Open shield machine and open shield method using the same

Abstract

To provide an open shield machine and an open shield construction method using the same, capable of passing under a house or the like without hindrance and installing a U-shaped concrete culvert by the lifting equipment without removing the bridge even if the bridge is built in an existing river or a water channel in the existing river or the water channel improvement work in which the height of the lifting equipment is low.SOLUTION: Lifting equipment 28 mounted on an open shield machine 1 is fixed at the upper ends of both side plates of a tail part 16 so that a traveling gutter 29 is extended backward from the rear end of the tail part 16, the front and rear end parts of the traveling gutter 29 are connected by a fixed beam 3 and formed in a frame-like structure, and a hoisting machine 3 is mounted on a traveling beam 2 which is laid across both traveling gutters 29 so as to travel and traverse.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an open shield machine and an open shield construction method using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] The open shield method is a highly rational method that combines the advantages of the open cut method and the shield method, and an overview of it is shown in Figure 11.

[0003] In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an open shield machine, which, as shown in Figures 9 and 11, is a shield machine with openings on the front, back and top, consisting of left and right side wall plates 1a and a bottom plate 1b connected to these side wall plates 1a.

[0004] The open shield machine 1 has propulsion jacks 3 arranged vertically on the left and right sides of the cross section from the front end portion to the rear within the tail portion 16.

[0005] The open shield machine 1 has a body divided into a front section 2 and a tail section 16 in the longitudinal direction, and the front end of the tail section 16 is fitted into the rear end of the front section 2, forming a bending section 17 at the mutual fitting portion, making it bendable. A bending jack 11 is disposed in this bending section 17.

[0006] The front section 2 is mainly the excavation section, and as mentioned above, the tail section 16 has the propulsion jack 3 arranged therein, and the concrete box 4 and the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 described below are suspended and installed within the tail section 16.

[0007] At the front end of the front section 2, a slide retaining plate 9 is mounted with a slide jack 10. 13 is a press bar (press angle) made of H-shaped steel or the like (see Figure 10).

[0008] After assembling the open shield machine 1 in the designated position inside the departure shaft 7, the propulsion jacks 3 of the open shield machine 1 are extended, and the open shield machine 1 is moved forward using the reaction force of the reaction wall 8 installed inside the departure shaft 7, and the first concrete box 4 that will form the underground structure is lowered from above and set behind the retracted propulsion jacks 3 inside the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1. At this time, the lifting machine 14 is positioned behind the departure shaft 7.

[0009] The concrete boxes 4 that are laid sequentially inside the departure shaft 7 are boxes that are temporarily installed as reaction force transmission materials after the open shield machine 1 propels forward and exits the departure shaft 7, and then propel them a predetermined distance until the propulsion force of the open shield machine 1 is no longer transmitted to the reaction force wall 8 inside the departure shaft 7, at which point they are removed.

[0010] The departure shaft 7 is composed of a retaining wall 18, etc., and in order to launch the open shield machine 1, a portion of the retaining wall in front of it is cut away, but if necessary, ground improvement work may be done in front of the departure shaft 7 by injecting chemicals, etc.

[0011] Next, after cutting a portion of the retaining wall in front of the departure shaft 7, an excavator 6 such as a shovel is used to excavate and remove earth and sand from above the ground in front of the open shield machine 1.

[0012] Simultaneously with or after this soil removal process, the propulsion jack 3 is extended to move the open shield machine 1 forward. During this forward movement process, a press bar 13 (see Figure 10) consisting of a frame made of box steel or mold steel is placed in front of the concrete box 4.

[0013] Then, after the open shield machine 1 moves forward the length of one box, the second concrete box 4 is lifted and lowered into the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1 by the crane 14 and set in front of the first concrete box 4.

[0014] Although not shown, the concrete box 4 is made of reinforced concrete or precast reinforced concrete, and is a rectangular, one-piece structure consisting of a left-side panel, a right-side panel, a top panel, and a bottom panel, with openings on the front and back.

