Wood-concrete composite slab having flat wood elements, method for manufacturing the same, and structure having such wood-concrete composite slab

Abstract

The present invention provides a wood-concrete composite slab having flat wood elements that can achieve the required span with little reliance on the relative inherent weight of the slab. [Solution] The slab layer structure includes a wood layer, a barrier layer, and a concrete layer 4. In one embodiment, the layer structure is interrupted by at least one support means 8, which traverses at least the concrete layer 4 and the barrier layer and extends downward to at least the wood layer. The internal support means 8 may also be formed in a variation that protrudes from the composite layer. In a different embodiment, for a high level of sound insulation, the slab includes two barrier materials of different densities within its barrier layer, the density barrier material placed directly on the wood layer, which is intended to act as a vibration damping means. In a different embodiment, the wood panels of the wood-concrete composite slab, which form a flat wood element, are tensioned relative to each other to transmit tension through them.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a wood-concrete composite slab having flat wood elements. Compared to a pure concrete slab, this slab is characterized by being considerably lighter. Compared to conventional wood-concrete composite slabs, the slab according to the present invention offers a lighter and more elongated design. In this regard, span can be achieved with this slab system with little dependence on the relative inherent weight of the slab (i.e., calculated in terms of slab area). The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing such a slab, its use, and a building having one or more such wood-concrete composite slabs.

[0002] Slabs with large spans are highly desirable. Especially in multi-story buildings such as high-rises, they improve space utilization and provide flexibility in the floor slab design. Furthermore, large slab spans require fewer load-bearing walls and columns within the floor, thus creating flexibility in subsequent modifications. Therefore, achieving large slab spans using wood-concrete composite slabs is highly desirable in all cases.

[0003] However, large span dimensions present the same challenge for any slab design. That is, the slab requires sufficient static height to allow the necessary bending stiffness and load-bearing capacity to act upon it. This is reflected in its inherent weight, even in the case of wood-concrete composite slabs. In conventional embodiments with concrete on wood, the inherent weight of the slab increases proportionally with height. This imposes requirements on the vertical support structure and foundation of the building that must support the load. This is a significant challenge, especially in high-rise buildings with many floors. Furthermore, large slab thicknesses can be detrimental to use, as they may result in insufficient slab space for a given height of the building. Therefore, it is desirable to have special wood-concrete composite slabs that can achieve larger spans without the aforementioned drawbacks.

[0004] Wood-concrete composite slabs with wood beams, i.e., linear wood components, are already seen in office and residential buildings, and sometimes even in high-rise buildings. However, wood-concrete composite slab structures have not yet solved all the problems necessary for them to be fully established. Because the aforementioned slabs are used, i.e., wood beams are scattered, they are only sufficient to a limited extent from an architectural standpoint. The relatively modest use of wood simply as an axial grid passing through the slab does not fully realize the ecological potential of wood as a building material. Apart from its properties as a means of CO2 storage, wood has relatively low pollutant emissions during processing and similarly, low energy consumption required for installation. As a result, increasing the size of the wood components in wood-concrete composite slabs has only positive effects on the building's climate impact, which is highly desirable in any case. However, here we face two problems.

[0005] On the one hand, using more wood in a composite slab necessitates restrictive fire safety measures for the design. In embodiments of wood-concrete composite slabs with flat wood elements, it is true that such slabs can satisfy both static and architectural requirements simultaneously, as they can provide an aesthetically pleasing bottom end finished as the lowest composite layer. However, in this case, the support structure is an obstacle, and therefore the flammable flat wood elements cannot be easily exposed to the interior, especially in spaces with large span dimensions. Fire safety requirements tend to become more restrictive as the building has more slabs or as the escape routes become longer, and naturally, the use and the number of occupants in the building also play a role.

[0006] On the other hand, a larger proportion of wood in a wood-concrete composite slab means that it also provides lower sound insulation. As a composite partner that is substantially lighter than concrete, wood can excite vibrations much more easily. Therefore, solid-borne sound can propagate relatively easily within a wood-concrete composite slab with flat wood elements and may be perceived by the building's occupants. This discourages the use of such slabs, particularly in apartments, office buildings, schools, universities, educational facilities such as libraries, and places in general where there is a high demand for sound insulation. In particular, this means that in buildings with separate occupancy units that must be acoustically isolated from different parties using the building, such as apartment and office units, or room units in educational facilities, the slab must be interrupted at the transition points between individual units. This has unfavorable effects on both the statics of the slab and the efficiency of the slab assembly.

[0007] Due to the problems described, conventional wood-concrete composite slabs with large-span flat wood elements cannot be used for three reasons: firstly, due to the proportional increase in inherent weight; secondly, due to fire safety requirements; and thirdly, due to sound propagation. Such slabs cannot ultimately span the building's utility units or apartment units properly, so relatively small-span slab elements are still used, which also impairs construction and assembly efficiency.

[0008] Numerous structures, including those with timber and concrete components, have become known in the conventional art over the past few decades. Some of these design proposals are shown below.

[0009] U.S. Patent No. 2,268 311(A), published in 1941, discloses a slab structure with a concrete support structure. The concrete upper slab, having downwardly projecting ribs with a V-shaped cross-section, is completely enclosed on its underside. The lower, horizontally extending layer, made of plaster coating, can be suspended in the finishing stage as follows: According to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, wooden slats (wooden battens) are suspended on the ribs via the slats, and the ribs form side wings as hangers at the bottom in the longitudinal direction of the ribs. In this case, the ends of the individual wooden slats barely touch each other below the flange. In another modification shown in Figure 7, the slats are pressed along recesses that precisely fit in the longitudinal direction of the ribs via upwardly curved U-shaped brackets fixed to the ribs, and the ends of the brackets are then bent laterally. Plaster base panels can be applied to slats thus fixed. The connection between the concrete support structure and the plaster base slats is achieved only at the locations of the longitudinal support elements on which the slats are suspended.

[0010] Swiss Patent No. 223498, published in 1942, presents a wood-concrete composite structure in which supporting wood components are designed in the form of wood beams. These wood beams have recesses on their upper sides into which concrete can permeate from above and fill them. Shear-resistant surface bonding is achieved by the entanglement of wood and concrete. Fillers—so-called Hourdi blocks—are placed between the wood beams, each supported laterally on the wood beams. Here again, shear connections are achieved only at the locations of the longitudinal supporting elements.

[0011] European Patent Application Publication No. 0 280 228(A1), published in 1988, presents another proposal for a timber-concrete structure. The supporting timber components of the slab structure presented therein are designed in the form of beams extending parallel to each other and spaced apart from one another. These form a lower slab closure. Above this, a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, on which the concrete upper slab rests, is held by formwork. The latter is connected to the timber beams via steel pipes. For this purpose, recesses exist in both the formwork and the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer, resulting in the connecting pipes penetrating downwards into the timber beams. The upper ends of the connecting pipes are cast into the concrete of the upper slab. Thus, shear connections are achieved only at the locations of the longitudinal supporting elements.

[0012] German Patent No. 10 37 687(B), published in 1958, discloses reinforced concrete ribs or reinforced concrete beam slabs. Cast-in-place concrete ribs, formed at the base, are laterally framed by support rails made of wood, metal, or plastic. These support rails function as supports for prefabricated concrete slabs. On the other hand, they interact with a plaster base, i.e., a tubular mesh mat, plate, or lightweight plate, placed beneath them as permanent formwork for the cast-in-place concrete ribs. The support rails are supported on the one hand by a support wall and on the other hand by a timber yoke consisting of columns and transverse beams. This document does not disclose shear connectors that engage with the concrete or the support rails or timber yoke.

[0013] Published in 1973, French Patent No. 2 143 603(A1) discloses a slab structure including a steel beam having an upward-curving T-profile. Hourdi blocks, which constitute the permanent formwork, are positioned on the shoulders of the upward-curving T-beam. The relatively thick intermediate layer of the Hourdi block is made of foamed lightweight material (foamed polyurethane, Styropor, or a material known by the trade name Kegecell), and the top is covered by a higher-density upper layer for insulation and / or soundproofing (e.g., consisting of asbestos cement panels, gypsum board panels, etc.). Below the foamed lightweight material, a layer such as chipboard panels follows. Thus, the insulating and / or soundproofing material of the upper Hourdi layer has a much higher density than the foamed lightweight material of the thick intermediate Hourdi layer placed on top of the chipboard layer. Further layers of the same foamed lightweight material of the thick intermediate Hourdi layer are suspended from these Hourdi blocks or nailed from below to the chipboard panels. This also features a plasterboard layer at the bottom as a visual finishing layer. Again, shear connections with shear connectors protruding into the concrete and wood are not disclosed.

[0014] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 0328019(A1) describes a slab-ceiling panel made of a slab panel and a ceiling panel spaced apart from the slab panel, wherein longitudinal support elements are installed between the slab panel and the ceiling panel in the form of steel profiles having a C-shaped cross-section. The connection between the slab and the ceiling panel is formed solely by these metal longitudinal support elements made of aluminum or steel, which are screwed at the top into a metal partition layer and at the bottom into a slab layer, which is advantageously made of a non-combustible material. In the cavity formed between the slab and the ceiling panel, which also extends through the metal longitudinal support elements, insulating or soundproofing material is positioned away from the lower ceiling layer.

[0015] Finally, a board stacking system is presented in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 179741(A1), published in 2006. Individual board stacking elements are stacked on top of each other and connected with hardwood dowels. For this purpose, holes are drilled in the board stacking elements into which the dowels are inserted. Since the moisture content of the dowels during installation is lower than that of the softwood board stacking elements, moisture equilibrium is established over time. Here, the hardwood dowels expand or swell. Isotropic pressure is generated, and this isotropic pressure is directed radially to the inner wall of the borehole in the board stacking element. The board stacking elements are joined by this alone. Individual hardwood dowels preferably penetrate the entire board stacking material. However, alternatively, a single hardwood dowel can be designed to be shorter. However, the board stacking elements are not pulled relative to each other due to the resulting contact pressure of the dowels. However, the board stack elements can be subjected to tension according to their length, and for this purpose, a recess is provided at the bottom, which forms a channel for inserting cables and other devices when the board stack elements are placed together. Such a board stack timber building system is also suitable for timber-concrete composite slabs, as will be discussed later.

[0016] Canadian Patent No. 2 176 450(A1), published in 1997, presents a timber beam consisting of numerous individual timber components stacked together laterally to a beam. Cables stretched on both sides of the timber beam extend through these timber components. For this purpose, a fixing plate or hollow box is applied to the outermost timber component of the beam, and the cables are ultimately tensioned over it by a hydraulic press. This type of tensioning is suitable when there is space on both sides of the timber beam, for example, in the case of a boom mounted at a distance from its own concrete base.

[0017] With the exception of the last two documents mentioned above, all of the solutions described above disclose longitudinal support elements (wood, concrete, or metal longitudinal support elements) or projections from the concrete of a downwardly formed concrete upper slab. It is evident that the connection between the concrete and the wood penetrates the longitudinal support elements or concrete projections (regardless of whether the wood component of the corresponding structure assumes a supporting function). This results in a substantial weight concentration of the slab precisely at these locations of the connection between the concrete and the wood. Thus, such wood-concrete connections correlate with the total weight of the slab. In general, when wood-concrete connections such as shear connectors are placed in one or more longitudinal support elements and / or channels or concrete projections of concrete-filled wood components, it becomes clear that constructing wood-concrete composite slabs extending over large spans, which have a considerable wood content and therefore require strong connections to the concrete upper slab, is extremely difficult, as initially described in relation to the problem of large slab weight loads.

[0018] Against this backdrop, the object of the present invention is to further develop the energy-efficient buildability of wood in wood-concrete composite slabs for buildings as described earlier. In particular, the slab should allow for large spans with minimal weight increase. Thus, it should be possible to comprehensively cover spans with respect to space and in buildings with separate dwelling, office, or utility units using such units. Due to the properties of the slab, it should also be possible to enclose the interior space with a layer made of wood, a material that is, in principle, combustible, lightweight, and conducts sound well, while meeting fire and / or sound insulation requirements. Thus, as the lower end of the slab, the wood layer is characteristically constructed with respect to the internal structure. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to specify such wood-concrete composite slabs and methods for their efficient industrial production, as well as soundproofing designs for wood-concrete composite slabs using insulating materials for thermal and / or sound insulation. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to specify buildings having one or more such wood-concrete composite slabs.

[0019] The purpose of this section

[0020] ~Achieved by combinations of features according to the present invention, as expressly defined below with reference to Section

[0120] and the claims of Section

[0121] . Backreferences with section numbering should be understood as supplementary. Herein, the following are important to the definition of the present invention: For a device (wood-concrete composite slab, building) defined by a minimum number of features, any combination with some or all other device features is also disclosed as an advantageous embodiment of the device. Similarly, with respect to a method defined using a minimum number of features, any combination with some or all further method features is disclosed as an advantageous embodiment of the method. Similarly, all methods can be used to create or manufacture a device (wood-concrete composite slab, building) having various possible device features, and in each case is disclosed as an advantageous embodiment of the method. Furthermore, use in a device (wood-concrete composite slab, building) having various possible device features can be realized, and is therefore disclosed as an advantageous embodiment of use. [Overview of the project]

[0020] The present invention relates to a wood-concrete composite slab, wherein the support structure comprises concrete components and wood components connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, and the slab comprises a layer structure including, first, a wood layer, which is a planar wood component capable of receiving tensile loads in the composite material of the slab, followed by a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, and finally a concrete layer, wherein shear connectors are installed in the composite slab, with at least one shear connector protruding simultaneously into the wood layer and the concrete layer, thereby penetrating the layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, and the layer structure of the slab is interrupted by at least one longitudinal support element, which extends downward to at least the wood layer, thereby traversing at least the concrete layer and the layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing.

