Magnetic rotating devices, electric motors, generators, and motor-generators

Abstract

We provide a magnetic rotation device that achieves high torque and high output even at low rotational speeds. [Solution] The magnetic rotation device 1 comprises a rotor 12 in which a group of permanent magnets 32, each consisting of multiple permanent magnets 31 arranged in the circumferential direction, is arranged at a predetermined distance in the direction of rotation, and a stator 13 having multiple electromagnets 41 arranged radially outward from each of the two groups of permanent magnets 32, and spaced apart in the circumferential direction. Adjacent permanent magnets 31 in the circumferential direction have the same magnetic poles facing each other, and in a pair of groups of permanent magnets 32, the magnetic poles of two adjacent permanent magnets 31 in the direction of rotation are different. One of the two electromagnets 41 adjacent in the direction of rotation has a winding wound on the first leg of an iron core 42 having a first leg, a second leg and a connecting part, and the other has a winding wound on the second leg, and the windings of each are wound in the same direction. The predetermined distance is greater than or equal to the length of the permanent magnet 31 in the direction of rotation, and the number of electromagnets 41 is 1.5 times the number of permanent magnets.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a magnetic force rotating device, a motor, a generator, and a motor generator.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, there is known a magnetic force rotating device including a stator in which a plurality of iron cores around which windings are wound are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction, and a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction and rotates in a state facing the stator.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a magnetic force rotating device in which various pulse currents are passed through the windings of an electromagnet when a rotating body is in regions of various rotational positions so that a repulsive force is generated between the permanent magnet of the rotor and the electromagnet of the stator. The magnetic force rotating device described in Patent Document 1 is said to be suitable for high-speed rotation and capable of obtaining a high electromagnetic torque. [[ID=I8]]

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses a magnetic force rotating device including a rotor in which a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in the circumferential direction and a stator in which a plurality of electromagnets are arranged in the circumferential direction, intermittently energizing the electromagnets, and rotating the rotor by the attractive force and repulsive force between the permanent magnet and the electromagnet. In Patent Document 2, it is disclosed that the detent torque (cogging torque) is reduced by making the number of permanent magnets and the number of electromagnets different from each other.

[0005] Patent Document 3 discloses a unidirectional energization type brushless DC motor provided with an AC voltage output winding that directly generates electricity by the rotation of a rotating body while rotating the rotating body to function as a motor.

[0006] Such magnetic rotation devices can be used to construct electric motors or generators. For example, they can be operated as electric motors by generating rotational torque through the attraction or repulsion between the magnetic field of the iron core, which is created by the current flowing through the windings, and the permanent magnets. Alternatively, they can be operated as generators by rotating the rotor with an external rotational force, causing a change in the magnetic flux in the iron core due to the rotation of the permanent magnets, and extracting current from the windings.

[0007] Furthermore, it is possible to construct a motor-generator by forming an electric motor and a generator coaxially using a magnetic rotation device. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-187080 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-118705 [Patent Document 3] WO2009 / 060544 publication [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0009] However, the magnetic rotation devices disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and the brushless DC motor disclosed in Patent Document 3, have room for improvement in terms of torque and output at low rotational speeds.

[0010] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a magnetic rotation device that can improve torque and output at low rotational speeds, as well as an electric motor, generator, and motor-generator equipped with such a magnetic rotation device. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] A magnetic rotation device in one embodiment is A rotor in which groups of permanent magnets, each consisting of multiple permanent magnets spaced apart in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis of rotation, are arranged in pairs at a predetermined distance in the direction of the axis of rotation, A stator having a plurality of electromagnets arranged radially outward from each of the two pairs of permanent magnet groups, and spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, Equipped with, Two adjacent permanent magnets in the circumferential direction are arranged such that the same magnetic poles face each other in the circumferential direction. The group of permanent magnets arranged in pairs is configured such that the magnetic poles of two adjacent permanent magnets in the direction of the rotation axis are different. Of the multiple electromagnets, one of the two electromagnets arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of the rotation axis has a configuration in which a winding is wound around the first leg of an iron core having a first leg, a second leg, and a connecting portion connecting the first leg and the second leg, and the other has a configuration in which a winding is wound around the second leg, and the winding wound around the first leg and the winding wound around the second leg are wound in the same direction. The predetermined distance is greater than or equal to the length of the permanent magnet in the direction of rotation. The number of permanent magnets (n) constituting one group of permanent magnets is characterized by being 1.5 times the number of electromagnets (m) arranged at positions spaced apart radially outward in relation to one group of permanent magnets.

[0012] The permanent magnet may be rectangular in shape when viewed in the direction of the rotation axis, and the permanent magnet may be arranged such that the centerlines of the opposing poles of the permanent magnet pass through the center of the rotation axis.

[0013] The support member that supports the group of permanent magnets and rotates integrally with the rotating shaft is a non-magnetic material, and the rotating shaft may be a magnetic or non-magnetic material.

