Display device, vehicle, and method for manufacturing a display device.

Abstract

A display device, a vehicle, and a method for manufacturing the display device are provided, all of which have improved viewing angle control characteristics. [Solution] The display device comprises a substrate, a light-emitting layer disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of light-emitting elements, and a light control layer disposed on the light-emitting layer, wherein the light control layer includes (1) a first light-shielding layer including a plurality of first light-shielding patterns, (2) a low-refractive-index transparent film disposed on the first light-shielding layer and including a plurality of grooves, (3) a second light-shielding layer disposed on the low-refractive-index transparent film and including a plurality of second light-shielding patterns, and (4) a high-refractive-index transparent film disposed on the second light-shielding layer and including a plurality of lens portions that are recessed toward the plurality of grooves.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a display device, a vehicle, and a method for manufacturing a display device. [Background technology]

[0002] With the development of the information society, the demands on display devices for displaying images are becoming increasingly diverse. Display devices can include liquid crystal displays, field emission displays, and light-emitting displays. Light-emitting displays may include organic light-emitting displays that include organic light-emitting diode elements as light-emitting elements, or inorganic light-emitting displays that include inorganic light-emitting diode elements as light-emitting elements.

[0003] In the case of vehicle display devices, at night, if the image displayed on a vehicle display device positioned in front of the driver or passenger is reflected on the windshield, it can interfere with the driver's driving. Therefore, it is necessary to control the viewing angle of the image displayed on the vehicle display device. Furthermore, to protect privacy, it is necessary to control the viewing angle of the image displayed on the vehicle display device so that the image displayed on the vehicle display device positioned in front of the driver is not shown to passengers. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Chinese Patent Application Publication No. 115084409 (CN115084409A) [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] The problem that this invention aims to solve is to provide a display device, a vehicle, and a method for manufacturing a display device, all of which have improved viewing angle control characteristics.

[0006] Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a display device, a vehicle, and a method for manufacturing a display device with improved process efficiency.

[0007] The problems of the present invention are not limited to the problems described above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the following description.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] A display device according to an embodiment for solving the above problems includes a substrate, a light-emitting element layer disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of light-emitting elements, and a light control layer disposed on the light-emitting element layer. The light control layer includes a first light-shielding layer including a plurality of first light-shielding patterns, a low-refractive-index transmission film disposed on the first light-shielding layer and including a plurality of grooves, a second light-shielding layer disposed on the low-refractive-index transmission film and including a plurality of second light-shielding patterns, and a high-refractive-index transmission film disposed on the second light-shielding layer and including a plurality of lens portions recessed toward the plurality of grooves.

[0009] A first intermediate layer containing an inorganic substance may be further included between the light-emitting element layer and the first light-shielding layer.

[0010] A first light-transmitting lower film disposed between the first light-shielding layer and the low-refractive-index transmission film may be further included, and the low-refractive-index transmission film and the first light-transmitting lower film may contain different substances from each other.

[0011] The low-refractive-index transmission film contains at least one of an ester-based compound and a phosphine oxide compound, and the first light-transmitting lower film may contain at least one of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, a methacrylic acid-benzyl methacrylic acid copolymer, a polyfunctional acrylate, and a photoinitiator.

[0012] A second light-transmitting lower film disposed between the second light-shielding layer and the high-refractive-index transmission film may be further included, and the high-refractive-index transmission film and the second light-transmitting lower film may contain different substances from each other.

[0013] The high refractive index transmission film contains at least one of an ester compound and a phosphine oxide compound, and the second light transmission lower film may contain at least one of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, a methacrylic acid-benzyl methacrylic acid copolymer, a polyfunctional acrylate, and a photoinitiator.

[0014] The upper surface of the second light transmission lower film may be recessed toward the plurality of grooves.

[0015] Disposed between the low refractive index transmission film and the second light shielding layer, it may further include a second intermediate layer containing an inorganic substance.

[0016] Disposed between the second light shielding layer and the second light transmission lower film, it may further include a third intermediate layer containing an inorganic substance.

[0017] The lower surface of the second light transmission lower film may have a conformal shape along the plurality of grooves, the second intermediate layer, and the third intermediate layer.

[0018] The third intermediate layer may cover the upper surface and the side surfaces of the second light shielding layer.

[0019] The plurality of lens portions may be respectively disposed between the plurality of second light shielding patterns.

[0020] The refractive index of the high refractive index transmission film may be greater than the refractive index of the low refractive index transmission film.

[0021] The difference between the refractive index of the high refractive index transmission film and the refractive index of the low refractive index transmission film may be 0.1 or more.

[0022] The refractive index of the high refractive index transmission film is 1.5 to 1.8, and the refractive index of the low refractive index transmission film may be 1.4 to 1.7.

[0023] The low refractive index transmission film includes a plurality of partition walls disposed between the plurality of grooves, and the plurality of second light shielding patterns may be respectively disposed on the plurality of partition walls.

[0024] The present invention further includes a second light-transmitting lower film disposed between the second light-shielding layer and the high-refractive-transmitting film, wherein the side surface of the second light-shielding layer may be in direct contact with the second light-transmitting lower film.

[0025] The present invention further includes a third mediating layer disposed between the second light-shielding layer and the second light-transmitting lower film, wherein the upper surface of the second light-shielding layer is in direct contact with the third mediating layer, and the lower surface of the second light-shielding layer may be in direct contact with the low-refractive-refraction transmitting film.

[0026] Each of the adjacent lens portions and each of the multiple second light-shielding patterns may be located on the same line as each other.

[0027] The plurality of lens portions and the plurality of second light-shielding patterns, which are adjacent to each other, may overlap.

[0028] The low-refractive-index transparent film includes a first low-refractive-index transparent layer and a second low-refractive-index transparent layer disposed on the first low-refractive-index transparent layer, and may further include a third light-shielding layer disposed between the first low-refractive-index transparent layer and the second low-refractive-index transparent layer, and comprising a plurality of third light-shielding patterns.

[0029] The plurality of grooves may be located in the second low-refractive-frequency transmission layer.

[0030] The width of each of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns may be smaller than the width of each of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns.

[0031] The width of each of the plurality of third light-shielding patterns may be smaller than the width of each of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns and larger than the width of each of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns.

[0032] The system may further include a color filter positioned between the plurality of first light-shielding patterns.

[0033] The system may further include a color filter positioned between the plurality of second light-shielding patterns.

[0034] A method for manufacturing a display device according to one embodiment for solving the above-mentioned problems includes the steps of forming a first light-shielding layer on a light-emitting layer, arranging a low-refractive-tolerant material layer on the first light-shielding layer, forming a second light-shielding layer on the low-refractive-tolerant material layer, forming a first mediating layer on the second light-shielding layer, patterning the low-refractive-tolerant material layer using the first mediating layer to form a low-refractive-tolerant film, and forming a high-refractive-tolerant film on the low-refractive-tolerant film and the second light-shielding layer.

[0035] A method for manufacturing a display device according to another embodiment for solving the above-mentioned problems includes the steps of: forming a first light-shielding layer on a light-emitting layer; arranging a low-refractive-transmitting material layer and a second light-shielding material layer on the first light-shielding layer; forming a first mediating layer on the second light-shielding material layer; patterning the low-refractive-transmitting material layer and the second light-shielding material layer at once using the first mediating layer to form a low-refractive-transmitting film and a second light-shielding layer; and forming a high-refractive-transmitting film on the low-refractive-transmitting film and the second light-shielding layer. [Effects of the Invention]

[0036] According to a display device, a vehicle, and a method for manufacturing the display device according to one embodiment of the present invention, the characteristics of viewing angle control can be improved.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a display device, a vehicle, and a method for manufacturing the display device, process efficiency can be improved.

[0038] The effects of the embodiments are not limited to those exemplified above, and a wider variety of effects are included herein. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0039] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing a display device according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a plan view showing a display device according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device cut along the line X1-X1' in Figure 2. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram showing a display device according to one embodiment applied to a vehicle. [Figure 5] This is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display panel according to one embodiment. [Figure 6a] This is a plan view showing an example of a portion of the display area according to one embodiment. [Figure 6b] This is a plan view showing another example of a portion of the display area according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] This is a cross-sectional view of the display panel cut along the line X2-X2' in Figure 6a. [Figure 8a] This is a cross-sectional view of the display panel cut along the line X3-X3' in Figure 6a. [Figure 8b] This graph shows the change in refractive index of a highly refractive transparent film according to the wavelength of light. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view showing the display area, non-display area, and protruding area of ​​a display panel according to one embodiment. [Figure 10a] This is a magnified view of area A in Figure 8a. [Figure 10b] This is a plan view showing a portion of the display area according to another embodiment. [Figure 10c] This is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a display panel according to another embodiment. [Figure 10d] This is a simulated photograph showing the light path in the display panel according to the embodiment of Figure 10a. [Figure 10e] These are simulated photographs showing the light path in the display panel according to the embodiments of Figures 10b and 10c. [Figure 11] This is a perspective view showing the first lens section according to one embodiment. [Figure 12] This is a perspective view showing the second lens portion according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] This is a cross-sectional view showing a display panel according to another embodiment. [Figure 14] This is a magnified view of area B in Figure 13. [Figure 15a] This is a magnified view of area B in Figure 13. [Figure 15b] These are simulated photographs showing the light path in a display panel according to the embodiments of Figures 14 and 15a. [Figure 16] This is a cross-sectional view showing a display panel according to another embodiment. [Figure 17] This is a magnified view of region C in Figure 16. [Figure 18] This is a cross-sectional view showing a display panel according to another embodiment. [Figure 19] This is a cross-sectional view showing a display panel according to another embodiment. [Figure 20] A flowchart shows a method for manufacturing a display device according to one embodiment. [Figure 21] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S100 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 22] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view showing stage S110. [Figure 23] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view showing stage S110. [Figure 24] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view showing stage S110. [Figure 25] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S120 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 26] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S130 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 27] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S130 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 28] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S140 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 29] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S140 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 30] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S140 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 31] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S150 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 32] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S160 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 33]This is a cross-sectional view showing the S160 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 34] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S170 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 35] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S180 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 36] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S190 stage in Figure 20. [Figure 37] This flowchart shows a method for manufacturing a display device according to another embodiment. [Figure 38] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S130_1 stage in Figure 37. [Figure 39] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S130_1 stage in Figure 37. [Figure 40] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S130_1 stage in Figure 37. [Figure 41] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S160_1 stage in Figure 37. [Figure 42] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S160_1 stage in Figure 37. [Figure 43] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S170_1 stage in Figure 37. [Figure 44] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S180 stage in Figure 37. [Figure 45] This is a cross-sectional view showing the S190 stage in Figure 37. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0040] The advantages and features of the present invention, as well as methods for achieving them, will become clearer with reference to the embodiments described below in detail, along with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below and can be realized in a variety of different forms, and these embodiments are provided merely to complete the disclosure of the present invention and to fully inform those who are ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains, of the scope of the invention, and the present invention is defined solely by the scope of the claims.

[0041] When elements or layers are referred to as "on" another element or layer, this includes all cases where they are located directly above (touching and above) another element, or where another layer or other element is interposed between them. Similarly, when elements are referred to as "below," "left," and "right," this includes all cases where they are located immediately next to (touching and next to) another element, or where another layer or other material is interposed between them. Throughout this specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same component.

[0042] While terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used to describe various components, these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are simply used to distinguish one component from another. Therefore, the first component mentioned below may, of course, be the second component within the technical concept of the present invention.

[0043] The features of each of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined or linked together, either partially or entirely, allowing for a wide range of technical interlocking and driving, and each embodiment can be implemented independently of or in conjunction with one another.

[0044] The following describes specific embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

[0045] Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a display device according to one embodiment. Figure 2 is a plan view showing a display device according to one embodiment.

[0046] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the display device 10 is a device that displays videos and still images, and can be used as a display screen for a variety of products, including not only portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablet PCs, smartwatches, watch phones, mobile communication terminals, electronic organizers, e-books, PMPs (portable multimedia players), navigation systems, and UMPCs (Ultra Mobile PCs), but also vehicles, televisions, laptops, monitors, billboards, and the Internet of Things (IoT).

[0047] In some embodiments, when the display device 10 is used as a display screen for a vehicle, the display device 10 is a vehicle display. A vehicle display can provide the user with a variety of service information, including not only vehicle operation information and status information, but also convenience functions and media information. If the display device 10 includes an input device such as a touch panel, the user can operate various functions such as the vehicle's driving mode and convenience functions via the display device 10.

[0048] This specification uses the example of a vehicle display 10, but is not limited to this. The technical ideas of this specification can be similarly applied within the scope of the same technical ideas when the display 10 is used as a display screen for various products such as the aforementioned electronic devices.

[0049] The display device 10 may be any one of the following: an organic light-emitting display device, a liquid crystal display device, a plasma display device, a field emission display device, an electrophoretic display device, an electro-wetting display device, a quantum dot light-emitting display device, and a micro-LED display device. While the following description focuses on the case where the display device 10 is an organic light-emitting display device, the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0050] One embodiment of the display device 10 may include a display panel 100, a display driving circuit 250, a circuit board 300, and a touch driving circuit 400.

[0051] The display panel 100 may include a plurality of pixels PX arranged in a first direction DR1 and a second direction DR2. Each pixel PX may have a rectangular, square, or rhombus-shaped planar shape. For example, as shown in the drawing, each pixel PX may have a square-shaped planar shape. However, it is not limited to this, and various shapes such as polygons, circles, and ellipses can be found on the plane.

[0052] In the illustrated diagram, the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 are both horizontal and intersect each other. For example, the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 may be mutually orthogonal. The third direction DR3 intersects with the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2, and may be, for example, a vertical direction perpendicular to them. In this specification, in the drawings, the directions pointed to by the first to third directions DR1, DR2, and DR3 are referred to as one side, and the opposite direction is referred to as the other side, and unless otherwise specified, both sides are included. Unless otherwise defined, in this specification, the directions pointed to by the arrows of the first to third directions DR1, DR2, and DR3 are referred to as one side, and the opposite direction is referred to as the other side. In this specification, "up," "upper side," "upper part," "top," and "upper surface" refer to the direction pointed to by the arrow of the third direction DR3 relative to the drawing, and "down," "lower side," "lower part," "bottom," and "lower surface" refer to the direction opposite to the direction pointed to by the arrow of the third direction DR3 relative to the drawing.

[0053] The display panel 100 may include a main area MA and a protruding area PA that protrudes from one side of the main area MA.

[0054] The main region MA can be formed as a rectangular plane having a short side in the first direction DR1 and a long side in the second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1. The corner where the short side of the first direction DR1 and the long side of the second direction DR2 intersect can be rounded or right-angled to have a predetermined curvature. The planar shape of the display device 10 is not limited to a rectangle, but can be formed as other polygons, circles, or ellipses. The main region MA can be formed flat, but is not limited to this, and may include curved surfaces formed at the left and right edges. In this case, the curved surfaces may have a constant curvature or a changing curvature.

[0055] The main region MA may include the display region DA, where pixels are formed to display the image, and the non-display region NDA, which is the area surrounding the display region DA.

[0056] The display area DA may contain not only pixels, but also scan lines, data lines, and power lines connected to the pixels. If the main area MA includes a curved surface, the display area DA may be positioned on the curved surface. In this case, the image from the display panel 100 can be viewed from the curved surface as well.

[0057] The non-display area (NDA) can be defined as the area from the outer edge of the display area (DA) to the outer edge of the display panel 100. The non-display area (NDA) may contain a scan drive unit for applying scan signals to scan lines, and link lines connecting data lines to the display drive circuit 250.

[0058] The protruding region PA protrudes from one side of the main region MA. For example, the protruding region PA may protrude from the lower side of the main region MA, as shown in Figure 2. The length of the first direction DR1 of the protruding region PA may be smaller than the length of the first direction DR1 of the main region MA.

[0059] The protruding region PA may include a bending region BA and a pad region PDA. In this case, the pad region PDA may be located on one side of the bending region BA, while the main region MA may be located on the other side of the bending region BA. For example, the pad region PDA may be located below the bending region BA, and the main region MA may be located above the bending region BA.

