Apparatus and method for producing fuel from a mixture containing flammable substances

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines from a solid or liquid or liquid mixture containing a flammable substance. [Solution] In a distillation apparatus (3) consisting of a heating / evaporation device (1) and a condensing device (2), the condensing device (2) is installed inside the container that makes up the heating / evaporation device (1). The heating / evaporation device (1) is equipped with a device for introducing a liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher, a device for introducing a mixture, and a device for removing a mixture. A vacuum pump is installed in the distillation apparatus (3). This provides an apparatus for producing fuel from a mixture containing flammable substances that has a simple structure, is easy to process, has excellent durability, is easy to maintain and service, and can continuously produce fuel oil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vacuum distillation apparatus composed of a heating and evaporation device (1) and a condensation device (2) and a vacuum pump (4) for producing a fuel that can be used in a gasoline engine and / or a diesel engine and / or a boiler and / or a gas turbine from a solid or liquid or a liquid mixture containing a solid containing a combustible substance, and having the characteristics of simple structure and easy maintenance.

Background Art

[0002] On the earth, there are many states in which various mixtures are mixed in substances containing solids, liquids, and solids in liquids. However, in the field of science and technology, there is a need for technologies to extract beneficial substances from mixtures by removing moisture contained in sludge, oil, wood, and garbage, and separating single or multiple substances from a mixture containing combustible substances having single or different boiling points due to the difference in boiling points. These technologies include separation methods using a centrifuge utilizing centrifugal force, separation methods utilizing inertial force, separation methods utilizing precipitation action, and methods combining these, and methods of separating beneficial substances contained in a mixture by heating a substance containing a combustible mixture to vaporize a part of the structure and condensing it, which are roughly classified into methods of separating by the difference in boiling points.

[0003] Among these methods, for example, as described in Patent Documents Ⅰ and Ⅱ, there are reports that mixtures can be separated and removed only by physical methods such as centrifugal force, inertial force, gravity, and pressure difference. However, in order to put into practical use a device for effectively separating and removing mixtures contained in a source fluid, it is necessary to have the characteristics of simple structure (easy to process and excellent in durability) and easy maintenance (almost maintenance-free).

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document Ⅰ

[0005] In contrast, as described in Patent Documents 3 and 4, for example, there is a method in which a liquid is placed in a container under reduced pressure and heated to vaporize and condense it, thereby separating it from the mixture in the liquid.

[0006] [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-237943 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-028726 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] However, generally speaking, if a device that can separate and remove substances contained in a mixture using only physical methods such as centrifugal force, inertial force, gravity, and pressure difference is given the characteristics of a simple structure and easy maintenance, the separation capacity may decrease, and the device may become larger. Furthermore, when using a method in which a liquid is placed in a depressurized container, heated to vaporize it, and then guided to a condenser to condense it and separate it from a mixture in the liquid, the fluid that has been heated and turned into a gas in the evaporator may be cooled and liquefied on the upper part and walls of the container that makes up the evaporator, which could prevent the vaporized fluid from reaching the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporator and the condenser.

[0008] Therefore, the present invention aims to provide an apparatus for producing fuel from a mixture containing a flammable substance, characterized in that, in a distillation apparatus (3) consisting of a heating / evaporation apparatus (1) and a condensing apparatus (2), the condensing apparatus (2) is installed inside a container that constitutes the heating / evaporation apparatus (1), and the heating / evaporation apparatus (1) is equipped with a device for introducing a liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher, a device for introducing the mixture, and a device for removing the mixture, thereby enabling continuous production of fuel oil. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The invention described in claim 1 relates to a distillation apparatus (3) comprising a heating / evaporating device (1) and a condensing device (2) that has the function of separating components within the boiling point range usable by gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines from solid or liquid or liquid mixtures containing flammable substances based on differences in boiling point, wherein the condensing device (2) is installed inside the container that constitutes the heating / evaporating device (1), thereby eliminating the need for piping connecting the heating / evaporating device (1) and the condensing device (2) and the container that constitutes the condensing device (2), and heating - The vaporized fluid, heated and turned into a gas in the evaporator (1), is cooled and liquefied on the upper part and walls of the container constituting the heating and evaporator (1), thereby preventing the vaporized fluid from reaching the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporator and the condenser. Furthermore, the structure includes a device for introducing a liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher into the heating and evaporator (1), a device for introducing a solid or liquid mixture containing flammable substances or a liquid mixture containing solids, and a device for removing a mixture from which components with boiling points below approximately 350°C have been removed by heating to approximately 350°C or higher in the heating and evaporator (1), thereby enabling the production of fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines.

