Shelter's refuge ladder

Abstract

To provide a shelter escape ladder that allows for safe and rapid evacuation when seeking shelter, and offers excellent space utilization efficiency. [Solution] The escape ladder 1 is located inside the room 100a of the shelter housing 100 and has a sliding part 10, a ladder body part 20, a stopping part 30, and a rotary damper 50 (rotation load part). When the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the ladder body part 20 is in a position perpendicular to the floor 110. Also, when the door body 150 is rotated in the direction that opens the opening 140 by operating the power cylinder 40, the stopping part 30 contacts a protruding part 125 provided on the side wall 120, thereby preventing the door body 150 from opening. On the other hand, the ladder body part 20 is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the floor 110, and its tip 21 is close to the floor 110. In other words, as soon as the door body 150 opens the opening 140, it becomes possible to evacuate into the room 100a using the escape ladder 1.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an evacuation ladder for a shelter that can be arranged in synchronization with the opening of a single-opening door body and can suppress the rotation of the door body simultaneously with the arrangement.

Background Art

[0002] In the Great East Japan Earthquake, many people's lives were taken by the huge tsunami. In order to protect oneself from such a huge tsunami, it has become one of the effective disaster prevention measures to quickly evacuate to a high place before the tsunami hits. However, in the case of the occurrence of the triple-linked earthquake in the Tokai, Southeast Sea, and Nankai regions, it is predicted that there will be areas where a tsunami with a height of 30 m will hit within just 5 minutes after the earthquake occurs. Evacuating to a high place within such a short time is extremely difficult for small children, the elderly, and disabled people. Currently, even if evacuating to an evacuation building, it is difficult to even climb high stairs.

[0003] As a countermeasure when damage from a tsunami or tsunami fire is predicted, it is also conceivable to evacuate to an underground shelter or semi-underground shelter installed close to a residence such as one's own garden. By quickly evacuating to an underground shelter or semi-underground shelter when an earthquake occurs and escaping after the tsunami has passed, people can be protected from tsunami disasters.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, doors for underground and semi-underground shelters must be robust to withstand the force of tsunami waves and the impact of floating debris. Therefore, opening and closing the doors requires considerable effort. In particular, single-leaf doors installed on the ceiling of shelters are required to remain open during evacuation, but strong winds or earthquakes may make it difficult to maintain this open state. Furthermore, it becomes necessary to use ladders or stairs to escape through the opening. For example, when using a ladder, it is necessary to set it up in the opening in a short amount of time. Also, installing stairs reduces the efficiency of space utilization.

[0006] This invention addresses these problems and provides an escape ladder for shelters that allows for safe and rapid evacuation and offers excellent space utilization efficiency.

[0007] The invention for solving the above problems is an escape ladder for a shelter, comprising: a sliding part rotatably connected to a door body; a ladder body rotatably connected to the sliding part; and a restraining part, one end of which is rotatably connected to the side wall of the shelter housing and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the end of the ladder body, wherein the door body is a single-opening door structure that opens and closes an opening provided in the ceiling of the shelter housing, and the restraining part is characterized in that it restrains the rotation of the door body in the direction of opening the opening by contacting a protruding part provided on the side wall.

[0008] This configuration allows for the installation of an escape ladder for evacuating to the shelter simultaneously with the opening of the door. Furthermore, the stopping mechanism contacts a protruding part provided on the side wall, thereby preventing rotation of the door body in the direction of opening the opening. This allows the door body to be kept open at a predetermined position without the use of any special device.

[0009] Preferably, when the restraining part prevents the rotation of the door body, the center of gravity of the door body is characterized in that it faces the opening with respect to the rotation axis of the door body.

[0010] In this configuration, when the door body is in the open position and its rotation is stopped by the retaining mechanism, the center of gravity of the door body faces the opening across the rotation axis of the door body. Therefore, the door body is constantly in a state of trying to rotate in the direction that opens the opening. As a result, the door body can stably maintain the open position of the opening.

[0011] Preferably, the device is characterized by comprising a rotation load unit for applying a load to the rotation of the restraining unit.

[0012] This configuration includes a rotation load unit for applying a load to the rotation of the restraining unit, thereby suppressing irregular displacement of the ladder body.

