Apparatus and method for transmitting or receiving data in a wireless power transmission system

Abstract

To provide an apparatus and method for transmitting or receiving data in a wireless power transmission system. [Solution] The device includes a power pickup circuit configured to receive radio power generated based on magnetic coupling from a radio power transmitter during the power transmission stage, and a communication and control circuit configured to transmit configuration packets containing first dual data stream information to the radio power transmitter, or to receive capability packets containing second dual data stream information from the radio power transmitter. By clearly recognizing the possibility of bidirectional transmission of higher-level data between the radio power transmitter and the radio power receiver, higher-level data can be effectively exchanged, and by synchronizing the timing of power loss calculations between the radio power transmitter and the receiver, accuracy of power loss and saving of processing resources can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wireless power transmission system, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for transmitting or receiving data.

Background Art

[0002] The contactless wireless charging method is an energy transmission method that removes wires and transmits energy electromagnetically from the method of transmitting energy through existing wires and using it as the power source of an electronic device. There are electromagnetic induction methods and resonance methods in the contactless wireless transmission method. The electromagnetic induction method is a method of transmitting power by generating a magnetic field through a power transmission coil (primary coil) in a power transmission unit and positioning a receiving coil (secondary coil) at a position where a current can be induced. The resonance method transmits energy by utilizing the resonance phenomenon between the transmission coil and the receiving coil. However, the resonance mode energy coupling between the coils is used by configuring the system so that the resonance frequencies of the primary coil and the secondary coil are the same.

[0003] The wireless power transmission system can have an exchange function for messages in the application layer to support expansion into various application fields. Based on such a function, information related to device authentication or other application-level information can be transmitted and received between the wireless power transmission device and the receiving device. Since the upper-layer messages are exchanged between the wireless power transmission device and the receiving device in this way, a separate hierarchical architecture for data transmission can be configured. A protocol is required that can effectively exchange such upper-layer messages or upper-layer data.

[0004] On the other hand, wireless power transmission systems support power loss-based foreign object detection (FOD). However, if the timing of when the wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver measure transmitted and received power are not synchronized, it becomes difficult to calculate accurate power loss. Furthermore, from the perspective of the wireless power transmitter, it is difficult to accurately predict when it will receive received power packets from the wireless power receiver, so it must calculate the transmitted power cumulatively for each offset. This results in wasting the processing resources of the wireless power transmitter. Therefore, a method is required to synchronize the timing of power loss calculation between the wireless power transmitter and receiver. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] The technical problem of the present invention is to provide a wireless power transmitting device and method, and a wireless power receiving device and method, that transmit information indicating whether or not bidirectional transmission of higher-level data is supported.

[0006] Another technical problem of the present invention is to provide a wireless power transmission device and method, and a wireless power receiving device and method, for receiving information indicating whether or not bidirectional transmission of higher-level data is supported.

[0007] Another technical problem of the present invention is to provide a wireless power receiving device and method for transmitting packets that synchronize the timing of calculating power loss.

[0008] Another technical problem of the present invention is to provide a wireless power transmission device and method for receiving packets that synchronize the timing of calculating power loss. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, a wireless power receiver is provided, comprising: a power pickup circuit configured to receive wireless power generated based on magnetic coupling from a wireless power transmitter during the power transfer phase; and a communication / control circuit configured to transmit to the wireless power transmitter a configuration packet containing a first dual data stream information indicating whether simultaneous support of an outgoing data stream output to the wireless power transmitter and an incoming data stream input from the wireless power transmitter is possible; and the wireless power transmitter receives from the wireless power receiver a capability packet containing a second dual data stream information indicating whether simultaneous support of an outgoing data stream output from the wireless power transmitter to the wireless power receiver and an incoming data stream input from the wireless power receiver to the wireless power transmitter is possible.

[0010] In one aspect, if the first dual data stream information indicates simultaneous support and the second dual data stream information indicates simultaneous support, the communication / control circuit is configured to transmit the first data stream to the wireless power transmitter and simultaneously receive the second data stream from the wireless power transmitter.

[0011] In other respects, if at least one of the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information does not indicate the simultaneous support, the communication / control circuit is configured to open only one of the first data stream to the wireless power transmitter or the second data stream from the wireless power transmitter.

[0012] In other aspects, the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information are each 1 bit, indicating whether simultaneous support is enabled or disabled.

[0013] In other aspects, the communication / control circuit transmits a timing packet to the wireless power transmitter that instructs the start of a window (t_window) that provides a time interval for calculating the received wireless power.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, a wireless power transmitter is provided, comprising a power conversion circuit configured to transmit wireless power generated based on magnetic coupling to a wireless power receiver in the power transfer phase, and a communication / control circuit configured to transmit to the wireless power receiver a capability packet containing a first dual data stream information indicating whether simultaneous support of an outgoing data stream and an incoming data stream from the wireless power receiver is possible, and to receive from the wireless power receiver a configuration packet containing a second dual data stream information indicating whether simultaneous support of an outgoing data stream and an incoming data stream from the wireless power receiver is possible.

[0015] In one aspect, if the first dual data stream information indicates simultaneous support and the second dual data stream information indicates simultaneous support, the communication / control circuit is configured to transmit the first data stream to the wireless power receiver and simultaneously receive the second data stream from the wireless power receiver.

[0016] In other aspects, if at least one of the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information does not indicate the simultaneous support, the communication / control circuit is configured to open only one of the first data stream to the wireless power receiver or the second data stream from the wireless power receiver.

[0017] In other aspects, the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information are each 1 bit, indicating whether simultaneous support is enabled or disabled.

[0018] In other aspects, the communication / control circuit receives a timing packet from the radio power receiver that instructs the start of a window (t_window) that provides a time interval for calculating the transmitted radio power. [Effects of the Invention]

[0019] By clearly recognizing the possibility of bidirectional transmission of higher-level data between the wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver, higher-level data can be exchanged effectively. Furthermore, by synchronizing the timing of power loss calculations between the wireless power transmitter and receiver, accuracy of power loss and savings of processing resources can be achieved. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0020] [Figure 1] This is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to another embodiment. [Figure 3a] This document illustrates various examples of electronic devices that incorporate wireless power transmission systems. [Figure 3b] An example of WPC NDEF in a wireless power transmission system is shown. [Figure 4a] It is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment. [Figure 4b] An example of a Bluetooth (registered trademark) communication architecture to which the present invention can be applied is shown. [Figure 4c] It is a block diagram showing a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to an example. [Figure 4d] It is a block diagram showing a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication according to another example. [Figure 5] It is a state transition diagram for explaining a wireless power transmission procedure. [Figure 6] A power control method according to an embodiment is shown. [Figure 7] It is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission device according to another embodiment. [Figure 8] A wireless power receiving device according to another embodiment is shown. [Figure 9] A communication frame structure according to an embodiment is shown. [Figure 10] It is a structure of a sink pattern according to an embodiment. [Figure 11] The operating states of a wireless power transmission device and a wireless power receiving device in a shared mode according to an embodiment are shown. [Figure 12] An application-level data stream between a wireless power transmission device and a receiving device according to an example is shown. [Figure 13] A hierarchical architecture for transmitting a data stream between a wireless power transmission device and a wireless power receiving device according to an example is shown. [Figure 14] It is a flowchart showing a method for transmitting a data stream according to an example. [Figure 15] It is a configuration packet including dual data stream information according to an example. [Figure 16] It is a capability packet including dual data stream information according to an example. [Figure 17] The timing at which a wireless power receiving device calculates received power according to an example is shown. [Figure 18] This shows the timing at which a wireless power transmitter calculates its transmission power, as an example. [Figure 19] This shows an example of how to operate timing packets. [Figure 20] An example of a timing packet is shown. [Figure 21] The timing packets related to other examples are shown. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0021] In this specification, technical features described individually within a single drawing may be embodied individually or simultaneously. The term “wireless power” as used below refers to any form of energy associated with electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields transmitted from a wireless power transmitter to a wireless power receiver without the use of physical electromagnetic conductors. Wireless power, also known as a wireless power signal, can mean an oscillating magnetic flux enclosed by a primary and secondary coil. For example, power conversion in a system for wirelessly charging devices including mobile phones, cordless phones, iPods®, MP3 players, and headsets is described here. Generally, the basic principles of wireless power transmission include, for example, methods of transmitting power via magnetic coupling, radio frequency (RF), microwaves, and ultrasound.

[0022] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a wireless power system 10 according to one embodiment.

[0023] Referring to Figure 1, the wireless power system 10 includes a wireless power transmitter 100 and a wireless power receiver 200.

[0024] The wireless power transmitter 100 generates a magnetic field by receiving power from an external power source (S). The wireless power receiver 200 receives power wirelessly by generating an electric current using the generated magnetic field.

[0025] Furthermore, in the wireless power system 10, the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 can send and receive various information necessary for wireless power transmission. Here, communication between the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 can be performed by either in-band communication, which utilizes the magnetic field used for wireless power transmission, or out-band communication, which utilizes a separate communication carrier. Out-band communication is also called out-of-band communication. Hereafter, the term out-band communication will be used consistently. Examples of out-band communication include NFC, Bluetooth (registered trademark), and BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy).

[0026] Here, the wireless power transmitter 100 can be provided in a fixed or mobile form. Examples of fixed forms include being embedded in the ceiling or wall or furniture such as a table indoors, being implanted outdoors in a parking lot, bus stop or subway station, or being installed on a means of transport such as a vehicle or train. A mobile wireless power transmitter 100 can be embodied as a mobile device of a movable weight and size, or as part of another device, such as a notebook computer cover.

[0027] Furthermore, the wireless power receiving device 200 must be interpreted as a comprehensive concept that includes various electronic devices equipped with batteries and various home appliances that are powered wirelessly instead of using power cables. Typical examples of wireless power receiving devices 200 include portable terminals, cellular phones, smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable media players (PMPs), Wibro terminals, tablets, phablets, notebooks, digital cameras, navigation terminals, televisions, and electric vehicles (EVs).

[0028] In the wireless power system 10, there may be one or more wireless power receivers 200. In Figure 1, the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 are shown to exchange power on a one-to-one basis, but as shown in Figure 2, it is also possible for one wireless power transmitter 100 to transmit power to multiple wireless power receivers 200-1, 200-2, ..., 200-M. In particular, when wireless power transmission is performed using a magnetic resonance method, one wireless power transmitter 100 can transmit power to multiple wireless power receivers 200-1, 200-2, ..., 200-M simultaneously by applying a simultaneous transmission method or a time-division transmission method.

[0029] Furthermore, although Figure 1 shows a method in which the wireless power transmitter 100 directly transmits power to the wireless power receiver 200, a separate wireless power transceiver or repeater may be provided between the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 to increase the wireless power transmission distance. In this case, power is transmitted from the wireless power transmitter 100 to the wireless power transceiver, and the wireless power transceiver can then transmit power back to the wireless power receiver 200.

[0030] Hereinafter, the terms "wireless power receiver," "power receiver," and "receiver" as used herein refer to the wireless power receiving device 200. Similarly, the terms "wireless power transmitter," "power transmitter," and "transmitter" as used herein refer to the wireless power receiving and transmitting device 100.

[0031] Figure 3 shows various examples of electronic devices into which a wireless power transmission system is implemented.

[0032] Figure 3 shows a classification of electronic devices based on the amount of power transmitted and received by the wireless power transmission system. Referring to Figure 3, low-power (approximately 5W or less or approximately 20W or less) wireless charging methods can be applied to wearable devices such as smart watches, smart glasses, HMDs (Head Mounted Displays), and smart rings, as well as mobile electronic devices (or portable electronic devices) such as earphones, remote controls, smartphones, PDAs, and tablet PCs.

[0033] Medium- and small-sized home appliances such as notebooks, robotic vacuum cleaners, TVs, audio equipment, and monitors can be charged using a medium-power (approximately 50W or less or approximately 200W or less) wireless charging method. Kitchen appliances such as blenders, microwave ovens, and electric rice cookers, as well as personal mobility devices (or electronic devices / means of transportation) such as wheelchairs, electric scooters, electric bicycles, and electric vehicles, can be charged using a high-power (approximately 2kW or less or 22kW or less) wireless charging method.

