Wood and building materials

Abstract

This prevents damage to the wood filler that is embedded in the holes formed at the locations of dead knots in the main body of the wood. [Solution] The wood 20 comprises a wood body 30 with a hole 31 formed at the location of a dead knot, and a wood inlay 40. The wood inlay 40 is harder than the wood body 30 and is embedded in the hole 31 of the wood body 30.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wood having a wood body with a hole formed at a dead knot portion, and a building material made of wood.

Background Art

[0002] In the wood produced by processing a log, not only live knots but also dead knots may be included in the wood. At the location of a dead knot, the knot of the log may fall out of the wood or the knot of the log may remain in the wood. In that state, the product value of the wood decreases, and in some cases, there is also a risk that the wood cannot be used. On the other hand, conventionally, a building board in which a defective portion of a board is repaired by a plugging process is known (see Patent Document 1).

[0003] In the conventional building board described in Patent Document 1, a circular hole is provided in a defective portion of the board which is the wood body, and the circular hole is filled with a plug. The plug is formed larger than the circular hole and is press-fitted into the circular hole. Thus, when forming a hole in the dead knot portion of the wood body and embedding the plug into the hole, it is necessary to press-fit the plug into the hole by hitting the plug toward the hole or the like. At that time, there is a concern that the plug may be damaged or defective due to the impact or pressure applied to the plug. [[ID=I7]]

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above conventional problems, and an object thereof is to suppress breakage of a plug embedded in a hole formed in a dead knot portion of a wood body.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The present invention relates to a piece of wood having a wooden body in which holes are formed at the locations of dead knots, This is a piece of wood that is harder than the main body of the wood and has a piece of wood embedded in the hole. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a building material made from the wood of the present invention. [Effects of the Invention]

[0007] According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress damage to the wood filler that is embedded in the holes formed at the locations of dead knots in the main body of the wood. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing a deck using the building materials of this embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a perspective view showing the wood used in this embodiment. [Figure 3] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the wood of this embodiment cut along the line X1-X1. [Figure 4] This figure shows the manufacturing process of the wood according to this embodiment. [Figure 5] This figure shows the manufacturing process of the wood according to this embodiment. [Figure 6] This figure shows the manufacturing process of the wood according to this embodiment. [Figure 7] This figure shows the manufacturing process of the wood according to this embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0009] One embodiment of the wood and building materials of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The wood in this embodiment is repaired wood in which dead knots in the main body of the wood have been repaired, and it comprises the main body of the wood and a wood filler. Furthermore, the building material in this embodiment is made of the wood in this embodiment and is used as a building material. The building material is made of wood and becomes part of the building.

[0010] Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a deck 2 using the building material 1 of this embodiment, and shows a part of the deck 2 viewed from diagonally above. As shown in the figure, deck 2 is an outdoor structure attached to a building (not shown) and installed outdoors. Deck 2 also comprises multiple support beams 3, multiple girders (not shown) stretched between the support beams 3, multiple joists (not shown) stretched between the girders, multiple flooring materials 10 laid on top of the joists, and skirting boards 4 provided around the perimeter of the multiple flooring materials 10.

[0011] The multiple flooring materials 10 are board-shaped decking materials (boards) and are installed on the floor surface of the deck 2. The multiple flooring materials 10 are arranged in parallel to each other with their edges touching, forming the floor surface of the deck 2. The flooring materials 10 are building materials 1 used in the deck 2, and are installed in a part of the deck 2, forming a part of the deck 2. The multiple flooring materials 10 and building materials 1 are each made of wood 20, and are manufactured by processing wood 20. The flooring materials 10, building materials 1, and wood 20 are installed outdoors of the building and are exposed to the outdoor environment.

[0012] Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the wood 20 of this embodiment, and shows a portion of the wood 20 in the longitudinal direction. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the wood 20 of this embodiment, cut along the line X1-X1 in Figure 2, and shows a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wood 20. As shown in the figure, the wood 20 consists of a wood body 30 and a wood inlay 40 that is harder than the wood body 30. The wood body 30 is the main material that constitutes the body of the wood 20 and has holes 31 formed at the locations of dead knots. The holes 31 are recesses formed in the wood body 30 and are provided at each of the locations where there were dead knots in the wood body 30.

