Vibration device, method for manufacturing a vibration device, flexible display device including a vibration device, and transport device

Abstract

The present invention provides a vibration device capable of minimizing the reduction in piezoelectric constant and capacitance caused by stress applied by a curved surface shape, a method for manufacturing the vibration device, and a flexible display device and a transport device including the vibration device. [Solution] A vibration device 100 according to one embodiment of this specification includes a flexible vibration element 110 containing a piezoelectric material and a shape-retaining member 130 having a curved portion coupled to the back surface of the flexible vibration element 110. The flexible vibration element 110 is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion of the shape-retaining member 130.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to a vibration device, a method for manufacturing a vibration device, a flexible display device including the vibration device, and a transport device.

Background Art

[0002] A vibration device is configured to convert an input electrical signal into physical vibrations. Vibration devices including piezoelectric materials such as piezoelectric ceramics have the advantages of being lightweight and low power consumption, and thus are used in various applications. Recently, vibration devices having a curved surface shape have been demanded.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] In a vibration device including a piezoelectric material, the piezoelectric constant may decrease due to stress applied by the curved surface shape. The decrease in the piezoelectric constant may cause a decrease in the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the dielectric constant. The decrease in the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the dielectric constant may cause a decrease in the capacitance. As a result, the displacement amount (or displacement width) and the vibration acceleration of the vibration device may decrease.

[0004] Recently, when a user touches the screen of a display device, a haptic module for providing haptic feedback to the user has been developed. Haptic feedback can be implemented by a vibration device. When applying a vibration device to a display device having a curved surface shape to implement haptic feedback, the vibration device has a curved surface shape corresponding to the display device having a curved surface shape. When the vibration device has a curved surface shape, the displacement amount (or displacement width) and the vibration acceleration of the vibration device may decrease. As a result, it may become difficult for the user to recognize the haptic feedback.

[0005] The inventors of this specification, recognizing the aforementioned problems, have continuously conducted diverse research and experiments on a vibration device capable of minimizing the reduction in piezoelectric constant and capacitance due to stress caused by a curved surface shape. Through continuous diverse research and experiments, the inventors of this specification have invented a vibration device capable of minimizing the reduction in piezoelectric constant and capacitance due to stress caused by a curved surface shape, a method for manufacturing the vibration device, and a flexible display device and a transport device including the vibration device.

[0006] One embodiment of this specification aims to provide a vibrating device having a curved shape, a method for manufacturing the vibrating device, and a flexible display device and a transport device including the vibrating device.

[0007] One embodiment of this specification aims to provide a vibration device that can minimize the reduction in piezoelectric constant and capacitance caused by stress applied by a curved surface shape, a method for manufacturing the vibration device, and a flexible display device and a transport device including the vibration device.

[0008] One embodiment of this specification aims to provide a flexible display device and a transport device that can output sound or provide haptic feedback to a user using a vibrating device having a curved shape.

[0009] The problems that the examples in this specification aim to solve are not limited to those described above, and other problems not mentioned can be clearly understood by a person with ordinary skill in the art to which the technical concept of this specification pertains, based on the following description. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] A vibration device according to one embodiment of this specification includes a flexible vibrating element containing a piezoelectric material and a shape-retaining member having a curved portion coupled to the back surface of the flexible vibrating element. The flexible vibrating element is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion of the shape-retaining member.

[0011] A flexible display device according to one embodiment of this specification includes a display panel configured to display an image, and a vibration generating device coupled to the back of the display panel and configured to vibrate the display panel. The vibration generating device includes a vibration device. The vibration device includes a flexible vibrating element containing a piezoelectric material and a shape-retaining member having a curved portion coupled to the back of the flexible vibrating element. The flexible vibrating element is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion of the shape-retaining member.

[0012] A transport device according to one embodiment of this specification includes a dashboard having a first area facing the driver's seat, a second area facing the passenger seat, and a third area between the first and second areas; an instrument panel module located on the dashboard; a steering wheel located in the first area of ​​the dashboard; door trim located on the doors; and a curved auxiliary display located in one or more of the second area of ​​the dashboard, the steering wheel, and the door trim. The auxiliary display includes a display panel configured to display a plurality of user interface icons, and a vibration generator coupled to the back of the display panel and configured to vibrate the display panel. The vibration generator includes a vibration device. The vibration device includes a flexible vibrating element containing a piezoelectric material and a shape-retaining member having a curved portion coupled to the back of the flexible vibrating element. The flexible vibrating element is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion of the shape-retaining member.

[0013] A transport device according to one embodiment of this specification includes a dashboard having a first region toward the driver's seat, a second region toward the passenger seat, and a third region between the first and second regions; an instrument panel module positioned on the dashboard; a door trim positioned on the door; and a curved auxiliary display positioned in one or more of the second region of the dashboard, the door trim, the back of the driver's seat, and the back of the passenger seat. The auxiliary display includes a display panel configured to display an image, and a vibration generator coupled to the back of the display panel and configured to vibrate the display panel. The vibration generator includes a vibration device. The vibration device includes a flexible vibrating element containing a piezoelectric material and a shape-retaining member having a curved portion coupled to the back of the flexible vibrating element. The flexible vibrating element is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion of the shape-retaining member.

[0014] A method for manufacturing a vibration device according to one embodiment of this specification includes the steps of: preparing a flexible vibration element including a vibration layer made of a piezoelectric material; preparing a shape-retaining member having a curved surface; coupling the flexible vibration element to the curved surface of the shape-retaining member via a coupling member; and applying a polarization voltage to the vibration layer, which is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved surface by the shape-retaining member.

[0015] Specific details relating to various forms of this specification other than the means of solving the problems mentioned above are included in the following description and drawings. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] One embodiment of this specification provides a vibrating device having a curved shape, a method for manufacturing the vibrating device, and a flexible display device and a transport device including the vibrating device.

[0017] One embodiment of this specification provides a vibration device that can minimize the reduction in piezoelectric constant and capacitance caused by stress applied by a curved surface shape, a method for manufacturing the vibration device, and a flexible display device and a transport device including the vibration device.

[0018] One embodiment of the present specification can provide a flexible display device and a transport device that can output sound or provide haptic feedback to a user by using a vibration device having a curved surface shape.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present specification, since the vibration part including the piezoelectric material and the signal cable can be composed of a single part, the effects of the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) can be realized by the effect of uni-materialization.

[0020] The contents of the problems to be solved, the means for solving the problems, and the effects described above do not specify the essential features of the claims, and the claims are not limited by the matters described in the detailed description of the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] The drawings attached below are for helping the understanding of the embodiments of the present specification, and provide the embodiments together with the detailed description. However, the technical features of the present embodiment are not limited to the specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing can be combined with each other to constitute a new embodiment.

[0022] [Figure 1] It is a plan view showing a vibration device according to the first embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 2] It is a cross-sectional view about the line I-I' shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] It is an exploded perspective view showing a vibration device according to the first embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 4A] It is a view showing a manufacturing method of a vibration device according to one embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 4B] It is a view showing a manufacturing method of a vibration device according to one embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 4C] It is a view showing a manufacturing method of a vibration device according to one embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 5]It is another cross-sectional view of the I-I' line shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 6] It is a cross-sectional view showing a flexible display device according to the first embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 7] It is a cross-sectional view of the II-II' line shown in FIG. 6. [Figure 8] It is another cross-sectional view of the II-II' line shown in FIG. 6. [Figure 9] It is a plan view showing a transport device according to an embodiment of the present specification. [Figure 10] It is a view showing the dashboard of the transport device shown in FIG. 9. [Figure 11] It is a view showing the door interior material and the auxiliary display shown in FIG. 10. [Figure 12] It is a cross-sectional view of the III-III' line shown in FIG. 11.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0023] The advantages, features, and the methods for achieving them of the present specification will become clear by referring to an embodiment described in detail later together with the accompanying drawings. However, the present specification is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below, and can be realized in various different shapes. Merely, this embodiment is provided to complete the disclosure of the present specification and to fully inform those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present specification belongs of the scope of the invention.

