Terminals and base stations

Abstract

Even if the terminal does not have a location measurement function, the timing adjustment values ​​for non-terrestrial networks will be calculated appropriately. [Solution] A terminal comprising a receiving unit that receives the position of a reference point used for calculating a timing adjustment value for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network from a base station, and a control unit that calculates the timing adjustment value based on the orbital information of a relay device in the non-terrestrial network and the position of the reference point, wherein the position of the reference point is set by the center point of the satellite beam on the Earth's surface.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to terminals and base stations in wireless communication systems. [Background technology]

[0002] The 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) is exploring a wireless communication method called 5G or NR (New Radio) (hereinafter referred to as "NR") in order to achieve even greater system capacity, even faster data transmission speeds, and even lower latency in the wireless section. In order to meet the requirements of achieving a throughput of 10 Gbps or more while keeping the latency in the wireless section to less than 1 ms for 5G, various wireless technologies and network architectures are being considered.

[0003] Furthermore, in NR, similar to LTE, Timing Advance (TA) control is performed at the base station to adjust the signal transmission timing of terminals in order to synchronize the timing of receiving uplink signals from multiple terminals (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.213 V16.5.0 (2021-03) [Non-Patent Document 2] 3GPP TS 38.211 V16.5.0 (2021-03) [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] 3GPP is currently considering NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks). TA control, as described above, is also necessary for NTN. Furthermore, to reduce terminal power consumption, consideration is being given to terminals that do not have positioning functions such as GNSS.

[0006] However, NTN's conventional TA control system assumes that the terminal has a location measurement function. Therefore, if the terminal does not have a location measurement function, NTN's TA control system may not be able to function properly.

[0007] This invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to provide a technology that enables the appropriate calculation of timing adjustment values ​​in non-terrestrial networks, even when the terminal does not have a location measurement function. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] According to the disclosed technology, the position of a reference point used to calculate timing adjustment values ​​for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network is received from a base station by a receiving unit, A terminal comprising a control unit that calculates the timing adjustment value based on the trajectory information of a relay device in the non-terrestrial network and the position of the reference point, The position of the aforementioned reference point is provided as a terminal set by the center point of the satellite beam on the Earth's surface. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] The disclosed technology provides a method for appropriately calculating timing adjustment values ​​in non-terrestrial networks, even when the terminal does not have a location measurement function. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] This figure illustrates a wireless communication system in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] This figure shows an example of TA control. [Figure 3] This figure illustrates a wireless communication system in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] This figure illustrates a wireless communication system in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] This figure shows an example of TA control. [Figure 6] This figure shows an example of a Rel-18 reference point. [Figure 7] This is a sequence diagram to illustrate an example of operation. [Figure 8] This is a sequence diagram to illustrate an example of operation. [Figure 9] This is a diagram to explain Case 1. [Figure 10] This is a diagram to explain Case 2. [Figure 11] This figure shows an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] This figure shows an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] This figure shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station 10 or terminal 20 in an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] This is a diagram showing the configuration of the vehicle. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below are examples, and the embodiments to which the present invention is applied are not limited to those described below.

[0012] While the wireless communication system in the embodiment of the present invention is assumed to be an NR or 6G system, the technology of the present invention is not limited to NR or 6G and can be applied to other systems as well.

[0013] Furthermore, this specification uses terms such as PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, RRC, MAC, and DCI, which are used in existing NR or LTE specifications. However, channel names, protocol names, signal names, function names, etc., used in this specification may be referred to by other names.

[0014] (Regarding TA control) First, we will explain TA control using the configuration of a terrestrial wireless communication system including a base station 10 and a terminal 20, as shown in Figure 1, as an example. The base station 10 may be called a gNB and the terminal 20 may be called an UE.

[0015] TA (Timing Advance) control is a control for uplink (UL) transmission from terminal 20, and is performed at a certain time (T) relative to the downlink (DL) frame. TA This control shifts the UL frame by only a certain amount.

[0016] More specifically, if TA control is not performed, the timing of the UL signals received by the base station 10 from the multiple terminals 20 will not be synchronized due to differences in propagation delay between the base station 10 and the multiple terminals 20. Therefore, TA control is performed so that the reception timing at the base station 10 is synchronized for each terminal 20's transmission.

[0017] A specific example will be explained with reference to Figure 2. In Figure 2, for the sake of explanation, one square is assumed to represent one slot, and slot n is shown in shaded form. Also for the sake of explanation, the Round Trip Time (RTT) between base station 10 and terminal 20 is assumed to be 2 slots. (a) and (b) show that the DL transmission signal from base station 10 in slot n arrives at terminal 20 with a delay of 1 slot. As shown in (c) and (d), by terminal 20 performing UL transmission by RTT ahead of the DL reception timing, base station 10 receives the UL transmission from terminal 20 at its own slot n timing. By having each terminal 20 perform this control, base station 10 can receive UL signals from multiple terminals 20 at synchronized timings.

[0018] (Regarding NTN's system configuration and TA control) Figure 3 shows an example of the configuration of the wireless communication system in this embodiment. The wireless communication system in this embodiment is an NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks) system. In this embodiment, "NTN (Non-Terrestrial Networks)" refers to all systems that communicate between terminals and base stations via relay devices in the air (e.g., satellites, airplanes, drones, etc.), and also includes HAPS (High-Altitude Platforms).

[0019] As shown in Figure 3, the wireless communication system in this embodiment comprises a terminal 20 on the ground, a satellite 30 in orbit (which may be an unmanned aircraft of HAPS, etc.), and a base station 10 on the ground. The base station 10 communicates with the satellite 30 via a gateway. The gateway and base station may be collectively referred to as the "base station." Furthermore, if the functions of the base station 10 are installed on the satellite 30, the base station 10 described thereafter may be replaced with the satellite 30.

[0020] Signals transmitted from base station 10 reach satellite 30 and are transmitted from satellite 30 to terminal 20. Signals transmitted from terminal 20 reach satellite 30 and are transmitted from satellite 30 to base station 10. The link between base station 10 and satellite 30 is called a feeder link, and the link between terminal 20 and satellite 30 is called a service link. Base station 10 may also be called a gNB and terminal 20 may be called an UE.

[0021] Base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and communicates wirelessly with terminal 20 via satellite 30. The physical resources of the radio signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain, the time domain may be defined by the number of OFDM symbols, and the frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or resource blocks. In addition, the TTI (Transmission Time Interval) in the time domain may be a slot, or the TTI may be a subframe.

[0022] Base station 10 is capable of performing carrier aggregation, which involves bundling multiple cells (multiple CCs (component carriers)) together to communicate with terminal 20. Carrier aggregation uses one PCell (primary cell) and one or more SCells (secondary cells).

[0023] Base station 10 transmits synchronization signals and system information (such as SIB) to terminal 20. Base station 10 transmits control signals or data to terminal 20 via DL (Downlink) and receives control signals or data from terminal 20 via UL (Uplink). Here, signals transmitted on control channels such as PUCCH and PDCCH are referred to as control signals, and signals transmitted on shared channels such as PUSCH and PDSCH are referred to as data, but this is just one example of terminology.

