Evaporator

Abstract

To provide an evaporator that can stably generate steam, is easy to manufacture, has high durability and reliability, and can be miniaturized. [Solution] The evaporator comprises a cylindrical member 10 through which a heating medium can flow, a heat exchange structure arranged radially inside the cylindrical member 10, and a jacket member 30 arranged radially outside the cylindrical member 10 at intervals to form a flow path for liquid and its vapor, and having a liquid supply port 31 and a vapor outlet 32.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an evaporator.

Background Art

[0002] Vapors such as water vapor are used in various fields such as humidifiers, absorption refrigerators, and fuel cells. As one method of generating vapor, there is a method using an evaporator (heat exchanger). For example, as a conventional evaporator that can be used for generating vapor, a finned tube heat exchanger in which fins are attached to tubes (heat transfer tubes) is known. Although the finned tube heat exchanger has high durability and reliability, it tends to become large in size because it is necessary to increase the size of the fins in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency and increase the amount of generated vapor. Therefore, from the viewpoint of improving the heat exchange efficiency and miniaturizing the heat exchanger, a plate fin stacked heat exchanger has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). The plate fin stacked heat exchanger can reduce the cross-sectional area of the heat transfer flow path compared to the finned tube heat exchanger, and it is possible to improve the heat exchange efficiency and miniaturize it. However, the plate fin stacked heat exchanger has low pressure resistance and strength due to its stacked structure, and has low durability and reliability.

[0003] Also known is a plate type heat exchanger in which a large number of plates are stacked and predetermined portions between the plates are joined by a brazing material or the like (for example, Patent Documents 2 to 4). However, in the plate type heat exchanger, assembly errors are likely to occur, and there is a risk that the medium flowing inside may leak due to displacement of the openings. Also, in the joining by a brazing material, the pressure resistance and strength are low, and the durability and reliability are low. Furthermore, in a plate type heat exchanger provided with plates formed into a waveform, the width dimension of the flow path in the stacking direction of the plates is not uniform, so uniform heat exchange cannot be achieved, and there is also a risk that the generation of vapor becomes unstable.

[0004] On the other hand, heat exchangers equipped with a honeycomb structure are also known (for example, Patent Document 5). These heat exchangers can achieve heat exchange performance equivalent to or better than that of plate heat exchangers, and also have high durability and reliability. However, since this heat exchanger is primarily designed for heat exchange between exhaust gas and refrigerant, its flow path structure is not suitable for steam generation, and therefore insufficient steam is produced. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7455290 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-61054 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-92367 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-37963 [Patent Document 5] International Publication No. 2016 / 185963 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an evaporator that can stably generate steam, is easy to manufacture, has high durability and reliability, and can be miniaturized. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The inventors conducted intensive research on evaporators and, as a result, discovered that the above problems could be solved by adopting a predetermined structure, thus completing the present invention. That is, the present invention is illustrated as follows.

[0008] <1> A cylindrical member through which a heating medium can flow, A heat exchange structure is disposed radially inside the cylindrical member, A jacket member is arranged at intervals on the radially outer side of the cylindrical member to form a flow path for liquid and its vapor, and has a liquid supply port and a vapor discharge port. An evaporator equipped with the following features.

[0009] <2> The flow path includes an evaporation region for evaporating the liquid and a heating region for heating the vapor. <1> The evaporator described above.

[0010] <3> The evaporator comprises an evaporation structure element including the cylindrical member, a first heat exchange structure disposed radially inside the cylindrical member, and the jacket member having a liquid supply port, and a heating structure element including the cylindrical member, a second heat exchange structure disposed radially inside the cylindrical member, the jacket member having a steam outlet, and a third heat exchange structure disposed between the cylindrical member and the jacket member. The evaporation structure element and the heating structure element are connected directly or indirectly. <1> or <2> The evaporator described above.

[0011] <4> The heat exchange structure is a honeycomb structure having an outer periphery wall and partition walls disposed inside the outer periphery wall, which divide a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face. The heating medium is capable of flowing through the cells of the honeycomb structure. <1> or <2> The evaporator described above.

[0012] <5> The heat exchange structure is a hollow honeycomb structure having an outer circumferential wall, an inner circumferential wall, and partition walls disposed between the outer circumferential wall and the inner circumferential wall, which divide a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face. The heating medium is capable of flowing through the cells of the hollow honeycomb structure. <1> or <2> The evaporator described above.

[0013] <6> A blocking member is arranged inside the inner peripheral wall to prevent the inflow of the heating medium. <5> The evaporator described above.

[0014] <7> The first heat exchange structure and the second heat exchange structure are a honeycomb structure having an outer peripheral wall and partition walls disposed inside the outer peripheral wall and partitioning and forming a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face, or a hollow honeycomb structure having an outer peripheral wall, an inner peripheral wall, and partition walls disposed between the outer peripheral wall and the inner peripheral wall and partitioning and forming a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face, and the heating medium can flow through the cells of the honeycomb structure or the hollow honeycomb structure. The third heat exchange structure is a hollow honeycomb structure having an outer peripheral wall, an inner peripheral wall, and partition walls disposed between the outer peripheral wall and the inner peripheral wall and partitioning and forming a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face, and the vapor can flow through the cells of the hollow honeycomb structure. The evaporator according to <3>.

[0015] <8> The evaporator according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein the flow direction of the heating medium and the flow direction of the liquid and its vapor are opposite to each other.

[0016] <9> The evaporator according to any one of <1> to <8>, which is a vertical evaporator arranged such that the axial direction of the cylindrical member is parallel to the vertical direction.