[0013] Preferably, when the sliding of the sliding part and the ladder body is restrained, the rotation load part is characterized by allowing the rotation of the restraining part.

[0014] With this configuration, when the sliding of the sliding part and the ladder body is suppressed, the rotation load part allows the rotation of the restraining part, so that the start time of rotation of the restraining part can be determined uniquely and stably.

[0015] Preferably, the restraining portion is characterized by having a fitting portion that fits into a recess provided in the protruding portion, and a bent portion that bends from the end of the fitting portion toward the floor of the shelter housing.

[0016] The restraining part has a fitting part that fits into a recess provided on the protruding part, so the displacement of the restraining part can be restrained by the protruding part fitting into the recess. Furthermore, since it has a bent part that bends from the end of the fitting part toward the floor of the shelter housing, the inclination angle of the ladder body can be appropriately set by appropriately selecting the angle between the bent part and the fitting part, and the length of the bent part. For example, the inclination angle of the ladder body can be set to an angle that makes it easy for evacuees to evacuate.

[0017] Preferably, the recess is characterized by extending in the direction in which the protruding portion protrudes.

[0018] According to this configuration, since the concave portion extends in the direction in which the protruding portion protrudes, when an evacuee evacuates using the shelter evacuation ladder, lateral movement of the ladder main body can be suppressed.

[0019] Preferably, when the door body closes the opening, the ladder main body is characterized by being in a state perpendicular to the floor.

[0020] According to this configuration, when the door body closes the opening, the ladder main body is in a state perpendicular to the floor, so that the effective use of the space inside the shelter can be achieved.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] [Figure 1] (a) is a side view of the state where the door body has released the opening. (b) is a front view of the state where the door body has opened the opening. (c) is a front view of the state where the door body has closed the opening. [Figure 2] It is a partial perspective view explaining the relationship between the slide portion and the ladder main body portion. [Figure 3] It is a partial perspective view of the protruding portion.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0022] Hereinafter, embodiments of the shelter evacuation ladder 1 of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as the evacuation ladder 1) will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.

[0023] As shown in FIGS. 1(a), 1(b), and 1(c), the evacuation ladder 1 is disposed in the interior 100a of the shelter housing 100 and has a slide portion 10, a ladder main body portion 20, a restraining portion 30, and a rotary damper 50 (rotating load portion). When the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the ladder main body portion 20 is in a state perpendicular to the floor 110. Also, when the power cylinder 40 is operated to rotate the door body 150 in the direction in which the opening 140 is opened, the restraining portion 30 contacts the protruding portion 125 provided on the side wall 120. Thereby, the opening of the door body 150 is suppressed. On the other hand, the ladder main body portion 20 inclines at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the floor 110, and the tip 21 approaches the floor 110. That is, simultaneously with the opening of the door body 150 by the opening 140, a state is reached in which evacuation to the interior 100a can be performed using the evacuation ladder 1.

[0024] The shelter housing 100 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped housing having a floor 110, side walls 120, and a ceiling 130. It is a housing that constitutes a so-called underground shelter in which almost all parts are buried underground. The form of the shelter is not limited to this, and it may be a semi-underground shelter in which approximately half of the shelter is buried underground.

[0025] The floor 110, side walls 120, and ceiling 130 are made of reinforced concrete, and in the present embodiment, the structural thickness is exemplified as 30 cm. The thickness of the floor 110, side walls 120, and ceiling 130 is preferably at least 20 cm or more, and more preferably 50 cm or more. The structural thickness may be appropriately determined in consideration of the radiation shielding performance considered necessary for safe evacuation in the event of being affected by a nuclear or tsunami, and the external force applied to the shelter housing 100.

[0026] The ceiling 130 is provided with an opening 140, and the opening 140 is opened and closed by the rotation of a single-opening door body 150. The size of the opening 140 is preferably set to a size that allows evacuation to the interior 100a using the evacuation ladder 1. The widths of the opening 140 in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 preferably ensure a width that allows easy evacuation at least when evacuees evacuate along the ladder main body portion 20.