[0024] Terminal 20 is a communication device equipped with an antenna capable of communicating with satellite 30 and having the function of wirelessly communicating with base station 10 via satellite 30. Terminal 20 receives control signals or data from base station 10 via DL and transmits control signals or data to base station 10 via UL, thereby utilizing various communication services provided by the wireless communication system.

[0025] Terminal 20 can also perform carrier aggregation, which involves bundling multiple cells (multiple CCs (component carriers)) to communicate with base station 10. Carrier aggregation uses one PCell (primary cell) and one or more SCells (secondary cells). In addition, a PUCCH-SCell with a PUCCH may be used.

[0026] The terminal 20 may be equipped with a GNSS positioning function, but in this embodiment, it is assumed that the terminal 20 does not have a GNSS positioning function or does not use such a function. The GNSS positioning function is an example of a position measurement function held by the terminal 20.

[0027] (Regarding TA at NTN) At NTN, Timing Advance (TA) control is also implemented to adjust the transmission timing of terminals in order to synchronize the timing of uplink signal reception from multiple terminals at base station 10.

[0028] In TA control, for example, as described in 4.3.1 of Non-Patent Document 1, terminal 20 sets the uplink frame i corresponding to the downlink frame i to T before the start timing of the downlink frame i. TA It is sent only a few times before. In this embodiment, T TA This is sometimes called "TA". Alternatively, TA can be called the timing adjustment value. Also, N TA , N TA,UE-common , N TA,common Each of these may also be called a timing adjustment value. Terminal 20 transmits a signal at a timing based on the signal reception timing and the timing adjustment value.

[0029] In the NTN according to this embodiment, the TA (Full TA) is as follows:

[0030] Full TA = TA on feeder link + TA on service link The time delay (TA) in the feeder link corresponds to the round-trip delay (RTT) in the feeder link, and as shown in Figure 3, it is 2(T0+T2).

[0031] As shown in Figure 3, T2 is a value that is transparent to the UE and is compensated for by the network. To simplify the gNB implementation, T2 may be a constant. T0 is a value common to all UEs and may be a value that can be broadcast to terminal 20 in, for example, SIB. Note that the reference point (RP) may be on the service link, in which case T0 will be a negative value.

[0032] TA at the service link is a value corresponding to the round-trip delay (RTT) at the service link and is 2T1 as shown in FIG. 3. T1 is a UE-specific value and varies depending on the position of the UE.

[0033] Basically, the terminal 20 calculates its own T from the UE-specific TA (2T1) estimated (calculated) by the terminal 20 itself and the common TA (2T0), for example, by the following formula. TA The following formula is the calculation formula for T assumed in the Rel-17 NTN. TA

[0034] T TA =(N TA +N TA,UE-specific +N TA,common +N TA,offset )×T c The above T c is a predetermined time length. Regarding N TA in the above formula, it is 0 at the time of PRACH transmission, is updated by the TA command in the RAR, and then is updated by the TA command MAC CE. At the first UL transmission after the RAR, N TA =T A [[ID=3,3]]·16·64 / 2 μ and T A (=0,1,2,...,3846) is the value notified by the 12-bit TAC field in the RAR. In other transmissions, N TA_new =N TA,old +(T A -31)·16·64 / 2 μ and T A (=0,1,2,...,63) is notified by the 6-bit TAC field in the TA command MAC CE.

[0035] N TA,UE-specific is the TA estimated by the UE itself to compensate for the service link delay. N TA,common is the common TA controlled by the network and includes any timing offset required in the network. Note that N TA,common ​The value of may be assumed to be 0 (i.e., it may be assumed that the UL frame and DL frame are aligned on satellite 30). TA,offset This is a fixed offset value used to calculate the TA.

[0036] Note N TA,common This is an example of a common timing adjustment value based on the delay that occurs between the relay device (satellite 30) and the base station 10 in a non-terrestrial network.

[0037] In this embodiment, the TA drift rate that occurs as satellite 30 moves is also taken into consideration. That is, as shown in Figure 4, a change occurs in TA as satellite 30 moves (drifts). This change (change per unit time) is called the TA drift rate. There are two types of TA drift rates: the common TA drift rate, which is common to all UEs, and the UE-specific TA drift rate, which is specific to each UE. As shown in Figure 4, if T0 and T1 at time t1 become T0' and T1' at time t2, the common TA drift rate and the UE-specific TA drift rate are as follows.

[0038] Common TA drift rate = (T0'-T0) / (t2-t1) UE-specific TA drift rate = (T1'-T1) / (t2-t1) However, in this embodiment, as will be described later, in the TA calculation, a reference point (Rel-18 RP) is used instead of the position measured by the UE's GNSS positioning function. Therefore, the UE common drift rate may be used instead of the UE-specific TA drift rate.

[0039] The common drift rate for the UE is "(T1'-T1) / (t2-t1)" in Figure 4, where the position of terminal 20 is the position of the reference point (Rel-18 RP).

[0040] (Regarding the estimation of TA commands by base station 10) The base station 10 uses the timing of receiving PRACH transmitted from the terminal 20 to send a TA command (as described above) via RAR (Msg2 or MsgB). TA The base station 10 calculates (estimates) the TA command to be transmitted with the TA command MAC CE using the signal transmitted from the terminal 20.

[0041] For example, as shown in Figure 5, when terminal 20 transmits at the DL reception timing, base station 10 can estimate the RTT as the time from when it transmits the DL signal to terminal 20 until it receives the UL signal transmitted from terminal 20.

[0042] However, in the NTN mechanism of R17, if base station 10 cannot obtain information about TA estimated by terminal 20, base station 10 may not be able to estimate the RTT between base station 10 and terminal 20.

[0043] (Regarding the issues) TA calculations in Rel-17 require assistance from GNSS. Specifically, terminal 20 uses GNSS to obtain its precise position and uses that position to calculate the UE-specific delay between terminal 20 and satellite 30. However, the use of GNSS positioning increases power consumption. Therefore, a terminal 20 without GNSS positioning capabilities has been proposed to reduce power consumption.

[0044] However, terminal 20, which does not have GNSS positioning capabilities, cannot calculate the Terminal Arrangement (TA) using the existing Rel-17 NTN method.

[0045] Specifically, terminal 20, which does not have GNSS positioning capabilities, will use existing methods for N TA,UE-specific It cannot calculate this. As a result, terminal 20 is unable to properly adjust the timing of PRACH and other UL transmission timings.

[0046] Below, we will describe Examples 1 and 2 as specific examples, but before that, we will describe Example 0 as an overview of these two.

[0047] (Example 0) In this embodiment, terminal 20 is assumed not to have GNSS positioning functionality. However, the following may also apply to cases where GNSS positioning functionality is not used. Terminal 20 uses the following formula to perform T TA Calculate.

[0048] T TA =(N TA +N TA,UE-common +N TA,common +N TA,offset )×T c The calculation method for each term in the above formula is as follows:

[0049] N TA,common and N TA,offset Therefore, existing technologies (for example, the Rel-17 method) can be used.

