has become.

[0075] Conventional compost made from beef cattle does not decompose sawdust residues or cow hair, and Because the product had a low specific gravity, it was difficult to pass through a small sieve, and light, large particles and Because it contains fiber, use a manure spreader or blend caster to mix it per 1000 square meters. Over 500 kg have been sprayed.

[0076] For this reason, pelletization and other commercialization are being carried out, and the systems require expensive capital investment and operation. The fully matured compost of the present invention contains fiber components and The hair was clearly decomposed, resulting in a heavy compost. Normal cow manure compost is sold at home improvement stores in 8 kg / 20 liter bags, but the fully matured compost of this invention can be packed in 12 kg / 20 liter bags.

[0077] The low carbon content of 21.2% is due to the presence of heavy silicate, potassium, and other crude ash. In order to achieve soil-like properties with high water content, the soil is actually passed through a stainless steel mesh with 7.4 mm spacing. It is now possible to spread the product using backpack spreaders and lime soars, which is expensive pellets. This was achieved without any modification.

Claims

1. This compost is made by mixing beef cow manure, egg-laying hens manure, and already produced product compost in a volume ratio of 3:3:0.5 to 2 to be used as return compost in order to add microorganisms that promote fermentation and decomposition.

2. The compost of claim 1 has a moisture content of less than 30%, a carbon content (C / N ratio) of less than 10, a crude ash content of 50% or more, and a potassium content of 4% or more.

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