[0017] <10> The evaporator according to <9>, wherein the evaporation region is located below and the heating region is located above. <​​​​​​​​​​​​​<14> At least one selected from a honeycomb structure, metal fins, mesh material, and porous body is placed in the evaporation region. <13> The evaporator described above.

[0022] <15> A pipe having a plurality of discharge ports is introduced from the liquid supply port into the flow path between the cylindrical member and the jacket member, so as to cover the radially outer side of the cylindrical member, and the liquid can be discharged from the discharge ports. <13> The evaporator described above.

[0023] <16> This is a horizontal evaporator in which the axial direction of the cylindrical member is arranged to be parallel to the horizontal direction. <1> ~ <8> The evaporator described above.

[0024] <17> A partition plate is placed at a part of the boundary between the evaporation region and the heating region to suppress the flow of the liquid from the evaporation region into the heating region. <16> The evaporator described above.

[0025] <18> At least one selected from a honeycomb structure, metal fins, mesh material, and porous body is placed in the evaporation region. <16> or <17> The evaporator described above.

[0026] <19> The aforementioned liquid is water. <1> ~ <18> The evaporator described in any one of the following lists. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an evaporator that can stably generate steam, is easy to manufacture, has high durability and reliability, and can be miniaturized. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0028] [Figure 1] This is a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention flows. [Figure 2A] This is a cross-sectional view of the honeycomb structure, parallel to the direction in which the cells extend. [Figure 2B]This is a cross-sectional view of the honeycomb structure in Figure 2A along the line a-a'. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention flows. [Figure 4] This is a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention flows. [Figure 5A] This is a cross-sectional view of a hollow honeycomb structure, parallel to the direction in which the cells extend. [Figure 5B] Figure 5A is a cross-sectional view of the hollow honeycomb structure along the line b-b'. [Figure 6] This is a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention flows. [Figure 7] This is a schematic diagram illustrating how to introduce a pipe from the supply port. [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention flows. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention flows. [Figure 10] This is a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention flows. [Figure 11] This is a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention flows. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0029] The evaporator of the present invention comprises a cylindrical member through which a heating medium can flow, a heat exchange structure disposed radially inside the cylindrical member, and a jacket member disposed radially outside the cylindrical member at intervals to form a flow path for liquid and its vapor, and having a liquid supply port and a vapor outlet. With this structure, the evaporator of the present invention can stably generate vapor, is easy to manufacture, highly durable and reliable, and can be miniaturized. Specifically, the evaporator of the present invention can be miniaturized due to its high heat exchange efficiency between the heating medium and the liquid. Furthermore, because the components are arranged coaxially, the evaporator of the present invention has high pressure resistance and high strength because it can be manufactured by welding, thus ensuring durability and reliability. In addition, the evaporator of the present invention has a simple structure and no assembly errors, thus suppressing leakage of the heating medium and liquid. Moreover, because the evaporator of the present invention has a flow path structure suitable for vapor generation, it can stably generate vapor. In this specification, "evaporator" means a device capable of vaporizing (evaporating) a liquid. Specifically, an evaporator is a device that can vaporize a liquid by exchanging heat with a heating medium and the liquid absorbing heat.

[0030] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that modifications, improvements, etc., to the following embodiments, based on the ordinary knowledge of those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention, also fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0031] <Embodiment 1> Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, parallel to the direction in which the heating medium flows. As shown in Figure 1, the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention comprises a cylindrical member 10, a heat exchange structure (first heat exchange structure 20A, second heat exchange structure 20B, and third heat exchange structure 20C), and a jacket member 30. The cylindrical member 10 allows a heating medium M2 to flow through its interior. The first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B are arranged radially inside the cylindrical member 10. The first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B may be a single heat exchange structure that spans both the evaporation region R1 and the heating region R2. The third heat exchange structure 20C is arranged between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30 in the heating region R2. The jacket member 30 is arranged radially outside the cylindrical member 10 at intervals to constitute a flow path for liquid M1 and its vapor, and has a liquid M1 supply port 31 and a vapor outlet 32. The flow path formed between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30 includes an evaporation region R1 for evaporating the liquid M1 and a heating region R2 for heating the steam. This heat exchanger is a vertical evaporator positioned such that the axial direction of the cylindrical member 10 is parallel to the vertical direction, with the evaporation region R1 located below and the heating region R2 located above. Here, in this specification, "evaporation region R1" refers to the flow path in the region located radially outside the cylindrical member 10 on which the first heat exchange structure 20A is arranged, and corresponds to the upstream region of the flow path with respect to the flow direction of liquid M1 and vapor. Furthermore, "heating region R2" refers to the flow path in the region located radially outside the cylindrical member 10 on which the second heat exchange structure 20B is arranged, and corresponds to the downstream region of the flow path with respect to the flow direction of liquid M1 and vapor.

[0032] In the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, when liquid M1 is supplied from the supply port 31, the liquid M1 vaporizes (evaporates) in the evaporation region R1 through heat exchange with the heating medium M2 circulating inside the cylindrical member 10. The vapor flows into the heating region R2, is heated, and is discharged from the outlet 32. Therefore, this evaporator can stably generate vapor. Furthermore, since this evaporator has a simple structure consisting of a cylindrical member 10, a heat exchange structure (first heat exchange structure 20A, second heat exchange structure 20B, and third heat exchange structure 20C), and a jacket member 30, it is easy to manufacture, has high durability and reliability, and can be easily miniaturized.

[0033] The following describes the detailed structure of the evaporator.

