Manufacturing method for glass articles

Abstract

This invention provides a method for manufacturing glass articles by coating a mass-like object, such as the bones or teeth of a person or animal, with glass. [Solution] The glass article manufacturing method 100 is for manufacturing a glass article in which an object is coated with glass, and comprises a preheating step 110, a glass softening step 120, a coating step 130, and a cooling step 140. The object is a bone or tooth of a person or animal. In the glass softening step 120, the tip of a glass rod is softened using a heating device. The coating step 130 involves coating the object that has undergone the preheating step with the softened glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing glass articles.

Background Art

[0002] As a method for preserving bones and teeth of humans and animals (hereinafter referred to as target objects), a method of coating the target objects with glass is known. For example, in Patent Document 1, glass is used to integrate powdered bones of humans and animals.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] By the way, when a human or animal is cremated, bones and ashes are obtained. However, according to the invention described in Patent Document 1, when trying to preserve a lump of a certain size such as a bone, it has to be made into powder. [[ID=3,7]]

[0005] In view of such circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing glass articles.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The method for manufacturing a glass article of the present invention includes a preheating step of preheating a块状 target object, and a coating step of coating the target object that has undergone the preheating step with glass, wherein the target object is a bone or tooth of a human or animal. (Note: “块状” might be a misspelling or an unusual term. If it should be “块状的” which means “lump-shaped” in Chinese, then the translation is adjusted accordingly.)

[0007] The process includes a glass softening step for softening the glass, and it is preferable that the glass softening step be performed independently of the preheating step, or before or after the preheating step.

[0008] The size of the object is preferably 1 mm or larger. Furthermore, the preheating temperature in the preheating process is preferably 50°C or higher. In addition, the preheating device used to preheat the glass in the preheating process is preferably an electric furnace. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for manufacturing glass articles by coating a mass-like object such as the bones or teeth of a person or animal with glass. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] This is a flowchart illustrating the outline of the manufacturing method for the first glass article. [Figure 2] This is a flowchart illustrating the outline of the manufacturing method for the second glass article. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] As shown in Figure 1, the glass article manufacturing method 100 is for manufacturing a glass article in which an object is coated with glass, and comprises a preheating step 110, a glass softening step 120, a coating step 130, and a cooling step 140.

[0012] As glass applicable to the present invention, public glass can be used, and among public glass, glass used as craft glass is preferred. Examples of craft glass include hard glass and soft glass. Examples of hard glass include borosilicate glass and quartz glass. Examples of soft glass include soda-lime glass (soda glass), lead glass (crystal glass), and lead glass for radiation shielding. Furthermore, the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass applicable to the present invention is preferably 20 ( / °C) or more and 150 ( / °C) or less, and more preferably 30 ( / °C) or more and 135 ( / °C) or less.

[0013] The object to be cremated is a bone or tooth of a human or animal. The animal can be any animal, such as a dog, cat, bird, or fish, but is not particularly limited. A lump of object refers to an object that is not in powder form, and its size is, for example, 1 mm or larger. The lower limit of the size of the object is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 mm, more preferably 3 mm, even more preferably 10 mm, and particularly preferably 20 mm. The upper limit of the size of the object is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 mm, and more preferably 300 mm. Furthermore, the object is preferably cremated, and in this case, it may include ashes. The cremation temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably between 100°C and 1200°C.

[0014] The preheating step 110 is performed in the coating step 130 to suppress cracking and fissures in the object. In the preheating step 110, the bulk object is preheated using a preheating device. As the preheating device, burners, heaters using electric heating wires, glory holes, glass melting furnaces, electric furnaces, etc., can be used. As the burner, gas burners using city gas or propane, or oxygen burners can be used. It is preferable to use an electric furnace or the like, as it can supply heat to the entire bulk object.

[0015] The preheating step 110 involves placing the object in a preheating temperature T1 environment for a time S1. The range of the preheating temperature T1 in the preheating step 110 is not particularly limited as long as it does not contradict the spirit of the present invention, but for example, it is preferably 50°C to 1200°C and more preferably 100°C to 1000°C. The time S1 for performing the preheating step 110 depends on the size of the object, but is preferably 1 minute or more and more preferably 2 minutes or more. The upper limit of the time S1 for performing the preheating step 110 is not particularly limited as long as it does not contradict the spirit of the present invention, but for example, it may be 30 minutes or less. The heating rate of the object in the preheating step is preferably 70°C / min or less, more preferably 50°C / min or less, even more preferably 30°C / min or less, and particularly preferably 20°C / min or less.