[0060] The display panel 100 can be flexibly formed to bend, warp, bend, fold, or roll up. Therefore, the display panel 100 can be bent in the thickness direction, i.e., the third direction DR3, in the bending region BA. In this case, before the display panel 100 is bent, one side of the pad region PDA of the display panel 100 faces upward, but after the display panel 100 is bent, one side of the pad region PDA of the display panel 100 faces downward. As a result, the pad region PDA is positioned below the main region MA and can overlap with the main region MA.

[0061] The display panel 100's pad area PDA is equipped with a display driver circuit 250 and pads that are electrically connected to the circuit board 300.

[0062] The display driver circuit 250 outputs signals and voltages for driving the display panel 100. For example, the display driver circuit 250 may supply data voltage to data lines. It may also supply power voltage to power lines and supply scan control signals to the scan drive unit. The display driver circuit 250 is formed as an integrated circuit (IC) and may be mounted on the display panel 100 in a pad area PDA using a COG (chip on glass), COP (chip on plastic), or ultrasonic bonding method, but is not limited to these. For example, the display driver circuit 250 may be mounted on a circuit board 300.

[0063] The pad may include a display pad electrically connected to the display drive circuit 250 and a touch pad electrically connected to the touch line.

[0064] The circuit board 300 may be mounted on the pads using an anisotropic conductive film. This allows the leads of the circuit board 300 to be electrically connected to the pads. The circuit board 300 may be a flexible film such as a flexible printed circuit board, a printed circuit board, or a chip-on film.

[0065] The touch drive circuit 400 can be connected to the touch electrodes of the touch sensor layer TSU (see Figure 3) of the display panel 100. The touch drive circuit 400 applies a drive signal to the touch electrodes of the touch sensor layer TSU (see Figure 3) and measures the capacitance value of the touch electrodes. The drive signal may be a signal having multiple drive pulses. The touch drive circuit 400 can not only determine whether or not there is a touch input according to the capacitance value, but can also calculate the touch coordinates where a touch was input.

[0066] The touch drive circuit 400 is placed on the circuit board 300. The touch drive circuit 400 is formed from an integrated circuit (IC) and mounted on the circuit board 300.

[0067] In the display device 10 according to this embodiment, the display panel 100 may further include a light control layer (LCL).

[0068] The light control layer (LCL) is directly positioned in the main area (MA) of the display panel 100. For example, the light control layer (LCL) can be integrated into the display panel 100 and directly positioned in the main area (MA) of the display panel 100. Integrating the light control layer (LCL) into the display panel 100 has the advantage of reducing the thickness and manufacturing cost of the display device 10 compared to when a separate light control film is attached.

[0069] In some embodiments, the light control layer LCL may be located on the display area DA of the main area MA. The light control layer LCL can adjust the viewing angle of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172 (see Figure 5) of the display panel 100.

[0070] However, this is not a limitation, and the size of the optical control layer (LCL) on a plane may be larger than the size of the display area (DA). In this case, the optical control layer (LCL) may overlap both the display area (DA) and the non-display area (NDA).

[0071] In some embodiments, the light control layer (LCL) may include a transparent region (OA) and an opaque region (LSA).

[0072] The transmission region OA may be an area where the light-shielding film LS (see Figure 6a) is not present. The transmission region OA is an area that transmits light and may extend along the third direction DR3.

[0073] The transparent region OA has a rectangular shape on a plane, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, but is not limited to this. The transparent region OA can have a circular, elliptical, or polygonal shape on a plane. In some embodiments, the shape of the transparent region OA generally corresponds to the shape of the display panel 100.

[0074] The non-transparent region LSA may be the remaining region of the light control layer LCL after excluding the transparent region OA. The non-transparent region LSA may be the region where the light-shielding film LS (see Figure 6a) is placed.

[0075] In some embodiments, the opaque region LSA may extend in a first direction DR1 or a second direction DR2. For example, as shown in Figure 1, the opaque region LSA may extend in a first direction DR1 and be aligned along a second direction DR2. In another example, the opaque region LSA may extend in a second direction DR2 and be aligned along a first direction DR1. In yet another example, a portion of the opaque region LSA may extend in a first direction DR1 and be aligned along a second direction DR2, while the remaining portion of the opaque region LSA may extend in a second direction DR2 and be aligned along a first direction DR1.

[0076] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, when the opaque regions LSA are arranged along the second direction DR2, the viewing angle in the second direction DR2 can be controlled. In another embodiment, when the opaque regions LSA are arranged along the first direction DR1, the viewing angle in the first direction DR1 can be controlled. In the display device 10 according to this embodiment, the arrangement and shape of the transparent regions OA and opaque regions LSA can be varied in various ways depending on the desired viewing angle control direction.

[0077] Although the drawings show that the transparent region OA is arranged to surround the opaque region LSA, the invention is not limited to this configuration. In some embodiments, the transparent region OA may include multiple transparent regions OA, which may extend in the same direction as the opaque region LSA, and the multiple transparent regions OA and opaque regions LSA may be arranged alternately with each other. For example, as shown in Figure 1, if the opaque region LSA extends in the first direction DR1, the multiple transparent regions OA may extend in the first direction DR1 and be arranged alternately with the opaque region LSA in the second direction DR2.

[0078] The light control layer LCL may include a light-shielding film LS (see Figure 6a) that blocks light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172 (see Figure 5) of the display panel 100, and a light-transmitting film LT (see Figure 6a) that transmits the light. A detailed description of the structure of the light control layer LCL will be given later with reference to Figure 6a and other figures.

[0079] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device cut along the line X1-X1' in Figure 2.

[0080] Referring to Figure 3, the display device 10 may include a display panel 100 with a built-in optical control layer LCL. The display panel 100 may include a base member BS, a thin-film transistor layer TFTL, a light-emitting element layer EML, a thin-film encapsulation layer TFEL, a touch sensor layer TSU, and an optical control layer LCL.

[0081] The base component BS may include a substrate. The substrate consists of an insulating material such as glass, quartz, or polymer resin. Examples of polymer materials include polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PA), polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyphenylene sulfide (polyphen y Examples include lene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (CAT), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), or combinations thereof. Alternatively, the substrate may contain metallic materials.

[0082] The substrate can be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate that can be bent, folded, or rolled. If the substrate is a flexible substrate, it may, but is not limited to, be made of polyimide (PI).

[0083] The thin-film transistor layer (TFTL) is placed on the base member BS. The TFTL may contain not only the thin-film transistors of each pixel, but also scan lines, data lines, power lines, scan control lines, and link lines connecting the pads and data lines. Each thin-film transistor may include a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a source electrode, and a drain electrode.

[0084] The thin-film transistor layer (TFTL) is located in the display area (DA) and the non-display area (NDA). Specifically, the thin-film transistors, scan lines, data lines, and power lines for each pixel of the TFTL may be located in the display area (DA). The scan control lines and link lines of the TFTL may be located in the non-display area (NDA).

[0085] A light-emitting element (EML) layer is arranged on a thin-film transistor layer (TFTL). The EML layer may include pixels comprising a first electrode, a light-emitting layer, and a second electrode, as well as a pixel definition film that defines the pixels. The light-emitting layer may be an organic light-emitting layer containing an organic material. In this case, the light-emitting layer may include a hole transporting layer, an organic light-emitting layer, and an electron transporting layer. When a predetermined voltage is applied to the first electrode and a cathode voltage is applied to the second electrode via the thin-film transistor of the TFTL layer, holes and electrons move to the organic light-emitting layer via the hole transporting layer and electron transporting layer, respectively, where they combine and emit light. The pixels of the EML layer may be arranged in a display area (DA).

[0086] A thin-film encapsulation layer (TFEL) is placed on the light-emitting element layer (EML). The TFEL can prevent oxygen or moisture from penetrating the EML. For this purpose, the TFEL may contain at least one inorganic film. The inorganic film may be, but is not limited to, a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, or an aluminum oxide layer. The TFEL can also protect the EML from foreign matter such as dust. For this purpose, the TFEL may contain at least one organic film. The organic film may be, but is not limited to, an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, a phenolic resin, a polyamide resin, or a polyimide resin.

[0087] The thin-film encapsulation layer TFEL can be placed in both the display region DA and the non-display region NDA. Specifically, the thin-film encapsulation layer TFEL can be positioned to cover the light-emitting element layer EML in both the display region DA and the non-display region NDA, and to cover the thin-film transistor layer TFTL in the non-display region NDA.

[0088] A touch sensor layer TSU is placed on the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL. Placing the touch sensor layer TSU directly above the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL has the advantage of reducing the thickness of the display device 10 compared to the case where a separate touch panel including the touch sensor layer TSU is attached to the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL.

[0089] The touch sensor layer TSU may include touch electrodes for sensing user touch in a capacitive manner and touch lines connecting the pad and the touch electrodes. For example, the touch sensor layer TSU may sense user touch in a self-capacitance manner or a mutual capacitance manner.

[0090] The touch electrodes of the touch sensor layer TSU may be positioned in the touch sensor area that overlaps the display area DA. The touch lines of the touch sensor layer TSU may be positioned in the touch peripheral area that overlaps the non-display area NDA.

[0091] A light control layer (LCL) is placed on the touch sensor layer (TSU). The light control layer (LCL) may be positioned to overlap the display area (DA). The light control layer (LCL) can absorb or block light emitted from the light-emitting element layer (EML) that travels at an angle deviating from the third direction (DR3). In other words, the light control layer (LCL) can control the viewing angle.

[0092] Although not shown in the drawings, the display device 10 may further include a cover window. The cover window may be additionally placed on the optical control layer LCL, in which case the optical control layer LCL and the cover window may be bonded together by a transparent adhesive material such as an OCA (optically clear adhesive) film.

[0093] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing how a display device according to one embodiment can be applied to a vehicle.

[0094] Referring to Figure 4, the display device 10 according to one embodiment may be, for example, a display device applied to a vehicle. The vehicle may include a body that forms the exterior of the vehicle, and an interior space defined by the body. The body may include a windshield W that protects the driver PS1 and passenger PS2 from the outside and provides a field of view to the driver PS1. The display device 10 may be provided in the interior space as shown in the drawing.

[0095] In some embodiments, the display device 10 is located on a dashboard provided in the interior space. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the display device 10 may extend from the dashboard located in front of the driver's seat to the dashboard located in front of the passenger seat. For example, the display device 10 may be an integrated display that connects the dashboard located in front of the driver's seat to the dashboard located in front of the passenger seat.

[0096] In this case, the display device 10 may include a first display area DA1 located in front of the driver's seat and a second display area DA2 located in front of the passenger seat. The first display area DA1 is located on the dashboard in front of the driver's seat and may provide speed information, etc., to the driver PS1, while the second display area DA2 is located on the dashboard in front of the passenger seat and may provide entertainment information, etc., to the passenger PS2. Although not shown in the drawings, a third display area may also be included between the first display area DA1 and the second display area DA2.

[0097] As another example, the display device 10 may be located on the dashboard in front of the driver's seat and on the dashboard in front of the passenger seat, respectively. For example, the first display device may be located on the dashboard in front of the driver's seat, and the second display device may be located on the dashboard in front of the passenger seat.

[0098] The driver PS1 recognizes (or views) the display screen of the display device 10 via light LGTO_1 emitted from the display device 10 in front of the driver's seat towards the driver PS1. However, some of the light LGT1 emitted from the display device 10 in front of the driver's seat may be reflected by the surrounding windshield W and provided to the driver PS1. In this case, the image reflected on the windshield W may interfere with the driver PS1's driving. On the other hand, in the case of the display device 10 according to one embodiment, by adjusting the viewing angle with respect to the forward direction of the light emitted from the display device 10 (the direction toward the front of the driver PS1), particularly the vertical viewing angle, it is possible to prevent some of the light LGT1 emitted from the display device 10 in front of the driver's seat from being reflected by the surrounding windshield W and provided to the driver PS1.

[0099] The passenger PS2 recognizes (or views) the display screen of the display device 10 via the light LGTO_2 emitted from the display device 10 in front of the passenger seat towards the passenger PS2. However, some of the light LGT2 emitted from the display device 10 in front of the passenger seat may be provided to the driver PS1. In this case, when the vehicle is in operation, viewing by the driver PS1 can be restricted for safety or other reasons. In the case of the display device 10 according to one embodiment, by adjusting the viewing angle with respect to the forward direction of the light emitted from the display device 10 (the direction toward the front of the passenger PS2), particularly the left and right viewing angles, some of the light LGT2 emitted from the display device 10 in front of the passenger seat can be prevented from being provided to the driver.

[0100] The diagram shows, but is not limited to, that the display device 10 in front of the driver's seat adjusts the vertical viewing angle, and the display device 10 in front of the passenger seat adjusts the horizontal viewing angle. For example, the display device 10 in front of the driver's seat may adjust the horizontal viewing angle, and the display device 10 in front of the passenger seat may adjust the vertical viewing angle. As another example, the display devices 10 in front of the driver's seat and the display devices 10 in front of the passenger seat may each adjust both the vertical viewing angle and the horizontal viewing angle.

[0101] The viewing angle is adjusted via the light control layer (LCL). The viewing angle can be restricted to a predetermined angular range via the light control layer (LCL). For example, when a virtual line extending perpendicular to the display surface of the display device 10, facing the front of the driver PS1 or passenger PS2, is considered the normal, the viewing angle may be an angle within 35° of the normal. In some embodiments, the effective viewing angle can be defined as an angle within 35° of the normal, but is not limited to this.

[0102] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a display panel according to one embodiment.

[0103] Referring to Figure 5, the display panel 100 may include a display layer DU and a touch sensor layer TSU. The display layer DU may include a base member BS, a thin-film transistor layer TFTL, a light-emitting element layer EML, and a thin-film encapsulation layer TFEL.

[0104] The base member BS may include a first substrate SUB1, a first buffer film BF1 disposed on the first substrate SUB1, and a second substrate SUB2 disposed on the first buffer film BF1.

[0105] The first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2 are made of insulating materials such as glass, quartz, and polymer resin. Examples of polymer materials include polyethersulfone (PES), polyacrylate (PA), polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polyphenylene sulfide (polyphen y Examples include lene sulfide (PPS), polyarylate, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), cellulose triacetate (CAT), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), or combinations thereof. Alternatively, the substrate may contain metallic materials.

[0106] The first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2 may be rigid substrates or flexible substrates that can be bent, folded, rolled, etc. If the substrate is a flexible substrate, it may, but is not limited to, be formed from polyimide (PI).

[0107] The first buffer film BF1 is a film that protects the first thin-film transistor ST1 and the light-emitting layer 172 from moisture penetrating through the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2, which are susceptible to moisture permeability. The first buffer film BF1 consists of multiple inorganic films that are alternately stacked. For example, the first buffer film BF1 may be formed as a multilayer film (laminated film) in which one or more inorganic films from among silicon nitride layers, silicon oxynitride layers, silicon oxide layers, titanium oxide layers, and aluminum oxide layers are alternately stacked.

[0108] The thin-film transistor layer TFTL may include a lower metal layer BML, a second buffer film BF2, a first thin-film transistor ST1, a first gate insulating film GI1, a first interlayer insulating film 141, a first capacitor electrode CAE1, a second interlayer insulating film 142, a first anode connection electrode ANDE1, a first organic film 160, a second anode connection electrode ANDE2, and a second organic film 180.

[0109] The lower metal layer BML is placed on the second substrate SUB2. The lower metal layer BML may overlap the first active layer ACT1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 in a third direction DR3 to prevent leakage current from occurring when light is incident on the first active layer ACT1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1. The lower metal layer BML may be formed as a single or multilayer structure consisting of one of the following materials or alloys: molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), and copper (Cu). The lower metal layer BML may be omitted.

[0110] The second buffer film BF2 is placed on the lower metal layer BML. The second buffer film BF2 is a film that protects the first thin-film transistor ST1 and the light-emitting layer 172 from moisture penetrating through the first substrate SUB1 and the second substrate SUB2, which are susceptible to moisture permeability. The second buffer film BF2 consists of multiple inorganic films that are alternately stacked. For example, the second buffer film BF2 can be formed as a multilayer film in which one or more inorganic films, such as silicon nitride layers, silicon oxynitride layers, silicon oxide layers, titanium oxide layers, and aluminum oxide layers, are alternately stacked.