[0013] The hole 31 is either a through-hole that penetrates the wood body 30, or a blind hole that closes inside the wood body 30 without penetrating it. The wood filler 40 is filled into the hole 31 of the wood body 30, and the dead knots in the wood body 30 are repaired by the wood filler 40. Here, the wood body 30 and the wood 20 are board-shaped materials. The hole 31 is a through-hole that penetrates the wood body 30 in the thickness direction and is open to both sides in the thickness direction of the wood body 30. The hardness of the wood filler 40 is higher than the hardness of the wood body 30.

[0014] The specific gravity of the wood inlay 40 is greater than that of the main wood 30. Therefore, the wood inlay 40 is denser and harder than the main wood 30, and has better dimensional stability. Furthermore, the wood inlay 40 is heartwood, which includes the core of the tree, and is made from, for example, branches that have branched off from the trunk of a tree, or from thinned wood. Because the wood inlay 40 is heartwood, it contains ring-shaped annual rings, giving it superior aesthetic appeal, and it is harder than heartwood, which does not include the core of the tree. By making the wood inlay 40 from branches or thinned wood, it contributes to the effective use of resources. For example, the main wood 30 is made of cedar, and the wood inlay 40 is made of cypress, which is harder than cedar.

[0015] Figures 4 to 7 show the manufacturing process of the wood 20 in this embodiment. Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the wood body 30 before the hole 31 is formed, and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the wood body 30 cut along the line X2-X2 in Figure 4. Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the wood body 30 and the inlay 40 after the hole 31 is formed, and Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the wood body 30 and the inlay 40 cut along the line X3-X3 in Figure 6. Figures 4 and 6 show a portion of the wood body 30 in the longitudinal direction, and Figures 5 and 7 show a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wood body 30.

[0016] As shown in the figure, at the dead knot portion 32 of the wood body 30 (see FIGS. 4 and 5), the knot of the log falls out from the wood body 30, there is a hole in the wood body 30, or the knot of the log remains in the wood body 30. Therefore, a hole is drilled at the dead knot portion 32 of the wood body 30 (see FIGS. 6 and 7), and the hole portion 31 is formed at the dead knot portion 32 of the wood body 30. Further, the plug 40 is processed into a shape that can be embedded in the hole portion 31 to produce the plug 40. The size of the plug 40 is larger than the size of the hole portion 31, and the hole portion 31 is formed to have a size less than the size of the plug 40.

[0017] The hole portion 31 of the wood body 30 is a circular hole formed in a circular shape (for example, a cylindrical shape, a frustum of a cone shape), and the plug 40 is a circular plug formed in a circular shape (for example, a cylindrical shape, a frustum of a cone shape). Therefore, the size of the plug 40 and the size of the hole portion 31 are their respective diameters. The diameter of the plug 40 is larger than the diameter of the hole portion 31, and the hole portion 31 is formed to have a diameter less than the diameter of the plug 40. The diameter of the plug 40 is, for example, 5 to 40 mm (5 mm or more and 40 mm or less).

[0018] After the formation of the hole portion 31, the plug 40 is pushed toward the hole portion 31 to press-fit the plug 40 into the hole portion 31 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). At that time, the plug 40 is driven into the hole portion 31 with a hammer to fit the plug 40 into the hole portion 31. Thereby, the plug 40 is embedded in the hole portion 31, and the hole portion 31 is filled with the plug 40.

[0019] Since the plug 40 is harder than the wood body 30, when the plug 40 is embedded in the hole portion 31, it is difficult for the plug 40 to be damaged or defective, and breakage of the plug 40 is suppressed. By the embedding operation, the plug 40 is filled in the hole portion 31, and the hole portion 31 is blocked by the plug 40. In this way, the dead knot portion 32 (hole portion 31) of the wood body 30 is repaired with the plug 40, and the wood 20 including the wood body 30 and the plug 40 is manufactured. Then, the wood 20 is processed to manufacture the building material 1 from the wood 20.

[0020] In the wood 20, neither the wood body 30 nor the wood inlay 40 is subjected to chemical treatment, or at least one (either one or both) of the wood body 30 and the wood inlay 40 is subjected to chemical treatment. Chemical treatment is a modification treatment that chemically alters (improves) the wood (wood body 30, wood inlay 40), and modifies the wood using chemical agents. The chemical agents used in the chemical treatment are impregnated into the wood, and the wood is chemically treated. The chemical agents are liquid or gaseous chemicals (modifiers) that modify the wood and penetrate the wood.

[0021] Here, chemical treatment refers to a modification treatment (durability treatment) that alters the durability of wood. Chemically treated wood is wood whose durability has been modified by the chemical treatment, and is more durable than wood that has not been chemically treated. The durability of wood includes, for example, resistance to decay, weather resistance, termite resistance, strength, and water resistance. In chemically treated wood, the absorption of moisture into the wood is suppressed, and dimensional changes in the wood are also suppressed.