[0034] (Cylindrical member 10) The cylindrical member 10 allows the heating medium M2 to flow through its interior. The cylindrical member 10 also partially houses a heat exchange structure (a first heat exchange structure 20A and a second heat exchange structure 20B) inside. The diameter (outer and inner diameter) of the cylindrical member 10 may be uniform along the axial direction, but at least a portion of it (for example, both ends in the axial direction) may be reduced in diameter or increased in diameter.

[0035] The material of the cylindrical member 10 is not particularly limited, but it is preferably metal from the viewpoint of manufacturability. Furthermore, if the cylindrical member 10 is made of metal, it is advantageous in that it can be easily welded to the jacket member 30, which will be described later. As the material of the cylindrical member 10, for example, stainless steel, titanium alloy, copper alloy, aluminum alloy, brass, etc., can be used. Among these, stainless steel is preferred because it has high durability and reliability and is inexpensive.

[0036] The thickness of the cylindrical member 10 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.3 mm or more, and even more preferably 0.5 mm or more. By making the thickness of the cylindrical member 10 0.1 mm or more, durability and reliability can be ensured. Furthermore, the thickness of the cylindrical member 10 is preferably 10 mm or less, more preferably 5 mm or less, and even more preferably 3 mm or less. By making the thickness of the cylindrical member 10 10 mm or less, it is possible to reduce the weight of the evaporator and improve heat recovery performance.

[0037] (Heat exchange structure) The first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B are arranged radially inside (inside) the cylindrical member 10. Specifically, the first heat exchange structure 20A is positioned radially inside (inside) the cylindrical member 10 on the downstream side, with reference to the flow direction of the heating medium M2. The second heat exchange structure 20B is positioned radially inside (inside) the cylindrical member 10 on the upstream side, with reference to the flow direction of the heating medium M2. The third heat exchange structure 20C is positioned between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30 in the heating region R2. The first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B are not particularly limited as long as they have a structure that can transfer heat from the heating medium M2 to the cylindrical member 10, and various known structures can be used. The third heat exchange structure 20C is not particularly limited as long as it has a structure that can heat the steam with the heat transferred to the cylindrical member 10, and various known structures can be used. For example, the first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B can be known heat exchangers having fins or the like inside the cylindrical member 10. Among these, the first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B are preferably honeycomb structures from the viewpoint of heat exchange efficiency. The third heat exchange structure 20C can be known heat exchangers having fins or the like outside the cylindrical member 10. Among these, the third heat exchange structure 20C is preferably a hollow honeycomb structure from the viewpoint of steam heating efficiency.

[0038] Here, Figure 2A shows a cross-sectional view of the honeycomb structure that can be used in the first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B, parallel to the direction in which the cells extend, and Figure 2B shows a cross-sectional view of the honeycomb structure in Figure 2A along the line a-a' (a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the direction in which the cells extend). As shown in Figure 2A, the honeycomb structure has an outer peripheral wall 21 and partition walls 25 disposed inside the outer peripheral wall 21, which divide and form a plurality of cells 24 extending from the first end face 22 to the second end face 23. The honeycomb structure is positioned radially inside (inside) the cylindrical member 10, and the heating medium M2 flows through the cells 24 of the honeycomb structure. By using honeycomb structures having such a structure as the first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B, the heat of the heating medium M2 flowing inside the cells 24 can be efficiently transferred to the liquid M1 flowing around the outer circumference of the cylindrical member 10.

[0039] Furthermore, Figure 5A shows a cross-sectional view of a hollow honeycomb structure that can be used in the third heat exchange structure 20C, parallel to the direction in which the cells extend, and Figure 5B shows a cross-sectional view of the hollow honeycomb structure of Figure 5A along the line b-b' (a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the direction in which the cells extend). As shown in Figure 5A, the hollow honeycomb structure has an outer peripheral wall 21, an inner peripheral wall 26, and a partition wall 25 disposed between the outer peripheral wall 21 and the inner peripheral wall 26, which divides a plurality of cells 24 extending from the first end face 22 to the second end face 23. The hollow honeycomb structure is positioned radially outside (outside) the cylindrical member 10, and the heating medium M2 (steam) flows through the cells 24 of the hollow honeycomb structure. By using a hollow honeycomb structure having such a structure as the third heat exchange structure 20C, the steam can be heated efficiently.

[0040] There are no particular limitations on how the honeycomb structure is arranged on the cylindrical member 10, but it is preferable that the cylindrical member 10 is fitted into the outer peripheral wall 21 of the honeycomb structure. Fixing it by fitting suppresses displacement of the honeycomb structure within the cylindrical member 10. There are no particular limitations on how the hollow honeycomb structure is arranged between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30, but it is preferable that the cylindrical member 10 is fitted into the inner peripheral wall 26 of the hollow honeycomb structure and the jacket member 30 is fitted into the outer peripheral wall 21 of the hollow honeycomb structure. Fixing it by fitting suppresses displacement of the hollow honeycomb structure between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30. Herein, in this specification, "fitting" means being fixed in a state where parts are fitted together. Therefore, fitting includes not only fixing methods by fitting, such as crevice fit, interference fit, and shrink fit, but also cases where parts are fixed together by brazing, welding, diffusion bonding, etc.

[0041] The shape (outer shape) of the honeycomb structure is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the shape of the cylindrical member 10. For example, the shape (outer shape) of the honeycomb structure can be a circle as shown in Figure 2B, or an ellipse, a square, or other polygon in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the cells 24 extend. The external shape and hollow shape of the hollow honeycomb structure are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the shapes of the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30. For example, the external shape and hollow shape of the hollow honeycomb structure can be circular as shown in Figure 5B, or elliptical, quadrilateral, or other polygonal in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the cells 24 extend. The shape of cell 24 is not particularly limited, and in a cross-section perpendicular to the direction in which cell 24 extends, it can be a rectangle as shown in Figure 2B, or a circle, ellipse, triangle, hexagon, or other polygon.