[0034] The aforementioned electronic devices / mobile devices (or those shown in Figure 1) may each include a wireless power receiver, which will be described later. Therefore, the aforementioned electronic devices / mobile devices can be charged by receiving power wirelessly from a wireless power transmitter.

[0035] The following description will focus on mobile devices to which wireless power charging is applied, but this is merely an example, and the wireless charging method described herein can be applied to the various electronic devices mentioned above.

[0036] Standards for wireless power transmission include those of the WPC (Wireless Power Consortium), AFA (Air Fuel Alliance), and PMA (Power Matters Alliance).

[0037] The WPC standard defines a baseline power profile (BPP) and an extended power profile (EPP). The BPP pertains to wireless power transmitters and receivers that support 5W of power transmission, while the EPP pertains to wireless power transmitters and receivers that support power transmission in the range of greater than 5W and less than 30W.

[0038] A variety of wireless power transmitters and receivers using different power levels are covered by each standard and can be classified into different power classes or categories.

[0039] For example, WPC classifies wireless power transmitters and receivers into power class (PC)-1, PC0, PC1, and PC2, and provides standard documentation for each PC. The PC-1 standard concerns wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide guaranteed power of less than 5W. Applications of PC-1 include wearable devices such as smartwatches.

[0040] The PC0 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide a guaranteed power of 5W. The PC0 standard includes EPP, which provides a guaranteed power of up to 30W. In-band (IB) communication is the mandatory communication protocol for PC0, and out-band (OB) communication can also be used as an optional backup channel. Wireless power receivers can identify whether they support OB by setting an OB flag in a configuration packet. Wireless power transmitters that support OB can enter the OB handover phase by sending a bit pattern for OB handover in response to the configuration packet. The response to the configuration packet is NAK, ND, or a newly defined 8-bit pattern. PC0 applications include smartphones.

[0041] The PC1 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers providing guaranteed power of 30W to 150W. OB is the essential communication channel for PC1, and IB is used for initialization and link establishment to OB. The wireless power transmitter can enter the OB handover phase using a bit pattern for OB handover in response to a configuration packet. PC1 applications include laptops and power tools.

[0042] The PC2 standard relates to wireless power transmitters and receivers that provide guaranteed power of 200W to 2kW, and its applications include kitchen appliances.

[0043] In this way, PCs can be distinguished by their power levels, and supporting compatibility between the same PCs is either optional or mandatory. Here, compatibility between the same PCs means that power can be transmitted and received between the same PCs. For example, if a wireless power transmitter, which is PCx, can charge a wireless power receiver that has the same PCx, then compatibility between the same PCs can be maintained. Similarly, compatibility between different PCs can also be supported. Here, compatibility between different PCs means that power can be transmitted and received between different PCs. For example, if a wireless power transmitter, which is PCx, can charge a wireless power receiver that has PCy, then compatibility between different PCs can be maintained.

[0044] Supporting PC compatibility is a crucial issue from both a user experience and infrastructure construction perspective. However, maintaining PC compatibility presents numerous technical challenges, as outlined below.

[0045] In the case of compatibility between devices of the same PC type, for example, a laptop-charging wireless power receiver, which can only reliably charge when power is transmitted continuously, will have problems receiving a stable power supply from a wireless power transmitter of the same PC type, even if the transmitter is of the same PC type, when the transmitter uses an electric tool type that transmits power discontinuously. Also, in the case of compatibility between devices of different PC types, for example, if a wireless power transmitter with a minimum guaranteed power of 200W transmits power to a wireless power receiver with a maximum guaranteed power of 5W, there is a risk of the receiver being damaged due to overvoltage. As a result, PCs are difficult to define as a representative / indicating indicator / standard for compatibility.

[0046] Wireless power transmitters and receivers can provide a considerably convenient user experience and interface (UX / UI). Specifically, a smart wireless charging service can be provided. This smart wireless charging service can be implemented based on the UX / UI of a smartphone, including the wireless power transmitter. For such applications, the interface between the smartphone's processor and the wireless charging receiver allows for "drop-and-play" bidirectional communication between the wireless power transmitter and receiver.

[0047] As an example, a user can experience a smart wireless charging service at a hotel. When the user enters their hotel room and places their smartphone on the room's wireless charger, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, or detects that it has received wireless power, or when the smartphone receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state where it asks the user to consent to additional features (opt-in). To this end, the smartphone can display a message on the screen, with or without an alarm. An example message may include text such as, "Welcome to ### hotel. Select "Yes" to activate smart charging functions: Yes | No Thanks." The smartphone receives the user's input to select Yes or No Thanks and performs the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the relevant information to the wireless charger. Then, the smartphone and wireless charger work together to perform the smart charging function.

[0048] Furthermore, smart wireless charging services may include those that receive Wi-Fi credentials automatically. For example, a wireless charger could send Wi-Fi credentials to a smartphone, and the smartphone could automatically fill in the Wi-Fi credentials received from the wireless charger by running the appropriate app.

[0049] Furthermore, smart wireless charging services may include running hotel applications that offer hotel promotions, or that retrieve remote check-in / check-out and contact information.

[0050] As another example, a user can experience a smart wireless charging service in a vehicle. When a user gets into the vehicle and places their smartphone on a wireless charger, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information about the smart wireless charging service to the smartphone. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, or detects that it has received wireless power, or when the smartphone receives information about the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state where it requests identity verification from the user.

[0051] In this state, the smartphone automatically connects to the car via Wi-Fi and / or Bluetooth. The smartphone can display messages on its screen, with or without alarms. An example message could include text such as, "Welcome to your car. Select "Yes" to synchronize device with in-car controls: Yes|No Thanks." The smartphone receives user input to select Yes or No Thanks and then performs the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone sends the corresponding information to the wireless charger. The smartphone and wireless charger can then work together to perform smart control functions in the vehicle by driving the in-vehicle application / display software. The user can enjoy their desired music and check their official map location. The in-vehicle application / display software may include the ability to provide synchronized proximity for pedestrians.

[0052] As another example, a user can experience smart wireless charging in their home. When a user enters a room and places their smartphone on the wireless charger, the wireless charger transmits wireless power to the smartphone, and the smartphone receives the wireless power. In this process, the wireless charger transmits information to the smartphone regarding the smart wireless charging service. When the smartphone detects that it is located on the wireless charger, or detects that it has received wireless power, or when the smartphone receives information regarding the smart wireless charging service from the wireless charger, the smartphone enters a state where it asks the user to consent to additional features (opt-in). To this end, the smartphone can display a message on the screen, with or without an alarm. An example message may include text such as, "Hi xxx, Would you like to activate night mode and secure the building?: Yes|No Thanks." The smartphone receives input from the user to select Yes or No Thanks and performs the next step selected by the user. If Yes is selected, the smartphone transmits the relevant information to the wireless charger. The smartphone and wireless charger can recognize at least the user's patterns and encourage the user to lock doors and windows, turn off power, or set alarms.

[0053] Below, we define a new 'profile' as an indicator / criterion representing / indicating compatibility. That is, it can be interpreted that compatible and stable power transmission / reception are possible between wireless power transceivers having the same 'profile', while power transmission / reception is not possible between wireless power transceivers having different 'profiles'. Profiles can be defined by compatibility and / or application, regardless of (or independently of) power class.

[0054] The profiles can be broadly divided into three categories: i) mobile devices and computers, ii) power tools, and iii) kitchens.

[0055] Alternatively, the profiles can be broadly divided into four categories: i) mobile, ii) power tools, iii) kitchen, and iv) wearable.

[0056] For the 'Mobile' profile, the PC can be defined as PC0 and / or PC1, the communication protocol / method as IB and OB, and the operating frequency as 87-205kHz. Examples of applications include smartphones and laptops.

[0057] For the 'Power Tools' profile, the PC can be defined as PC1, the communication protocol / method as IB, and the operating frequency as 87-145kHz. Examples of applications can include power tools.

[0058] For the 'Kitchen' profile, the PC can be defined as PC2, the communication protocol / method as NFC-based, and the operating frequency as less than 100kHz. Examples of applications can include kitchen / home appliances.

[0059] For power tools and kitchen profiles, NFC communication can be used between the wireless power transmitter and receiver. The wireless power transmitter and receiver can confirm that they are NFC devices by exchanging WPC NDEF (NFC Data Exchange Profile Format). For example, as shown in Figure 3b, WPC NDEF can include an application profile field (e.g., 1B), a version field (e.g., 1B), and profile specific data (e.g., 1B). The application profile field indicates whether the device is i) mobile and computer, ii) power tool, or iii) kitchen; the upper nibble of the version field indicates the major version; and the lower nibble indicates the minor version. The profile specific data defines the content for the kitchen.

[0060] For the 'wearable' profile, the PC can be defined as PC-1, the communication protocol / method as IB, and the operating frequency as 87-205kHz. Examples of applications include wearable devices worn on the user's body.

[0061] Maintaining compatibility between profiles of the same type is mandatory, while maintaining compatibility between different profiles is optional.

[0062] The aforementioned profiles (mobile profile, power tool profile, kitchen profile, and wearable profile) can be generalized and expressed in the first to nth profiles, and new profiles can be added / replaced by WPC standards and embodiments.

[0063] When profiles are defined in this way, wireless power transmitters can selectively transmit power only to wireless power receivers with the same profile, resulting in more stable power transmission. Furthermore, the burden on the wireless power transmitter is reduced, and it will not attempt to transmit power to incompatible wireless power receivers, thus reducing the risk of damage to the wireless power receiver.

[0064] In the 'Mobile' profile, PC1 can be defined by borrowing selective extensions like OB based on PC0, while in the case of the 'Power Tools' profile, PC1 can be defined as simply a modified version of the 'Mobile' profile. Furthermore, while currently defined to maintain compatibility between the same profiles, the technology may evolve in the future to maintain compatibility between different profiles. Wireless power transmitters or receivers can communicate their profile to others through various methods.

[0065] The AFA standard refers to a wireless power transmitter as a PTU (power transmitting circuit) and a wireless power receiver as a PRU (power receiving circuit). PTUs are classified into numerous classes as shown in Table 1, and PRUs are classified into numerous categories as shown in Table 2.

[0066] [Table 1]

[0067] [Table 2]

[0068] As shown in Table 1, the maximum power output performance (capability) of a Class n PTU is the P for the corresponding class. TX_IN_MAX The value is greater than or equal to the specified power. A PRU cannot draw a power greater than the specified power in the relevant category.

[0069] Figure 4a is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission system according to another embodiment.

[0070] Referring to Figure 4a, the wireless power transmission system 10 includes a mobile device 450 that receives power wirelessly and a base station 400 that transmits power wirelessly.

[0071] The base station 400 is a device that provides inductive or resonant power and may include at least one power transmitter 100 and a system circuit 405. The power transmitter 100 can transmit and control the transmission of inductive or resonant power. The power transmitter 100 may include a power conversion circuit 110 that converts electrical energy into a power signal by generating a magnetic field through primary coils, and a communications and control circuit 120 that controls communication with and power transmission to the power receiver 200 to transmit power at an appropriate level. The system circuit 405 can perform input power provisioning, control of multiple power transmitters, and other operational controls of the base station 400, such as user interface control.

[0072] The primary coil can generate an electromagnetic field using alternating current (AC) power (or voltage or current). The primary coil receives AC power (or voltage or current) of a specific frequency output from the power conversion circuit 110, thereby generating a magnetic field of a specific frequency. The magnetic field can be generated in a non-radiative or radiative manner, and the wireless power receiver 200 receives it and generates a current. In other words, the primary coil transmits power wirelessly.

[0073] In magnetic induction systems, the primary and secondary coils can take any suitable form, such as copper wire wound around a highly permeable material like ferrite or amorphous metal. The primary coil is sometimes called the transmitting coil, primary core, primary winding, or primary loop antenna. The secondary coil, on the other hand, is sometimes called the receiving coil, secondary core, secondary winding, secondary loop antenna, or pickup antenna.

[0074] When using a magnetic resonance method, the primary and secondary coils can be provided in the form of a primary resonant antenna and a secondary resonant antenna, respectively. The resonant antenna can have a resonant structure including a coil and a capacitor. In this case, the resonant frequency of the resonant antenna is determined by the inductance of the coil and the capacitance of the capacitor. Here, the coil can be in the form of a loop, and a core can be placed inside the loop. The core can be a physical core such as a ferrite core or an air core.

