Rock bolt insertion device, rock bolt installation vehicle equipped with rock bolt insertion device, rock bolt installation method

Abstract

The objective is to provide a rock bolt insertion device, a rock bolt installation vehicle, and a rock bolt installation method that can improve the stability of rock bolts during the insertion process. [Solution] The bolt pressing portion 63 is a member that has a disc portion with a projection 63a extending forward on the edge of the front-facing surface and an inclined portion 63b where the axis of the front-facing surface is located behind the outer edge portion, and a rod fixing portion 63c, which is a small-diameter projection coaxial with the axis of the disc portion, formed on the rear surface of the disc portion, and is fixed to the guide rod 61 by fitting a part of itself into the small-diameter portion that protrudes from the end face of the guide rod 61. The slide cover 64 is a member with a plate 64b fixed to the rear side of a cylindrical cover member 64a, and covers the entire bolt pressing portion 63 from the outer circumference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technique for driving rock bolts.

Background Art

[0002] Rock bolts are driven, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, in construction work such as tunnel construction, excavation of tunnels in mines, and earthwork for reinforcing tunnels, in order to reinforce the peripheral wall surfaces of tunnels and tunnels, cuttings, etc.

[0003] In the conventional configuration, including the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1, the rock bolts stored in the rock bolt magazine are pulled out from the rock bolt magazine and used. Also, in the conventional configuration, the rock bolt magazine is held by a member that holds the rock bolts so that the rock bolts do not fall due to vibration or posture. And the configuration (receiving portion) for receiving the rock bolts from the rock bolt magazine also includes a member that holds the rock bolts, and after holding the received rock bolts, the rock bolts are moved away from the rock bolt magazine. At this time, when the force of the receiving portion holding the rock bolts exceeds the force of the rock bolt magazine holding the rock bolts, the rock bolts are pulled out from the rock bolt magazine.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Such lock bolt holders hold the lock bolts using the elasticity of the material, and deform the material when receiving and releasing the lock bolts. Therefore, if the material deteriorates due to repeated use, the ability to hold the lock bolts will decrease, and eventually the lock bolt holder will need to be replaced with a new one.

[0006] Therefore, in order to eliminate this hassle, a mechanical clamp that can change between a position in which the lock bolt is held and a position in which it is released can be used in the lock bolt holding part, and a configuration can be considered in which the lock bolt holding part is moved out of the movement path of the drifter as the drifter moves forward.

[0007] However, with a lock bolt holding mechanism using such a mechanical clamp, it is impossible to maintain the lock bolt's position when the drifter moves away from its movement path, which means there is a risk of the lock bolt deviating from its insertion axis.

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a rock bolt insertion device, a rock bolt installation vehicle, and a rock bolt installation method that can improve the stability of the rock bolts during the insertion process. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A lock bolt insertion device according to one aspect of the present invention is a lock bolt insertion device capable of inserting a lock bolt into a lock bolt insertion hole, comprising: a lock bolt magazine capable of accommodating a plurality of the lock bolts and capable of rotating the plurality of accommodated lock bolts around the axis of a rotating shaft arranged around it; an insertion drifter that presses the rear end of the lock bolt and inserts it into the lock bolt insertion hole; a bolt clamp capable of holding one of the lock bolts accommodated in the lock bolt magazine on the insertion axis of the insertion drifter, with respect to the lock bolt magazine; and a guide support attached to the tip of the insertion drifter, the tip of which, when the insertion drifter is in a retracted position, is positioned behind the rear end of the one lock bolt accommodated in the lock bolt magazine, and engages with the rear end of the one lock bolt when the insertion drifter moves forward.

[0010] Furthermore, a rock bolt installation vehicle according to one aspect of the present invention comprises a rock bolt insertion device and a trolley on which the rock bolt insertion device is mounted.

[0011] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention relates to a method for installing rock bolts, which involves installing multiple rock bolts on a peripheral wall surface using a rock bolt insertion device.