[0016] The glass softening step 120 softens the glass rod using a glass softening device in order to perform the coating step 130. The glass softening device can be a heater using an electric heating wire, a burner, a glory hole, a glass melting furnace, an electric furnace, etc. The upper limit of the heating temperature T2 in the glass softening step 120 is not particularly limited as long as it does not contradict the spirit of the invention, but it is preferably less than or equal to the heating temperature in the coating step 130. The lower limit of the heating temperature T2 in the glass softening step 120 is preferably greater than or equal to the softening point Ts of the glass used. The duration of the glass softening step 120 is not particularly limited as long as it does not contradict the spirit of the invention.

[0017] In the coating process 130, the glass is heated using a heating device, and softened glass is supplied to the surface of the object to coat the entire surface of the object with glass and shape it into the target design of the glass article. A burner, glow hole, electric furnace, or glass melting furnace can be used as the heating device. A gas burner (air burner or oxygen burner, etc.) can also be used as the burner. The heating temperature T3 in the coating process 130 can be the softening point of the glass to be used. The heating temperature T3 should be at or above the softening point Ts of the glass to be used. Here, the softening point of the glass can be measured according to JIS R 3103-1 (2001). The upper limit of the heating temperature T3 in the glass softening process 120 is not particularly limited as long as it does not contradict the spirit of the present invention, but for example, it is preferably the working temperature of the glass to be used. The working point of the glass is a temperature determined to be suitable for glass molding, for comparison between different types of glass, where the viscosity of the glass is 10 4 This is the temperature at which the temperature becomes dPa·s.

[0018] To prevent cracking due to glass distortion after cooling, the volume of glass covering the object in the coating process 130 is preferably 5 times or more the volume of the object, more preferably 10 times or more the volume of the object, even more preferably 30 times or more the volume of the object, and particularly preferably 100 times or more the volume of the object.

[0019] In addition, the coating process 130 may be carried out by supplying softened glass to the object using the second glass rod while the object is attached to the tip of the first glass rod, or by supplying softened glass to the object while it is being held by pliers or the like.

[0020] In the cooling process 140, the object that has undergone the coating process 130 is placed in an electric furnace that has been cooled to the annealing point of the glass. Then, the temperature of the electric furnace is gradually cooled to the strain point. After that, the object is cooled until the temperature of the electric furnace reaches room temperature. Here, the annealing point is the temperature at which the internal stress of the glass disappears in a few hours, approximately 10 13It may also be regarded as the temperature corresponding to a viscosity of dPa·s. It can be measured by the method specified in JIS R3103-02:2001. Also, the strain point is the temperature at which the internal stress of the glass disappears in a few hours, about 10 14.5 It may also be regarded as the temperature corresponding to a viscosity of dPa·s. It can be measured by the method specified in JIS R3103-02:2001. <​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​The remains (objects) obtained from experiments A1 to A11 were evaluated from the following perspectives.

[0026] Evaluation items The obtained remains (objects) were visually inspected to see if there were any cracks or fractures. A: No cracks or fractures were found in any of the 10 objects. B: One out of ten objects developed a crack or break. C: Cracks or breaks occurred in 2 to 3 out of 10 objects. D: Cracks or breaks occurred in 4 to 6 out of 10 objects. E: Cracks or breaks occurred in 7 to 8 out of 10 objects. F: Cracks or breaks occurred in 9 out of 10 objects. G: Cracks or breaks occurred in all 10 objects.

[0027] (Experiment B1) A preheating process 110 (Figure 1) was performed on 10 sets of cremated remains (objects) using an electric furnace. The cremated remains were pig bones, shaped like rectangular prisms, with lengths of approximately 5 mm and widths, and a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm. In the preheating process 110, the cremated remains (objects) stored at room temperature were placed into an electric furnace where room temperature was maintained. The electric furnace was then heated to a preheating temperature T1. The preheating temperature T1 was 100°C, and the heating rate to reach the preheating temperature T1 was approximately 10-20°C / minute. The time taken for the preheating process 110 (preheating time S1) was 3 minutes.

[0028] (Experiments B2-B11) The preheating process 110 was carried out in the same manner as in Experiment B1, except for the details shown in Table 2.