[0111] The first active layer ACT1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 is positioned on the second buffer film BF2. The first active layer ACT1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 includes polycrystalline silicon, single-crystal silicon, low-temperature polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, or an oxide semiconductor. The first active layer ACT1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 that is exposed and not covered by the first gate insulating film GI1 may be conductive because it is doped with impurities or ions. Thus, the first source electrode TS1 and the first drain electrode TD1 of the first active layer ACT1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 can be formed.

[0112] A first gate insulating film GI1 is disposed on the first active layer ACT1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1. Figure 5 shows, but is not limited to, the first gate insulating film GI1 being disposed between the first gate electrode TG1 and the first active layer ACT1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1. The first gate insulating film GI1 may also be disposed between the first interlayer insulating film 141 and the first active layer ACT1, and between the first interlayer insulating film 141 and the second buffer film BF2. The first gate insulating film GI1 may be formed from an inorganic film, such as a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, or an aluminum oxide layer.

[0113] The first gate electrode TG1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 is located on the first gate insulating film GI1. The first gate electrode TG1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 may overlap with the first active layer ACT1 in the third direction DR3. The first gate electrode TG1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 may be formed as a single or multilayer of one of the following materials or an alloy thereof: molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), and copper (Cu).

[0114] A first interlayer insulating film 141 is placed on the first gate electrode TG1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1. The first interlayer insulating film 141 may be formed of an inorganic film, such as a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, or an aluminum oxide layer. The first interlayer insulating film 141 may contain multiple inorganic films.

[0115] A first capacitor electrode CAE1 is placed on the first interlayer insulating film 141. The first capacitor electrode CAE1 may overlap with the first gate electrode TG1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 in the third direction DR3. Because the first interlayer insulating film 141 has a predetermined dielectric constant, a capacitor can be formed by the first capacitor electrode CAE1, the first gate electrode TG1, and the first interlayer insulating film 141 placed between them. The first capacitor electrode CAE1 may be formed as a single or multilayer from one of the following materials or an alloy thereof: molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), and copper (Cu).

[0116] A second interlayer insulating film 142 is placed on the first capacitor electrode CAE1. The second interlayer insulating film 142 can be formed from an inorganic film, such as a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, or an aluminum oxide layer. The second interlayer insulating film 142 may contain multiple inorganic films.

[0117] A first anode connection electrode ANDE1 is positioned on the second interlayer insulating film 142. The first anode connection electrode ANDE1 can be connected to the first drain electrode TD1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1 via a first anode contact hole ANCT1 that penetrates the first interlayer insulating film 141 and the second interlayer insulating film 142 to expose the first drain electrode TD1 of the first thin-film transistor ST1. The first anode connection electrode ANDE1 can be formed as a single or multilayer from one of the following materials or an alloy thereof: molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), and copper (Cu).

[0118] A first organic film 160 for planarization is placed on the first anode connection electrode ANDE1. The first organic film 160 can be formed from an organic film such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin.

[0119] A second anode connection electrode ANDE2 is positioned on the first organic film 160. The second anode connection electrode ANDE2 can be connected via a second anode contact hole ANCT2 that penetrates the first organic film 160 and exposes the first anode connection electrode ANDE1. The second anode connection electrode ANDE2 can be formed as a single or multilayer structure of one of the following materials: molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), and copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof.

[0120] A second organic film 180 is placed on the second anode connection electrode ANDE2. The second organic film 180 can be formed from an organic film such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin.

[0121] Figure 5 shows that the first thin-film transistor ST1 is formed in a top-gate configuration where the first gate electrode TG1 is located above the first active layer ACT1, but is not limited to this configuration. The first thin-film transistor ST1 can be formed in a bottom-gate configuration where the first gate electrode TG1 is located below the first active layer ACT1, or in a double-gate configuration where the first gate electrode TG1 is located both above and below the first active layer ACT1.

[0122] A light-emitting element layer EML is placed on the second organic film 180. The light-emitting element layer EML may include light-emitting elements 170 and banks 190. Each of the light-emitting elements 170 may include a first light-emitting electrode 171, a light-emitting layer 172, and a second light-emitting electrode 173.

[0123] The first light-emitting electrode 171 is formed on the second organic film 180. The first light-emitting electrode 171 can be connected to the second anode contact electrode ANDE2 via a third anode contact hole ANCT3 that penetrates the second organic film 180 and exposes the second anode contact electrode ANDE2.

[0124] The first light-emitting electrode 171 is formed on the second organic film 180. The first light-emitting electrode 171 can be connected to the second anode contact electrode ANDE2 via a third anode contact hole ANCT3 that penetrates the second organic film 180 and exposes the second anode contact electrode ANDE2.

[0125] In a top emission structure that emits light in the direction of the second light-emitting electrode 173 with respect to the light-emitting layer 172, the first light-emitting electrode 171 can be formed from a highly reflective metallic material such as a laminated structure of aluminum and titanium (Ti / Al / Ti), a laminated structure of aluminum and ITO (ITO / Al / ITO), an APC alloy, and a laminated structure of APC alloy and ITO (ITO / APC / ITO). The APC alloy is an alloy of silver (Ag), palladium (Pd), and copper (Cu).

[0126] Bank 190 is formed on the second organic film 180 to demarcate the first light-emitting electrode 171 in order to define the light-emitting region EA. Bank 190 may include an opening that exposes at least a portion of the upper surface of the first light-emitting electrode 171. Bank 190 may be formed to cover the edge of the first light-emitting electrode 171. Bank 190 may be formed from an organic film such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin.

[0127] The light-emitting region EA is a region where a first light-emitting electrode 171, a light-emitting layer 172, and a second light-emitting electrode 173 are sequentially stacked, and holes from the first light-emitting electrode 171 and electrons from the second light-emitting electrode 173 combine with each other in the light-emitting layer 172 to emit light. The light-emitting region EA is defined by the opening of bank 190.

[0128] A light-emitting layer 172 is formed on the first light-emitting electrode 171 and the bank 190. The light-emitting layer 172 is positioned within the opening of the bank 190, but is not limited to this. The light-emitting layer 172 contains an organic material and can emit light of a predetermined color. For example, the light-emitting layer 172 may include a hole transporting layer, an organic material layer, and an electron transporting layer.

[0129] The second light-emitting electrode 173 is positioned on the light-emitting layer 172. The second light-emitting electrode 173 may be formed to cover the light-emitting layer 172. The second light-emitting electrode 173 may be a common layer formed in common to all light-emitting regions EA. Although not shown, in some embodiments a capping layer may be formed on the second light-emitting electrode 173.

[0130] In the upper light-emitting structure, the second light-emitting electrode 173 can be formed from a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) and IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), or from a semi-transmissive metallic material such as magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), or an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag). When the second light-emitting electrode 173 is formed from a semi-transmissive metallic material, the light emission efficiency is increased by the microcavity.

[0131] A thin-film encapsulation layer TFEL is placed on the second light-emitting electrode 173. The thin-film encapsulation layer TFEL may include at least one inorganic film to prevent oxygen or moisture from penetrating the light-emitting layer. The thin-film encapsulation layer TFEL may also include at least one organic film to protect the light-emitting layer from foreign matter such as dust. For example, the thin-film encapsulation layer TFEL may include a first encapsulation film TFE1, a second encapsulation film TFE2, and a third encapsulation film TFE3.

[0132] The first encapsulation film TFE1 (for example, the first inorganic encapsulation film) is placed on the second light-emitting electrode 173. The first encapsulation film TFE1 may be a single-layer or multi-layer inorganic film. The first encapsulation film TFE1 may be formed as a multilayer or single film in which one or more inorganic films, selected from silicon nitride layers, silicon oxynitride layers, silicon oxide layers, titanium oxide layers, and aluminum oxide layers, are alternately stacked.

[0133] The second encapsulation film TFE2 (e.g., the first organic encapsulation film) is placed on the first encapsulation film TFE1. The second encapsulation film TFE2 may be a single-layer or multi-layer organic film. The second encapsulation film TFE2 may contain polymer-based materials. Polymer-based materials may include polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.), or any combination thereof.

[0134] The third encapsulation film TFE3 (for example, the second inorganic encapsulation film) is placed on the second encapsulation film TFE2. The third encapsulation film TFE3 may be a single-layer or multi-layer inorganic film. The third encapsulation film TFE3 may contain the same material as the first encapsulation film TFE1. For example, the third encapsulation film TFE3 is formed from one or more inorganic films selected from a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, and an aluminum oxide layer, and may be formed as a multi-layer film in which the inorganic films are alternately stacked, or as a single film.

[0135] The touch sensor layer TSU is placed on the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL. The touch sensor layer TSU may include multiple touch electrodes for sensing user touch using a capacitive method, and touch lines connecting the multiple touch electrodes to the touch drive unit. For example, the touch sensor layer TSU can sense user touch using either a mutual capacitance method or a self-capacitance method.

[0136] In other embodiments, the touch sensor layer TSU may be placed on a separate substrate arranged on the display layer DU. In this case, the substrate supporting the touch sensor layer TSU may be a sealing member that seals the display layer DU.

[0137] Multiple touch electrodes of the touch sensor layer TSU are positioned in the touch sensor area that overlaps with the display area. Touch lines of the touch sensor layer TSU may be positioned in the touch peripheral area that overlaps with the non-display area.

[0138] The touch sensor layer TSU may include a first touch insulating film SIL1, a first touch electrode REL, a second touch insulating film SIL2, a second touch electrode TEL, and a third touch insulating film SIL3.

[0139] The first touch insulating film SIL1 is placed on the thin film encapsulation layer TFEL. The first touch insulating film SIL1 may have insulating and optical functions. The first touch insulating film SIL1 may include at least one inorganic film. For example, the first touch insulating film SIL1 may be an inorganic film including at least one of a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxynitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, a titanium oxide layer, and an aluminum oxide layer. Selectively, the first touch insulating film SIL1 can be omitted.

[0140] The first touch electrode REL is placed on the first touch insulating film SIL1. The first touch electrode REL does not overlap with the light-emitting element 170. The first touch electrode REL may be formed as a single layer of molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), or as a multilayer structure of aluminum and titanium (Ti / Al / Ti), aluminum and ITO (ITO / Al / ITO), APC alloy, or APC alloy and ITO (ITO / APC / ITO).

[0141] The second touch insulating film SIL2 may cover the first touch electrode REL and the first touch insulating film SIL1. The second touch insulating film SIL2 may have insulating and optical functions. For example, the second touch insulating film SIL2 may be made of the material exemplified by the first touch insulating film SIL1.

[0142] The second touch electrode TEL is placed on the second touch insulating film SIL2. The second touch electrode TEL does not overlap with the light-emitting element 170. The second touch electrode TEL may be formed from a single layer of molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), or from a multilayer structure of aluminum and titanium (Ti / Al / Ti), aluminum and ITO (ITO / Al / ITO), APC alloy, or APC alloy and ITO (ITO / APC / ITO).

[0143] The third touch insulating film SIL3 may cover the second touch electrode TEL and the second touch insulating film SIL2. The third touch insulating film SIL3 may have insulating and optical properties. The third touch insulating film SIL3 is made of the material exemplified by the second touch insulating film SIL2.

[0144] In some embodiments, the first touch insulating film SIL1, the second touch insulating film SIL2, and the third touch insulating film SIL3 may be organic films. For example, the first touch insulating film SIL1, the second touch insulating film SIL2, and the third touch insulating film SIL3 may be organic films such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin.

[0145] The touch sensor layer TSU may further include a planarization film PAS for planarization. The planarization film PAS may be formed from an organic film such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin.

[0146] Figure 6a is a plan view showing an example of a portion of the display area according to one embodiment. Figure 6b is a plan view showing another example of a portion of the display area according to one embodiment. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the display panel cut along X2-X2' in Figure 6a. Figure 8a is a cross-sectional view of the display panel cut along X3-X3' in Figure 6a. Figure 8b is a graph showing the change in refractive index of the high-refractive-transmitting film according to the wavelength of light.

[0147] Referring to Figures 6a, 6b, 7, 8a, and 8b in addition to Figure 4, each pixel PX may include multiple light-emitting regions EA. The light-emitting regions EA may be areas from which light generated by the light-emitting element 170 is emitted to the outside.

[0148] Multiple light-emitting regions EA are defined by bank 190. For example, multiple light-emitting regions EA may be regions that overlap with the light-emitting layer 172 located within the aperture of bank 190. The light-emitting region EA may be a region in which the first light-emitting electrode 171, the light-emitting layer 172, and the second light-emitting electrode 173 are sequentially stacked in an overlapping manner.

[0149] In some embodiments, the multiple light-emitting regions EA may include a normal mode region NEA and a privacy mode region PEA. The normal mode region NEA and the privacy mode region PEA may each include first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3, respectively.

[0150] The drawings show that the normal mode region (NEA) and the privacy mode region (PEA) each contain three types of light-emitting regions (EA). For example, the normal mode region (NEA) and the privacy mode region (PEA) may each contain fewer or more than three types of light-emitting regions (EA).

[0151] Figure 6a shows that the normal mode region NEA includes one each of the first to third emission regions NEA1, NEA2, and NEA3, and the privacy mode region PEA includes one each of the first and second emission regions PEA1 and PEA2, and two of the third emission region PEA3, but is not limited to this. Figure 6b shows that the normal mode region NEA includes one each of the first and second emission regions NEA1 and NEA2, and two of the third emission region NEA3, and the privacy mode region PEA includes two each of the first and second emission regions PEA1 and PEA2, and four of the third emission region PEA3, but is not limited to this. In other words, the number of emission regions EA can be varied in many ways.

[0152] In some embodiments, the first light-emitting regions NEA1,PEA1 may emit light of a first color, the second light-emitting regions NEA2,PEA2 may emit light of a second color, and the third light-emitting regions NEA3,PEA3 may emit light of a third color. The first color of light may be light in the red wavelength band, the second color of light may be light in the green wavelength band, and the third color of light may be light in the blue wavelength band. The red wavelength band may be approximately 600 nm to 750 nm, the green wavelength band may be approximately 480 nm to 560 nm, and the blue wavelength band may be approximately 370 nm to 460 nm, but are not limited to these.

[0153] The first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 can each have a rectangular, square, or rhombus-shaped planar form. For example, as shown in the drawing, the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may have a rectangular shape, but are not limited to this.

[0154] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 6a, the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may each extend in the second direction DR2. In another embodiment, as shown in Figure 6b, the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may each extend in the first direction DR1.

[0155] In one embodiment, the areas of the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may differ from each other. For example, as shown in Figure 6a, the area of ​​the third light-emitting region NEA3 of the normal mode region NEA may be larger than the areas of the first and second light-emitting regions NEA1 and NEA2 of the normal mode region NEA, but is not limited thereto.

[0156] In other embodiments, the areas of the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may be the same as each other. For example, as shown in Figure 6b, the areas of the first to third light-emitting regions PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 of the normal mode region NEA may be the same as each other, but are not limited to this.

[0157] In other words, the areas of the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, and NEA3 in the normal mode region NEA, and the areas of the first to third light-emitting regions PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 in the privacy mode region PEA, can be varied in various ways, without being limited to those shown in the drawings.

[0158] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 6a, the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may be arranged in a line along the first direction DR1. For example, in the normal mode region NEA, the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, and NEA3 may be arranged in that order along the first direction DR1, and in the privacy mode region PEA, the first to third light-emitting regions PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may be arranged in that order along the first direction DR1.

[0159] In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 6b, the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, and NEA3 may be arranged side by side along the second direction DR2. In yet another embodiment, the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may be arranged to overlap in both the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. In other words, the arrangement of the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 can be varied in many ways.

[0160] The emission region EA overlaps with the transmission region OA and the opacity region LSA in the third direction DR3. For example, the first to third emission regions NEA1, NEA2, NEA3, PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 may overlap with the transmission region OA and the opacity region LSA in the third direction DR3.