[0050] N TA,UE-common This is a new parameter. In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, a Rel-18 reference point (RP) is introduced, and N TA,UE-common This is defined as the round-trip time (RTT) between satellite 30 and the Rel-18 reference point (RP). All users (UEs) included in one beam are the same N TA,UE-common The Rel-18 reference point may also be called the reference point or reference point. Terminal 20 can determine the location of the Rel-18 reference point without using the GNSS positioning function. In Example 1 described later, N TA,UE-common I will explain the details.

[0051] N TA Regarding this, the TA command in RAR (Msg2 / MsgB) will be enhanced. However, the mechanism from Rel-17 may be reused.

[0052] Specifically, the range of values ​​notified by the RAR TA command is increased. Negative TA values ​​may also be used. In Example 2 described later, N TAI will explain the details.

[0053] Alternatively, for example, the drift rate may be notified from the base station 10 to the terminal 20 in a manner similar to that of Rel-17, and the drift rate may be applied at the terminal 20.

[0054] N TA,common and N TA,UE-common Separate drift rates may be notified and applied. TA,common and N TA,UE-common A common joint drift rate may be notified and applied to both parties.

[0055] (Example 1) Next, Example 1 will be described. In Example 1, N TA,UE-common This will be explained in detail. Figure 7 shows the basic processing flow in Example 1.

[0056] In S101, the base station 10 performs calculations to determine the information to be transmitted in S102. In S102, the base station 10 transmits this information to the terminal 20. In S103, the terminal 20 uses the information received from the base station 10 to determine N TA,UE-common Calculate N. TA,UE-common In some cases, the calculation in S101 may not be performed. Similarly, the calculation in S103 may not be performed. An example of "information" is explained below.

[0057] Embodiment 1 has two options: Option 1 and Option 2. In Option 1, at S102, the base station 10 notifies the terminal 20 of the location of the Rel-18 RP. At S103, the terminal 20 uses the ephemeris (orbital information) of the satellite 30 and the notified location of the Rel-18 RP to determine the N TA,UE-common Calculate.

[0058] For example, terminal 20 calculates the position of satellite 30 from orbital information, calculates the round-trip time (RTT) between satellite 30 and RP from the distance between satellite 30 and RP, and then calculates N from the RTT. TA,UE-common The base station 10 calculates NTA,UE-common The signal transmitted from terminal 10 is received at the timing based on the specified parameters.

[0059] Reference point notifications in S102 may be made through any of the following: SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0060] In Option 2, in S101, base station 10 is N TA,UE-common The N in S101 is calculated and notified to terminal 20 in S102. TA,UE-common The calculation method is the same as the calculation method on terminal 20. Option 2 has the following options 2-1 and 2-2.

[0061] Option 2-1: Base station 10 is N TA,UE-common and N TA,common These will be notified to terminal 20 separately. Note that in Rel-17, N TA,common Since it is stipulated that notification be given, option 2-1 is preferable to option 2-2.

[0062] Option 2-2: N TA,UE-common is N TA,common It is included in the N. TA,common Only this information will be sent to terminal 20.

[0063] In option 2-2, terminal 20 is T in the following formula TA Calculate.

[0064] T TA =(N TA +N TA,common +N TA,offset )×T c Furthermore, as a variation of Example 1, the base station 10 and terminal 20 may support both Option 1 and Option 2. In this case, for example, either Option 1 or Option 2 may be applied depending on the case. The base station 10 may also notify the terminal 20 of which of Option 1 and Option 2 will be applied. The notification may be made using SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0065] Alternatively, the terminal 20 may transmit the supported option to the base station 10 as capability information, thereby enabling the implementation of the option supported by the terminal 20.

[0066] The following provides detailed examples of Option 1 and Option 2 (specifically Option 2-2).

[0067] <Example 1: Detailed example of Option 1> As a detailed example of Option 1, we will describe an example of the content of a notification regarding the location of a Rel-18 RP. For example, any of the following Examples 1 to 4 can be used as the content of the notification regarding the location of a Rel-18 RP.

[0068] Example 1: Base station 10 notifies terminal 20 of the ECEF's location X, Y, Z as the Rel-18 RP's location.

[0069] Example 2: Base station 10 notifies terminal 20 of the relative position of satellite 30 as the position of Rel-18 RP. For example, if the coordinates of satellite 30 are (0,0,0), the base station 10 notifies the Rel-18 RP's position (X,Y,Z) as its relative position.

[0070] Example 3: Base station 10 notifies terminal 20 of the Rel-18 RP's position as (0,0,0) or (X,Y,Z) or (X,Y) relative to (0,0), determined based on an existing model. As an existing model, for example, the WGS84 model may be used, similar to the sidelink zone identifier calculation in 3GPP TS38.331.

[0071] Example 4: Base station 10 notifies terminal 20 of the LLA (latitude, longitude, altitude) as the location of the Rel-18 RP.

[0072] As an alternative, the base station 10 may also notify the terminal 20 of the distance between the position of satellite 30 and the position of Rel-18 RP as information about the position of Rel-18 RP.

[0073] <Example 1: Detailed example of Option 2-2> As mentioned above, T in Option 2-2 of Example 1 TA It is calculated using the following formula.

[0074] T TA =(N TA +N TA,common +N TA,offset )×T c N in Option 2-2 TA,common This is Rel-17's N TA,common Compared to the above, it is enhanced as follows:

[0075] In Rel-17, N TA,common This represents the RTT between the Rel-17 reference point and satellite 30. In Rel-18, the extended N TA,common This is the sum of the RTT between the Rel-17 reference point and satellite 30, and the RTT between satellite 30 and the Rel-18 reference point.

[0076] N in Option 2-2 TA,common This is Rel-17's N TA,common In comparison, it may have a different particle size. N in Option 2-2 TA,common This is Rel-17's N TA,common It may be defined as having a finer granularity or a coarser granularity.

[0077] Also, N in Option 2-2 TA,commonIn Rel-17, N TA,common may be notified from the base station 10 to the terminal 20 by a different signaling method as compared to that. In Option 2-2, N TA,common may be notified by any of SIB, RRC, MAC CE, and DCI.

[0078] In Option 2-2, N TA,common may have a different period as compared to N TA,common in Rel-17. For example, N TA,common in Option 2-2 may be updated / notified at a higher period or a lower period than N TA,common in Rel-17.

[0079] (Regarding the drift rate) In Example 1, the terminal 20 may calculate T TA by applying the drift rate. In Option 1, for example, the base station 10 notifies the terminal 20 of the aforementioned common TA drift rate and UE common drift rate, and the terminal 20 may calculate T TA based on these values. For example, if the correction value by these drift rates is D, the terminal 20 may calculate T TA by the following formula.