[0010] The invention described in claim 2 relates to a distillation apparatus (3) comprising a heating / evaporating device (1) and a condensing device (2) for producing fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines from a solid or liquid or solid mixture containing a flammable substance, wherein the condensing device (2) is installed inside the container that constitutes the heating / evaporating device (1), thereby eliminating the need for piping connecting the heating / evaporating device (1) and the condensing device (2) and the container that constitutes the condensing device (2), and the heating / evaporating device (1) In this device, the fluid that has been heated and turned into a gas is cooled and liquefied on the upper part and walls of the container constituting the heating and evaporating device (1), thereby preventing the vaporized fluid from reaching the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporating device and the condensing device. Furthermore, by using a method that involves installing a device for introducing a liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher into the heating and evaporating device (1), a device for introducing a solid or liquid mixture containing a flammable substance or a liquid mixture containing a solid, and a device for removing a mixture from which components with a boiling point below approximately 350°C have been removed by heating to approximately 350°C or higher in the heating and evaporating device (1), it is possible to continuously produce fuel that can be used in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines.

[0011] The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that, in a heating and evaporation apparatus, effective and efficient heating and evaporation can be promoted by using only a liquid, which is a substance with superior thermal conductivity characteristics to air (for example, vegetable oil has a thermal conductivity of about 0.15 [W / mK], about 5 times that of air, compared to the thermal conductivity of air of about 0.03 [W / mK]), as the heat transfer medium from a heat source to a solid or liquid substance containing a flammable substance or a mixture of a solid and a liquid substance containing a solid.

[0012] The invention described in claim 4 is characterized in that, in a heating and evaporation apparatus, effective and efficient heating and evaporation can be promoted by using only a liquid, which is a substance with superior thermal conductivity characteristics to air (for example, vegetable oil has a thermal conductivity of about 0.15 [W / mK], about 5 times that of air, compared to the thermal conductivity of air of about 0.03 [W / mK]), as the heat transfer medium from a heat source to a solid or liquid substance containing a flammable substance or a mixture of a solid and a liquid substance containing a solid.

[0013] The invention described in claim 5 is characterized in that, in the process of heating, vaporizing, pyrolysis, and condensing a mixture containing plastic manufactured from naphtha, a type of petroleum product, liquid hydrocarbons are produced at room temperature through the processes of heating, vaporizing, pyrolysis, and condensation, and fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines is produced using the same, a heating and evaporating device (1) and / or a distillation device (3) consisting of a heating, vaporizing and pyrolysis device and a condensation device (2) are provided, and the distillation device (3) is provided with a vacuum pump, thereby, in the process of heating and vaporizing a solid or liquid or solid-containing mixture containing plastic, the air inside the device that heats and vaporizes the plastic is sucked out using the vacuum pump before heating the mixture containing flammable substances, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration inside the device that heats and vaporizes the plastic to below the combustion and explosion limit, and preventing flammable substances contained in the mixture containing plastic from igniting, burning, and exploding.