[0015] Thereafter, the same excavation and soil removal process, advancement process, and concrete box 4 setting process are repeated as appropriate, and the concrete boxes 4 are successively left in the ground in a vertical row as the open shield machine 1 advances, and backfilling 5 is performed on the top surface of these concrete boxes 4, and the surface is paved.

[0016] In the process of setting the concrete box 4, after the concrete box 4 is set inside the tail machine, the backfill injection material 15 is injected as a primary injection, and the backfill injection material 15 is injected as a secondary injection into voids that occur in the ground during the excavation, soil removal and forward movement processes of the open shield machine 1.

[0017] Once the open shield machine 1 reaches the destination tunnel, it is removed and the construction is completed.

[0018] In river improvement work, if the river to be worked on does not become a culvert, a U-shaped concrete open channel is used instead of a concrete box 4, and part of the riverbed near houses on both sides is dug down and a U-shaped concrete open channel is laid to increase the cross section of the river through which water flows. In such river improvement work, an existing bridge 45 is often installed to cross the river midway along the construction route (see Figures 6 to 8).

[0019] In construction work under such conditions, it is difficult for lifting machines 14 and the like to enter, so a construction method using an open shield machine 1 equipped with box body hoisting equipment 39 is adopted.

[0020] The following patent document also shows an open shield machine equipped with such a box-hanging equipment 39. [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 3194190

[0021] As shown in Figures 9 and 10, the box body hoisting and lowering equipment 39 is formed as a frame with a support pillar 40 erected at the upper end of the tail section 16 and a beam 42 spanning the support pillar 40, with a bracket 41 attached to the inside of the support pillar 40, and this bracket 41 supports the running girder 29 to which the rail 30 is attached, and this running girder 29 is installed so as to protrude rearward from the tail section 16.

[0022] A traveling beam 32 that travels using a traveling motor 36 is installed on the rails 30 of each girder 29, and a hoist 35 equipped with a traverse motor 37 is attached to a traverse beam 31 that is hung horizontally on the traveling beam 32. Thus, the hoist 35 can travel horizontally in the cross-sectional direction within the box body hoisting and lowering equipment 39.

[0023] As a result, the hoisting machine 35 can travel on the traveling girder 29 and move laterally on the traverse beam 31, so that the box body hoisting equipment 39 equipped with the hoisting machine 35 can hoist the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 into the tail section 16 and install it accurately.

[0024] Incidentally, since there is an existing bridge over the river, the existing bridge 45 is temporarily removed during the construction period, and after the open shield machine 1 passes over the area where the existing bridge 45 is located, the existing bridge 45 is restored. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0025] Open shield machines equipped with box-lifting equipment do not require lining equipment for cases where cranes cannot enter or for construction vehicles such as cranes and dump trucks for transporting excavated soil to enter and exit.

[0026] However, when the box-lowering equipment is mounted on an open shield machine, overhead wires or other structures may cross or run vertically above the construction route, and if they are at the height of the box-lowering equipment, it may be necessary to reroute the overhead wires or other structures.

[0027] Furthermore, when repair work is being carried out on existing rivers or waterways that are close to houses on both sides, the eaves of the houses often extend above the existing river or waterway, and the eaves can get in the way of an open shield machine equipped with box-hanging equipment, making it impossible to carry out the work.

[0028] Furthermore, if there is a bridge over a river or other waterway, the bridge will need to be removed during the construction period, and nearby residents will need to take a detour.

[0029] In particular, when a bridge spans a river or waterway in a residential area, the road connecting to the bridge is often a residential road, and it is often not possible to remove the bridge even temporarily during construction.