[0080] T TA =(N TA +N TA,UE-common +N TA,common +N TA,offset +D)×T c Similarly in Option 2-1, the terminal 20 that has received the notification of D can calculate T TA by the above formula. Regarding D, different drift rates for N TA,common and N[[ID=​​​​​​​​Furthermore, in option 2-1, N is notified from base station 10 to terminal 20. TA,UE-common and N TA,common Each of these may be a value corrected by the drift rate. Also, in option 2-2, N is notified from base station 10 to terminal 20. TA,common However, the value after correction due to the drift rate is also acceptable.

[0082] Next, as specific examples of Example 1, Specific Example 1 and Specific Example 2 will be described.

[0083] (Specific example 1 of Example 1) In specific example 1, the center point of the beam of satellite 30 is used as the reference point, N TA,UE-common The following is calculated. The center point of the satellite 30 beam is the center point of the shape of the beam on the ground surface (e.g., a circle) when the beam transmitted from satellite 30 (e.g., a cone shape as shown in Figure 6) reaches the ground surface. The shape of the beam on the ground surface may also be called the coverage area, cell, service area, etc. Note that for shapes other than those with a clearly defined center point, such as a circle or ellipse (service area), the centroid of that shape may be used as the center point.

[0084] The following explanation will cover the cases where terminal 20 is in the RRC idle / inactive state and the RRC connected state. Options 1 and 2 below correspond to the previously mentioned options 1 and 2.

[0085] <Example 1 of Example 1: In the case of RRC idle / inactive> In Option 1, the base station 10 notifies or broadcasts the location of the reference point to the terminal 20, and the terminal 20, N TA,UE-common Calculate the calculated N TA,UE-common This is used for TA calculation.

[0086] In Option 2, base station 10 is N TA,UE-common Calculate the calculated N TA,UE-commonThe base station 10 notifies or broadcasts the following to terminal 20. Terminal 20 receives the N notified from base station 10. TA,UE-common Calculate TA using the following: Note that in option 2, "N TA,UE-common " means "N" in option 2-2. TA,common This includes ".

[0087] <Example 1 of Example 1: Option 1 when RRC is connected> In the following, a fixed beam is a beam whose coverage area on the ground surface is fixed, while a moving beam is a beam whose coverage area on the ground surface changes.

[0088] If satellite 30's beam is a fixed beam, the reference point's position does not change. Therefore, terminal 20 uses the position acquired when RRC is idle / inactive to perform N TA,UE-common It is possible to calculate this.

[0089] If the beam of satellite 30 is a moving beam, the position of the reference point will also change in accordance with the movement of satellite 30. Therefore, base station 10 needs to broadcast or notify the position of the reference point more frequently (at a higher frequency).

[0090] <Example 1 of Example 1: Option 2 when RRC is connected> If the beam of satellite 30 is a fixed beam, then N will change depending on the movement of satellite 30. TA,UE-common This also changes. Therefore, base station 10 changes more frequently (at a higher frequency), N TA,UE-common It is necessary to broadcast or notify this.

[0091] If the beam of satellite 30 is a moving beam, then N TA,UE-common (N) does not change TA,UE-common The beam moves so that the value does not change. Therefore, terminal 20 uses the N value derived when RRC is idle / inactive.TA,UE-common You can use it.

[0092] From the perspective of reducing signaling overhead, it is preferable to use Option 1 for fixed beams and Option 2 for moving beams.

[0093] (Example 2 of Example 1) In specific example 2, the point that is the shortest distance from satellite 30 to the ground is used as the reference point, N TA,UE-common This is calculated. Below, we will explain the case where terminal 20 is in the RRC idle / inactive state and the case where it is in the RRC connected state separately. Options 1 and 2 below correspond to the previously mentioned options 1 and 2.

[0094] <Example 2 of Example 1: In the case of RRC idle / inactive> In Option 1, the base station 10 notifies or broadcasts the location of the reference point to the terminal 20, and the terminal 20, N TA,UE-common Calculate the calculated N TA,UE-common This is used for TA calculation.

[0095] In Option 2, base station 10 is N TA,UE-common Calculate the calculated N TA,UE-common The base station 10 notifies or broadcasts the following to terminal 20. Terminal 20 receives the N notified from base station 10. TA,UE-common Calculate TA using

[0096] <Specific example 2: When RRC is connected> In Option 1, regardless of whether the satellite 30's beam is a fixed beam or a moving beam, the position of the reference point changes in accordance with the movement of the satellite 30. Therefore, the base station 10 needs to broadcast or notify the position of the reference point more frequently (at a higher frequency).

[0097] In Option 2, whether the beam of satellite 30 is a fixed beam or a moving beam, N TA,UE-common N does not change. TA,UE-common This is the minimum RTT between satellite 30 and the ground surface. Therefore, terminal 20 has the N value derived when RRC is idle / inactive. TA,UE-common You can use it.

[0098] According to the Embodiment 1 described above, even if terminal 20 does not have GNSS positioning capabilities, it is possible to appropriately calculate the timing adjustment value in a non-terrestrial network. In addition to Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 described below can be implemented to perform accurate TA control in various cases, but it is also possible to implement only Embodiment 1 without implementing Embodiment 2. In that case, existing methods can be used as RAR TA commands.

[0099] (Problems with Example 2) Next, we will discuss the challenges related to the RAR TA command in Example 2. Here, we will explain why the RAR TA command needs to be enhanced.

[0100] In the existing technology Rel-17, N TA,UE-specific This indicates the RTT between satellite 30 and terminal 20. On the other hand, in Rel-18, N TA,UE-common This shows the round-trip time (RTT) between satellite 30 and the satellite beam's reference point.

[0101] There is a distance between terminal 20 and the reference point. Therefore, N TA,UE-common is N TA,UE-specific It is not equal to N. Therefore, the RAR TA command is N TA,UE-common and N TA,UE-specific It needs to be enhanced to compensate for the difference.

[0102] Furthermore, there are cases where a negative TA command is necessary. The reasons for this are as follows:

[0103] NTA,UE-common is N TA,UE-specific If it is greater than (this can occur in Case 1, which will be discussed later), N TA,UE-common T is calculated by TA This is the T that terminal 20 actually needs. TA It becomes larger than that. In such cases, the base station 10 needs to notify the terminal 20 of a negative value as a timing adjustment battery.

[0104] Figure 8 shows a basic example of operation in Embodiment 2. In S201, the base station 10 notifies the terminal 20 of information. This information is parameter information such as K and M, which will be described later. Note that the timing of S201 may be after PRACH. Also, S201 may be simultaneous with S203. Furthermore, S201 may not be performed. The information transmitted in S201 may be called auxiliary information.

[0105] In S202, terminal 20 sends PRACH to base station 10. In S203, base station 10 sends RAR to terminal 20.

[0106] Subsequently, for example, terminal 20 uses the information from S201 and the timing adjustment values ​​included in the RAR TA command to calculate the timing adjustment values ​​to be used, and transmits the UL signal at the timing based on the calculated timing adjustment values. Base station 10 receives the signal.

[0107] Example 2 is divided into Example 2-1 and Example 2-2, and each will be described below. Note that Example 2 targets RAR TA commands, but this is just one example. The TA command enhancements described in Example 2 may also be applied to MAC CE TA commands.