[0042] Since the outer perimeter wall 21 is the outer surface of the honeycomb structure, it is preferable that it be thicker than the partition wall 25 from the viewpoint of increasing resistance to external impacts. Specifically, the thickness of the outer perimeter wall 21 is preferably 1.2 to 15 times the thickness of the partition wall 25, and more preferably 1.5 to 10 times. By controlling the thickness of the outer perimeter wall 21 to this extent, resistance to external impacts and other factors can be improved. The thickness of the outer periphery wall 21 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, and even more preferably 1 to 3 mm.

[0043] The thickness of the partition wall 25 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 1.0 mm, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.6 mm. By making the thickness of the partition wall 25 0.05 mm or more, the mechanical strength of the honeycomb structure can be made sufficient. On the other hand, by making the thickness of the partition wall 25 1.0 mm or less, problems such as increased pressure loss due to a reduction in the opening area can be suppressed.

[0044] The diameter (outer diameter) of the outer periphery wall 21 of the honeycomb structure and the hollow honeycomb structure in a cross-section perpendicular to the direction in which the cell 24 extends is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 to 200 mm, more preferably 30 to 150 mm. By setting such a diameter, the heat exchange efficiency can be increased. If the outer periphery wall 21 is not circular, the diameter of the outer periphery wall 21 is defined as the diameter of the largest inscribed circle that is inscribed in the cross-sectional shape of the outer periphery wall 21.

[0045] The partition wall 25 may have a first partition wall extending in the circumferential direction and a second partition wall extending in the radial direction in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the cells 24 of the honeycomb structure extend (see, for example, Figure 5B described later). With this configuration, heat exchange between the heating medium M2 flowing through the cells 24 and the liquid M1 flowing around the outer circumference of the cylindrical member 10 can be efficiently performed, and the vaporization (evaporation) of the liquid M1 can be facilitated.

[0046] The thickness of the inner circumferential wall 26 in the hollow honeycomb structure is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ensuring resistance to thermal stress, it is preferably 0.1 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 5 mm, and even more preferably 1 mm to 3 mm. Furthermore, the diameter (inner diameter) of the inner circumferential wall 26 of the hollow honeycomb structure in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the cell 24 extends is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50 mm, more preferably 2 to 30 mm. If the cross-sectional shape of the inner circumferential wall 26 is not circular, the diameter of the inner circumferential wall 26 is defined as the diameter of the largest inscribed circle that is inscribed in the cross-sectional shape of the inner circumferential wall 26.

[0047] The honeycomb structure (outer wall 21 and partition wall 25) and the hollow honeycomb structure (outer wall 21, partition wall 25 and inner wall 26) are preferably made primarily of ceramics. "Made primarily of ceramics" means that the mass ratio of ceramics to the total mass of all components is 50% by mass or more. By using ceramics, it is possible to reduce weight while suppressing rust and deformation.

[0048] While there are no particular limitations on the ceramic material, it is preferable that it be mainly composed of silicon carbide (SiC). Examples of ceramics mainly composed of silicon carbide (SiC) include Si-impregnated SiC, (Si+Al)-impregnated SiC, metal-composite SiC, recrystallized SiC, Si3N4, and SiC. Among these, Si-impregnated SiC and (Si+Al)-impregnated SiC are preferred because they can be manufactured inexpensively and have high thermal conductivity.

[0049] The cell density (i.e., the number of cells 24 per unit area) of the honeycomb structure and hollow honeycomb structure in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the cells 24 extend is not particularly limited, but is preferably 4 to 320 cells / cm². 2 The cell density is 4 cells / cm². 2 By doing so, the strength of the partition wall 25, and consequently the strength and effective GSA (geometric surface area) of the honeycomb structure and the hollow honeycomb structure can be sufficiently ensured. Furthermore, the cell density is set to 320 cells / cm². 2By doing the following, it is possible to suppress the increase in pressure loss when the heating medium M2 or steam flows.

[0050] The isostatic strength of the honeycomb structure and the hollow honeycomb structure is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 MPa or more, more preferably 150 MPa or more, and even more preferably 200 MPa or more. By setting the isostatic strength of the honeycomb structure and the hollow honeycomb structure to 100 MPa or more, the durability of the honeycomb structure and the hollow honeycomb structure can be improved. Herein, "isostatic strength" as used herein can be measured in accordance with the method for measuring isostatic strength specified in JASO standard M505-87, an automotive standard issued by the Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan.

[0051] The thermal conductivity of the honeycomb structure and the hollow honeycomb structure is not particularly limited, but at 25°C, it is preferably 50 W / (m·K) or higher, more preferably 100 to 300 W / (m·K), and even more preferably 120 to 300 W / (m·K). By setting the thermal conductivity of the honeycomb structure and the hollow honeycomb structure within this range, the heat from the heating medium M2 can be efficiently transferred to the liquid M1, and the vaporization (evaporation) of the liquid M1 can be promoted. Here, "thermal conductivity" as used herein refers to the value measured by the laser flash method (JIS R1611:1997).

[0052] (Method for manufacturing honeycomb structures and hollow honeycomb structures) Honeycomb structures and hollow honeycomb structures can be manufactured according to methods known in the art. For example, honeycomb structures and hollow honeycomb structures can be manufactured according to the methods described below. First, a clay mold containing ceramic powder is extruded into a desired shape to produce a honeycomb molded body or a hollow honeycomb molded body. At this time, by selecting a suitable die and jig, the thickness of the outer peripheral wall 21, partition wall 25 and inner peripheral wall 26, the shape of the cells 24, the cell density, etc., can be controlled. For example, when producing a honeycomb molded body or a hollow honeycomb molded body mainly composed of Si-impregnated SiC composite material, a predetermined amount of SiC powder is mixed with a binder and water or an organic solvent, the resulting mixture is kneaded to form a clay mold, and then molded to obtain a honeycomb molded body of the desired shape. Next, a honeycomb structure or a hollow honeycomb structure can be obtained by impregnating and firing a honeycomb molded body or a hollow honeycomb molded body with metallic Si in a reduced-pressure inert gas or vacuum.