[0014] The invention described in claim 6 is characterized in that, in the process of heating, vaporizing, pyrolysis, and condensing a mixture containing plastic, which is manufactured from naphtha, a type of petroleum product, a heating and evaporating device (1) and / or a distillation device (3) consisting of a heating, vaporizing and pyrolysis device and a condensation device (2), a vacuum pump is installed in the distillation device (3) to prevent ignition, combustion, and explosion of flammable substances contained in the mixture containing plastic, by using a method in which a vacuum pump is used to suck air from inside the device that heats and vaporizes the plastic before heating the mixture containing flammable substances, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration inside the device that heats and vaporizes the plastic to below the combustion and explosion limit, in the process of heating and vaporizing a solid or liquid or solid or liquid mixture containing plastic, before heating the mixture containing flammable substances.

[0015] The invention described in claim 7 is an apparatus for producing fuel from a mixture containing a combustible substance, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, in the process of producing fuel usable in an engine by heating, vaporizing, and condensing a mixture including tires manufactured from petroleum-based rubber, natural rubber, metal, and black carbon as raw materials, a vacuum pump is installed in the distillation apparatus (3), thereby lowering the pressure inside the distillation apparatus (3) to below atmospheric pressure, thereby lowering the boiling point of the component to be separated by differences in boiling point, preventing alteration and / or deterioration of the component to be separated by differences in boiling point due to temperature rise, and reducing the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid by differences in boiling point.

[0016] The invention described in claim 8 is a method for producing fuel from a mixture containing a combustible substance, as described in claim 2, characterized in that, in the process of producing fuel usable in an engine by heating, vaporizing, and condensing a mixture including tires manufactured from petroleum-based rubber, natural rubber, metal, and black carbon as raw materials, a vacuum pump is installed in the distillation apparatus (3), thereby lowering the pressure inside the distillation apparatus (3) to below atmospheric pressure, thereby lowering the boiling point of the components to be separated by differences in boiling points, preventing alteration and / or deterioration of the components to be separated by differences in boiling points due to temperature rise, and reducing the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid by differences in boiling points.

[0017] The invention described in claim 9 is a device for producing fuel from a mixture containing combustible substances, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, in the process of producing fuel that can be effectively burned in a boiler by removing moisture contained in a mixture mainly consisting of wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or food waste using a vacuum distillation apparatus consisting of a distillation apparatus (3) comprising a heating / evaporation apparatus (1) and a condensing apparatus (2), and a vacuum pump (4), the condensing apparatus (2) is installed inside the container comprising the heating / evaporation apparatus (1), and the distillation apparatus (3), which is a device for removing moisture contained in a mixture mainly consisting of wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or food waste, has a structure in which a vacuum pump is installed, thereby reducing the pressure inside the distillation apparatus (3) to 10 kPa or less, thereby reducing the boiling point of water to approximately 45°C or less, making the temperature of the heat source of the heating / evaporation apparatus more versatile, and reducing the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid due to differences in boiling points.

[0018] The invention described in claim 10 is a method for producing fuel from a mixture containing combustible substances, as described in claim 2, characterized in that, in the process of producing fuel that can be effectively burned in a boiler by removing moisture contained in a mixture mainly consisting of wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or food waste using a distillation apparatus (3) consisting of a heating / evaporation apparatus (1) and a condenser (2), and a vacuum distillation apparatus (4), the condenser (2) is installed inside the container that constitutes the heating / evaporation apparatus (1), and a vacuum pump is installed in the distillation apparatus (3), which is a device for removing moisture contained in a mixture mainly consisting of wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or food waste, thereby reducing the pressure inside the distillation apparatus (3) to 10 kPa or less, thereby lowering the boiling point of water to approximately 45°C or less, making the temperature of the heat source of the heating / evaporation apparatus more versatile, and reducing the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid due to differences in boiling points.

[0019] A distillation apparatus that has the function of separating components within a specific boiling point range by heating a liquid composed of multiple components with different boiling points, or a liquid composed of multiple components with different boiling points and a solid contained in this liquid, is an apparatus that heats the mixture in an evaporator above the boiling point of the component to be separated to vaporize it, and then cools the vaporized component below its boiling point in a condenser to condense it.