[0014] The iron core may be made of silicon steel sheet or Fe-Si amorphous material.

[0015] It is desirable that the predetermined distance be 1.5 times or less the length of the permanent magnet in the direction of the rotation axis.

[0016] The magnetic force rotating device may be an electric motor.

[0017] The magnetic force rotating device may be a generator.

[0018] The electric motor in one embodiment is a first magnetic force rotating device which is any one of the above magnetic force rotating devices, and a second magnetic force rotating device having the same configuration as the first magnetic force rotating device, and is provided with wherein the first magnetic force rotating device and the second magnetic force rotating device are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same rotation axis.

[0019] The generator in one embodiment is a first magnetic force rotating device which is any one of the above magnetic force rotating devices, and a second magnetic force rotating device having the same configuration as the first magnetic force rotating device, and is provided with wherein the first magnetic force rotating device and the second magnetic force rotating device are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same rotation axis.

[0020] An electric motor which is any one of the above magnetic force rotating devices, and a generator which is any one of the above magnetic force rotating devices, and is provided with wherein the electric motor and the generator are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same rotation axis, and electric power generation of the generator is performed by rotation of the electric motor.

Advantages of the Invention

[0021] According to the magnetic rotation device, electric motor, generator, and motor-generator of the present invention, it is possible to realize a magnetic rotation device, electric motor, generator, and motor-generator that can achieve high torque and high output even at low rotational speeds, compared to conventional magnetic rotation devices, electric motors, generators, and motor-generators. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0022] [Figure 1] This is a side cross-sectional view of a magnetic rotation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] Figure 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the magnetic rotation device shown. [Figure 3] This is a magnified view of a portion of Figure 1. [Figure 4] This figure shows a magnified portion of Figure 2. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the arrangement of the iron core and permanent magnets in a magnetic rotation device. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the virtual magnetic poles of a rotor in a magnetic rotation device. [Figure 7] Figures (a) to (c) show examples of how a magnetic rotation device is driven. [Figure 8] Figures (a) to (c) show the time evolution of the voltage waveforms of the A-phase core, B-phase core, and C-phase core when power is applied to the A-phase core, as measured using an oscilloscope. [Figure 9] This figure shows an example of the configuration of an electric motor in a second embodiment, which is equipped with two magnetic rotation devices in the first embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0023] [First Embodiment] Figure 1 shows a side cross-sectional view of the magnetic rotation device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a front cross-sectional view of the magnetic rotation device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figures 3 and 4 are partially enlarged views of the magnetic rotation device 1 shown in Figure 1. Note that the front cross-sectional view shown in Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view obtained by cutting the magnetic rotation device 1 shown in Figure 1 along the line II-II.

[0024] These diagrams are primarily intended to show the arrangement of the rotor 12, stator 13, permanent magnet 31, and iron core 42, which will be described later, and do not accurately represent the mechanical structure or connection relationships of the various components in the magnetic rotation device 1. Various known technologies can be applied to the mechanical structure and other aspects.

[0025] The magnetic rotating device 1 in the first embodiment comprises a rotor 12 that rotates about a rotation axis 11, and a stator 13 that is positioned radially outward of the rotor 12 with respect to the rotation axis 11. The rotation axis 11 is rotatably supported relative to the frame 21 by bearings provided on the frame 21.

[0026] [Rotor] The rotor 12 has a configuration in which a group of permanent magnets 32, consisting of a plurality of permanent magnets 31 arranged circumferentially with respect to the rotation axis 11, is arranged in pairs at a predetermined distance L1 in the direction of the rotation axis. In this specification, the direction of rotation axis means the direction in which the rotation axis 11 extends. As shown in Figure 2, each of the plurality of permanent magnets 31 is arranged such that a north pole and a south pole are formed along the circumferential direction, and in particular, two adjacent permanent magnets 31 in the circumferential direction are arranged so that the same magnetic poles face each other in the circumferential direction.

[0027] Any permanent magnet can be preferably used as the permanent magnet 31, but in this invention, a magnet containing neodymium (or neodymium magnet) as a component is preferably used. The permanent magnet 31 may be nickel-plated to make its surface smooth. In this embodiment, the shape of the permanent magnet 31 as a whole is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the shape when viewed in the direction of the rotation axis is rectangular, and each permanent magnet 31 is arranged such that the centerlines of the opposing magnetic poles pass through the center of the rotation axis 11. Therefore, as shown in Figure 2, the distance between the opposing faces 31m of two adjacent permanent magnets 31 in the circumferential direction is closer when they are located radially inward and farther when they are located radially outward.

[0028] In this embodiment, the number (n) of permanent magnets 31 constituting one permanent magnet group 32 is 8. That is, 8 permanent magnets 31 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. When viewed in the direction of the rotation axis, the angle β1 (see Figure 4) between two adjacent permanent magnets 31 with respect to the center of the rotation axis 11 is 45° (360° / 8). However, the number (n) of permanent magnets 31 constituting one permanent magnet group 32 is not limited to 8.

