Non-contact power supply panel and pavement equipped with the panel

Abstract

To provide a power supply panel that can be installed on the road surface without cutting existing pavement, is durable, and enables contactless power supply to electric vehicles. [Solution] A power supply panel 100 for contactless power supply to an electric vehicle, comprising a first layer 110 formed of resin at the bottom, a power supply coil 120 wound in a substantially planar manner in the middle layer, and a second layer 130 formed of resin at the top, wherein the power supply coil 120 is enclosed by the first layer 110 and the second layer 130.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a power supply panel for non-contact power supply to an electric vehicle.

Background Art

[0002] Conventionally, electric vehicles have the weakness of a short cruising range, and in-road wireless power transmission for in-motion power supply has been attracting attention. There are various methods for wireless power transmission, and the magnetic field coupling method, which can transmit power over a distance of 10 cm or more with relatively high efficiency, is also cited as a promising power transmission method.

[0003] In Patent Document 1, in a non-contact power supply coil that is buried under the road surface of a paved body and can supply power to a power receiving coil installed in a vehicle traveling on the road surface of the paved body in a non-contact manner, a coil-shaped conductor portion and a magnetic plate disposed in the vicinity of the coil-shaped conductor portion so that the coil axis and the normal line are substantially parallel are provided, and an opening is provided in the magnetic plate so that the coil axis is positioned near the center of the opening, thereby forming a through hole in which the opening and the hollow space of the coil-shaped conductor portion are continuously integrated along the coil axis in the vicinity of the center. A non-contact power supply coil is disclosed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, Patent Document 1 involves burying a contactless power supply coil beneath the road surface of the pavement, and therefore has the following problems. For example, there are issues with the cost of burying the coil and the ease of maintenance due to excavation in case of failure. In addition, compared to installing the coil on the surface of the pavement, the transmission distance between the receiving coil and passing vehicles is longer, and the magnetic field is shielded by asphalt, etc., which may reduce the power transmission efficiency.

[0006] When embedding contactless power supply coils, the above-mentioned challenges exist, and therefore, installing contactless power supply coils on the surface of the pavement is also being considered. However, it is anticipated that vehicles and other vehicles will run over the contactless power supply coils installed on the road surface. Therefore, it is necessary to make the contactless power supply coils sufficiently thin so as not to hinder the smooth movement of vehicles and other vehicles. However, making the contactless power supply coils thin may reduce the power supply output, so it is necessary to compensate for this by optimizing other factors besides thickness (number of turns, width, distance between wires, etc.).

[0007] Furthermore, when installed on a road surface, a coil case is essential to protect the contactless power supply coil from damage caused by impacts and loads from vehicles driving over it. However, if the coil case is thick, the bending rigidity of the pavement and the coil case will differ, which may cause shear cracks to occur at the corners of the contact area with the pavement. Therefore, it is essential to make the coil case, including the contactless power supply coil, thinner.

[0008] This invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and aims to provide a power supply panel that can be installed on the road surface without cutting existing pavement, is durable, and is capable of contactless power supply to electric vehicles. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] (1) In order to achieve the above objective, the present invention employs the following means. Specifically, the power supply panel of the present invention is a power supply panel for contactless power supply to an electric vehicle, comprising a first layer formed of resin at the bottom, a power supply coil wound in a substantially planar manner in the middle layer, and a second layer formed of resin at the top, wherein the power supply coil is enclosed by the first and second layers.

[0010] (2) Furthermore, the power supply panel of the present invention is characterized in that its thickness is in the range of 5 mm to 10 mm.

[0011] (3) Furthermore, the power supply panel of the present invention is characterized in that the power supply coil has a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.

[0012] (4) Furthermore, the power supply panel of the present invention is characterized in that the first layer is formed of FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic).

[0013] (5) Furthermore, the power supply panel of the present invention is characterized in that the second layer has an anti-slip treatment applied to its surface.

[0014] (6) Furthermore, the pavement body of the present invention is a pavement body that provides contactless power to an electric vehicle, and is characterized by comprising a power supply panel installation section provided on the pavement surface, and a power supply panel provided on the power supply panel installation section, as described in any of (1) to (5) above.

[0015] (7) Furthermore, the pavement body of the present invention is characterized in that the power supply panel is bonded to the power supply panel installation portion with an adhesive.

[0016] (8) Furthermore, the pavement body of the present invention is characterized in that it is fitted into a power supply panel installation section formed by cutting the pavement surface.

[0017] (9) Further, the method for manufacturing the pavement of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a pavement for non-contact power supply to an electric vehicle, and includes at least a step of providing a power supply panel installation part on the pavement surface, a step of applying an adhesive to the power supply panel installation part, and a step of adhering the power supply panel according to any one of (1) to (5) above to the power supply panel installation part to which the adhesive has been applied.

[0018] (10) Further, the method for manufacturing the pavement of the present invention further includes a step of cutting the power supply panel installation part, and the power supply panel is fitted to the cut power supply panel installation part.