[0021] According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises a combination of features according to section

[0020] , and at least one longitudinal support element projects partially or completely over its length from the composite slab by projecting downward and / or upward from the composite slab.

[0022] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises a combination of features according to one of sections

[0020] or

[0021] , and the downwardly shaped projection of the longitudinal support element over its length is designed as the capital of a column adjacent to the longitudinal support element.

[0023] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0022] , and at least one longitudinal support element comprises a steel profile having at least one lower flange as reinforcement steel and / or reinforcement.

[0024] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0023] , and one or more longitudinal support elements are dimensioned with respect to their number such that their weight is at most 10% of the total weight of the slab.

[0025] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the invention comprises any combination of features according to one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0024] , and for an extension of up to 50% of the span of the composite slab and a total length of the extended span of up to 9 m, the span-dependent weight increase of the slab does not exceed 10% of the slab weight, and the slab thickness varies by only 5 to 10 cm in order to ensure greater flexibility in the slab planning design.

[0026] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab having at least two slab modules and having any combination of features according to one or more of Sections

[0020] to

[0025] . a. Each slab module is formed in a layer structure, so that, from bottom to top, first a wood layer in which shear connectors are fixed therein at its lower end is manufactured, then a layer for heat insulation or / and sound insulation is formed, and finally a concrete layer is applied together with its reinforcement so that the upper end of the shear connector is fixed to the concrete layer. b. The slab modules are placed in their predetermined positions on one or more supports. i. Two slab modules abut against each other, thereby forming an intermediate space defined downward by a contact surface temporarily excluded from material application on at least one wood layer of the slab modules and defined laterally by its layer for heat insulation or / and sound insulation and the concrete layer. Or ii. At least one of the supports is a pre-manufactured support member forming a lower protrusion forming steps on both sides, and in any case, on the steps the slab modules are supported on the support member, and an intermediate space is left above the support member between the concrete layers of the slab modules thus supported. c. The reinforcement of the longitudinal support element is inserted into the intermediate space and connected to the adjacent concrete reinforcement. d. The intermediate space is filled with concrete, and by its curing, the longitudinal support element is completely formed.

[0027] According to an advantageous embodiment, the method includes a combination of features according to Section

[0026] , and for each slab module a0. First, the wood layer is processed by introducing and fixing shear connectors into the wood layer, a formwork surrounds the wood layer for the construction of further layers, and the formwork defines any contact surface on the wood layer. a1. The layer for heat insulation or / and sound insulation is formed on the wood layer within the formwork. a2. Next, reinforcing material for the concrete layer is inserted into the formwork on top of the layer for insulation and / or soundproofing. a3. A concrete layer is poured into the formwork, and after the layer hardens, the formwork is removed, thereby forming the slab module.

[0028] In a further advantageous embodiment, the method includes a combination of features according to one of sections

[0026] or

[0027] , with respect to an elongated support element projecting upward, d0. A concrete formwork that is connected at the top and extends at the top is applied to the intermediate space. d1. The correspondingly defined space is filled with concrete. d2. The concrete formwork is removed again after the concrete has hardened, thereby completely forming the upper longitudinal support element.

[0029] The present invention further relates to a wood-concrete composite slab, the support structure comprising concrete components and wood components connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, wherein the slab comprises a layered structure including, from bottom to top, first a flat wood component, i.e., a wood layer, capable of receiving tensile loads in the composite material of the slab, followed by a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, and finally a concrete layer, wherein shear connectors are installed in the composite slab, and at least one of the shear connectors extends simultaneously into the wood layer and the concrete layer, thereby penetrating the layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, wherein the layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing comprises at least two insulating and / or soundproofing materials of different densities or specific gravities, and the high-density insulating and / or soundproofing material is positioned directly on the wood layer in the slab composite material, capable of receiving tensile loads, or placed directly on it, thereby increasing the inertia of the wood layer and intended to act as a vibration damping means.

[0030] According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises a combination of features according to Section

[0029] , wherein the layer structure of the slab extends over the slab without longitudinal support elements, or at least one longitudinal support element extends across at least the concrete layer and the layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, and thus downward to at least the wood layer.

[0031] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises a combination of features by one of sections

[0029] or

[0030] , wherein an upper layer of low-density insulating and / or sound-insulating material is placed on top of a lower layer of high-density insulating and / or sound-insulating material.

[0032] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0031] , wherein a cavity is formed within the slab such that the low-density insulating material for thermal and / or sound insulation consists of air, and the concrete layer is placed on permanent concrete formwork over the cavity.

[0033] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0032] , wherein air is excluded as a material for a low-density insulating and / or sound-insulating material, or the slab does not contain cavities composed of air.

[0034] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0033] , wherein the density or specific gravity difference of the insulating material for thermal and / or sound insulation is 0.5 to 2 t / m 3 That is the case.

[0035] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0034] , wherein the contact pressure of the insulating material for high-density thermal insulation and / or sound insulation is 1 m 2 The contact pressure of low-density insulating and / or soundproofing materials is 0.7-1.4 kN per meter. 2 The force is 0.1 to 0.4 kN per unit.

[0036] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0035] , wherein the high-density insulating and / or soundproofing material consists of concrete granules made from crushed concrete, or a mixture of crushed concrete and masonry granules, and the low-density insulating and / or soundproofing material consists of lightweight building materials.

[0037] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of at least two insulating and / or soundproofing materials of different densities or specific gravities as soundproofing by vibration damping of the wood layer in a wood-concrete composite slab, by any combination of the features described in one or more sections

[0020] to

[0036] , or to the use of at least two insulating and / or soundproofing materials of different densities or specific gravities in a direction-dependent arrangement or direction-dependent sequence as soundproofing by vibration damping of the wood layer in a wood-concrete composite slab, by any combination of the features described in one or more sections

[0020] to

[0036] .

[0038] In addition, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab having at least two slab modules, by any combination of features from one or more of sections

[0029] to

[0036] , a. Each slab module is formed with its layered structure, thereby manufacturing wood layers from bottom to top, with shear connectors fixed therein at their lower ends. b. Next, a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is formed using at least two insulating and / or soundproofing materials, first introducing a high-density insulating and / or soundproofing material intended to increase the inertia of the wood layer and act as a vibration damping means, and then, for this purpose, a low-density insulating and / or soundproofing material is placed or the cavity is left open. c. Finally, the concrete layer is formed together with its reinforcing material so that the upper end of the shear connector is fixed to the concrete layer, and for connection to at least the second slab module, the reinforcing material protrudes from the concrete layer in its recess, d. A fully constructed slab module is placed at a predetermined position for that purpose on one or more supports, and is connected to at least a second slab module by friction connection of reinforcing members of adjacent concrete layers, after which the recess is poured with concrete.

[0039] According to an advantageous embodiment, the method includes a combination of features according to Section

[0038] , for each slab module, a0. First, the wood layer is processed by introducing and fixing shear connectors into the wood layer, and formwork surrounds the wood layer for the construction of further layers. c0. After forming a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, reinforcing material for the concrete layer is inserted into the formwork on top of the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer. c1. A concrete layer is poured into the formwork, and after it hardens, the formwork is removed, thereby forming the slab module.

[0040] The present invention further relates to a wood-concrete composite slab, the support structure comprising concrete components and wood components shear-resistantly connected thereto, wherein the slab comprises, from bottom to top, first a flat wood component, i.e., a wood layer capable of receiving tensile loads in the composite material of the slab, then a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing and finally a concrete layer, or, if there is no layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, a concrete layer followed or directly followed, wherein the wood layer comprises at least two abutting wood panels, which are tensioned reciprocally against each other, and one wood panel presses perpendicularly against the other wood panel at the dividing surface formed when they abut each other. In each timber panel, tension is applied to one another as described above, the underside is left untouched, and at least one box-shaped space is formed in the timber panel, and at least one recess is formed by material removal such that a recess in the timber panel located on the far side of the dividing surface forms a recessed passage spanning two timber panels, and the timber panels are left untouched in a space extending behind one or the rear box-shaped space in a direction perpendicular to the dividing surface, thus forming rear untouched material for other use, and tension-applying means are introduced into the passage and fixed to each end in at least one box-shaped space, thereby the timber panels are tensioned to one another as a result of the tension-applying means being tightened, relating to a slab.

[0041] According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises a combination of features according to Section

[0040] , wherein the layer structure of the slab extends over the slab without longitudinal support elements, or at least one longitudinal support element extends across at least the concrete layer and the thermal insulation and / or sound insulation layer if a thermal insulation and / or sound insulation layer is present, and consequently extends downward to at least the wood layer.

[0042] According to an advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises a combination of features by section

[0040] or

[0041] , wherein the untouched area is adjacent to one or the rear box-shaped space immediately behind and extends in a direction perpendicular to the dividing surface.

[0043] In a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features of one or more sections

[0040] to

[0042] , wherein the untouched area extends to one end of the wood panel opposite to the end of the wood panel located on the dividing surface, or the area extends to a box-shaped space of the same wood panel arranged to be tensioned together with further wood panels.

[0044] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0043] , wherein the tensioning means abuts against an upstream position of the dividing surface in the wood panel.

[0045] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0044] , wherein the tensioning means does not directly abut the segmented or end faces of the wood panels.

[0046] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0045] , wherein at least one box-shaped space is designed to open towards the top, or to open towards the top and the ends.

[0047] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0046] , wherein at least one box-shaped space for housing the fixed portion of the tensioning means is rectangular.

[0048] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0047] , i. The tensioning means is loosely inserted into the passage and, viewed from the dividing surface, tension is applied by pressing against the untouched material of the wood panel against the spare / remaining / uncontacted front surface, and in the case of a hollow channel passing through it, it is not untouched for this reason alone, or in the case of a hollow channel passing through the wood panel for a tensioning means acting perpendicular to the dividing surface, it is not untouched for this reason alone, so the contacting wood panels are tensioned reciprocally against each other perpendicular to the dividing surface, and / or ii. The tensioning means is fixed to at least one box-shaped space, or to the rear as viewed from the dividing surface, such that at least one end face of the rear untouched material remains free from the fixing means.

[0049] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0048] , wherein a passage spanning two wood panels is removed symmetrically with respect to the dividing surface, thereby enabling the production of identical recesses in the wood panels, and / or allowing tension-applying means to be used independently of the sides, and / or allowing tension-applying means to be used independently of the sides and act perpendicular to the dividing surface.

[0050] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0049] , wherein the tension-applying means components form a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the division plane and / or the tension-applying means components are arranged to act perpendicular to the division plane.

[0051] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0050] , wherein the tensioning means is i. As a screw connection having a screw head fixed at the end, or ii. As a lever-operated tension-applying lock having a tension-applying block fixed to the end and gripped by a tension-applying arm, or iii. A wedge connection realized as such, wherein for the purpose of the wedge connection, a front piece of untouched material (not untouched for this reason alone, in the case of a hollow channel passing through it, or not untouched for this reason alone, in the case of a hollow channel passing through it for a tension-applying means acting perpendicular to the split surface) reaches the split surface on each of the two wood panels, and a tension-applying wedge and a counter wedge in a box-shaped space of the wood panel closer to the split surface are positioned behind the front piece of untouched material, and a threaded rod having a counter wedge and a tension-applying block is fixed in the opposing box-shaped spaces of the wood panel further away, so that when the tension-applying wedge is hammered down, hammered in or tightened, the front piece of untouched material located between it and the tensioned wedge acting as a tension-applying block is subjected to pressure.

[0052] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention comprises any combination of features by one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0051] , wherein the recesses, viewed from the splitting surface, form a rear chamber and a front chamber connected via a hollow channel in the front untouched material, so that the front untouched material is not untouched by the hollow channel alone, or so that the front untouched material is not untouched by the hollow channel alone for tension-applying means acting perpendicular to the splitting surface, the tension-applying means being fixed to each end in the rear chamber by screw heads or tension-applying blocks, in either case the front chamber of the closer wood panel, together with the front chamber of the wood panel located on the farther side of the abutment axis, form a common chamber with an open top, a continuous screw connection is realized via the hollow channel and the common chamber, the screw connection can be tensioned in the common chamber by a fitting comprising a central nut and two threaded pipe portions that can be pulled together by the nut, or by nipples, by rotation of the sleeve in a fixed position.

[0053] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab by any combination of features from one or more of sections

[0040] to

[0052] , wherein the method includes: a. In a wooden panel to be subjected to tension, at least one recess is formed by material removal such that each recess forms at least one box-shaped space. b. Next, the wooden panels are placed in contact with each other, and their recesses form recessed passages that extend across the two wooden panels. c. The tensioning means is introduced into the passageway and, at its end, is fixed in at least one or a rear box-shaped space in each case. d. The tension-applying means applies tension from above.