[0029] In this specification, for the sake of explanation, one of the two pairs of permanent magnet groups 32 arranged together may be referred to as the first permanent magnet group 32, and the other as the second permanent magnet group 32. Of the two pairs of permanent magnet groups 32, the multiple permanent magnets 31 constituting the first permanent magnet group 32 and the multiple permanent magnets 31 constituting the second permanent magnet group 32 are positioned at the same location when viewed in the direction of the rotation axis. That is, when viewed in the direction of the rotation axis, the multiple permanent magnets 31 constituting the first permanent magnet group 32 and the multiple permanent magnets 31 constituting the second permanent magnet group 32 are arranged to overlap. Furthermore, the first permanent magnet group 32 and the second permanent magnet group 32 are arranged such that the magnetic poles of two adjacent permanent magnets 31 in the direction of the rotation axis are different.

[0030] As shown in Figure 3, the "predetermined distance L1" between the first permanent magnet group 32 and the second permanent magnet group 32 is greater than or equal to the length L2 of the permanent magnet 31 in the direction of rotation. If the predetermined distance L1 is short, the magnetic forces of the multiple permanent magnets 31 constituting the first permanent magnet group 32 and the magnetic forces of the multiple permanent magnets 31 constituting the second permanent magnet group 32 interfere with each other, causing a decrease in the performance of the magnetic rotation device 1. However, by setting the predetermined distance L1 to be greater than or equal to the length L2 of the permanent magnet 31 in the direction of rotation, a decrease in performance due to magnetic interference can be prevented.

[0031] Furthermore, if the predetermined distance L1 increases, the magnetic rotation device 1 will become larger. For this reason, from the viewpoint of achieving both performance and a compact size, it is preferable that the predetermined distance L1 between the first permanent magnet group 32 and the second permanent magnet group 32 is, for example, greater than or equal to the length L2 of the permanent magnet 31 in the rotation axis direction, and less than or equal to 1.5 times the length L2 of the permanent magnet 31.

[0032] In this embodiment, the magnetic rotation device 1 is provided with a support member 22 that supports the permanent magnet group 32 and rotates integrally with the rotation shaft 11. In this embodiment, the support member 22 is a disc-shaped side plate member that sandwiches and positions the first permanent magnet group 32 and the second permanent magnet group 32 from both sides, respectively. The support member 22 is made of a non-magnetic material, such as synthetic resin. The support member 22 is fixed to a cylindrical bushing 23 through which the rotation shaft 11 passes. The bushing 23 rotates integrally with the rotation shaft 11 by a key 24. Note that the material and shape of these support members 22 and other components can be various other than those described above.

[0033] 〔stator〕 The stator 13 has a plurality of electromagnets 41 that are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, at positions spaced radially outward from each of the two permanent magnet groups 32 of the rotor 12 which are arranged in pairs. Specifically, a plurality of electromagnets 41 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction at positions spaced radially outward from the first permanent magnet group 32, and a plurality of electromagnets 41 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction at positions spaced radially outward from the second permanent magnet group 32.

[0034] The electromagnet 41 has a configuration in which a winding 43 is wound around the legs 42a and 42b of an iron core 42 having a first leg 42a, a second leg 42b, and a connecting portion 42c that connects the first leg 42a and the second leg 42b (see Figure 3). Specifically, of the two electromagnets 41 that are arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of the rotation axis among the multiple electromagnets 41, one has a configuration in which the winding 43 is wound around the first leg 42a of the iron core 42 having the above shape, and the other has a configuration in which the winding 43 is wound around the second leg 42b. For the sake of explanation, the winding 43 wound around the first leg 42a of the iron core 42 will be called the first winding 43, and the winding 43 wound around the second leg 42b will be called the second winding 43. The first winding 43 wrapped around the first leg portion 42a and the second winding 43 wrapped around the second leg portion 42b are wound in the same direction.

[0035] In this embodiment, the first leg portion 42a, the second leg portion 42b, and the connecting portion 42c of the core 42 form a U-shape. As shown in Figure 3, the connecting portion 42c of the core 42 extends parallel to the rotation axis 11 at the end positions of the first leg portion 42a and the second leg portion 42b. The first leg portion 42a and the second leg portion 42b of the core 42 extend in a direction perpendicular to the connecting portion 42c. In this embodiment, the first leg portion 42a, the second leg portion 42b, and the connecting portion 42c of the core 42 are integrally formed, but they may also be configured with separate members connected to each other. The end faces 42d at the tips of the first leg portion 42a and the second leg portion 42b of each core 42 have a rectangular shape and are positioned to face the center of the rotation axis 11. However, the shape of the core 42 is not limited to a U-shape.

[0036] By applying power to the first winding 43 and the second winding 43, a magnetic field is generated, and the iron core 42 is magnetized, becoming an electromagnet 41. By passing currents in opposite directions through the first winding 43 and the second winding 43, magnetic poles of opposite polarity are formed on the end faces 42d of the first leg 42a and the second leg 42b of the iron core 42. That is, when current flows through the first winding 43 and the second winding 43, one of the end faces 42d of the first leg 42a and the other of the end faces 42d of the second leg 42b becomes the north pole and the other becomes the south pole.