[0161] The transparent region OA is the region where the light-shielding film LS of the light-controlling layer LCL is not present. The non-transparent region LSA is the region where the light-shielding film LS of the light-controlling layer LCL is present.

[0162] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 6a, in the normal mode region NEA, the transparent region OA and the opaque region LSA extend in the first direction DR1, while in the privacy mode region PEA, the opaque region LSA extends in the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2, and can surround the transparent region OA.

[0163] In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 6b, in the normal mode region NEA, the transparent region OA and the opaque region LSA extend in the first direction DR1, while in the privacy mode region PEA, the opaque region LSA may surround the first to third light-emitting regions PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3.

[0164] In some embodiments, in the normal mode region (NEA), the transparent region (OA) and the opaque region (LSA) may extend along a first direction (DR1) and alternate with each other in a second direction (DR2). In the privacy mode region (PEA), the transparent region (OA) may be surrounded by the opaque region (LSA). As an example, as shown in Figure 6a, the opaque region (LSA) may be rectangular in shape, extending in the first direction (DR1) and the second direction (DR2). As another example, as shown in Figure 6b, the opaque region (LSA) may be circular in shape, surrounding the transparent region (OA). The shape of the opaque region (LSA) is not limited to rectangular or circular.

[0165] As shown in Figures 7 and 8a, the light control layer LCL is placed on the display layer DU or the touch sensor layer TSU. The light control layer LCL can control the viewing angle of the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. For example, if the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172 travels at an angle less than or equal to a predetermined angle with respect to the third direction DR3, it is emitted to the outside. On the other hand, if the light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172 travels at an angle greater than a predetermined angle with respect to the third direction DR3, it is absorbed or blocked by the light-shielding film LS and not emitted to the outside.

[0166] The light control layer (LCL) may include a light-transmitting film (LT) and a light-shielding film (LS).

[0167] As shown in Figures 7 and 8a, the light-shielding film LS is placed on the display layer DU or the touch sensor layer TSU. The light-shielding film LS is placed in the non-transparent region LSA. The light-shielding film LS can absorb or block light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The light-shielding film LS may contain a light-shielding organic substance. For example, the light-shielding film LS may contain an organic substance, such as an organic black pigment like carbon black, as a photosensitive resin that can absorb or block light.

[0168] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 6a, the light-shielding film LS may extend along a first direction DR1 in the normal mode region NEA and along both the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 in the privacy mode region PEA. In this case, the light-shielding film LS may include a horizontal light-shielding film HLS extending in the first direction DR1 and a vertical light-shielding film VLS extending in the second direction DR2.

[0169] In this specification, horizontal and vertical in horizontal light-shielding film HLS and vertical light-shielding film VLS refer to the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 on the drawings, respectively. However, this is merely illustrative for the sake of explanation, and the extension direction of the light-shielding film LS is not limited to horizontal and vertical.

[0170] In the normal mode region (NEA), the horizontal light-shielding films (HLS) may be spaced apart from each other along the second direction (DR2). In the privacy mode region (PEA), the vertical light-shielding films (VLS) may be spaced apart from each other along the first direction (DR1), and the horizontal light-shielding films (HLS) may be spaced apart from each other along the second direction (DR2). In the privacy mode region (PEA), the vertical light-shielding films (VLS) and the horizontal light-shielding films (HLS) may be directly connected to each other, but are not limited to this.

[0171] In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 6b, the light-shielding film LS may extend along the first direction DR1 in the normal mode region NEA and may be circular or donut-shaped, enclosing the first to third light-emitting regions PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 in the privacy mode region PEA. In this case, the light-shielding film LS may include a horizontal light-shielding film HLS extending in the first direction DR1 and a donut-shaped peripheral light-shielding film CLS.

[0172] In the normal mode region (NEA), horizontal light-shielding films (HLS) may be arranged spaced apart from each other along the second direction (DR2). In the privacy mode region (PEA), peripheral light-shielding films (CLS) may be arranged spaced apart from each other along the first direction (DR1) and the second direction (DR2).

[0173] The display device 10 according to this embodiment can adjust and change the vertical viewing angle and the horizontal viewing angle in the normal mode area NEA and the privacy mode area PEA according to the extension direction and driving method of the light-shielding film LS.

[0174] For example, in the embodiment of Figure 6a, in the normal mode region NEA and the privacy mode region PEA, the horizontal light-shielding film HLS can minimize the light LGT1 reflected by the windshield W in Figure 4 by controlling the viewing angle in the second direction DR2. In the privacy mode region PEA, the vertical light-shielding film VLS can minimize the light LGT2 provided to the driver PS1 or passenger PS2 side in Figure 4 by controlling the viewing angle in the first direction DR1.

[0175] Alternatively, in the embodiment of Figure 6b, the horizontal light-shielding film HLS in the normal mode region NEA and the peripheral light-shielding film CLS in the privacy mode region PEA can minimize the light LGT1 reflected by the windshield W in Figure 4 by controlling the viewing angle in the second direction DR2. In the privacy mode region PEA, the peripheral light-shielding film CLS can minimize the light LGT2 provided to the driver PS1 or passenger PS2 side in Figure 4 by controlling the viewing angle in the first direction DR1.

[0176] As shown in Figures 7 and 8a, the light-transmitting film LT is placed on top of the display layer DU or the touch sensor layer TSU. The light-transmitting film LT is placed in the transparent region OA and the non-transmitting region. The light-transmitting film LT can transmit light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The light-transmitting film LT may contain a transparent organic material. For example, the light-transmitting film LT may contain an organic film such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, polyamide resin, or polyimide resin. In other embodiments, the light-transmitting film LT may contain silicon oxynitride or silicon oxide.

[0177] In some embodiments, the light-transmitting film LT may extend along a first direction DR1 in the normal mode region NEA and be surrounded by a light-shielding film LS in the privacy mode region PEA. For example, the light-transmitting film LT may be positioned between horizontal light-shielding films HLS in the normal mode region NEA and surrounded by horizontal light-shielding films HLS and vertical light-shielding films VLS in the privacy mode region PEA.

[0178] The light control layer (LCL) may include a first mediating layer (OLD1), a first light-shielding layer (LS_L1), a first light-transmitting lower film (OPVX1), a low-refractive-reactive film (LLT), a second mediating layer (OLD2), a second light-shielding layer (LS_L2), a third mediating layer (OLD3), a second light-transmitting lower film (OPVX2), and a high-refractive-reactive film (HLT). The first light-shielding layer (LS_L1) and the second light-shielding layer (LS_L2) may be included in the light-shielding film (LS). The low-refractive-reactive film (LLT) and the high-refractive-reactive film (HLT) may be included in the light-transmitting film (LT).

[0179] The first mediating layer OLD1 is placed on top of the display layer DU or the touch sensor layer TSU. The first mediating layer OLD1 may contain a transparent inorganic material. For example, the first mediating layer OLD1 may contain silicon oxide (SiO2). x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include at least one of the following. In one embodiment, the first mediating layer OLD1 is silicon nitride (SiN x ) may include, and the thickness of the first mediating layer OLD1 may be approximately 500 Å to 1000 Å, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the first mediating layer OLD1 means the distance DR3 in the third direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the first mediating layer OLD1.

[0180] The first mediating layer OLD1 is positioned between the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 and an organic film (for example, the planarization layer PAS of the touch sensor layer TSU), and can increase the interfacial properties so that the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 can be easily deposited on the organic film during the deposition process of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. For example, if the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 is directly deposited on an organic film with different interfacial properties from the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1, the deposited particles may not be easily deposited on the organic film. On the other hand, if the first mediating layer OLD1 is positioned on the organic film, the deposited particles of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 can be easily deposited on the first mediating layer OLD1.

[0181] The first light-shielding layer LS_L1 is placed on the first mediating layer OLD1. The first light-shielding layer LS_L1 can absorb or block light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The first light-shielding layer LS_L1 may contain a light-shielding organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 may be approximately 1 μm to 2 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1.

[0182] The first light-shielding layer LS_L1 may include a plurality of first light-shielding patterns. The plurality of first light-shielding patterns may be spaced apart from each other in a first direction DR1 or a second direction DR2. The plurality of first light-shielding patterns may be arranged in a non-transparent region LSA. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7, some of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns may overlap with the light-emitting elements 170 of the normal mode region NEA. As shown in Figure 8a, the plurality of first light-shielding patterns may not overlap with the light-emitting elements 170 of the privacy mode region PEA. The plurality of first light-shielding patterns may overlap with a bank 190 arranged between the privacy mode regions PEA and may overlap with the first touch electrode REL and the second touch electrode TEL.

[0183] The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 is placed on the first mediating layer OLD1. The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may cover the upper and side surfaces of multiple first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 transmits light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may contain a transparent organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may be approximately 2.5 μm to 5 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the upper surface to the lower surface of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1.

[0184] The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 can be a lower film that prevents uncured material of the light-transmitting film LT from overflowing at the outer casing of the display panel 100. For example, the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 can prevent uncured material of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT from overflowing at the outer casing of the display panel 100. The overflow prevention of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 will be explained with reference to Figure 9.

[0185] The low-refractive-transmitting film LLT is placed on the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. The low-refractive-transmitting film LLT transmits light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The low-refractive-transmitting film LLT may contain a transparent organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT may be approximately 15 μm to 30 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT to the lower surface located at the lowermost end of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT.

[0186] In some embodiments, the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT may be formed by an inkjet printing process and a dry etching process. The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may be formed by a vapor deposition process and a photolithography process. The low-refractive-transmitting film LLT may contain different materials from the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. For example, the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT may contain at least one of an ester-based compound and a phosphine oxide compound. Specifically, the ester-based compound may have 30 or fewer carbon atoms. The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may contain at least one of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethacrylic acid-benzylmethacrylic acid copolymer, multi-functional acrylate, and a photoinitiator.

[0187] The low-refractive-to-transmitting film LLT may contain multiple grooves GRV. The multiple grooves GRV may have a shape that indents from the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the low-refractive-to-transmitting film LLT in the opposite direction of the third direction DR3. The multiple grooves GRV may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction DR1 or the second direction DR2. Partitions may be placed between the spaced-away multiple grooves GRV. The multiple grooves GRV may be placed between the first light-shielding pattern of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 and the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. The multiple grooves GRV can provide space for the lens portion LNS of the high-refractive-to-transmitting film HLT, which will be described later. In one embodiment, the depth of the multiple grooves GRV may be approximately 5 μm to 10 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the depth of the grooves GRV refers to the length of the third direction DR3 from the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the low-refractive-to-transmitting film LLT to the bottom surface of the grooves GRV.

[0188] The second intermediate layer OLD2 is disposed on the low refractive index transmissive film LLT. For example, the second intermediate layer OLD2 can be disposed on the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the low refractive index transmissive film LLT. The second intermediate layer OLD2 can be disposed on the partition wall of the low refractive index transmissive film LLT. The second intermediate layer OLD2 may not overlap with the plurality of grooves GRV of the low refractive index transmissive film LLT.

[0189] The second intermediate layer OLD2 may contain a transparent inorganic substance. For example, the second intermediate layer OLD2 may contain at least one of silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ). In one embodiment, the second intermediate layer OLD2 may contain silicon oxide (SiO x ) or silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ), and the thickness of the second intermediate layer OLD2 can be generally 500 Å to 1000 Å, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the second intermediate layer OLD2 means the distance in the third direction DR3 from the upper surface to the lower surface of the second intermediate layer OLD2.

[0190] The second light shielding layer LS_L2 is disposed on the second intermediate layer OLD2. The second light shielding layer LS_L2 can be disposed on the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the low refractive index transmissive film LLT. The second light shielding layer LS_L2 can be disposed on the partition wall of the low refractive index transmissive film LLT. The second light shielding layer LS_L2 can absorb or block the light emitted from the light emitting layer 172. The second light shielding layer LS_L2 may contain a light shielding organic substance. In one embodiment, the thickness of the second light shielding layer LS_L2 can be generally 1 μm to 2 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the second light shielding layer LS_L2 means the distance in the third direction DR3 from the upper surface to the lower surface of the second light shielding layer LS_L2.

[0191] The second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may include a plurality of second light-shielding patterns. The plurality of second light-shielding patterns may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction DR1 or the second direction DR2. The plurality of first light-shielding patterns may be arranged in the non-transparent region LSA. The plurality of second light-shielding patterns may overlap with the plurality of first light-shielding patterns in the third direction DR3. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7, some of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns may overlap with the light-emitting elements 170 of the normal mode region NEA. As shown in Figure 8a, the plurality of second light-shielding patterns may not overlap with the light-emitting elements 170 of the privacy mode region PEA. The plurality of second light-shielding patterns may overlap with the bank 190 located between the privacy mode region PEAs and may overlap with the first touch electrode REL and the second touch electrode TEL.

[0192] The third mediating layer OLD3 is positioned on the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. For example, the third mediating layer OLD3 may be positioned on the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT. The third mediating layer OLD3 may be positioned on the partition wall of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT. The third mediating layer OLD3 does not overlap with the multiple grooves GRV of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT. The third mediating layer OLD3 may cover the upper and side surfaces of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2.

[0193] The third mediating layer OLD3 may contain a transparent inorganic material. For example, the third mediating layer OLD3 may be silicon oxide (SiO2). x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include at least one of the following. In one embodiment, the third mediating layer OLD3 is silicon oxide (SiO x ) or silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include, and the thickness of the third mediating layer OLD3 may be approximately 500 Å to 1500 Å, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the third mediating layer OLD3 means the distance DR3 in the third direction between the upper surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 and the upper surface of the third mediating layer OLD3.

[0194] The second mediating layer OLD2 and the third mediating layer OLD3 are positioned between the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 and the organic film (e.g., the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT), thereby increasing the interfacial properties so that the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 can be easily deposited onto the organic film during the deposition process of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2. Furthermore, the second mediating layer OLD2 and the third mediating layer OLD3 can act as a photomask or photoresist in the process of forming the groove GRV of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT or the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. This will be explained in detail with the manufacturing method S1, S1_1 of the display device (see Figures 20 and 37), referring to Figure 20 and other figures.

[0195] The second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 is placed on top of the low-refractive-refraction transmissive film LLT and the third mediating layer OLD3. The second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 transmits light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may contain a transparent organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may be approximately 2.5 μm to 5 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 to the upper surface of the third mediating layer OLD3.

[0196] The second light-transmitting lower layer OPVX2 is conformally arranged along the groove GRV of the low-refractive-transmitting LLT, the side surface of the second mediating layer OLD2, and the third mediating layer OLD3. For example, the shape of the underside of the second light-transmitting lower layer OPVX2 corresponds to the shape of the groove GRV of the low-refractive-transmitting LLT, the side surface of the second mediating layer OLD2, and the side and top surfaces of the third mediating layer OLD3.

[0197] The shape of the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may be concave in the direction of the display layer DU. For example, the portion of the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 that overlaps with the groove GRV of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT may be concave in the direction of the display layer DU, while the portion of the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 that overlaps with the partition wall of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT may be flat.

[0198] The second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 can be a lower film that prevents uncured material of the light-transmitting film LT from overflowing at the outer casing of the display panel 100. For example, the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 can prevent uncured material of the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT from overflowing at the outer casing of the display panel 100. The overflow prevention of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 will be explained with reference to Figure 9.

[0199] The high-refractive-pass film HLT is placed on the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2. The high-refractive-pass film HLT transmits light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The high-refractive-pass film HLT may contain a transparent organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the high-refractive-pass film HLT may be approximately 20 μm to 30 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the high-refractive-pass film HLT refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the high-refractive-pass film HLT, including the lens portion LNS.

[0200] In some embodiments, the high-refractive-transmitting film (HLT) can be formed by an inkjet printing process. The second light-transmitting lower film (OPVX2) can be formed by a vapor deposition process or a photolithography process. The high-refractive-transmitting film (HLT) may contain different materials from the second light-transmitting lower film (OPVX2). For example, the high-refractive-transmitting film (HLT) may contain at least one of an ester-based compound and a phosphine oxide compound. Specifically, the ester-based compound may have 30 or fewer carbon atoms. The second light-transmitting lower film (OPVX2) may contain at least one of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethacrylic acid-benzylmethacrylic acid copolymer, multi-functional acrylate, and a photoinitiator.