[0054] According to an advantageous embodiment, the method includes a combination of features according to Section

[0053] , in which the method, i. The tensioning means is loosely inserted into the passage and, when tensile stress is applied to the spare / remaining / untouched forward untouched material, in the case of a hollow channel passing through it, not untouched for this reason alone, or in the case of a hollow channel passing through it, not untouched for this reason alone, or for a tensioning means acting perpendicular to the dividing surface, the tensioning means is subjected to pressure, and as a result the abutting wood panels are subjected to tension reciprocatingly toward each other perpendicular to the dividing surface, and / or ii. The tensioning means is fixed within at least one or a rear box-shaped space such that at least one end face of the rear untouched material remains free from the fixing means.

[0055] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the method includes features by one of sections

[0053] or

[0054] , a. Each recess forms a rear chamber and a front chamber, which are connected via hollow channels in the front untouched material, and the material is not untouched by the hollow channels alone, or the material is not untouched by the hollow channels alone for tension-applying means acting perpendicular to the dividing surface. b. In either case, the front chamber of the nearby wooden panel, together with the front chamber of the wooden panel located on the far side of the contact axis, forms a common chamber with an open top. c. The tension-applying means is fixed at each end within the rear chamber by a screw head or tension-applying block, d. A continuous threaded connection is provided through a hollow channel and a common chamber, and tension is applied to this threaded connection within the common chamber by a fitting including a central nut and two threaded pipe sections that can be pulled together by the nut, or by a nipple, by rotation of the sleeve in a fixed position.

[0056] According to a favorable embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is characterized by one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and the following sections

[0057] ~Includes any combination of one or more of the features presented in

[0111] , that is,

[0057] The wood layer is untouched in its lowest layer, as no material removal or machining has been performed on the wood, or the wood layer is untouched in its lowest layer relative to its thickness, or the wood layer is untouched in its lowest layer relative to its thickness,

[0058] At least one longitudinal support element is reinforced,

[0059] At least one longitudinal support element is made of reinforced concrete,

[0060] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, across a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, connects the lowest supporting layer of the composite to the uppermost supporting layer.

[0061] The timber layer is designed as the lowest supporting layer capable of withstanding tensile loads in the composite slab, and / or the concrete layer is designed as the uppermost supporting layer.

[0062] The shear force generated between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed by the shear connector in at least two different directions, or absorbed in an increased manner in at least two different directions, or absorbed in an increased manner in at least two different directions perpendicular to each other, or the shear force generated between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed by the shear connector in an increased manner in at least 22 different directions, i.e., two directions perpendicular to each other in which the shear connectors form a row, or the shear force generated between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed by the shear connector in an increased manner in two different directions, i.e., two directions perpendicular to each other in which the shear connectors form a row, or the shear force generated between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed by the shear connector in an increased manner, i.e., two directions perpendicular to each other in which the shear connectors form a row,

[0063] The shear force generated between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed in any direction, or the shear force generated between the wood layer and the concrete layer can be absorbed in any direction by the shear connector.

[0064] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, that traverses a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, protrudes simultaneously into the wood layer and the concrete layer, thereby being held in the wood of the wood layer and the concrete of the concrete layer.

[0065] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, that traverses a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing extends beyond a single portion of the wood layer into the concrete layer.

[0066] At least one shear connector or each of the shear connectors traversing the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer, or each shear connector in the composite slab, is installed in the wood layer and concrete layer in a positive locking manner, and therefore without play, so that the shear connector is embedded immutably and indeformably.

[0067] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, that spans a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, is shaped such that it can be installed without altering the shear connector or without altering its shape in order to form a shear-resistant connection between the wood layer and the concrete layer.

[0068] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, that traverses a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is not designed as a stirrup.

[0069] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, that spans a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is not a perforated sheet.

[0070] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, traversing a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, is designed as a tube, as a profile, or as an extruded profile, i.e., as a profile from the extrusion method.

[0071] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, traversing a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, is designed as a pipe with or without a flange, and the pipe has or is formed of pipe portions having a circular or elliptical cross-section, or pipe portions in the form of a polygonal pipe.

[0072] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, traversing a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is designed as a single unit.

[0073] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, traversing a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, has one end protruding into the wood layer and the other end protruding into the concrete layer, and is therefore completely embedded in the wood and concrete.

[0074] At least one shear connector or each of the shear connectors penetrating the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer, or each shear connector in the composite slab, extends outside of at least one longitudinal support element, or is not embedded in at least one longitudinal support element, and / or extends outside of a channel in a concrete-filled timber layer, or is not embedded in a channel in a concrete-filled timber layer, and / or extends outside of a concrete projection from the concrete layer, particularly a lower concrete projection, or is not embedded in a concrete projection from the concrete layer, particularly a lower concrete projection.

[0075] At least one shear connector or each shear connector penetrating a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, or each shear connector in a composite slab, does not form part of a longitudinal support element, is not connected to a longitudinal support element, or is not designed as a longitudinal support element, and / or does not form part of a channel in a concrete-filled timber layer, or is not so absent, or is not so connected, and / or does not form part of a concrete projection from the concrete layer, in particular a downward projection of concrete, or is not so absent, or is not so connected,

[0076] Shear connectors having a weight ratio of at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, or at least 90%, or all shear connectors installed in a slab, extending or installed outside at least one longitudinal support element, and / or outside channels of concrete-filled timber layers, and / or outside concrete projections from the concrete layer, particularly outside downward projections of concrete,

[0077] The wood layer was designed without channels.

[0078] Shear connectors held within the wood and concrete layers are mechanically installed within the composite slab, or the shear connection between the wood and concrete layers is achieved solely by mechanically integrated shear connectors held within the wood and concrete layers, and the shear connection is not achieved via positive connections or surface connections.

[0079] At least one shear connector or each shear connector, or each shear connector in a composite slab, that spans a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is held in place within the wood layer by press-fitting and / or bonding.

[0080] At least one shear connector, the end of which protrudes into the wood layer and the concrete layer, directly penetrates the insulating and / or soundproofing barrier material of the layer for insulation and / or soundproofing, and is therefore enclosed on all sides, and the insulating and / or soundproofing barrier material is not composed of air.

[0081] Each shear connector, which penetrates the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer and whose ends protrude into the wood and concrete layers, directly penetrates the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing barrier material of the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer and is therefore enclosed on all sides, and the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing barrier material is not composed of air.

[0082] The layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is of the same thickness up to and / or away from the shear connectors and any longitudinal support elements that may be present through it.

[0083] The insulating and / or soundproofing material of the insulating and / or soundproofing layer is completely held in place by the wood layer, and therefore does not require a lower formwork.

[0084] When a slab has a uniaxial load-bearing effect, that is, when a slab has uniaxial load transmission, the wood layer can receive tensile load in the direction of load transmission.

[0085] The timber layer can withstand tensile loads across the maximum span of the slab.

[0086] The wood layer can be subjected to tensile loads over or along the entire length of at least one longitudinal support element.

[0087] The timber layer is constructed so that it does not need to rest on one or more longitudinal support elements extending beneath it.

[0088] The timber layer is configured such that it does not need to rest on one or more longitudinal support elements designed as timber beams or timber beams extending beneath the timber layer.

[0089] The lowest layer of the wood layer extends throughout the entire wood layer.

[0090] The wood layer with the lowest section terminates towards the bottom,

[0091] The wood layer, together with its lowest layer, forms a continuous lower end.

[0092] The wood layer includes or is formed to include abutting wood panels.

[0093] The recess is formed by material removal such that, when viewed from above, it forms at least one box-shaped space within the wood panel.

[0094] By applying tension to at least two contacting wooden panels that are tensioned reciprocally against each other, they are not only held in place relative to each other by permanent tension,

[0095] The application of tension to at least two contacting wooden panels that are tensioned reciprocally relative to each other is achieved in each case across the panel regions on both sides of the dividing surface of the two tensioned wooden panels, and the panel regions include only a portion of the length of the wooden panels in the tensioning direction.

[0096] The lowest layer of the wood itself forms a layer with height.

[0097] The wood in the lowest layer of the wood layer has a seamless, continuous design from the position of the dividing surface that extends perpendicular to the direction in which tension is applied to the wood panels, and / or along the dividing surface to the joint.

[0098] The wood layer, beneath it, has not undergone any material removal or machining, and therefore remains untouched.

[0099] The wood layer remains untouched, as there are no engaging parts, cuts, or milled parts on its underside.

[0100] The lower part that defines the wood layer forms the untouched lower end of the slab.

[0101] The wood layer terminates at the bottom as the lower edge of the flat slab.

[0102] The lowest layer has an extended portion or height at the top.

[0103] The extension of the lowest layer portion to the upper part, or the height of the lowest layer portion, is at least 5 mm, or at least 10 mm, or at least 15 mm, or at least 20 mm, or at least 25 mm.

[0104] The wood layer is not composed of wood beams arranged in a row, or the wood layer is not composed of components in the form of individual wood beams, or the wood layer does not contain any components in the form of individual wood beams.

[0105] The wood layer, made from wood materials, is manufactured from cross-laminated boards, laminated veneers, or solid wood.

[0106] The wood layer is not formed from board stacking material.

[0107] The wood layer is not formed from wood chips.

[0108] The slab's layer course is continuous on both sides of at least one longitudinal supporting element.

[0109] At least one longitudinal support element or concrete projection of the concrete layer, particularly a downward projection of the concrete, is adjacent to the wood layer in the same plane.

[0110] Shear connectors are installed within the composite slab, with at least one of the shear connectors simultaneously protruding into the wood layer and the concrete layer, thereby penetrating the layers for insulation and / or soundproofing.

[0111] The wood layer within the slab composite is subjected to tensile loads when the slab is installed.

[0112] In addition, the present invention relates to a building comprising one or more installed wood-concrete composite slabs having any combination of features from one or more of sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and

[0056] to

[0111] .

[0113] An advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a building having a combination of features according to Section

[0112] , which is designed as a residential and / or office building, a government building, an educational facility, an exhibition hall or civic hall, a conference and concert hall, a library, a museum, a storage facility, a shopping center, a hotel, an aquatics center, a sports stadium, a train station, or an airport.

[0114] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a building having a combination of features according to either section

[0112] or

[0113] , which is designed as a high-rise building having a total height starting from 25 m.

[0115] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a building according to one or more sections

[0112] to

[0114] , comprising one or more embedded wood-concrete composite slabs having any combination of features from one or more sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and

[0056] to

[0111] , wherein the slabs are installed in a horizontal position and / or in an inclined position up to 45° or up to 60°.

[0116] An advantageous embodiment of the present invention also relates to a method having any combination of features from one or more of sections

[0026] to

[0028] ,

[0038] to

[0039] , and

[0053] to

[0055] .

[0117] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for creating a wood-concrete composite slab having any combination of features from one or more sections of

[0020] -

[0025] ,

[0029] -

[0036] ,

[0040] -

[0052] , and

[0056] -

[0111] , having any combination of features from one or more sections of

[0026] -

[0028] ,

[0038] -

[0039] , and

[0053] -

[0055] .

[0118] A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for creating a building having any combination of features from one or more sections

[0026] to

[0028] ,

[0038] to

[0039] , and

[0053] to

[0055] , which have any combination of features from one or more sections

[0112] to

[0115] .

[0119] Furthermore, an advantageous embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of a wood-concrete composite slab having any combination of features according to section

[0037] in which features according to one or more of the features according to sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and

[0056] to

[0111] are combined.

[0120] Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention relate to a wood-concrete composite slab having any combination of features described in one or more sections

[0020] to

[0025] ,

[0029] to

[0036] ,

[0040] to

[0052] , and

[0056] to

[0111] , which is incorporated into a building having any combination of features described in one or more sections

[0112] to

[0115] , and having a combination of features described in section

[0037] .

[0121] The object of the present invention is also achieved by a wood-concrete composite slab having the features described in any of claims 1, 6, or 9. Advantageous embodiments of the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention are described in dependent claims 2 to 4. This object is also achieved by a method having the features described in any of claims 5, 8, or 10. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is achieved by the use described in claim 7. This object is also achieved by a building described in claims 11 to 13.

[0122] The wood-concrete composite slabs according to the present invention can be used in a wide variety of applications, not only in residential buildings but also in office buildings and government buildings, especially in schools and educational facilities with open-plan office designs, particularly in large-sized buildings, some of which typically have large slab areas, such as conference facilities, exhibition halls and civic halls, conference and concert halls, libraries, museums, storage facilities, shopping centers, hotels, aquatics centers, sports stadiums, railway stations, and airports. A typical application area for the slabs according to the present invention is in multi-story structures, especially high-rise structures, because apartments and / or office units are generally housed there in different sizes and various layouts, and the slabs provide this flexibility thanks to the span dimensions that can be realized therein. In contrast to conventional slab systems, the wood-concrete composite slabs according to the present invention also bring relief to the supporting structure and foundation of a building, especially in high-rise buildings. Even when high requirements for sound insulation are imposed, the slab design according to the present invention can stand out due to its relatively lightweight design. In this way, it simultaneously meets modern demands for sustainable, low-impact construction and quality of life, and is therefore very suitable for multi-story and high-rise urban construction. The height of a building that is certified as a high-rise building according to applicable standards usually varies between approximately 25 and 50 meters in total height. Hereinafter, a high-rise building will always be understood as a building that starts with a total height of approximately 25 meters. Needless to say, the slab according to the present invention can also be advantageously installed in building structures that are not very complex or have less stringent requirements, and its application area is not exclusive, but generally relates to high-rise buildings.