[0037] In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, the number (m) of electromagnets 41 arranged radially outward and spaced apart in relation to one group of permanent magnets 32 is 12. That is, 12 electromagnets 41 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. When viewed in the direction of the rotation axis, the angle β2 (see Figure 4) between two adjacent electromagnets 41 with respect to the center of the rotation axis 11 is 30° (360° / 12). However, the number (m) of electromagnets 41 provided in relation to one group of permanent magnets 32 is not limited to 12.

[0038] The number (m) of multiple electromagnets 41 positioned radially outward and spaced apart in relation to one permanent magnet group 32 is 1.5 times the number (n) of permanent magnets 31 constituting one permanent magnet group 32. By setting the number (m) of multiple electromagnets 41 positioned radially outward and spaced apart in relation to one permanent magnet group 32 to 1.5 times the number (n) of permanent magnets 31 constituting one permanent magnet group 32, high torque and high output can be achieved even at low rotational speeds for reasons described later. For example, when n=8, m=12, and when n=16, m=24. The performance of the magnetic rotation device 1 improves as the numbers n and m increase, but this increases the amount of wiring, which presents challenges in terms of marketability. Considering performance and marketability, it is preferable that n=8 and m=12, as in this embodiment.

[0039] The frame 21 is made of a non-magnetic material such as stainless steel and is provided to mechanically support the magnetic rotation device 1, forming the outer shape of the magnetic rotation device 1.

[0040] The rotating shaft 11 is rotatably supported relative to the frame 21 by bearings provided on the frame 21. The rotating shaft 11 is made of a magnetic or non-magnetic material. As described above, the permanent magnets 31 of the rotor 12 are arranged such that north and south magnetic poles are formed along the circumferential direction, and this arrangement ensures that the rotating shaft 11 is not affected by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets 31. For this reason, the rotating shaft 11 can be made using a magnetic material.

[0041] In this embodiment, the magnetic rotation device 1 is provided with a semiconductor, such as a photointerrupter 51, for detecting the rotational angular position of the rotation shaft 11 (see Figure 1). A shielding disc 52 is attached to the rotation shaft 11, and the shielding disc 52 rotates integrally with the rotation shaft 11. The photointerrupter 51 is turned on / off according to the rotational angular position of the shielding disc 52.

[0042] [Explanation of the polarity of permanent magnets, etc.] Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the iron core 42 and permanent magnet 31 in the magnetic rotation device 1 of the first embodiment. Figure 6 shows the virtual magnetic pole J of the rotor 12 in the magnetic rotation device 1. Figure 7 shows an example of the rotational drive of the magnetic rotation device 1.

[0043] Figure 5 corresponds to a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in Figure 1. Figures 2, 4 to 7 show one possible rotational angular position of the rotor 12 in a free state where no current is flowing through the winding 43 and no external rotational force is applied to the rotating shaft 11.

[0044] As described above, in Figure 5, the centerlines LK of the iron core 42 form a central angle of β2 (=30°) with each other, and the centerlines LT of the permanent magnets 31 form a central angle of β1 (=45°) with each other.

[0045] In Figure 5, the iron core at the top is designated as "42A1," and along the direction of arrow DS, i.e., counterclockwise, every other core is designated as "42A2," "42A3," and "42A4." Here, the four iron cores 42 from "42A1" to "42A4" are called the A-phase iron cores 42. Also, using iron core 42A1 as a reference, the iron core 42 one position away in the direction of arrow DS is designated as "42B1," and along the direction of arrow DS, every other core is designated as "42B2," "42B3," and "42B4." Here, the four iron cores 42 from "42B1" to "42B4" are called the B-phase iron cores 42. Furthermore, using iron core 42A1 as a reference, the iron core 42 two positions away in the direction of arrow DS is designated as "42C1," and along the direction of arrow DS, every other core is designated as "42C2," "42C3," and "42C4." Here, the four iron cores 42, "42C1" to "42C4", are referred to as the C-phase iron cores 42.

[0046] In Figure 6, the virtual magnetic poles J formed by two adjacent permanent magnets 31 in the circumferential direction are indicated by black or white circles. The black circles represent the N-pole virtual magnetic pole J, and the white circles represent the S-pole virtual magnetic pole J. In this specification, the N-pole virtual magnetic pole J may be referred to as "virtual magnetic pole JN," and the S-pole virtual magnetic pole J may be referred to as "virtual magnetic pole JS."

[0047] As shown in Figure 6, four virtual magnetic poles JN and four virtual magnetic poles JS appear alternately along the circumference. The rotor 12 has eight magnetic poles. In other words, eight magnetic poles (virtual magnetic poles J) are formed by eight permanent magnets 31.