[0030] The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned inconveniences and to provide an open shield machine and an open shield construction method using the same which is low in height to be equipped with lifting equipment, can pass under bridges without hindrance without removing them when repairing existing rivers or waterways close to houses, etc., and can install U-shaped concrete open channels using the lifting equipment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0031] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention as set forth in claim 1 is an open shield machine with openings at the front, rear and top, consisting of left and right side wall panels and a bottom plate of approximately the same length connecting these side wall panels, and this open shield machine is formed so that the front end of the rear body of the machine, which serves as the tail section, fits into the rear end of the front body, which serves as the front section, making it bendable, and in this open shield machine, propulsion jacks are arranged in multiple stages so as to extend rearward from both sides of the front end within the tail section, the lifting equipment to be installed is fixed at the upper ends of both side panels of the tail section so that the traveling girders extend rearward from the rear end of the tail section, the front and rear ends of both traveling girders are connected by fixed beams to form a frame-like structure, and a hoist is placed on a traveling beam that is strung horizontally across both traveling girders, allowing traveling and lateral movement.

[0032] The open shield construction method is an open shield machine with openings at the front, rear and top, consisting of left and right side wall plates and a bottom plate that is approximately the same length as these side wall plates and connects them, and this open shield machine is formed so that the front end of the rear body of the machine as the tail part fits into the rear end of the front body as the front part, making it bendable, and in this open shield machine, propulsion jacks are arranged in multiple stages so that they extend rearward from both sides of the front end inside the tail part, and the lifting equipment installed is fixed at the upper ends of both side plates of the tail part so that the traveling girders extend rearward from the rear end of the tail part, and the front and rear ends of both traveling girders are connected by fixed beams to form a frame-like structure, and a hoist is placed on the traveling beam that is strung across both traveling girders, making it possible for the open shield machine to travel and move sideways. The gist of this method is to form a waterway using a U-shaped concrete open channel underground by repeating the following steps: a step of using a shield machine to excavate and remove earth and sand from the opening on the top surface of the front part of the shield machine and in front of it; a step of extending a propulsion jack attached to the shield machine and moving the shield machine forward using a U-shaped concrete open channel laid behind the jack as a reaction force; a step of transporting multiple blocks of the divided U-shaped concrete open channel inside the laid U-shaped concrete open channel behind the shield machine using transportation equipment, lifting the multiple concrete blocks with lifting equipment installed at the top end of the tail part of the shield machine, and moving them one by one into the tail part; and a step of suspending the multiple concrete blocks one by one into the tail part using the lifting equipment, installing them, and assembling them.

[0033] According to the present invention, the lifting equipment does not have any supports, so the height from the ground to the equipment can be kept lower than in the case of an open shield machine equipped with a box-hanging equipment. Therefore, even if a bridge is built over an existing river or waterway, the open shield machine 1 equipped with the lifting equipment can pass under the bridge without any hindrance without removing the bridge.

[0034] Furthermore, no lining equipment is required as an access passage for lifting machines and transport vehicles, and the height from the ground to the top of the equipment is sufficiently lower than that of an open shield machine equipped with box-hanging equipment, allowing the assembly and installation of the U-shaped concrete open channel within the tail section. [Effects of the Invention]

[0035] As described above, the open shield machine and open shield construction method of the present invention do not require the installation of an access passage for a crane, etc. Furthermore, even in narrow spaces near houses and over existing rivers or waterways with bridges, it is possible to smoothly form underground waterways using U-shaped concrete open channels without removing the bridges. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0036] [Figure 1] 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the open shield method of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 2] 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing an embodiment of the open shield construction method of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view showing one embodiment of the open shield method of the present invention during laying of a U-shaped concrete open channel. [Figure 4] 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the open shield machine of the present invention. FIG. [Figure 5] This is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Figure 4. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a conventional open shield construction method. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section view of a conventional open shield tunneling method during excavation. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a side view of a U-shaped concrete box being installed using a conventional open shield construction method. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view of a conventional open shield machine. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional side view of a conventional open shield machine. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overview of the open shield method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] An embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a longitudinal side view of the same, in which 1 is an open shield machine, consisting of a front section 2 and a tail section 16, the front section of the tail section 16 fitting to the rear of the front section 2, and the fitting section is a bent section 17, which allows bending. As shown in Fig. 5, both the front section 2 and the tail section 16 are made up of a bottom plate 1b and left and right side walls 1a, and are open at the top.