[0029] [Table 2]

[0030] (evaluation) The remains (objects) obtained from experiments B1 to B11 were evaluated from the following perspectives.

[0031] Evaluation items Visually inspect the obtained remains (object) to see if there are any cracks or fractures. did. A: No cracks or fractures were found in any of the 10 objects. B: One out of ten objects developed a crack or break. C: Cracks or breaks occurred in 2 to 3 out of 10 objects. D: Cracks or breaks occurred in 4 to 6 out of 10 objects. E: Cracks or breaks occurred in 7 to 8 out of 10 objects. F: Cracks or breaks occurred in 9 out of 10 objects. G: Cracks or breaks occurred in all 10 objects.

[0032] (Experiment C1) As shown in Figure 1, the manufacturing method 100 for glass articles was performed using 10 sets of cremated remains (objects).

[0033] The remains were from a pig, shaped like a rectangular prism, with a length and width of approximately 5 mm and a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm. A preheating process 110 (Figure 1) was performed using an electric furnace. In the preheating process 110, the remains (object) stored at room temperature were placed into an electric furnace where room temperature was maintained. The electric furnace was then heated to a preheating temperature T1. The preheating temperature T1 was 100°C, and the heating rate to reach the preheating temperature T1 was approximately 10-20°C / minute. The time taken for the preheating process 110 (preheating time S1) was 3 minutes.

[0034] In the glass softening process 120, the glass was softened using an air burner. The glass used was a rod-shaped lead glass (softening point Ts: approximately 550°C, thermal expansion coefficient: 125-131 / °C). The heating temperature T2 in the glass softening process 120 was 1100°C. The glass softening process 120 was continued until the tip of the glass rod softened.

[0035] In coating step 130, the object was coated with glass by applying the tip of a softened glass rod to the object using an air burner. The heating temperature T3 in coating step 130 was 1100°C, and the time S3 for performing coating step 130 was 1 minute.

[0036] In the cooling process 140, the object that had undergone the coating process 130 was slowly cooled in an electric furnace.

[0037] (Experiments C2-C10) The manufacturing method 100 for glass articles was carried out in the same manner as in Experiment C1, except for the details shown in Table 3.

[0038] [Table 3]

[0039] (Experiment C11) The glass article manufacturing method 100 was carried out in the same manner as in Experiment C1, except that the preheating process was omitted and as shown in Table 3.

[0040] (evaluation) The remains (objects) obtained from experiments C1 to C11 were evaluated from the following perspectives.

[0041] Evaluation items The obtained remains (objects) were visually inspected to see if there were any cracks or fractures. A: No cracks or fractures were found in any of the 10 objects. B: One out of ten objects developed a crack or break. C: Cracks or breaks occurred in 2 to 3 out of 10 objects. D: Cracks or breaks occurred in 4 to 6 out of 10 objects. E: Cracks or breaks occurred in 7 to 8 out of 10 objects. F: Cracks or breaks occurred in 9 out of 10 objects. G: Cracks or breaks occurred in all 10 objects.

[0042] (Experiment D1) As shown in Figure 1, the manufacturing method 100 for glass articles was performed using 10 sets of cremated remains (objects).

[0043] The remains were from a pig, shaped like a rectangular prism, with a length and width of approximately 5 mm and a thickness of approximately 1.5 mm. A preheating process 110 (Figure 1) was performed using an electric furnace. In the preheating process 110, the remains (object) stored at room temperature were placed into an electric furnace where room temperature was maintained. The electric furnace was then heated to a preheating temperature T1. The preheating temperature T1 was 100°C, and the heating rate to reach the preheating temperature T1 was approximately 10-20°C / minute. The time taken for the preheating process 110 (preheating time S1) was 3 minutes.

[0044] In glass softening step 120, the glass was softened using an oxygen burner. The glass used was a rod-shaped quartz glass (softening point Ts: approximately 820°C, coefficient of thermal expansion: 33 / °C). The heating temperature T2 in glass softening step 120 was 2000°C. Glass softening step 120 was continued until the tip of the glass rod softened.

[0045] In coating step 130, the object was coated with glass by applying the tip of a softened glass rod to the object using an oxygen burner. The heating temperature T3 in coating step 130 was 2000°C, and the time S3 for performing coating step 130 was 1 minute.

[0046] In the cooling process 140, the object that had undergone the coating process 130 was slowly cooled in an electric furnace.