[0048] In the magnetic rotation device 1 of this embodiment, eight permanent magnets 31, which is twice the number of four, are used to form the same eight magnetic poles (virtual magnetic poles J). As a result, the strength of the magnetic poles (virtual magnetic poles J) is increased, and the magnetic field extends over a wide area.

[0049] In contrast, if, for example, the magnetic poles of the eight permanent magnets 31 shown in Figure 6 are arranged so that the polarity of each magnetic pole is the same with respect to the direction of rotation, then the opposing magnetic pole surfaces of adjacent permanent magnets 31 will have opposite polarities, and thus 16 magnetic poles will be formed. Also, if the same configuration is used with four permanent magnets 31, then eight magnetic poles will be formed.

[0050] In other words, if two adjacent permanent magnets 31 in the circumferential direction are arranged so that their opposing pole surfaces have different polarities, then eight magnetic poles are formed with four permanent magnets 31. However, in the magnetic rotation device 1 of this embodiment, eight magnetic poles (virtual magnetic poles J) are formed with eight permanent magnets 31 by arranging so that their opposing pole surfaces have the same polarity. As a result, the strength of the magnetic poles (virtual magnetic poles J) in the magnetic rotation device 1 of this embodiment is increased compared to a configuration that uses four permanent magnets 31 to form eight magnetic poles.

[0051] Thus, in the magnetic rotation device 1 of this embodiment, eight permanent magnets 31 are used to form eight identical magnetic poles (virtual magnetic poles J). As a result, the magnetic field concentrates at the virtual magnetic poles J, increasing the strength of the magnetic poles, and a strong magnetic field is formed over a wide area near the virtual magnetic poles J. Therefore, the magnetic effect between the virtual magnetic poles J and the iron core 42 is increased, and the rotational torque is increased, enabling high torque and high output even at low rotation speeds. Consequently, the output when the magnetic rotation device 1 is used as an electric motor can be improved, and the power generation efficiency and output when used as a generator can be improved.

[0052] Next, with reference to Figure 7, the principle of rotational torque generation in the magnetic rotation device 1 will be explained. Figure 7(a) shows a state in which one permanent magnet 31 of the rotor 12 is facing the iron core 42A1 at the uppermost position. That is, the center line LK of the iron core 42A1 and the center line LT of the permanent magnet 31 are aligned.

[0053] For the sake of explanation, here, among the multiple permanent magnets 31 shown in Figure 7(a), the one at the top will be called permanent magnet 31a, and in order along the direction of arrow DS, they will be called permanent magnet 31b, permanent magnet 31c, permanent magnet 31d, permanent magnet 31e, permanent magnet 31f, permanent magnet 31g, and permanent magnet 31h. As shown in Figure 7(a), when permanent magnet 31a is in a position directly facing the iron core 42A1, permanent magnet 31c is in a position directly facing the iron core 42A2, permanent magnet 31e is in a position directly facing the iron core 42A3, and permanent magnet 31g is in a position directly facing the iron core 42A4. Furthermore, permanent magnet 31b is located between iron core 42B1 and iron core 42C1, permanent magnet 31d is located between iron core 42B2 and iron core 42C2, permanent magnet 31f is located between iron core 42B3 and iron core 42C3, and permanent magnet 31h is located between iron core 42B4 and iron core 42C4.

[0054] The permanent magnet 31a at the top has its south pole on the right side of the diagram and its north pole on the left side. As a result, a virtual magnetic pole JS is formed on the right side of the iron core 42A1, and a virtual magnetic pole JN is formed on the left side. When current is passed through the windings 43 of the A-phase iron cores 42A1 to 42A4 in this state, and the end faces of the iron cores 42A1, 42A2, 42A3, and 42A4 facing the permanent magnets 31a, 31c, 31e, and 31g become north poles, the north poles of the A-phase iron cores 42A1 to 42A4 repel the virtual magnetic pole JN and attract the virtual magnetic pole JS, causing the rotor 12 to rotate to the left (in the direction of arrow DS). The rotational torque at this time is large due to the strong virtual magnetic pole J and the combined effects of both repulsion and attraction.

[0055] Here, we examined the A-phase cores 42A1-42A4 to which power was applied, as well as the B-phase cores 42B1-42B4 and C-phase cores 42C1-42C4 to which no power was applied. We found that current was flowing not only in the A-phase cores 42A1-42A4, but also in the B-phase cores 42B1-42B4 and C-phase cores 42C1-42C4. Figures 8(a)-(c) show the time variation of the voltage waveforms of the A-phase cores 42A1-42A4, B-phase cores 42B1-42B4, and C-phase cores 42C1-42C4 when power was applied to the A-phase cores 42A1-42A4, measured using an oscilloscope. As shown in Figures 8(b) and (c), current flows through the B-phase cores 42B1-42B4 and the C-phase cores 42C1-42C4 even when no power is applied, and voltage is measured. This is thought to be because the rotation of the rotor 12 causes the permanent magnet 31 to move closer to and further away from the B-phase cores 42B1-42B4 and the C-phase cores 42C1-42C4, which induces currents in the B-phase cores 42B1-42B4 and the C-phase cores 42C1-42C4 due to electromagnetic induction. Furthermore, if the core 42 constituting the electromagnet 41 is a single straight core 42 rather than a U-shape like the magnetic rotation device 1 in this embodiment, it is thought that no current flows through the B-phase cores 42B1-42B4 immediately before power is applied to them.