Effect of the Invention

[0019] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a power supply panel that can be installed on a road surface without cutting an existing pavement and has durability, and enables non-contact power supply to an electric vehicle.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] [Figure 1] It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an overview of the power supply panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a view showing an overview of the power supply coil according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] It is a flowchart showing an outline of the manufacturing method 1 of the power supply panel according to the present embodiment. [Figure 4] It is a flowchart showing an outline of the manufacturing method 2 of the power supply panel according to the present embodiment. [Figure 5] It is a flowchart showing an outline of the manufacturing method 3 of the power supply panel according to the present embodiment. [Figure 6] It is a view showing an overview of the pavement provided with the power supply panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a flowchart showing an outline of the manufacturing method of the pavement provided with the power supply panel according to the present embodiment. [Figure 8] It is a flowchart showing an outline of the manufacturing method of the pavement provided with the power supply panel according to the present embodiment. [Figure 9] It is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example in which a power cable is connected to a power supply panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] It is a schematic overview showing an example in which a power supply panel according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed on a roadway. [Figure 11] It is the simulation analysis result for the number of turns of the edgewise coil in Example 1. [Figure 12] It is the simulation analysis result for the width of the cross-section of the edgewise coil in Example 1. [Figure 13] It is the simulation analysis result for the thickness of the edgewise coil in Example 1. [Figure 14] It is the simulation analysis result for the inter-wire distance of the edgewise coil in Example 1. [Figure 15] It is the simulation analysis result for the number of turns of the edgewise coil in Example 2. [Figure 16] It is the simulation analysis result for the width of the edgewise coil in Example 2. [Figure 17] It is the simulation analysis result for the thickness of the edgewise coil in Example 2. [Figure 18] It is the simulation analysis result for the inter-wire distance of the edgewise coil in Example 2. [Figure 19] It is the comparison result between the simulation analysis result of Example 2 and the edgewise coil optimized by changing parameters based on the simulation analysis result of Example 2. [Figure 20] It is the measured result for the number of turns of the edgewise coil in Example 2. [Figure 21] It is the comparison between the measured value and the simulation analysis of the edgewise coil in Example 2.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0021] [Configuration of the Present Invention] (Configuration of the Power Supply Panel) Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an overview of a power supply panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the power supply panel 100 is composed of a laminated structure including a first layer 110, a power supply coil 120, and a second layer 130.

[0022] The first layer 110 is the lowest layer in the power supply panel 100 and therefore functions as the base for the power supply panel 100. Consequently, when the power supply panel 100 is installed on a pavement, the lower surface 112 of the first layer 110 becomes the contact surface with the pavement. The pavement on which the power supply panel 100 is installed includes not only the upper surface of a normal pavement but also the cut surface formed by cutting the pavement in the depth direction.

[0023] The first layer 110 is made of resin. In particular, it is preferable that the first layer 110 is made of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) sheet. Among these, it is preferable that the first layer 110 is made of glass epoxy (GFRP) laminate.

[0024] Because GFRP has a coefficient of linear expansion similar to that of asphalt mixture, when the power supply panel 100 is attached to a pavement made of asphalt mixture, it is possible to suppress peeling at the adhesive interface with the road surface and the occurrence of shrinkage cracks on the road surface.

[0025] Furthermore, GFRP has high strength in terms of bending strength, tensile strength, and compressive strength. This ensures that the base material has sufficient strength to prevent damage to the power supply panel 100 from impacts and loads from vehicles, such as when the tires of a moving vehicle drive over the power supply panel 100, or when the tires of a stationary vehicle remain on top of the power supply panel 100 for an extended period.

[0026] Furthermore, when the power supply panel 100 is installed on a cut surface obtained by cutting the pavement in the depth direction, the thickness of the pavement is reduced by the amount cut, which may reduce the strength of the pavement. However, as mentioned above, GFRP has high strength, so by using a GFRP laminate as the first layer 110, the reduced strength of the pavement can be compensated for.

[0027] GFRP laminates are suitable as the material for the first layer 110 because they exhibit these effects even at thin thicknesses.

[0028] The thickness of the first layer 110 is preferably 1 to 3 mm. A thickness of 1 mm or more for the first layer 110 ensures sufficient strength as a base to prevent damage to the power supply panel 100 from external influences as described above. On the other hand, a thickness of 3 mm or less for the first layer 110 contributes to the thinning of the power supply panel 100.

[0029] The width x height dimensions of the first layer 110 are determined by the width x height dimensions of the power supply coil 120 that is bonded to the upper surface 116 of the first layer 110. Since the first layer 110 encloses the power supply coil 120 by being bonded or joined to the second layer 130 at the outer periphery of their respective surfaces, it is preferable that the first layer 110 is slightly larger than the width x height dimensions of the power supply coil 120 and the same size as the second layer 130. The outer periphery of their respective surfaces refers to the surface of the first layer 110's upper surface 116 that does not form an adhesive layer 140 with the power supply coil 120, and the lower surface 132 of the second layer 130.

[0030] The shape of the first layer 110 can be any shape, such as rectangular or circular, as long as it can enclose the power supply coil 120, but it is preferable that it be the same shape as the second layer 130.