[0075] Energy transmission between a primary and secondary resonant antenna can occur via magnetic resonance. Resonance refers to the phenomenon where, when a near-field corresponding to the resonant frequency is generated in one resonant antenna, and other resonant antennas are located around it, the two resonant antennas are coupled to each other, resulting in highly efficient energy transfer between them. When a magnetic field corresponding to the resonant frequency is generated between the primary and secondary resonant antennas, the primary and secondary resonant antennas resonate with each other. As a result, the magnetic field is focused toward the secondary resonant antenna with higher efficiency than when the magnetic field generated by the primary resonant antenna is radiated into free space, and therefore, energy can be transmitted from the primary to the secondary resonant antenna with high efficiency. The magnetic induction method can be implemented in a manner similar to the magnetic resonance method, but in this case, the frequency of the magnetic field does not need to be the resonant frequency. Instead, the magnetic induction method requires matching between the loops constituting the primary and secondary coils, and the distance between the loops must be considerably close.

[0076] Although not shown in the drawings, the wireless power transmitter 100 may further include a communication antenna. The communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals using communication carriers other than magnetic field communication. For example, the communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee®, and NFC.

[0077] The communication / control circuit 120 can send and receive information with the wireless power receiver 200. The communication / control circuit 120 may include at least one of either an IB communication module or an OB communication module.

[0078] An IB communication module can transmit and receive information using magnetic waves with a specific frequency as its center frequency. For example, the communication / control circuit 120 can perform in-band communication by including communication information in the operating frequency of wireless power transmission and transmitting it via the primary coil, or by receiving the operating frequency containing the information via the primary coil. In this case, information can be included in the magnetic wave or the magnetic wave containing the information can be interpreted using modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK) or amplitude shift keying (ASK), and coding schemes such as Manchester coding or non-return-to-zero level coding. Using such IB communication, the communication / control circuit 120 can transmit and receive information over distances of several meters at a data transmission rate of several kbps.

[0079] OB communication modules can also perform out-band communication via a communication antenna. For example, the communication / control circuit 120 can be provided by a short-range communication module. Examples of short-range communication modules include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0080] The communication / control circuit 120 can control the overall operation of the wireless power transmitter 100. The communication / control circuit 120 can perform calculations and processing of various information and control each component of the wireless power transmitter 100.

[0081] The communication / control circuit 120 can be implemented in a computer or similar device using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In hardware terms, the communication / control circuit 120 can be provided in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals to perform control functions, and in software terms, it can be provided in the form of a program that drives the hardware communication / control circuit 120.

[0082] The communication / control circuit 120 can control the transmitted power by controlling the operating point. The operating point to be controlled can be a combination of frequency (or phase), duty cycle, duty ratio, and voltage amplitude. The communication / control circuit 120 can control the transmitted power by adjusting at least one of the frequency (or phase), duty cycle, duty ratio, and voltage amplitude. In addition, the wireless power transmitter 100 can supply a constant power, and the wireless power receiver 200 can control the received power by controlling the resonant frequency.

[0083] The mobile device 450 includes a power receiver 200 that receives wireless power via a secondary coil, and a load 455 that receives and stores the power received by the power receiver 200 and supplies it to the device.

[0084] The wireless power receiver 200 may include a power pickup circuit 210 and a communications and control circuit 220. The power pickup circuit 210 can receive wireless power via a secondary coil and convert it into electrical energy. The power pickup circuit 210 rectifies the AC signal obtained via the secondary coil and converts it into a DC signal. The communications and control circuit 220 can control the transmission and reception (power transfer and reception) of wireless power.

[0085] The secondary coil can receive wireless power transmitted by the wireless power transmitter 100. The secondary coil can receive power by utilizing the magnetic field generated by the primary coil. Here, if a specific frequency is the resonant frequency, a magnetic resonance phenomenon occurs between the primary and secondary coils, allowing for more efficient power transmission.

[0086] Although not shown in Figure 4a, the communication / control circuit 220 may also include a communication antenna. The communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals using communication carriers other than magnetic field communication. For example, the communication antenna can transmit and receive communication signals such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0087] The communication / control circuit 220 can send and receive information with the wireless power transmitter 100. The communication / control circuit 220 may include at least one of either an IB communication module or an OB communication module.

[0088] An IB communication module can transmit and receive information using magnetic waves with a specific center frequency. For example, the communication / control circuit 220 can perform IB communication by embedding information in a magnetic wave and transmitting it via a secondary coil, or by receiving a magnetic wave containing information via a secondary coil. In this case, information can be embedded in the magnetic wave or the magnetic wave containing information can be interpreted using modulation schemes such as binary phase shift keying (BPSK), frequency shift keying (FSK), or amplitude shift keying (ASK), and coding schemes such as Manchester coding or non-return-to-zero level coding. Using such IB communication, the communication / control circuit 220 can transmit and receive information over distances of several meters at a data transmission rate of several kbps.

[0089] The OB communication module can also perform out-band communication via a communication antenna. For example, the communication / control circuit 220 can be provided in the short-range communication module.

[0090] Examples of short-range communication modules include Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Bluetooth LE, ZigBee, and NFC.

[0091] The communication / control circuit 220 can control the overall operation of the wireless power receiver 200. The communication / control circuit 220 can perform calculations and processing of various information and control each component of the wireless power receiver 200.

[0092] The communication / control circuit 220 can be implemented in a computer or similar device using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Hardware-wise, the communication / control circuit 220 can be provided in the form of an electronic circuit that processes electrical signals to perform control functions; software-wise, it can be provided in the form of a program that drives the hardware-based communication / control circuit 220.

[0093] If the communication / control circuit 120 and the communication / control circuit 220 are Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE as OB communication modules or short-range communication modules, then the communication / control circuit 120 and the communication / control circuit 220 can be implemented and operated in a communication architecture as shown in Figure 4b.

[0094] Figure 4b shows an example of a Bluetooth communication architecture to which the present invention can be applied.

[0095] Referring to Figure 4b, (a) in Figure 4b shows an example of a Bluetooth BR (Basic Rate) / EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) protocol stack that supports GATT, and (b) shows an example of a Bluetooth LE (Low Energy) protocol stack.

[0096] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4b(a), the Bluetooth BR / EDR protocol stack may include an upper controller stack 460 and a lower host stack 470 relative to the host controller interface (HCI) 18.

[0097] The host stack (or host module) 470 includes a wireless transceiver module that receives 2.4GHz Bluetooth signals and hardware for transmitting or receiving Bluetooth packets, and the controller stack 460 connects to the Bluetooth module and controls the Bluetooth module to perform its operations.

[0098] The host stack 470 may include a BR / EDR PHY layer 12, a BR / EDR Baseband layer 14, and a Link Manager layer 16.

[0099] The BR / EDR PHY layer 12 is a layer that transmits and receives 2.4GHz radio signals, and when using GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) modulation, it can transmit data by hopping across 79 RF channels.

[0100] The aforementioned BR / EDR Baseband layer 14 is responsible for transmitting the Digital Signal, selecting a channel sequence that hops 1400 times per second and transmitting a time slot of 625us length for each channel.

[0101] The aforementioned link manager layer 16 utilizes LMP (Link Manager Protocol) to control the overall operation of the Bluetooth Connection (link setup, control, security).

[0102] The aforementioned link manager hierarchy 16 can perform the following functions.

[0103] - Perform ACL / SCO logical transport, logical link setup, and control.

[0104] -Detach: Interrupts the connection and notifies the other device of the reason for the interruption.

[0105] - Perform power control and role switching.

[0106] - Performs security functions (authentication, pairing, encryption).

[0107] The host controller interface hierarchy 18 provides an interface between the Host module and the Controller module, enabling the Host to provide commands and data to the Controller, and the Controller to provide events and data to the Host.

[0108] The host stack (or host module) 20 includes a Logical Link Control and Adaptive Protocol (L2CAP) 21, an Attribute Protocol 22, a Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 23, a Generic Access Profile (GAP) 24, and a BR / EDR profile 25.

[0109] The Logical Link Control and Adaptive Protocol (L2CAP) 21 can provide a single bidirectional channel for transmitting data to a specific protocol or profile.

[0110] The L2CAP21 can multiplex various protocols and profiles provided at the Bluetooth level.

[0111] Bluetooth BR / EDR's L2CAP uses dynamic channels and supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, and streaming mode, providing segmentation and reassembly, per-channel flow control, and error control.

[0112] The General Attribute Profile (GATT) 23 can function as a protocol that describes how the Attribute Protocol 22 is used when configuring a service. For example, the General Attribute Profile 23 can function to specify how ATT attributes are grouped together in a service, and can function to describe features associated with a service.

[0113] Therefore, the general attribute profile 23 and the attribute protocol (ATT) 22 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, and to explain how features relate to each other and how they are used.

[0114] The attribute protocol 22 and the BR / EDR profile 25 define the definition of a service (profile) that utilizes Bluetooth BR / EDR and the application protocol for exchanging this data, while the generic access profile (GAP) 24 defines the device discovery, connection, and security levels.

[0115] As shown in Figure 4b(b), the Bluetooth LE protocol stack includes a controller stack 480 capable of handling timing-sensitive radio device interfaces and a host stack 490 capable of handling high-level data.

[0116] First, the controller stack 480 can be embodied using a communication module that may include a Bluetooth wireless device, and a processor module that may include a processing device such as a microprocessor.

[0117] The host stack 490 can be embodied as part of an OS running on a processor module, or as an instantiation of a package on the OS.

[0118] In some cases, the controller stack and host stack can operate or run on the same processing device within the processor module.

[0119] The controller stack 480 includes a Physical Layer (PHY) 32, a Link Layer 34, and a Host Controller Interface 36.

[0120] The aforementioned physical layer (PHY, radio transceiver module) 32 is a layer that transmits and receives 2.4GHz radio signals and uses GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) modulation and a frequency hopping technique consisting of 40 RF channels.

[0121] The link layer 34, which is responsible for sending or receiving Bluetooth packets, uses three advertising channels to perform advertising and scanning functions, then generates inter-device connections and provides the ability to exchange data packets of up to 257 bytes via 37 data channels.

[0122] The host stack may include a Generic Access Profile (GAP) 40, Logical Link Control and Adaptive Protocol (L2CAP) 41, Security Manager (SM) 42, Attribute Protocol (ATT) 440, Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) 44, Generic Access Profile (Generic Access Profile) 25, and LT Profile 46. However, the host stack 490 is not limited to these and may include a variety of protocols and profiles.

[0123] The host stack uses L2CAP to multiplex various protocols and profiles provided above Bluetooth.

[0124] First, L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol) 41 can provide a single bidirectional channel for transmitting data to a specific protocol or profile.

[0125] The L2CAP41 can operate to multiplex data between higher-layer protocols, segment and reassemble packages, and manage multicast data transmission.

[0126] Bluetooth LE primarily uses three fixed channels (one for the signaling channel, one for the Security Manager, and one for the Attribute protocol). Dynamic channels can also be used as needed.

[0127] In contrast, BR / EDR (Basic Rate / Enhanced Data Rate) primarily uses dynamic channels and supports protocol service multiplexer, retransmission, and streaming mode.

[0128] SM (Security Manager) 42 is a protocol for authenticating devices and providing key distribution.

[0129] ATT (Attribute Protocol) 43 defines rules for accessing data from a remote device in a server-client structure. ATT has the following six message types: Request, Response, Command, Notification, Indication, and Confirmation.

[0130] (1) Request and Response messages: A Request message is a message used to request and transmit specific information from a client device to a server device, and a Response message is a response message to a Request message, which can be used to send from a server device to a client device.

[0131] (2) Command messages: These are messages sent from a client device to a server device, primarily to instruct it to perform a specific action. The server device does not send a response to the Command message to the client device.

[0132] (3) Notification message: A message sent from the server device to the client device for notification purposes such as events, and the client device does not send a confirmation message to the server device in response to the notification message.

[0133] (4) Indication and Confirm messages: These are messages sent from the server device to the client device for notification purposes, such as events. Unlike notification messages, the client device sends a confirmation message to the server device in response to the Indication message.