[0024] For the purpose of explaining the embodiments of the present specification, the shapes, sizes, areas, ratios, angles, numbers, etc. shown in the drawings are exemplary, and the present specification is not limited to the matters shown in the drawings. Throughout the present specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same components. In addition, in the description of the present specification, when it is determined that the specific description of related known technologies can unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present specification, the detailed description thereof is omitted.

[0025] When using "includes," "possesses," "becomes," etc., as used herein, other parts may be added unless "only" is used. When a component is expressed singularly, it includes cases where it includes multiple components unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0026] In interpreting the constituent elements, even if there is no separate explicit description, it should be interpreted as including a margin of error.

[0027] When describing spatial relationships, for example, if the relationship between two parts is described using words like "above," "above," "below," "beside," or "adjacent," then one or more other parts may be located between the two parts, unless words like "immediately," "directly," or "near" are used.

[0028] Where one component is described as “connecting,” “joining,” “connecting,” “contacting,” or “adhering” to another component, it should be understood that the component may directly connect, join, connect, contact, or adhere to the other component, but that other components may also “intersect” between each component that can indirectly connect, join, connect, contact, or adhere, unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0029] Where a component or layer is described as "in contact" or "superimposed" on another component or layer, it should be understood that the component may be in direct contact with or superimposed on the other component or layer, but that one or more other components or layers may be interposed between each component or layer that may be indirectly in contact with or superimposed on, unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0030] The "first direction," "second direction," "third direction," "X-axis direction," "Y-axis direction," and "Z-axis direction" should not be interpreted solely as geometric relationships where they are perpendicular to each other, but can have broader directions within the scope in which the configuration of this specification can function.

[0031] The features of many of the examples herein are partially or entirely combinable or combined with one another, enabling a variety of technically diverse interoperability and drive, and each embodiment can be implemented independently of the others or together in a related manner.

[0032] The embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the attached figures. Furthermore, for the sake of convenience of explanation, the scales, dimensions, sizes, and thicknesses of the components shown in the figures are not limited to those shown in the figures, as they may have different scales, dimensions, sizes, and thicknesses than those in reality.

[0033] Figure 1 is a plan view showing a vibrating device according to the first embodiment of this specification. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line I-I' shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a vibrating device according to the first embodiment of this specification.

[0034] Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a vibration device 100 according to one embodiment of this specification may be configured to output one or more of sound, vibration, and vibration haptics, or may have a structure for outputting one or more of sound, vibration, and vibration haptics. For example, the vibration device 100 may be represented as a flexible vibration film, a flexible actuator, a flexible piezoelectric speaker, a film actuator, a flexible acoustic / haptic device, a flexible acoustic / haptic actuator, or a film-type acoustic / haptic actuator, and is not limited thereto.

[0035] A vibration device 100 according to one embodiment may include a flexible vibration element 110 and a shape-retaining member 130.

[0036] The flexible vibrating element 110 may include a piezoelectric material having piezoelectric properties. The flexible vibrating element 110 may be configured to form a curved shape by bending. The flexible vibrating element 110 can vibrate (or be displaced or driven) by vibration (or displacement or driving) of the piezoelectric material due to an electrical signal (or voice signal or acoustic signal) applied to the piezoelectric material. For example, the flexible vibrating element 110 can vibrate (or be displaced or driven) by alternately contracting and / or expanding due to the piezoelectric effect (or piezoelectric properties). For example, the flexible vibrating element 110 can vibrate (or be displaced or driven) in the vertical (or thickness direction) Z by alternately contracting and / or expanding due to the inverse piezoelectric effect. For example, the flexible vibrating element 110 may vibrate or be mechanically displaced (or vibrate or driven) in response to an externally applied electrical signal of a piezoelectric material including a piezoelectric ceramic. For example, the flexible vibration element 110 may be, but is not limited to, a vibration generating element, a vibration film, a vibrator, an active vibrator, an active vibration generator, an actuator, an exciter, a film actuator, a film exciter, or an active vibration member.

[0037] The flexible vibration element 110 may include a vibration section 111, a first cover member 113, and a second cover member 115.

[0038] The vibrating part 111 may include a piezoelectric material or an electroactive material that has a piezoelectric effect.

[0039] The vibrating section 111 may include a vibrating layer 111a, a first electrode layer 111b, and a second electrode layer 111c.

[0040] The vibrating layer 111a may include a piezoelectric material or an electroactive material having a piezoelectric effect. For example, the vibrating layer 111a may be composed of a ceramic piezoelectric ceramic or a piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite-based crystalline structure. The piezoelectric ceramic may be composed of a single-crystal ceramic having a single-crystal structure or a ceramic material or polycrystalline ceramic having a polycrystalline structure. For example, the vibrating layer 111a may be, but is not limited to, a piezoelectric layer, a piezoelectric material layer, an electroactive layer, a piezoelectric composite, or a piezoelectric ceramic composite. For example, since the vibrating layer 111a is formed to have a relatively thin thickness, it can be bent to have a curved shape within a specific curvature range.

[0041] The vibration layer 111a in other embodiments of this specification may include a piezoelectric composite having flexible properties.

[0042] According to one embodiment, the piezoelectric composite of the vibrating layer 111a may include a plurality of piezoelectric material parts (or inorganic material parts) and a plurality of organic material parts (or flexible parts) configured to fill the gaps between the plurality of piezoelectric material parts. For example, the plurality of piezoelectric material parts and the plurality of organic material parts may have a line shape or stripe shape having the same or different sizes from each other, but are not limited thereto.

[0043] In other embodiments, the piezoelectric composite of the vibrating layer 111a may include a plurality of piezoelectric material parts (or inorganic material parts) and organic material parts (or flexible parts) arranged between the plurality of piezoelectric material parts. For example, each of the plurality of piezoelectric material parts may have a hexahedral shape and be arranged in a grid, but is not limited thereto. For example, each of the plurality of piezoelectric material parts may have the shape of a disc, an elliptical plate, or a polygonal plate. For example, the organic material parts may be connected to or bonded to adjacent piezoelectric material parts by being configured to fill the gap between two adjacent piezoelectric material parts or to surround each of the plurality of piezoelectric material parts.

[0044] The vibration layer 111a according to other embodiments of this specification can have the shape of a single thin film by arranging (or connecting) multiple piezoelectric material parts and one or more organic material parts on the same plane. As a result, the vibration layer 111a according to other embodiments of this specification can vibrate due to the piezoelectric material parts having vibration properties, bend into a curved shape due to the flexible organic material parts, and increase flexibility.

[0045] The first electrode layer 111b may be placed (or deposited) on the first surface (or front surface) of the vibrating layer 111a. The second electrode layer 111c may be placed on a second surface (or back surface) of the vibrating layer 111a that is different from or opposite to the first surface.

[0046] One or more of the first electrode layer 111b and the second electrode layer 111c may consist of a transparent conductive material, a translucent conductive material, or an opaque conductive material. For example, the transparent or translucent conductive material may include, but is not limited to, ITO (indium tin oxide) or IZO (indium zinc oxide). The opaque conductive material may include, but is not limited to, gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), carbon, or silver (Ag) containing glass frit, or alloys thereof.

[0047] The first cover member 113 may be positioned (or configured) on the first surface (or front surface) of the vibrating portion 111. The first cover member 113 may be configured to cover the first surface (or front surface) of the vibrating portion 111. For example, the first cover member 113 may be configured to be larger than the vibrating portion 111. The first cover member 113 may be configured to protect the first surface of the vibrating portion 111 and the first electrode layer 111b.