[0056] Furthermore, for the electromagnets 41 not shown in Figure 7 among the two electromagnets 41 arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of rotation axis, similar control is performed with the opposite magnetic pole relationship. That is, for the electromagnets 41 not shown in Figure 7, current is passed through the windings 43 of the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4, and the end faces of the iron cores 42A1, 42A2, 42A3, and 42A4 facing the permanent magnets 31a, 31c, 31e, and 31g respectively are excited so that they become the south pole, causing the rotor 12 to rotate to the left (in the direction of arrow DS). In other words, since the rotor 12 has a group of permanent magnets 32 arranged in pairs, and the stator 13 has multiple electromagnets 41 at positions radially outward from each of the two groups of permanent magnets 32, a larger rotational torque can be obtained. As a result, high torque and high output can be achieved even at low rotation speeds. Therefore, the output can be improved when the magnetic rotation device 1 is used as an electric motor, and the power generation efficiency and output can be improved when it is used as a generator.

[0057] Here, as described above, the number (m) of multiple electromagnets 41 positioned radially outward and spaced apart in relation to one permanent magnet group 32 is 1.5 times the number (n) of permanent magnets 31 constituting one permanent magnet group 32. Therefore, as shown in Figure 7(a), the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4 and the C-phase cores 42C1 to 42C4 do not face any of the permanent magnets 31a to 31h. More specifically, permanent magnet 31b is located between core 42B1 and core 42C1, permanent magnet 31d is located between core 42B2 and core 42C2, permanent magnet 31f is located between core 42B3 and core 42C3, and permanent magnet 31h is located between core 42B4 and core 42C4. Therefore, the permanent magnets 31b, 31d, 31f, and 31h are in an unstable position where they can easily rotate in either the leftward or rightward direction. As a result, when power is applied to the windings 43 of the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4, it does not hinder the rotation of the rotor 12. This makes it possible to achieve high torque and high output even at low rotational speeds. The same applies when power is applied to the windings 43 of the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4, and when power is applied to the windings 43 of the C-phase cores 42C1 to 42C4, as described later.

[0058] Furthermore, if the number of electromagnets 41 (m) and the number of permanent magnets 31 (n) are the same, when power is applied to the windings 43 of the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4, the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4 and the C-phase cores 42C1 to 42C4 are positioned opposite the permanent magnets 31. In this case, attractive forces are generated between the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4 and the permanent magnets 31, and between the C-phase cores 42C1 to 42C4 and the permanent magnets 31, thus hindering the rotation of the rotor 12.

[0059] The state shown in Figure 7(b) is the state in which the rotor 12 has rotated to the left by an on angle θ1 from the state shown in Figure 7(a). In Figure 7(b), the permanent magnet 31a, which was at the top position in Figure 7(a), is now facing the iron core 42B1. In this state, power is applied to the windings 43 of the B-phase iron cores 42B1 to 42B4, exciting them so that the end faces of the B-phase iron cores 42B1 to 42B4 facing the permanent magnets 31a, 31c, 31e, and 31g become north poles. As a result, the north poles of the B-phase iron cores 42B1 to 42B4 repel each other and the virtual magnetic pole JN, and attract each other and the virtual magnetic pole JS, so the rotor 12 continues to rotate to the left (in the direction of arrow DS). In this explanation, the on angle θ1 is 30°.

[0060] In Figure 7, the power of the windings 43 of the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4 is turned on, for example, in the state shown in Figure 7(a) and turned off in the state shown in Figure 7(b). However, the power of the windings 43 of the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4 may be turned on slightly earlier than the state shown in Figure 7(a). That is, the power of the winding 43 of core 42A1 is turned on when the center line LT of the permanent magnet 31a is to the right of the center line LK of core 42A1. The same applies to the power of the windings 43 of the other A-phase cores 42A2 to 42A4.

[0061] In other words, the power to the windings 43 of the iron core 42A1 may be turned on when the virtual magnetic pole JN is closer to the iron core 42A1 than in the state shown in Figure 7(a). For example, the power to the windings 43 of the iron core 42A1 can also be turned on when the corner 33 of the N pole of the permanent magnet 31a coincides with the center line LK of the iron core 42A1, or when the virtual magnetic pole JN coincides with the center line LK of the iron core 42A1. In this case, the on angle θ1 can be made wider.

[0062] As described above, when power is applied to the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4, current also flows to the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4. Therefore, when power is applied to the windings 43 of the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4, current is already flowing through the windings 43 of the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4. For this reason, compared to a configuration in which power is applied to the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4 from a state where no current is flowing through them, the rotational response of the rotor 12 to the power application can be improved.