[0012] Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention relates to a method for installing rock bolts, which involves installing multiple rock bolts on a peripheral wall surface using a rock bolt installation vehicle. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention makes it possible to provide a rock bolt insertion device, a rock bolt installation vehicle, and a rock bolt installation method that can improve the stability of the rock bolts during the insertion process. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] This diagram shows the configuration of a rock bolt installation vehicle. Figure (a) is a plan view of the rock bolt installation vehicle, Figure (b) is a view taken along line b in Figure (a), and Figure (c) is a view taken along line c in Figure (b). [Figure 2] This is a diagram showing the configuration of a rock bolt installation device. [Figure 3] This is a diagram showing the configuration of a rock bolt insertion device. [Figure 4] Figure (a) shows the configuration of the first rock bolt installation device with the reference axis of the grout injection device aligned with the rock bolt insertion hole, and Figure (b) shows the configuration of the first bolt clamp. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the configuration of the guide support. Figure (a) shows the guide support in its normal state with the support spring in place, Figure (b) is a cross-sectional view along line AA in Figure (a), and Figure (c) is a view along line d in Figure (a). [Figure 6] This is a diagram showing the configuration of a rock bolt insertion device. [Figure 7] Figure (a) shows the state in which the first bolt clamp and the second bolt clamp have moved to a position to receive one lock bolt from the lock bolt magazine, and Figure (b) shows the state in which the lock bolt held by the first bolt clamp and the second bolt clamp has moved to a position in which the insertion drifter can be inserted. [Figure 8] This diagram illustrates the method for installing rock bolts. Figure (a) is a plan view, Figure (b) is a view taken along line b in Figure (a), and Figure (c) is a view taken along line c in Figure (b). [Figure 9] These diagrams illustrate the rock bolt installation method. Figure (a) shows the state where the rear end of the rock bolt abuts against the rod support, and Figures (b) to (d) show the operation of the rock bolt installation device in chronological order after the washer is seated on the wall surface. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with appropriate reference to the drawings. Note that the drawings are schematic, and it should be noted that the relationship between the thickness and the planar dimensions, the ratio, etc. may be different from the actual ones, and there may be parts where the dimensional relationships and ratios are different between the drawings. Further, the embodiments shown below illustrate devices and methods for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention does not specify the material, shape, structure, arrangement, etc. of the components in the following embodiments.

[0016] <Configuration of Rock Bolt Driving Vehicle> Referring to FIG. 1, the configuration of a rock bolt driving vehicle equipped with a rock bolt inserting device will be described. The rock bolt driving vehicle 100 is, for example, a work vehicle used for driving operations to insert a rock bolt B into a rock bolt insertion hole H in tunnel construction or the like. Note that in FIG. 1, there are parts where the configuration of the rock bolt driving vehicle 100 is shown in a simplified manner.

[0017] In the following description and drawings, the direction in which the rock bolt driving vehicle 100 travels forward may be described as "front". Similarly, in the following description and drawings, the direction in which the rock bolt driving vehicle 100 travels backward may be described as "rear". Also, in the following description and drawings, the left side when the rock bolt driving vehicle 100 moves forward is shown as "left side", and the right side when the rock bolt driving vehicle 100 moves forward is shown as "right side". Therefore, in the following description and drawings, the perspective of viewing the rock bolt driving vehicle 100 from the left side is referred to as "left side view", and the perspective of viewing the rock bolt driving vehicle 100 from the right side is referred to as "right side view". Further, in the following description, "left side view" and "right side view" may be collectively described as "side view".

[0018] The rock bolt driving vehicle 100 comprises a trolley 1, a drive unit 2, an operator cabin 6, front wheels 7, rear wheels 8, outriggers 9, a first rock bolt driving boom device 10L, and a second rock bolt driving boom device 10R. In addition, the rock bolt driving vehicle 100 is equipped with a first cage boom 12L and a second cage boom 12R.

[0019] Bogie 1 is a vehicle capable of movement. The drive unit 2 is formed, for example, using an engine, and is located at the rear and upper part of the bogie 1. The drive unit 2 also generates driving force when the bogie 1 is moving. The operator cabin 6 is located at the front and upper part of the trolley 1. The operator cabin 6 is also equipped with an operating section (not shown) for performing drilling, injection, and insertion operations.

[0020] The front wheels 7 and rear wheels 8 are the wheels used for driving. The outriggers 9 are positioned in front of the front wheels 7 and behind the rear wheels 8, and extend outwards to make contact with the ground during concrete pouring and other operations, thereby ensuring the stability of the trolley 1.

[0021] The first rock bolt installation boom device 10L is positioned to extend forward from the left side of the trolley 1 and is configured to be rotatable, luffable, and extendable. Furthermore, the first rock bolt installation boom device 10L is equipped with a first boom device 3L. The first boom device 3L is configured to be able to rotate, luff, and extend relative to the first rock bolt installation boom device 10L. Furthermore, the first boom device 3L is equipped with the first rock bolt driving device 30L. The first rock bolt driving device 30L is located at the tip of the first boom device 3L. A detailed explanation of the first rock bolt driving device 30L will be provided later.

[0022] The second rock bolt installation boom device 10R is positioned to extend forward from the right side of the trolley 1 and is configured to be rotatable, luffable, and extendable. Furthermore, the second rock bolt installation boom device 10R is equipped with a second boom device 3R. The second boom device 3R is configured to be able to rotate, luff, and extend relative to the second rock bolt installation boom device 10R. Furthermore, the second boom device 3R is equipped with a second rock bolt driving device 30R. The second rock bolt installation device 30R is located at the tip of the second boom device 3R. A detailed explanation of the second rock bolt installation device 30R will be provided later.

[0023] The first cage boom 12L is positioned on the left side of the upper part of the trolley 1 and is configured to be able to rotate, raise and lower, and extend. The first cage boom 12L also includes the first cage 13L. The first cage 13L is configured for workers and others to ride in as needed, and can be moved by driving the first cage boom 12L.