[0201] The high-refractive-transmitting film HLT may include multiple lens portions LNS. These multiple lens portions LNS may be located within multiple grooves GRV of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT. The multiple lens portions LNS correspond to the shape of the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2. The multiple lens portions LNS may have a shape that protrudes from the upper layer of the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT in the opposite direction of the third direction DR3. Here, the upper layer means the portion located on the lens portion LNS and distributed across the entire surface of the display panel 100, spanning the transmittance region OA and the non-transmittance region LSA. In one embodiment, the thickness of the lens portion LNS may be approximately 5 μm to 10 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the lens portion LNS means the distance in the third direction DR3 from the boundary where the upper layer of the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT and the lens portion LNS meet to the bottom surface located at the lowest end of the lens portion LNS.

[0202] Multiple lens units LNS may be arranged spaced apart from each other in a first direction DR1 or a second direction DR2. Multiple lens units LNS may be arranged in a transmission region OA. Between the spaced-away multiple lens units LNS, partitions of a low-refractive-transmitting film LLT, a second mediating layer OLD2, a second light-shielding layer LS_L2, and a third mediating layer OLD3 may be arranged. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7, multiple lens units LNS may overlap with the light-emitting element 170 in the normal mode region NEA. As shown in Figure 8a, multiple lens units LNS may overlap with the light-emitting element 170 in the privacy mode region PEA.

[0203] In some embodiments, the refractive index of the high-refractive-permeable film (HLT) may be greater than that of the low-refractive-permeable film (LLT). For example, the difference between the refractive index of the high-refractive-permeable film (HLT) and the refractive index of the low-refractive-permeable film (LLT) may be approximately 0.1 or greater. In one embodiment, the refractive index of the high-refractive-permeable film (HLT) may be approximately 1.5 to 1.8, and the refractive index of the low-refractive-permeable film (LLT) may be approximately 1.4 to 1.7.

[0204] In this specification, the refractive index refers to the absolute refractive index measured using the sodium (or sodium) D-line (wavelength λ approximately 589 nm: yellow) at normal temperature and humidity (temperature 20 ± 15 °C, humidity 65 ± 20%). For example, the refractive index in this specification may be the absolute refractive index measured at 25 °C and 65% relative humidity using a refractive index measuring instrument (e.g., Ellipsometer (Ellipsometer M-2000, JAWoollam)) according to the Cauchy Film Model, with a wavelength of 589 nm as the reference.

[0205] In some embodiments, the size of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the first light-emitting regions NEA1,PEA1, the size of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the second light-emitting regions NEA2,PEA2, and the size of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the third light-emitting regions NEA3,PEA3 may differ from each other. For example, if the lens portion LNS is circular, the first radius of curvature R1 of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the first light-emitting regions NEA1,PEA1, the second radius of curvature R2 of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the second light-emitting regions NEA2,PEA2, and the third radius of curvature R3 of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the third light-emitting regions NEA3,PEA3 may differ from each other. As another example, if the lens portion LNS is elliptical, the first minor axis radius (or major axis radius) of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the first light-emitting regions NEA1, PEA1, the second minor axis radius (or major axis radius) of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the second light-emitting regions NEA2, PEA2, and the third minor axis radius (or major axis radius) of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the third light-emitting regions NEA3, PEA3 may be different from each other.

[0206] In some embodiments, the average curvature of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the first light-emitting regions NEA1, PEA1, the average curvature of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the second light-emitting regions NEA2, PEA2, and the average curvature of the lens portion LNS overlapping with the third light-emitting regions NEA3, PEA3 may be different from each other.

[0207] As shown in Figure 8b, the refractive index of the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT can vary depending on the wavelength of light. Therefore, in the display device 10 according to this embodiment, at least one of the size and mean curvature of the lens portion LNS that overlaps with the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, PEA1, NEA2, PEA2, NEA3, and PEA3 may be different. As a result, by having at least one of the size and mean curvature of the lens portion LNS differ depending on the wavelength of light emitted from the first to third light-emitting regions NEA1, PEA1, NEA2, PEA2, NEA3, and PEA3, the refractive effect of the lens portion LNS can be maintained identically for each light-emitting region EA.

[0208] The display device 10 according to this embodiment can improve the viewing angle control characteristics by including a lens portion LNS of the high refractive index transmissive film HLT. For example, as shown in Figure 8a, a portion of the light LGT emitted from the light-emitting layer 172 can be emitted at an angle tilted with respect to the third direction DR3. At the interface between the lens portion LNS and the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2, the light LGT can be emitted at an angle parallel to the third direction DR3 (or in a direction close to the third direction DR3) due to the effect of a concave lens. Therefore, the viewing angle control characteristics of the display device 10 can be improved.

[0209] Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the display area, non-display area, and protruding area of ​​a display panel according to one embodiment.

[0210] Referring to Figures 6a, 6b, 7, and 8a, as well as Figure 9, the optical control layer (LCL) is positioned to extend not only to the display area (DA) but also to the non-display area (NDA) or protruding area (PA). For example, the first mediating layer (OLD1), the second mediating layer (OLD2), the third mediating layer (OLD3), the first light-transmitting underlayer (OPVX1), the second light-transmitting underlayer (OPVX2), the low-refractive-transmitting underlayer (LLT), and the high-refractive-transmitting underlayer (HLT) may be positioned to extend not only to the display area (DA) but also to the non-display area (NDA) or protruding area (PA).

[0211] One end of the first mediating layer OLD1 may extend further from the display area DA towards the non-display area NDA or protruding area PA than one end of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. That is, one end of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may be located closer to the display area DA than one end of the first mediating layer OLD1. One end of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may be located closer to the sealing dam EDAM, described later, than one end of the first mediating layer OLD1.

[0212] One end of the second mediating layer OLD2 and one end of the third mediating layer OLD3 may extend further from the display area DA towards the non-display area NDA or protruding area PA than one end of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2. That is, one end of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may be located closer to the display area DA than one end of the second mediating layer OLD2 and one end of the third mediating layer OLD3. One end of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may be located closer to the sealing dam EDAM, described later, than one end of the second mediating layer OLD2 and one end of the third mediating layer OLD3.

[0213] The drawings show that the multiple first shading patterns of the first shading layer LS_L1 and the multiple second shading patterns of the second shading layer LS_L2 are placed only in the display area DA, but are not limited thereto. For example, the multiple first shading patterns of the first shading layer LS_L1 and the multiple second shading patterns of the second shading layer LS_L2 may be placed not only in the display area DA, but also in the non-display area NDA and / or the protruding area PA.

[0214] The display panel 100 may further include a sealed dam EDAM and light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2.

[0215] The sealed dam EDAM may be located inside the display panel 100 compared to the light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2. For example, the sealed dam EDAM may be positioned closer to the display area DA than the light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2.

[0216] The drawings show, but are not limited to, that the sealed dam EDAM is located in the display area DA and the non-display area NDA, and that the light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 are located in the non-display area NDA or the protruding area PA. In other embodiments, the sealed dam EDAM and the light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 may both be located in the non-display area NDA or the protruding area PA, or both may be located in the display area DA.

[0217] The sealing dam EDAM is placed on the base member BS. The sealing dam EDAM can prevent uncured material of the second sealing film TFE2 of the thin film sealing layer TFEL from overflowing into the non-display area (NDA) or the outside. The drawings show that the display panel 100 includes one sealing dam EDAM, but is not limited thereto. The display panel 100 may include two or more sealing dam EDAMs.

[0218] The sealed dam EDAM may have a structure in which at least one or more layers are stacked. In some embodiments, the at least one or more layers of the sealed dam EDAM may contain the same material as at least one of the first organic film 160, the second organic film 180, and the bank 190, and may be arranged in the same layer.

[0219] The light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 are positioned on the first mediating layer OLD1. The light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 may be positioned outside the display panel 100 compared to the sealing dam EDAM. For example, the light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 may be positioned closer to the non-display area NDA or the protruding area PA than the sealing dam EDAM.

[0220] In some embodiments, the light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 may include a first light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM1 and a second light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM2. The second light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM2 may include a first sub-dam SDAM1 and a second sub-dam SDAM2.

[0221] The drawings show that the display panel 100 includes, but is not limited to, two light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1, ODAM2. The display panel 100 may include one or three or more light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1, ODAM2.

[0222] The first light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM1 may be located outside one end of the first light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX1. For example, the first light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM1 may be positioned closer to the non-display area NDA or protruding area PA than one end of the first light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX1. One end of the first light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX1 is positioned away from the first light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM1.

[0223] The second light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM2 may be located outside one end of the second light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX2. For example, the second light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM2 may be positioned closer to the non-display area NDA or the protruding area PA than one end of the second light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX2. One end of the second light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX2 may be positioned at a distance from the second light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM2.

[0224] The light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 can prevent uncured material of the light-transmitting membrane LT from overflowing into the non-display area (NDA) or the outside. For example, the first light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM1 can prevent uncured material of the low-refractive-transmitting membrane LLT from overflowing into the non-display area (NDA) or the outside, and the second light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM2 can prevent uncured material of the high-refractive-transmitting membrane HLT from overflowing into the non-display area (NDA) or the outside.

[0225] The first light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM1 and the first sub-dam SDAM1 of the second light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM2 may contain the same material as the first light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX1 and be located in the same layer. The second sub-dam SDAM2 of the second light-transmitting membrane dam ODAM2 may contain the same material as the second light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX2 and be located in the same layer.

[0226] For example, the light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 may contain propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethacrylic acid-benzylmethacrylic acid copolymer, multi-functional acrylate, and a photoinitiator.

[0227] The light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 are formed together by the same process when the first light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX1 and the second light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX2 are formed. For example, the light-transmitting membrane dams ODAM1 and ODAM2 can be formed together with the first light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX1 and the second light-transmitting lower membrane OPVX2 by a vapor deposition process or a photolithography process.

[0228] The display device 10 according to this embodiment may include stoppers STP1 and STP2. The stoppers STP1 and STP2 may include a first stopper STP1 and a second stopper STP2. The stoppers STP1 and STP2 are located below the light-transmitting film LT. For example, the first stopper STP1 may be located below the low-refractive-index transmissive film LLT, and the second stopper STP2 may be located below the high-refractive-index transmissive film HLT.

[0229] Stoppers STP1 and STP2 are structures that prevent uncured material from overflowing from the light-transmitting film LT. For example, the edges of the light-transmitting film LT do not extend beyond the edges of stoppers STP1 and STP2. That is, the edges of the light-transmitting film LT may coincide with the edges of stoppers STP1 and STP2, or may be located inside the edges of stoppers STP1 and STP2.

[0230] The stoppers STP1 and SPT2 may be parts of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 and the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2. The stoppers STP1 and SPT2 represent one end of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 and the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2, and due to the change in film quality and the surface tension of the uncured material of the light-transmitting film LT itself caused by the interruption of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 and the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 by the stoppers STP1 and SPT2, the end of the light-transmitting film LT placed on the stoppers STP1 and SPT2 does not extend beyond the stoppers STP1 and SPT2.

[0231] The first stopper STP1 may be a part (edge) of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. The first stopper STP1 may be one end of the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 adjacent to the first light-transmitting film dam ODAM1. One end of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT may be positioned on the first stopper STP1, which can prevent the uncured material of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT from overflowing.

[0232] One end of the low-refractive-point permeable membrane LLT does not extend beyond one end of the first stopper STP1. One end of the low-refractive-point permeable membrane LLT may coincide with one end of the first stopper STP1 or be located inside one end of the first stopper STP1.

[0233] The second stopper STP2 may be a part (edge) of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2. The second stopper STP2 may be one end of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 adjacent to the second light-transmitting film dam ODAM2. One end of the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT may be positioned on the second stopper STP2, which can prevent the uncured material of the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT from overflowing.

[0234] One end of the high-refractive-index permeable membrane (HLT) does not extend beyond one end of the second stopper (STP2). One end of the high-refractive-index permeable membrane (HLT) may coincide with one end of the second stopper (STP2) or be located inside one end of the second stopper (STP2).

[0235] The display device 10 according to this embodiment includes a first stopper STP1 and a second stopper STP2 positioned below one end (edge) of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT and the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT, respectively. This prevents the uncured material (ink) of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT and the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT from overflowing when they are formed by an inkjet process.

[0236] Figure 10a is an enlarged view of area A in Figure 8a.

[0237] Referring to Figure 10a in addition to Figure 8a, in one embodiment of the display device 10, the width W1 of the first light-shielding pattern of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 may be different from the width W2 of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. For example, the width W1 of the first light-shielding pattern may be larger than the width W2 of the second light-shielding pattern.

[0238] Furthermore, in the display device 10 according to one embodiment, the width W3 of the third mediating layer OLD3 may be greater than the width W2 of the second light-shielding pattern. The third mediating layer OLD3 may cover the side and top surfaces of the second light-shielding pattern.

[0239] On the other hand, in a display device 10 according to one embodiment, one end LNSa of the lens portion LNS (for example, the point where the lower surface of the upper portion and the lens portion LNS are in contact) and one end LS_L2a of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 can be separated by a first distance D0 in the first direction DR1.

[0240] Figure 10b is a plan view showing a portion of the display area according to another embodiment. Figure 10c is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of the display panel according to another embodiment.

[0241] Referring to Figures 10b and 10c, the display device 10 according to this embodiment differs from the display device 10 according to one embodiment described with reference to Figure 6a, etc., in that the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 and the lens portion LNS are positioned offset from the first light-shielding layer LS_L1.

[0242] More specifically, the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 can be arranged by being shifted in the secondary direction DR2 from the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. For example, as shown in FIG. 10b, a part above the horizontal light-shielding film HLS in the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 does not overlap with the horizontal light-shielding film HLS of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 in the third direction DR3, and a part below the horizontal light-shielding film HLS of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 may not overlap with the horizontal light-shielding film HLS of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 in the third direction DR3.

[0243] As shown in the drawing, the horizontal light-shielding film HLS of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 and the horizontal light-shielding film HLS of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may overlap with each other in some regions, but are not limited thereto. When the degree to which the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is shifted in the secondary direction DR2 is larger than the width of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 in the secondary direction DR2, the horizontal light-shielding film HLS of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may not overlap with the horizontal light-shielding film HLS of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1.

[0244] When the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is shifted in the secondary direction DR2, the vertical light-shielding film VLS of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 and the vertical light-shielding film VLS of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 can still overlap.

[0245] <N FIG. 10b shows that the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is shifted in the secondary direction DR2 from the first light-shielding layer LS_L1, but is not limited thereto. For example, the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be shifted in the primary direction DR1 from the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. Hereinafter, for the convenience of explanation, the case where the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is shifted in the secondary direction DR2 from the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 will be taken as an example for explanation.

[0246] FIG. 10b shows that all of the horizontal light-shielding films HLS of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 are shifted in one direction from all of the horizontal light-shielding films HLS of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1, but it is not limited thereto. In some embodiments, at least some of the plurality of horizontal light-shielding films HLS of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be shifted in one direction from at least some of the plurality of horizontal light-shielding films HLS of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1.

[0247] As shown in FIG. 10c, like the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 being shifted, the grooves GRV of the low refractive index transmissive film LLT and the lens portions LNS of the high refractive index transmissive film HLT may also be shifted and arranged in the second direction DR2 from the first light-shielding layer LS_L1.

[0248] For example, the center of the first light-shielding pattern of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 and the center of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be displaced in the second direction DR2 by a first shift distance D_S. Therefore, the grooves GRV and the lens portions LNS, which are located between the second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, may also be displaced in the second direction DR2 by the first shift distance D_S from the midpoint of the first light-shielding pattern.

[0249] In some embodiments, at least some of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be shifted in one direction (e.g., the second direction DR2) from at least some of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. Similarly, at least some of the plurality of grooves GRV and at least some of the plurality of lens portions LNS, which are located between the plurality of second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, may be shifted in one direction (e.g., the second direction DR2) from at least some of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1.