[0027] The single-leaf door body 150 is rotatably connected to the ceiling 130 via a door hinge 151. The lower surface 150L of the door body 150 is rotatably connected to the piston portion 41 of a power cylinder 40. The main body of the power cylinder 40 is rotatably connected to the side wall 120. By operating the power cylinder 40 and extending the piston portion 41, the door body 150 rotates around the door hinge 151 in the direction from the floor 110 to the ceiling 130. Conversely, by shortening the piston portion 41, the door body 150 rotates around the door hinge 151 in the direction from the ceiling 130 to the floor 110. The door rotation axis R1 of the door body 150 is the central axis when the door body 150 rotates, and in this embodiment, it is set to be parallel to the second direction D2 in a plan view.

[0028] The opening 140 is a rectangular hole in plan view. The end facing surface 145, which is opposite the rotating end 155 of the door body 150, is inclined. This inclination is to prevent the rotating end 155 of the door body 150 from interfering with the end facing surface 145 when the door body 150 rotates. The other three surfaces, excluding the end facing surface 145, are not inclined and are vertical.

[0029] The sliding section 10 is rotatably connected to the door body 150 at its tip via a sliding section hinge 12. It is also slidably connected when inserted into the ladder body 20.

[0030] The ladder body 20 is slidably connected to the sliding section 10, and its tip 21 is rotatably connected to the tip 35a of the restraining section 30 via a tip hinge 22. When the opening 140 is closed by the door body 150, the ladder body 20 is perpendicular to the floor 110. It is also positioned parallel to the side wall 120 on which the protruding section 125 is provided.

[0031] The restraining portion 30 has a fitting portion 31 and a bent portion 35. The fitting portion 31 is rotatably connected to the side wall 120 via a rotary damper 50. The bent portion 35 is bent from the end of the fitting portion 31 toward the floor 110, and its tip 35a is rotatably connected to the tip 21 of the ladder body portion 20.

[0032] As shown in Figure 2, the main body of the ladder 20 has a typical ladder structure in which the rungs 23 are held in place by the support columns 22. The support columns 22 are roughly rectangular cylindrical members with slits S on the surface opposite to the surface to which the rungs 23 connect, and a stopper 25 is attached to the end closest to the door body 150. The stopper 25 partially blocks the slits S.

[0033] The sliding section 10 is a rectangular tubular member, part of which is inserted into the ladder body 20. A first protrusion 11 is attached to the end closest to the door body 150, and a second protrusion 12 is attached at a position overlapping with the support column 22. The first protrusion 11 and the second protrusion 12 are positioned opposite each other with a stopper 25 in between.

[0034] The load applied by the rotary damper 50 to prevent the rotation of the restraining part 30 is set to be larger than the force required to displace the sliding part 10 and the ladder body 20. As the door body 150 rotates, the movement displacement of the sliding part 10 and the rotation displacement of the restraining part 30 may occur simultaneously or irregularly, but by setting the braking force of the rotary damper 50 as described above, their behavior can be uniquely determined. Specifically, the movement displacement of the sliding part 10 and the ladder body 20 is prevented when the first protrusion 11 or the second protrusion 12 attached to the sliding part 10 comes into contact with the stopper 25 attached to the ladder body 20, after which the restraining part 30 rotates.

[0035] The protruding portion 125 is a horizontal beam that protrudes from the side wall 120 in a direction parallel to the floor 110, and has a recess 126 on its lower surface 125a that can be fitted with the fitting portion 31 (see Figure 3). The recess 126 extends in the direction in which the fitting portion 31 extends. It is preferable to provide shelves (not shown) above and below the protruding portion 125 for storing emergency food and first-aid supplies. This allows for efficient use of the space inside the room 100a.

[0036] Referring to Figure 1, the behavior of the escape ladder 1 will be explained. When the door body 150 closes the opening 140, the ladder body 20 is perpendicular to the floor 110. Also, the first protrusion 11 is in contact with the stopper 25. This prevents the sliding part 10 from moving in the direction of the floor 110.

[0037] The power cylinder 40 is operated to rotate the door body 150 in the direction that opens the opening 140. As the door body 150 rotates, the sliding part 10 moves and displaces inside the support column 22 toward the door body 150. Meanwhile, the stopping part 30 is prevented from rotating by the rotary damper 50 and remains stationary.

[0038] As the door body 150 rotates, the sliding part 10 moves in the direction of the door body 150, and the second protrusion 12 comes into contact with the stopper 25. This prevents the sliding part 10 from moving in the direction of the door body 150. As the door body 150 rotates further, the restraining part 30 begins to rotate in the direction of the protruding part 125.