[0048] The second cover member 115 may be positioned (or configured) on the second surface of the vibrating portion 111 opposite to the first surface. The second cover member 115 may be configured to cover the second electrode layer 111c of the vibrating portion 111. For example, the second cover member 115 may be configured to be larger than the vibrating portion 111 and to be the same size as the first cover member 113. The second cover member 115 may be configured to protect the second surface and the second electrode layer 111c of the vibrating portion 111.

[0049] The first cover member 113 and the second cover member 115 may be constructed from the same material or from different materials. For example, each of the first cover member 113 and the second cover member 115 may be made of a plastic film, but is not limited thereto. For example, each of the first cover member 113 and the second cover member 115 may include an adhesive layer. For example, the first cover member 113 may be attached to the first surface of the vibrating part 111 via the adhesive layer, and the second cover member 115 may be attached to the second surface of the vibrating part 111 via the adhesive layer.

[0050] The flexible vibration element 110 may further include an adhesive member 117.

[0051] The adhesive member 117 may be positioned between the first cover member 113 and the second cover member 115 and configured to surround the side surface of the vibrating portion 111. The adhesive member 117 may include an electrically insulating material that is compressible and resilient while being adhesive. For example, the adhesive member 117 may include, but is not limited to, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, or urethane resin.

[0052] The first cover member 113 can be connected to the first surface of the vibrating part 111 via the adhesive member 117. The second cover member 115 can be connected to the second surface of the vibrating part 111 via the adhesive member 117.

[0053] A vibration device 100 or flexible vibration element 110 according to one embodiment of this specification may further include a signal cable 150.

[0054] The signal cable 150 may be configured to supply vibration drive signals from the vibration drive circuit to the vibration unit 111. The signal cable 150 may be configured to be electrically connected to the vibration unit 111. The signal cable 150 may be configured to be electrically connected to the first electrode layer 111b and the second electrode layer 111c of the vibration unit 111.

[0055] In one embodiment, the signal cable 150 may include a first signal line 151 electrically connected to the first electrode layer 111b of the vibrating section 111, and a second signal line 152 electrically connected to the second electrode layer 111c of the vibrating section 111.

[0056] The first signal line 151 can be electrically connected directly to the first electrode layer 111b of the vibrating part 111 or electrically connected to the first electrode layer 111b of the vibrating part 111 via a conductive tape (or pad). The second signal line 152 can be electrically connected directly to the second electrode layer 111c of the vibrating part 111 or electrically connected to the second electrode layer 111c of the vibrating part 111 via a conductive tape (or pad).

[0057] One side (or end) 150e of the signal cable 150 can be housed (or inserted) between the first cover member 113 and the second cover member 115. For example, one side (or end) 150e of the signal cable 150 can be housed (or inserted) between one side edge of the first cover member 113 and one side edge of the second cover member 115. For example, one side (or end) 150e of the signal cable 150 can be inserted into an adhesive member 117 positioned between one side edge of the first cover member 113 and one side edge of the second cover member 115. This allows the signal cable 150 to be integrated with the flexible vibrating element 110 (or vibrating part 111). Thus, the vibrating device 100 is embodied in a film form integrated with the signal cable 150, and thus has the effect of being made from a single (uni) material.

[0058] The shape-retaining member 130 may be configured to maintain the flexible vibrating element 110 in a curved shape or may have a structure for maintaining the flexible vibrating element 110 in a curved shape. The shape-retaining member 130 may include a curved portion 133 for maintaining the flexible vibrating element 110 in a curved shape. For example, the shape-retaining member 130 may include a curved portion 133 coupled to the back surface of the flexible vibrating element 110. This allows the flexible vibrating element 110 to bend to a curved shape corresponding to the curved shape of the curved portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130, and to be maintained in a curved state. For example, the shape-retaining member 130 may be a support member, a curved support member, a fixing member, a shape fixing member, or a rear member.

[0059] The shape-retaining member 130 according to one embodiment may be made of a plastic material, but is not limited thereto. For example, the shape-retaining member 130 may be made of one or more of the following materials: polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polypropylene, polyarylate, polyethersulfone, polyethylene naphthalate, polysulfone, cyclic-olefin copolymer, and carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP).

[0060] The shape-retaining member 130 according to one embodiment may include a body 131, a curved portion 133, and a groove portion 135.

[0061] The body 131 may have a size corresponding to the size of the flexible vibration element 110. The body 131 may have, but is not limited to, a hexahedral shape. For example, the body 131 may include a front, a pair of long sides, a pair of short sides, and a back surface 131r.

[0062] The curved portion 133 may be formed on the front surface of the fuselage 131 so as to have a curved surface. The curved portion 133 may be formed to bulge out on the front surface of the fuselage 131 so as to have a curved surface. For example, the curved portion 133 may include one or more curved surfaces. For example, the curved portion 133 may be formed to have a predetermined curvature between a pair of short sides of the fuselage 131, or to have multiple curvatures.

[0063] In one embodiment, the distance between the back surface 130r of the fuselage 131 and the center of the curved portion 133 may be greater than the distance between the back surface 130r of the fuselage 131 and the edge of the curved portion 133. Therefore, the front surface of the fuselage 131 may have a curved shape that bulges out due to the curved portion 133 having one or more curved surfaces.

[0064] The edge 131e of the curved portion 133 can be coupled to the flexible vibrating element 110. For example, the edge 131e of the curved portion 133 can be coupled to the back edge of the flexible vibrating element 110. This allows the flexible vibrating element 110 to bend from a planar (or flat) shape to a curved shape that precisely matches the curved shape of the curved portion 133 by being coupled to the edge 131e of the curved portion 133, and to maintain that curved shape.

[0065] The groove 135 can be formed in a concave shape from the center of the curved surface 133, excluding the edges of the curved surface 133, toward the back surface 131r of the body 131. Thus, the edges of the curved surface 133 (or the front edges of the body 131) 131e can have or maintain a curved shape.

[0066] The groove 135 may be configured so that no stress is applied to the central part of the flexible vibrating element 110, excluding the back edge of the flexible vibrating element 110 which is coupled to the curved surface 133. The groove 135 may be configured to provide a gap space 135s between the central part of the flexible vibrating element 110 and the body 131. The edge of the flexible vibrating element 110 is coupled to the edge of the curved surface 133, and the central part of the flexible vibrating element 110 may face the bottom surface 130b of the groove 135 across the gap space 135s. As a result, the central part of the flexible vibrating element 110, excluding the back edge of the flexible vibrating element 110, is not subjected to additional stress by the gap space 135s and can vibrate (or displace) freely.

[0067] The vibration device 100 according to one embodiment of this specification may further include a coupling member 120.

[0068] The coupling member 120 may be interposed (or coupled) between the flexible vibration element 110 and the shape-retaining member 130. For example, the coupling member 120 may be interposed (or coupled) between the edge of the flexible vibration element 110 and the edge of the shape-retaining member 130. The coupling member 120 may be interposed (or coupled) between the flexible vibration element 110 and the curved surface portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130. For example, the coupling member 120 may be interposed (or coupled) between the back edge of the flexible vibration element 110 and the curved surface portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130.

[0069] The coupling member 120 may be configured to minimize or prevent the transmission of vibrations from the flexible vibrating element 110 to the shape-retaining member 130. The coupling member 120 may have material properties suitable for blocking the transmission of vibrations from the flexible vibrating element 110 to the shape-retaining member 130. For example, the coupling member 120 may include a material having elasticity (or Young's modulus). For example, the coupling member 120 may include a material having elasticity for vibration absorption (or shock absorption). For example, the coupling member 120 may be composed of a material having low elasticity or a soft material. For example, the coupling member 120 may include a self-fusing vibration-damping tape having a silicone, ethylene propylene rubber, or urethane rubber material, or it may include a double-sided sponge tape, a double-sided porous tape, or a double-sided cushion tape.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the binder 120 may be ethylene propylene rubber or urethane rubber, but is not limited thereto. For example, ethylene propylene rubber may be ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and by changing the foaming rate in EPDM, it can be configured to have low elasticity, but is not limited thereto.