[0108] (Example 2-1) In Example 2-1, the T notified by the RAR TA command AThe range of the value is increased. Below, we will explain options 1 and 2 (options 2-1 to 2-6) in Example 2-1. After explaining these options in general, we will explain detailed examples.

[0109] <Example 2-1: Option 1> Option 1 increases the number of bits in the RAR TA command.

[0110] In contrast, the options in Option 2, described below, explain methods that do not modify existing RAR TA commands.

[0111] <Example 2-1: Option 2-1> In option 2-1, N is calculated by the RAR TA command. TA The granularity is increased. This granularity may be predetermined, or it may be communicated from the base station 10 to the terminal 20 via SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI.

[0112] <Example 2-1: Option 2-2> In Option 2-2, the scaling factor (e.g., K) is communicated from base station 10 to terminal 20 via SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI. Enhanced N in this embodiment TA or T A This is the legacy N notified by the RAR TA command. TA or T A This can be calculated by multiplying it by a scaling factor K.

[0113] <Example 2-1: Option 2-3> In Option 2-3, the offset value (e.g., M) is communicated from base station 10 to terminal 20 via SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI. Enhanced N in this embodiment TA or T A This is the legacy N notified by the RAR TA command. TA or T AThis can be calculated by adding it to the offset value M.

[0114] <Example 2-1: Option 2-4> In option 2-4, the offset value M is calculated by X_M × G_M. X_M is a parameter communicated from base station 10 to terminal 20. G_M is the granularity of M, which may be predefined or communicated from base station 10 to terminal 20 via SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI. Enhanced N in this embodiment TA or T A This is the legacy N notified by the RAR TA command. TA or T A This can be calculated by adding it to the offset value M.

[0115] <Example 2-1: Option 2-5> In option 2-5, the offset value M is a1·2 x1 +a2·2 x2 +a3·2 x3 +a4·2 x4 The calculation is performed by +.... {a1 a2 a3 a4....} are parameters notified from base station 10 to terminal 20. {x1 x2 x3 x4....} may be predetermined or notified from base station 10 to terminal 20 by SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI. Enhanced N in this embodiment TA or T A This is the legacy N notified by the RAR TA command. TA or T A This can be calculated by adding it to the offset value M.

[0116] <Example 2-1: Option 2-6> In option 2-6, enhanced T A The LSB of X (e.g., 12) is notified from base station 10 to terminal 20 by an existing RAR TA command, and the enhanced T AThe MSB of Y is notified to the terminal 20 from base station 10 via SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI as a new notification separate from X.

[0117] Alternatively, as a variation, an enhanced T A The MSB of X is notified from base station 10 to terminal 20 by existing RAR TA recommendation, and the enhanced T A The LSB of Y may be notified to the terminal 20 from base station 10 via SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI as a new notification separate from X.

[0118] The following describes specific examples of options 2-1 to 2-6 of Example 2-1.

[0119] <Example 2-1, Option 2-1, Specific Example> In option 2-1, terminal 20 calculates N using the RAR TA command. TA Increase the granularity.

[0120] In Rel-17, N TA =T A ·16·64 / 2 μ And, T A (=0,1,2,...,3846) is indicated by the 12-bit TAC field in RAR. In Rel-18, it is multiplied by n to T. A The granularity can be increased. That is, N TA =T A ·n·16·64 / 2 μ This is the result.

[0121] <Example 2-1, Option 2-2, Specific Examples> Option 2-2 notifies the scaling factor. If the scaling factor is equal to 2, and the RAR TA command notifies T A However, if it is 2000, the enhanced T A is enhanced T A = 2 × T A It is calculated as =4000. Enhanced NTA is, N TA =enhanced T A ·16·64 / 2 μ = 2 × T A ·16·64 / 2 μ It is calculated as follows.

[0122] <Example 2-1, Option 2-3, Specific Examples> In option 2-3, the offset value M is notified. If the offset value M is equal to 300, and T is notified by the RAR TA command, A However, if it is 3846, the enhanced T A is enhanced T A =T A The calculation is performed using +M=4146.

[0123] <Example 2-1, Option 2-4, Specific Examples> In option 2-4, the offset value M is calculated as X_M × G_M. If X_M is equal to 300 and G_M is equal to 10, T is notified by the RAR TA command. A However, if it is 3846, the enhanced T A is enhanced T A =T A The calculation is performed using +X_M × G_M = 6846.

[0124] <Example 2-1, Option 2-5, Specific Examples> In option 2-5, the offset value M is a1·2 x1 +a2·2 x2 +a3·2 x3 +a4·2 x4 It is calculated by +···. If {a1 a2 a3 a4}={0 0 0 1} and {x1 x2 x3 x4}={15 14 13 12}, then the offset M is 0·2 15 +0·2 14 +0·2 13 +1·2 12 It is calculated as enhanced T. A is enhanced T A=(T notified by legacy RAR TAC) A It is calculated as ) + M. In this example, option 2-5 can be considered identical to option 2-6.

[0125] <Example 2-1, Option 2-6, Specific Examples> In option 2-6, enhanced T A The LSB of X is notified from base station 10 to terminal 20 by an existing RAR TA command, and the enhanced T A The MSB of Y is notified to the terminal 20 from base station 10 via SIB, RRC, MAC CE, or DCI as a new notification separate from X.

[0126] If an existing RAR TA command notifies X of a 12-bit value 111111111111 and Y of a 4-bit value 0101, then the enhanced T A The number is 0101111111111111.

[0127] (Example 2-2) Next, Example 2-2 will be described.

[0128] Example 2-2 describes an example of notifying a negative TA value using the RAR TA command. Options 1 to 3 are described below.

[0129] <Example 2-2: Option 1> In Option 1, a 1-bit index value is added to the RAR TA command for TA values ​​that can be either positive or negative (bipolar TA values). In other words, the RAR TA command includes both the TA value and the 1-bit index value. The 1-bit index value indicates whether the TA value notified by the RAR TA command is negative or positive.

[0130] As a variation, the 1-bit index value may be notified from the base station 10 to the terminal 20 via RRC, MAC CE, or DCI, separately from the RAR TA command.

[0131] <Example 2-2: Option 2> In Option 2, to indicate whether TA is positive or negative, the RAR TA command will notify different ranges of values ​​depending on whether it is positive or negative. For example, values ​​in the range from 0 to X indicate a positive TA, and values ​​in the range from X+1 to Y indicate a negative TA.

[0132] For example, if a value K between 0 and X is notified, terminal 20 will set a positive TA as K. If a value K between X+1 and Y is notified, terminal 20 will set a negative TA as XK.

[0133] <Example 2-2: Option 3> As described in Case 2 below, a negative TA in the RAR TA command can be avoided. In Case 2, the RTT between satellite 30 and the reference point is the minimum RTT between satellite 30 and the ground. The RTT between satellite 30 and terminal 20 is greater than the RTT between satellite 30 and the reference point. Therefore, in Case 2, a negative TA can be avoided.

[0134] Below, we will explain Case 1 and Case 2 as specific examples of Example 2. Here, we will calculate how many bits need to be added to the RAR TA command.