[0063] Furthermore, when we tried to extract the current flowing through the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4 when power is applied to the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4, and then set the current to 0 just before applying power to the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4 before flowing current through the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4, the magnetic rotation device 1 stopped functioning correctly.

[0064] Just as when power is applied to the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4, when power is applied to the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4, current also flows through the C-phase cores 42C1 to 42C4 and the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4, even though no power is being applied to them.

[0065] The state shown in Figure 7(c) is the state in which the rotor 12 has rotated to the left by an ON angle θ1 from the state shown in Figure 7(b). In Figure 7(c), the permanent magnet 31a, which was in a position opposite the iron core 42B1 in Figure 7(b), is now in a position opposite the iron core 42C1. In this state, power is applied to the windings 43 of the C-phase iron cores 42C1 to 42C4, exciting them so that the end faces of the C-phase iron cores 42C1 to 42C4 opposite the permanent magnets 31a, 31c, 31e, and 31g become N poles. As a result, the N poles of the C-phase iron cores 42C1 to 42C4 repel each other and the virtual magnetic pole JN, and attract each other and the virtual magnetic pole JS, so the rotor 12 continues to rotate to the left (in the direction of arrow DS).

[0066] In Figure 7, the power of the windings 43 of the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4 is turned on, for example, in the state shown in Figure 7(b) and turned off in the state shown in Figure 7(c). However, the power of the windings 43 of the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4 may be turned on slightly earlier than the state shown in Figure 7(b). That is, the power of the winding 43 of core 42B1 is turned on when the center line LT of the permanent magnet 31a is to the right of the center line LK of core 42B1. The same applies to the power of the windings 43 of the other B-phase cores 42B2 to 42B4.

[0067] In other words, the power to the windings 43 of the iron core 42B1 may be turned on when the virtual magnetic pole JN is closer to the iron core 42B1 than in the state shown in Figure 7(b). For example, the power to the windings 43 of the iron core 42B1 can also be turned on when the corner portion 33 of the N pole of the permanent magnet 31a coincides with the center line LK of the iron core 42B1, or when the virtual magnetic pole JN coincides with the center line LK of the iron core 42B1.

[0068] As described above, when power is applied to the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4, current also flows to the C-phase cores 42C1 to 42C4. Therefore, compared to a configuration in which power is applied to the C-phase cores 42C1 to 42C4 from a state where no current flows to them, the rotational response of the rotor 12 to the power application can be improved. Furthermore, similar to when power is applied to the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4 and the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4, when power is applied to the C-phase cores 42C1 to 42C4, current also flows to the A-phase cores 42A1 to 42A4 and the B-phase cores 42B1 to 42B4, even though no power is being applied to them.

[0069] Thereafter, by applying power in the same manner to the A-phase cores 42A1-42A4, the B-phase cores 42B1-42B4, and the C-phase cores 42C1-42C4, the rotor 12 can be kept rotating.

[0070] In the above explanation, the rotor 12 was assumed to rotate to the left, but it is also possible to rotate the rotor 12 to the right by changing the excitation timing of the iron core 42. Specifically, in Figure 7(a), the permanent magnet 31a at the top has its right side as the south pole and its left side as the north pole. With permanent magnets 31b, 31d, 31f, and 31h, which have their right side as the north pole and their left side as the south pole, at the top, current is passed through the windings 43 of the A-phase iron cores 42A1 to 42A4 to excite the end face 42d of the A-phase iron cores 42A1 to 42A4, which is opposite to the permanent magnets 31b, 31d, 31f, and 31h, so that it becomes the north pole, thereby rotating the rotor 12 to the right.

[0071] In the first embodiment, the magnetic rotation device 1 can be used as an electric motor that rotates the rotor 12 by applying power to the windings 43 of the iron core 42 of the stator 13. In addition, the magnetic rotation device 1 in the first embodiment can also be used as a generator that extracts the current generated in the windings 43 of the iron core 42 of the stator 13 by rotating the rotor 12 with an external force.

[0072] [Second Embodiment] As described above, the magnetic rotation device 1 in the first embodiment can be used as an electric motor. The electric motor in the second embodiment has a configuration comprising two magnetic rotation devices in the first embodiment. Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of the electric motor 2 in the second embodiment, which comprises two magnetic rotation devices 1 in the first embodiment. Here, one of the two magnetic rotation devices 1 is called the first magnetic rotation device 1a, and the other is called the second magnetic rotation device 1b. The first magnetic rotation device 1a and the second magnetic rotation device 1b have the same configuration.

[0073] As shown in Figure 9, the first magnetic rotation device 1a and the second magnetic rotation device 1b are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same rotation axis 11. With this configuration, since the electric motor 2 is composed of the two magnetic rotation devices 1a and 1b, a larger output can be obtained.

[0074] In the second embodiment, the electric motor 2 has a configuration that includes two magnetic rotation devices 1 as in the first embodiment, but it may also have a configuration that includes three or more magnetic rotation devices 1.