[0020] Generally, evaporators and condensers are manufactured as independent units connected by pipes. When using a distillation apparatus consisting of such an evaporator and condenser to remove water from sludge or oil, for example, the liquid containing the mixture needs to be heated to 100°C, the boiling point of water at atmospheric pressure. Also, when extracting oil from a mixture (sludge-like substance containing oil) produced in the refining process of vegetable oil (edible oil), the temperature of the mixture needs to be heated to 350-400°C, the boiling point of vegetable oil at atmospheric pressure. Evaporators usually fill the evaporator container with the mixture up to a set liquid level and heat it to vaporize it. To prevent the mixture near the liquid level from reaching the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporator and condenser and mixing with the vaporized components (priming phenomenon in boilers), a space is provided at the top of the container. If this space is not properly insulated, the components vaporized at the liquid level may cool and condense on the container walls forming the space, and may not reach the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporator and condenser. Furthermore, while it is necessary to guide the vaporized fluid (above 100°C) from the evaporator to the condenser via piping (connecting pipes) that connects the evaporator and the condenser, condensation will occur if the temperature of the vaporized components (fluid) falls below the boiling point. Therefore, especially with high-temperature fluids, it is necessary to insulate the connecting pipes and design them in a way that prevents condensation within the pipes.

[0021] Because this phenomenon is difficult to observe from the outside, if the insulation of the upper container wall of the evaporator is insufficient, the mixture heated in the evaporator absorbs the heat of vaporization and turns into a gas. This gas then cools on the upper container wall of the evaporator, releasing the heat of condensation and liquefying. This repeated process prevents the vaporized fluid from reaching the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporator and the condenser. In this invention, by installing the condensing device in the space above the evaporating device, (1) The piping (connecting pipe) connecting the evaporator and the condenser will no longer be required. (2) The containers that make up the condensing device are no longer needed. (3) Heat loss from the walls of the evaporator can be reduced. This has the effect of reducing the installation volume, installation cost, and heat loss.

[0022] When heating a liquid composed of a plurality of components with different boiling points, or a liquid composed of a plurality of components with different boiling points and a solid contained in this liquid, to separate the components within a specific boiling point range by the difference in boiling points, it is necessary to heat the mixture to a temperature above the boiling point of the target component. Therefore, the components to be separated by the difference in boiling points may be deteriorated and / or degraded due to the temperature rise. For example, when removing moisture contained in foods, etc., if the food containing moisture is heated to 100 °C, the components other than the moisture in the food may be deteriorated. Also, when extracting oil from a mixture (sludge-like substance containing oil) generated during the refining process of vegetable oil (edible oil), etc., if the temperature of the mixture is heated to 350 to 400 °C, which is the boiling point of vegetable oil under normal pressure, the components of the vegetable oil may be deteriorated.

[0023] In the present invention, a vacuum pump is connected to a distillation apparatus to reduce the pressure inside a condenser composed of an evaporation apparatus and a condenser to below atmospheric pressure, thereby lowering the boiling point of the target component so that it can be vaporized at a temperature at which other components are not deteriorated.

Effect of the Invention

[0024] By using the present invention, it becomes possible to produce a fuel that can be used in a gasoline engine and / or a diesel engine and / or a boiler and / or a gas turbine from a solid or liquid or liquid containing a solid mixture containing a combustible substance.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0025] [Figure 1] This shows an example of the basic configuration and the functions of the components according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This shows an example of continuously producing a fuel that can be used in a gasoline engine and / or a diesel engine and / or a boiler and / or a gas turbine using the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0026] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in Figure 1, in a distillation apparatus (3) consisting of a heating / evaporating device (1) and a condensing device (2), the condensing device (2) is installed inside the container that makes up the heating / evaporating device (1). This structure eliminates the need for piping connecting the heating / evaporating device (1) and the condensing device (2), as well as the need for a container that makes up the condensing device (2). Furthermore, it prevents the phenomenon in which the vaporized fluid, which has been heated and turned into a gas in the heating / evaporating device (1), is cooled and liquefied on the wall surface of the container that makes up the heating / evaporating device (1), from reaching the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporating device and the condensing device. This function is particularly effective when producing fuel oil by evaporating and condensing vegetable oil composed of components with a boiling point of 350°C or higher.