[0053] (Jacket component 30) The jacket members 30 are arranged at intervals on the radially outer side of the cylindrical member 10 to form a flow path for the liquid M1. Preferably, the axial direction of the jacket member 30 coincides with the axial direction of the cylindrical member 10 and the heat exchange structure, and the central axis of the jacket member 30 coincides with the central axis of the cylindrical member 10 and the heat exchange structure.

[0054] The jacket member 30 has a liquid M1 supply port 31 and a steam outlet 32. The supply port 31 is located in the evaporation region R1, and the outlet 32 ​​is located in the heating region R2. In particular, from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient evaporation of the liquid M1, it is preferable that the supply port 31 be located upstream in the evaporation region R1, with reference to the flow direction of the liquid M1 and steam. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient heating of the steam, it is preferable that the outlet 32 ​​be located downstream in the heating region R2, with reference to the flow direction of the liquid M1 and steam.

[0055] Preferably, the jacket member 30 is arranged such that the inner circumferential surfaces of its upstream end and downstream end are in direct or indirect contact with the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical member 10, with reference to the flow direction of the liquid M1 and vapor. The method for fixing the inner circumferential surfaces of the upstream and downstream ends of the jacket member 30 to the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical member 10 is not particularly limited, but in addition to fixing methods by fitting such as gap fit, interference fit, and shrink fit, brazing, welding, diffusion bonding, etc., can be used.

[0056] The diameter (outer and inner diameter) of the jacket member 30 may be uniform along the axial direction, but at least a portion of it (for example, the axial center, both ends, etc.) may be reduced in diameter or increased in diameter. The material of the jacket member 30 is not particularly limited, and the same materials as those described above for the cylindrical member 10 can be used. The thickness of the jacket member 30 is not particularly limited, and the same thickness as described above for the thickness of the cylindrical member 10 can be used.

[0057] (Manufacturing method for evaporators) The evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention can be manufactured using the above-mentioned components in accordance with methods known in the art. For example, the evaporator can be manufactured according to the method described below. First, the first heat exchange structure 20A and the second heat exchange structure 20B are inserted into the cylindrical member 10 and fixed in place. Next, the third heat exchange structure 20C and the jacket member 30 are positioned and fixed on the radially outer side of the cylindrical member 10. The arrangement and fixing order of each component are not limited to those described above and may be changed as appropriate within the limits of what is feasible to manufacture. Furthermore, the fixing method may be the one described above.

[0058] (How to use the evaporator) In the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, liquid M1 is supplied from the supply port 31 of the jacket member 30. The liquid M1 supplied to the evaporation region R1 exchanges heat with the heating medium M2 by the first heat exchange structure 20A inside the cylindrical member 10 and vaporizes (evaporates). The steam generated in the evaporation region R1 flows into the heating region R2. In the heating region R2, the heat exchanged with the heating medium M2 by the second heat exchange structure 20B inside the cylindrical member 10 is transferred to the third heat exchange structure 20C via the cylindrical member 10. Because the third heat exchange structure 20C has a large heat transfer surface, it can efficiently heat the steam. The heated steam is then discharged from the outlet 32. The discharged steam is supplied to a predetermined location by piping connected to the outlet 32 ​​and used.

[0059] The liquid M1 used in the evaporator is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the application of the evaporator, but when used in an evaporator that generates water vapor, the liquid M1 is water. The heating medium M2 used in the evaporator is not particularly limited and may be in liquid or gaseous form. For example, exhaust gas discharged from an internal combustion engine can be used as the heating medium M2.

[0060] The flow direction of the heating medium M2 and the flow direction of the liquid M1 and its vapor are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of heat exchange efficiency, it is preferable that the flow direction of the heating medium M2 and the flow direction of the liquid M1 and its vapor are opposite to each other, as shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, if the flow direction of the heating medium M2 and the flow direction of the liquid M1 and its vapor are the same, then in the evaporator shown in Figure 1, the positions of the supply port 31 and the discharge port 32 of the jacket member 30 can be reversed.

[0061] <Embodiment 2> Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, parallel to the direction in which the heating medium flows. Note that components having the same reference numerals as those described in the description of the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention are the same components as those in the evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Therefore, a detailed description of the same components will be omitted, and only the different components will be described. As shown in Figure 3, the evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention comprises an evaporation structure element 40 including a cylindrical member 10, a first heat exchange structure 20A, and a jacket member 30 having a liquid M1 supply port 31, and a heating structure element 41 including a cylindrical member 10, a jacket member 30 having a steam outlet 32, a second heat exchange structure 20B, and a third heat exchange structure 20C, with the evaporation structure element 40 and the heating structure element 41 being directly connected. Here, the evaporation structure element 40 and the heating structure element 41 may be indirectly joined via other members such as joining members.

[0062] The evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention corresponds to a heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention in which the portion including the evaporation region R1 (evaporation structural element 40) and the portion including the heating region R2 (heating structural element 41) are individually manufactured and joined together. Therefore, the evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention can be manufactured by manufacturing the evaporation structural element 40 and the heating structural element 41 in accordance with the manufacturing method of the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and joining them directly or indirectly. The joining method is not particularly limited, and any known method such as welding may be used.