[0123] The drawings show, based on exemplary embodiments, wood-concrete composite slabs and buildings having one or more such integrated slabs according to the present invention, their features and their manufacture being described in detail in the following description. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0124] The drawing is as follows: [Figure 1a] This is a perspective plan view showing an example of a conventional wood-concrete composite slab having linear timber components and connecting elements extending along them. [Figure 1b] A perspective view showing an example of a conventional wood-concrete composite slab having flat wood elements made of board stack material and connecting elements extending into grooves thereof, shown in partial excavation. [Figure 2a] This shows a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of an embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention, which has longitudinal support elements of reinforced concrete embedded inside the slab. [Figure 2b] The cross-section of the layered structure of an embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention, having longitudinal support elements embedded within the slab, the longitudinal support elements including steel beams. [Figure 3] A cross-sectional view of the layer structure of a further embodiment of the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention, having two layers for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, is shown. [Figure 4a] A longitudinal section of a wooden panel is shown, with a loosely inserted fastener for further tension connection to the wooden panel. [Figure 4b] This shows the longitudinal cross-section of two abutting timber panels before generating a tensile connection between them. [Figure 4c] Figure 4b shows a longitudinal cross-section of the configuration, where the wooden panels are subjected to tension from each other through friction. [Figure 4d] This shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of two abutting wooden panels that are tensioned against each other by loosely inserted tension-applying locks. [Figure 4e] This shows a tension spindle having a threaded rod and a sleeve extending therefrom. [Figure 4f]The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the spare / remaining / untouched front untouched material of a wood panel, viewed from the direction of the contact axis with respect to the dividing surface of the wood panel, with cutouts or milled portions of different shapes for connecting tension-applying means. [Figure 4g] This shows a longitudinal cross-section of two contacting wooden panels that are tensioned against each other by a tension-applying closure screwed into the wooden panels. [Figure 4h] This shows a cross-sectional view of a recess in a wooden panel having a tension-applying block fixed laterally. [Figure 4i] This shows a longitudinal cross-section of two contacting wooden panels that are subjected to tension from each other by wedge tensioning. [Figure 4j] The diagram shows a tension-applying wedge having a U-shaped notch or milled portion, thereby allowing the tension-applying wedge to slide on a threaded rod. [Figure 4k] This shows longitudinal cross-sections of two contacting wooden panels that are tensioned relative to each other in a tension-applied arrangement that is symmetrical along the dividing surface of the wooden panels. [Figure 5a] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5b] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5c] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5d] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5e] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5f] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5g] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5h] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5i] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5j] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5k] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5l] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 5m] The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is shown in chronological order. [Figure 6] This illustrates a schematic support structure concept for a timber-concrete composite slab according to the present invention, based on an exemplary slab plan having advantageously positioned internal longitudinal support elements. [Figure 7] This is a cross-sectional view of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention, equipped with internal longitudinal support elements, showing columns adjacent to the slab at the top and bottom and extending behind the drawing plane. [Figure 8] This is a cross-sectional view of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention, equipped with longitudinal support elements, the longitudinal support elements being embedded inside the slab and protruding upward, the protruding portion being integrated with the hollow slab, and the columns being adjacent to the slab at the top and bottom and extending behind the plane of the drawing. [Figure 9] This is a cross-sectional view of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention, equipped with longitudinal support elements, which are embedded within the slab, protruding from the bottom, adjacent to the slab at the top and bottom, and showing columns extending behind the plane of the drawing. [Figure 10a] A similar cross-section is shown in Figure 9, where the projections of the internal longitudinal support elements are designed as arms of the capital, which extend perpendicularly to the sheet plane from the lower column to both sides, and the downward slope toward the column is indicated by an auxiliary dashed line on the side visible here. [Figure 10b]Figure 10a shows a cross-section of the support structure along cutting line AA, and a diagram of the capital extending behind the drawing plane according to its length, as seen in Figure 10a, the corresponding related portion of the longitudinal support element connecting at the top is covered by a layered composite of slabs extending into the sheet plane, the slabs include two further internally guided longitudinal support elements extending perpendicular to the sheet plane away from the upper column on both sides, one of which longitudinal support elements is visible in the cross-section. [Figure 11] The present invention shows a slab plan of a building having at least one, typically multiple, built-in timber-concrete composite slabs. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0125] For the purposes of this disclosure, several terms are defined below. • Wood-concrete composite slab: A slab whose supporting structure includes concrete components (concrete elements) and wood components (wood elements) that are shear-resistantly connected to them. • Shear connection in wood-concrete composite slabs: A shear-resistant connection that provides sufficient resistance to shear from wood support elements to concrete support elements. • Layer: A uniform mass (i.e., a mass that is not permeated by other types of masses or is affected by material changes occurring through the expansion of the layer) that, in a planar expansion, lies within a specific height above, below, or between other things and therefore has a height along the planar expansion. • Wood layer in wood-concrete composite slab: In contrast to sawn timber, this refers to a layer of wood extending in a planar orientation within the composite slab / flat wood elements / wood. • Support elements: These are distinguished by their shape, as well as by the type of load transfer in bar-type and surface support structures, or columns, beams, or brackets (bar-type support structures), and sheets, panels, and shells (surface support structures). • Rod: A one-dimensional, i.e., linear element is a rod in which the cross-sectional dimensions of width (b) and height (h) are small compared to the length (l). In general, the following boundary ranges apply: l≧2b and l≧2h. • Column: Primarily a rod with a load attached to its axis. • Beam: A rod on which stress is applied primarily perpendicular to its axis, i.e., by bending. • Longitudinal support elements of a slab: beams that accept slab loads and redirect them to other components. • Support layer: A component designed as a layer of support structure.

[0126] First, a cutout of a conventional timber-concrete composite slab with linear timber components is described and explained with reference to Figure 1a. In the illustrated example, starting from the bottom and moving upward, there are first timber beams 5 visibly projecting into the interior of the building and spaced apart from one another, then permanent concrete formwork 2, and finally a concrete layer 4. Numerous timber-concrete connecting elements 6 are arranged regularly at oblique angles along the timber beams 5, in the form of screws 6 intersecting in pairs and penetrating the composite. The formwork 2 simultaneously marks the dividing surface between the timber support structure and the concrete layer 4 formed above it, into which the tops of the screws 6 are cast, creating shear-resistant connections to the timber beams 5. Minimal reinforcing material (not visible in Figure 1a) is poured into the concrete layer 4 to absorb tensile stress and minimize cracking in the concrete. The timber beams 5 are subjected mainly to tensile stress, while the concrete in the concrete layer 4 is subjected mainly to compression.

[0127] Figure 1b shows an alternative embodiment of a conventional timber-concrete composite slab, namely a cutout of a flat timber-concrete composite slab. The timber support structure is designed as a flat timber element or timber layer 1 and is most often made from timber material such as orthogonal laminated timber, glued laminated timber, veneer laminated timber, or solid wood. In the example shown here, the timber layer 1 is formed from board layers, which are arranged vertically one after the other and stacked edge-wise on top of each other, also forming board stack elements. To join these elements without adhesive, kiln-dried hardwood dowels are placed within the elements perpendicular to the surface of the elements, and precision-fitting boreholes are introduced into each adjacent element. After the outer-dried dowels are inserted into the boreholes of each adjacent board stack element, the timber dowels are enriched with moisture, causing them to expand and thus compress within the boreholes. Grooves or channels 7 are formed in the timber layer 1 thus spaced apart from each other. Here, connecting elements 6 in the form of dowels or screws are introduced therein as shear connectors perpendicular to the slab surface. After the concrete layer 4 is formed, the concrete-filled channel 7, together with its connecting element 6, acts as a shear joint. Furthermore, in this embodiment of the wood-concrete composite slab, minimal reinforcing material is inserted into the concrete layer 4 to absorb tensile stress and avoid cracking. Such conventional flat wood-concrete composite slabs can be adequately implemented in single-family homes or other buildings with small slab spans and low protection specifications. The larger the slab structure and the higher the protection specifications of the building, the less valuable they become to use.

[0128] To make conventional timber-concrete composite slabs more suitable for use in multi-unit buildings, high-rise buildings, or other large buildings, greater requirements are set for their load-bearing capacity, especially when large / long spans are realized. As explained earlier, the design thickness of the slab, i.e., the height of the slab, must be more pronounced so that the slab becomes more flexurally rigid. In the case of conventional slab structures as shown in Figure 1b, this means that the load-bearing composite layer must be designed to be higher or thicker, which makes the slab more rigid and heavier. In the cost allocation by slab composite partners (including timber, concrete, shear bonding, and secondary processing), only about 60%, or even more with respect to the proportion of timber, can be omitted when raw material prices are high. A thicker timber layer 1 makes the slab substantially more expensive. Instead, if mainly the concrete layer 4 is made thicker, or if only the concrete layer 4 is made thicker, the timber partner, as a relatively thin layer, can no longer actually contribute to the intended composite. The concrete-timber ratio in the composite deteriorates. Next, the useful value of the relatively expensive wood layer 1 within the slab is questioned, and considering the amount of concrete required, it could be made entirely of concrete. However, if a classic concrete slab is installed, removing wood layer 1 would significantly increase its inherent weight. For comparison, reinforced concrete has a weight of approximately 2.5 t / m². 3 Although it has a density of , the density of wood and wood materials is therefore 1 / 3 to 1 / 10 (for example, spruce: 0.35 t / m³). 3). As a result, it was found that increasing or extending the span of a slab can only be achieved by using substantially more material, which is important overall, especially when the amount of concrete used is large. In the case of a proportional increase in the composite layer of a flat timber-concrete composite slab, a 50% extension of the span, for example, from 6m to 9m, is accompanied by an increase in the weight of the slab, which is about 50% to 70%, depending on the span. In the embodiments of the timber-concrete composite slab according to the present invention described below, a 50% extension of the span, for example, from 6m to 9m, can be achieved with a weight increase of less than 10%, depending on the span. The slab thickness changes by only about 5 to 10 cm. Typically, the span-dependent weight increase for a 1.5-fold increase in slab span from about 6m to 9m is only about 5 to 7% of the slab weight with a variation of about 5 to 7 cm in slab thickness. This allows for flexibility in slab planning and design that was previously unknown for timber-concrete composite slabs.

[0129] Figure 2a shows a cross-section of the layer structure of an embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention having flat wood elements. In this embodiment, it has, as a special feature, linear longitudinal support elements enclosed within the spatial extent of the slab and therefore referred to hereafter as “internal longitudinal support elements”. In this case, it penetrates at least the concrete layer 4 and the layer 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, and thus interrupts the layer structure 3, 4 of the slab such that the composite layers 3, 4 are spatially adjacent to each lateral flank 16 of its longitudinal support element 8, i.e., adjacent to it on both sides extending its length perpendicular to the sheet plane in Figure 2a. In this embodiment, the height H of the internal longitudinal support element 8 made of reinforced concrete is 280 mm and its width W is 600 mm. These dimensions of the longitudinal support element 8 should be understood here as merely illustrative dimensions. These are selected according to the specific requirements of the building, but typically the width of the longitudinal support element 8 is in the range of 300mm to 700mm, and its height is in the range of 150mm to 350mm. The longitudinal support element 8 is coplanar adjacent to the concrete layer 4 and extends downward to the flat timber elements, i.e., the timber layer 1. In variations of the internal longitudinal support element 8 protruding from the slab, its height is usually 400 to 700mm, as will be described later. Depending on the requirements, the longitudinal support elements 8 in the slab are combined with those of different dimensions, or with and without protrusions. As described above, the internal longitudinal support element 8 presented here extends downward to the timber layer 1 and is frictionally connected to the timber layer 1. In this case, connecting elements 6 in the form of timber structural screws are introduced into the timber layer 1. These are screwed in perpendicularly to the timber layer 1 here and are therefore positioned within the longitudinal support element 8 to save as much space as possible. Therefore, they can also be screwed in at an angle. The upper part of the connecting element or wood structural screw 6 protruding from the wood layer 1 is cast into the concrete of the internal longitudinal support element 8, thereby forming a close connection between the concrete of the longitudinal support element 8 and the wood layer 1.Other wood-concrete joining means 6, such as metal plugs or composite dowels, can be manually and mechanically introduced or bonded, or the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can be planarly bonded to the wood layer 1. The internal longitudinal support elements 8, frictionally connected to the wood sub-slab 1, act as a coating, so to speak.

[0130] The use of wood-based materials, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), and especially laminated veneer lumber (LVL), has proven advantageous for the wood layer 1. Compared to laminates with parallel fiber arrangements, laminates with laterally arranged portions essentially increase the directional independence of the laminate, and consequently increase the overall rigidity and strength of the laminate. Sometimes this allows for elongated designs of the wood layer 1. Glass or carbon fiber reinforced variants of such cross-laminated wood-based materials are also suitable for the flexurally rigid wood layer 1. Preferably, beech LVL, called "Baubuch" in German terminology, is used. Thanks to its very high strength and rigidity, Baubuch can be processed into substantially thinner components compared to softwood materials. In a typical embodiment of the slab, the wood layer 1 forms a thickness of 60 mm, thus forming a sub-slab that is about half the thickness of a comparable flat wood-concrete composite slab according to the prior art.