[0135] (Example 2, Case 1) In Case 1, as shown in Figure 9, the reference point is the center point of the satellite beam (the center point of the coverage area). We will explain using the GEO satellite, which has the maximum coverage, as an example. The GEO satellite has a coverage of 3500 km and an altitude of 35786 km, and signal propagation is calculated at the speed of light.

[0136] Assuming the satellite is directly above the beam center and terminal 20 is at the beam edge, the maximum number of bits is required for the RAR TA command. In this case, the difference between the distance between satellite 30 and terminal 20 and the distance between satellite 30 and the reference point is 170750m, and the delay time due to this difference is 0.0011s.

[0137] Subcarrier interval is 2 4 When the frequency is 15kHz, the maximum number of bits in a RAR TA command is 16.

[0138] For a moving beam, the distance between satellite 30 and the reference point is the minimum distance, and only positive values ​​are required. Therefore, the RAR TA command has 16 bits. For a fixed beam, the distance between the satellite and the reference point changes, so both negative and positive values ​​are required.

[0139] (Example 2, Case 2) In Case 2, as shown in Figure 10, the reference point is defined as the point where the distance between satellite 30 and the ground is shortest.

[0140] Here, we will again use the GEO satellite, which has the greatest coverage, as an example. The GEO satellite has a coverage of 3500 km and an altitude of 35786 km, and signal propagation is calculated at the speed of light.

[0141] In the case of a fixed beam, if the satellite is directly above the beam center and terminal 20 is at the edge of the beam, the maximum number of bits required for the RAR TA command is obtained. At this time, the difference between the distance between satellite 30 and terminal 20 and the distance between satellite 30 and the reference point is 678,200 m, and the delay time due to this difference is 0.0045 s.

[0142] Subcarrier interval is 2 4 When the frequency is 15kHz, the maximum number of bits in the RAR TA command is 18. For moving beams, the calculation method is the same as in Case 1, and 16 bits are required.

[0143] As described above, Embodiment 2 makes it possible to appropriately calculate timing adjustment values ​​in non-terrestrial networks even when the terminal does not have a location measurement function. Although the above description assumes Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2 may be implemented independently of Embodiment 1.

[0144] (Other examples) Examples common to both Example 1 and Example 2 will be described below.

[0145] Information notified from terminal 20 to base station 10 (UE capability) and information notified from base station 10 to terminal 20 via upper-layer signaling (network-side support information) may be used, or both or just one of them may be used. Examples of information are as follows.

[0146] (1) Information indicating whether or not GNSS positioning functionality is supported. (2) Information indicating whether or not TA without GNSS positioning assistance is supported. (3) N as explained in Example 1 TA,UE-common Information indicating whether or not TA calculations using this method are supported. (4) Enhanced N as described in Option 2-2 of Example 1 TA,common Information indicating whether or not it is supported. (5) Information indicating whether or not the enhanced TA commands in RAR described in Example 2 are supported: Detailed examples of (5) are as follows (a) to (d).

[0147] (a) Information indicating whether or not the RAR TAC supports an increased number of bits. (b) Information indicating whether or not to support the increased particle size of TA notified by the TAC of RAR in Option 1 of Example 2-1 (c) Information indicating whether or not to support new notifications of offset / scaling factors in options 2-2 to 2-6 of Example 2-1. (d) Information indicating whether or not to support negative TAs as notified by RAR's TAC. The functions described in Example 1 and Example 2 may be applied only if the terminal 20 supports the UE apability corresponding to that function (e.g., (1) to (5) above). Alternatively, a function may be applied only if a certain function (e.g., (1) to (5) above) is enabled for the terminal 20 by upper-layer signaling transmitted from the base station 10 to the terminal 20.

[0148] (Device configuration) Next, we will describe an example of the functional configuration of the base station 10 and terminal 20 that perform the processes and operations described above.

[0149] <Base station 10> Figure 11 shows an example of the functional configuration of a base station 10. As shown in Figure 11, the base station 10 has a transmitting unit 110, a receiving unit 120, a setting unit 130, and a control unit 140. The functional configuration shown in Figure 11 is merely an example. The names of the functional categories and functional units can be anything as long as they can perform the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention. Also, the transmitting unit 110 and the receiving unit 120 may be collectively referred to as the communication unit.

[0150] The transmitting unit 110 includes the function of generating a signal to be transmitted to the terminal 20 (satellite 30) and transmitting the signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 120 includes the function of receiving various signals transmitted from the terminal 20 via satellite 30 and obtaining information from the received signals, for example, higher layer information. The transmitting unit 110 also has the function of transmitting NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL control signals, DCI via PDCCH, data via PDSCH, etc. to the terminal 20.

[0151] The setting unit 130 stores pre-configured setting information and various setting information to be transmitted to the terminal 20 in a storage device provided by the setting unit 130, and reads it from the storage device as needed.

[0152] The control unit 140 schedules DL reception or UL transmission of terminal 20 via the transmission unit 110. The signal transmission functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the transmission unit 110, and the signal reception functions of the control unit 140 may be included in the reception unit 120. Alternatively, the transmission unit 110 may be called a transmitter and the reception unit 120 may be called a receiver.

[0153] <Terminal 20> Figure 12 shows an example of the functional configuration of terminal 20. As shown in Figure 12, terminal 20 has a transmitting unit 210, a receiving unit 220, a setting unit 230, and a control unit 240. The functional configuration shown in Figure 12 is merely an example. Any functional classification and name of functional unit is acceptable as long as it can perform the operations according to the embodiment of the present invention. The transmitting unit 210 and the receiving unit 220 may be collectively referred to as the communication unit.

[0154] The transmitting unit 210 creates a transmission signal from the transmission data and transmits the transmission signal wirelessly. The receiving unit 220 wirelessly receives various signals and obtains signals from higher layers from the received physical layer signals. The receiving unit 220 also has the function of receiving NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, DL / UL / SL control signals, DCI via PDCCH, data via PDSCH, etc. transmitted from the base station 10.

[0155] The setting unit 230 stores various setting information received from the base station 10 or other terminals by the receiving unit 220 in a storage device provided in the setting unit 230, and reads it from the storage device as needed. The setting unit 230 also stores pre-set setting information. The control unit 240 controls the terminal 20.