[0250] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be shifted in the second direction DR2 more than at least a portion of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1, and at least another portion of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be shifted in a direction different from the second direction DR2 (for example, in the opposite direction to the second direction DR2) more than at least another portion of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. That is, a portion of the second light-shielding patterns may be shifted in one direction relative to the first light-shielding patterns, and a portion of the second light-shielding patterns may be shifted in a direction different from one direction relative to the first light-shielding patterns.

[0251] According to the display device 10 of this embodiment, by shifting the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 and the lens portion LNS to one side from the first light-shielding pattern of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1, the direction of light emission from the light-emitting layer 172 can be changed from the front direction (e.g., the third direction DR3) to the diagonal direction (e.g., the diagonal direction defined by the second direction DR2 and the third direction DR3).

[0252] As a result, when the display device 10 is applied as an in-vehicle display in an automobile, the user can see the image on the display device 10 more clearly, even if the display device 10 is installed at a position lower than the user's field of view.

[0253] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be shifted by a first shift distance D_S in the second direction DR2 from at least a portion of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1, and at least another portion of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be shifted by a second shift distance in the second direction DR2 from at least another portion of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. The second shift distance may have a different magnitude from the first shift distance D_S. That is, the direction (or angle) of light emission from the light-emitting layer 172 can be made different in a portion of the display area DA (see Figure 1) and in another portion.

[0254] Figure 10d is a simulated photograph showing the light path in the display panel according to the embodiment of Figure 10a. Figure 10e is a simulated photograph showing the light path in the display panel according to the embodiments of Figures 10b and 10c.

[0255] Referring to Figures 10d and 10e in addition to Figures 10a to 10c, the display device 10 according to this embodiment can minimize the reduction in brightness due to the arrangement of the light control layer LCL and effectively control the viewing angle.

[0256] For example, as shown in Figure 10d, examining the light path in the display panel 100 according to the embodiment of Figure 10a, the viewing angle of the light emitted from the lens portion LNS due to the focusing effect can be approximately within 30 degrees with respect to the front direction (e.g., the third direction DR3). Among the light incident on the lens portion LNS from the light-emitting layer 172, some of the light with an incident angle greater than 30 degrees with respect to the third direction DR3 can be focused on the surface of the lens portion LNS, allowing it to be emitted with a viewing angle of 30 degrees or less. Therefore, it can have higher luminous efficiency and brightness than the display panel 100 according to the comparative embodiment that does not include the lens portion LNS.

[0257] As shown in Figure 10e, in the display panel 100 according to the embodiments of Figures 10b and 10c, the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 and the lens portion LNS are positioned shifted by a first shift distance D_S from the first light-shielding pattern of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. Therefore, it can be seen that the light path that passes through the lens portion LNS is tilted in the direction of the shift when emitted.

[0258] Therefore, as mentioned above, when the display device 10 is used as an in-vehicle display in an automobile, the user can see the image on the display device 10 more clearly even if the display device 10 is installed in a position lower than the user's field of view.

[0259] Figure 11 is a perspective view showing the first lens portion according to one embodiment. Figure 12 is a perspective view showing the second lens portion according to one embodiment.

[0260] Referring to Figures 6a and 6b, as well as Figures 11 and 12, the lens section LNS may include a first lens LNS1 or a second lens LNS2. The first lens LNS1 may be semi-cylindrical in shape, and the second lens LNS2 may be hemispherical in shape.

[0261] As an example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6a, in the normal mode region NEA, the transparent region OA extends in the first direction DR1, so the lens portion LNS may have a semi-cylindrical shape like the first lens LNS1. Also, in the privacy mode region PEA, the transparent region OA extends in the second direction DR2, so the lens portion LNS has a semi-cylindrical shape like the first lens LNS1, but it may have a semi-cylindrical shape where the length of the second direction DR2 is longer than the length of the first direction DR1.

[0262] As another example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 6b, in the normal mode region NEA, the transparent region OA extends in the first direction DR1, so the lens portion LNS may have a semi-cylindrical shape, such as the first lens LNS1. On the other hand, in the privacy mode region PEA, the transparent region OA is circular on a plane, so the lens portion LNS may have a hemispherical shape, such as the second lens LNS2.

[0263] The following describes other embodiments of the display device according to one embodiment. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for components identical to those in the above embodiment, redundant explanations are omitted or simplified, and the focus is on the differences.

[0264] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a display panel according to another embodiment. Figures 14 and 15a are enlarged views of area B in Figure 13. Figure 15b is a simulated photograph showing the light travel path in the display panel according to the embodiments of Figures 14 and 15a.

[0265] Referring to Figures 13, 14, 15a, and 15b, the display device 10 according to this embodiment differs from the display device 10 according to one embodiment described with reference to Figure 8a, etc., in that it does not include a second mediating layer OLD2.

[0266] More specifically, the light control layer LCL may include a first mediating layer OLD1, a first light-shielding layer LS_L1, a first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1, a low-refractive-refraction transmission film LLT, a second light-shielding layer LS_L2, a third mediating layer OLD3, a second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2, and a high-refractive-refraction transmission film HLT.

[0267] The second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is placed on the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT. The second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be placed directly on the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT. The second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be placed directly on the partition wall of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT. That is, the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be in direct contact with the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT, and with the partition wall of the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT.

[0268] The third intermediate layer OLD3 is disposed on the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. The third intermediate layer OLD3 may be disposed on the upper surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. The third intermediate layer OLD3 may be in direct contact with the upper surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. Different from the display device 10 according to an embodiment described with reference to FIG. 8a etc., in the display device 10 according to this embodiment, the third intermediate layer OLD3 does not cover the side surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 and is not in direct contact therewith.

[0269] The second light-transmissive lower film OPVX2 may be disposed on the low-refractive-transmission film LLT and the third intermediate layer OLD3. The second light-transmissive lower film OPVX2 may be disposed conformally along the groove GRV of the low-refractive-transmission film LLT, the side surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, and the third intermediate layer OLD3. For example, the shape of the lower surface of the second light-transmissive lower film OPVX2 corresponds to the inner surface of the groove GRV of the low-refractive-transmission film LLT, the side surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, and the side surface and upper surface of the third intermediate layer OLD3.

[0270] Different from the display device 10 according to an embodiment described with reference to FIG. 8a etc., in the display device 10 according to this embodiment, the second light-transmissive lower film OPVX2 may be in direct contact with the side surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2.

[0271] As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15a, in the display device 10 according to this embodiment, the width W3 of the third intermediate layer OLD3 is smaller than the width W2 of the second light-shielding pattern. The third intermediate layer OLD3 is disposed only on the upper surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 and does not have to cover the side surface of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2.

[0272] Therefore, the first distance D0 in the display device 10 according to one embodiment, as described with reference to Figure 8a, becomes narrower or disappears. As an example, as shown in Figure 14, one end LNSa of the lens portion LNS and one end LS_L2a of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, which are adjacent to each other, may be located on a virtual reference line L0 extending in the third direction DR3. That is, one end LNSa of the lens portion LNS and one end LS_L2a of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, which are adjacent to each other, may be located on the same line in the third direction DR3.

[0273] As another example, as shown in Figure 15a, one end LNSa of the lens portion LNS may overlap with the second light-shielding pattern in the third direction DR3, and one end LS_L2a of the second light-shielding pattern may overlap with the lens portion LNS in the third direction DR3. That is, the lens portion LNS and the second light-shielding pattern may overlap by the first superposition distance W0.

[0274] The display device 10 according to this embodiment can be manufactured by a method for manufacturing a display device according to another embodiment, S1_1 (see Figure 37), which will be described later. According to the display device 10 according to this embodiment, the distance between one end LNSa of the lens portion LNS and one end LS_L2a of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, which are adjacent to each other, becomes narrower, or the lens portion LNS and the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 can overlap. Therefore, light that does not pass through the lens portion LNS is blocked by the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, and light that is not blocked by the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is allowed to pass through the lens portion LNS, thereby further improving the viewing angle control characteristics of the display device 10.

[0275] For example, as shown in Figure 15b, examining the light travel path in the display panel 100 according to the embodiments of Figures 14 and 15a, the viewing angle of the light emitted from the lens portion LNS can be approximately within 15 degrees with respect to the front direction (e.g., the third direction DR3). The characteristics of controlling the light emission viewing angle with respect to the front direction can be further improved by having the edge of the lens portion LNS coincide with the edge of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 in the third direction DR3, or by having the lens portion LNS overlap with the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 in the third direction DR3.

[0276] Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a display panel according to another embodiment. Figure 17 is an enlarged view of area C in Figure 16.

[0277] Referring to Figures 16 and 17, the display device 10 according to this embodiment differs from the display device 10 according to one embodiment described with reference to Figure 8a, etc., in that it further includes a third light-shielding layer LS_L3.

[0278] More specifically, the light control layer LCL of the display device 10 according to this embodiment may include a first mediating layer OLD1, a first light-shielding layer LS_L1, a first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1, a first low-refractive-index transmissive layer LLT_L1, a fourth mediating layer OLD4, a third light-shielding layer LS_L3, a third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3, a second low-refractive-index transmissive layer LLT_L2, a second mediating layer OLD2, a second light-shielding layer LS_L2, a third mediating layer OLD3, a second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2, and a high-refractive-index transmissive film HLT. The first light-shielding layer LS_L1 and the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, as well as the third light-shielding layer LS_L3, may be included in the light-shielding film LS. The first low-refractive-index transmissive layer LLT_L1 and the second low-refractive-index transmissive layer LLT_L2 may be included in the low-refractive-index transmissive film LLT. Low-refractive-index transmissive films (LLTs) and high-refractive-index transmissive films (HLTs) may be included in the category of light-transmitting films (LTs).

[0279] The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may be a lower film that prevents uncured material of the light-transmitting film LT from overflowing at the outer casing of the display panel 100. For example, the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 can prevent uncured material of the first low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L1 from overflowing at the outer casing of the display panel 100.

[0280] The first low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L1 is placed on the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. The first low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L1 can transmit light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The first low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L1 may contain a transparent organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the first low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L1 may be approximately 7 μm to 15 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the first low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L1 refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the first low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L1.

[0281] The fourth mediating layer OLD4 is placed on the first low-refractive-frequency transparent layer LLT_L1. The fourth mediating layer OLD4 may contain a transparent inorganic material. For example, the fourth mediating layer OLD4 may contain silicon oxide (SiO2). x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include at least one of the following. In one embodiment, the fourth mediating layer OLD4 is silicon oxide (SiO x ) or silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include, and the thickness of the fourth mediating layer OLD4 can be approximately 500 Å to 1000 Å, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the fourth mediating layer OLD4 means the distance DR3 in the third direction between the upper and lower surfaces of the fourth mediating layer OLD4.

[0282] The fourth mediating layer OLD4 is positioned between the third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 and the organic film (e.g., the first low-refractive-index transmissive layer LLT_L1), thereby increasing the interfacial properties so that the third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 can be easily deposited onto the organic film during the deposition process of the third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3.

[0283] The third light-shielding layer LS_L3 is placed on the fourth mediating layer OLD4. The third light-shielding layer LS_L3 can absorb or block light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The third light-shielding layer LS_L3 may contain a light-shielding organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the third light-shielding layer LS_L3 may be approximately 1 μm to 2 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the third light-shielding layer LS_L3 refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the top surface to the bottom surface of the third light-shielding layer LS_L3.

[0284] The third light-shielding layer LS_L3 may contain multiple third light-shielding patterns. These multiple third light-shielding patterns may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction DR1 or the second direction DR2. These multiple third light-shielding patterns may be located in the non-transparent region LSA. These multiple third light-shielding patterns may overlap with multiple first light-shielding patterns and multiple second light-shielding patterns in the third direction DR3.

[0285] The third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 is placed on the fourth mediating layer OLD4. The third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 may cover the upper and side surfaces of multiple third light-shielding patterns of the third light-shielding layer LS_L3. The third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 can transmit light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 may contain a transparent organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 may be approximately 2.5 μm to 5 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the upper surface to the lower surface of the third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3.

[0286] The third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 may be a lower film that prevents uncured material of the light-transmitting film LT from overflowing from the outer casing of the display panel 100. For example, the third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3 can prevent uncured material of the second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 from overflowing from the outer casing of the display panel 100.

[0287] The second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 is placed on the third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3. The second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 transmits light emitted from the light-emitting layer 172. The second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 may contain a transparent organic material. In one embodiment, the thickness of the second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 may be approximately 7 μm to 15 μm, but is not limited thereto. Here, the thickness of the second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 refers to the distance DR3 in the third direction from the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 to the lower surface located at the lowermost end of the second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2. The second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 may contain a plurality of grooves GRV.

[0288] The second mediating layer OLD2 is located on the second low-refractive-frequency transmissive layer LLT_L2. For example, the second mediating layer OLD2 may be located on the upper surface at the uppermost end of the second low-refractive-frequency transmissive layer LLT_L2. The second mediating layer OLD2 may be located on the partition wall of the second low-refractive-frequency transmissive layer LLT_L2. The second mediating layer OLD2 may not overlap with the multiple grooves GRV of the second low-refractive-frequency transmissive layer LLT_L2.

[0289] The second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is placed on the second mediating layer OLD2. The second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be placed on the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the second low-refractive-transmitting layer LLT_L2. The second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may be placed on the partition of the second low-refractive-transmitting layer LLT_L2.

[0290] The third mediating layer OLD3 is positioned on the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. For example, the third mediating layer OLD3 may be positioned on the upper surface located at the uppermost end of the second low-refractive-transmitting layer LLT_L2. The third mediating layer OLD3 may be positioned on the partition of the second low-refractive-transmitting layer LLT_L2. The third mediating layer OLD3 may not overlap with the multiple grooves GRV of the second low-refractive-transmitting layer LLT_L2.

[0291] The second light-transmitting lower layer OPVX2 is positioned on top of the second low-refractive-index transmission layer LLT_L2 and the third mediating layer OLD3.

[0292] The second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may be conformally arranged along the groove GRV of the second low-refractive-frequency transmission layer LLT_L2, the sides of the second mediating layer OLD2, and the third mediating layer OLD3. For example, the shape of the bottom surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 corresponds to the shape of the groove GRV of the second low-refractive-frequency transmission layer LLT_L2, the sides of the second mediating layer OLD2, and the sides and top surface of the third mediating layer OLD3.

[0293] The shape of the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may be concave in the direction toward the display layer DU. For example, the portion of the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 that overlaps with the groove GRV of the second low-refractive-transmitting layer LLT_L2 may be concave in the direction toward the display layer DU, while the portion of the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 that overlaps with the partition wall of the second low-refractive-transmitting layer LLT_L2 may be flat.

[0294] The high-refractive-index (HLT) transmission film may include multiple lens portions (LNS). These multiple lens portions (LNS) may be located within multiple grooves (GRV) of the second low-refractive-index (LLT_L2) transmission layer. Between the separated lens portions (LNS), partitions of the second low-refractive-index (LLT_L2), a second mediating layer (OLD2), a second light-shielding layer (LS_L2), and a third mediating layer (OLD3) may be arranged.

[0295] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 17, in the display device 10 according to this embodiment, the width W4 of the third light-shielding pattern of the third light-shielding layer LS_L3 may be smaller than the width W1 of the first light-shielding pattern of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 and larger than the width W2 of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2.

[0296] The display device 10 according to this embodiment can improve the viewing angle control characteristics of the display device 10 by further including a third light-shielding layer LS_L3.

[0297] Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a display panel according to another embodiment. Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view showing a display panel according to yet another embodiment.

[0298] Referring to Figures 18 and 19, the display device 10 according to this embodiment differs from the display device 10 according to one embodiment described with reference to Figure 8a, etc., in that it further includes color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0299] More specifically, the display device 10 according to this embodiment may further include color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 arranged in the light control layer LCL. The color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may include a first color filter CF1 that overlaps with the first light-emitting region PEA1 of the privacy mode region PEA, a second color filter CF2 that overlaps with the second light-emitting region PEA2 of the privacy mode region PEA, and a third color filter CF3 that overlaps with the third light-emitting region PEA3 of the privacy mode region PEA.