[0131] Layer 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is housed in the intermediate space between the wood layer 1 and the concrete layer 4. In an advantageous variant of the present invention, layer 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is designed with multiple layers made of insulating and / or soundproofing materials of different densities or specific gravities, with the layer of highest density located below the wood layer 1. This will be discussed later. The gap between the upper concrete slab and the wood sub-slab 1 results in a static height that provides high bending stiffness. In this embodiment, the height of this gap or intermediate space is 170 mm, while in other embodiments of the slab, it is typically designed to be 100-250 mm, preferably 120-190 mm. Between the wood layer 1 and the concrete layer 4, shear connectors 9 in the form of steel pipes are vertically installed in this embodiment. The load-bearing concrete layer 1 and the wood layer 4 are shear-resistant to each other by the grid of these steel pipe joints. Four-channel or multi-channel pipes or rolled profiles can also be used for this purpose, as long as they absorb shear forces as reliable spacers or effectively prevent shear motion between composite layers 1 and 4. Depending on the slab design, the dimensions of the shear connectors 9 described above are typically 200mm to 350mm in length / height and 50mm to 150mm in diameter or diagonal. The shear connectors 9 protrude into the concrete layer 4 at their tops, and the shear connectors 9 are concrete-cast within the concrete layer 4. They protrude into the wood layer 1 at their bottoms. For this purpose, each shear connector 9 is directly inserted, bonded, or embedded in a recess 30 of the wood layer 1. Alternatively, they can be inserted indirectly, for example, by welding them to a steel holder, which is then bonded or embedded in the recess 30 of the wood layer 1. In an environmentally friendly modification that does not use mortar or adhesives, a female thread is milled into the wood layer 1 for each steel pipe 9 used to screw in a steel pipe 9 having male threads on the end side. Depending on the slab span and its payload, typically 1 m 2 Between three and six steel pipes are installed in a distributed manner to accommodate shear flow.

[0132] Towards the top, the slab terminates over the reinforced concrete upper slab of concrete layer 4 and the internal longitudinal support elements 8. The reinforcing members 15 of concrete layer 4 extend into the area of ​​the internal longitudinal support elements 8 via bell butt joints 14 through connecting reinforcing members 12. Here, bending reinforcing rods are used for the connecting reinforcing members 12. Tensile reinforcing members 10 and pressure reinforcing members 11, as well as stirrup reinforcing members 13, in the internal longitudinal support elements 8 as typical longitudinal support element reinforcing members 42 are also schematically shown. A screed / sub-slab 23, with an impact sound insulator 22 laid beneath it, typically covers the concrete upper slab. Optionally, a slab cover follows the screed 23. Slabs constructed in this manner, including the slab cover above them, can be realized with a total thickness of 350 mm to 450 mm. In this way, it has a narrower / thinner design than conventional flat wood-concrete composite slabs of the same load-bearing capacity, which must be designed so that both the concrete layer and the wood layer are substantially stronger / thicker. In the case of multi-story structures, especially high-rise structures, this has a decisive impact on the use of the building. For example, at a given building height of 80 meters, the slab according to the present invention can easily achieve one to two more floors than conventional wood-concrete composite slabs.

[0133] Figure 2b shows a cross-section of a layered structure of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention having an alternative embodiment of the internal longitudinal support element 8. In this case, the longitudinal support element is designed with a steel beam 20 having a modified H-shaped cross-section, extending along its length on both sides perpendicular to the sheet plane in Figure 2b. The upper flange 21a of the profile 20 has a deliberately shorter wing compared to the lower flange 21b, so that wood structural screws 6 can be screwed into the wood layer 1 in site during the assembly of the longitudinal support element 8, and access for this purpose is open. Other contour shapes, such as inverted T-beams, L-beams, etc., are also possible, and these can be supported on the wood layer 1 by the flange 21b and screwed or bonded thereto. However, higher rigidity can be achieved with the additional upper flange 21a. In the case of bonded steel beams 20, cross-axis symmetric shapes such as symmetric H-profiles can also be installed. In the illustrated embodiment, the internal longitudinal support element 8 includes, as reinforcing material, conventional reinforcing steel, shown in Figure 2b together with connecting reinforcing material 12, and, on the other hand, a steel profile beam 20. The space around the steel beam 20 is filled with insulating material for thermal and / or sound insulation. The upper part of the internal longitudinal support element 8 with connecting reinforcing material 12 is cast in place with concrete, resulting in the formation of a continuous concrete upper slab. Clearly, in this embodiment, the internal longitudinal support element 8 also adjoins the concrete layer 4 and the thermal and / or sound insulation layer 3 of the slab at each lateral flank 16, lateral steel profile surface, and lateral concrete surface, and thus interrupts its layered structures 3, 4. The above description applies to preferred dimensions of the width W and height H of this longitudinal support element 8. Of course, the combination of internal reinforcing concrete and the longitudinal support element 8 of the steel profile can also be incorporated into the layered composite of the slab.

[0134] The concept of longitudinal support elements 8 embedded within the slab, interrupting its layered structure, provides spatially optimized and highly efficient bending reinforcement. Under the best possible use of the intermediate space, which statically increases the slab, the slab is bend-stiffened with minimal weight input. While the insulating and / or soundproofing materials that load the intermediate space are relatively lightweight, one or more internal longitudinal support elements 8 are used where necessary, at locations where the reinforcement acts most effectively. The internal longitudinal support elements 8 extend through the slab as highly effective "reinforcement ribs," so to speak, regardless of the spatial structural peculiarities that would have to be considered for the arrangement of conventional longitudinal support elements. Thanks to this highly targeted reinforcement, the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the slab can be decisively increased with relatively little use of steel and concrete. The weight percentage of the optimized wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention allocated to the internal longitudinal support elements 8 is only about 10% or less of the slab weight. The weight reduction compared to a comparable concrete slab is approximately 30% with the slab according to the present invention, which is considerable. A 50% extension of the span of the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention to a total length of 9m can be easily achieved even if the increase in slab weight is 10% or less, or 5-7%.

[0135] This slab structure allows for larger span dimensions with relatively substantially lower inherent weight compared to conventional flat wood-concrete composite slabs, thus opening up the possibility of conceptualizing slabs with expanded area coverage up to the inter-story range. Specifically, in such a slab design, it is possible to eliminate load-bearing components that extend through spaces (mainly load-bearing walls) that permanently fix the geometric shape of the slab design. Therefore, the slab system according to the present invention offers great potential for reuse for buildings, taking into account increasingly rapidly changing usage needs. Apart from economic efficiency, if it can be used in many ways over time without extensive modifications, this has a very positive effect on the sustainability balance of the building.

[0136] Needless to say, the advantages offered by this slab system are becoming even more important in large buildings. However, there is another reason, apart from static issues, to install wood-concrete composite slabs spanning such units with flat wood elements, particularly in large buildings with different building sections and / or numerous separate use units, typically for residential or office purposes. This is for soundproofing protection, which is a high requirement for the non-industrial use of the building. As a rule, the higher the standards of an apartment, the higher the soundproofing requirements.

[0137] As a result, lightweight components are superior to heavier components in exciting vibrations and transmitting sound. A flat wood-concrete composite slab with a lightweight wood layer 1 exposed to the interior propagates sound well and therefore has a difficult starting position. Therefore, in conventional wood-concrete composite slabs, the concrete layer 4 is often made thicker than actually required statically. With respect to the slab according to the present invention, sound insulation presents an even greater challenge, because the slab can achieve the same static purpose with an even lower weight, and the relatively lightweight wood layer 1 is still at a distance from the concrete layer 4 and therefore can vibrate to some extent independently.

[0138] In one embodiment of the slab according to the present invention, this problem is addressed by filling the intermediate layer 3 with at least two layers, i.e., multiple layers, having different insulating and / or soundproofing materials. For this purpose, the insulating and / or soundproofing layer 3 has a lower layer 3a having a relatively heavy or high-density insulating and / or soundproofing material. In this way, additional mass can be concentrated on and above the wood layer 1 to load the wood layer 1 and thus make it less responsive to vibration. The remaining space of the intermediate layer is filled with a lightweight or low-density insulating and / or soundproofing material. The ratio of these insulating and / or soundproofing materials can be made to conform to the respective soundproofing regulations and thus can also meet very high requirements, such as those typical in high-end residential building standards and single-family homes. In this way, a slab that is comprehensive and usable for various categories of space and use can be achieved, whereas conventional wood-concrete composite slabs must penetrate partition walls of apartment or office units, or other separate units of other uses or building components, in order to suppress sound transmission.

[0139] Therefore, in a preferred modification of the slab according to the present invention, a relatively dense or heavy insulating and / or soundproofing material is provided to cooperate with a less dense or lighter insulating and / or soundproofing material. For this purpose, the wood layer 1, separated from the concrete upper slab by an intermediate space, is particularly tasked with reducing the slab's susceptibility to vibration.

[0140] Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention in cross-section of its layer structure. Starting from the bottom, the wood layer 1 is seen first, followed by a layer 3a for insulation and / or soundproofing made of a relatively dense / heavy insulating and / or soundproofing material, which is placed directly on top of it. This allows the load to be concentrated on the wood layer 1. In a preferred embodiment, the insulating and / or soundproofing material of such density or specific gravity is selected for the lower insulating and / or soundproofing layer 3a, occupying at most half of the intermediate space, advantageously less than half of the intermediate space, for example, only a small amount, as can be seen here in Figure 3, particularly for the load of the slab or wood layer related to sound. A layer 3b for insulation and / or soundproofing made of a low-density or lightweight insulating and / or soundproofing material follows the lower insulating and / or soundproofing layer 3a, and is finally covered by a concrete layer 4. In the case of three or more layers, the load is mainly placed on the wood layer 1, so they are arranged so that the weight decreases from bottom to top. In the case of three or more layers, the density or specific gravity of the insulating and / or soundproofing materials increases in the direction of the wood layer 1. This is intended to bring the target load of the wood layer 1 to a sufficient vibration resistance. In this way, higher soundproofing requirements can ultimately be met with a relatively lighter total slab weight than in the case of undistinguished weight input in the intermediate space.

[0141] Bulk materials are very suitable as insulating and / or soundproofing materials. For example, concrete granules made from crushed concrete, or mixed granules of crushed concrete and masonry, are recommended for the bottom layer 3a. Such granules can be manufactured 100% from recycled building materials and are therefore called recycled concrete granules or recycled mixed granules. Fillers or lean concrete (preferably made from granules) are also considered as insulating and / or soundproofing materials for the soundproofing load specific to the wood layer 1. For the insulating and / or soundproofing material of the upper insulating and / or soundproofing layer 3b, lightweight building materials in the form of bulk materials, such as foamed glass gravel manufactured from pure waste glass, have proven suitable. Such insulating and / or soundproofing materials are very preferred because recycled building materials have at best a negligible impact on the building environment.

[0142] Furthermore, air can be conveniently used as the generally lightest insulating and / or soundproofing barrier material for the uppermost layer 3a of the at least two layers of insulating and / or soundproofing layers 3. The concrete layer 4 resting on the thus formed cavity 3b must then be supported at the bottom on the permanent concrete formwork 2.

[0143] Advantageously, the insulating and / or soundproofing material of at least two layers of insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3 has very different material densities. This fills the wood layer 1 so that it is more concentrated and therefore more targeted, while the remaining intermediate space is not particularly important. A relatively heavy insulating and / or soundproofing layer made from recycled concrete granules is applied to the top of the wood [density: approximately 1.3-2.0 t / m³]. 3 ] and above this, a remarkably lightweight layer made of foamed glass gravel for insulation and / or soundproofing [Density: approximately 0.2~0.3 t / m 3When [the above] is selected, the slab according to the present invention significantly saves the specific weight per unit slab area while satisfying the sound insulation requirements. The density or specific gravity difference between the two selected insulating or / and sound insulating barrier materials is preferably about 0.5 to 2 t / m 3 ³. Next, the layers 3a, 3b of the barrier for insulation or / and sound insulation are introduced into the intermediate space 3 in the corresponding space ratio, and the heavier layer 3a is at the bottom. There is a contact pressure of about 0.7 to 1.4 kN of the heavy insulating or / and sound insulating barrier material per 1 m 2 ² of the slab area, and when there is a contact pressure of about 0.1 to 0.4 kN of the light insulating or / and sound insulating barrier material per 1 m 2 ² of the slab area, very good values for the acoustic separation of the space unit and the floor are obtained. Depending on the specific situation, a contact pressure of about 0.9 kN per 1 m 2 ² of the slab area of the heavy insulating or / and sound insulating barrier material, and a contact pressure of about 0.25 kN per 1 m 2 ² of the slab area of the light insulating or / and sound insulating barrier material provide a good slab weight / acoustic ratio. In any case, the space filled by the multi-layered layer 3 for insulation or / and sound insulation affects the weight balance of the slab, and the slab still meets the challenge of increasing the span with a minimal weight increase, thereby achieving a high sound insulation value. Due to its load specialized for sound insulation, it can individually meet the respective specifications for the sound insulation mass.