[0038] Sliding earth retaining plates 9 with built-in slide jacks are installed on both ends of the front section 2. These sliding earth retaining plates can be extended forward, and have the function of preventing loosening of the side ground when the ground in front of the front section 2 is excavated while forming a slope.

[0039] The propulsion jacks 3 are arranged at the front end side of the tail section 16 facing rearward, side by side, and in multiple stages, both vertically and horizontally.

[0040] The lifting equipment 28 provided on this open shield machine 1 is a running girder 29, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, which extends rearward from the rear end of the tail section 16 and is fixed to the upper ends of both side plates 1a of the tail section with bolts 38.

[0041] The front and rear ends of both running girders 29 are fixed to fixed beams 33 between the running girders, forming a frame-like structure in plan view.

[0042] The hoist 35 is installed on the traverse beam 31 so that it can move traversely in the cross-sectional direction of the tail portion 16, and can be moved traversely by a traverse motor 37.

[0043] Both ends of the traverse beam 31 are laid across the travel beams 32 installed on the travel girders 29, so that the vehicle can travel using a travel motor 36.

[0044] Figures 1 and 2 show the situation when the open shield machine 1 is digging under the existing bridge 45. Because the distance between the open shield machine 1 and the existing bridge 45 is small, the excavator 6 cannot be positioned forward or mounted on the front part 2, so here manual excavation 44 is used.

[0045] A transporting facility 22 is placed behind the tail section 16. The transporting facility 22 is composed of a battery locomotive 23 and a transporting carriage 24, and a surplus soil transporting vessel for loading excavated soil excavated inside the front section 2 of the open shield machine 1 is placed on the transporting carriage 24.

[0046] A rail system 25 is laid on the bottom slab in the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 that has already been laid behind the open shield machine 1, allowing the transport system 22 to travel on top of it.

[0047] While manual excavation 44 is being carried out in the front section 2, the excavated soil is loaded by a belt conveyor 43 into a surplus soil loading vessel 26 placed on a transporting cart 24 of a transporting facility 22 arranged at the rear.

[0048] While the open shield machine 1 excavates as described above, the propulsion jack 3 is extended and the open shield machine 1 is propelled forward via the press bar 13, while the propulsion reaction force of the open shield machine 1 is applied to the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 abutting the press bar 13 and the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 connected to the rear of the press bar 13.

[0049] Once the excavated soil is loaded into the soil loading vessel 26, the transporting equipment 22 transports it to the departure shaft 7, and the soil loading vessel 26, now filled with excavated soil, is lifted to the ground by a lifting machine 14 placed above the departure shaft 7, and the excavated soil is loaded onto a soil removal dump truck 27 and removed.

[0050] The above steps are repeated while the open shield machine 1 is advanced along one length of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20.

[0051] Furthermore, if, as the open shield machine 1 advances, the rear of the belt conveyor 43 can no longer reach the waste soil loading vessel 26, the waste soil loading vessel 26 can be lifted up by the lifting equipment 28 installed on the top of the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1 and moved toward the tail section 16, allowing the loading of excavated soil to continue.

[0052] The next step is the transportation of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 and the assembly and installation process inside the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1.

[0053] After the open shield machine 1 has finished excavating one length of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20, the divided U-shaped concrete open channel 20 is suspended below the shaft by a lifting machine 14 placed on the ground of the starting shaft 7, and loaded onto a transport cart 24 of the transport equipment 22 that has been placed there.

[0054] As shown in Figure 5, the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 is made up of a pair of L-shaped concrete blocks 20a, which are connected at the connecting end faces 21 of the bottom slabs of the U-shaped concrete open channel 20. As shown in Figure 1, these connecting end faces 21 are staggered in the direction of extension of the U-shaped concrete open channel.

[0055] A pair of L-shaped concrete blocks 20a of a U-shaped concrete open channel 20 loaded onto a transporting facility 22 at the departure shaft 7 is transported to the rear of the tail section 16 of the open shield machine 1.

[0056] Next, the hoist 35 of the lifting equipment 28 is used to hoist either the left or right L-shaped concrete block 20a within the tail section 16, and it is installed so that its cross section matches the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 already laid at the front, and the other L-shaped concrete block 20a is installed in the same way.