[0027] To evaporate vegetable oil under atmospheric pressure, a temperature of approximately 350°C or higher is required. Heating the vegetable oil above its boiling point initiates evaporation from the surface. However, if the temperature of the upper and side structures of the heating and evaporation device is lower than this, the vaporized vegetable oil will cool and condense in the upper and side sections of the heating and evaporation device. Since typical heating and evaporation devices and condensing devices are designed and manufactured independently and connected by connecting pipes, if this phenomenon occurs within the heating and evaporation device, the vaporized vegetable oil will repeatedly evaporate and condense within the heating and evaporation device, making it difficult to condense it in the condensing device connected by the connecting pipes. While this phenomenon can be reduced by making the connecting pipes between the heating / evaporating device and the condensing device insulated, as shown in the present invention, in a distillation apparatus (3) consisting of a heating / evaporating device (1) and a condensing device (2), by having the condensing device (2) installed inside the container that constitutes the heating / evaporating device (1), the need for piping connecting the heating / evaporating device (1) and the condensing device (2) and the container that constitutes the condensing device (2) is eliminated. Furthermore, the phenomenon in which the vaporized fluid, which has been heated and turned into a gas in the heating / evaporating device (1), is cooled and liquefied on the top or sides of the container that constitutes the heating / evaporating device (1), can be prevented from reaching the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporating device and the condensing device.

[0028] Using Figure 1, a specific method for producing fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines from a solid or liquid or solid mixture containing a flammable substance will be described.

[0029] First, under atmospheric pressure, a device installed in the heating and evaporation apparatus (1) that allows a liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher to flow into the heating and evaporation apparatus (1) is used to introduce, for example, vegetable oil with a boiling point of 350°C or higher into the heating and evaporation apparatus (1). Then, a solid or liquid mixture containing a flammable substance, or a liquid mixture containing a solid, is introduced. The amount of liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher that flows in is adjusted so that, once the mixture is introduced, the entire mixture is submerged in the incoming liquid. Next, when heating is started using the heating and evaporation device (1), the water contained in the mixture evaporates when the temperature inside the heating and evaporation device (1) reaches 100°C or higher. By installing an atmospheric release valve in the heating and evaporation device (1) and releasing this water into the atmosphere, the mixture becomes a boiler fuel with excellent combustion characteristics from which the water has been removed.

[0030] Further heating causes the kerosene (fraction) and diesel (fraction) components of the mixed oil, manufactured from plastic, to vaporize and condense. By individually extracting these components, they can be used as fuel for gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines.

[0031] When the temperature inside the heating and evaporation device (1) exceeds 350°C, if a mixed oil manufactured from plastic is heated and evaporated, the heavy oil component (fraction) evaporates (vaporizes), and if tires are heated and evaporated, the vegetable (natural rubber) oil component (fraction) evaporates (vaporizes). These components can be collected to become fuel usable in diesel engines. Any substances remaining inside the heating and evaporation device (1) become solid, liquid, or a mixture of solids and other substances that do not contain flammable materials, and are discharged outside the heating and evaporation device (1) by the discharge device.

[0032] Through these processes, wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or mixtures mainly consisting of organic waste become fuel suitable for boilers, with moisture removed and possessing good combustion characteristics.

[0033] A mixture containing plastics manufactured from naphtha, a type of petroleum product, is separated into gasoline, kerosene, light oil, and heavy oil fractions according to the boiling point of the liquid after thermal decomposition. Depending on the properties of each fraction, they can be used as fuel for gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines.

[0034] A mixture containing tires manufactured from petroleum-based rubber, natural rubber, metals, and black carbon is fractionated into petroleum-based rubber fuel and natural rubber fuel, which can be used as fuel in diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines. The natural rubber fuel is a type of GHG-compliant fuel, known as "carbon neutral fuel."