[0144] As shown in Figure 3, one or more impact sound isolation panels 22, sub-slabs 23, and slab coverings, where applicable, typically follow on top in the final stage on the concrete upper slab. The cutouts shown here do not have internal longitudinal support elements 8. Not to mention, as shown in Figures 2a and 2b above, one or more such longitudinal support elements 8 can similarly be housed in the raised portion adjacent to the insulation and / or soundproofing barrier. The insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3 is then advantageously structurally interrupted only by one or more arbitrary internal longitudinal support elements 8, except for interruptions related to connections within the insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3, as will be discussed later. This type of slab load with multiple layers of insulation and / or soundproofing layers 3a, 3b is used when acoustic isolation provides it. In any case, the slab according to the present invention can also be addressed in an acoustically optimized variant having at least two layers of insulation and / or soundproofing layers 3 without the internal longitudinal support element configuration. In this case, the layers 3a and 3b for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing extend across the entire span dimension of the composite slab without being interrupted by the supporting structure. Such embodiments of the slab according to the present invention can be used when sufficient bending stiffness of the slab is ensured solely by the spacing of the wood layers 1 from the shear-resistant fixed concrete layer 4. The manufacture of such a slab having at least two layers 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing will be described later.

[0145] A further key to increasing the rigidity and load-bearing capacity of a timber-concrete composite slab lies in the connection of the timber panels, which are assembled to form a flat timber element 1. While the concrete upper slab, along with its reinforcing members 15, is always designed for biaxial support, the timber layer 1, at least according to the prior art, supports the slab in only one direction as a whole. Indeed, the timber-based material used in timber-concrete composite slabs is usually laminated laterally. Therefore, a timber panel made of timber material laminated to such dimensions can support loads on two axes. However, in practice, a timber layer 1 of a slab with a typical span cannot usually be manufactured as a single, continuously veneered panel. Rather, this timber layer 1 is composed of multiple timber panels, and each slab element, for simplification, consists of a single veneer timber panel and a concrete upper slab 4 or composite layer 3, 4 placed on top of it. However, tensile connections of the individual timber panels are required so that a large-area timber layer 1 formed by multiple continuous slab element timber panels can continuously withstand loads on two axes. Therefore, in one embodiment, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention provides tight tension between wood panels supporting a load on two axes. Overall, the very high load-bearing capacity of the slab can be achieved without additional weight, especially since the weight of the connecting elements or tensioning means can be ignored.

[0146] In a preferred embodiment of the wood-concrete composite slab, the latter includes at least two abutting wood panels, which are tensioned against each other by tensile force using the connection system presented below. For this purpose, at least one recess 24 is in each case, firstly, forming at least one box-shaped space for accommodating tension-applying means 26a, 26b, 26c, and secondly, these recesses 24 are cut or milled into the wood panel, leaving the underside of the wood panel intact, so that they form a continuous recess 25 or a passage traversing the wood panel at the abutment position of the panel. Behind the rearmost box-shaped space 24, the wood panel is in each case untouched, i.e., not drilled, screwed, etc. for this purpose, forming a rear untouched material 29 that can be used in other ways therein. This creates a favorable spatial condition within the wood layer 1. It is found to be advantageous that the wood layer 1 can be used as comprehensively as possible in its untouched state for this purpose, whether it is a steel pipe, adhesive, or other wood-concrete connecting element 6 introduced into the groove or channel 7 of the wood layer 1, mainly during the installation of the shear connection means 6. The untouched end face 28b of the rear of the wood panel can be left free, for example by adhesive, in the case of fixing for the tension-applying means 26a, 26b, 26c. The tension-applying means 26a, 26b, 26c of the connection system are inserted into and installed in the passages formed by the recesses 24 of the abutment layer. In any case, the tension-applying means 26a, 26b, 26c are fixed at the ends in the box-shaped spaces 24, 24a at the rear of the wood panel, so that when the tension-applying means 26a, 26b, 26c are subjected to tensile stress, the wood panels fixed thereto are pulled together and thus tension is applied together. In this way, tensile forces can be effectively transmitted through the joint formed from at least two wood panels pressed together. This provides the biaxial load-bearing capacity of the wood panels connected to a continuous, flat wood element 1. Multiple such recesses 24 are typically arranged at regular intervals along the contact axis of the wood panels.

[0147] The wooden panels advantageously have recesses 24 of the same dimensions and arrangement. Subsequently, wooden panels having the same recesses 24 in the same position can be pre-fabricated, and as a result, when the connection is formed, attention generally does not need to be paid to a particular side. Thus, each pre-fabricated wooden panel can be positioned on the near or far side of the abutment axis. The recesses 24 can also be formed from a plurality of small box-shaped spaces 24a, 24c and their continuous connection 24b, as will be described later. In a preferred modification of the connection system, the tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c only need to be loosely inserted into the recesses 24. For tensioning, the tensioning means 26a, 26b, 26c do not need to be screwed, doweled, glued, or otherwise fixed to the wooden panel by engagement with the wood. Rather, the wooden panel can be left untouched except for the recesses 24 required for tensioning. Thus, this modification is particularly easy to implement quickly and is especially easy to install. If a problem occurs when installing the tension-applying means 26a, 26b, and 26c, the wood will not be irreversibly damaged. In a further preferred embodiment, the components 26a, 26b, and 26c of the tension-applying means are joined to each other to form a symmetrical arrangement, which further simplifies the connection system.

[0148] However, it is not important how the positive lock of the timber panels in the abutment layer is formed in detail. In a tongue-and-groove design, the end face of one timber panel is advantageously provided with a tongue that tapers from acute to obtuse, and the end face of the other timber panel is provided with a groove that narrows in depth accordingly, so that the timber panels can be pressed well against each other and then aligned with each other in a manner that fits precisely. Alternatively, the end faces of the timber panels to be subjected to tension can be designed flat and joined to each other to form a butt joint. All embodiments of the connection systems presented herein can be achieved on timber-concrete composite slabs having flat timber elements 1 with or without a layer 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, and therefore on timber-concrete composite slabs of the prior art as well.

[0149] A specific embodiment having a symmetrical tension adjustment device will be described based on the longitudinal cross-section of the wooden panel shown in Figures 4a and 4c. First, a single wooden panel with already inserted fasteners is shown in Figure 4a. The wooden panel has a special recess 24, which consists of rear and front box-shaped spaces or chambers 24a, 24c and a hollow channel 24b connecting these chambers 24a, 24c. Behind the rearmost chamber 24a, the wooden panel is untouched and is called the rear untouched material 29, and the hollow channel 24b extends into the front untouched material 27, which is untouched except for this hollow channel 24b. Both chambers 24a, 24c open upward, and the front chamber 24c additionally opens at the end face. In this way, the fasteners can be easily installed. A screw head 26a is loosely inserted into the rear chamber 24a and screwed into a threaded rod 26b guided into the rear chamber 24a through the hollow channel 24b. Due to these dimensions, the screw head 26a does not fit into the hollow channel 24b. Therefore, it can be moved at most to the rear end face 28a of the untouched material 27 in front, to abut against it, and thereby act as a tension-applying block 26a.

[0150] In Figure 4b, two such wooden panels are pressed together in a positive locking manner, as indicated by the dashed separation line. The contact axis extends in the sheet plane. The front chamber 24c is open at the end face, so that it forms a common chamber 25 that opens upward at the contact position. Finally, all chambers 24a, 24c are connected by this common chamber 25, either spanning the panels or continuously. The tensioning means (sleeve 26c in the illustrated example) is loosely inserted into the common chamber 25. The screw head 26a has play in the rear chamber 24a so that the screw head 26a can be pushed sufficiently backward so that space is formed in front of the common chamber 25 for screwing the threaded rod 26b, which emerges from the hollow channel 24b, into the sleeve 26c. The threads of the two threaded rods 26b are opposite by design. Thus, the sleeve 26c into which the screw is inserted has a counterclockwise female thread on one side and a clockwise female thread on the other. Next, as the sleeve 26c is rotated in a fixed position, it pulls the threaded rod 26b evenly on both sides until the screw head 26a contacts the rear end surface 28a of the untouched material 27 in the rear chamber 24a.

[0151] Further rotation of the sleeve 26c in a fixed position achieves strong tension in the two wood panels, as shown in Figure 4c. Each screw head 26a is pressed against the rear end face 28a of the untouched material 27 in front, and thus acts as a tension-applying block. This tension-applying system 26a, 26b, 26c can obviously be used in a manner independent of the sides. Advantageously, the threaded rod 26b, together with the screw head 26a, can be installed at the factory as shown in Figure 4a, and then simply pulled together with the sleeve 26c at the construction site. Instead of the sleeve 26c having two opposing threads, a fitting can be used that includes a central nut and two threaded pipe sections that can be pulled together by the nut, and the threaded rod has the same thread rotation direction for this purpose. A mechanically symmetrical connection system also works by sleeve nipple connection. Instead of sleeve 26c, this is a nipple with opposing threads that rotates within a common chamber 25 to apply tension in a stationary position and thus pull together two sleeves having corresponding female threads instead of threaded rod 26b. All variations of these threaded connections, together with their components 26a, 26b, and 26c, form a symmetrical design with respect to the dividing surface of the wood panel (for this purpose, the direction of rotation of the threads is not considered). In this case, the tensioning means does not need to be fixedly connected or fixed to the wood panel, for example, by screwing, doweling, or gluing of the fixing means 26a. Thus, tension can be easily and efficiently applied together to the wood panel. For this purpose, they are manufactured identically in advance and can be easily replaced for installation of the connection system.

[0152] As shown in Figure 4d, tension-applying locks with tension-applying levers 26c are also suitable as tension-applying means 26a, 26b, and 26c. Each wood panel is cut out to have a box-shaped space with an open top and partially open end faces, as a single recess 24, with the front untouched material 27 extending to the dividing surface. Behind these recesses 24, the wood panel is untouched, as seen in the rear untouched material 29 in Figure 4d. The recesses 24 can be designed identically, which prevents errors in the prefabrication of the wood panels. At the contact position of the wood panels, a passage extending across the two wood panels to which tension is applied at the front is formed in the form of a common recess 25, through which an operable connection is formed. For this purpose, a tension-applying block 26a to which a tension-applying lever / tension-applying hook is fixed is loosely inserted into the chamber 24. Here, the tensioning arm 26b, hinged to the right-side tensioning block 26a, is positioned around the tension hook of the opposing left-side tensioning block 26a, thereby fixing the tensioning means on both sides within the chamber 24, and thus eliminating the need to firmly connect the fixture to the wood panel. By rotating the tensioning lever 26c, the tensioning arm 26b is pulled to the right, pressing the tensioning block 26a against the untouched material 27 in front, and fully pulling the wood panel toward each other. The tensioning lock here is not designed symmetrically, but can be used independently of the sides. Of course, a double-sided tensioning lever closure designed symmetrically with respect to the dividing surface can also be used. Instead of a tensioning lever with a tensioning arm, a screw design with articulated hooks or handles on both sides can be used, where the hooks or handles engage with the two tensioning blocks 26a, for example, around integrally molded cams, bolts, etc. As an example, Figure 4e shows a tension spindle having a threaded rod 26b and a hexagonal sleeve 26c extending therefrom.

[0153] It should be understood that this diagram is only a schematic representation. In reality, the front untouched material 27 to which the fastener 26a directly applies pressure is designed to be very long or deep, for example, 0.2 to 0.5 m or more in length, and therefore dimensioned to be much longer than the tension-applying block 26a. Thus, the symmetrical connection system engages over a long or deep range of the wood panel and withstands strong tension. Depending on the length or joint of the tension-applying arm 26b, the tension-applying arm 26b may also be guided through a hollow channel 24b drilled through the front untouched material 27 to grip the tension-applying block 26a of the adjacent abutment panel. Figure 4f shows this type of hollow channel 24b in the image on the right, where the front untouched material 27 is viewed in the direction of the abutment axis toward the dividing surface of the wood panel. However, in the case of symmetrical tension-applying fasteners such as tension spindles, the passage must be open, i.e., accessible for tension-applying, at least at the position of force transmission or the position of its sleeve 26c. For this purpose, embodiments having a U-shaped or rectangular cutout in the front untouched material 27 or other recess 24 are suitable, as schematically shown in Figures 4a to 4c.

[0154] In alternative embodiments of the tension-applying fasteners, each tension-applying block 26a is fixedly connected to a wood panel, for example, by gluing or screwing, as in the example shown in Figure 4g. Depending on the embodiment, the fasteners are attached only to the side walls of the slab and / or box-shaped space or recess 24. This is shown in two examples in the cutout of the cross section of the recess 24 parallel to the dividing plane shown in Figure 4h. In the right-hand figure, the tension-applying block 26a is U-shaped and can be fixed laterally from its interior within the recess 24. In principle, the tension-applying block 26a can be fixed laterally and toward the bottom, depending on the spatial conditions, in both embodiments, which is advantageous. These fixed fasteners keep the harmful impact on the wood relatively low and always leave the end face 28b of the untouched material 29 at the rear unattached. In the case of tension-applying blocks 26a fixed only to the bottom of the recess 24, all, or in this case only, of the rearmost side walls of the recess 24 remain unattached. Behind these recesses 24, the wooden panels are untouched. These can be manufactured in the same manner. Fixed tension-applying locks can also be used in a manner independent of the sides and can be implemented symmetrically as described above.