[0063] Therefore, the evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is the same as the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, except that the evaporation structural element 40 and the heating structural element 41 are manufactured separately. Thus, it can be used in the same way as the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and the same effects can be obtained. In other words, the evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention can stably generate steam, is easy to manufacture, has high durability and reliability, and is easy to miniaturize.

[0064] <Embodiment 3> Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, parallel to the direction in which the heating medium flows. Note that components having the same reference numerals as those described in the descriptions of the evaporators according to Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention are the same components as those in the evaporator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Therefore, a detailed description of the same components will be omitted, and only the different components will be described. As shown in Figure 4, the evaporator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention has a hollow first heat exchange structure 20A having a cavity in the center in a cross section perpendicular to the direction in which the heating medium M2 flows, and a blocking member 50 is arranged in the hollow part. A hollow honeycomb structure can be used as the first heat exchange structure 20A with such a structure. Here, Figure 5A shows a cross-sectional view of the hollow honeycomb structure parallel to the direction in which the cells extend, and Figure 5B shows a cross-sectional view of the hollow honeycomb structure in Figure 5A along the line b-b' (a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the direction in which the cells extend). As shown in Figure 5A, the hollow honeycomb structure has an outer peripheral wall 21, an inner peripheral wall 26, and a partition wall 25 disposed between the outer peripheral wall 21 and the inner peripheral wall 26, which divides a plurality of cells 24 extending from a first end face 22 to a second end face 23. The hollow honeycomb structure is arranged radially inside (inside) the cylindrical member 10, and the heating medium M2 flows through the cells 24 of the hollow honeycomb structure. In addition, a blocking member 50 is arranged inside the inner peripheral wall 26 of the hollow honeycomb structure to prevent the inflow of the heating medium M2. By arranging the hollow honeycomb structure and the blocking member 50 inside the cylindrical member 10, the heat transfer distance of the heating medium M2 is shortened, so that the heat of the heating medium M2 can be transferred more efficiently by the liquid M1 flowing around the outer circumference of the cylindrical member 10. The details of the hollow honeycomb structure are as explained above, so we will omit further explanation.

[0065] The blocking member 50 is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of preventing the inflow of the heating medium M2. Since the blocking member 50 is exposed to the heating medium M2, it is preferable that it has resistance to the heating medium M2. The blocking member 50 can be formed from, for example, ceramics, glass, metal, etc. The position of the blocking member 50 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent the heating medium M2 from flowing into the hollow portion (the inner region of the inner peripheral wall 26), but it is preferable that it be positioned on the upstream side with respect to the flow direction of the heating medium M2. The method of fixing the blocking member 50 is not particularly limited, and fixing methods by fitting such as gap fitting, interference fit, and shrink fitting, as well as brazing, welding, diffusion bonding, etc., can be used.

[0066] In the above description, the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention were explained using the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a reference. However, the same effects can be obtained when the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention are applied to the evaporator according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0067] <Embodiment 4> Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, parallel to the direction in which the heating medium flows. Note that components having the same reference numerals as those described in the descriptions of the evaporators according to Embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention are the same components as those in the evaporator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Therefore, a detailed description of the same components will be omitted, and only the different components will be described. As shown in Figure 6, the evaporator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention has a jacket member 30 further having a gas supply port 33 for gas M3. By supplying gas M3 from the supply port 33, the liquid M1 supplied from the supply port 31 is agitated, which facilitates the vaporization (evaporation) of the liquid M1.

[0068] The gas supply port 33 for gas M3 is located in the evaporation region R1, similar to the liquid supply port 31 for liquid M1, because it is necessary to agitate the liquid M1. In particular, the gas supply port 33 for gas M3 is preferably located upstream in the evaporation region R1, with reference to the flow direction of liquid M1 and vapor, from the viewpoint of sufficiently agitating the liquid M1 and promoting vaporization (evaporation).

[0069] There are no particular limitations on the method of supplying gas M3 from the supply port 33, but as shown in Figure 7, a pipe 60 having a plurality of discharge ports 61 arranged to cover the radially outer side of the cylindrical member 10 within the flow path between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30 can be introduced from the gas supply port 33, and gas M3 can be discharged from the discharge ports 61. By discharging gas M3 using such a pipe 60, gas M3 can be supplied to the entire flow path between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30, thereby increasing the stirring effect of the liquid M1. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the method of introducing a pipe from the supply port 33 (a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the direction in which the heating medium of the evaporator flows, when viewing the evaporation region R1 from the downstream side with reference to the flow direction of liquid M1 and steam).

[0070] The gas M3 supplied from the supply port 33 is not particularly limited, and various gases can be used. For example, air can be used as gas M3.

[0071] The evaporator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention can be manufactured in the same manner as the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, except that a gas supply port 33 for gas M3 is provided in the jacket member 30. Furthermore, when introducing the pipe 60 into the supply port 33, the jacket member 30 with the pipe 60 introduced into the supply port 33 can be manufactured and then combined with the other members.

[0072] In the above description, the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention were explained using the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a reference. However, the same effects can be obtained when the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention are applied to the evaporators according to Embodiments 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0073] <Embodiment 5> Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, parallel to the direction in which the heating medium flows. Note that components having the same reference numerals as those described in the descriptions of the evaporators according to Embodiments 1 to 4 of the present invention are the same components as those in the evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Therefore, a detailed description of the same components will be omitted, and only the different components will be described. The evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, is a vertical evaporator in which the axial direction of the cylindrical member 10 is arranged parallel to the vertical direction, with the evaporation region R1 located at the top and the heating region R2 located at the bottom. A holding member 70 is also arranged in the evaporation region R1. With this configuration, the liquid M1 supplied from the supply port 31 is easily held in the evaporation region R1 by the holding member 70 until it vaporizes (evaporates), thus enabling stable generation of vapor.