[0057] Although not shown, the connecting end faces of the U-shaped concrete open channel blocks are joined with bolts, and the connections between the U-shaped concrete open channels are fastened with PC steel rods. In addition, the primary injection using backfill injection material 15 after installing the U-shaped concrete open channel 20 at the tail portion 16 and the secondary injection using backfill injection material 15 when the open shield machine 1 is excavating are carried out in the same manner as described above.

[0058] By repeating the above steps, a U-shaped concrete open channel is laid. [Explanation of symbols]

[0059] 1...Open shield machine 1a...Side wall plate 1b...Bottom plate 2...Front part 3...Propulsion jack (shield jack) 4...Concrete box 5...Backfill 6...Excavator 7...Starting shaft 8...Reaction wall 9...Sliding retaining plate 10...Slide jack 11...Bending jack 13...Press bar (push angle) 14...Lifting machine 15...Backfill injection material 16...Tail section 17...Bent section 18...Retaining wall 19...PC steel rod 20...U-shaped concrete open channel 20a...L-shaped concrete block 21...Connection end face 22...Transportation equipment 23...Battery locomotive 24...Transportation cart 25...Rail equipment 26... Vessel for loading surplus soil 27... Dump truck for transporting surplus soil 28... Lifting equipment 29... Traveling girder 30...Rail 31...Travel beam 32...Running beam 33...Fixed beam 34...Stopper 35...Winding machine 36...Travel motor 37...Travel motor 38...Bolt 39...Box lifting equipment 40...Support 41...Bracket 42...Beam 43...Conveyor belt 44...Manual excavation 45...Existing bridge

Claims

1. An open shield machine with openings on the front, rear, and top, consisting of left and right side wall panels and a bottom plate connecting the side wall panels and of approximately the same length, and in which the front, rear, and top of the machine are open; the open shield machine is formed so that the front end of the rear body of the machine, which serves as the tail section, fits into the rear end of the front body of the machine, which serves as the front section, making it bendable; and in which propulsion jacks are arranged in multiple stages so as to extend rearward from both sides of the front end of the tail section. In this open shield machine, the lifting equipment installed is characterized in that the traveling girders are fixed at the upper ends of both side panels of the tail section so that they extend rearward from the rear end of the tail section, the front and rear ends of both traveling girders are connected by fixed beams to form a frame-like structure, and a hoist is placed on the traveling beams that are strung horizontally across both traveling girders, allowing the machine to travel and move sideways.

2. An open shield machine with openings at the front, rear and top, consisting of left and right side wall panels and a bottom plate that is approximately the same length as these side wall panels and connects them, and this open shield machine is formed so that the front end of the rear body of the machine as the tail section fits into the rear end of the front body as the front section, making it bendable, and in which propulsion jacks are arranged in multiple stages so as to extend rearward from both sides of the front end of the tail section, the lifting equipment installed is fixed at the upper ends of both side plates of the tail section so that the traveling girders extend rearward from the rear end of the tail section, the front and rear ends of both traveling girders are connected by fixed beams to form a frame-like structure, and a hoist is placed on the traveling beam that is strung across both traveling girders, making it possible for the open shield machine to travel and move sideways, a step of excavating and removing earth and sand from an opening on an upper surface of a front portion of the shield machine and in front of the opening; a step of extending a propulsion jack provided on the shield machine and moving the shield machine forward using a U-shaped concrete open channel laid behind the jack as a reaction force; a process of transporting a plurality of blocks of the divided U-shaped concrete open channel within the laid U-shaped concrete open channel behind the shield machine using transportation equipment, lifting the plurality of concrete blocks with lifting equipment installed at the upper end of the tail section of the shield machine, and moving them sequentially into the tail section; a step of lowering the plurality of concrete blocks in order into the tail section by the lifting equipment, and assembling the blocks; This open shield construction method is characterized by forming a U-shaped concrete open channel underground by repeating the above process.

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