[0155] In a further modification, tension can be applied to the wood panels by tension-applying wedges 26c and opposing wedges 26a, as shown in Figure 4i. The wedges 26a and 26c are positioned in the same box-shaped recesses 24 of the wood panels, as seen on the right side of Figure 4i. As a result of the tension-applying wedge 26c being hammered down, hammered in, or tightened, the opposing wedge 26a is translated to the right and fixed in the tension-applying block 26a in the opposing box-shaped recess 24 of the far wood panel, pulling a threaded rod 26b that is fixed together with the opposing wedge 26a in the near wood panel. The front untouched material 27 on each wood panel is pressed against the other by the tension-applying block 26a and by the wedges 26a and 26c acting as tension-applying blocks, thereby tightly pulling the wood panels together. This wedge connection can also be used independently of the sides. The tension-applying wedge 26c preferably has a U-shaped recess at its bottom, which allows the tension-applying wedge 26c to slide on the threaded rod 26b. This wedge shape is shown in Figure 4j. In a shorter embodiment of the tension-applying wedge 26c, the tension-applying wedge 26c does not reach the threaded rod 26b even when fully stretched. Figure 4k shows a symmetrical modification of the wedge tension-applying with a tension-applying wedge 26c and a counter wedge 26a in a box-shaped recess 24. For all the modifications of the tension-applying shown, the recess 24 can be identically cut out in the wood panel. Behind the box-shaped recess 24, the wood panel is left untouched and can be used there, for example, for the insertion of shear connectors 6, 9.

[0156] The manufacturing method of wood-concrete composite slabs according to the present invention allows for the pre-manufacturing of slabs using modular design and then their assembly at the construction site, thereby achieving a high degree of industrial pre-manufacturing. In particular, this improves construction and assembly efficiency during the manufacturing of slabs with large span dimensions. The slab manufacturing method according to the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0157] In the case of a single slab module, the bottom slab layer—wood layer 1—is processed first. This is typically clad as a single, seamless wood panel. As seen in Figure 5a, the recess 30 described earlier is cut or milled into the wood layer 1 at the location where the shear connector 9 is inserted. In the modification shown here, steel pipes 9 are bonded, and expanded epoxy adhesive is shown in annular formations around them. Formwork 31, lined with film 32, encloses the wood sub-slab 1 along its edge region. Furthermore, bulges of film 32 can be seen at regular intervals along the side region of the formwork 31. Among these are placeholders 33 made of, for example, rigid polystyrene foam, and the space is left free during subsequent material application so that the slab modules can be friction-connected later.

[0158] In Figure 5b, three rows of shear connectors 9 are positioned on the wood layer 1 and connected to it. Here, the formwork 31 is partially covered, thereby clarifying the figure of the placeholder 33. The film 32 is positioned around the formwork 31 and is bonded to the wood slab 1 at the bottom to seal the subsequent material application laterally. Any connections and components, such as building technology elements, are installed directly on the wood layer 1.

[0159] In Figure 5c, the top of the bottom slab layer or timber layer 1 is again visible, but in this figure, the formwork 31 is absent. A sprinkler system 34 is installed on top of this, as is customary for fire protection in buildings not strictly used as museums, libraries, and storage facilities, which have irreplaceable objects to be protected from water penetration. Similarly, a front recess 24c is recognizable, which in this preferred slab design is cut or milled into the timber layer 1, in this case regularly distributed across the longitudinal side of the timber layer 1, and then connects with the timber layer 1 of laterally adjacent modules, thereby applying tension. A rear recess 24a, here covered by a timber block, is positioned behind the rear recess so that the insulating and / or soundproofing material to be filled cannot penetrate and thus cannot clog it. These can also be prevented, for example, by film covering. In any case, the application of tension to the timber layer 1 of individual modules is relevant only to preferred embodiments of the present invention when the timber layer 1 is designed to support loads continuously on two axes.

[0160] To allow the slab module to be lifted by a crane after completion, the fasteners for the load-bearing attachment 44 in the timber layer 1 are advantageously applied. For the lifting belt 44, suitable are tension-applying blocks (preferably slightly chamfered) that are fixed to the timber layer 1 and apply tension to the belt 44 on the surface of the timber layer 1. If the fastening of the load-bearing attachment 44 in the slab element is omitted, the completed element can instead be lifted using, for example, the same hoisting belt.

[0161] Figure 5d shows the next method step, in which an insulating and / or soundproofing barrier material is filled or injected onto the wood layer 1 to form an insulating and / or soundproofing layer 3. In this embodiment, cellulose fibers are blown in as the insulating and / or soundproofing barrier material, thereby forming compact clumps of cellulose fibers. The cellulose fibers, which can be seen on both sides along the module, here cover the shear connectors 9 protruding from the insulating and / or soundproofing layer 3. The film 32 was placed in the formwork 31 so that it could surround the insulating and / or soundproofing layer 3 across its edge region. In this way, a multilayer insulating and / or soundproofing layer 3, preferably having a separating film 36 between the individual material layers, is also filled or injected, blown in, etc. In the case of a two-layer insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3, for example, a lower layer of concrete granules and a lighter layer of foamed glass gravel on top thereof (preferably with a height ratio of 1:1 to 1:4 from the heavier insulation and / or soundproofing layer to the lighter insulation and / or soundproofing layer) are suitable as the insulation and / or soundproofing layer. As shown in Figure 5d, a measuring rod 43 is advantageously used to ensure the appropriate height of the insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3. Through the columns of the auxiliary frame 37 for the formwork 31, a portion of the wood layer 1 that is not enclosed by the formwork 31 and therefore excluded from the insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3 and concrete layer 4 that will be applied later can be seen. This portion of the wood layer 1 will later form a contact surface 35 for the internal longitudinal support elements 8 that are located on and above the wood layer 1.

[0162] After the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3 is fully applied, the flap of the film 32 is folded inward, so that the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3 is surrounded all around its sides by the film 32. Furthermore, a release film 36 is placed on top of the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer to prevent the fresh concrete to be introduced next from penetrating the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3. As can be seen in Figure 5e, an opening is cut into the release film 36, through which the upper end of the shear connector 9 can exit, and in the case of a fixed load-bearing attachment 44, it can exit through the same opening in the guide 45. Thus, the end of the shear connector 9 protrudes into the concrete layer 4 to be constructed next and then closely connects with the concrete layer 4. However, first, reinforcing material 15 is inserted for the concrete layer 4, which has conventional multi-layer (in this case, two layers, typically four-layer arrangement) of reinforcing rods in a lattice structure. In Figure 5e, the left inner placeholder 33 of the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3 is also clearly visible on the formwork 31. Therefore, these areas are excluded for the subsequent application of concrete.

[0163] The concrete formation process is shown in Figure 5f. In this case, the fresh concrete has already been poured into the formwork 31 and is particularly vibrated, so that the fresh concrete settles on top of layer 3 (no longer visible here) for insulation and / or soundproofing as a compact, flat upper layer 4. The upper end of the shear connector 9 is also completely covered by the concrete layer 4 and is therefore no longer visible. Here, the placeholder 33 is exposed in places. The guide 45 for the load-bearing attachment 44 protrudes upward from the concrete layer 4. After the concrete layer 4 has hardened, the formwork 31 is removed and the inserted placeholder 33 is removed or pushed out. In this way, the slab module is fully formed and ready for assembly.

[0164] Figure 5g shows two such slab modules on a support 38, which are typically stacked for transport. The modules are made to road-transportable sizes so that they can be moved to a construction site where they can be assembled to form a timber-concrete composite slab. It can be seen that a layer 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is surrounded and thus held in place by a film 32 around the entire perimeter of its sides. It can also be seen that a projection of the timber layer 1 of the module that protrudes below the composite is also formed, which forms an open surface 35 at the top. These are filled with fresh concrete poured into place, as will be described below.

[0165] Figure 5h shows how a single slab module is lifted on a lifting belt 44 using a crane device to position it in a predetermined location. Supports are provided, either vertical components of a supporting structure such as columns 18 or shear walls, and / or temporary slab supports in the form of braces, for example. These are removed again after the slab is fully formed. In the illustrated module, recesses 39 are located at regular intervals on both longitudinal sides, i.e., where placeholders 33 were previously located. Thus, there is no concrete in these locations, or no insulating material and concrete on top of the wooden recesses 24c for insulation and / or soundproofing. Thanks to the elimination of recesses 39, this module can be frictionally connected to adjacent modules on each longitudinal side. It is understood that modules placed end to end will not have any recesses 39 on their end faces. Depending on the intended frictional connection, the module side may be provided with such recesses 39 to apply tension to one, two, three, or four sides of the corresponding module having adjacent elements.

[0166] Figure 5i shows a portion of the slab resulting from the construction of multiple abutment modules. The lifting belts 44 for crane transport are not yet partially removed. The recesses 39 of adjacent elements are positioned opposite each other, together forming a common recess 40 (in some cases only in the concrete layer 1, but in this case penetrating the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3), and as a result, the recesses 24c, which are similarly joined to each other to form a common recess 25, are accessible from above for tensioning the module timber layer 1. Tensioning means 26a, 26b, and 26c are used to tension the recesses 25 in the timber layer 1, and the cavities are filled with insulating and / or soundproofing material up to the lower edge of the adjacent module concrete layer 4. This is advantageous in any case, as efforts are made to install as little concrete as possible on site. Except for the interruptions required by the longitudinal support elements, the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer 3 is implemented modularly as a continuous slab layer. Reinforcements 15 are then inserted and connected to the reinforcements of adjacent modules. In Figure 5i, the exposed contact point 35 is clearly visible on the wood layer 1, which forms or defines an intermediate space 41 at its bottom after one or more further modules are connected to the wood layer 1. This is later injected into the internal longitudinal support element 8. The module group shown here already contains two intermediate spaces 41 extending perpendicular to each other across their wood layers 1. It can be seen that the insulation layer 3 and / or soundproofing layer 4 are continuously spaced apart from each other along these intermediate spaces 41.

[0167] The reinforcing members 42 of the longitudinal support element are initially installed within the free intermediate space 41. An image like that shown in Figure 5j is obtained. Furthermore, the reinforcing rods 15 emerging from the concrete layer 4 can also be seen within the recess 40. Such recesses 40 for frictional connection of adjacent concrete reinforcing members 15 after they have been fully installed are shown separately in Figure 5k. Figure 5l shows the reinforcing members 42 of a typical longitudinal support element having tensile and compression reinforcing members 10, 11 as longitudinal reinforcing members, and in this plan view, the compression reinforcing member 11 can be seen, among other things. The longitudinal reinforcing members 10, 11 are surrounded by stirrup reinforcing members 13. The connecting reinforcing member 12 is formed from a bent reinforcing rod and, here for space reasons, is inserted horizontally instead of in the embodiment shown in Figure 2a. This connecting reinforcing member 12 is frictionally connected to the reinforcing rod 15 emerging from the concrete layer 4 via a bell-butt joint 14. The wood-concrete connecting means 6 (in this case, wood structural screws 6) are not visible in the figure and are introduced into the wood layer 1 to form a close connection of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 which are cast together with the wood sub-slab 1. On the other hand, in one embodiment of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 having a steel beam shape 20, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 are inserted into the intermediate space 41 and frictionally connected to the wood layer 1. The remaining space is then filled with insulating and / or soundproofing material until it is adjacent to the lower edge of the adjacent concrete layer 4 at the top. Reinforcements with connecting reinforcements 12 are then placed in the remaining space 41 which is poured with concrete between the adjacent concrete layers 4 and frictionally connected to those reinforcements 15.

[0168] The fully reinforced intermediate space 41 is filled with concrete 48, and the recesses 40 are similarly smoothed, as is done in particular in Figure 5m. If no insulating material for thermal and / or soundproofing is placed in the recesses 40 that reach the wood layer 1, the recesses are completely filled with cast-in-place concrete 48. However, this is rather untypical, as the final casting using fresh concrete 48 is kept as low as possible. However, in the case of concrete interruptions required for connection, the layers 3 for thermal and / or soundproofing of the slab are assembled semi-continuously on the module. Here, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 are newly formed, as seen in the still-wet concrete 48. In addition, recesses 40 that are still to be hardened with concrete are schematically shown. With the hardening of the fresh concrete 48, the wood-concrete composite slab is formed to be load-bearing with flat wood elements.

[0169] In any case, the modular manufacturing method for slabs according to the present invention is innovative, time-saving, and cost-effective. These advantages are brought about by a high degree of prefabrication, thereby enabling the assembly of large-area composite slabs very efficiently. The internal longitudinal support elements 8 are fabricated exclusively on-site here, but this is not always the case. In the case of embodiments of internal longitudinal support elements 8 that project toward the bottom, it is found to be advantageous to use prefabricated longitudinal support element components 49. As will be described later, only the final casting of the longitudinal support elements 8 is done in place with cast-in-place concrete 48.