[0134] The present invention enables a client to clearly know the data length by sending a value for the data length when a long data request is made using the attribute protocol (ATT) 43 in a GATT profile, and to receive a characteristic value from the server using a UUID.

[0135] The aforementioned General Proximity Profile (GAP) 45 is a newly embodied hierarchy for Bluetooth LE technology and is used to control role selection for communication between Bluetooth LE devices and how multi-profile operation occurs.

[0136] Furthermore, the general proximity profile 45 is primarily used in the device discovery, connection generation, and security procedure sections, defining a way to provide information to the user and defining the type of attribute as follows.

[0137] (1) Service: Defines the basic operation of the device by combining data and associated behaviors.

[0138] (2) Include: Defines the relationships between services.

[0139] (3) Characteristics: Data values ​​used in the service

[0140] (4) Behavior: A computer-readable format defined in the UUID (Universal Unique Identifier, value type)

[0141] The aforementioned LE profile 46 is a GATT-dependent profile and is mainly applied to Bluetooth LE devices. Examples of LE profile 46 include Battery, Time, FindMe, Proximity, and Time, and the specific contents of GATT-based profiles are as follows.

[0142] (1) Battery: Battery information exchange method

[0143] (2) Time: Method of exchanging time information

[0144] (3) FindMe: Provides distance-based alarm service

[0145] (4) Proximity: Battery information exchange method

[0146] (5) Time: Method of exchanging time information

[0147] The General Attribute Profile (GATT) 44 can function as a protocol that describes how the Attribute Protocol 43 is used when configuring a service. For example, the General Attribute Profile 44 can function to specify how ATT attributes are grouped together in a service, and can function to describe features associated with a service.

[0148] Therefore, the general attribute profile 44 and the attribute protocol (ATT) 43 can use features to describe the state and services of a device, and to explain how features relate to each other and how they are used.

[0149] The following is a brief explanation of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology procedure.

[0150] BLE procedures can be categorized into procedures such as Device Filtering Procedure, Advertising Procedure, Scanning Procedure, Discovering Procedure, and Connecting Procedure.

[0151] Device Filtering Procedure

[0152] Device filtering procedures are methods to reduce the number of devices in the controller stack that perform responses to requests, instructions, notifications, etc.

[0153] Since it is unnecessary for all devices to respond to a request upon receiving it, the controller stack can reduce the number of requests sent, thereby reducing power consumption on the BLE controller stack.

[0154] An advertising device or scanning device may perform the device filtering procedure to restrict the devices that receive advertising packets, scan requests, or connection requests.

[0155] Here, an advertising device refers to a device that sends advertising events, i.e., executes advertisements, and is sometimes referred to as an advertiser.

[0156] A scanning device refers to a device that performs scanning or sends scan requests.

[0157] In BLE, when a scanning device receives some advertising packets from an advertising device, the scanning device must send a scan request to the advertising device.

[0158] However, if a device filtering procedure is used and the transmission of a scan request is unnecessary, the scanning device can ignore the advertising packets sent from the advertising device.

[0159] Device filtering procedures can also be used during the connection request process. If device filtering is used during the connection request process, it becomes unnecessary to send a response to the connection request by ignoring it.

[0160] Advertising Procedure

[0161] The advertising device executes advertising procedures to perform non-directional broadcasting on devices within its area.

[0162] Here, undirected advertising is advertising directed to all devices, not a broadcast directed to a specific device, and all devices can scan the advertising to request additional information or connection.

[0163] In contrast, with Directed Advertising, only devices designated as receiving devices can scan the advertisement and request additional information or connection.

[0164] The advertising procedure is used to establish a Bluetooth connection with a nearby starting device.

[0165] Alternatively, the advertising procedure can be used to provide periodic broadcasts of user data to scanning devices that are listening on advertising channels.

[0166] In the advertising process, all advertisements (or advertising events) are broadcast via physical advertising channels.

[0167] An advertising device can receive scan requests from listening devices that are listening to obtain additional user data from the advertising device. The advertising device sends a response to the scan request to the device that sent the scan request, via the same advertising physical channel that received the scan request.

[0168] Broadcast user data, sent as part of an advertising packet, is dynamic data, while scan response data is generally static data.

[0169] An advertising device can receive connection requests from an initiating device on the advertising (broadcast) physical channel. If the advertising device uses an advertising event that is connectable and the initiating device is not filtered by the device filtering procedure, the advertising device stops advertising and enters connected mode. The advertising device can start advertising again after entering connected mode.

[0170] Scanning Procedure

[0171] A scanning device performs a scanning procedure to listen to an undirected broadcast of user data from an advertising device using an advertising physical channel.

[0172] The scanning device sends a scan request to the advertising device via the advertising physical channel to request additional data from the advertising device. The advertising device sends a scan response, which is a response to the scan request, via the advertising physical channel, containing the additional data requested by the scanning device.

[0173] The aforementioned scanning procedure can be used when connecting with other BLE devices via a BLE piconet.

[0174] If the scanning device is in initiator mode, which allows it to receive broadcast advertising events and initiate connection requests, the scanning device can initiate a Bluetooth connection with the advertising device by sending a connection request to the advertising device via the advertising physical channel.

[0175] When a scanning device sends a connection request to an advertising device, the scanning device stops initiator mode scanning for additional broadcasts and enters connection mode.

[0176] Discovering Procedure

[0177] Bluetooth-enabled devices (hereinafter referred to as 'Bluetooth devices') perform advertising and scanning procedures in order to discover nearby devices or to be discovered by other devices within a given area.

[0178] The discovery process is performed asymmetrically. A Bluetooth device that attempts to find other devices in its vicinity is called a discovering device, and it listens to find devices advertising scannable advertising events. A Bluetooth device that is discovered and available to other devices is called a discoverable device, and it actively broadcasts advertising events via advertising (broadcast) physical channels so that other devices can scan them.

[0179] Both the discovering device and the discoverable device may already be connected to other Bluetooth devices via piconet.

[0180] Connection procedure

[0181] The connection procedure is asymmetrical, requiring one Bluetooth device to perform an advertising procedure while another Bluetooth device performs a scanning procedure.

[0182] In other words, the advertising procedure can become the objective, and as a result, only one device responds to the advertisement. After receiving a connectable advertising event from the advertising device, a connection can be initiated by sending a connection request to the advertising device via the advertising (broadcast) physical channel.

[0183] Next, we will briefly explain the operating states in BLE technology, namely the Advertising State, Scanning State, Initiating State, and Connection State.

[0184] Advertising State

[0185] The Link Layer (LL) enters the advertising state at the instruction of the host (stack). When the Link Layer is in the advertising state, it sends an advertising PDU (Packet Data Circuit) in an advertising event.

[0186] Each ad event consists of at least one ad PDU, which is sent via the ad channel index being used. Once each ad event has been sent via the ad channel index being used, the ad event can be terminated early if it has finished or if the ad device needs to make space for other functions.

[0187] Scanning State

[0188] The link hierarchy enters a scanning state at the host's (stack's) instruction. While scanning, the link hierarchy listens for the advertising channel index.

[0189] There are two types of scanning states: passive scanning and active scanning, and each scanning type is determined by the host.

[0190] No separate time or advertising channel index is defined for performing the scanning.

[0191] During the scanning process, the link hierarchy listens for ad channel indices during the scan window duration. The scan interval is defined as the interval between the start points of two consecutive scan windows.

[0192] The link hierarchy must listen for the completion of all scan intervals within a scan window, as instructed by the host, provided there are no scheduling conflicts. Within each scan window, the link hierarchy must scan other ad channel indexes. The link hierarchy uses all available ad channel indexes.

[0193] When scanning is passive, the link hierarchy only receives packets and cannot transmit any packets.

[0194] When active scanning is performed, the link hierarchy performs listening to depend on the ad PDU type, which can request ad PDUs and additional ad device-related information from the ad device.

[0195] Initiating State

[0196] The link hierarchy enters the starting state at the instruction of the host (stack).

[0197] When the link hierarchy is in the starting state, it performs listening for the ad channel index.

[0198] During the initial state, the link hierarchy listens for the ad channel index during the scan window interval.

[0199] Connection state

[0200] The link hierarchy enters a connected state when the device making the connection request, i.e., the initiating device, sends a CONNECT_REQ PDU to the advertising device, or when the advertising device receives a CONNECT_REQ PDU from the initiating device.

[0201] Once a connection enters the connected state, it is assumed that the connection is being created. However, it is not necessary to assume that the connection is established at the time it enters the connected state. The only difference between a newly created connection and an already established connection is the link hierarchy connection supervision timeout value.

[0202] When two devices are connected, they function as separate entities.

[0203] A link hierarchy that performs the master role is called a master, and a link hierarchy that performs the slave role is called a slave. The master coordinates the timing of connection events, and connection events represent the synchronized points in time between the master and the slave.

[0204] The following is a brief explanation of the packets defined in the Bluetooth interface. BLE devices use the packets defined below.

[0205] Packet Format

[0206] The Link Layer has only one packet format used for both advertising channel packets and data channel packets.

[0207] Each packet consists of four fields: Preamble, Access Address, PDU, and CRC.

[0208] When a packet is transmitted via the advertising channel, the PDU becomes an advertising channel PDU; when a packet is transmitted via the data channel, the PDU becomes a data channel PDU.

[0209] Advertising Channel PDU (Advertising Channel PDU)

[0210] The advertising channel PDU (Packet Data Circuit) has a 16-bit header and payloads of various sizes.

[0211] The PDU type field of the ad channel PDU included in the header indicates the PDU type as defined in Table 3 below.

[0212] [Table 3]

[0213] Advertising PDU (Advertising PDU)

[0214] The following advertising channel PDU types are called advertising PDUs and are used in specific events.

[0215] ADV_IND: Connectable non-directional advertising events

[0216] ADV_DIRECT_IND: Connectable directional advertising events

[0217] ADV_NONCONN_IND: Non-connectable non-directional ad event

[0218] ADV_SCAN_IND: Scannable non-directional advertising event

[0219] The aforementioned PDU is transmitted via the Link Layer in the advertising state and received via the Link Layer in the scanning state or initiating state.

[0220] Scanning PDU

[0221] The following advertising channel PDU types are called scanning PDUs and are used in the manner described below.

[0222] SCAN_REQ: Sent via the link hierarchy in scanning mode, and received via the link hierarchy in advertisement mode.

[0223] SCAN_RSP: Sent via the link hierarchy in advertising mode, and received via the link hierarchy in scanning mode.

[0224] Initiating PDU

[0225] The following ad channel PDU types are called start PDUs.

[0226] CONNECT_REQ: Sent via the link hierarchy in the initial state, and received via the link hierarchy in the advertisement state.

[0227] Data Channel PDU

[0228] Data channel PDUs can have a 16-bit header, payloads of various sizes, and may include a Message Integrity Check (MIC) field.

[0229] The procedures, states, packet formats, etc., in BLE technology described above can be applied to implement the method proposed herein.

[0230] Referring again to Figure 4a, the load 455 is a battery. The battery can store energy by utilizing the power output from the power pickup circuit 210. On the other hand, the mobile device 450 does not necessarily have to include a battery. For example, the battery can be provided in the form of a removable external component. As another example, the wireless power receiver 200 may include a drive means to drive various operations of the electronic device instead of a battery.

[0231] The mobile device 450 is illustrated to include a wireless power receiver 200, and the base station 400 is illustrated to include a wireless power transmitter 100. However, in a broad sense, the wireless power receiver 200 can be considered identical to the mobile device 450, and the wireless power transmitter 100 can be considered identical to the base station 400.

[0232] If the communication / control circuits 120 and 220 include Bluetooth or Bluetooth LE as an OB communication module or short-range communication module in addition to the IB communication module, the wireless power transmitter 100 including the communication / control circuit 120 and the wireless power receiver 200 including the communication / control circuit 220 can be represented by a simplified block diagram as shown in Figure 4C.

[0233] Figure 4c is a block diagram showing an example of a wireless power transmission system using BLE communication.

[0234] Referring to Figure 4c, the wireless power transmitter 100 includes a power conversion circuit 110 and a communication / control circuit 120. The communication / control circuit 120 includes an in-band communication module 121 and a BLE communication module 122.