[0071] In one embodiment, the connecting member 120 may have a frame shape or a ring shape having a hollow portion corresponding to the groove portion 135 of the shape-retaining member 130. The connecting member 120 may have a frame shape or a ring shape having a width corresponding to the curved portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130. For example, the connecting member 120 may be the same as or smaller than the width of the edge portion (or the front edge portion of the body 131) 131e of the curved portion 133. Thus, the flexible vibrating element 110 can be bent to a curved shape that precisely corresponds to the curved shape of the curved portion 133 by being coupled to the curved portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130 via the connecting member 120. Thus, the curved shape of the flexible vibrating element 110 can be maintained or fixed by the connecting member 120.

[0072] The connecting member 120 in other embodiments may include first to fourth connecting members 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120d.

[0073] The first connecting member 120a may have a size and shape corresponding to the curved surface portion 133 adjacent to the first short side of the body 131 of the shape-retaining member 130. The second connecting member 120b may have a size and shape corresponding to the curved surface portion 133 adjacent to the second short side of the body 131 of the shape-retaining member 130. The third connecting member 120c may have a size and shape corresponding to the curved surface portion 133 adjacent to the first long side of the body 131 of the shape-retaining member 130. The fourth connecting member 120d may have a size and shape corresponding to the curved surface portion 133 adjacent to the second long side of the body 131 of the shape-retaining member 130. Therefore, the flexible vibrating element 110 can be bent to a curved shape that accurately corresponds to the curved shape of the curved surface portion 133 by being connected to the curved surface portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130 via the first to fourth connecting members 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120d. Therefore, the curved shape of the flexible vibration element 110 can be maintained or fixed by the first to fourth coupling members 120a, 120b, 120c, and 120d.

[0074] According to one embodiment of this specification, the flexible vibration element 110 or vibration layer 111a can be polarized (or polled) while coupled to the curved portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130 and maintained in a curved shape. That is, the flexible vibration element 110 or vibration layer 111a is polarized while the vibration layer 111a is stressed due to its curved shape. According to one embodiment of this specification, the vibration layer 111a of the flexible vibration element 110, which has a curved shape due to the shape-retaining member 130, can be polarized by a constant voltage applied to the first electrode layer 111b and the second electrode layer 111c in a constant temperature atmosphere or a temperature atmosphere that changes from high temperature to room temperature.

[0075] In one embodiment of the vibration device 100 described herein, the flexible vibration element 110 can vibrate in response to a vibration drive signal supplied from a vibration drive circuit to generate (or output) sound. Furthermore, the flexible vibration element 110 can vibrate in response to a haptic drive signal supplied from a vibration drive circuit to generate (or output) haptic vibration.

[0076] Figures 4A to 4C show a method for manufacturing a vibration device according to one embodiment of this specification. The method for manufacturing a vibration device will be described below with reference to Figures 4A to 4C. Note that the explanations for Figures 1 to 3 may be included in the explanations for Figures 4A to 4C, so redundant explanations will be omitted or simplified.

[0077] First, refer to Figures 1 to 3 to prepare a flexible vibrating element 110 that includes a vibrating layer 111a made of the piezoelectric material described above.

[0078] Next, as shown in Figure 4A, a shape-retaining member 130 having a curved portion 133 is prepared.

[0079] Next, as shown in Figure 4B, the flexible vibrating element 110 is coupled to the curved portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130 via the coupling member 120. As a result, the flexible vibrating element 110 bends to the curved shape corresponding to the curved portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130, and the coupling member 120 maintains the curved shape.

[0080] Next, as shown in Figure 4C, a polarization voltage is applied to the vibration layer 111a of the flexible vibration element 110, which is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion 133 by the shape-retaining member 130, in a constant temperature atmosphere or a temperature atmosphere that changes from high temperature to room temperature, thereby polarizing the vibration layer 11a. For example, in the polarization process, the signal cable 150 of the flexible vibration element 110 is electrically connected to the power cable of the power supply device 190, and the power supply device 190 can apply a polarization voltage to the first electrode layer 111b and the second electrode layer 111c of the vibration part 111 via the first and second signal lines 151 and 152 of the power cable and signal cable 150. Thus, the vibration layer 111a of the flexible vibration element 110 is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion 133 by the shape-retaining member 130, and can be polarized by the polarization voltage while under stress due to the curved shape.

[0081] When the vibrating layer 111a is polarized under stress due to its curved shape, the interaction of stress and polarization strengthens the direction of residual polarization within the domains inside the piezoelectric material in a specific direction, thereby increasing the piezoelectric constant of the vibrating layer 111a. When stress and polarization act simultaneously on the piezoelectric material during the polarization process, the direction of stress affects the polarization, allowing the polarization within the domains to be aligned more effectively. This can increase the piezoelectric constant of the vibrating layer 111a or minimize the decrease in the piezoelectric constant due to stress caused by the curved shape. Thus, the electromechanical coupling coefficient and dielectric constant can be increased or the decrease in the electromechanical coupling coefficient and dielectric constant can be minimized, increasing the capacitance, or the decrease in capacitance can be minimized, thereby increasing the displacement (or displacement width) and vibration acceleration of the vibrating layer 111a or minimizing the decrease in the displacement (or displacement width) and vibration acceleration of the vibrating layer 111a. Furthermore, in the polarization process, the interaction between stress and polarization allows the polarization within the internal domains of the piezoelectric material to be electrically anisotropic due to the influence of the stress direction. This allows the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric material to increase in a specific direction, thereby increasing the piezoelectric constant and capacitance of the vibrating layer 111a. Thus, the decrease in the piezoelectric constant, electromechanical coupling coefficient and dielectric constant, capacitance, displacement (or displacement width), and vibration acceleration due to the stress applied by the curved shape can be suppressed or minimized in the polarization process through the interaction between stress and polarization. The flexible vibrating element 110 (or vibrating layer 111a) that has been polarized in a curved shape maintains its curved shape by the curved portion 133 of the shape-maintaining member 130, thus maintaining the piezoelectric properties realized in the polarization process.

[0082] As described above, the vibration device 100 and the method for manufacturing the vibration device 100 according to one embodiment of this specification include a flexible vibration element 110 that is polarized in a curved shape by the curved portion 133 of the shape-retaining member 130. Therefore, the decrease in piezoelectric constant and capacitance due to the stress applied by the curved shape can be minimized, or the displacement (or displacement width) and vibration acceleration can be increased by increasing the piezoelectric constant and capacitance.

[0083] Therefore, in the vibration device 100 according to one embodiment of this specification, the amount of displacement (or displacement width) of the flexible vibration element 110 increases, which improves the acoustic characteristics and / or sound pressure characteristics of the sound generated by the displacement (or vibration) of the flexible vibration element 110, and improves the user's perception of haptic feedback (or haptic vibration) generated by the displacement (or vibration) of the flexible vibration element 110.

[0084] Figure 5 is another cross-sectional view along the line I-I' shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 shows a vibration device according to one embodiment of this specification described with reference to Figures 1 to 4C, with an additional sound-absorbing member. Therefore, in the following description, the sound-absorbing member will be described in detail, and the remaining components are substantially the same as those described in Figures 1 to 4c, so the same reference numerals will be used for them, and redundant explanations will be omitted or simplified.

[0085] Referring to Figures 1 and 5, the vibration device 100 according to other embodiments of this specification may further include a sound-absorbing member 170.