[0035] In the process of continuously performing these operations, the flammable material, which consists of components with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or lower, is heated to approximately 350°C, and through the processes of heating, evaporation, and condensation, becomes fuel. In the heating and evaporation apparatus, the liquid consisting of components with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher that was initially introduced, and a mixture in which the flammable material has been fractionated (and is no longer flammable) after heating and evaporation remain. After removing this mixture using a device, this mixture is moved out of the heating and evaporation apparatus, and then a solid, liquid, or solid-containing liquid mixture is introduced into the remaining liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher, thereby continuously producing fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines.

[0036] Figure 2 shows an example of how the present invention can be used to continuously produce fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines. As shown in Figure 2, when actually manufacturing fuel, two sets of condensing units (3), each consisting of a heating / evaporating unit (1) and a condensing unit (2) as shown in Figure 1, are installed, and the heating / evaporating units (1) are connected to each other with valve-C installed in between. In addition, two distillation units and one vacuum pump are connected, with valves-A and valve-B installed in between.

[0037] The procedure for continuously producing fuel using the apparatus shown in Figure 2 is as follows: (1) A liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher is introduced into the heating and evaporation apparatus (1-A) using the inlet device installed therein. (2) At this time, valves A, B, and C should be kept closed. (3) The substance containing the flammable material is placed in the heating and evaporation device (1-A) so that the mixture is submerged by a fluid with a boiling point of 350°C or higher. (4) The fuel is produced by heating and vaporizing the introduced material using a heating and distillation apparatus, and then condensing it using a distillation apparatus (2-A). (5) In this case, by opening valve-A and reducing the pressure in the distillation apparatus (3-A), in the process of heating and evaporating a solid or liquid mixture containing plastic or a solid or liquid mixture containing solid, the air in the apparatus for heating and vaporizing the plastic can be sucked out using a fluid suction device before heating the mixture containing flammable substances, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration in the apparatus for heating and vaporizing the plastic to below the combustion and explosion limit, and preventing the flammable substances contained in the mixture containing plastic from igniting, burning, and exploding. (6) Furthermore, when heating and evaporating a mixture containing tires manufactured from petroleum-based rubber, natural rubber, metal, and black carbon, opening valve-A and reducing the pressure in the distillation apparatus (3-A) lowers the pressure inside the distillation apparatus (3-A) to below atmospheric pressure, thereby lowering the boiling point of the components to be separated by differences in boiling points. This prevents alteration and / or deterioration of the components to be separated by differences in boiling points due to temperature rise, and also reduces the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid by differences in boiling points. (7) With the inside of the condenser (3-A) open to the atmosphere, valve-A is closed and valves-B and C are opened. At this time, the liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher that was initially introduced using the inlet device is held in the heating and evaporation device (1-A). (8) By using the vacuum pump (4) to reduce the internal pressure of the distillation apparatus (3-B) to below atmospheric pressure, any liquid remaining in the distillation apparatus (3-A) with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher is moved to the heating and evaporating apparatus (3-B) installed inside the distillation apparatus (3-B). (9) Once the liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher remaining in the distillation apparatus (3-A) has finished moving to the heating and evaporating apparatus (3-B) installed inside the distillation apparatus (3-B), valves B and C are closed. (10) The flammable material remaining in the heating and evaporation device (1-A) is removed and the resulting material is discharged outside the device. (11) By performing this continuously, one of the two distillation apparatuses will be producing fuel, while the other will be extracting the substance from which the flammable material has been removed by distillation, enabling effective and efficient operation. [Explanation of symbols]

[0038] (1) Heating and evaporation equipment (2) Condenser (3) Distillation apparatus (4) Vacuum pump V valve