[0235] On the other hand, the wireless power receiver 200 includes a power pickup circuit 210 and a communication / control circuit 220. The communication / control circuit 220 includes an in-band communication module 221 and a BLE communication module 222.

[0236] In one aspect, the BLE communication modules 122 and 222 perform the architecture and operation shown in Figure 4b. For example, the BLE communication modules 122 and 222 can also be used to establish a connection between the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200, and to exchange control information and packets necessary for wireless power transmission.

[0237] In other respects, the communication / control circuit 120 can be configured to operate a profile for wireless charging, where the profile for wireless charging is GATT using BLE transmission.

[0238] On the other hand, as shown in Figure 4d, the communication / control circuits 120 and 220 can each include only in-band communication modules 121 and 221, while the BLE communication modules 122 and 222 can be provided separately from the communication / control circuits 120 and 220.

[0239] Hereinafter, a coil or coil section, including a coil and at least one element adjacent to the coil, is also referred to as a coil assembly, coil cell, or cell.

[0240] Figure 5 is a state transition diagram illustrating the wireless power transmission procedure.

[0241] Referring to Figure 5, the power transmission from a wireless power transmitter to a receiver according to one embodiment of the present invention can be broadly divided into a selection phase 510, a ping phase 520, an identification and configuration phase 530, a negotiation phase 540, a calibration phase 550, a power transfer phase 560, and a renegotiation phase 570.

[0242] Selection stage 510 is a stage to which the device transitions if a specific error or event is detected while starting or maintaining power transmission—including, for example, drawing reference numerals S502, S504, S508, S510, and S512. Here, the specific errors and specific events will be clarified through the following description. Also in selection stage 510, the wireless power transmitter can monitor whether an object is present on the interface surface. If the wireless power transmitter detects that an object has been placed on the interface surface, it can transition to PING stage 520. In selection stage 510, the wireless power transmitter can transmit an analog PING signal, which is a power signal (or pulse) corresponding to a fairly short duration, and detect whether an object is present in the active area of ​​the interface surface based on the current change of the transmitting coil or primary coil.

[0243] In selection step 510, if an object is detected, the wireless power transmitter can measure the quality factor of the wireless power resonant circuit (e.g., power transmitting coil and / or resonant capacitor). In one embodiment of this specification, if an object is detected in selection step 510, the quality factor can be measured to determine whether the wireless power receiver has been placed in the charging area with a foreign object. The coil provided in the wireless power transmitter may have its inductance and / or series resistance component within the coil reduced by environmental changes, thereby causing the quality factor value to decrease. To determine the presence or absence of a foreign object using the measured quality factor value, the wireless power transmitter can receive a pre-measured reference quality factor value from the wireless power receiver when no foreign object is placed in the charging area. The presence or absence of a foreign object can be determined by comparing the reference quality factor value received in negotiation step 540 with the measured quality factor value. However, in the case of wireless power receivers with low standard quality factor values—for example, certain wireless power receivers may have low standard quality factor values ​​depending on their type, application, and characteristics—a problem may arise where it is difficult to determine whether or not foreign matter is present because there is no significant difference between the quality factor value measured when foreign matter is present and the standard quality factor value. Therefore, other judgment factors must be considered further, or other methods must be used to determine whether or not foreign matter is present.

[0244] In another embodiment of the present invention, when an object is detected in the selection step 510, a quality factor value can be measured within a specific frequency range (e.g., the operating frequency range) to determine whether it is placed in the charging area together with a foreign object. The coil of the wireless power transmitter may have its inductance and / or series resistance component within the coil reduced by environmental changes, thereby changing (shifting) the resonant frequency of the coil of the wireless power transmitter. That is, the quality factor peak frequency, which is the frequency at which the maximum quality factor value within the operating frequency band is measured, can be shifted.

[0245] In stage 520, when an object is detected, the wireless power transmitter wakes up the receiver and sends a digital Ping to identify whether the detected object is the wireless power receiver. In stage 520, if the wireless power transmitter does not receive a response signal to the digital Ping—for example, a signal strength packet—from the receiver, it can transition back to stage 510. Alternatively, in stage 520, if the wireless power transmitter receives a signal from the receiver indicating that power transmission is complete—i.e., a charge complete packet—it can also transition back to stage 510.

[0246] Once the PING stage 520 is complete, the wireless power transmitter can proceed to the identification and configuration stage 530, which involves identifying the receiver and collecting receiver configuration and status information.

[0247] In the identification and configuration stage 530, the wireless power transmitter may proceed to the selection stage 510 if an unexpected packet is received, or if a desired packet is not received within a predetermined time (time out), or if there is a transmission error, or if no power transfer contract is established.

[0248] The wireless power transmitter can determine whether it is necessary to proceed to the negotiation stage 540 based on the negotiation field value of the configuration packet received in the identification and configuration stage 530. If negotiation is required, the wireless power transmitter can proceed to the negotiation stage 540 and execute a predetermined FOD detection procedure. Conversely, if negotiation is not required, the wireless power transmitter can proceed directly to the power transmission stage 560.

[0249] In negotiation phase 540, the wireless power transmitter can receive a Foreign Object Detection (FOD) status packet containing a reference quality factor value, or a Foreign Object Detection (FOD) status packet containing a reference peak frequency value, or a status packet containing both a reference quality factor value and a reference peak frequency value. At this time, the wireless power transmitter can determine a quality coefficient threshold for FO detection based on the reference quality factor value, or a peak frequency threshold for FO detection based on the reference peak frequency value.

[0250] The wireless power transmitter can detect whether a fault (FO) is present in the charging area using a determined quality factor threshold for FO detection and the currently measured quality factor value (quality factor value measured before the PING stage), and can control power transmission based on the FO detection result. For example, if FO is detected, power transmission may be interrupted, but is not limited to this.

[0251] The wireless power transmitter can detect whether a FO (Fault Occurrence) is present in the charging region using a determined peak frequency threshold for FO detection and the currently measured peak frequency value (the peak frequency value measured before the PING stage), and can control power transmission based on the FO detection result. For example, if FO is detected, power transmission may be interrupted, but is not limited to this.

[0252] If an FO is detected, the wireless power transmitter can return to the selection stage 510. Conversely, if no FO is detected, the wireless power transmitter can proceed to the power transmission stage 560 via the correction stage 550. Specifically, if no FO is detected, the wireless power transmitter can determine the power intensity received at the receiving end in the correction stage 550 and measure the power loss at the receiving and transmitting ends to determine the power intensity transmitted at the transmitting end. That is, the wireless power transmitter can predict the power loss in the correction stage 550 based on the difference between the transmitted power at the transmitting end and the received power at the receiving end. In one embodiment, the wireless power transmitter can also correct the threshold for FOD detection to reflect the predicted power loss.

[0253] In power transmission phase 560, the wireless power transmitter may transition to selection phase 510 if an unexpected packet is received, or if a desired packet is not received within a predetermined time (time out), or if a power transfer contract violation occurs, or if charging is complete.

[0254] Furthermore, in the power transmission stage 560, if the wireless power transmitter needs to reconfigure the power transmission contract due to a change in the state of the wireless power transmitter, it can transition to the renegotiation stage 570. At this time, if the renegotiation is successfully completed, the wireless power transmitter can return to the power transmission stage 560.

[0255] In this embodiment, the correction stage 550 and the power transmission stage 560 are separated into different stages, but the correction stage 550 can be integrated into the power transmission stage 560. In this case, the operations in the correction stage 550 can be performed in the power transmission stage 560.

[0256] The aforementioned power transmission contract can be set based on the status and characteristic information of the wireless power transmitter and receiver. For example, the status information of the wireless power transmitter may include information on the maximum amount of power that can be transmitted and the maximum number of receivers that can be accommodated, while the status information of the receiver may include information on the power requested.

[0257] Figure 6 shows a power control method according to one embodiment.

[0258] In Figure 6, during the power transmission phase 560, the wireless power transmitter 100 and the wireless power receiver 200 can control the amount of power transmitted by communicating in parallel with power transmission and reception. The wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver operate at a specific control point. The control point indicates the combination of voltage and current provided at the output terminal of the wireless power receiver when power transmission is performed.

[0259] More specifically, the wireless power receiver selects a desired control point—such as the desired output current / voltage and the temperature at a specific location on the mobile device—and additionally determines the actual control point currently in operation. Using the desired and actual control points, the wireless power receiver can calculate a control error value and transmit it to the wireless power transmitter as a control error packet.

[0260] The wireless power transmitter can then use the received control error packets to set / control new operating points—amplitude, frequency, and duty cycle—and control power transfer. Thus, control error packets are transmitted / received at regular time intervals during the power transfer phase. For example, the wireless power receiver can set the control error value to a negative number when attempting to reduce the current of the wireless power transmitter, and to a positive number when attempting to increase the current. In this way, in inductive mode, power transfer can be controlled by the wireless power receiver transmitting control error packets to the wireless power transmitter.

[0261] The resonant mode described below can operate in a different manner than the inductive mode. In resonant mode, a single radio power transmitter must be able to serve multiple radio power receivers simultaneously. However, when controlling power transfer as in the inductive mode described above, the power transmitted is controlled by communication with a single radio power receiver, making it difficult to control power transfer to additional radio power receivers. Therefore, in the resonant mode described herein, the radio power transmitter transmits basic power in common, and the radio power receiver controls the amount of power it receives by controlling its own resonant frequency. However, even in such resonant mode operation, the method described in Figure 6 is not completely excluded, and control of additional transmitted power can also be performed using the method in Figure 6.

[0262] Figure 7 is a block diagram of a wireless power transmission device according to another embodiment. This can belong to a magnetic resonant or shared-mode wireless power transmission system. Shared mode can refer to a mode in which one-to-many communication and charging are performed between a wireless power transmission device and a wireless power receiver. Shared mode can be embodied in a magnetic induction or resonant system.

[0263] Referring to Figure 7, the wireless power transmitter 700 may include at least one of the following: a cover 720 covering a coil assembly, a power adapter 730 supplying power to a power transmitter 740, a power transmitter 740 transmitting wireless power, or a user interface 750 providing power transmission progress and other related information. In particular, the user interface 750 may be included optionally or as another user interface 750 of the wireless power transmitter 700.

[0264] The power transmitter 740 may include at least one of the following: a coil assembly 760, an impedance matching circuit 770, an inverter 780, a communication circuit 790, or a control circuit 710.

[0265] The coil assembly 760 includes at least one primary coil that generates a magnetic field, and is also called a coil set.

[0266] The impedance matching circuit 770 can provide impedance matching between the inverter and the primary coil(s). The impedance matching circuit 770 can generate resonance at a suitable frequency to boost the primary coil current. In the multi-coil power transmitter 740, the impedance matching circuit may also additionally include a multiplex that routes the signal through a subset of the primary coils in the inverter. The impedance matching circuit is also called a tank circuit.

[0267] The impedance matching circuit 770 may include capacitors, inductors, and switching elements for switching their connections. Impedance matching can be performed by detecting reflected waves of radio power transmitted through the coil assembly 760 and switching the switching elements based on the detected reflected waves to adjust the connection state of the capacitors and inductors, or by adjusting the capacitance of the capacitors or the inductance of the inductors. In some cases, the impedance matching circuit 770 may be omitted, and this specification also includes embodiments of the radio power transmitter 700 in which the impedance matching circuit 770 is omitted.

[0268] The 780 inverter can convert a DC input to an AC signal. The 780 inverter can be driven in a half-bridge or full-bridge configuration to generate adjustable frequency pulse waves and duty cycles. The inverter can also include multiple stages to adjust the input voltage level.

[0269] The communication circuit 790 can communicate with the power receiver. The power receiver performs load modulation to communicate requests and information to the power transmitter. Thus, the power transmitter 740 can use the communication circuit 790 to monitor the amplitude and / or phase of the primary coil current and / or voltage in order to demodulate the data transmitted by the power receiver.

[0270] Furthermore, the power transmitter 740 can also control its output power to transmit data using methods such as FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) via the communication circuit 790.

[0271] The control circuit 710 can control the communication and power transmission of the power transmitter 740. The control circuit 710 can adjust the above-described operating point to control power transmission. The operating point can be determined by at least one of, for example, the operating frequency, the duty cycle, and the input voltage.

[0272] The communication circuit 790 and the control circuit 710 can be provided as separate circuits / elements / chip sets or can also be provided as one circuit / element / chip set.