[0074] The retaining member 70 is not particularly limited, but is preferably at least one selected from a honeycomb structure, metal fins, mesh material, and porous material. Such a member can stably hold the liquid M1 until it vaporizes (evaporates). In this specification, "porous" means having pores. The pores may be open or closed. The porosity is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 40% or more, and even more preferably 50% or more. The porosity is measured by the mercury intrusion method in accordance with JIS R1655:2003. The honeycomb structure, metal fins, mesh material, and porous body are not particularly limited, and known structures made of various materials can be used.

[0075] The evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention can be manufactured in the same manner as the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, except that the retaining member 70 is placed in the evaporation region R1. The timing of placing the retaining member 70 in the evaporation region R1 is not particularly limited and can be done at a time when it is easy to place the retaining member 70 in the evaporation region R1.

[0076] In the above description, the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention were explained using the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a reference. However, the same effects can be obtained when the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention are applied to the evaporators according to Embodiments 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0077] <Embodiment 6> Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention, parallel to the direction in which the heating medium flows. Note that components having the same reference numerals as those described in the descriptions of the evaporators according to Embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention are the same components as those in the evaporator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. Therefore, a detailed description of the same components will be omitted, and only the different components will be described. The evaporator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention, as shown in Figure 9, is a vertical evaporator in which the axial direction of the cylindrical member 10 is arranged parallel to the vertical direction, with the evaporation region R1 located at the top and the heating region R2 located at the bottom. A holding member 70 is also arranged in the evaporation region R1. With this configuration, the liquid M1 supplied from the supply port 31 is easily held in the evaporation region R1 by the holding member 70 until it vaporizes (evaporates), thus enabling stable generation of vapor. Furthermore, a pipe 60 having a plurality of discharge ports 61 arranged to cover the radially outer side of the cylindrical member 10 is introduced from the liquid M1 supply port 31 into the flow path between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30. Liquid M1 can be discharged from the discharge ports 61. By discharging liquid M1 using such a pipe 60, liquid M1 can be supplied to the entire flow path between the cylindrical member 10 and the jacket member 30, making it easier for the liquid M1 to vaporize (evaporate). The method of introducing this pipe 60 is the same as that of the evaporator according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0078] The evaporator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention can be manufactured in the same manner as the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, except that the holding member 70 is placed in the evaporation region R1 and the pipe 60 is introduced into the supply port 31. When introducing the pipe 60 into the supply port 31, a jacket member 30 with the pipe 60 introduced into the supply port 31 is manufactured and then combined with the other members.

[0079] In the above description, the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention were explained using the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a reference. However, the same effects can be obtained when the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention are applied to the evaporators according to Embodiments 2 and 3 of the present invention.

[0080] <Embodiment 7> Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention, parallel to the direction in which the heating medium flows. Note that components having the same reference numerals as those described in the descriptions of the evaporators according to Embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention are the same components as those in the evaporator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. Therefore, a detailed description of the same components will be omitted, and only the different components will be described. The evaporator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention is a horizontal evaporator, as shown in Figure 10, in which the axial direction of the cylindrical member 10 is arranged to be parallel to the horizontal direction. Furthermore, a partition plate 80 is placed at a part of the boundary between the evaporation region R1 and the heating region R2 to suppress the flow of liquid M1 from the evaporation region R1 to the heating region R2. By providing such a partition plate 80, the flow of liquid M1 into the heating region R2 while remaining in liquid form is suppressed, and the liquid M1 can be sufficiently vaporized (evaporated) in the evaporation region R1, thereby increasing the amount of vapor generated.

[0081] The installation position of the partition plate 80 is not particularly limited as long as it is within the flow path located at the boundary between the evaporation region R1 and the heating region R2. Furthermore, it is preferable that the partition plate 80 has a shape that completely blocks the flow path on the lower side and leaves a portion of the flow path on the upper side open. An example of such a shape is a ring shape with a notch formed on the upper side, as shown in Figure 10. By making the partition plate 80 such a shape, it is possible to suppress the flow of liquid M1 accumulated in the evaporation region R1 into the heating region R2 while allowing the liquid M1 evaporated in the evaporation region R1 to flow into the heating region R2 from the open flow path on the upper side. The material of the partition plate 80 is not particularly limited, and ceramics, glass, metal, etc., can be used.

[0082] The evaporator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention can be manufactured in the same manner as the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, except that a partition plate 80 is placed in a part of the boundary between the evaporation region R1 and the heating region R2. For example, when the partition plate 80 is installed on the outer surface of the cylindrical member 10, the partition plate 80 can be installed on the outer surface of the cylindrical member 10 in advance and then combined with the other members. Also, when the partition plate 80 is installed on the inner surface of the jacket member 30, the partition plate 80 can be installed on the inner surface of the jacket member 30 in advance and then combined with the other members.

[0083] In the above description, the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention were explained using the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a reference. However, the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention can also be applied to the evaporators according to Embodiments 2 to 4 of the present invention to obtain the same effects as described above.