Claims

1. In a distillation apparatus (3) comprising a heating / evaporating device (1) and a condensing device (2), which has the function of separating components within the boiling point range usable by gasoline engines and diesel engines and boilers and gas turbines from solid or liquid or liquid mixtures containing flammable substances based on differences in boiling point, the condensing device (2) is installed inside the container that constitutes the heating / evaporating device (1), thereby eliminating the need for piping connecting the heating / evaporating device (1) and the condensing device (2) and the container that constitutes the condensing device (2), and also heating in the heating / evaporating device (1) An apparatus for producing fuel from a mixture containing a combustible substance, characterized in that the vaporized fluid is cooled and liquefied on the upper part and walls of the container constituting the heating and evaporating device (1), thereby preventing the vaporized fluid from reaching the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporating device and the condensing device, and having a structure in which a device for introducing a liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher into the heating and evaporating device (1), a device for introducing a solid or liquid or liquid mixture containing a combustible substance, and a device for removing the mixture from which components with a boiling point below approximately 350°C have been removed by heating to approximately 350°C or higher in the heating and evaporating device (1), thereby enabling the production of fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines.

2. In a distillation apparatus (3) comprising a heating / evaporating device (1) and a condensing device (2), which has the function of separating components within the boiling point range usable by gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines from solid or liquid or liquid mixtures containing flammable substances based on differences in boiling point, the condensing device (2) is installed inside the container that constitutes the heating / evaporating device (1). This eliminates the need for piping connecting the heating / evaporating device (1) and the condensing device (2) and the container that constitutes the condensing device (2), and also eliminates the need for the fluid that has been heated and turned into a gas in the heating / evaporating device (1). A method for producing fuel from a mixture containing a combustible substance, characterized in that, by being cooled and liquefied on the upper part and walls of the container constituting the heating and evaporating device (1), the phenomenon in which the vaporized fluid does not reach the piping (connecting pipe) that connects the evaporating device and the condensing device can be prevented, and by using a method in which a liquid with a boiling point of approximately 350°C or higher is introduced into the heating and evaporating device (1), a solid or liquid or liquid mixture containing a combustible substance is introduced, and a device is installed in the heating and evaporating device (1) that removes the mixture from which components with a boiling point below approximately 350°C have been removed by heating to approximately 350°C or higher, thereby enabling the continuous production of fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines.

3. A device for producing fuel from a mixture containing a combustible substance, characterized in that, in a heating and evaporation apparatus, the transfer of heat from a heat source to a solid or liquid or solid-liquid mixture containing a combustible substance is carried out using only a liquid, which has superior thermal conductivity characteristics to air (for example, vegetable oil has a thermal conductivity of approximately 0.15 [W / mK], about five times that of air, compared to the thermal conductivity of air of approximately 0.03 [W / mK]), thereby promoting effective and efficient heating and evaporation.

4. A method for producing fuel from a mixture containing a combustible substance, characterized in that, in a heating and evaporation apparatus, the heat transfer medium from the heat source to the solid or liquid or solid-liquid mixture containing the combustible substance is made solely of a liquid substance with superior thermal conductivity characteristics to air (for example, vegetable oil has a thermal conductivity of approximately 0.15 [W / mK], about five times that of air, compared to the thermal conductivity of air of approximately 0.03 [W / mK]), thereby promoting effective and efficient heating and evaporation.

5. An apparatus for producing fuel from a mixture containing a flammable substance, as described in claim 1, wherein a heating and evaporating apparatus (1) and a distillation apparatus (3) comprising a heating, evaporating and pyrolysis apparatus and a condensing apparatus (2) produce liquid hydrocarbons at room temperature through the processes of heating, vaporization, thermal decomposition and condensation of a mixture containing plastic manufactured from naphtha, a type of petroleum product, and using these hydrocarbons to produce fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines, wherein the distillation apparatus (3) is equipped with a vacuum pump, thereby, in the process of heating and evaporating a solid or liquid or solid-containing liquid mixture containing plastic, the vacuum pump is used to suck air from inside the apparatus for heating and vaporizing the plastic before heating the mixture containing the flammable substance, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration inside the apparatus for heating and vaporizing the plastic to below the combustion and explosion limit, and preventing the flammable substance contained in the mixture containing plastic from igniting, burning, and exploding.