[0031] The power supply coil 120 is located between the first layer 110 and the second layer 130 in the power supply panel 100. The lower surface 122 of the power supply coil 120 is bonded to the upper surface 116 of the first layer 110 with a known adhesive or the like. That is, an adhesive layer 140 is formed at the interface between the first layer 110 and the power supply coil 120. Furthermore, the power supply coil 120 is bonded or joined at the upper surface 126 and side surface 124 of the power supply coil 120 to the concave surface 134 and inner surface 135 of the second layer 130 so that it is covered from above by the concave second layer 130. In addition, as described above, the first layer 110 is bonded or joined to the second layer 130 at the outer periphery of each other's surfaces. In other words, the lower surface 122 of the power supply coil 120 is bonded to the first layer 110, and the four sides 124 and the upper surface 126 of the power supply coil 120 are bonded or joined to the second layer 130. Thus, the power supply coil 120 is structured to be enclosed by the first layer 110 and the second layer 130.

[0032] This structure prevents the power supply coil 120 from being exposed to the outside. Therefore, the power supply coil 120 does not come into direct contact with the tires of vehicles or the pavement. Furthermore, since the first layer 110 and the second layer 130 are made of resin, they have insulating properties. Therefore, leakage of current from the power supply coil 120 to the pavement and the like can be prevented. In this way, the power supply coil 120 is protected by the first layer 110 and the second layer 130.

[0033] The power supply coil 120 is preferably an edgewise coil. An edgewise coil is a coil that is excellent in terms of surface area and thinness, etc., because it is made by winding a copper plate on a flat surface. This allows for the construction of a thin power supply coil 120, which can contribute to the thinning of the power supply panel 100. The power supply coil 120 may also be constructed from litz wire that has been flattened into a rectangle.

[0034] Figure 2 shows an overview of a power supply coil according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2(a) is a top view of the power supply coil, and Figure 2(b) is a side view of the power supply coil. As shown in Figure 2(a), the power supply coil 120 is wound in a spiral shape in a substantially rectangular shape. The shape of the power supply coil 120 may be other shapes.

[0035] As shown in Figure 2, X is the lateral length of the power supply coil 120, and Y is the vertical length of the power supply coil 120. Therefore, X × Y represents the overall size of the power supply coil 120. W is the cross-sectional width of the copper plate forming the power supply coil 120. T is the thickness of the copper plate forming the power supply coil 120. D is the inter-wire distance, which is the distance between each copper plate forming the power supply coil 120. Note that the power supply coil 120 shown in Figure 2 has 3 turns, but is not limited to this number of turns.

[0036] When an edgewise coil is used as the power supply coil 120, the size of the edgewise coil is formed in a roughly rectangular shape, for example, X×Y: 1700mm×600mm or X×Y: 1200mm×600mm. However, the size and shape of the edgewise coil are not limited to these.

[0037] The power output from the power supply panel 100 varies depending on the size, number of turns, width, thickness, and distance between wires of the power supply coil 120. Therefore, by changing these parameters, the power output can be adjusted according to the application. For example, in the case of contactless power supply while the electric vehicle is stationary, such as for private use or in a parking lot, a low power output is acceptable. On the other hand, in the case of contactless power supply while the vehicle is in motion on a road, a high power output is required. In this way, by changing the design of the parameters of the power supply coil 120 depending on the usage scenario, a power supply panel 100 that provides an appropriate power output can be installed. Note that the term "electric vehicle (EV)" is not limited to pure electric vehicles (BEV, battery electric vehicle), but also includes electrified vehicles such as plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV).

[0038] The thickness of the power supply coil 120 is preferably 0.5 to 3 mm. A thickness of 0.5 mm or more of the power supply coil 120 ensures sufficient power supply to vehicles, etc. On the other hand, a thickness of 3 mm or less of the power supply coil 120 contributes to the thinning of the power supply panel 100.

[0039] The second layer 130 is the uppermost layer of the power supply panel 100 and therefore functions as a protective layer over the top of the power supply panel 100. When the power supply panel 100 is installed on a pavement, the upper surface 136 of the second layer 130 is exposed to the outside and may come into contact with the tires of a moving or parked vehicle. The power supply panel 100 may also be embedded beneath the pavement, in which case the upper surface 136 of the second layer 130 will not be exposed to the outside.

[0040] The shape of the second layer 130 is concave. The concave second layer 130 is formed so as to cover the power supply coil 120, thereby housing the power supply coil 120 in the concave space. As described above, the power supply coil 120 can be enclosed by bonding or joining the second layer 130 and the first layer 110. Also, as described above, the upper surface 126 and side surface 124 of the power supply coil 120 housed in the concave space are bonded or joined to the concave surface 134 and inner surface 135 of the second layer 130.

[0041] The second layer 130 is made of resin. The resin may be, for example, polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), or ABS. The second layer 130 may also be made of a resin sheet such as a glass epoxy (GFRP) laminate or a fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) sheet.

[0042] The thickness of the second layer 130 is preferably 3 to 5 mm. A thickness of 3 mm or more for the second layer 130 ensures sufficient strength as an upper protective layer to prevent damage to the power supply panel 100 from impacts and loads caused by vehicles, such as when the tires of a moving vehicle drive over the power supply panel 100, or when the tires of a stationary vehicle remain on top of the power supply panel 100 for an extended period. On the other hand, a thickness of 5 mm or less for the second layer 130 contributes to the thinning of the power supply panel 100.