[0273] FIG. 8 shows a wireless power receiving device according to another embodiment. This can belong to a wireless power transmission system in a magnetic resonance method or a shared mode.

[0274] In FIG. 8, the wireless power receiving device 800 can include at least one of a user interface 820 that provides power transmission progress and other related information, a power receiver 830 that receives wireless power, a load circuit 840, or a base 850 that supports and covers a coil assembly. In particular, the user interface 820 can be optionally included or can also be included as another user interface 820 of the power receiving equipment.

[0275] The power receiver 830 can include at least one of a power converter 860, an impedance matching circuit 870, a coil assembly 880, a communication circuit 890, or a control circuit 810.

[0276] The power converter 860 can convert the AC power received from the secondary coil into a voltage and current suitable for the load circuit. As an example, the power converter 860 can include a rectifier. The rectifier can rectify the received radio power and convert it from AC to DC. The rectifier can use diodes or transistors to convert AC to DC and use capacitors and resistors to smooth it. As the rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, a half-wave rectifier, a voltage multiplier, etc., embodied in a bridge circuit or the like can be used. Additionally, the power converter can also adapt the reflected impedance of the power receiver.

[0277] The impedance matching circuit 870 can provide impedance matching between the combination of the power converter 860 and the load circuit 840 and the secondary coil. As an example, the impedance matching circuit can generate a resonance near 100 kHz that can enhance power transmission. The impedance matching circuit 870 can be composed of capacitors, inductors, and switching elements that switch these combinations. Impedance matching can be performed by controlling the switching elements of the circuits that make up the impedance matching circuit 870 based on the voltage value, current value, power value, frequency value, etc. of the received radio power. In some cases, the impedance matching circuit 870 can also be implemented by being omitted, and this specification also includes an example of a wireless power receiving device 200 in which the impedance matching circuit 870 is omitted.

[0278] The coil assembly 880 includes at least one secondary coil and can optionally further include an element that shields the metal part of the receiver from the magnetic field.

[0279] The communication circuit 890 can perform load modulation to communicate requests and other information to the power transmitter.

[0280] To this end, the power receiver 830 can also switch a resistor or capacitor to change the reflection impedance.

[0281] The control circuit 810 can control the received power. To this end, the control circuit 810 can determine / calculate the difference between the actual operating point and the desired operating point of the power receiver 830. The control circuit 810 can then adjust / reduce the difference between the actual operating point and the desired operating point by adjusting the reflection impedance of the power transmitter and / or by performing an adjustment request for the operating point of the power transmitter. By minimizing this difference, optimal power reception can be achieved.

[0282] The communication circuit 890 and the control circuit 810 may be provided as separate components / chipsets, or they may be provided as a single component / chipset.

[0283] Figure 9 shows a communication frame structure according to one embodiment. This is a communication frame structure in shared mode.

[0284] Referring to Figure 9, in shared mode, frames of different forms can be used together. For example, in shared mode, a slotted frame having multiple slots, such as (A), and a free-format frame without a specific form, such as (B), can be used. More specifically, a slotted frame is a frame for transmitting short data packets from the wireless power receiver 200 to the wireless power transmitter 100, while a free-format frame is a frame that does not have multiple slots and can transmit long data packets.

[0285] On the other hand, slot frames and free-form frames can be renamed in various ways by those skilled in the art. For example, slot frames can be renamed channel frames, and free-form frames can be renamed message frames.

[0286] More specifically, the slot frame may include a sink pattern indicating the start of a slot, a measurement slot, nine slots, and additional sink patterns preceding each of the nine slots, each having the same time interval.

[0287] Here, the additional sink pattern is a sink pattern different from the sink pattern indicating the start of the frame described above. More specifically, the additional sink pattern may indicate information related to adjacent slots (i.e., two consecutive slots located on either side of the sink pattern) without indicating the start of the frame.

[0288] A sink pattern can be positioned between any two consecutive slots among the nine slots. In this case, the sink pattern can provide information related to the two consecutive slots.

[0289] Furthermore, the nine slots and the sink patterns provided in front of each of the nine slots can each have the same time interval. For example, the nine slots can have a time interval of 50 ms. The nine sink patterns can also have a time length of 50 ms.

[0290] On the other hand, a free-form frame like (B) has no specific form other than a sink pattern and measurement slot indicating the start of the frame. That is, the free-form frame is intended to perform a different role from the slot frame, and can be used, for example, to communicate long data packets (e.g., additional owner information packets) between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver, or to select one of several coils in a wireless power transmitter composed of multiple coils.

[0291] The following provides a more detailed explanation of the sync patterns included in each frame, along with diagrams.

[0292] Figure 10 shows the structure of a sink pattern according to one embodiment.

[0293] Referring to Figure 10, a sink pattern can consist of a preamble, a start bit, a response field, a type field, an information field, and a parity bit. In Figure 10, the start bit is shown as ZERO.

[0294] More specifically, the preamble consists of consecutive bits that can all be set to 0. In other words, the preamble is a set of bits used to match the time length of the sync pattern.

[0295] The number of bits that make up the preamble can depend on the operating frequency, such that the length of the sink pattern is as close to 50ms as possible, but not exceeding 50ms. For example, if the operating frequency is 100kHz, the sink pattern can consist of 2 preamble bits, and if the operating frequency is 105kHz, the sink pattern can consist of 3 preamble bits.

[0296] The start bit is the bit that follows the preamble and can represent zero. This zero bit indicates the type of sync pattern. Here, the type of sync pattern can include a frame sync, which contains information related to frames, and a slot sync, which contains information related to slots. That is, the sync pattern is a frame sync located between consecutive frames and indicating the start of a frame, or a slot sync located between consecutive slots among a plurality of slots that constitute a frame and containing information related to those consecutive slots.

[0297] For example, when the zero is 0, it means that the corresponding slot is a slot sink located between slots, and when it is 1, it can mean that the corresponding sink pattern is a frame sink located between frames.

[0298] The parity bit is the last bit of the sink pattern and can indicate the number information of the bits constituting the data field of the sink pattern (i.e., the response field, the type field, the information field). For example, the parity bit can be 1 when the number of bits constituting the data field of the sink pattern is even, and 0 in other cases (i.e., when it is odd).

[0299] The Response field can include the response information of the wireless power transmission device for communication with the wireless power reception device within the slot before the sink pattern. For example, the Response field can have '00' when communication with the wireless power reception device is not detected. Also, the Response field can have '01' when a communication error is detected in communication with the wireless power reception device. A communication error occurs when two or more wireless power reception devices attempt to approach a single slot, resulting in a collision between two or more wireless power reception devices.

[0300] In addition, the Response field can include information indicating whether the data packet has been accurately received from the wireless power reception device. More specifically, the Response field can be "10" (10 - not acknowledge, NAK) when the wireless power transmission device rejects the data packet, and "11" (11 - acknowledge, ACK) when the wireless power transmission device confirms the data packet.

[0301] The type field can indicate the type of sink pattern. More specifically, the type field may have a '1' to indicate that it is a frame sink if the sink pattern is the first sink pattern of the frame (i.e., it is the first sink pattern of the frame and is located before the measurement slot).

[0302] Additionally, the type field may have '0' in the slot frame, indicating that it is a slot sink if the sink pattern is not the first sink pattern of the frame.

[0303] Furthermore, the meaning of the value of the information field can be determined by the type of sink pattern indicated by the type field. For example, if the type field is 1 (i.e., indicating frame sink), the meaning of the information field can indicate the type of frame. That is, the information field can indicate whether the current frame is a slotted frame or a free-format frame. For example, if the information field is '00', it indicates a slotted frame, and if the information field is '01', it indicates a free-format frame.

[0304] In contrast, if the type field is 0 (i.e., a slot sink), the information field may indicate the state of the next slot located after the sink pattern. More specifically, the information field may have '00' if the next slot is allocated to a specific radio power receiver, '01' if the slot is locked for temporary use by a specific radio power receiver, or '10' if the slot is freely available to any radio power receiver.

[0305] Figure 11 shows the operating state of a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver in a shared mode according to one embodiment.

[0306] Referring to Figure 11, a wireless power receiver operating in shared mode can operate in any one of the following states: Selection Phase 1100, Introduction Phase 1110, Configuration Phase 1120, Negotiation Phase 1130, and Power Transfer Phase 1140.

[0307] First, a wireless power transmitter according to one embodiment can transmit a wireless power signal in order to detect a wireless power receiver. That is, the process of detecting a wireless power receiver using a wireless power signal is called analog ping.

[0308] On the other hand, a wireless power receiving device that has received a wireless power signal can enter the selected state 1100. As described above, a wireless power receiving device that has entered the selected state 1100 can detect the presence of an FSK signal on the wireless power signal.

[0309] In other words, the wireless power receiver can perform communication in either exclusive mode or shared mode depending on the presence or absence of the FSK signal.

[0310] More specifically, a wireless power receiver can operate in shared mode if the wireless power signal includes an FSK signal, and in exclusive mode otherwise.

[0311] When the wireless power receiver operates in shared mode, it can enter the deployment state 1110. In the deployment state 1110, the wireless power receiver can send a Control Information packet (CI) to the wireless power transmitter in order to transmit a Control Information packet in the setup state, negotiation state, and power transmission state. The Control Information packet may have a header and information related to control. For example, the header of the Control Information packet is 0X53.

[0312] In deployment state 1110, the radio power receiver attempts to request a free slot to transmit control information (CI) packets through the following configuration, negotiation, and power transmission phases. At this time, the radio power receiver selects a free slot and transmits the first CI packet. If the radio power transmitter responds to the CI packet with an ACK, the radio power transmitter enters the configuration phase. If the radio power transmitter responds with a NAK, it means that another radio power receiver is proceeding through the configuration and negotiation phases. In this case, the radio power receiver attempts to request a free slot again.

[0313] If the radio power receiver receives an ACK in response to a CI packet, it determines the location of the private slot in the U frame by counting the remaining slot sinks up to the first frame sink. For all subsequent slot-based frames, the radio power receiver transmits the CI packet through that slot.

[0314] If the wireless power transmitter allows the wireless power receiver to proceed to the configuration stage, the wireless power transmitter provides a series of locked slots for the exclusive use of the wireless power receiver. This ensures that the wireless power receiver proceeds to the configuration stage without conflict.

[0315] The radio power receiver transmits a sequence of data packets, such as two identification data packets (IDHI and IDLO), using a lock slot. Upon completion of this stage, the radio power receiver enters the negotiation phase. During the negotiation phase, the radio power transmitter continues to provide the radio power receiver with a lock slot for exclusive use. This ensures that the radio power receiver can proceed through the negotiation phase without conflict.

[0316] The wireless power receiver uses the lock slot to transmit one or more negotiation data packets, which may be mixed with private data packets. The sequence eventually ends with a specific request (SRQ) packet. Upon completion of the sequence, the wireless power receiver enters the power transmission phase, and the wireless power transmitter ceases providing the lock slot.

[0317] In power transmission mode, the radio power receiver uses its assigned slot to transmit CI packets and receive power. The radio power receiver may include a regulator circuit. The regulator circuit may be included in the communication / control circuit. The radio power receiver can self-regulate its reflected impedance via the regulator circuit. That is, the radio power receiver can adjust the impedance reflected to transmit the amount of power required by the external load. This can prevent excessive power reception and overheating.

[0318] In shared mode, the wireless power transmitter may not adjust power in response to received CI packets (depending on the operating mode), in which case control is necessary to prevent overvoltage conditions.

[0319] Wireless power transmission systems can be equipped with application-level message exchange capabilities to support expansion into diverse application areas. Based on such capabilities, device authentication-related information or other application-level messages can be sent and received between wireless power transmitters and receivers. Because higher-level messages are exchanged between wireless power transmitters and receivers in this way, a separate hierarchical architecture for data transmission is required, along with efficient management and operation methods for this hierarchical architecture.

[0320] Figure 12 shows an application-level data stream between a wireless power transmitter and receiver in one example.

[0321] Referring to Figure 12, the data stream may include auxiliary data control (ADC) data packets and / or auxiliary data transport (ADT) data packets.