[0300] The color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may contain colorants such as dyes or pigments that absorb light in wavelength bands other than specific wavelength bands, and may be arranged in accordance with the color of light emitted by the light-emitting element 170. For example, the first color filter CF1 may be a red color filter that transmits only red light, the second color filter CF2 may be a green color filter that transmits only green light, and the third color filter CF3 may be a blue color filter that transmits only blue light.

[0301] The diagram only shows color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 that overlap with the light-emitting regions PEA1, PEA2, and PEA3 of the privacy mode region PEA. However, color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 that overlap with the light-emitting regions NEA1, NEA2, and NEA3 (see Figure 6a) of the normal mode region NEA (see Figure 6a) may also be included.

[0302] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 18, the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be placed on the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. For example, the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be placed between the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 and the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. The color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be covered by the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1.

[0303] In this case, the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 can be placed between multiple first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. At least a portion of both ends of the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may overlap with multiple first light-shielding patterns. The width of the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be greater than the separation distance between the first light-shielding patterns.

[0304] In other embodiments, as shown in Figure 19, the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be placed on a low-refractive-transmitting film LLT and a third mediating layer OLD3. For example, the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be placed between the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT and the third mediating layer OLD3 and a second light-transmitting underlayer OPVX2. The color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be covered by the second light-transmitting underlayer OPVX2. A portion (e.g., most) of the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be placed in the groove GRV, while the other portion may be placed on the third mediating layer OLD3.

[0305] In this case, the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 can be placed between multiple second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. At least a portion of both ends of the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may overlap with multiple second light-shielding patterns. The width of the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may be greater than the separation distance between the second light-shielding patterns.

[0306] The display device 10 according to this embodiment includes color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 arranged on the display layer DU, which can reduce the intensity of reflected light from ambient light. Furthermore, the color perception of reflected light from ambient light can be controlled by adjusting the arrangement, shape, and area of ​​the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 on the plan view.

[0307] The following describes a method for manufacturing a display device according to one embodiment.

[0308] Figure 20 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a display device according to one embodiment. Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view showing step S100 of Figure 20. Figures 22 to 24 are cross-sectional views showing step S110 of Figure 20. Figure 25 is a cross-sectional view showing step S120 of Figure 20. Figures 26 and 27 are cross-sectional views showing step S130 of Figure 20. Figures 28 to 30 are cross-sectional views showing step S140 of Figure 20. Figure 31 is a cross-sectional view showing step S150 of Figure 20. Figures 32 and 33 are cross-sectional views showing step S160 of Figure 20. Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view showing step S170 of Figure 20. Figure 35 is a cross-sectional view showing step S180 of Figure 20. Figure 36 is a cross-sectional view showing step S190 of Figure 20.

[0309] Referring to Figures 20 to 36, a method for manufacturing a display device according to one embodiment, S1, may include the steps of forming a first mediating layer (S100), forming a first light-shielding layer (S110), forming a first light-transmitting lower film (S120), arranging a low-refractive-transmitting material layer and a second mediating material layer (S130), forming a second light-shielding layer (S140), arranging a third mediating material layer (S150), forming a second mediating layer and a third mediating layer (S160), forming a low-refractive-transmitting film (S170), forming a second light-transmitting lower film (S180), and forming a high-refractive-transmitting film (S190).

[0310] First, as shown in Figure 21, in the step of forming the first mediating layer (S100), the first mediating layer OLD1 is placed on top of the display layer DU or the touch sensor layer TSU. The first mediating layer OLD1 is made of silicon oxide (SiOx ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include at least one of the following. The first mediating layer OLD1 may be formed by a vapor deposition process or a photolithography process.

[0311] Next, as shown in Figures 22 to 24, in the step of forming the first light-shielding layer (S110), the first light-shielding material layer LS_L1_M may be placed on the first mediating layer OLD1. The first light-shielding material layer LS_L1_M may contain a light-shielding organic substance, such as an organic black pigment including carbon black. The first light-shielding material layer LS_L1_M may be formed by a vapor deposition process.

[0312] Next, the first light-shielding material layer LS_L1_M is patterned to form the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. For example, the first photoresist PR1 may be placed on the first light-shielding material layer LS_L1_M. The first light-shielding layer LS_L1 is formed by patterning the first light-shielding material layer LS_L1_M using the first photoresist PR1 in a photolithography process. After the first light-shielding layer LS_L1 is formed, the first photoresist PR1 may be removed by a separate stripping process.

[0313] Next, as shown in Figure 25, in the step of forming the first light-transmitting lower film (S120), the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 is placed on the first mediating layer OLD1 and the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 may contain propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethacrylic acid-benzylmethacrylic acid copolymer, multi-functional acrylate, and a photoinitiator. The first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 can be formed by a vapor deposition process or a photolithography process.

[0314] Next, as shown in Figures 26 and 27, in the step of arranging the low-refractive-transmitting material layer and the second mediating material layer (S130), the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M is placed on the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. The low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M may contain an ester-based compound and a phosphine oxide compound. Specifically, the ester-based compound may have 30 or fewer carbon atoms. The low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M can be formed by an inkjet printing process.

[0315] Next, the second mediating material layer OLD2_M is placed on the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M. The second mediating material layer OLD2_M is silicon oxide (SiO2). x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include at least one of the following. The second mediating material layer OLD2_M may be formed by a vapor deposition process.

[0316] Next, as shown in Figures 28 to 30, in the step of forming the second light-shielding layer (S140), the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M is placed on the second mediating material layer OLD2_M. The second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M may contain a light-shielding organic substance, such as an organic black pigment including carbon black. The second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M may be formed by a vapor deposition process.

[0317] Next, the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M is patterned to form the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. For example, the second photoresist PR2 is placed on the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M. At this time, the second photoresist PR2 may be placed so as to overlap with multiple first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. The second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is formed by patterning the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M using the second photoresist PR2 in a photolithography process. After the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 is formed, the second photoresist PR2 may be removed by a separate stripping process.

[0318] Next, as shown in Figure 31, in the step of arranging the third mediating material layer (S150), the third mediating material layer OLD3_M is placed on the second mediating material layer OLD2_M and the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. The third mediating material layer OLD3_M is silicon oxide (SiO2 x ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), and silicon oxynitride (SiO x N y ) may include at least one of the following. The third mediating material layer OLD3_M may be formed by a vapor deposition process.

[0319] Next, as shown in Figures 32 and 33, in the step of forming the second and third mediating layers (S160), the second mediating material layer OLD2_M and the third mediating material layer OLD3_M can be patterned to form the second mediating layer OLD2 and the third mediating layer OLD3, respectively. For example, the third photoresist PR3 can be placed on the third mediating material layer OLD3_M. In this case, the third photoresist PR3 can be placed so as to overlap with multiple second light-shielding patterns of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2. The second mediating layer OLD2 and the third mediating layer OLD3 can be formed by patterning the second mediating material layer OLD2_M and the third mediating material layer OLD3_M at once using the third photoresist PR3 in a photolithography process.

[0320] In one embodiment, the third photoresist PR3 may be removed by a separate stripping process, similar to the first photoresist PR1 and the second photoresist PR2. In other embodiments, unlike the first photoresist PR1 and the second photoresist PR2, the third photoresist PR3 may not be removed by a separate stripping process, but may be etched and removed together with the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M in the step of forming the low-refractive-transmitting film (S170), which will be described later.

[0321] Next, as shown in Figure 34, in the step of forming a low-refractive-transmitting film (S170), the second mediating layer OLD2 and the third mediating layer OLD3 are used as masks to form grooves GRV in the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M, thereby forming the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT. For example, a dry etching process can be performed using an etching solution that has a high etching rate for the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT containing an organic film and a low etching rate for the second mediating layer OLD2 and the third mediating layer OLD3 containing an inorganic film. In this process, the third photoresist PR3 can be removed together.

[0322] Next, as shown in Figure 35, in the step of forming the second light-transmitting lower film (S180), the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 is placed on the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT and the third mediating layer OLD3. The second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may contain propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, ethacrylic acid-benzylmethacrylic acid copolymer, multi-functional acrylate, and a photoinitiator. The second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 can be formed by a vapor deposition process or a photolithography process. During the vapor deposition of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2, the upper surface shape of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2 may be deposited in a concave shape in the direction of the display layer DU.

[0323] Finally, as shown in Figure 36, in the step of forming the high-refractive-transmitting film (S190), the high-refractive-transmitting film HLT is placed on the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2. The high-refractive-transmitting film HLT may contain an ester-based compound and a phosphine oxide compound. Specifically, the ester-based compound may have 30 or fewer carbon atoms. The high-refractive-transmitting film HLT may be formed by an inkjet printing process. The high-refractive-transmitting film HLT may include a lens portion LNS formed along the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2.

[0324] The following describes other embodiments of the method for manufacturing a display device according to one embodiment. In the following embodiments, the same reference numerals are used for components identical to those in the above embodiment, redundant explanations are omitted or simplified, and the focus is on the differences.

[0325] Figure 37 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a display device according to another embodiment. Figures 38 to 40 are cross-sectional views showing step S130_1 of Figure 37. Figures 41 and 42 are cross-sectional views showing step S160_1 of Figure 37. Figure 43 is a cross-sectional view showing step S170_1 of Figure 37. Figure 44 is a cross-sectional view showing step S180 of Figure 37. Figure 45 is a cross-sectional view showing step S190 of Figure 37.

[0326] Referring to Figures 37 to 45, the method for manufacturing a display device S1_1 according to this embodiment differs from the method for manufacturing a display device S1 according to one embodiment described with reference to Figure 20, in that the step of patterning the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M to form the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 proceeds simultaneously with the step of etching the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M to form the low-refractive-transmitting film LLT, and does not include the second mediating layer OLD2.

[0327] More specifically, a method for manufacturing a display device according to another embodiment S1_1 may include the steps of forming a first mediating layer (S100), forming a first light-shielding layer (S110), forming a first light-transmitting lower film (S120), arranging a low-refractive-transmitting material layer, a second light-shielding material layer, and a third mediating material layer (S130_1), forming a third mediating layer (S160_1), forming a second light-shielding layer and a low-refractive-transmitting film (S170_1), forming a second light-transmitting lower film (S180), and forming a high-refractive-transmitting film (S190).

[0328] The steps of forming the first mediating layer (S100), forming the first light-shielding layer (S110), and forming the first light-transmitting lower film (S120) are the same as the method for manufacturing a display device according to one embodiment described with reference to Figure 20 (S1), and are therefore omitted.

[0329] First, as shown in Figures 38 to 40, in the step of arranging the low-refractive-transmitting material layer, the second light-shielding material layer, and the third mediating material layer (S130_1), the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M is placed on the first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1. Next, the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M is placed on the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M. Next, the third mediating material layer OLD3_M is placed on the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M.

[0330] In this case, instead of the second mediating material layer OLD2_M being placed on the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M, the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M may be placed immediately above the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M.

[0331] Furthermore, instead of the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M being patterned to form the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 before the third mediating material layer OLD3_M is placed, the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M may be placed first, and then the third mediating material layer OLD3_M may be placed without patterning the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M.

[0332] Next, as shown in Figures 41 and 42, in the step of forming the third mediating layer (S160_1), the third mediating material layer OLD3_M is patterned to form the third mediating layer OLD3. For example, a third photoresist PR3 may be placed on the third mediating material layer OLD3_M. In this case, the third photoresist PR3 may be placed so as to overlap with a plurality of first light-shielding patterns of the first light-shielding layer LS_L1. The third mediating layer OLD3 can be formed by patterning the third mediating material layer OLD3_M using the third photoresist PR3 in a photolithography process.

[0333] Next, as shown in Figure 43, in the step of forming the second light-shielding layer and the low-refractive-transmitting film (S170_1), the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M and the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M can be etched at once using the third mediating layer OLD3 as a mask. For example, by performing a dry etching process using the third mediating layer OLD3 as a mask, the second light-shielding material layer LS_L2_M can be patterned to form the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, and a portion of the low-refractive-transmitting material layer LLT_M can be etched to form grooves GRV.

[0334] Subsequently, as shown in Figures 44 and 45, the steps of forming a second light-transmitting lower film (S180) and forming a high-refractive-reactive film (S190) are carried out. The explanation of the steps of forming the second light-transmitting lower film (S180) and forming the high-refractive-reactive film (S190) is the same as that of the manufacturing method S1 of a display device according to one embodiment described with reference to Figure 20, etc., and is therefore omitted.

[0335] The method for manufacturing the display device S1_1 according to this embodiment does not include a second mediating layer OLD2, and the process efficiency can be improved by performing the process of forming the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 and the process of forming the low-refractive-frequency-transmitting film LLT in one step. Furthermore, as explained with reference to Figure 13, in the display device 10 manufactured by the method for manufacturing the display device S1_1 according to this embodiment, the distance between one end LNSa of the lens portion LNS and one end LS_L2a of the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, which are adjacent to each other, becomes narrower, or the lens portion LNS and the second light-shielding pattern of the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 may overlap. Therefore, light that does not pass through the lens portion LNS is blocked by the second light-shielding layer LS_L2, and light that is not blocked by the second light-shielding layer LS_L2 passes through the lens portion LNS, thereby improving the viewing angle control characteristics of the display device 10.

[0336] While embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the attached drawings, those with ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains will understand that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without altering its technical idea or essential features. Therefore, the above embodiments should be understood to be illustrative and not limiting in all respects.

[0337] A preferred specific embodiment is as follows:

[0338] The background and issues of this matter are as follows (i) to (vi).

[0339] (i) Previously, LCD display panels had optical sheets attached to the front to make them visible only from the front (reducing the viewing angle). In other words, for example, when viewing a computer screen in a train seat, it was possible to prevent people in adjacent seats or in the aisle from peeking at it.

[0340] (ii) Display panels in which light-emitting elements such as organic light-emitting elements (OLEDs) are arranged in a matrix have a wide viewing angle that allows for sufficient visibility from oblique directions. However, in order to improve light utilization efficiency, microlenses have also been provided for each light-emitting element (subpixel) to concentrate the light in the forward direction.

[0341] (iii) Patent Document 1 (CN115084409A) discloses that a crosstalk prevention functional layer 5 made of a black resin material or the like, and its opening (second light-emitting region 502) are formed on a sealing layer 9 covering the light-emitting element 2 to prevent light-emitting crosstalk between adjacent pixels, and a "light-adjustable structure 4a" including a concave lens is formed thereon, and further, an opening (first light-emitting region 302) of a light-shielding region 301 is formed. (Figure 4 of Patent Document 1)

[0342] (iv) According to paragraphs

[0069] to

[0070] of Patent Document 1 (CN115084409A), the above structure is used to prevent light from emitting upwards and diagonally from the display in order to prevent it from being reflected off the windshield and causing obstruction when looking ahead, especially at night.

[0343] (v) On the other hand, it is desirable to have a device that can switch between a narrow viewing angle mode (private mode) with a small viewing angle, especially in the left-right direction, and a wide viewing angle mode (public mode) with a large viewing angle.

[0344] (vi) Furthermore, it is required to improve the ability to control the field of view within an appropriate range, or the ability to switch between different fields of view. In addition, it is required to maintain high manufacturing process efficiency.

[0345] In the specific embodiments of this application, at least one of the following A9 to A11 is assumed, based in part on A1 to A3 or A1 to A8 below.

[0346] A1 The display area (DA) includes opaque regions (LSA) such as linear, mesh-like, or loop-like structures.

[0347] A1-1 This opaque region (LSA) is formed when the lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) and the upper light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2) are overlapped while being relatively separated in the thickness direction.

[0348] A1-2 A lens (LNS) for each light-emitting element is provided at the height between the lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) and the upper light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2). (e.g., Figures 6a, 6b, and 8a in this application)

[0349] A2 A light control layer (LCL) containing a lens (LNS) is provided on top of a sealing layer (thin film sealing layer TEFL) that covers the light-emitting element (170) layer (light-emitting element layer EML). A2-1 A touch sensor layer (TSU) may be provided between the sealing layer (thin film sealing layer TEFL) and the light control layer (LCL). (Figure 8a, etc.)