[0047] (Experiments D2-D10) Except for what is shown in Table 4, the manufacturing method for glass articles was carried out in the same manner as in Experiment D1.

[0048] [Table 4]

[0049] (Experiment D11) The manufacturing method for glass articles was carried out in the same manner as in Experiment D1, except that the preheating process was omitted and as shown in Table 4.

[0050] (evaluation) The remains (objects) obtained from experiments D1 to D11 were evaluated from the following perspectives.

[0051] Evaluation items The obtained remains (objects) were visually inspected to see if there were any cracks or fractures. A: No cracks or fractures were found in any of the 10 objects. B: One out of ten objects developed a crack or break. C: Cracks or breaks occurred in 2 to 3 out of 10 objects. D: Cracks or breaks occurred in 4 to 6 out of 10 objects. E: Cracks or breaks occurred in 7 to 8 out of 10 objects. F: Cracks or breaks occurred in 9 out of 10 objects. G: Cracks or breaks occurred in all 10 objects.

[0052] In this way, by performing a predetermined preheating process, the manufacturing method 100 for glass articles can be carried out while suppressing the occurrence of cracks or fractures in the cremated remains (object).

[0053] In the above embodiment, the preheating step 110 and the glass softening step 120 were performed in parallel using separate equipment prior to the coating step 130, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the preheating step and the glass softening step may be performed consecutively. As an embodiment of this case, for example, the method for manufacturing a glass article 200 shown in Figure 2 may be used.

[0054] The method for manufacturing a glass article 200 comprises a glass softening step 210, a preheating step 220 performed after the glass softening step 210, a coating step 130, and a cooling step 140.

[0055] In the glass softening process 210, the glass rod is softened using a glass softening apparatus. The glass softening apparatus can be the same as the one used in the glass softening process 120 described above. Other conditions, such as the temperature range, are the same as those in the glass softening process 120.

[0056] In the preheating step 220, the tip of the glass rod, which has been softened in the glass softening step 210, is brought into contact with the surface of the object. Preferably, the tip of the softened glass rod is brought into close contact with a portion of the surface of the object. This portion of the surface may be, for example, 10% to 50% of the total surface area. Other conditions, such as the temperature range and time, are the same as in the preheating step 110.

[0057] In the above-described method for manufacturing glass articles 200, the preheating step 220 was performed using a softened glass rod, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the glass softening step 210, the glass is softened using a glass softening device. Then, in the preheating step 220, the softened glass is brought into contact with the surface of the object. This allows the object to be preheated. In the glass softening step 210, the glass held at the tip of a work rod may be softened, or the glass may be softened in a container or on a sheet.

[0058] The coating process 130 and the cooling process 140 are the same as those in the glass article manufacturing method 100 described above.

[0059] In the glass article manufacturing method 200, as an example of performing the preheating step and the glass softening step consecutively, the preheating step 220 was performed after the glass softening step 210. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the glass softening step 210 may be performed consecutively after the preheating step 220.

[0060] In the above embodiment, the glass article manufacturing method 100 involved a so-called preheating process followed by conventional burner work (framework) to produce the glass article, but the present invention is not limited to this. A conventional method for manufacturing glass articles may be used instead of conventional burner work. That is, after performing the preheating process in the above embodiment, conventional glassblowing (benchwork) or conventional kiln work (pâte de verre) may be performed.

[0061] It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0062] 100 Method for manufacturing glass articles 110 Preheating process 120 Glass softening process 130 Coating process 140 Cooling process 200 Method for manufacturing glass articles 210 Glass softening process 220 Preheating process

Claims

1. A preheating process in which a block-shaped object is preheated, The process includes a coating step of applying a glass coating to the object that has undergone the preheating step, A method for manufacturing a glass article, characterized in that the object is a bone or tooth of a person or animal.

2. The process includes a glass softening step for softening the glass, The glass softening process described above is: A method for manufacturing a glass article according to claim 1, characterized in that it is performed independently of the preheating step, or before or after the preheating step.

3. The method for manufacturing a glass article according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the size of the object is 1 mm or more.

4. The method for manufacturing a glass article according to claim 3, characterized in that the preheating temperature in the preheating step is 50°C or higher.

5. The method for manufacturing a glass article according to claim 3, characterized in that the preheating device used for preheating the glass in the preheating step is an electric furnace.

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