[0322] An ADC data packet is used to start (open) a data stream. An ADC data packet can indicate the type of message and the number of data bytes contained in the stream. In contrast, an ADT data packet is a sequence of data containing the actual message. An ADC / end data packet is used to signal the end of a stream. For example, the maximum number of data bytes in a data transmission stream can be limited to 2047.

[0323] An ACK or NACK is used to indicate whether the ADC data packet and ADT data packet were successfully received. Between the transmission timing of the ADC data packet and the ADT data packet, control information necessary for wireless charging, such as a control error packet (CE) or DSR, may be transmitted.

[0324] By utilizing such a data stream structure, authentication-related information or other application-level information can be transmitted and received between a wireless power transmitter and a receiver.

[0325] Figure 13 shows a hierarchical architecture for transmitting a data stream between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver, as an example.

[0326] Referring to Figure 13, a data stream is exchanged between a data stream initiator and a data stream responder. Both a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver can be either a data stream initiator or a responder. For example, if the data stream initiator is a wireless power receiver, the data stream responder is a wireless power transmitter, and if the data stream initiator is a wireless power transmitter, the data stream responder is a wireless power receiver.

[0327] The data stream initiator generates an application layer-level message (e.g., an authentication-related message) and stores it in a buffer managed by the application layer. The data stream initiator then submits the message stored in the buffer from the application layer to the transport layer. The data stream initiator stores the message in a local buffer managed by the transport layer. The size of the local buffer in the transport layer is, for example, at least 67 bytes.

[0328] The data stream initiator transmits the message to the data stream responder via the wireless channel using the data transport stream of the transmission layer. At this time, the message is sliced ​​into a number of data packets and transmitted, which is called the data transport stream. If an error occurs during the transmission of the data packets, the data stream initiator can retransmit the erroneous packet, and at this time, the transmission layer of the data stream initiator can provide feedback to the application layer regarding the success or failure of message transmission.

[0329] A data stream responder receives a data transmission stream via a radio channel. The received data transmission stream is demodulated and decoded in the reverse process of the data stream initiator's procedure. For example, the data stream responder stores the data transmission stream in a local buffer managed by the transmission layer, merges it, and transmits it from the transmission layer to the application layer, where the application layer stores the transmitted message in its buffer.

[0330] Data Stream Control

[0331] As mentioned above, wireless power transmitters and wireless power receivers can exchange data streams during the power transmission phase. For example, each wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver can open one data stream. Specifically, if one opens an outgoing data stream, it can refuse to open an incoming data stream until the transmission of that data stream is complete. This is for ease of implementation.

[0332] Since the radio power receiver operates as a master, it can refuse to allow the radio power transmitter to open a new data stream by not responding to the radio power transmitter's request to open a data stream. Conversely, the radio power transmitter cannot refuse to allow the radio power receiver to open a data stream as a master. That is, even if the radio power transmitter does not respond, the radio power receiver will continue to transmit the data stream. This interferes with the transmission of data streams that are already open and being transmitted, causing a degradation of system performance. Therefore, a protocol is required that allows data streams to be exchanged effectively.

[0333] Accordingly, this embodiment discloses a radio power transmitter and a radio power receiver configured to simultaneously or selectively open or process outgoing and incoming data streams. The radio power transmitter and radio power receiver configured to simultaneously open or process outgoing and incoming data streams transmit or receive multiple data streams between them.

[0334] In the following, a multiplexed data stream can mean a simultaneous data stream and an incoming data stream. Alternatively, a multiplexed data stream can mean a full-duplex data stream.

[0335] For example, a wireless power transmitter may support a single data stream at a time, or support simultaneous (or multiple output / input) data streams. The wireless power transmitter may then transmit duplex data stream information to a wireless power receiver indicating whether it supports a single data stream or simultaneous data streams. This duplex data stream information may be included in the wireless power transmitter's capability packet and may be referred to as the data stream (DS) bit, full-duplex bit, or simply duplex bit.

[0336] If the wireless power transmitter supports a single data stream, it transmits dual data stream information to the wireless power receiver instructing it to support a single data stream, opens a single data stream (to be output or input) at once, and opens a new data stream (to be output or input) when the transmission of the single data stream is finished.

[0337] If the wireless power transmitter supports simultaneous data streams, it transmits dual data stream information to the wireless power receiver indicating that it supports simultaneous data streams. The wireless power transmitter then determines whether the wireless power receiver supports simultaneous data streams. If the wireless power receiver supports simultaneous data streams, the wireless power transmitter can open simultaneous data streams (output and input). On the other hand, if the wireless power transmitter supports simultaneous data streams but the wireless power receiver supports single data streams, the wireless power transmitter opens a single data stream (output or input) at a time, and when the transmission of the single data stream is finished, it opens a new data stream (output or input).

[0338] As another example, a wireless power receiver may support a single data stream at a time, or support simultaneous (or multiple output / input) data streams. The wireless power receiver may then transmit duplex data stream information to the wireless power receiver indicating whether it supports a single data stream or simultaneous data streams. This duplex data stream information may be included in the capability packet of the wireless power transmitter, and is called the data stream (DS) bit or simply the duplex bit.

[0339] If the wireless power receiver supports a single data stream, it sends dual data stream information to the wireless power transmitter instructing it to support a single data stream, opening a single data stream (to be output or input) at once, and opening a new data stream (to be output or input) when the transmission of the single data stream is finished.

[0340] If the wireless power receiver supports simultaneous data streams, it transmits dual data stream information to the wireless power transmitter indicating that it supports simultaneous data streams. The wireless power receiver then determines whether the wireless power transmitter supports simultaneous data streams. If the wireless power transmitter supports simultaneous data streams, the wireless power receiver can open simultaneous data streams (output and input). On the other hand, if the wireless power receiver supports simultaneous data streams but the wireless power transmitter supports single data streams, the wireless power receiver opens a single data stream (output or input) at a time, and when the transmission of the single data stream is finished, it opens a new data stream (output or input).

[0341] Figure 14 is a flowchart illustrating a data stream transmission method for one example.

[0342] Referring to Figure 14, the wireless power receiver transmits a configuration packet containing dual data stream (DS) information to the wireless power transmitter (S1400). The dual data stream information is a single bit that indicates whether the wireless power receiver supports simultaneous data streams or not (or whether it supports a single data stream). For example, if the dual data stream information is 1, it indicates that the wireless power receiver supports simultaneous data streams, and if it is 0, it indicates that the wireless power receiver does not support simultaneous data streams. By using a single bit in the configuration packet in this way, the wireless power receiver can indicate whether or not it has the capability to process two data streams (or simultaneous data streams) simultaneously.

[0343] Figure 15 shows a configuration packet containing dual data stream information for one example.

[0344] Referring to Figure 15, a configuration packet may include at least one of the following: a received power scaling factor field, a reserved field, a Prop field for private power control information, an AI field indicating whether it supports authentication initiator functionality, an AR field indicating whether it supports authentication responder functionality, an OB field indicating whether outband communication is supported, a count field, a window size field, a window offset field, a Neg field indicating whether an extended protocol is supported, a Pol field indicating the polarity of FSK modulation, a Depth field indicating the depth of FSK modulation, and a dual data stream (DS) field.

[0345] Referring again to Figure 14, the wireless power transmitter sends a capability packet containing dual data stream information to the wireless power receiver (S1405). The dual data stream information indicates whether the wireless power transmitter supports simultaneous data streams or not (or supports a single data stream). For example, if the dual data stream information is 1, it indicates that the wireless power transmitter supports simultaneous data streams, and if it is 0, it indicates that the wireless power transmitter does not support simultaneous data streams. By using one bit in the capability packet in this way, the wireless power transmitter can indicate whether or not it has the capability to process two data streams (or simultaneous data streams) simultaneously.

[0346] Figure 16 shows a capability packet containing dual data stream information, as an example.

[0347] Referring to Figure 16, a capability packet may include at least one of the following fields: power class field, maximum negotiable guaranteed power field, reserve field, potential power field, AI field indicating whether it supports authentication initiator functionality, AR field indicating whether it supports authentication responder functionality, OB field indicating whether it supports outband communication, dual data stream (DS) field, WPID field, and NRS field.

[0348] Referring again to Figure 14, the operation in which the wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver exchange data streams is either (A) or (B). According to this embodiment, one device receives dual data stream information from the other, checks whether the other device supports simultaneous data streams, and if the other device does not support simultaneous data streams, opens only one data stream. Once the transmission of the said data stream is finished, it opens a new data stream.

[0349] First, (A) includes the operation of one party transmitting a data stream to the other. For example, the wireless power receiver may transmit a data stream to the wireless power transmitter (S1410), or the wireless power transmitter may transmit a data stream to the wireless power receiver.

[0350] (A) is the case where at least one of the wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver supports a single data stream.

[0351] If both the dual data stream information of the wireless power transmitter and the dual data stream information of the wireless power receiver indicate that both support a single data stream, or if the dual data stream information of the wireless power transmitter indicates that a single data stream is supported and the dual data stream information of the wireless power receiver indicates that simultaneous data streams are supported, or if the dual data stream information of the wireless power transmitter indicates that simultaneous data streams are supported and the dual data stream information of the wireless power receiver indicates that a single data stream is supported, then one opens a single data stream (to be output or input) to the other at one time, and when the transmission of the single data stream is completed, it opens a new data stream (to be output or input).

[0352] (B) is the case where both the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver support simultaneous data streams. In this case, one can open a data stream (to be output or input) to the other (S1415), and a new data stream (to be output or input) can be opened even before the transmission of the single data stream has finished (S1420).

[0353] The wireless power transmitter in the embodiment shown in Figure 14 corresponds to the wireless power transmitter, wireless power transmitter, or power transmitting unit disclosed in Figures 1 to 11. Therefore, the operation of the wireless power transmitter in this embodiment is embodied by one or more combinations of the various components of the wireless power transmitter in Figures 1 to 11. For example, the operation of transmitting wireless power in this embodiment can be performed by the power conversion circuit 110. In addition, in this embodiment, operations such as receiving configuration packets, generating and transmitting capability packets, and opening, transmitting, or receiving data streams can be performed by the communication / control circuit 120.

[0354] Furthermore, the wireless power receiving device in the embodiment shown in Figure 14 corresponds to the wireless power receiving device, wireless power receiver, or power receiving unit disclosed in Figures 1 to 11. Therefore, the operation of the wireless power receiving device in this embodiment is embodied by one or more combinations of the various components of the wireless power receiving device in Figures 1 to 11. For example, the operation of receiving wireless power in this embodiment can be performed by the power pickup circuit 210. In addition, in this embodiment, operations such as generating and transmitting configuration packets, receiving capability packets, and opening, transmitting, or receiving data streams can be performed by the communication / control circuit 220.

[0355] Synchronization of power loss calculation timing

[0356] Figure 17 shows the timing at which a wireless power receiving device calculates the received power in one example.

[0357] Referring to Figure 17, the wireless power receiver transmits received power (RP or RP8) packets indicating the power received from the wireless power transmitter at the transmission cycle (T_received) interval. At this time, the received power packets are generated based on the received power calculated during the window (t_window) from a point in time prior to the arrival of the next received power cycle. That is, the wireless power receiver calculates the power received from the wireless power transmitter during the window (t_window), generates a received power packet based on that value, and transmits the generated received power packet to the wireless power transmitter at a point after the offset (t_offset) from the end of the window (t_window) (or at the time when the next received power cycle arrives). Here, the window (t_window) can be defined as a quiet period in which no in-band communication occurs between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver.

[0358] Meanwhile, the wireless power transmitter calculates or estimates the power (Pt) it transmitted to the wireless power receiver during the window (t_window) in which the wireless power receiver calculates the received power. The wireless power transmitter then calculates the power loss based on the difference between the received power (Pr) and transmitted power (Pt) in the received power packets, and performs foreign object detection based on the power loss.

[0359] Figure 18 shows the timing at which a wireless power transmitter, in one example, calculates the transmission power.

[0360] Referring to Figure 18, the wireless power transmitter cannot know the exact start time of the window (t_window) in which the wireless power receiver calculates the received power. This is because there is no synchronization between the wireless power transmitter and the wireless power receiver regarding the start time of the window. When the time when the wireless power transmitter calculates the transmitted power and the time when the wireless power receiver calculates the received power do not coincide, there is a problem in accurately calculating the power loss. Therefore, the wireless power transmitter continues to calculate the transmitted power while sliding the window (t_window) at a fixed interval (t_slide). The wireless power transmitter then uses the transmitted power (Pt) calculated at an offset (t_offset) earlier than the time when it receives a received power packet (RP or RP8) from the wireless power receiver to calculate the power loss.