[0350] The A3 display area (DA) includes a light-emitting area (normal light-emitting area NEA) for wide-viewing-angle mode (public mode) and a light-emitting area (private light-emitting area PEA) for narrow-viewing-angle mode (private mode). Furthermore, the non-transparent area (LSA) may be provided in conjunction with at least the light-emitting area for narrow-field-of-view modes (private light-emitting area PEA). (See Figure 6, etc.)

[0351] A3-1 The non-transparent area (LSA) may be a straight line extending in the left-right direction at the location of the light-emitting area (normal light-emitting area NEA) for the wide-viewing-angle mode (public mode). This prevents light from emitting onto the windshield when used as an in-car display.

[0352] A3-2 The opaque area (LSA), in the location of the light-emitting area (private light-emitting area PEA) for the narrow-viewing-angle mode (private mode), can be a mesh-like area divided into relatively small regions (Figure 6a), or a loop-like (closed curve-like) area surrounding relatively small regions such as circles, ellipses, or rectangles (Figure 6b). This makes it visible only from the front. (See Figure 6, etc.)

[0353] A4 The light control layer (LCL) includes a high-refractive-index (HLT) film containing a lens (LNS) and a low-refractive-index (LLT) film below it.

[0354] The A4-1 lens (LNS) consists of a portion where the high-refractive-index (HLT) transmissive film bulges downward. A4-2 The lens (LNS) may be semi-cylindrical (Figure 11) or hemispherical (Figure 12), etc.

[0355] A4-3 The low refractive index permeable film (LLT) may have a thickness of 15 μm to 30 μm. A4-4 The high refractive index (HLT) transmission film may have a thickness of 20 μm to 30 μm, including the lens (LNS).

[0356] A4-5 The thickness of the lens (LNS) (downward projection height) and the depth of the recessed portion (groove GRV) of the low refractive index transmissive film (LLT) may be 5 μm to 10 μm.

[0357] A4-6 High-refractive-index (HLT) and low-refractive-index (LLT) films can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the refractive index using (meth)acrylic acid esters (acrylate esters) or (meth)acrylic acid resins (acrylates) containing phosphine oxide derivatives. Even with acrylate esters alone, the refractive index can be easily adjusted from, for example, 1.44 (n-lauryl methacrylate) to 1.58 (monofunctional biphenyl skeleton-containing acrylate). Similarly, with phosphine oxide acrylate alone, the refractive index can be easily adjusted within the range of 1.44 to 1.60. By combining these with trifunctional acrylates or acrylates with appropriate side chains, the refractive index can be increased to, for example, 1.80.

[0358] A5 The lens (LNS) is positioned so as to be inserted into the recessed portion (groove GRV) of the low-refractive-index transmissive membrane (LLT). A5-1 The lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) is located below the low-refractive-frequency transmissive film (LLT), and the upper light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2) is located above the non-recessed portion of the low-refractive-frequency transmissive film (LLT). A5-2 Between the inner surface of the recessed portion (groove GRV) of the low refractive index transmissive film (LLT) and the lens (LNS), a conformal light-transmitting film (second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2) is provided on the bulging surface of the lens (LNS) to fill the space between them.

[0359] A5-3 The conformal light-transmitting film (second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2) can be formed, for example, by photolithography using a photomask in which a dot-like pattern is arranged in a gradient.

[0360] A5-4 The high refractive index (HLT) film can be obtained by coating the indented surface of the light-transmitting film (second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2) using inkjet printing, and then curing it with ultraviolet light or the like.

[0361] A5-5 The lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) and the upper light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2) may consist of a light-shielding organic resin such as an acrylate resin containing carbon black, and may have a thickness of 1 μm to 2 μm.

[0362] A5-6 The lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) can be covered with a light-transmitting film (first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1) similar to the conformal light-transmitting film (second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2) described above, thereby forming a flat upper surface.

[0363] A5-7 The conformal light-transmitting film on the upper layer (second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2) and the light-transmitting film on the lower layer (first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1) may both have a thickness of 2.5 μm to 5 μm.

[0364] A5-8 The conformal light-transmitting film on the upper layer (second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2) and the light-transmitting film on the lower layer (first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1) may both have a refractive index similar to that of a low-refractive-transmitting film (LLT). Furthermore, they may consist of, for example, acrylates containing a methacrylate-benzylmethacrylate copolymer and a multifunctional polyfunctional acrylate.

[0365] A6 The lower surface of the light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) and the lower surface of the light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2) are provided with inorganic layers (first and third mediating layers OLD1, OLD3).

[0366] A6-1 An inorganic layer (second mediating layer OLD2) may also be provided on the underside of the upper light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2).

[0367] A6-2 The upper light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2) may be encased in an inorganic layer (second mediating layer OLD2) that covers the upper surface of the non-recessed portion of the low-refractive-transmitting film (LLT), and an inorganic layer (third mediating layer OLD3) that covers it from above.

[0368] A6-3 An inorganic layer (first mediating layer OLD1) is formed as the base layer for the lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1). In particular, when a touch sensor layer (TSU) is provided on the lower side of the light control layer (LCL), the inorganic layer (first mediating layer OLD1) is placed between the planarization layer (PAS) of the touch sensor layer (TSU) and the lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1).

[0369] A6-4 These inorganic layers (first to third mediating layers OLD1 to OLD3) may have a thickness of 50 nm to 100 nm (500 Å to 1000 Å).

[0370] A6-5 These inorganic layers (first to third mediating layers OLD1 to OLD3) may be at least one of silicon oxide (SiOx), silicon nitride (SiNx), and silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy).

[0371] A7 The conformal light-transmitting film on the upper side (second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2) and the light-transmitting film on the lower side (first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1) play a role in preventing uncured material from flowing out into the non-display area (NDA) during the formation of the high-refractive-transmitting film (HLT) and the low-refractive-transmitting film (LLT). In other words, the thick uncured material may wet well with the respective underlying organic light-transmitting films (first light-transmitting lower film OPVX1 and second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2), while being less wettable with the inorganic layer outside the outer edge of the light-transmitting films. (Figure 9 of this application)

[0372] A8 The low-refractive-weighted light-transmitting film (LLT) can be separated into a lower layer (first low-refractive-weighted light-transmitting layer LLT_L1) and an upper layer (second low-refractive-weighted light-transmitting layer LLT_L2), and a third light-shielding layer (third light-shielding layer LS_L3) can be placed between them so as to overlap with the lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) and the upper light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2).

[0373] A8-1 The third light-shielding layer (third light-shielding layer LS_L3) can also be made similar to the lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) by placing a similar inorganic layer (fourth mediating layer OLD4) as a base layer and covering it with a similar light-transmitting film (third light-transmitting lower film OPVX3). (Figure 16 of this application)

[0374] A9 A color filter (CF1~CF3) can be placed between the inner surface of the recessed portion (groove GRV) of the low-refractive-transmitting film (LLT) and the lower lens (LNS) of the high-refractive-transmitting film (HLT). In this case, an organic light-transmitting film (second light-transmitting lower film OPVX2) can be placed across the entire surface between the color filters (CF1~CF3) and the lens (LNS). (Figure 19 of this application)

[0375] A10 The upper end of the non-recessed portion of the low-refractive-index transmissive film (LLT) can be made to be in contact with or nearly in contact with the side surface of the lens (LNS). (Figure 14 of this application)

[0376] A11 The lower light-shielding layer (first light-shielding layer LS_L1) and the upper light-shielding layer (second light-shielding layer LS_L2) can be offset in their planar positions so that the primary emission direction is the direction tilted from the direction perpendicular to the display surface. (Figure 10c of this application) [Explanation of symbols]

[0377] 10 Display device 100 Display Panels 250 Display drive circuit 300 circuit boards 400 Touch Drive Circuits MA Main Area DA display area NDA Hidden Area PA protruding area LCL Optical Control Layer LSA opaque area OA transmission area NEA Normal Mode Region (First Emission Mode Region) PEA Privacy Mode Area (Second Emission Mode Area) NEA1, NEA2, NEA3 (the first to third light-emitting regions in the normal mode region) PEA1, PEA2, PEA3 (Privacy Mode Area) First to Third Emitting Areas EA Illumination Area LS light shielding film HLS,VLS Horizontal light shielding film, vertical light shielding film LT light transmitting film OLD1, OLD2, OLD3, OLD4: The first to fourth mediating layers. OPVX1, OPVX2, OPVX3 First to Third Light-Transmitting Lower Films LS_L1, LS_L2, LS_L3: First to third light-shielding layers LLT Low-Refractive Index Permeable Film LLT_L1, LLT_L2: First and second low-refractive-index transmission layers HLT High-Refractive Index Permeable Membrane GRV groove LNS Lens Section EDAM (Empty Dam) ODAM1, ODAM2: First and second light-transmitting membrane dams SDAM1, SDAM2: First and second sub-dams STP1, STP2 First and second stoppers CF1, CF2, CF3 color filters LS_L1_M, LS_L2_M: First and second light-shielding material layers. LLT_M Low-refractive index permeable material layer OLD2_M, OLD3_M: Second and third mediating material layers. PR1, PR2, PR3: First to third photoresists

Claims

1. circuit board and A light-emitting layer disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of light-emitting elements, The light-emitting layer comprises a light-control layer disposed on the light-emitting layer, The aforementioned optical control layer is A first light-shielding layer containing multiple first light-shielding patterns, A low-refractive-transmitting film having a plurality of grooves is disposed on the first light-shielding layer, A second light-shielding layer is disposed on the low-refractive-transmitting film and includes a plurality of second light-shielding patterns, A display device comprising a high-refractive-index transparent film disposed on the second light-shielding layer and including a plurality of lens portions having a recessed shape toward the plurality of grooves.

2. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a first mediating layer containing an inorganic material, disposed between the light-emitting layer and the first light-shielding layer.

3. The first light-transmitting lower film is further disposed between the first light-shielding layer and the low-refractive-reactive film, The display device according to claim 1, wherein the low-refractive-index transparent film and the first light-transmitting lower film contain different materials.

4. The low-refractive-point permeable membrane comprises at least one of an ester compound and a phosphine oxide compound. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the first light-transmitting lower film comprises at least one of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, methacrylate-benzyl methacrylate copolymer, polyfunctional acrylate, and photoinitiator.

5. The present invention further includes a second light-transmitting lower film disposed between the second light-shielding layer and the high-refractive-transmitting film, The display device according to claim 1, wherein the high refractive index transmitting film and the second light-transmitting lower film contain different materials from each other.

6. The high refractive index permeable membrane comprises at least one of an ester compound and a phosphine oxide compound. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the second light-transmitting lower film comprises at least one of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, methacrylate-benzyl methacrylate copolymer, polyfunctional acrylate, and photoinitiator.

7. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the upper surface of the second light-transmitting lower film has a shape that is recessed toward the plurality of grooves.

8. The display device according to claim 5, further comprising a second mediating layer containing an inorganic substance, disposed between the low-refractive-frequency transparent film and the second light-shielding layer.

9. The display device according to claim 8, further comprising a third mediating layer containing an inorganic substance, disposed between the second light-shielding layer and the second light-transmitting lower film.

10. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the lower surface of the second light-transmitting lower film has a conformal shape along the plurality of grooves, the second mediating layer, and the third mediating layer.

11. The display device according to claim 9, wherein the third mediating layer covers the upper and side surfaces of the second light-shielding layer.

12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of lens portions is arranged between the plurality of second light-shielding patterns.

13. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the high-refractive-point permeable film is greater than the refractive index of the low-refractive-point permeable film.

14. The display device according to claim 13, wherein the difference in refractive index between the high-refractive-point transparent film and the low-refractive-point transparent film is 0.1 or more.

15. The refractive index of the aforementioned high-refractive-index permeable film is 1.5 to 1.

8. The display device according to claim 14, wherein the refractive index of the low-refractive-transmitting film is 1.4 to 1.

7.

16. The low-refractive-point permeable membrane includes a plurality of partitions arranged between the plurality of grooves, The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of second light-shielding patterns are each arranged on the plurality of partition walls.

17. The present invention further includes a second light-transmitting lower film disposed between the second light-shielding layer and the high-refractive-transmitting film, The display device according to claim 1, wherein the side surface of the second light-shielding layer is in direct contact with the second light-transmitting lower film.

18. The material further includes a third mediating layer disposed between the second light-shielding layer and the second light-transmitting lower film, The upper surface of the second light-shielding layer is in direct contact with the third mediating layer. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the lower surface of the second light-shielding layer is in direct contact with the low-refractive-frequency transmission film.

19. The display device according to claim 17, wherein one end of each of the plurality of adjacent lens portions and one end of each of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns are located on the same line as each other.

20. The display device according to claim 17, wherein the plurality of lens portions and the plurality of second light-shielding patterns, which are adjacent to each other, overlap each other.

21. The low-refractive-point permeable membrane includes a first low-refractive-point permeable layer and a second low-refractive-point permeable layer disposed on the first low-refractive-point permeable layer. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a third light-shielding layer disposed between the first low-refractive-index transmission layer and the second low-refractive-index transmission layer, and including a plurality of third light-shielding patterns.

22. The display device according to claim 21, wherein the plurality of grooves are located in the second low-refractive-frequency transparent layer.

23. The display device according to claim 21, wherein the width of each of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns is smaller than the width of each of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns.

24. The display device according to claim 23, wherein the width of each of the plurality of third light-shielding patterns is smaller than the width of each of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns and larger than the width of each of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns.

25. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter disposed between the plurality of first light-shielding patterns.

26. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter disposed between the plurality of second light-shielding patterns.

27. At least a portion of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns is positioned shifted in one direction more than at least a portion of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the central portions of at least a portion of the plurality of second light-shielding patterns are offset from the central portions of at least a portion of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns.

28. At least a portion of the plurality of lens portions is positioned shifted in one direction compared to at least a portion of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns. The display device according to claim 27, wherein the central part of at least a portion of the plurality of lens portions is positioned offset from the central part of at least a portion of the plurality of first light-shielding patterns.

29. The plurality of light-emitting elements include a first light-emitting element and a second light-emitting element that emit different colors from each other. The plurality of lens portions include a first lens that overlaps with the first light-emitting element and a second lens that overlaps with the second light-emitting element. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the mean curvature of the first lens and the second lens are different.

30. The steps include forming a first light-shielding layer on the light-emitting layer, The steps include: placing a low-refractive-transmitting material layer on the first light-shielding layer; The steps include forming a second light-shielding layer on the low-refractive-transmitting material layer, The steps include forming a first mediating layer on the second light-shielding layer, The steps include: patterning the low-refractive-permeable material layer using the first mediating layer to form a low-refractive-permeable film; A method for manufacturing a display device, comprising the step of forming a high-refractive-index transparent film on the low-refractive-index transparent film and the second light-shielding layer.

31. The steps include forming a first light-shielding layer on the light-emitting layer, The steps include: placing a low-refractive-to-transmitting material layer on the first light-shielding layer, and placing a second light-shielding material layer on the low-refractive-to-transmitting material layer; The steps include forming a first mediating layer on the second light-shielding material layer, The steps include: patterning the low-refractive-transmitting material layer and the second light-shielding material layer simultaneously using the first mediating layer to form a low-refractive-transmitting film and a second light-shielding layer; A method for manufacturing a display device, comprising the step of forming a high-refractive-index transparent film on the low-refractive-index transparent film and the second light-shielding layer.

32. The car body, including the windshield, The interior space located inside the vehicle body, A dashboard, which is located in the interior space and adjacent to the windshield, Includes a display panel placed on the dashboard, The aforementioned display panel is circuit board and A light-emitting layer disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of light-emitting elements, The light-emitting layer comprises a light-control layer disposed on the light-emitting layer, The aforementioned optical control layer is A first light-shielding layer containing multiple first light-shielding patterns, A low-refractive-transmitting film having a plurality of grooves is disposed on the first light-shielding layer, A second light-shielding layer is disposed on the low-refractive-transmitting film and includes a plurality of second light-shielding patterns, A vehicle comprising a high-refractive-index transmission film disposed on the second light-shielding layer and including a plurality of lens portions having a recessed shape toward the plurality of grooves.

Images