[0024] The second cage boom 12R is positioned on the right side of the upper part of the trolley 1 and is configured to be able to rotate, raise and lower, and extend. The second cage boom 12R also includes a second cage 13R. The second cage 13R is configured for workers to ride in as needed, and can be moved by driving the second cage boom 12R.

[0025] <Configuration of the first rock bolt installation device, configuration of the second rock bolt installation device> The configuration of the first rock bolt installation device 30L will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 5. The configuration of the second rock bolt driving device 30R is the same as that of the first rock bolt driving device 30L, except that it has a symmetrical structure. Therefore, the configuration of the second rock bolt driving device 30R will not be explained.

[0026] As shown in Figure 1, the first rock bolt driving device 30L is mounted on a mounting device 43 located at the tip of the first boom device 3L. The mounting device 43 is positioned on the first boom device 3L via the guide rotary 42. A mounting frame 43a is also provided on the upper part of the mounting device 43 (the upper side of the mounting device 43 in Figures 1(b) and 1(c)).

[0027] The guide rotary 42 rotates the mounting device 43. This allows the first rock bolt installation device 30L to be moved to any position inside the tunnel. Furthermore, the first rock bolt installation device 30L comprises a drilling unit 20, a grout injection device 31 (Figure 2), and a rock bolt insertion unit 40.

[0028] (position switching mechanism) The first rock bolt installation device 30L is equipped with a position switching mechanism PC, as shown in Figure 4(a). The position switching mechanism PC is a mechanism that can move the reference axis BLL1 of the drilling unit 20, the reference axis BLL2 of the grout injection device 31, and the reference axis (insertion axis) BLL3 of the lock bolt insertion unit 40 to a position coaxial with the central axis of the lock bolt insertion hole. When the position switching mechanism PC moves each of the reference axes BLL1 to BLL3, the drilling guide shell 5D, the grout injection device 31, and the insertion guide shell 5M are simultaneously rotated around a single straight line parallel to each of the reference axes BLL1 to BLL3 as the center of rotation (SC in Figure 4(a)). In Figure 1, the working reference axis that coincides with the central axis of the rock bolt insertion hole H is indicated using the symbol "BLL". That is, the first rock bolt installation device 30 performs a series of operations by switching the reference axes BLL1 to BLL3, which are coaxial with the working reference axis BLL, using the position switching mechanism PC.

[0029] (Drilling unit) As shown in Figure 2, the drilling unit 20 is a device for drilling lock bolt insertion holes H, and comprises a drilling drifter 4D, a drilling guide shell 5D, a drilling centralizer 24, and a drilling side feed mechanism 25.

[0030] The perforation drifter 4D is attached to the perforation guide shell 5D and can move along the perforation guide shell 5D. Furthermore, the Drilling Drifter 4D is capable of generating both impact and rotational force.

[0031] The drilling guide shell 5D is supported on the first boom device 3L via the guide rotary 42 and mounting device 43 shown in Figure 1, in a manner that allows it to be tilted and rotated relative to the first boom device 3L.

[0032] Although details will be omitted as it is publicly known technology, the drilling unit 20 is equipped with a drilling rod 22 with a bit 21 at its tip, and transmits the impact force and rotational force generated by the drilling drifter 4D to the rock mass to perform drilling.

[0033] (Grout injection device) Since the grout injection device 31 is also a known technology, details will be omitted, but the grout injection device 31 comprises an injection hose, a moving mechanism for reciprocating the injection hose, and a pump. Furthermore, the grout injection device 31 is capable of inserting the injection hose along the lock bolt insertion hole using a moving mechanism, and can also supply grout to the injection hose by driving a pump.

[0034] (Rock bolt insertion unit) As shown in Figure 1, the lock bolt insertion unit 40 is a device that can insert a lock bolt B into a lock bolt insertion hole H. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2, the lock bolt insertion unit 40 includes an insertion drifter 4M, an insertion guide shell 5M, an insertion-side feeding mechanism 45, a first bolt clamp 46, a second bolt clamp 47, and a guide support 60.

[0035] The insertion-side feeding mechanism 45 is, for example, a movable pulley type mechanism using a hydraulic cylinder, and is a mechanism that can move the insertion drifter 4M along the insertion guide shell 5M. The insertion-side feeding mechanism 45 can also move the insertion drifter 4M along the reference axis BLL3.

[0036] Next, the structures of the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47 provided in the lock bolt insertion unit 40 will be described. However, since both have similar structures, only the structure of the first bolt clamp 46 will be described, and the description of the second bolt clamp 47 will be omitted. As shown in Figure 3, the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47 are positioned along the length of the lock bolt B, spaced apart from each other.