[0043] The width x height dimensions of the second layer 130 are determined by the width x height dimensions of the power supply coil 120, similar to the first layer 110. Since the second layer 130 encloses the power supply coil 120 by being bonded or joined to the outer periphery of each other's surfaces, it is preferable that the second layer 130 is slightly larger than the width x height dimensions of the power supply coil 120 and the same size as the first layer 110.

[0044] The shape of the second layer 130 can be any shape, such as rectangular or circular, as long as it can enclose the power supply coil 120, similar to the first layer 110, but it is preferable that it be the same shape as the first layer 110.

[0045] It is preferable that the second layer 130 is treated with an anti-slip coating. This allows the upper surface 136 of the second layer 130 to have sufficient slip resistance. For example, when the tires of a vehicle or the like drive over the power supply panel 100, the anti-slip coating applied to the surface of the second layer 130 can suppress the vehicle or the like from slipping. However, if the power supply panel 100 is embedded under the pavement, the anti-slip coating on the second layer 130 does not need to be applied.

[0046] When using resins such as polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), or ABS for the second layer 130, it is preferable to include aggregate or coarse sand. For example, it is preferable to use 3-2 mm aggregate (spread amount 2 kg / m2) and resin spread amount 1.5 kg / m2, or coarse sand (2.36-1.18 mm) 0.12 kg / m2 and resin spread amount 0.45 kg / m2. This ensures sufficient slip resistance exceeding the standard value.

[0047] On the other hand, when a resin plate such as a glass epoxy laminate (GFRP) is used for the second layer 130, it is preferable to apply a roughening treatment as an anti-slip treatment.

[0048] As shown in Figure 1(a), the power supply coil 120 and the first layer 110, the power supply coil 120 and the second layer 130, and the first layer 110 and the second layer 130 are bonded together via adhesive layers 140, 150, and 160, respectively, using a known adhesive. Note that for the bonding of the first layer 110 and the second layer 130 (adhesive layer 160), bonding or joining may be performed by methods other than adhesive, such as heat-based welding, solvent bonding, or fastening with bolts. Furthermore, for both the bonding of the power supply coil 120 and the second layer 130 (adhesive layer 150), and the bonding of the first layer 110 and the second layer 130 (adhesive layer 160), methods other than adhesive bonding may be used. For example, the resin of the second layer 130 may be poured over the power supply coil 120 and the first layer 110, which are bonded via the adhesive layer 140, thereby directly bonding the power supply coil 120 and the first layer 110 to the second layer 130, as shown in Figure 1(b).

[0049] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the thickness of the power supply panel 100 can be considered to be approximately equal to the sum of the thickness of the first layer 110 and the thickness of the second layer 130. The thickness of the power supply panel 100 is preferably 5 to 10 mm.

[0050] The power supply panel 100 has a thickness of 5 mm or more, which protects the power supply coil 120 that it encloses. On the other hand, by making the power supply panel 100 thinner, to 10 mm or less, the following effects can be obtained.

[0051] The following are some of the benefits obtained by thinning the power supply panel 100. First, since the power supply panel 100 can be installed on the top surface of the pavement, it offers better workability and maintainability compared to the buried method. Also, when the power supply panel 100 is installed on the top surface of the pavement, even if the tires of a moving vehicle drive over the power supply panel 100, it will not obstruct the movement of the vehicle. Similarly, when a panel thicker than 10 mm is installed on the pavement, the bending rigidity of the pavement and the resin that makes up the panel differs, which may cause shear cracks to occur at the corners of the contact area. However, since the thickness of the power supply panel 100 is sufficiently thin, stress concentration at the corners is reduced, and crack occurrence can be suppressed. In addition, since the power supply panel 100 is lighter due to its thinning, it is easier to transport the power supply panel 100 during construction and maintenance.

[0052] [Manufacturing method for power supply panels] (Method of manufacturing a power supply panel 1) Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of the manufacturing method 1 of the power supply panel according to this embodiment. Here, as an example, we will describe the case in which an FRP board is used as the first layer 110, an edgewise coil as the power supply coil 120, and a protective resin as the second layer 130. However, the materials are not limited to these, and the first layer 110 and the second layer 130 may be made of resin (insulating material), and the power supply coil 120 may be made of a material capable of wireless power transmission.

[0053] First, the lower surface of the edgewise coil is bonded to the upper surface of the FRP plate, which is the first layer 110, using a known adhesive (step S1). Next, the upper surface of the edgewise coil is bonded to the concave surface of the protective resin, and at the same time, the upper surface of the FRP plate, which is the first layer 110, is bonded to the lower surface of the protective resin using a known adhesive (step S2). At this time, because the thickness of the edgewise coil is sufficiently thin, the adhesive applied between the upper surface of the edgewise coil and the concave surface of the protective resin flows into the space between the side surface of the edgewise coil and the inner surface of the protective resin, and is bonded between these surfaces as well. Next, anti-slip resin beads are added to the protective resin to create an anti-slip surface (step S3). This completes the production of the power supply panel 100.