[0022] Chemical treatments of wood include, for example, acetylation, formalization, phenol resin treatment, acrylic resin treatment, and furan resin treatment. Therefore, chemically treated wood includes, for example, acetylated wood (acetylated wood) which has been acetylated, formalized wood (formalized wood) which has been formalized, phenol resin treated wood which has been impregnated with phenol resin, acrylic resin treated wood which has been impregnated with acrylic resin, and furan resin treated wood which has been impregnated with furan resin.

[0023] For example, in acetylation treatment, acetic anhydride is impregnated into the wood to induce an acetylation reaction within the wood, thereby acetylating the wood. This imparts water repellency to the chemically treated wood, suppresses water absorption, and ensures its durability. In furan resin treatment, furfuryl alcohol is impregnated into the wood, causing the furfuryl alcohol to convert into furan resin within the wood. This furan resin fills the gaps in the vessels of the chemically treated wood, suppressing water absorption and ensuring its durability.

[0024] In the case where both the main body 30 and the inlay 40 of the wood 20 are subjected to chemical treatment, the chemical treatment is applied to the main body 30 and the inlay 40 separately, or to the main body 30 and the inlay 40 simultaneously. In this state, the inlay 40 is harder than the main body 30. The wood 20 comprises a chemically treated main body 30 and a chemically treated inlay 40. In the wood 20, the main body 30 is a chemically treated wood main body, and the inlay 40 is a chemically treated inlay. Furthermore, the wood 20 is a chemically treated wood, and the entire piece is subjected to chemical treatment. The durability of the main body 30, the inlay 40, and the wood 20 is modified and improved by the chemical treatment.

[0025] After embedding the wood filler 40 in the hole 31 of the wood body 30, the wood body 30 and the wood 20 including the wood filler 40 are subjected to chemical treatment. This ensures that the wood body 30 and the wood filler 40 are chemically treated simultaneously. Alternatively, the wood body 30 and the wood filler 40 may be chemically treated separately before embedding the wood filler 40 in the hole 31 of the wood body 30. In this case, the chemically treated wood filler 40 is embedded in the hole 31 of the chemically treated wood body 30.

[0026] Chemical treatment increases the hardness of the wood filler 40, making it harder. Therefore, the hardness of the chemically treated wood filler 40 (wood filler 40 after chemical treatment) is higher than that of the wood filler 40 that has not been chemically treated (wood filler 40 before chemical treatment), and the wood filler 40 after chemical treatment is harder than the wood filler 40 before chemical treatment. Consequently, damage to the wood filler 40 is prevented when it is embedded into the hole 31 of the wood body 30.

[0027] In the case where only the wood body 30 of the wood 20 is chemically treated, the chemical treatment is applied only to the wood body 30 before the wood filler 40 is embedded in the hole 31. The chemical treatment is applied to the wood body 30 after the hole 31 is formed, or to the wood body 30 before the hole 31 is formed. In contrast, the wood filler 40 is not chemically treated. In this state, the wood filler 40 is harder than the wood body 30. For example, by forming the wood filler 40 and the wood body 30 from different types of wood, the wood filler 40, which has not been chemically treated, becomes harder than the wood body 30 that has been chemically treated. In the wood 20, the wood filler 40, which has not been chemically treated, is embedded in the hole 31 of the wood body 30 that has been chemically treated. Thus, the wood 20 comprises a wood body 30 that has been chemically treated (chemically treated wood body) and wood filler 40 that has not been chemically treated.

[0028] In the case where only the wood filler 40 of the wood 20 is chemically treated, the chemical treatment is applied only to the wood filler 40 before it is embedded in the hole 31. In contrast, the wood body 30 is not chemically treated. In this state, the wood filler 40 is harder than the wood body 30. In the wood 20, the chemically treated wood filler 40 is embedded in the hole 31 of the wood body 30 which is not chemically treated. Thus, the wood 20 comprises a wood body 30 which is not chemically treated and a wood filler 40 which is chemically treated (chemically treated wood filler).