[0037] The first bolt clamp 46 shown in Figure 4(a) is fixed to a retractable shaft 46A whose axial direction is along the length of the insertion guide shell 5M. The base end of the first bolt clamp 46 is connected to the rod tip of a retractable cylinder 46S, sandwiching the retractable shaft 46A, and is able to swing around the axis of the retractable shaft 46A. That is, the angle of the first bolt clamp 46 can be changed by extending or retracting the retractable cylinder 46S.

[0038] As shown in Figure 4(b), the first bolt clamp 46 has a U-shaped groove 461 formed in its upper frame such that the upper frame forms a space larger than the cross-section of the lock bolt B. It is equipped with a clamp cylinder 462 so that the rod extends and shortens toward the upper edge of the U-shaped groove 461. The clamp cylinder 462 has a clamp portion 463 fixed to the tip of the rod, and the distance between the clamp portion 463 and the upper edge of the groove changes as the rod extends and shortens. With this structure, the first bolt clamp 46 can switch between a state in which the lock bolt B is held and a state in which it is released.

[0039] Furthermore, impact and rotational forces are transmitted from the insertion drifter 4M to the single lock bolt B held by the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47, and a moving force can be applied by moving the insertion drifter 4M using the insertion-side feeding mechanism 45. This makes it possible to push the lock bolt B into the lock bolt insertion hole along the depth direction of the lock bolt insertion hole.

[0040] [Rock Bolt Magazine] The lock bolt magazine will be explained with reference to Figures 2 and 4. As shown in Figure 2, the lock bolt magazine 50 includes a magazine rotating shaft 53, a first bolt retaining plate 54, a second bolt retaining plate 55, and a third bolt retaining plate 56.

[0041] The magazine rotation axis 53 is cylindrical in shape and is attached to the mount frame 43a shown in Figure 1. The longitudinal direction of the magazine rotation axis 53 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the insertion guide shell 5M.

[0042] Furthermore, the magazine rotation shaft 53 can rotate around its axis by driving a magazine drive motor 57, which has an output shaft connected to its rear end. The magazine drive motor 57 has its output shaft located at the front and is supported at the rear by a motor support member 58 fixed to the insertion guide shell 5M. The rotational speed, rotational torque, and rotational angle of the magazine rotation shaft 53 may be controlled, for example, by a controller (not shown) that controls the drive state of the magazine drive motor.

[0043] As shown in Figure 4(b), the first bolt retaining plate 54 is a disc-shaped member and has a plurality of first bolt retaining portions 54a, which are curved notches extending axially from the outer circumferential surface. The second bolt retaining plate 55 and the third bolt retaining plate 56 have a similar structure, so their description is omitted. As shown in Figure 3, the thickness direction of the first bolt retaining plate 54 is parallel to the length direction of the magazine rotation shaft 53, and the magazine rotation shaft 53 is fixed to the center of the first bolt retaining plate 54 with it passing through it.

[0044] Multiple first bolt retaining portions 54a are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the magazine rotation axis 53 and are formed in a shape capable of holding the lock bolt B. Specifically, the first bolt holding portion 54a is formed in a substantially U-shape when viewed from the thickness direction of the first bolt holding plate 54, and has a recess that contacts the outer circumferential surface of the lock bolt B. In Figure 4(b), for illustrative purposes, the lock bolt B is shown in contact with and held only by the recess of one of the twelve first bolt holding parts 54a.

[0045] Furthermore, the first bolt retaining plate 54 is positioned near the first bolt clamp 46 so as not to be affected by the deflection that occurs in the lock bolt B. Furthermore, the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47 are positioned near the first bolt retaining plate 54 and the second bolt retaining plate 55 so as not to be affected by the deflection that occurs in the lock bolt B.

[0046] As described above, the lock bolt magazine 50 can accommodate multiple (12) lock bolts B arranged parallel to each other in their longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the lock bolt magazine 50 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the stored lock bolts B and can rotate around the axis of rotation (magazine rotation axis 53) on which the multiple lock bolts B are arranged. In addition, the lock bolt magazine 50 can accommodate multiple lock bolts B arranged in a ring shape. Furthermore, the lock bolt magazine 50 holds the lock bolt B in such a state that a portion of the lock bolt B, including the rear end to which the nut BN described later is attached, protrudes from the third bolt retaining plate 56 to a position close to the insertion drifter 4M. As shown in Figure 3, the lock bolt B housed in the lock bolt magazine 50 may have a washer W and a nut BN attached as accessories.

[0047] (Structure of the rock bolt) The structure of the lock bolt will be explained with reference to Figures 3 and 8. As shown in Figure 3, the washer W provided at the rear end of the lock bolt B is a plate with a through hole in its center that can block the lock bolt insertion hole H into which the lock bolt B is inserted. Furthermore, the washer W can change its relative position to the lock bolt B along the longitudinal direction of the lock bolt B. Nut BN is positioned at the rear end of lock bolt B and is a component that secures washer W from the outside of the lock bolt insertion hole H.