[0054] (Method for manufacturing a power supply panel 2) Next, we will describe the case where, instead of preparing a protective resin for the second layer 130, an FRP sheet is prepared. Note that the first layer 110 and the power supply coil 120 are made of the same materials as in manufacturing method 1.

[0055] Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart of the manufacturing method 2 of the power supply panel according to this embodiment. First, the lower surface of the edgewise coil is bonded to the upper surface of the FRP plate as the first layer 110 using a known adhesive (step S4). Next, the upper surface of the edgewise coil is bonded to the concave surface of the FRP plate as the second layer 130, and at the same time, the upper surface of the FRP plate as the first layer 110 is bonded to the lower surface of the FRP plate as the second layer 130 using a known adhesive (step S5). At this time, because the thickness of the edgewise coil is sufficiently thin, the adhesive applied between the upper surface of the edgewise coil and the concave surface of the FRP plate as the second layer 130 flows into the space between the side surface of the edgewise coil and the inner surface of the FRP plate as the second layer 130, and is bonded between these surfaces as well. Next, the surface of the upper surface of the FRP plate as the second layer 130 is roughened (step S6). This completes the manufacturing of the power supply panel 100.

[0056] (Method of manufacturing a power supply panel 3) Next, a method for manufacturing an integrated power supply panel by pouring the protective resin for the second layer 130 using a mold will be described. Figure 5 is a schematic flowchart of the power supply panel manufacturing method 3 according to this embodiment. Note that the first layer 110 and the power supply coil 120 are made of the same materials as in manufacturing method 1.

[0057] First, the lower surface of the edgewise coil is bonded to the upper surface of the FRP plate, which is the first layer 110, using a known adhesive (step S7). Next, a mold is set up to cover the outer circumference of the FRP plate, which is the first layer 110, and resin, which is the second layer 130, is poured from the upper surface of the edgewise coil to a predetermined height (step S8). Next, anti-slip resin beads are added to the protective resin to create an anti-slip surface (step S9). This completes the production of the power supply panel 100.

[0058] (Configuration of a pavement equipped with power supply panels) Figure 6 is a diagram showing an overview of a pavement body equipped with a power supply panel according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6(a) is a schematic diagram showing the case in which the power supply panel 100 is attached to the surface 312 of the asphalt surface layer 310. On the other hand, Figure 6(b) is a schematic diagram showing the case in which the power supply panel 100 is fitted and attached to a cut surface 314 formed by cutting the asphalt surface layer 310 in the depth direction.

[0059] In Figure 6(a), the power supply panel 100 is installed on the surface 312 of the asphalt surface layer 310, so the surface 312 becomes the power supply panel installation area. On the other hand, in Figure 6(b), the power supply panel 100 is installed on the cut surface 314 of the asphalt surface layer 310, so the cut surface 314 is the power supply panel installation area. Note that the pavement is not limited to asphalt. Also, the method of installing the power supply panel 100 on the pavement is not limited to these, and for example, it may be buried under the pavement.

[0060] As shown in Figure 6(a), the power supply panel 100 and the pavement may be bonded together by providing a leveling layer 220 on the surface 312 of the asphalt surface layer 310, and then providing an adhesive layer 210 on top of that. Thus, since the power supply panel 100 according to the present invention is designed to be thin, with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm, it can be attached to the pavement. This makes it possible to provide a pavement that is easy to install and maintain, and that enables contactless power supply to electric vehicles. Furthermore, compared to the case where it is embedded in the pavement, the transmission distance to the power receiving coil of passing vehicles is shorter, and in addition, since the magnetic field is not shielded by the asphalt, it is possible to provide a pavement that does not have a risk of reduced power transmission efficiency.

[0061] Furthermore, because the power supply panel 100 according to the present invention is thin, with a thickness of 5 to 10 mm, even if the tires of a moving vehicle or the like drive over the power supply panel 100 installed on the road surface of a paved body, it will not obstruct the movement of the vehicle or the like. In addition, a sliding surface 230 corresponding to the thickness of the power supply panel 100 may be provided on all four sides of the power supply panel 100. This allows the tires of a moving vehicle or the like to drive over the power supply panel 100 smoothly.

[0062] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 6(b), even when the power supply panel 100 is fitted and attached to a cut surface 314 formed by cutting the asphalt surface layer 310 in the depth direction, a leveling layer 220 may be provided on the cut surface 314, and then an adhesive layer 210 may be provided on top of that to bond the power supply panel 100 to the pavement.

[0063] Even when the power supply panel 100 is attached to the cutting surface 314, the cutting depth is shallow because the power supply panel 100 is thin. This improves the cost, workability, and maintainability of the power supply panel 100, and minimizes the reduction in asphalt strength due to cutting. When attaching the power supply panel 100 to the cutting surface 314, it may also be fixed from the side with resin 240, as shown in Figure 6(b).