[0029] In the wood 20 described above, a wood filler 40, which is harder than the wood body 30, is embedded in the hole 31, thereby suppressing damage to the wood filler 40 embedded in the hole 31. Therefore, the wood filler 40 can be reliably embedded in the hole 31 of the wood body 30. In the wood 20, by applying chemical treatment to both the wood body 30 and the wood filler 40, the durability of the wood body 30, the wood filler 40, and the wood 20 can be modified and improved. Conversely, by applying chemical treatment only to the wood body 30, the durability of the wood body 30 can be modified and improved. Furthermore, by applying chemical treatment only to the wood filler 40, the hardness of the wood filler 40 can be increased, and the durability of the wood filler 40 can be modified and improved.

[0030] Furthermore, the wood body 30 is not limited to wood formed in a board shape (board material), but may also be wood formed in a shape other than a board (for example, square timber, column material). Also, the hole 31 of the wood body 30 and the wood inlay 40 are not limited to a circular shape, but may be formed in a shape other than a circle (for example, triangular, square, or other polygonal shapes). The wood inlay 40 may be bonded to the inner surface of the hole 31 with adhesive, or it may not be bonded to the inner surface of the hole 31. In addition, the wood 20 is not limited to the building material 1 of the deck 2, but can be used as a building material for various structures (for example, exterior features such as fences and louvers, buildings).

[0031] (Chemical treatment test of wood) To confirm that chemical treatment increases the hardness of wood (wood body 30, inlay 40), acetylation treatment, a chemical treatment, was applied to wood test specimens. The hardness of the test specimens was also measured before and after the acetylation treatment. In the test, two types of test specimens, A and B, were prepared using two types of wood (cypress and cedar). The wood of test specimen A was cypress, and the wood of test specimen B was cedar. The dimensions of test specimens A and B were 100 mm in width, 300 mm in length, and 30 mm in thickness.

[0032] In measuring the hardness of test specimens A and B, the Brinell hardness (H) of test specimens A and B was measured in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS Z2101:2009). A 10 mm diameter plunger was pressed into test specimens A and B, and the load (P) was measured when the plunger reached an insertion depth of 0.32 mm. The Brinell hardness (H) was calculated from the load (P) using the formula (Brinell hardness (H) = load (P) / 10). The units for load (P) and Brinell hardness (H) are Newtons (N). Table 1 shows the Brinell hardness (H) of test specimen A (cypress), and Table 2 shows the Brinell hardness (H) of test specimen B (cedar).

[0033] [Table 1]

[0034] [Table 2]

[0035] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, the Brinell hardness (H) of five test specimens A and B was measured before and after acetylation treatment, and the average Brinell hardness (H) of test specimens A and B was calculated. As a result, in both test specimens A and B, the Brinell hardness (H) after acetylation treatment was higher than the Brinell hardness (H) before acetylation treatment. From this, it was found that chemical treatment increases the hardness of the wood (wood body 30, inlay 40). By applying chemical treatment only to the inlay 40, it is possible to make the inlay 40 harder than the wood body 30.

[0036] As described above, this embodiment discloses the wood described in (1) to (4) below, and the building material described in (5).

[0037] (1) A piece of wood having a body in which a hole is formed at the location of a dead knot, A piece of wood that is harder than the main body of the wood and has a wood inlay embedded in the hole. (1) With the wood described above, damage to the wood filler embedded in the holes formed at the dead knots in the wood body can be suppressed.

[0038] (2) In the wood described in (1), Wood in which the main body of the wood and the inlay have been chemically treated. The wood described in (2) can improve the durability of the wood itself, the inlay, and the wood itself.

[0039] (3) In the wood described in (1), Wood in which only the main body of the wood has been chemically treated. (3) The wood described can improve the durability of the wood itself.

[0040] (4) In the wood described in (1), Wood in which only the inlaid wood has been chemically treated. The wood described in (4) can be used to increase the hardness of the wood filler and improve its durability.

[0041] (5) Building materials made from wood as described in any of (1) through (4). (5) In the building materials described, damage to the wood filler that is embedded in the holes formed at the dead knots in the wood itself can be suppressed. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0042] 1... Building materials, 2... Deck, 3... Beams, 4... Skirting boards, 10... Flooring, 20... Lumber, 30... Main lumber, 31... Holes, 40... Wood fillers.

Claims

1. A piece of wood having a body in which holes are formed at the locations of dead knots, A piece of wood that is harder than the main body of the wood and has a wood inlay embedded in the hole.

2. In the wood described in claim 1, Wood in which the main body of the wood and the inlay have been chemically treated.

3. In the wood described in claim 1, Wood in which only the main body of the wood has been chemically treated.

4. In the wood described in claim 1, Wood in which only the inlaid wood has been chemically treated.

5. A building material made of wood as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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