[0048] As shown in Figure 8(c), the rock bolt insertion hole H is a hole drilled in the perimeter wall of an excavated tunnel or inside a tunnel during tunnel construction. The rock bolt B is a component that supports and holds the tunnel, and may include not only the bolt inserted into the rock bolt insertion hole H, but also bolt accessories (washer W, nut BN, etc.).

[0049] [Guide Support] As shown in Figure 5, the guide support 60 is attached to the output shaft of the insertion drifter 4M shown in Figure 3, and comprises a guide rod 61, a support spring 62, a bolt pressing portion 63, a slide cover 64, and a spring receiving portion 65. The dashed line in the figure schematically represents fixing means such as bolts and nuts.

[0050] The guide rod 61 is a cylindrical rod-shaped member, with its rear end face (the right end face in Figures 5(a) and (b)) connected to a known shank rod R attached to the insertion drifter 4M. The front end face is fixed to a part of the slide cover 64, which will be described later.

[0051] The support spring 62 is a biasing member, such as a coil spring, and surrounds the outer surface of the guide rod 61. One end of the support spring 62 abuts against a spring receiving portion 65 fixed to the guide rod 61, and the other end abuts against a plate 64b of the slide cover 64, which will be described later. With this configuration, the support spring 62 applies a forward biasing force to the slide cover 64.

[0052] As shown in Figure (b), the bolt pressing portion 63 is a member that has a disc portion with a projection 63a extending forward on the edge of the front-facing surface and an inclined portion 63b where the axis of the front-facing surface is located behind the outer edge, and a rod fixing portion 63c which is a projection coaxial with the axis of the disc portion formed on the rear surface of the disc portion. It is fixed to the guide rod 61 by fitting a part of itself into the small diameter portion that protrudes from the end face of the guide rod 61. An O-ring 63e is fitted to the inner circumference of the projection 63a as an anti-slip component, and the rod fixing portion 63c is formed to be larger in diameter than the guide rod 61 to prevent the slide cover 64 from coming off the guide rod 61.

[0053] Furthermore, the bolt pressing portion 63 has a rectangular recess 63d formed in its axial center, and rotational force can be transmitted to the lock bolt B by fitting the end of the lock bolt B into the recess 63d. In addition, a through hole for drainage is formed from the inner surface of the recess 63d toward the circumferential surface of the bolt pressing portion 63. Note that the recess 63d may have a polygonal cross-section other than a rectangle, as long as it can accommodate the rear end of the lock bolt B and transmit rotational force.

[0054] Here, the bolt pressing portion 63 is formed such that the distance from the front end surface of the protrusion 63a to the axial portion of the inclined portion 63b is less than or equal to the thickness of the nut BN. Therefore, when pressing the rear end of the lock bolt B, the nut BN seats on the washer W before or at the same time as the protrusion 63a, making it possible to press the nut BN until it is in close contact with the washer W.

[0055] The slide cover 64 is a component in which a plate 64b is fixed to the rear side of a cylindrical cover member 64a, and covers the entire bolt pressing portion 63 from the outer circumference. The plate 64b has a through hole with the same diameter as the guide rod 61 formed in its axial center, and is fitted so as to be able to move back and forth along the axial direction of the guide rod. The slide cover 64 is a component that presses the washer W attached to the lock bolt B to make it adhere tightly to the tunnel wall. Therefore, the outer diameter of the slide cover 64 is smaller than the washer W that fits the lock bolt B to be installed.

[0056] Furthermore, four U-shaped notches are formed on the rear of the cover member 64a. These notches are formed to secure an access path to the fixing portion between the bolt pressing portion 63 and the guide rod 61, as well as to discharge foreign matter such as soil and sand from inside the slide cover 64.

[0057] The slide cover 64 is formed to a length such that, when the support spring 62 is in its natural state, its front end is positioned in front of the protrusion of the bolt pressing portion 63. As will be described in detail later, when it receives a reaction force from the washer W, it can retract to a position where its front end surface is flush with the front end surface of the projection 63a formed on the bolt pressing portion 63.

[0058] The spring receiving portion 65 is a divided disc-shaped member attached to the guide rod 61, and its position on the guide rod 61 can be changed. The biasing force of the support spring 62 can be adjusted by changing the fixing position of the spring receiving portion 65.

[0059] <Rock bolt installation method> Next, with reference to Figures 1 to 9, a method for installing rock bolts B using a rock bolt insertion unit 40 and a rock bolt installation vehicle 100 (rock bolt installation method) will be described. Since the work using the first rock bolt installation boom device 10L and the work using the second rock bolt installation boom device 10R are the same, the following explanation will only describe the work using the first rock bolt installation boom device 10L.