[0064] Whether the panel is attached to the surface 312 or fitted and attached to the cut surface 314, the bending rigidity of the pavement and the resin constituting the panel are different, which may cause shear cracks to occur at the corners of the contact area. However, since the thickness of the power supply panel 100 is sufficiently thin, stress concentration at the corners is reduced, and crack occurrence can be suppressed. The same effect can be obtained even when the power supply panel 100 is embedded.

[0065] As the adhesive used to form the adhesive layer 210 that bonds the surface 312 or cut surface 314 of the asphalt surface layer 310 to the power supply panel 100, adhesives such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, etc. can be used. In particular, acrylic resin is suitable as the adhesive that constitutes the adhesive layer 210 because it has a low minimum operating temperature, a coefficient of thermal expansion closest to that of asphalt mixtures and GFRP, and excellent weather resistance. Furthermore, acrylic resin is suitable as the adhesive that constitutes the adhesive layer 210 because it also has excellent light transmittance, low-temperature curing properties, adhesion, low viscosity, and strength.

[0066] [Manufacturing method for a pavement equipped with a power supply panel] (Method of manufacturing a pavement 1) Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of the manufacturing method 1 for a pavement body equipped with a power supply panel according to this embodiment. First, a power supply panel installation area is provided on the pavement surface (step S10). Next, adhesive is applied to the power supply panel installation area (step S11). Next, the power supply panel 100 is bonded to the power supply panel installation area to which the adhesive has been applied (step S12). This manufactures a pavement body equipped with a power supply panel 100.

[0067] (Method of manufacturing the pavement 2) Figure 8 is a schematic flowchart of the manufacturing method 2 for a pavement body equipped with a power supply panel according to this embodiment. First, a power supply panel installation area is provided on the pavement surface (step S13). Next, the power supply panel installation area is cut (step S14). Next, adhesive is applied to the cut power supply panel installation area (step S15). Next, the power supply panel 100 is fitted into the cut power supply panel installation area and bonded (step S16). This manufactures a pavement body equipped with a power supply panel 100.

[0068] [Embodiment using a power supply panel] Figure 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a power supply panel according to an embodiment of the present invention with a power cable connected. As shown in Figure 9, the power supply coil 120 is connected to a power cable 127 that is pulled in from below the power supply panel 100. It is preferable that the bent portion of the power cable 127 is protected by a connection protection housing 128. Although Figure 9 only shows the case where the power cable 127 is connected to the power supply panel 100 shown in Figure 1(a), the present invention is not limited to such a power supply panel, and the power cable 127 may be connected to, for example, the power supply panel 100 shown in Figure 1(b).

[0069] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a power supply panel according to an embodiment of the present invention installed on a roadway. As shown in Figure 10, the power supply panel 100 is supplied with power via a power cable 127 from an externally installed junction box 410 or the like. As a result, current from the power supply flows to the power supply coil 120, generating a magnetic field in the power supply coil 120. The power supply coil 120 can then supply power to a vehicle or the like equipped with a power receiving coil by the principle of electromagnetic induction. In Figure 10, the power supply panel 100 is installed on the road surface, but the same applies when it is installed on a cut surface 314 formed by cutting the asphalt surface layer 310 in the depth direction, or when it is buried.

[0070] In this way, by installing the power supply panel 100 on the pavement, a receiving coil installed on an electric vehicle or the like passing over the power supply panel 100 can receive a magnetic field from the power supply panel 100. The magnetic field received by the receiving coil is then converted back into an electric current, and power is supplied to the electric vehicle.

[0071] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 10, when the power supply panel 100 is mounted on the road surface, it is easily recognized by the camera mounted on the autonomous vehicle. Therefore, it may be used as a landmark to guide autonomous driving.

[0072] Although not shown in the diagram, the power supply panel 100 can also be installed in the same way on paved surfaces in areas other than roadways, such as parking lots.

[0073] [Evaluation of Edgewise Coil] Evaluations were conducted on power supply panels 100 using edgewise coils measuring 1700mm x 600mm and 1200mm x 600mm as power supply coils 120. The power supply panels 100 were evaluated using resistance and Q value as indicators. The case using the 1700mm x 600mm edgewise coil was designated as Example 1, and the case using the 1200mm x 600mm edgewise coil was designated as Example 2. Note that the length direction does not need to be the horizontal direction, so either side can be designated as the horizontal or vertical.

[0074] For the edgewise coils of Example 1 and Example 2, the changes in resistance and Q value were measured when each parameter (number of turns, cross-sectional width, thickness, and wire-to-wire distance) was varied. The Q value is a parameter that represents the quality of the inductor, and Q is an abbreviation for Quality Factor. The Q value is the reciprocal of the loss, and a high Q value means that the loss is low and the inductor has excellent characteristics as a high-frequency inductor. Details of each parameter (number of turns, cross-sectional width, thickness, and wire-to-wire distance) of the edgewise coil are shown in Figure 2. The basic parameters of Example 1 are 10 turns, a cross-sectional width of 15 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, and a wire-to-wire distance of 5 mm. On the other hand, in Example 2, the thickness was set to 0.5 mm, taking into account the skin effect of the copper plate.