[0084] <Embodiment 8> Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of the evaporator according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention, parallel to the direction in which the heating medium flows. Note that components having the same reference numerals as those described in the descriptions of the evaporators according to Embodiments 1 to 7 of the present invention are the same components as those in the evaporator according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention. Therefore, a detailed description of the same components will be omitted, and only the different components will be described. The evaporator according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention is a horizontal evaporator, as shown in Figure 11, in which the axial direction of the cylindrical member 10 is arranged to be parallel to the horizontal direction. A holding member 70 is also arranged in the evaporation region R1. With this configuration, the liquid M1 supplied from the supply port 31 is more easily held in the evaporation region R1 by the holding member 70 until it vaporizes (evaporates), thus enabling stable generation of vapor.

[0085] The retaining member 70 is not particularly limited, but it is preferably at least one selected from a honeycomb structure, metal fins, mesh material, and porous material. Such a member can stably hold the liquid M1 until it vaporizes (evaporates). The honeycomb structure, metal fins, mesh material, and porous body are not particularly limited, and known structures made of various materials can be used.

[0086] The evaporator according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention can be manufactured in the same manner as the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, except that the retaining member 70 is placed in the evaporation region R1. The timing of placing the retaining member 70 in the evaporation region R1 is not particularly limited and can be done at a time when it is easy to place the retaining member 70 in the evaporation region R1.

[0087] In the above description, the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention were explained using the evaporator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention as a reference. However, the same effects can be obtained when the features of the evaporator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention are applied to the evaporators according to Embodiments 2 and 3 of the present invention. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0088] 10. Cylindrical member 20A First heat exchange structure 20B 2nd heat exchange structure 20C 3rd heat exchange structure 21 Outer wall 22 First end surface 23 Second end face 24 cells 25 Bulkhead 26 Inner wall 30 Jacket components 31 Supply port 32 Outlet 33 Supply port 40 Evaporation structure elements 41 Heating structural elements 50 Barrier 60 pipes 61 Discharge port 70 Retaining member 80 partition plates M1 liquid M2 heating medium M3 Gas R1 Evaporation region R2 heating area

Claims

1. A cylindrical member through which a heating medium can flow, A heat exchange structure is disposed radially inside the cylindrical member, A jacket member is arranged at intervals on the radially outer side of the cylindrical member to form a flow path for liquid and its vapor, and has a liquid supply port and a vapor discharge port. An evaporator equipped with the following features.

2. The evaporator according to claim 1, wherein the flow path includes an evaporation region for evaporating the liquid and a heating region for heating the vapor.

3. The evaporator comprises an evaporation structure element including the cylindrical member, a first heat exchange structure disposed radially inside the cylindrical member, and the jacket member having a liquid supply port, and a heating structure element including the cylindrical member, a second heat exchange structure disposed radially inside the cylindrical member, the jacket member having a steam outlet, and a third heat exchange structure disposed between the cylindrical member and the jacket member. The evaporator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the evaporation structural element and the heating structural element are directly or indirectly connected.

4. The heat exchange structure is a honeycomb structure having an outer periphery wall and partition walls disposed inside the outer periphery wall, which divide a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face. The evaporator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating medium is circulating through the cells of the honeycomb structure.

5. The heat exchange structure is a hollow honeycomb structure having an outer circumferential wall, an inner circumferential wall, and partition walls disposed between the outer circumferential wall and the inner circumferential wall, which divide a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face. The evaporator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating medium can flow through the cells of the hollow honeycomb structure.

6. The evaporator according to claim 5, wherein a blocking member for preventing the inflow of the heating medium is arranged inside the inner peripheral wall.

7. The first heat exchange structure and the second heat exchange structure are honeycomb structures having an outer peripheral wall and a partition wall disposed inside the outer peripheral wall and forming a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face, or hollow honeycomb structures having an outer peripheral wall, an inner peripheral wall and a partition wall disposed between the outer peripheral wall and the inner peripheral wall and forming a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face, wherein the heating medium can flow through the cells of the honeycomb structure or the hollow honeycomb structure. The evaporator according to claim 3, wherein the third heat exchange structure is a hollow honeycomb structure having an outer peripheral wall, an inner peripheral wall, and a partition wall disposed between the outer peripheral wall and the inner peripheral wall, which partitions a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face, and the steam is able to flow through the cells of the hollow honeycomb structure.

8. The evaporator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flow direction of the heating medium and the flow direction of the liquid and its vapor are opposite each other.

9. The evaporator according to claim 2, wherein the axial direction of the cylindrical member is arranged to be parallel to the vertical direction.

10. The evaporator according to claim 9, wherein the evaporation region is located below and the heating region is located above.

11. The evaporator according to claim 10, wherein the jacket member further has a gas supply port.

12. The evaporator according to claim 11, wherein a pipe having a plurality of discharge ports arranged to cover the radially outer side of the cylindrical member is introduced from the gas supply port into the flow path between the cylindrical member and the jacket member, and the gas can be discharged from the discharge ports.

13. The evaporator according to claim 9, wherein the evaporation region is located above and the heating region is located below.

14. The evaporator according to claim 13, wherein at least one selected from a honeycomb structure, metal fins, mesh material, and porous body is arranged in the evaporation region.

15. The evaporator according to claim 13, wherein a pipe having a plurality of discharge ports arranged to cover the radially outer side of the cylindrical member is introduced from the liquid supply port into the flow path between the cylindrical member and the jacket member, and the liquid can be discharged from the discharge ports.

16. The evaporator according to claim 2, wherein the axial direction of the cylindrical member is arranged to be parallel to the horizontal direction.

17. The evaporator according to claim 16, wherein a partition plate is arranged at a part of the boundary between the evaporation region and the heating region to suppress the flow of the liquid from the evaporation region into the heating region.

18. The evaporator according to claim 16, wherein at least one selected from a honeycomb structure, metal fins, mesh material, and porous body is arranged in the evaporation region.

19. The evaporator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the liquid is water.

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