[0156] The terminal and base station in Example 1 may be configured as the terminal and base station shown in the following sections. (Section 1) The receiving unit receives the position of the reference point used to calculate the timing adjustment value for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network from the base station, A control unit that calculates the timing adjustment value based on the trajectory information of the relay device in the non-terrestrial network and the position of the reference point. A terminal equipped with the following features. (Section 2) A receiving unit receives from the base station a timing adjustment value for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network, which is calculated based on the position of a reference point at the base station. A control unit that adjusts the timing of uplink transmission using the aforementioned timing adjustment value. A terminal equipped with the following features. (Section 3) The receiving unit receives the timing adjustment value and a common timing adjustment value based on the delay occurring between the relay device and the base station in the non-terrestrial network from the base station. The terminal described in paragraph 2. (Section 4) The receiving unit receives a value from the base station that includes the timing adjustment value as a common timing adjustment value based on the delay occurring between the relay device and the base station in the non-terrestrial network. The terminal described in paragraph 2. (Section 5) A transmitting unit that transmits to a terminal the position of a reference point used to calculate timing adjustment values ​​for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network, A receiving unit that receives a signal transmitted from the terminal at a timing based on a timing adjustment value calculated using the trajectory information of the relay device in the non-terrestrial network and the position of the reference point. A base station equipped with the necessary equipment. (Section 6) A transmitting unit that transmits timing adjustment values ​​for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network, calculated based on the position of a reference point, to the terminal, A receiving unit that receives a signal transmitted from the terminal at a timing based on the aforementioned timing adjustment value. A base station equipped with the necessary equipment.

[0157] According to any of paragraphs 1 through 6, it becomes possible to appropriately calculate timing adjustment values ​​in non-terrestrial networks even if the terminal does not have a location measurement function. According to paragraph 3, it is possible to transmit both the common timing adjustment values ​​of existing technologies and the timing adjustment values ​​of the embodiment, so rapid implementation is possible. According to paragraph 4, it becomes possible to reduce the amount of signaling.

[0158] The terminal and base station in Example 2 may be configured as the terminal and base station described in the following sections. (Section 1) A base station sends a command to specify a first timing adjustment value, and a receiving unit receives the information. A control unit that uses the aforementioned information and the first timing adjustment value to calculate a second timing adjustment value to be used for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network, A terminal equipped with the following features. (Section 2) The aforementioned information is a scaling factor, and the control unit calculates the second timing adjustment value by multiplying the scaling factor by the first timing adjustment value. The terminal described in paragraph 1. (Section 3) The aforementioned information is an offset value, and the control unit calculates the second timing adjustment value by calculating the sum of the offset value and the first timing adjustment value. The terminal described in paragraph 1. (Section 4) The aforementioned information is auxiliary information for calculating the offset value. The control unit calculates the offset value using the auxiliary information and calculates the second timing adjustment value by calculating the sum of the offset value and the first timing adjustment value. The terminal described in paragraph 1. (Section 5) The control unit calculates the second timing adjustment value by concatenating the bit sequence of the information with the bit sequence of the first timing adjustment value. The terminal described in paragraph 1. (Section 6) A command to specify the first timing adjustment value, and a transmission unit that sends information to the terminal, A receiving unit that receives a signal transmitted from the terminal based on the aforementioned information and a second timing adjustment value for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network, calculated using the first timing adjustment value, A base station equipped with the necessary equipment.

[0159] According to any of paragraphs 1 through 6, it is possible to appropriately calculate the timing adjustment value in a non-terrestrial network even if the terminal does not have a location measurement function. According to paragraphs 2 through 5, the second timing adjustment value can be appropriately calculated.

[0160] (Hardware configuration) The block diagrams (Figures 11-12) used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0161] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, judgment, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0162] For example, the base station 10, terminal 20, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 13 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 10 and terminal 20 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-mentioned base station 10 and terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a storage device 1002, an auxiliary storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0163] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0164] Each function in the base station 10 and terminal 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and storage device 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the storage device 1002 and auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0165] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may consist of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, the control unit 140, control unit 240, etc., described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0166] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, or data from at least one of the auxiliary storage device 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the storage device 1002, and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes a computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 140 of the base station 10 shown in Figure 10 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Also, for example, the control unit 240 of the terminal 20 shown in Figure 11 may be implemented by a control program stored in the storage device 1002 and operated by the processor 1001. Although the above processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may be transmitted from the network via a telecommunications line.

[0167] The storage device 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory), etc. The storage device 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. The storage device 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing a communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0168] The auxiliary storage device 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc, a digital multipurpose disc, a Blu-ray® disc), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The auxiliary storage device 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable medium including at least one of the storage device 1002 and the auxiliary storage device 1003.

[0169] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include high-frequency switches, duplexers, filters, frequency synthesizers, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the transmitting and receiving antennas, amplifier section, transmitting and receiving section, transmission path interface, etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving section may be implemented in a physically or logically separated manner, with a transmitting section and a receiving section.

[0170] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0171] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the storage device 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0172] Further, the base station 10 and the terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc., and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0173] Also, the terminal 20 or the base station 10 may be provided in the vehicle 1. A configuration example of the vehicle 1 is shown in FIG. 14.

[0174] As shown in FIG. 14, the vehicle 1 includes a driving unit 2, a steering unit 3, an accelerator pedal 4, a brake pedal 5, a shift lever 6, left and right front wheels 7, left and right rear wheels 8, an axle 9, an electronic control unit 11, various sensors 21 to 29, an information service unit 12, and a communication module 13.

[0175] The driving unit 2 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 3 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handwheel), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on an operation of the steering wheel operated by a user. <​​​​​​As signals from various sensors 21 to 28, there are a current signal from a current sensor 21 that senses the current of the motor, a rotational speed signal of the front or rear wheels acquired by a rotational speed sensor 22, an air pressure signal of the front or rear wheels acquired by an air pressure sensor 23, a vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 24, an acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 25, a depression amount signal of an accelerator pedal acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 29, a depression amount signal of a brake pedal acquired by a brake pedal sensor 26, an operation signal of a shift lever acquired by a shift lever sensor 27, a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 28, and the like.

[0178] The information service unit 12 is composed of various devices for providing various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, a speaker, a television, and a radio, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 12 provides various multimedia information and multimedia services to the passengers of the vehicle 1 by using the information acquired from an external device via a communication module 13 or the like.

[0179] The driving support system unit 30 is composed of various devices for providing functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving load of the driver, such as a millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, an AI processor, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. Further, the driving support system unit 30 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 13 and realizes a driving support function or an autonomous driving function.

[0180] The communication module 13 can communicate with the microprocessor 31 and components of the vehicle 1 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 13 sends and receives data via its communication port 33 between the drive unit 2, steering unit 3, accelerator pedal 4, brake pedal 5, shift lever 6, left and right front wheels 7, left and right rear wheels 8, axle 9, the microprocessor 31 and memory (ROM, RAM) 32 in the electronic control unit 11, and sensors 21-28 provided in the vehicle 1.

[0181] The communication module 13 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 31 of the electronic control unit 11 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information with external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 13 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 11. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0182] The communication module 13 transmits current signals from current sensors input to the electronic control unit 11 to an external device via wireless communication. The communication module 13 also transmits, via wireless communication, other signals input to the electronic control unit 11, including front and rear wheel rotation speed signals obtained by the rotation speed sensor 22, front and rear wheel air pressure signals obtained by the air pressure sensor 23, vehicle speed signals obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 24, acceleration signals obtained by the acceleration sensor 25, accelerator pedal depression signals obtained by the accelerator pedal sensor 29, brake pedal depression signals obtained by the brake pedal sensor 26, shift lever operation signals obtained by the shift lever sensor 27, and detection signals obtained by the object detection sensor 28 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0183] The communication module 13 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 12 installed in the vehicle. The communication module 13 also stores the various information received from the external device in a memory 32 that can be used by the microprocessor 31. Based on the information stored in the memory 32, the microprocessor 31 may control the drive unit 2, steering unit 3, accelerator pedal 4, brake pedal 5, shift lever 6, left and right front wheels 7, left and right rear wheels 8, axle 9, sensors 21-28, etc., installed in the vehicle 1.