[0060] (Drilling work) When using the rock bolt installation vehicle 100, as shown in Figure 8, first, the rock bolt installation vehicle 100 is set up near the tunnel face K in the tunnel T. Then, the first rock bolt installation boom device 10L is driven to position the first rock bolt installation boom device 10L at the desired position relative to the surrounding wall surface N. Next, the position switching mechanism PC shown in Figure 4 is used to position the reference axis BLL1 of the drilling unit 20 to the drilling axis of the desired lock bolt insertion hole H. Then, the drilling operation is performed using the drilling unit 20. The drilling axis of the lock bolt insertion hole H is, for example, the central axis of the lock bolt insertion hole H to be drilled.

[0061] (Injection procedure) During the injection process, the reference axis BLL2 of the grout injection device 31 is aligned with the lock bolt insertion hole H. Then, the grout injection device 31 is activated to send grout from the injection hose, filling the inside of the lock bolt insertion hole H with grout. After the grout filling of the rock bolt insertion hole H is complete, the position switching mechanism PC is driven to align the reference axis BLL3 of the rock bolt insertion unit 40 with the rock bolt insertion hole H, and the process transitions from injection to insertion.

[0062] (Lock bolt receiving operation) The lock bolt receiving operation is performed in parallel with the drilling and grout injection operations. In general terms, once the orientation change is completed, moving the reference axis BLL1 of the drilling unit 20 to a position that coincides with the work reference axis BLL, the lock bolt receiving operation is completed, specifically the operation in which the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47 hold the lock bolt B in the lock bolt magazine 50 while it is fitted into the magazine. Then, while holding the lock bolt B, a change in posture is initiated to move the reference axis BLL2 of the grout injection device 31 or the reference axis BLL3 of the insertion drifter 4M to a position that coincides with the working reference axis BLL. That is, when the posture is changed to move the insertion drifter 4M away from the lock bolt magazine 50, the first lock bolt clamp 46 and the second lock bolt clamp 47 also move, and one lock bolt B is detached from the lock bolt magazine 50. After the injection operation is complete, the orientation of the insertion drifter 4M is changed to a position where the reference axis BLL3 coincides with the work reference axis BLL, and the lock bolt B is moved onto the central axis of the lock bolt insertion hole H, thereby completing the series of receiving operations.

[0063] To explain each operation in detail, first, as shown in Figures 3, 4, and 7(a), the lock bolt magazine 50 is rotated so that one lock bolt B is positioned in the groove portion of the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47, and the position switching mechanism PC is operated to bring the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47 closer to the lock bolt magazine 50. At this time, the insertion drifter 4M is retracted to a retracted position where the slide cover 64 is located behind the rear end of the lock bolt B housed in the lock bolt magazine 50, but the lock bolt B is located on the reference axis BLL3 of the insertion drifter 4M.

[0064] Subsequently, the position switching mechanism PC is operated until a portion of the lock bolt B is accommodated in the recesses of the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47, and the clamp cylinders 462 and 472 are extended to receive the lock bolt B from the lock bolt magazine 50. Upon receiving the lock bolt B, the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47 swing with the clamp cylinder 462 shortened, and then extend it after reaching a position where the lock bolt B can be held. Through this operation, the lock bolt B is held in place by the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47.

[0065] Next, as shown in Figures 6 and 7(b), the position of the lock bolt insertion unit 40 relative to the lock bolt magazine 50 is changed by the position switching mechanism PC, which moves the lock bolt B held by the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47 onto the central axis of the lock bolt insertion hole H, thereby completing the receiving operation of the lock bolt B.

[0066] (Insertion process) Next, the insertion mechanism, which is an existing mechanism, is driven in the lock bolt insertion unit 40 to apply a feeding force to the insertion drifter 4M with respect to the lock bolt B held by the first bolt clamp 46 and the second bolt clamp 47. This feeding force advances the insertion drifter 4M, and at the same time, the rotation mechanism is operated to rotate the lock bolt pressing part 41. This engages the lock bolt B with the guide support 60 and inserts it into the lock bolt insertion hole H. In other words, the insertion drifter 4M inserts the lock bolt B, which is held by the bolt clamps, into the lock bolt insertion hole H while rotating it.

[0067] As shown in Figure 9(a), when the insertion drifter 4M begins to move forward, the bolt pressing portion 63 abuts against the rear end of the lock bolt B. At this time, the inclined portion 63b formed on the bolt pressing portion 63 automatically guides the rear end of the lock bolt B to the axis of the bolt pressing portion 63, and the rear end is fitted into the recess 63d formed on the axis portion of the bolt pressing portion 63. Furthermore, this self-aligning action is also exhibited when the lock bolt B deflects significantly due to some factor, causing its rear end to deviate from the axis of the bolt pressing portion 63. In this case, the O-ring 63e fitted to the inner circumference of the protruding portion 63a exerts a stronger frictional force than other parts of the bolt pressing portion 63, thus providing a higher ability to prevent the lock bolt B from falling out than configurations without the O-ring 63e or configurations with only a groove. Also, if the lock bolt B attempts to detach from the bolt pressing portion 63, it contacts the cover member 64 to prevent detachment. During this time, the bolt pressing portion 63 continues to move forward, causing the bolt pressing portion 63 to strike the rear end of the lock bolt B again, and the self-aligning action is restored.