[0086] The sound-absorbing member 170 may be placed (or housed) in the groove 135 of the shape-retaining member 130. The sound-absorbing member 170 may be placed (or attached) to the bottom surface 130b of the groove 135. For example, the sound-absorbing member 170 may include a nonwoven fabric made of plastic material. For example, the plastic material of the sound-absorbing member 170 may include polypropylene or polyethylene. For example, the sound-absorbing member 170 may include a nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene or polyethylene that can absorb sound.

[0087] A portion of the groove 135 may be filled with a sound-absorbing member 170. For example, the sound-absorbing member 170 may be separated from the back surface of the flexible vibrating element 110. The back surface of the flexible vibrating element 110 may be separated from the sound-absorbing member 170 by a gap space 135s.

[0088] The sound-absorbing member 170 reduces the low-frequency resonance generated on the back surface of the flexible vibrating element 110 when the flexible vibrating element 110 vibrates (or is displaced), thereby minimizing the booming phenomenon caused by interference between low frequencies and improving sound quality.

[0089] Such other embodiments of the vibrator 100 described herein may provide or have the same effects as the vibrator 100 described herein with reference to Figures 1 to 4C.

[0090] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a flexible display device according to the first embodiment of this specification. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II' shown in Figure 6.

[0091] Referring to Figures 6 and 7, the flexible display device 500 according to the first embodiment of this specification may include a display panel 510 and a vibration generator 580.

[0092] The display panel 510 may be configured to display images (or still images). For example, the display panel 510 may be configured to display multiple vehicle control icons (or user interface icons) including one or more of the following: images, characters, shapes, symbols, and numbers. For example, the display panel 510 may include a smart surface display. For example, the display panel 510 may be a smart surface display panel.

[0093] An example display panel 510 may include a base substrate 511, a pixel array 513 arranged (or configured) on the base substrate 511, and an optical film 517 attached to the front surface of the pixel array 513.

[0094] The base substrate 611 may, but is not limited to, be made of a plastic material.

[0095] The pixel array section 513 may include a plurality of pixel cells arranged (or configured) at predetermined positions on the base substrate 511. For example, each of the plurality of pixel cells may include one or more light-emitting diodes.

[0096] The optical film 517 may be positioned (or configured) to cover the entire front surface of the pixel array section 513. The optical film 517 may be attached to the entire front surface of the pixel array section 513 via a transparent adhesive layer 515. The optical film 517 may contain multiple vehicle control icons corresponding to each of the multiple pixel cells. For example, the multiple vehicle control icons may be configured to display multiple vehicle control icons (or user interface icons) that include one or more of the following: images, characters, shapes, symbols, and numbers.

[0097] The display panel 510 can provide the user with one or more of several vehicle control icons by illuminating one or more light-emitting diodes.

[0098] The flexible display device 500 according to the first embodiment of this specification may further include a cover window 530.

[0099] The cover window 530 may be configured to cover the front surface of the display panel 510. For example, the cover window 530 may be attached to the front surface of the display panel 510 via the first transparent adhesive member 520. For example, the cover window 530 can protect the display panel 510 from external impacts or block impacts applied to the display panel 510. For example, the cover window 530 may be made of a transparent plastic material or a flexible glass material, but is not limited thereto.

[0100] The flexible display device 500 according to the first embodiment of this specification may further include a touch panel 550. The touch panel 550 may be positioned (or interposed) between the cover window 530 and the display panel 510 and configured to sense user touch on the cover window 530.

[0101] A touch panel 550 according to one embodiment may include a touch electrode layer containing multiple touch drive lines and multiple touch sensing lines using a mutual capacitance method. A touch panel 550 according to another embodiment may include a touch electrode layer containing multiple touch electrodes using a self-capacitance method.

[0102] The touch panel 550 is attached to the front surface of the display panel 510 via the second transparent adhesive member 540 and can be coupled to the cover window 530 by the first transparent adhesive member 520. For example, the cover window 530 can be attached to the front surface of the touch panel 550 via the first transparent adhesive member 520.

[0103] The vibration generator 580 may be configured to vibrate the display panel 510. The vibration generator 580 may be attached to the back of the display panel 510. The vibration generator 580 may be attached to the back of the display panel 510 via a coupling member 590.

[0104] The vibration generator 580 is configured to vibrate the display panel 510 to output one or more of sound, vibration, and vibration haptics, or may have a structure for outputting one or more of sound, vibration, and vibration haptics. For example, the display panel 510 may be used as a vibrating member (or vibrating plate or acoustic plate) that vibrates and generates (or outputs) sound and / or vibration by being driven (or vibrated or displaced) by the vibration generator 580.

[0105] The vibration generator 580 may include the vibration device 581.

[0106] Since the vibration device 581 according to one embodiment is substantially identical to the vibration device 100 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5, redundant explanations regarding it will be omitted. Therefore, the explanations for Figures 1 to 5 may be included in the explanation for Figure 7.

[0107] Since the vibration device 581 includes a curved shape, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 5, the vibration generator 580 also includes a curved shape. Therefore, each of the display panel 510, touch panel 550, and cover window 530 coupled with the vibration generator 580 can be bent to have a curved shape corresponding to the curved shape of the vibration device 581 (or vibration generator 580). Thus, the flexible display device 500 according to the first embodiment of this specification may be a curved display device or a curved flexible display device.

[0108] The flexible display device 500 according to the first embodiment of this specification can output one or more of the following: sound, vibration, and vibration haptics, through vibration (or displacement) of the display panel 510 (or cover window 530) caused by vibration (or displacement) of a vibration generator 580, including a vibration device according to the embodiment of this specification described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. When sound is output, the acoustic characteristics and / or sound pressure characteristics of the sound can be improved, and when haptic drive is performed, the user's perception characteristics of haptic feedback (or haptic vibration) can be improved.

[0109] Figure 8 is another cross-sectional view along the line II-II' shown in Figure 6. Figure 8 shows a flexible display device according to a second embodiment of this specification.

[0110] Referring to Figures 6 and 8, the flexible display device 600 according to the second embodiment of this specification may include a display panel 610 and a vibration generator 680.

[0111] The display panel 610 may be configured to display video (or still images). For example, the display panel 610 may be configured to display video, still images, and one or more of a plurality of vehicle control icons. For example, the display panel 610 may include an emissive display or an emissive diode display. For example, the display panel 610 may be an organic emissive display panel.

[0112] An example display panel 610 may include a base substrate 611, a pixel array section 613 disposed (or configured) on the base substrate 611, and a sealing section 615 disposed (or configured) on the pixel array section 613.

[0113] The base substrate 611 may, but is not limited to, be made of a plastic material.

[0114] The pixel array 613 may include a plurality of pixels that display an image in response to signals supplied to pixel signal lines configured on the first surface of the base substrate 511.

[0115] Each of the multiple pixels may include a pixel circuit layer comprising a drive thin-film transistor provided in a pixel region composed of multiple gate lines and / or multiple data lines, an anode electrode electrically connected to the drive thin-film transistor, a light-emitting layer formed on the anode electrode, and a cathode electrode electrically connected to the light-emitting layer.

[0116] Each light-emitting pixel may be embodied to emit light of the same color, for example, white, or each pixel may be embodied to emit light of a different color, for example, red, green, or blue.

[0117] Multiple pixels (or light-emitting layers) may be configured to display an image in a bottom emission manner, but the embodiments herein are not limited thereto. For example, multiple pixels (or light-emitting layers) may be configured to display an image in a top emission manner. Light generated in a pixel in a bottom emission manner may pass through the base substrate 611 and be emitted toward the front of the display panel 610. Light generated in a pixel in a top emission manner may pass through the sealing portion 615 and be emitted toward the front of the display panel 610.