6. A method for producing fuel from a mixture containing a flammable substance, as described in claim 2, characterized in that, in the process of heating, vaporizing, pyrolysis, and condensing a mixture containing a plastic manufactured from naphtha, a type of petroleum product, liquid hydrocarbons are produced at room temperature through the processes of heating, vaporizing, pyrolysis, and condensation, and fuel usable in gasoline engines and / or diesel engines and / or boilers and / or gas turbines is produced using a heating and evaporating apparatus (1) or a distillation apparatus (3) consisting of a heating, vaporizing and pyrolysis apparatus and a condensation apparatus (2), a vacuum pump is installed in the distillation apparatus (3), thereby, in the process of heating and vaporizing a solid or liquid or solid-containing liquid mixture containing a plastic, the air inside the apparatus for heating and vaporizing the plastic is sucked out using the vacuum pump before the mixture containing the flammable substance is heated, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration inside the apparatus for heating and vaporizing the plastic to below the combustion and explosion limit, and preventing the flammable substance contained in the mixture containing the plastic from igniting, burning, and exploding.

7. An apparatus for producing fuel from a mixture containing a flammable substance, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, in the process of producing fuel usable in an engine by heating, vaporizing, and condensing a mixture including tires manufactured from petroleum-based rubber, natural rubber, metal, and black carbon as raw materials, the distillation apparatus (3) is equipped with a vacuum pump, thereby lowering the pressure inside the distillation apparatus (3) to below atmospheric pressure, thereby lowering the boiling point of the components to be separated by differences in boiling points, preventing alteration and / or deterioration of the components to be separated by differences in boiling points due to temperature rise, and reducing the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid by differences in boiling points.

8. A method for producing fuel from a mixture containing a flammable substance, as described in claim 2, characterized in that, in the process of producing fuel usable in an engine by heating, vaporizing, and condensing a mixture including tires manufactured from petroleum-based rubber, natural rubber, metal, and black carbon as raw materials, a vacuum pump is installed in the distillation apparatus (3), thereby lowering the pressure inside the distillation apparatus (3) to below atmospheric pressure, thereby lowering the boiling point of the component to be separated by differences in boiling point, preventing alteration and / or deterioration of the component to be separated by differences in boiling point due to temperature rise, and reducing the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid by differences in boiling point.

9. An apparatus for producing fuel from a mixture containing combustible substances, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, in the process of producing fuel from a mixture mainly consisting of wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or food waste by removing moisture contained in a mixture mainly consisting of wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or food waste using a vacuum distillation apparatus consisting of a distillation apparatus (3) comprising a heating / evaporation apparatus (1) and a condenser (2), and a vacuum distillation apparatus comprising a vacuum pump (4), the condenser (2) is installed inside the container comprising the heating / evaporation apparatus (1), and the distillation apparatus (3), which is a device for removing moisture contained in a mixture mainly consisting of wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or food waste, has the effect of lowering the pressure inside the distillation apparatus (3) to 10 kPa or less, thereby lowering the boiling point of water to approximately 45°C or less, making the temperature of the heat source of the heating / evaporation apparatus more versatile, and reducing the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid due to differences in boiling points.

10. A method for producing fuel from a mixture containing combustible substances, as described in claim 2, characterized in that, in the process of producing fuel that can be effectively burned in a boiler by removing moisture contained in a mixture mainly consisting of wood and / or coconut husks and / or oil palm trunks and leaves and / or food waste using a distillation apparatus (3) consisting of a heating / evaporation apparatus (1) and a condenser (2), and a vacuum distillation apparatus consisting of a vacuum pump (4), the boiling point of water is reduced to approximately 45°C or lower, thereby providing versatility in the temperature of the heat source of the heating / evaporation apparatus and reducing the amount of heat required to separate the mixture contained in the liquid due to differences in boiling points.

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