[0075] [Simulation analysis of edgewise coils] (Example 1) Figure 11 shows the simulation analysis results for the number of turns of the edgewise coil in Example 1. Figure 11(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of turns and the resistance value, and Figure 11(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of turns and the Q value. In addition, in order to verify the effect of asphalt on the resistance and Q value of the edgewise coil, simulations were performed under conditions without asphalt and on asphalt. Graph (1) shows the results under the condition without asphalt, and graph (2) shows the results under the condition on asphalt. Similar simulations were performed under the same conditions for Figures 12-18 and Figure 20, but since the same explanation would be repeated, this explanation is omitted from Figure 12 onwards.

[0076] As shown in Figure 11(a), the resistance value increases with each turn, and is increased by about 5% due to the asphalt. Also, as shown in Figure 11(b), the Q value reached a maximum of 342 at 10 turns. The influence of the asphalt is about 15%. The change between 5 and 10 turns is small. The change at 12 turns is thought to have occurred because the distance between the centers decreased. Based on these analysis results, the optimal number of turns is determined to be 10 turns.

[0077] Figure 12 shows the simulation analysis results for the cross-sectional width of the edgewise coil of Example 1. Figure 12(a) is a graph showing the relationship between width and resistance, and Figure 12(b) is a graph showing the relationship between width and Q value.

[0078] As shown in Figure 12(a), the resistance value only increases at 18 mm, with small changes at other widths. This is thought to be largely due to the reduced distance between lines. The influence of asphalt is particularly large at 31.0% when the width is 8 mm. The influence at other widths was small, around 10 mm. The influence from asphalt was 34% at 8 mm and around 20% at other widths. Also, as shown in Figure 12(b), the maximum Q value at this time was 407 at a width of 10 mm, which was the highest value throughout the analysis of Example 1. From these analysis results, the optimal cross-sectional width was determined to be 10 mm.

[0079] Figure 13 shows the simulation analysis results for the thickness of the edgewise coil in Example 1. Figure 13(a) is a graph showing the relationship between thickness and resistance, and Figure 13(b) is a graph showing the relationship between thickness and Q value.

[0080] As shown in Figure 13(a), the resistance value decreased as the thickness increased, but the change was small beyond 2 mm. The influence from the asphalt increased as the thickness increased, changing by approximately 0.3 to 11%. Also, as shown in Figure 13(b), the maximum Q value at this time was 363 at a thickness of 5 mm. The optimal thickness was determined to be 2 mm, where the change was smallest.

[0081] Figure 14 shows the simulation analysis results for the inter-wire distance of the edgewise coil in Example 1. Figure 14(a) is a graph showing the relationship between inter-wire distance and resistance, and Figure 14(b) is a graph showing the relationship between inter-wire distance and Q value.

[0082] As shown in Figure 14(a), the resistance value for the distance between lines decreased significantly between 1 and 5 mm, and the change was small between 5 and 10 mm. The influence from the asphalt was extremely small, about 2%. Also, as shown in Figure 14(b), the change in the Q value became smaller after the distance between lines was 5 mm, and the influence from the asphalt was about 15-20%. The maximum Q value was 344 when the distance between lines was 8 mm. Based on these analysis results, the optimal distance between lines was determined to be 8 mm.

[0083] (Example 2) Figure 15 shows the simulation analysis results for the number of turns of the edgewise coil in Example 2. Figure 15(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of turns and the resistance value, and Figure 15(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of turns and the Q value.

[0084] As shown in Figure 15(a), the resistance value increases with increasing number of turns. Also, as shown in Figure 15(b), the Q value reached its maximum of 173 when the number of turns was 10. The influence from asphalt was high, at about 20%. Based on these analysis results, the optimal number of turns was determined to be 10.

[0085] Figure 16 shows the simulation analysis results for the width of the edgewise coil in Example 2. Figure 16(a) is a graph showing the relationship between width and resistance, and Figure 16(b) is a graph showing the relationship between width and Q value.

[0086] As shown in Figure 16(a), the resistance value was minimized at 15 mm. The Q value was maximized at 228 when the number of turns was 5 mm. Based on the above analysis results, the optimal width was determined to be 5 mm.

[0087] Figure 17 shows the simulation analysis results for the thickness of the edgewise coil in Example 2. Figure 17(a) is a graph showing the relationship between thickness and resistance, and Figure 17(b) is a graph showing the relationship between thickness and Q value.

[0088] As shown in Figure 17(b), the Q value was highest at 188 with a thickness of 5 mm. This trend differs significantly from that of Example 1. Considering the skin effect of copper, the optimal thickness was determined to be 0.5 mm.

[0089] Figure 18 shows the simulation analysis results for the inter-wire distance of the edgewise coil in Example 2. Figure 18(a) is a graph showing the relationship between inter-wire distance and resistance, and Figure 18(b) is a graph showing the relationship between inter-wire distance and Q value.

[0090] As shown in Figures 18(a) and 18(b), both the resistance and Q values ​​showed little change, and the influence from the asphalt was low, at about 5%. The optimal line spacing was set at 3 mm.