[0039] When the fitting portion 31 engages with the recess 126, the rotation of the door body 150 is stopped. When the fitting portion 31 engages with the recess 126, the restraining portion 30 is firmly connected to the protruding portion 125. As a result, the tip 21 of the ladder body portion 20 connected to the restraining portion 30 can maintain a stationary position without lateral movement.

[0040] When the fitting portion 31 engages with the recess 126, stopping the rotation of the door body 150, the center of gravity G of the door body 150 is positioned opposite the opening 140 across the rotation axis of the door body 150. In other words, a moment acts on the door body 150 in the direction of opening the opening 140, causing it to attempt to rotate in that direction, but this rotation is stopped when the fitting portion 31 engages with the recess 126. That is, under certain conditions, it is possible to prevent the door body 150 from closing the opening 140 due to an external force acting unexpectedly for some reason.

[0041] When the fitting portion 31 is fitted into the recess 126, one end of the ladder body 20 is connected to the door body 150 via the sliding portion 10, and the other end is connected to the side wall 120 via the restraining portion 30. In other words, both ends of the ladder body 20 are supported by some means, so that the swaying of the ladder body 20 itself is suppressed. As a result, evacuees can safely ascend and descend using the ladder body 20.

[0042] When the power cylinder 40 is operated to rotate the door body 150 and close the opening 140, the sliding part 10 moves toward the floor 110 as the door body 150 rotates. Meanwhile, the stopping part 30 is prevented from rotating by the rotary damper 50, and the fitting part 31 maintains a state in which it is fitted into the recess 126.

[0043] As the door body 150 rotates further, the sliding part 10 moves toward the floor 110, and the first protrusion 11 comes into contact with the stopper 25. This prevents the sliding part 10 from moving toward the floor 110. As the rotation continues, the engagement between the fitting part 31 and the recess 126 is released, and the restraining part 30 begins to rotate toward the floor 110.

[0044] When the door body 150 is rotated further to close the opening 140, the ladder body 20 stops in a position perpendicular to the floor 110.

[0045] This embodiment is illustrative and can be modified without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. For example, the rotating load section may be a cylinder damper. In this case, one end of the cylinder damper may be rotatably connected to the side wall 120 and the other end to the restraining section 30. [Industrial applicability]

[0046] The escape ladder according to the present invention facilitates safe evacuation and can greatly contribute to the widespread adoption of underground shelters, thus demonstrating great industrial potential. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0047] 1:Evacuation ladder 10: Slide section 20:Ladder body part 21: Tip 25: Stopper 30: Stopping part 31: Fitting part 35: Bent section 50: Rotary damper (rotating load section) 100: Shelter enclosure 110: Floor 120: Side wall 125: Protruding section 126: Recess 130: Ceiling 140: Opening 150: Door Body R1: Rotation center axis G: Center of gravity

Claims

1. A sliding part that is rotatably connected to the door body, A ladder body that is slidably connected to the aforementioned sliding part, It comprises a restraining part, one end of which is rotatably connected to the side wall of the shelter housing and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the end of the ladder body, The aforementioned door is a single-leaf door structure that opens and closes an opening provided in the ceiling of the shelter enclosure. The escape ladder for a shelter is characterized in that the restraining part contacts a protruding part provided on the side wall, thereby preventing the door body from rotating in the direction that opens the opening.

2. The escape ladder for a shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that when the restraining part restrains the rotation of the door body, the center of gravity of the door body faces the opening across the rotation axis of the door body.

3. The escape ladder for a shelter according to claim 1, further comprising a rotation load unit for applying a load to the rotation of the aforementioned restraining unit.

4. The escape ladder for a shelter according to claim 3, characterized in that when the sliding of the sliding part and the ladder body is suppressed, the rotation load part allows the rotation of the restraining part.

5. The escape ladder for a shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that the restraining portion has a fitting portion that fits into a recess provided in the protruding portion, and a bent portion that bends from the end of the fitting portion toward the floor of the shelter housing.

6. The escape ladder for a shelter according to claim 5, characterized in that the recess extends in the direction in which the protruding portion protrudes.

7. The escape ladder for a shelter according to claim 5, characterized in that when the door body closes the opening, the ladder body is in a position perpendicular to the floor.

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