[0118] The sealing portion 615 may be configured to directly surround the pixel array portion 613. The sealing portion 615 may be configured to prevent external moisture or humidity from penetrating to the light-emitting element layer. The sealing portion 615 may be formed of an inorganic material layer or an organic material layer, or it may be formed as a multilayer structure in which inorganic material layers and organic material layers are alternately stacked. For example, the sealing portion 615 may be omitted depending on the structure of the display panel 610.

[0119] The flexible display device 600 according to the second embodiment of this specification may further include a cover window 630.

[0120] The cover window 630 may be configured to cover the front surface of the display panel 610. For example, the cover window 630 may be attached to the front surface of the display panel 610 via a first transparent adhesive member 620. For example, the cover window 630 can protect the display panel 610 from external impacts or block impacts applied to the display panel 610. For example, the cover window 630 may be made of a transparent plastic material or a flexible glass material, but is not limited thereto.

[0121] The flexible display device 600 according to the second embodiment of this specification may further include a touch panel 650.

[0122] In one embodiment, the touch panel 650 may be positioned (or interposed) between the cover window 630 and the display panel 610 and configured to sense user touch on the cover window 630. For example, the touch panel 650 may include a touch electrode layer comprising a plurality of touch drive lines and a plurality of touch sensing lines in a mutual capacitive manner. In another example, the touch panel 650 may include a touch electrode layer comprising a plurality of touch electrodes in a self-capacitive manner.

[0123] The touch panel 650 can be attached to the front surface of the display panel 610 via the second transparent adhesive member 640 and coupled to the cover window 630 by the first transparent adhesive member 620. For example, the touch panel 650 can be attached to the front surface of the touch panel 650 via the first transparent adhesive member 620.

[0124] In other embodiments, the touch panel 650 may be formed directly on the sealing portion 615 using an in-cell touch method. For example, when the light-emitting layer has a top-emission method, the touch panel 650 can be modified to have a touch electrode layer formed directly on the front surface of the sealing portion 615. As an example, the touch electrode layer may include a plurality of touch drive lines and a plurality of touch sensing lines using a mutual capacitance method. As another example, the touch electrode layer may include a plurality of touch electrodes using a self-capacitance method.

[0125] The flexible display device 600 according to the second embodiment of this specification may further include a backplate 660 attached to the back of the display panel 610.

[0126] The backplate 660 may be attached to a second surface of the base substrate 611 opposite to the first surface. The backplate 660 may be attached to a second surface of the base substrate 611 opposite to the first surface via an adhesive layer. The backplate 660 increases the rigidity of the display panel 610 and allows heat generated in the display panel 610 to be dissipated. For example, the backplate 660 may be made of a metal material.

[0127] The vibration generator 680 may be configured to vibrate the display panel 610. The vibration generator 680 may be attached to the back of the display panel 610. The vibration generator 680 may be attached to the back of the display panel 610 via a coupling member 690. For example, the vibration generator 680 may be attached to the back of the back plate 660 via the coupling member 690.

[0128] The vibration generator 680 is configured to vibrate the display panel 610 to output one or more of sound, vibration, and vibration haptics, or may have a structure for outputting one or more of sound, vibration, and vibration haptics. For example, the display panel 610 may be used as a vibrating member (or vibrating plate or acoustic plate) that vibrates and generates (or outputs) sound and / or vibration by being driven (or vibrated or displaced) by the vibration generator 680.

[0129] The vibration generator 680 may include a vibration device 681.

[0130] Since the vibration device 681 according to one embodiment is substantially identical to the vibration device 100 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5, redundant explanations regarding it will be omitted. Therefore, the explanations for Figures 1 to 5 may be included in the explanation for Figure 8.

[0131] Since the vibration device 681 includes a curved shape, as described with reference to Figures 1 to 5, the vibration generator 680 also includes a curved shape. Therefore, each of the display panel 610, touch panel 650, and cover window 630 coupled with the vibration generator 680 can be bent to have a curved shape corresponding to the curved shape of the vibration device 681 (or vibration generator 680). Thus, the flexible display device 600 according to the second embodiment of this specification may be a curved display device or a curved flexible display device.

[0132] The flexible display device 600 according to the second embodiment of this specification can output one or more of the following: sound, vibration, and vibration haptics, through vibration (or displacement) of the display panel 610 (or cover window 630) caused by vibration (or displacement) of a vibration generator 680, including a vibration device according to the embodiment of this specification described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. When sound is output, the acoustic characteristics and / or sound pressure characteristics of the sound can be improved, and when haptic drive is performed, the user's perception characteristics of haptic feedback (or haptic vibration) can be improved.

[0133] Figure 9 is a plan view showing a transport device according to one embodiment of this specification. Figure 10 is a diagram showing the dashboard of the transport device shown in Figure 9.

[0134] Referring to Figures 9 and 10, the transport device 10 according to one embodiment of this specification may include one or more seats (DS, PS) and one or more glass windows. For example, the transport device 10 may include automobiles, trains, ships, or aircraft.

[0135] A transport device 10 according to one embodiment of this specification may include a dashboard 710, an instrument panel module 720, a steering wheel 730, door trim 750, and an auxiliary display 760.

[0136] The dashboard 710 may include a first area (DA) facing the driver's seat (DS), a second area (PA) facing the passenger seat (PS), and a third area (MA) between the first area (DA) and the second area (PA).

[0137] The instrument panel module 720 may be located in the first area (DA) of the dashboard 710.

[0138] The instrument panel module 720 may include a display device for providing the driver with various information, such as operational information including speed, fuel level, and engine speed, as well as vehicle status information, during vehicle operation. Additionally, the instrument panel module 720 may be connected to vehicle convenience systems and navigation systems, such as audio systems, air conditioning systems, and multimedia systems installed inside the vehicle, and may display control icons for controlling these vehicle convenience systems and navigation information provided by the navigation system.

[0139] The steering wheel 730 may be positioned in the first area (DA) of the dashboard 710 facing the driver's seat (DS).

[0140] The door interior material 750 may be configured to cover the inner surfaces of the driver's side door frame, the passenger side door frame, the left rear passenger door frame, and the right rear passenger door frame, respectively.

[0141] An auxiliary display 760 according to one embodiment may be positioned in one or more of the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710, the steering wheel 730, and the door interior material 750, and may include a curved shape. For example, an auxiliary display 760 positioned in the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710 may extend from the second area (PA) to a portion of the third area (MA) of the dashboard 710. For example, one or more of the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710, the steering wheel 730, and the door interior material 750 may include a curved shape. An auxiliary display 760 according to one embodiment may include a curved shape corresponding to a curved shape included in one or more of the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710, the steering wheel 730, and the door interior material 750.

[0142] The auxiliary display 760 in one embodiment may be, but is not limited to, a smart surface display.

[0143] The auxiliary display 760, which consists of a smart surface display, may be configured to display images. For example, the auxiliary display 760 may be configured to display multiple vehicle control icons (or user interface icons) including one or more of the following: images, characters, shapes, symbols, and numbers. Such an auxiliary display 760 may be configured to output one or more of the following: sound, vibration, and vibration haptics.

[0144] An auxiliary display 760 according to one embodiment may be configured to include a flexible display device 500 according to the first embodiment of this specification, as described with reference to Figures 6 and 7, or may have a structure that includes a flexible display device 500. A redundant description of the above configuration and structure is omitted. The description of Figures 6 and 7 may be included in the description of Figures 9 and 10. For example, the auxiliary display 760 may include a display panel configured to display a plurality of user interface icons, and one or more vibration generators attached to the back of the display panel, the vibration generators of which may include the vibration generators described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. Furthermore, the auxiliary display 760 may further include a cover window and a touch panel, as described with reference to Figures 6 and 7, a redundant description of which is omitted.