[0075] [Third Embodiment] As described above, the magnetic rotation device 1 in the first embodiment can be used as a generator. The generator in the third embodiment has a configuration comprising two magnetic rotation devices 1 in the first embodiment. The configuration of the generator in the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the electric motor 2 in the second embodiment shown in Figure 9. That is, the generator in the third embodiment comprises a first magnetic rotation device 1a and a second magnetic rotation device 1b, and the first magnetic rotation device 1a and the second magnetic rotation device 1b are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same rotation axis 11. With this configuration, since the generator is composed of two magnetic rotation devices 1a and 1b, a larger amount of power can be generated.

[0076] [Fourth Embodiment] A motor-generator can be constructed by forming a magnetic rotation device 1 that operates as an electric motor and a magnetic rotation device 1 that operates as a generator on the same axis. The motor-generator in the fourth embodiment comprises an electric motor which is the first magnetic rotation device 1a and a generator which is the second magnetic rotation device 1b. The electric motor and the generator are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same rotation axis 11, and the generator is configured to generate electricity through the rotation of the electric motor. The configuration of the main part of the motor-generator in the fourth embodiment is the same as the configuration of the main part of the electric motor 2 in the second embodiment shown in Figure 9.

[0077] According to the motor-generator in the fourth embodiment, since it has a configuration that includes a highly efficient motor and generator, it can convert DC to AC with higher efficiency compared to a configuration that converts DC to AC using an inverter.

[0078] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various applications and modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0079] 1, 1a, 1b Magnetic Rotation Device 2 electric motor 11 Rotation axis 12 rotors 13 Stator 21 frames 22 Support member 23 Bush 24 keys 31, 31a, 31b, 31c, 31d, 31e, 31f, 31g, 31h permanent magnet 32 Permanent magnet group 41 Electromagnet 42, 42A1~42A4, 42B1~42B4, 42C1~42C4 Iron core 42a First leg 42b Second leg 42c connection 43 Winding wire 51 Photo Interrupter 52 Shielding disc J Virtual magnetic pole LK Iron core centerline LT permanent magnet centerline θ1 On angle β1 Central angle of a permanent magnet β2 central angle of the iron core

Claims

1. A rotor in which groups of permanent magnets, each consisting of multiple permanent magnets spaced apart in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis of rotation, are arranged in pairs at a predetermined distance in the direction of the axis of rotation, A stator having a plurality of electromagnets arranged radially outward from each of the two pairs of permanent magnet groups, and spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, Equipped with, The two permanent magnets adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction are arranged such that the same magnetic poles face each other in the circumferential direction. The group of permanent magnets arranged in pairs is configured such that the magnetic poles of two adjacent permanent magnets in the direction of the rotation axis are different. Of the multiple electromagnets, one of the two electromagnets arranged adjacent to each other in the direction of the rotation axis has a configuration in which a winding is wound around the first leg of an iron core having a first leg, a second leg, and a connecting portion connecting the first leg and the second leg, and the other has a configuration in which a winding is wound around the second leg, and the winding wound around the first leg and the winding wound around the second leg are wound in the same direction. The predetermined distance is greater than or equal to the length of the permanent magnet in the direction of rotation. A magnetic rotation device characterized in that the number (m) of the multiple electromagnets arranged at radially spaced apart in relation to one group of permanent magnets is 1.5 times the number (n) of the permanent magnets constituting one group of permanent magnets.

2. The magnetic rotation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the permanent magnet when viewed in the direction of the rotation axis is rectangular, and the permanent magnet is arranged such that the centerlines of the opposing poles of the permanent magnet pass through the center of the rotation axis.

3. The magnetic rotation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support member that supports the group of permanent magnets and rotates integrally with the rotation shaft is a non-magnetic material, and the rotation shaft is a magnetic or non-magnetic material.

4. The magnetic rotation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the iron core is made of silicon steel sheet or Fe-Si amorphous material.

5. The magnetic rotation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the predetermined distance is preferably 1.5 times or less the length of the permanent magnet in the direction of rotation.

6. The magnetic rotation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic rotation device is an electric motor.

7. The magnetic rotation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnetic rotation device is a generator.

8. A first magnetic rotation device which is a magnetic rotation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, A second magnetic rotation device having the same configuration as the first magnetic rotation device, Equipped with, An electric motor characterized in that the first magnetic rotation device and the second magnetic rotation device are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same axis of rotation.

9. A first magnetic rotation device which is a magnetic rotation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, A second magnetic rotation device having the same configuration as the first magnetic rotation device, Equipped with, A generator characterized in that the first magnetic rotation device and the second magnetic rotation device are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same axis of rotation.

10. A motor which is a magnetic rotation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, A generator which is a magnetic rotation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, Equipped with, The motor and the generator are connected to each other so as to rotate around the same axis of rotation, and the generator generates electricity through the rotation of the motor.

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