[0184] The communication module 13 may be the terminal 20 or base station 10 described in this embodiment.

[0185] (Supplement to the embodiment) While embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the disclosed invention is not limited to such embodiments, and those skilled in the art will understand various modifications, alterations, alternatives, substitutions, etc. Specific numerical examples have been used to facilitate understanding of the invention, but unless otherwise specified, these numerical values ​​are merely examples, and any appropriate values ​​may be used. The division of items in the above description is not essential to the present invention, and matters described in two or more items may be combined as needed, and matters described in one item may be applied to matters described in another item (as long as they do not contradict each other). The boundaries of functional units or processing units in the functional block diagram do not necessarily correspond to the boundaries of physical parts. The operation of multiple functional units may be physically performed by one part, or the operation of one functional unit may be physically performed by multiple parts. Regarding the processing procedures described in the embodiments, the order of processing may be changed as long as it does not contradict each other. For the convenience of explaining the processing, the base station 10 and terminal 20 have been described using functional block diagrams, but such devices may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. The software operated by the processor of the base station 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention and the software operated by the processor of the terminal 20 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), EPROM, EEPROM, registers, hard disk (HDD), removable disk, CD-ROM, database, server, or any other suitable storage medium.

[0186] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the embodiments / models described herein and may be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information), UCI (Uplink Control Information)), upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, MAC (Medium Access Control) signaling, broadcast information (MIB (Master Information Block), SIB (System Information Block))), other signals, or combinations thereof. Also, RRC signaling may be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0187] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure includes LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-A (LTE-Advanced), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), and IEEE This may apply to at least one system utilizing 802.20, UWB (Ultra-WideBand), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate systems, and to next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon. It may also apply to a combination of multiple systems (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0188] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described herein may be reordered, provided they are consistent with each other. For example, the methods described herein present various step elements in an exemplary order and are not limited to that specific order.

[0189] In this specification, specific operations performed by the base station 10 may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station 10, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with the terminal 20 can be performed by the base station 10 and at least one of the other network nodes (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station 10, the other network node may be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0190] The information or signals described in this disclosure may be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). They may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0191] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to other devices.

[0192] The determination in this disclosure may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0193] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0194] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0195] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0196] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0197] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0198] Also, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be represented using absolute values, relative values from a predetermined value, or another corresponding information. For example, the radio resources may be indicated by an index.

[0199] The names used for the above-described parameters are not limiting names in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical formulas, etc. using these parameters may be different from those explicitly disclosed in the present disclosure. Since various channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable names, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any way.

[0200] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS: Base Station)", "radio base station", "base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point", "transmission point", "reception point", "transmission / reception point", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", "component carrier", etc. may be used interchangeably. The base station may also be called by terms such as macro cell, small cell, femto cell, pico cell, etc.

[0201] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station accommodates multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head (RRH)). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0202] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0203] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0204] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operation. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0205] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals 20 (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device), V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the terminals 20 may have the functions that the base station 10 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as side channel.

[0206] Similarly, the term "terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station may be configured to have the same functions as the terminal described above.

[0207] As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiry (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining. “Determining” may also include, for example, receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering something as having been "judged" or "decided" after some action. Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0208] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variation thereof, mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0209] The reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0210] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0211] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0212] In the configuration of each of the above devices, "means" may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0213] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0214] A wireless frame may consist of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of these frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0215] Numerical logic may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. Numerical logic may include, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0216] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols, SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) symbols, etc.). A slot may also be a time unit based on neurology.

[0217] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0218] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Different names may be used for each of these terms.

[0219] For example, one subframe may be called a Transmission Time Interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0220] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each terminal 20 to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each terminal 20) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0221] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Given a TTI, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) to which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0222] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0223] A TTI with a time length of 1ms may also be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0224] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0225] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0226] Furthermore, the time domain of RB may contain one or more symbols and may be the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0227] One or more RBs may also be called a Physical RB (PRB), Sub-Carrier Group (SCG), Resource Element Group (REG), PRB pair, RB pair, etc.

[0228] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0229] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a particular neurology system in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. A Bandwidth Part (PRB) may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0230] A BWP may include BWPs for UL (UL BWP) and BWPs for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0231] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will send or receive a given signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0232] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0233] In this disclosure, if articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0234] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0235] Each aspect / embodiment described herein may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during implementation. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., notification that "X is") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (e.g., by not providing such notification).

[0236] In this disclosure, SS block or CSI-RS is an example of a synchronization signal or reference signal.

[0237] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way. [Explanation of symbols]

[0238] 10 base station 110 Transmitter 120 Receiver 130 Setting section 140 Control Unit 20 devices 30 satellites 210 Transmitter 220 Receiver 221 Passive Receiver 230 Setting section 240 Control Unit 1001 Processor 1002 Storage device 1003 Auxiliary storage device 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device

Claims

1. The receiving unit receives the position of the reference point used to calculate the timing adjustment value for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network from the base station, A terminal comprising a control unit that calculates the timing adjustment value based on the trajectory information of a relay device in the non-terrestrial network and the position of the reference point, The position of the aforementioned reference point is determined by the center point of the satellite beam on the Earth's surface. Terminal.

2. A receiving unit receives from the base station a timing adjustment value for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network, which is calculated based on the position of a reference point at the base station. A terminal comprising a control unit that adjusts the timing of uplink transmission using the aforementioned timing adjustment value, The position of the aforementioned reference point is determined by the center point of the satellite beam on the Earth's surface. Terminal.

3. The receiving unit receives the timing adjustment value and a common timing adjustment value based on the delay occurring between the relay device and the base station in the non-terrestrial network from the base station. The terminal according to claim 2.

4. The receiving unit receives a value from the base station that includes the timing adjustment value as a common timing adjustment value based on the delay occurring between the relay device and the base station in the non-terrestrial network. The terminal according to claim 2.

5. A transmitting unit that transmits to a terminal the position of a reference point used to calculate timing adjustment values ​​for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network, A base station comprising a receiving unit that receives a signal transmitted from the terminal at a timing based on a timing adjustment value calculated using the orbital information of a relay device in the non-terrestrial network and the position of the reference point, The position of the aforementioned reference point is determined by the center point of the satellite beam on the Earth's surface. Base station.

6. A transmitting unit that transmits timing adjustment values ​​for uplink transmission in a non-terrestrial network, calculated based on the position of a reference point, to the terminal, A receiving unit that receives a signal transmitted from the terminal at a timing based on the aforementioned timing adjustment value. A base station equipped with, The position of the aforementioned reference point is determined by the center point of the satellite beam on the Earth's surface. Base station.

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