[0145] An auxiliary display 760 according to one embodiment can output one or more of the following: sound, vibration, and vibration haptics, through vibration (or displacement) of a vibration generator including a vibration device 100 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. For example, because the auxiliary display 760 includes a vibration device 100 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5, when outputting sound, the acoustic characteristics and / or sound pressure characteristics can be improved, and when haptic driving, the user's perception of haptic feedback (or haptic vibration) can be improved.

[0146] One or more of the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710 where the auxiliary display 760 is located, the steering wheel 730, and the door interior material 750 may include a recessed housing. The housing may be configured to be recessed to accommodate the curved auxiliary display 760, or may have a recessed structure to accommodate the curved auxiliary display 760.

[0147] An auxiliary display 760 in another embodiment may be positioned in one or more of the following: the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710, the steering wheel 730, the door interior material 750, the back of the driver's seat (DS), and the back of the passenger seat (PS), and may include a curved shape. For example, one or more of the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710, the steering wheel 730, the door interior material 750, the back of the driver's seat (DS), and the back of the passenger seat (PS) may include a curved shape. An auxiliary display 760 in another embodiment may include a curved shape corresponding to a curved shape included in one or more of the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710, the steering wheel 730, the door interior material 750, the back of the driver's seat (DS), and the back of the passenger seat (PS).

[0148] The auxiliary display 760 in other embodiments may be, but is not limited to, a flexible display or a curved display. For example, the auxiliary display 760 in other embodiments may be an organic light-emitting display device or a flexible light-emitting display device.

[0149] In other embodiments, the auxiliary display 760 may be configured to display images. For example, the auxiliary display 760 may be configured to display one or more of the following: video, still images, and multiple vehicle control icons. Such an auxiliary display 760 may be configured to output one or more of the following: sound, vibration, and vibration haptics.

[0150] Other embodiments of the auxiliary display 760 may be configured to include or have a structure that includes a flexible display device 600 according to a second embodiment of this specification, described with reference to Figures 6 and 8. A redundant description of the above configurations and structures is omitted. The description of Figures 6 and 8 may be included in the description of Figures 9 and 10. For example, the auxiliary display 760 may include a display panel configured for display, and one or more vibration generators attached to the back of the display panel, the vibration generators of which may include the vibration generators described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. The auxiliary display 760 may further include a cover window and a touch panel, described with reference to Figures 6 and 8, a redundant description of which is omitted.

[0151] In other embodiments, the auxiliary display 760 can output one or more of the following: sound, vibration, and vibration haptics, through vibration (or displacement) of a vibration generator including a vibration device 100 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. For example, since the auxiliary display 760 includes a vibration device 100 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5, when outputting sound, the acoustic characteristics and / or sound pressure characteristics can be improved, and when haptic driving, the user's perception of haptic feedback (or haptic vibration) can be improved.

[0152] Figure 11 shows the door interior material and auxiliary display shown in Figure 10. Figure 12 is a cross-sectional view along the line III-III' shown in Figure 11.

[0153] Referring to Figures 11 and 12, a transport device according to one embodiment of this specification may include a door interior material 750 and an auxiliary display 760 positioned in the door interior material 750.

[0154] In one embodiment, the door interior material 750 may include a door trim bezel 751 and a housing portion 753.

[0155] The door trim bezel 751 may be configured to have a curved shape or may have a structure for having a curved shape.

[0156] The housing portion 753 may be formed in a recess from the upper surface of the door trim bezel 751. The housing portion 753 may be configured to house (or store) the auxiliary display 760. For example, the housing portion 753 may be a groove or groove.

[0157] The auxiliary display 760 may have a curved shape corresponding to the curved shape of the door trim bezel 751. The auxiliary display 760 may be configured to include a flexible display device 500 according to the first embodiment of this specification, as described with reference to Figures 6 and 7, or may have a structure that includes a flexible display device 500. A redundant description of the above configuration and structure is omitted.

[0158] The auxiliary display 760 shown in Figure 12 can be replaced with the flexible display device 600 according to the second embodiment of this specification, which has been described with reference to Figures 6 and 8. A redundant explanation of the above configuration is omitted.

[0159] The housing portion 753 of the door interior material 750 may be configured to support the rear edge of the cover window 530 of the auxiliary display 760.

[0160] An auxiliary display 760 positioned on the door interior material 750 can display vehicle control icons such as window open, window close, window lock, seat heating, and seat cooling icons, and may be configured to output haptic vibrations in response to the passenger's touch on the vehicle control icons.

[0161] The transport device according to one embodiment of this specification may further include a deco film 765.

[0162] The decorative film 765 may be configured to cover the auxiliary display 760 housed in the housing 753 of the door trim bezel 751. For example, the decorative film 765 may be attached to the door trim bezel 751 and the cover window 530 of the auxiliary display 760.

[0163] A decorative film 765 according to one embodiment may include hues and patterns to enhance the aesthetic appearance of the door trim bezel 751. For example, the decorative film 765 may, but is not limited to, wood hues and wood patterns.

[0164] The storage compartment 753 and the decorative film 765 can also be applied to one or more of the following: the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710 where the auxiliary display 760 is located, the steering wheel 730, the back of the driver's seat (DS), and the back of the passenger seat (PS).

[0165] As shown in Figure 10, the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710 may include a recessed housing to accommodate the auxiliary display 760. The decorative film 765 may be attached around the housing formed in the second area (PA) of the dashboard 710 and on the cover window of the auxiliary display 760.

[0166] As shown in Figure 10, the steering wheel 730 may include a recessed housing to accommodate the auxiliary display 760. The decorative film 765 may be attached around the housing formed on the steering wheel 730 and on the cover window of the auxiliary display 760.

[0167] A transport device according to one embodiment of this specification can output one or more of the following: sound, vibration, and vibrational haptics, via an auxiliary display 760 which includes a vibration device 100 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5. For example, since the auxiliary display 760 includes the vibration device 100 described with reference to Figures 1 to 5, when sound is output, the acoustic characteristics and / or sound pressure characteristics can be improved, and when haptic drive is performed, the user's perception of haptic feedback (or haptic vibration) can be improved.

[0168] The inventors of this specification conducted experiments to measure the capacitance of flexible vibrating elements in planar shapes, curved shapes, and polarization procedures.

[0169] As a first experimental example, the inventors measured the capacitance of a flexible vibrating element with a polarized vibration layer in a planar shape. As a second experimental example, they attached the flexible vibrating element from the first experimental example to a planar support structure and then measured the capacitance of the flexible vibrating element. As a third experimental example, they maintained the flexible vibrating element from the second experimental example in a curved shape and then measured the capacitance of the flexible vibrating element. As a fourth experimental example, they measured the capacitance of a flexible vibrating element with a polarized vibration layer in a curved shape. As a fifth experimental example, they attached the flexible vibrating element with a polarized vibration layer in a curved shape to the curved portion of a shape-retaining member and then measured the capacitance of the flexible vibrating element. In the first to fifth experimental examples, the vibration layer of the flexible vibrating element has a width of 60 mm and a length of 120 mm.

[0170] According to the experiment, the capacitance of the first experimental example was measured as 1.459 Cp, the capacitance of the second experimental example as 1.44 Cp, the capacitance of the third experimental example as 1.35 Cp, the capacitance of the fourth experimental example as 1.48 Cp, and the capacitance of the fifth experimental example as 1.43 Cp.

[0171] Compared to the first experimental example, the second experimental example shows that when a flexible vibrating element with a polarized vibration layer in a planar shape is attached to a planar support structure, the capacitance decreases by approximately 0.019 Cp due to the stress applied by the support structure.

[0172] Compared to the first experimental example, the third experimental example shows that the capacitance of a flexible vibrating element with a planar vibrating layer polarized decreases by approximately 0.109 Cp due to the stress applied by the curved shape.