[0091] [Optimization of edgewise coils] Figure 19 shows a comparison between the simulation analysis results of Example 2 and the edgewise coil optimized by changing the parameters based on the simulation analysis results of Example 2. Based on the analysis results of Example 2, the combination of parameters that yielded the highest Q value was used to create the optimized edgewise coil (hereinafter referred to as Optimization 1). The Q value at this time was 213, and the width was slightly less than 5 mm. From this, it can be concluded that in an edgewise coil, changing one parameter changes the optimal value of other parameters.

[0092] Next, based on the edgewise coil with a width of 5 mm, which had the highest Q value as shown in the simulation analysis results of Example 2, the inter-wire distance and number of turns were optimized again (hereinafter referred to as Optimization 2). In Optimization 2, as shown in Figure 19, the Q value increased by 67.6% compared to the original coil.

[0093] [Comparison and verification of simulation analysis results and actual measurement results] Next, we will explain the experimental measurement method. An edgewise coil was fabricated and measurements were taken. In the experiment, copper plates were glued from the outside, and measurements were taken after each turn of the copper plate. Copper plates and copper tape were used for fabrication. The resistance, inductance, and Q value were measured. Two types of measurements were performed: one on polystyrene foam under conditions similar to air, and another on asphalt on an actual road.

[0094] Figure 20 shows the measured results for the number of turns of the edgewise coil in Example 2. Figure 20(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of turns and the resistance value, and Figure 20(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of turns and the Q value.

[0095] As shown in Figure 20, the resistance and Q-value increased with increasing turn count. Additionally, the asphalt had an influence of approximately 10% on both the resistance and Q-value. The maximum Q-value was 101 with 10 turns.

[0096] Next, the simulation analysis was performed for 1 to 10 turns. Similar to the actual measurements, the resistance and Q values ​​increased. Furthermore, the influence from the asphalt was small, about 1%, for 1 to 6 turns.

[0097] Figure 21 shows a comparison of measured values ​​and simulation analysis results for the edgewise coil of Example 2. Figure 21(a) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of turns and the resistance value, and Figure 21(b) is a graph showing the relationship between the number of turns and the Q value. Note that graph (1) represents measured values, and graph (2) represents simulation analysis values.

[0098] Figures 21(a) and 21(b) show that the trends in resistance and Q values ​​were consistent, demonstrating the accuracy of the simulation analysis. The measured resistance value was approximately twice that of the simulation analysis, which is thought to be largely due to the use of copper tape for adhesion.

[0099] [Conclusion of the evaluation of edgewise coils] In Example 1, the influence of the number of turns, the distance between wires, and the width of the cross-section was particularly significant. In Example 2, the influence of the distance between wires decreased, and the optimal values ​​for the parameters changed compared to Example 1. Based on this, by optimizing the number of turns and width in Example 2, the Q value increased from 173 to 290, a 67.6% improvement.

[0100] In the actual measurements, the accuracy of the analysis was demonstrated by comparing the results with those of the analysis. Furthermore, it was found that the edgewise coil was minimally affected by the ground. In addition, the maximum Q value obtained in the actual measurements was 102. These experimental results demonstrate the possibility of installing edgewise coils on road surfaces. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0101] 100 Power Supply Panels 110 1st layer 112 Bottom surface 116 Top surface 120 Power supply coil 122 Bottom surface 124 Side view 126 Top 127 Power Cable 128 Connection Port Protection Housing 130 2nd layer 132 Bottom surface 134 Concave 135 Inner self 136 Top surface 140 Adhesive layer 150 Adhesive layer 160 Adhesive layer 210 Adhesive layer 220 Leveling Layers 230 Rubbing 240 resin 310 Asphalt surface 312 Surface 314 Cutting surface 320 base layer 330 upper layer 340 Lower layer 410 Junction Box

Claims

1. A power supply panel for contactless power supply to electric vehicles, The bottom layer is the first layer formed by resin, A power supply coil wound in a substantially planar manner in the intermediate layer, It comprises a second layer formed of resin at the top layer, The power supply panel is characterized in that the power supply coil is enclosed by the first layer and the second layer.

2. The power supply panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply panel has a thickness in the range of 5 mm to 10 mm.

3. The power supply panel according to claim 2, characterized in that the power supply coil has a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm.

4. The power supply panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the first layer is formed of FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic).

5. The power supply panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the second layer has an anti-slip treatment applied to its surface.

6. A pavement that provides contactless power supply to electric vehicles, A power supply panel installation section provided on the paved surface, The power supply panel installation section is provided, A pavement comprising a power supply panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The power supply panel is bonded to the power supply panel installation portion with an adhesive, as described in claim 6.

8. The power supply panel is fitted into the power supply panel installation portion formed by cutting the pavement surface, as described in claim 7.

9. A method for manufacturing a pavement body that provides contactless power to an electric vehicle, The process of installing a power supply panel on the paved surface, The steps include applying adhesive to the power supply panel installation area, A method for manufacturing a pavement, comprising at least the step of adhering a power supply panel according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to the power supply panel installation portion to which the adhesive has been applied.

10. The process further includes cutting the power supply panel installation portion, The method for manufacturing a pavement according to claim 9, wherein the power supply panel is fitted into the cut-out power supply panel installation portion.

Images