[0361] However, because the transmission period (t_received) of received power packets is not fixed to a maximum of 4050ms (when charging at 5W or less) or 2050ms (when charging at 5W or more) but is variable, the wireless power transmitter cannot know in advance when the received power packets will be received, nor can it know the window (t_window) period in advance. For example, if the transmission period (t_received) of received power packets changes, the wireless power transmitter cannot know the window (t_window) period in which the wireless power receiver calculates the received power. This makes it even more difficult to synchronize the timing at which the wireless power transmitter calculates the transmitted power with the timing at which the wireless power receiver calculates the received power.

[0362] Furthermore, since wireless power transmitters must calculate the transmission power using a sliding method at regular intervals, this results in wasting the processing resources of the wireless power transmitter.

[0363] Therefore, a method is required to synchronize the timing of power loss calculation between a wireless power transmitter and a receiving device. A method for synchronizing the timing of power loss calculation between a wireless power transmitter and a receiving device is disclosed below.

[0364] Figure 19 shows an example of how timing packets are used.

[0365] Referring to Figure 19, the wireless power receiver sends a timing packet 1900 to the wireless power transmitter before transmitting a received power packet, instructing it to start a window (t_window). The timing packet 1900 is a packet that notifies the wireless power transmitter of the start of a window (t_window), and it coincides the interval in which the wireless power receiver calculates received power with the interval in which the wireless power transmitter calculates transmitted power. That is, starting from the timing packet 1900, the wireless power transmitter and wireless power receiver can perform power calculations within the same window (t_window) interval.

[0366] Timing packet 1900 is also called a timing packet for received power packets (TRP packet). Timing packet 1900 can consist only of header information without a separate payload or data. That is, synchronization of power estimation timing can be achieved with a timing packet 1900 of the minimum size. In this case, the header value is, for example, 0x00.

[0367] As an example of the relationship between timing packet 1900 and the start of a window (t_window), the start of the window (t_window) can occur when a predetermined fixed time (t_predetermined) has elapsed from the time timing packet 1900 is transmitted. In this case, the wireless power transmitter calculates or estimates the transmitted power during the window (t_window) when a predetermined fixed time (t_predetermined) has elapsed from the time timing packet 1900 is received. The wireless power receiver then calculates the received power during the window (t_window) when a predetermined fixed time (t_predetermined) has elapsed from the time timing packet 1900 is transmitted.

[0368] Another example of the relationship between timing packet 1900 and the start of a window (t_window) is that the time when timing packet 1900 is sent can be the start of the window (t_window). In this case, the radio power transmitter calculates or estimates the transmit power during the window (t_window) from the time it receives timing packet 1900. The radio power receiver then calculates the received power during the window (t_window) from the time it sends timing packet 1900.

[0369] Figure 20 shows a timing packet related to one example.

[0370] Referring to Figure 20, a timing packet is, for example, 8 bits, and the header that identifies the timing packet can be defined as, for example, 0x00.

[0371] Figure 21 shows timing packets related to another example.

[0372] Referring to Figure 21, a timing packet may be, for example, 8 bits and include a window size field and a window offset field. The window size field may be, for example, 5 bits, whose value can define the size of the window (t_window) in units of 4ms. The window offset field may be, for example, 3 bits, whose value can define the size of the window offset (t_offset) in units of 4ms.

[0373] The window size field and window offset field included in the timing packet are used to adjust the default window (twindow) and default window offset (t_offset). Here, the default window and default window offset are values ​​included in the configuration packet. Such a timing packet, as shown in Figure 21, can be identified, for example, by a header defined as 0x00.

[0374] The wireless power transmitter in the embodiments shown in Figures 19 to 21 corresponds to the wireless power transmitter, wireless power transmitter, or power transmitting unit disclosed in Figures 1 to 11. Therefore, the operation of the wireless power transmitter in these embodiments is embodied by one or more combinations of the various components of the wireless power transmitter in Figures 1 to 11. For example, in this embodiment, the operation of transmitting wireless power to a wireless power receiver based on magnetic coupling can be performed by the power conversion circuit 110. In addition, in this embodiment, the operation of receiving timing packets, the operation of calculating or estimating the transmitted power during a fixed window based on the timing packets, the operation of receiving received power packets, the operation of calculating power loss based on transmitted power and received power, and the operation of performing foreign object detection based on power loss can be performed by the communication / control circuit 120.

[0375] Furthermore, the wireless power receiving device in the embodiment shown in Figures 19 to 21 corresponds to the wireless power receiving device, wireless power receiver, or power receiving unit disclosed in Figures 1 to 11. Therefore, the operation of the wireless power receiving device in this embodiment is embodied by one or more combinations of the various components of the wireless power receiving device shown in Figures 1 to 11. For example, in this embodiment, the operation of receiving wireless power from a wireless power transmitter based on magnetic coupling can be performed by the power pickup circuit 210. Also, in this embodiment, the operation of generating and transmitting timing packets, calculating received power, and transmitting received power packets can be performed by the communication / control circuit 220.

[0376] Since not all components or steps are essential in the wireless power transmission method and apparatus, or receiving apparatus and method, according to the embodiments of the present invention described above, the wireless power transmission apparatus and method, or receiving apparatus and method, can be implemented including some or all of the components or steps described above. Furthermore, the embodiments of the wireless power transmission apparatus and method, or receiving apparatus and method described above can be implemented in combination with each other. In addition, the components or steps described above do not necessarily have to be performed in the order they are described, and it is possible that a later-described step may be performed before a earlier-described step.

[0377] The above description is merely illustrative of the technical concept of the present invention, and a person with ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs can make various modifications and variations without deviating from the essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention described above can be embodied individually or in combination with each other.

[0378] Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein are for illustrative purposes only, and not to limit the technical concept of the present invention, and the scope of the technical concept of the present invention is not limited by such embodiments. The scope of protection of the present invention should be interpreted in accordance with the claims, and all technical concepts within an equivalent scope should be interpreted as being included within the scope of the rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless power receiving device, A power pickup configured to receive wireless power from a wireless power transmitter during the power transmission stage, The system includes a communicator / controller related to controlling the aforementioned wireless power, The aforementioned wireless power receiving device is Digital PING is received from the wireless power transmission device. The response to the aforementioned digital PING is transmitted to the wireless power transmitter. A configuration packet containing first dual data stream information consisting of 1 bit is transmitted to the wireless power transmitter. The first dual data stream information related to the wireless power receiving device indicates whether or not simultaneous input / output data streams are supported. A capability packet containing a second dual data stream information consisting of 1 bit is received from the wireless power transmitter. The second dual data stream information related to the wireless power transmitter indicates whether or not simultaneous input / output data streams are supported. i) an initial ADC (auxiliary data control) data packet to start the first data stream, ii) a sequence of ADT (auxiliary data transport) data packets containing a first actual message, and iii) a final ADC data packet to end the first data stream, are transmitted to the wireless power transmitter during the power transmission phase. The second data stream, which includes i) an initial ADC data packet to start the second data stream, ii) a sequence of ADT data packets containing a second actual message, and iii) a final ADC data packet to end the second data stream, is received from the wireless power transmitter during the power transmission phase. A wireless power receiving device that transmits the first data stream and simultaneously receives the second data stream based on the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information.

2. Based on the fact that at least one of the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information does not indicate simultaneous support, The wireless power receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the wireless power receiving device is configured to initiate either a first data stream to the wireless power transmitting device or a second data stream from the wireless power transmitting device.

3. The wireless power receiving device according to claim 1, wherein the wireless power receiving device transmits a timing packet to the wireless power transmitting device that signals the start of a window (t_window) that provides a time interval in which the received wireless power is calculated.

4. A wireless power transmission device, A power converter configured to transmit wireless power to a wireless power receiving device during the power transmission stage, The system includes a communicator / controller related to controlling the aforementioned wireless power, The aforementioned wireless power transmission device is A digital PING is initiated to request a response from the aforementioned wireless power receiving device. The response in response to the digital PING is received from the wireless power receiving device. A configuration packet containing first dual data stream information consisting of 1 bit is received from the wireless power receiving device. The first dual data stream information related to the wireless power receiving device indicates whether or not simultaneous input / output data streams are supported. A capability packet containing a second dual data stream information consisting of 1 bit is transmitted to the wireless power receiving device. The second dual data stream information related to the wireless power transmitter indicates whether or not simultaneous input / output data streams are supported. i) an initial ADC (auxiliary data control) data packet to start the first data stream, ii) a sequence of ADT (auxiliary data transport) data packets containing a first actual message, and iii) a final ADC data packet to end the first data stream, are received from the wireless power receiver during the power transmission phase. i) an initial ADC data packet to start the second data stream, ii) a sequence of ADT data packets containing a second actual message, and iii) a final ADC data packet to end the second data stream are transmitted to the wireless power receiver during the power transmission phase. Based on the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information, the wireless power transmission device receives the first data stream and simultaneously transmits the second data stream.

5. Based on the fact that at least one of the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information does not indicate simultaneous support, The wireless power transmitter according to claim 4, wherein the wireless power transmitter is configured to initiate either a first data stream to the wireless power receiver or a second data stream from the wireless power receiver.

6. The wireless power transmitting device according to claim 4, wherein the wireless power transmitting device receives a timing packet from the wireless power receiving device that signals the start of a window (t_window) that provides a time interval in which the transmitted wireless power is calculated.

7. A method for receiving wireless power in a wireless power transmission system, wherein the method is performed by a wireless power receiving device. The steps include receiving a digital PING from a wireless power transmitter, The steps include transmitting a response in response to the digital PING to the wireless power transmitter, A step of transmitting a configuration packet containing first dual data stream information consisting of 1 bit to the wireless power transmitter, The first dual data stream information related to the wireless power receiving device includes the step of indicating whether or not simultaneous input / output data streams are supported, A step of receiving a capability packet from the wireless power transmitter that includes a second dual data stream information consisting of 1 bit, The second dual data stream information relating to the wireless power transmitter includes the step of indicating whether or not simultaneous input / output data streams are supported, The steps include transmitting a first data stream to the wireless power transmitter during the power transmission phase, comprising: i) an initial ADC (auxiliary data control) data packet to initiate the first data stream; ii) a sequence of ADT (auxiliary data transport) data packets containing a first actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet to terminate the first data stream. The process includes receiving a second data stream from the wireless power transmitter during the power transmission stage, which includes: i) an initial ADC data packet to start the second data stream; ii) a sequence of ADT data packets containing a second actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet to end the second data stream. A method in which the wireless power receiving device transmits the first data stream and simultaneously receives the second data stream based on the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information.

8. A method for transmitting wireless power in a wireless power transmission system, wherein the method is Performed by a wireless power transmitter, The steps include: initiating a digital PING to request a response from a wireless power receiving device, The steps include receiving the response in response to the digital PING from the wireless power receiving device, A step of receiving a configuration packet containing first dual data stream information consisting of 1 bit from the wireless power receiving device, The first dual data stream information related to the wireless power receiving device includes the step of indicating whether or not simultaneous input / output data streams are supported, A step of transmitting a capability packet containing a second dual data stream information consisting of 1 bit to the wireless power receiving device, The second dual data stream information relating to the wireless power transmitter includes the step of indicating whether or not simultaneous input / output data streams are supported, The steps include receiving a first data stream from the wireless power receiver during the power transmission phase, which includes i) an initial ADC (auxiliary data control) data packet to start the first data stream, ii) a sequence of ADT (auxiliary data transport) data packets containing a first actual message, and iii) a final ADC data packet to end the first data stream; The process includes the step of transmitting a second data stream to the wireless power receiver during the power transmission stage, comprising: i) an initial ADC data packet to start a second data stream; ii) a sequence of ADT data packets containing a second actual message; and iii) a final ADC data packet to end the second data stream. A method in which, based on the first dual data stream information and the second dual data stream information, the wireless power transmission device receives the first data stream and simultaneously transmits the second data stream.

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