[0173] Compared to the first to third experimental examples, the fourth experimental example shows that polarization with a curved shape increases the capacitance by approximately 0.021 Cp to 0.13 Cp.

[0174] The capacitance of the fifth experimental example is lower than that of the fourth experimental example due to the stress caused by the curved shape of the flexible vibrating element with a polarized vibrating layer, but it is higher than that of the third embodiment. Furthermore, the difference between the capacitance of the fourth experimental example and the capacitance of the fifth embodiment (0.05 Cp) is smaller than the difference between the capacitance of the first experimental example and the capacitance of the third embodiment (0.109 Cp).

[0175] Therefore, the vibration device according to one embodiment of this specification can increase capacitance by polarization in a curved shape and minimize the decrease in capacitance due to stress caused by the curved shape. In particular, in the vibration device according to one embodiment of this specification, polarization is performed on a flexible vibration element having a curved shape by a shape-retaining member, and the curved shape of the polarized flexible vibration element is maintained as is by the shape-retaining member, so the decrease in capacitance caused by stress caused by the curved shape can be suppressed or minimized.

[0176] This specification, as described above, is not limited to the embodiments and accompanying figures, and it will be apparent to those ordinary skill in the art to which this specification pertains that various substitutions, modifications, and alterations are possible without departing from the technical idea of ​​this specification. Accordingly, the scope of this specification is indicated by the claims set forth below, and all modified or altered forms derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalent concepts should be interpreted as being included within the scope of this specification. [Explanation of symbols]

[0177] 100: Vibration device 110: Flexible vibration element 111: Vibration part 113: First cover member 115: Second cover member 117: Adhesive material 130: Shape-retaining member 133: Curved surface part 135: Groove 150: Signal cable 170: Sound-absorbing material 500, 600: Flexible display devices 510, 610: Display panel 530, 630: Cover window 550, 650: Touch panel 580, 680: Vibration generator 750: Door interior materials 751: Door trim bezel 760: Auxiliary display 765: Decorative film

Claims

1. Flexible vibrating element containing piezoelectric material, and Includes a shape-maintaining member having a curved portion coupled to the back surface of the flexible vibrating element, The flexible vibrating element is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion of the shape-retaining member. Vibration device.

2. The shape-retaining member is body, The curved portion formed in the curved shape on the front surface of the fuselage, A groove formed in a concave shape from the center of the curved portion, excluding the edges of the curved portion, toward the back of the body. Includes, The flexible vibration element is coupled to the edge of the curved portion. The vibration device according to claim 1.

3. The vibration device according to claim 2, further comprising a sound-absorbing member disposed in the groove.

4. The vibration device according to claim 2, further comprising a coupling member interposed between the curved portion of the shape-retaining member and the flexible vibration element.

5. The aforementioned connecting member is Self-fusing vibration-damping tape having a silicone, ethylene propylene rubber, or urethane rubber material, or Double-sided sponge tape, or Double-sided porous tape, or Double-sided cushion tape The vibration device according to claim 4, including the following:

6. The aforementioned extended vibrating button is Vibrating part containing the piezoelectric material, A first cover member that covers the first surface of the vibrating part, A second cover member that covers the second surface of the vibrating part opposite to the first surface, and Adhesive member disposed between the first cover member and the second cover member, surrounding the side surface of the vibrating part A vibrating device according to claim 1, including the following:

7. The vibrating part is, Vibrating layer containing the piezoelectric material, A first electrode layer disposed on the first surface of the vibrating layer, and A second electrode layer disposed on a second surface of the vibrating layer that is different from the first surface. The vibration device according to claim 6, including the following:

8. The present invention further includes a signal cable electrically connected to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, A portion of the signal cable is housed between the first cover member and the second cover member. The vibration device according to claim 7.

9. A display panel configured to display images, and A vibration generating device coupled to the back of the display panel and configured to vibrate the display panel. Includes, The vibration generating device includes the vibration device described in any one of claims 1 to 8. Flexible display device.

10. A cover window that covers the front of the display panel, and Touch panel that senses user touch on the cover window The flexible display device according to claim 9, further comprising:

11. The display panel further includes a cover window that covers the front of the display panel, The aforementioned display panel is Base board, A pixel array section arranged on the base substrate, A sealing portion covering the aforementioned pixel array portion, A touch panel placed on the sealing portion, and Optical film disposed between the touch panel and the cover window A flexible display device according to claim 9, including the features of the device described in claim 9.

12. A dashboard having a first area facing the driver's seat, a second area facing the passenger seat, and a third area between the first and second areas, The instrument panel module located on the dashboard, A steering wheel positioned in the first area of ​​the dashboard, Door interior materials placed on the door, and A curved auxiliary display is positioned in one or more of the second region of the dashboard, the steering wheel, and the door interior material. Includes, The aforementioned auxiliary display is A display panel configured to display multiple user interface icons, and A vibration generating device coupled to the back of the display panel and configured to vibrate the display panel. Includes, The vibration generating device includes the vibration device described in any one of claims 1 to 8. transportation equipment.

13. The aforementioned auxiliary display is A cover window that covers the front of the display panel, and A touch panel positioned between the cover window and the display panel, which senses user touch on the cover window. The transport device according to claim 12, further comprising:

14. One or more of the door interior material, the steering wheel, and the second region of the dashboard include a recessed housing portion. The auxiliary display is housed in the housing section. The transport device according to claim 12.

15. The system further includes the auxiliary display housed in the housing and a decorative film covering the periphery of the housing, The aforementioned auxiliary display is A cover window that covers the front of the display panel, and A touch panel positioned between the cover window and the display panel, which senses user touch on the cover window. It further includes, The decorative film is attached to the periphery of the housing and on the cover window. The transport device according to claim 14.

16. A dashboard having a first area facing the driver's seat, a second area facing the passenger seat, and a third area between the first and second areas, The instrument panel module located on the dashboard, Door interior materials placed on the door, and A curved auxiliary display is positioned in one or more of the following locations: the second area of ​​the dashboard, the door interior material, the back of the driver's seat, and the back of the passenger seat. Includes, The aforementioned auxiliary display is A display panel configured to display images, and A vibration generating device coupled to the back of the display panel and configured to vibrate the display panel. Includes, The vibration generating device includes the vibration device described in any one of claims 1 to 8. transportation equipment.

17. The aforementioned door interior material is Door trim bezel, and Recessed housing formed in the door trim bezel Includes, The auxiliary display is housed in the housing section. The transport device according to claim 16.

18. The present invention further includes a decorative film that covers the auxiliary display housed in the aforementioned housing, The auxiliary display further includes a cover window that covers the front of the display panel, The aforementioned display panel is Base board, A pixel array section arranged on the base substrate, A sealing portion covering the aforementioned pixel array portion, A touch panel placed on the sealing portion, and Optical film disposed between the touch panel and the cover window Includes, The decorative film is attached to the door trim bezel and the cover window. The transport device according to claim 17.

19. In the step of preparing a flexible vibrating element that includes a vibrating layer made of piezoelectric material, In the step of preparing a shape-retaining member having a curved surface, The steps of connecting the flexible vibration element to the curved surface portion of the shape-maintaining member via a connecting member, and A step of applying a polarization voltage to the vibration layer, which is maintained in a curved shape corresponding to the curved portion by the shape-maintaining member. A method for manufacturing a vibrating device, including the method described above.

20. The shape-retaining member is body, The curved portion formed in the curved shape on the front surface of the fuselage, A groove formed in a concave shape from the center of the curved portion, excluding the edges of the curved portion, toward the back of the body. Includes, The flexible vibrating element is coupled to the edge of the curved portion by the coupling member. A method for manufacturing a vibrating device according to claim 19.

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