[0068] As a result of the above operation, the rear end of the lock bolt B is housed inside the bolt pressing portion 63, which suppresses the deflection of the lock bolt B caused by gravity, and makes it easy to align the drilling axis of the lock bolt insertion hole H with the central axis of the lock bolt B.

[0069] When the insertion drifter 4M advances to a certain distance, the retraction cylinder 46S shortens, and the second bolt clamp and the first bolt clamp 46 are moved out of the movement path of the guide support 60. Subsequently, as shown in Figures (b) and (c), when the slide cover 64 comes into contact with the washer W seated on the wall, the support spring 62 contracts, causing the slide cover 64 to move (retract) toward the insertion drifter 4M. This allows the insertion drifter 4M to continuously push the nut BN and the lock bolt B via the guide rod 61. As a result, the lock bolt B can be pushed into the lock bolt insertion hole H until the nut BN is seated on the washer W.

[0070] Furthermore, with the washer W in contact with the peripheral wall surface N through which the lock bolt insertion hole H is drilled, the guide rod 61 transmits the force with which the insertion drifter 4M inserts the lock bolt B into the lock bolt insertion hole H to the rear end of the lock bolt B. This makes it possible to reduce the stress applied to the male thread (not shown) formed on the lock bolt B and the female thread (not shown) formed on the nut BN that is screwed onto the male thread of the lock bolt B.

[0071] As shown in Figure (d), after pushing the lock bolt B into the lock bolt insertion hole H until the nut BN is seated on the washer W and completing the insertion process, when the insertion drifter 4M is retracted, the contracted support spring 62 extends due to its restoring force. As a result, the position of the slide cover 64 returns to the position where the support spring 62 would be in its natural state. The rock bolt installation work described above is completed when the planned number of rock bolts B are installed into the surrounding wall surface N.

[0072] As described above, the rock bolt installation method is a method of installing multiple rock bolts B into the circumferential wall surface N of an excavated tunnel T or inside the tunnel in order to stabilize the circumferential wall surface N. Furthermore, the rock bolt installation method is a method of installing multiple rock bolts B using a rock bolt insertion unit 40. In addition, the rock bolt installation method is a method of installing multiple rock bolts B using a rock bolt installation vehicle 100.

[0073] <Variation> (1) In the embodiment, the bolt pressing portion 63 of the guide support 60 was formed with a protruding portion 63a, an inclined portion 63b, and a recessed portion 63d. However, such a configuration is not essential for the application of the present invention and can be selected and used as appropriate. For example, even if the front-facing surface of the bolt pressing portion 63 is flat, the rear end of the lock bolt B is covered from the outer circumference by the slide cover 64, so it is possible to prevent it from falling out even if deflection occurs during drilling.

[0074] (2) In this embodiment, the system is configured to include two rock bolt driving boom devices (first rock bolt driving boom device 10L, second rock bolt driving boom device 10R), but it is not limited to this configuration. That is, for example, the system may be configured to include three or more rock bolt driving boom devices. In this case, a configuration with three rock bolt driving boom devices would include, for example, two rock bolt driving boom devices positioned on the left and right sides of the trolley 1, in addition to one rock bolt driving boom device positioned in the center of the front of the trolley 1. A configuration with four rock bolt driving boom devices would include, for example, two rock bolt driving boom devices positioned on the left and right sides of the trolley 1. Furthermore, as long as the configuration includes at least two rock bolt driving boom devices, the other devices can be adapted to various applications.

[0075] (3) In this embodiment, the relative position between the lock bolt insertion unit 40 and the lock bolt magazine 50 is changed by rotating the insertion guide shell 5M together with the drilling guide shell 5D and the grout injection device 31 using the position switching mechanism PC, but the configuration is not limited to this. That is, the relative position of the lock bolt insertion unit 40 with respect to the lock bolt magazine 50 may be changed by tilting the lock bolt magazine 50 etc. with respect to the first boom device 3L. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0076] 1...Carrier, 2...Drive unit, 3L...First boom device, 3R...Second boom device, 4D...Drilling drifter, 4M...Insertion drifter, 5D...Drilling guide shell, 5M...Insertion guide shell, 6...Operator cabin, 7...Front wheels, 8...Rear wheels, 9...Outriggers, 10L...First rock bolt driving boom device, 10R...Second rock bolt driving boom device, 12L...First cage boom, 12R...Second cage boom, 13L...First cage, 13R...Second cage, 20...Drilling unit 21...Bit, 22...Drilling rod, 24...Drilling centralizer, 25...Drilling side feed mechanism, 30L...First lock bolt driving device, 30R...Second lock bolt driving device, 31...Grout injection device, 40...Lock bolt insertion unit, 42...Guide rotary, 43...Mounting device, 43a...Mounting frame, 45...Insertion side feed mechanism, 46...First bolt clamp, 46A...Retractable shaft, 46S...Retractable cylinder, 461...U-shaped groove, 462...Clamp cylinder, 463 ...clamp section, 47...second bolt clamp, 50...lock bolt magazine, 53...magazine rotation shaft, 54...first bolt retaining plate, 54a...first bolt retaining section, 55...second bolt retaining plate, 56...third bolt retaining plate, 57...magazine drive motor, 58...motor support member, 60...guide support, 61...guide rod, 62...support spring, 63...bolt pressing section, 63a...protruding section, 63b...inclined section, 63c...rod fixing section, 63d...recess, 63e…O-ring, 64…Slide cover, 64a…Cover member, 64b…Plate, 65…Spring receiver, 100…Rock bolt installation vehicle, SC…Rotation center, PC…Position switching mechanism, B…Rock bolt, BLL…Work reference axis, BLL1…Reference axis of drilling device, BLL2…Reference axis of grout injection device, BLL3…Reference axis of insertion drifter (insertion axis), W…Washer, BN…Nut, H…Rock bolt insertion hole, T…Tunnel, K…Tunnel face, N…Surface

Claims

1. A lock bolt insertion device capable of inserting a lock bolt into a lock bolt insertion hole, A lock bolt magazine capable of housing multiple lock bolts, and in which the multiple lock bolts housed therein can rotate around the axis of a rotating shaft arranged around it, An insertion drifter that presses the rear end of the lock bolt and inserts it into the lock bolt insertion hole, A bolt clamp capable of detaching one of the lock bolts housed in the lock bolt magazine from the lock bolt magazine and holding it on the insertion axis of the insertion drifter, and capable of retracting itself from the movement path of the insertion drifter, A lock bolt insertion device comprising: a guide support attached to the tip of the insertion drifter, wherein when the insertion drifter is in the retracted position, its tip is positioned behind the rear end of the single lock bolt housed in the lock bolt magazine, and when the insertion drifter moves forward, it engages with the rear end of the single lock bolt.

2. The lock bolt is fitted with a washer that can close the lock bolt insertion hole into which the lock bolt is inserted and whose relative position to the lock bolt along the length of the lock bolt can be changed, and a nut that is positioned at the rear end of the lock bolt and secures the washer from the outside of the lock bolt insertion hole. The guide support comprises a guide rod, a bolt pressing portion, a slide cover, and a biasing member. The guide rod is a rod-shaped member whose rear end is fixed to the output shaft of the insertion drifter. The bolt pressing portion is a disc-shaped member whose rearward-facing surface is fixed to the front end of the guide rod. The slide cover is a cylindrical member supported by the guide rod so as to be movable back and forth, and is sized to cover the bolt pressing portion from the outer circumference and to press the washer. The biasing member is supported by the guide rod and applies a biasing force to the slide cover in the forward direction. The lock bolt insertion device according to claim 1, characterized in that when the bolt clamp separates the lock bolt from the lock bolt magazine, the front end surface of the slide cover is positioned in front of the front end surface of the bolt pressing portion and behind the rear end of the lock bolt housed in the lock bolt magazine, and when it receives a reaction force from the washer, the front end surface of the slide cover can be retracted to a position where it is at least flush with the front end surface of the bolt pressing portion.

3. The bolt pressing portion is, A projection extending forward is formed on the outer edge portion of the front-facing surface, and an inclination is formed on the front-facing surface such that the axial center portion is located further rear than the outer edge portion. The lock bolt insertion device according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance along the axial direction of the bolt pressing portion from the front end of the protruding portion to the axial center portion of the surface facing the front is less than or equal to the thickness of the nut.

4. The lock bolt insertion device according to claim 3, characterized in that an anti-slip component is fitted into the inner circumference of the protruding portion.

5. The rear end of the aforementioned lock bolt has a convex portion with a polygonal cross-section. The aforementioned insertion drifter is equipped with a rotation mechanism, The guide support is supported so as to be able to transmit rotational force from the rotating mechanism, The lock bolt insertion device according to claim 3, characterized in that the bolt pressing portion has a recess with a polygonal cross-sectional shape formed in the axial portion on the side that abuts against the rear end of the lock bolt, into which the rear end of the lock bolt can be fitted and into which rotational force can be transmitted to the rear end of the lock bolt.

6. A rock bolt driving vehicle comprising a rock bolt insertion device as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, and a trolley on which the rock bolt insertion device is mounted.

7. A method for installing rock bolts, comprising installing a plurality of the aforementioned rock bolts on a peripheral wall surface, A method for installing rock bolts, comprising installing a plurality of rock bolts using a rock bolt insertion device described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A method for installing rock bolts, comprising installing a plurality of the aforementioned rock bolts on a peripheral wall surface, A method for installing rock bolts, comprising installing a plurality of rock bolts using the rock bolt installation vehicle described in claim 6.

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