[0170] In other embodiments of the slab according to the present invention that do not have internal longitudinal support elements 8, the associated method steps are simply omitted. For example, in one variant, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention can be manufactured modularly from at least two slab modules as a soundproof composite slab without longitudinal support elements. For their layered structure, starting from bottom to top, first, wood layers 1 are manufactured in any case, and shear connectors 9 are fixed in them at their lower ends. Next, layers 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing are formed of at least two layers 3a, 3b, and relatively high-density insulating material for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is introduced in the lower layer 3a to introduce concentrated mass on top of the wood layers 1, thereby loading the wood layers 1 and thus making them vibration-resistant. Relatively low-density insulating material for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is introduced in at least one upper layer 3b. Finally, reinforcing material 15 is also applied to the concrete layer 4 so that the upper ends of the shear connectors 9 that penetrate the layers 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing are fixed to the concrete layer 4. In this embodiment, since the modules are not frictionally connected via internal longitudinal support elements 8, recesses 39 are provided in the concrete layer 4 of at least one module, and the reinforcing members 15 emerge from the recesses to be frictionally connected to the reinforcing members 15 of the adjacent concrete layer 4. These recesses 39 are then also poured concrete. Thus, it goes without saying that the wood layers 1 of the modules can also be tensioned by friction against each other. In this case, since the recesses 39 are provided not only in the concrete layer 4 but also in the layer 3 for insulation and / or soundproofing, the wood layers 1 that can be tensioned are accessible from above to apply tension. The fully formed slab modules are then placed in predetermined positions on one or more supports and connected to at least the second slab module as described above, and the recesses 39 are poured concrete. Thus, the method for manufacturing acoustically optimized wood-concrete composite slabs is characterized by high construction and assembly efficiency. Slabs with large spans can, in principle, be created in fewer steps by such modules.

[0171] Despite these drawbacks, conventional wood-concrete composite slabs also offer good load-bearing reliability. For the purposes of the following considerations, a distinction is made between the normal case and the fire case. In the normal case, normal construction work is assumed, and different combinations of main loads, additional loads, and special loads are measured in terms of their probability of occurrence, their duration, etc. With the dimensions of conventional wood-concrete composite slabs, a comfortable static reserve is achieved in the normal case, even in the case of a fire in which the combustible wood layer 1 is damaged. On the other hand, such wood-concrete composite slabs are beneficial in that they are designed mainly from softwoods such as spruce and therefore need to have a considerable thickness for hydrostatic reasons. For this reason alone, these wood layers 1 will not immediately break in the case of fire. Furthermore, wood decomposes during the combustion process to form charcoal and combustible gases, and the carbon layer thus formed forms a very good insulator and / or soundproofing barrier due to its significantly lower thermal conductivity compared to wood. In this way, the inner wood is protected from the effects of heat for a long period of time, and as a result, the thick wood layer 1 still provides a sufficient static contribution even in the case of fire. However, the elongated slab system presents a disadvantage here.

[0172] Firstly, adequate fire protection requires that the building's supporting structure remain safe against collapse, at least to the extent necessary for its complete evacuation. Evacuation time is calculated according to the building structure, particularly the design and dimensions of the evacuation routes, and increases with the number of floors in the building. In addition, components are usually classified according to their load-bearing capacity and / or fire compartment formation function from a fire protection standpoint. Linear and planar components are also distinguished. With this in mind, buildings are fitted with higher or deeper supports. Since the wood layer 1 of a wood-concrete composite slab is combustible and planar, load-bearing components are often criticized in this way with respect to fire protection technology, even if their static performance is basically sufficient in the event of a fire. This can usually be improved by the planning and dimensioning of evacuation routes and / or elaborate means in fire-resistant coating of the wood layer, such as gypsum board panels. As a result, precisely in buildings that are regularly covered by high fire protection requirements due to their location, number of floors, and extent, the use of wood-concrete composite slabs with flat wood elements is inappropriate or ineffective, despite their great advantages.

[0173] However, the slab system according to the present invention can also be used to take advantage of such previously unused application areas. It can take advantage of situations where the number of occupants in a building tends to decrease to zero during evacuation. Therefore, the support structure affected by the fire only needs to be able to withstand about 50-60% of the maximum load, and not continuously, but only until the evacuation is complete. The wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention can satisfy this condition thanks to its internal longitudinal support element concept, so that the supporting wood layer 1 does not have to be subject to the requirement of a flat load-bearing component. The remaining support structure made of a non-combustible slab support structure or concrete layer 4 and internal longitudinal support elements 8 can completely compensate for the absence of the combustible wood layer 1, so the wood layer 1 does not need to make a static contribution during the critical period. In the event of fire, a conventional flat wood-concrete composite slab, i.e., the load-bearing flat component which is essential as a whole, is damaged, whereas the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention, by comparison, contains only components that are statically consumable in any case. This is particularly related to the fact that the wood layer 1 can remain uncovered and therefore visible despite the requirements for flat load-bearing components. An exception is escape routes with special requirements beyond static abrasion. However, in any case, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 create favorable conditions, so in principle, the fire protection measures provided to the building can be less or less stringent.

[0174] Figure 6 shows a schematic support structure concept based on a slab plan for a multi-story or high-rise building using a wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention. For example, a reinforced load-bearing building core 17, which houses elevators and / or stairwells, forms supports for slabs adjacent to load-bearing walls, together with load-bearing walls, as well as vertical columns 18 positioned inside the building along the facade 19. As can be seen, the slabs extend across the entire area between the core 17 and the facade 19, and to substantial dimensions. At the same time, apart from the building core 17, no load-bearing walls are found inside the building. This is due to the intelligent arrangement of the internal longitudinal support elements 8, which, within the building, are dealt with by only two columns 18 as point supports, while sharing the columns 18 of the facade 19 as external supports and the core 17 as a corner support, thus minimizing obstructions to the space. In this case, as described earlier, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 may be made entirely of reinforced concrete, or they may consist of steel profiles 20, or variations of these may be combined with each other. In this embodiment of the slab according to the present invention, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can be divided into two categories. In the longitudinal direction of the slab surface (horizontal direction in Figure 6), each of the first internal longitudinal support elements 8a is positioned with one end supported on the building core 17 and the other end supported on the facade column 18. These are so named because they are always essential in the support structure geometry selected here, i.e., both in normal and fire conditions. The core 17 and facade 19 define four large slab areas. Extending laterally to them, i.e., vertically in Figure 6, the hatched second internal longitudinal support elements 8b are visible. As their names suggest, they are usually not very important, as the slab can provide the required load-bearing capacity without their contribution. Typically, the support directions for four large slab regions are shown and distributed across the entire slab, with the primary support direction (the direction of support with the greatest stress) for such large slab regions indicated by a large arrow, and its secondary support direction (the direction of support with less load) indicated by a small arrow.The second longitudinal support element 8b typically does not play a critical or significant role in load transfer to the slab and therefore must be concealed for this purpose, allowing the slab to support this consideration without the second longitudinal support element.

[0175] In the event of a fire, for example, if the timber layer 1 is damaged by fire due to a failure of the sprinkler system 34, it must be possible to distribute the absorption of horizontal loads and their transfer to the vertical supports 18 to all the longitudinal support elements 8a and 8b of the slab. In this case, they all form an integral component of the remaining support structure. Here, it is decisive that the slab containing all the internal longitudinal support elements 8a and 8b is divided into a number of smaller slab regions, because, according to this static analysis, the second internal longitudinal support element 8b also acts in load absorption or load transfer. Therefore, the new primary and secondary support directions of the slab are also related to these smaller slab regions, which are not specifically shown here for clarity. As a result, the slab region supported on the active longitudinal support elements 8a and 8b becomes smaller, and thus the relatively thin concrete layer 4 can span the floors over the relevant evacuation period in this cassette slab structure of the slab and is safe against collapse. The wood layer 1, or at least the relevant portion thereof that poses a fire hazard, can be considered static like a cladding during this period. Therefore, the wood layer 1 does not need to be covered in a fire-resistant manner, but instead provides an aesthetically pleasing, continuous, and thus uninterrupted lower slab to the interior of the floor. Of course, nevertheless, the wood layer 1 can be painted on the inside or in only certain places, for example, if it is desirable in terms of a particular aesthetic, or if it is generally defined along an escape route. In this embodiment, the building core 17 also simultaneously forms an exit route. In any case, thanks to such an internal longitudinal support element concept having internal longitudinal support elements 8b that are normally statically superfluous, the fire protection requirements for the building can be significantly reduced.

[0176] In other embodiments of the slab according to the present invention, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can also be conceptualized as a temporary static relief in case of fire. The reverse is also conceivable, where one or more longitudinal support elements 8 are present only as first longitudinal support elements 8, or only as first internal longitudinal support elements 8, if this is feasible with respect to fire protection. In any case, the stiffness / mass ratio of the slab is optimized by incorporating the internal longitudinal support elements 8 into a support structure to which loads are applied in the usual manner, as previously described, thereby reducing its weight, minimizing its height, and maximizing the feasible number of building floors. The weight percentage of the optimized wood-concrete composite slab distributed over the internal longitudinal support elements 8, 8a, 8b is only about 10% or less of the slab weight. The increased bending stiffness and associated benefits outweigh this weight in some respects. Therefore, even in normal construction work, it is desirable to statically distribute the supported load to the internal longitudinal support elements 8, 8a, that is, to design at least a portion of the internal longitudinal support elements 8a as components of the first support structure.

[0177] The slab plan shown in Figure 6 should be understood as merely an exemplary embodiment. The dimensions of the slab, particularly the dimensions of the internal longitudinal support elements 8, can of course be adapted to the characteristics of each building. However, in principle, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 are distributed to follow the force profile of the slab, dividing the slab into fairly small slab areas. Here, "wise" means that the accompanying vertical supports of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 are designed to impair the interior of the building as little as possible, while nevertheless the slab has sufficient bending stiffness for its purpose. Thus, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 are advantageously supported only on columns 18. The term column 18 is understood to mean a vertically installed component that primarily absorbs and transmits loads in the direction of its longitudinal axis. These only limit the space to a minimum. In any case, since at most non-load-bearing walls must be erected or demolished, the slab plan can be used almost as desired.

[0178] Figure 7 shows a support structure with columns 18 adjacent to the slab at the upper and lower parts of the background. The slab cutouts show a structure as known from Figure 2a, and the illustration of reinforcing members is omitted. However, wood-concrete connecting elements are shown here in the form of wood structural screws 6. Where the lower column 18 intersects with the slab, the wood layer 1 has a recess, and as a result it is colplanar with the column 18 on all sides. During assembly, pre-fabricated slab modules are placed on temporary supports around the column 18. Figure 7 shows the separation line of the wood layer 1 where the two slab elements abut. The internal longitudinal support elements 8 are cast on their open contact surfaces 35 and are integrally connected to the lower column 18 at the location of the recess in the wood layer 1. Once the cast-in-place concrete 48 hardens, this acts as a support for the slab. In addition, to effectively transmit the applied forces, the upper column 18 is connected adjacently, extending the vertical support structure to the upper floor. Preferably, multiple columns 18 are arranged along the internal longitudinal support elements 8. A common support structure configuration has internal longitudinal support elements 8 attached to the columns 18 at regular intervals along the length of the columns 18. Working together with these columns 18, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 form a highly efficient support structure grid. Much of the interior of the building remains without load-bearing planar building structures, or is only partitioned at certain points by columns 18.

[0179] In some cases, it is advantageous to increase the cross-section of the internal longitudinal support elements, i.e., to exceed the height of the slab layer composite, particularly to achieve high bending reinforcement. Possible such upper or lower projections of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 from the composite slab are shown below.

[0180] The support configuration shown in Figure 8 is suitable for hollow slabs, i.e., system slab structural types that include cavities for housing, for example, electrical connections and telecommunications, sanitation, heating, and ventilation equipment. The cavity 46 simultaneously creates space for expanding the cross-section of the internal longitudinal support element 8 beyond the concrete layer 4. Such expansion can be carried out along the entire length of the internal longitudinal support element 8, or only locally, for example, in a limited area above the column 18. A merely localized protrusion is advantageous because it does not form a continuous barrier for cable routing within the cavity 46. The internal longitudinal support element 8 remains invisible from the outside after its ends are removed. Installation is carried out in the same manner as described above with respect to Figure 7, except that, further, a concrete formwork adjacent at the top and extending upward from the composite slab plane is applied to the intermediate space 41 for the cast longitudinal support element 8, thereby causing the longitudinal support element 8 to protrude from the slab at the top once finally cast. The internal longitudinal support elements 8 are not typically injected into the sub-slab / screed 23, but rather a gap is left for the cable route, especially when the cable route is designed as a continuous longitudinal support element. In the maximum design, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 extend into the sub-slab 23, thus requiring detailed adjustment of the cable route. In any case, the protruding portion from the top of the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can be sized according to the specific circumstances. If the floor above is not used, for example on the top floor, the longitudinal support elements 8 projecting upwards may project beyond the sub-slab as a step, or the sub-slab 23 may be omitted.

[0181] Figure 9 shows an internal longitudinal support element 8 protruding from the composite slab at the bottom. Due to its protrusion, the internal longitudinal support element is optically perceptible and resembles a conventional longitudinal support element. This type of longitudinal support element design is particularly suitable when the slab structure does not allow for a corresponding protrusion on top. Such a visible embodiment is primarily the longitudinal support element 8a, which is inherent and always essential with respect to statics, and therefore its optical effect is acceptable. For manufacturing or assembly, the support member 49, as provided in Figure 9 with uniform hatching, is advantageously pre-fabricated as a separate component and supported on an already constructed column 18. A similarly pre-fabricated slab element is then placed on the support member 49. For this purpose, the support member 49 can form a lower projection that forms steps 47 on both sides, on which the slab element can be placed. In the final method step, the still-empty area above the support member 49 between the concrete layers 4 of the slab module is filled with concrete 48 in situ, so that the upper end of the internal longitudinal support element 8 is integrally connected to it. Advantageously, the concrete layer 4 still reserves an edge region above the layer 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, which is filled with concrete to connect the module particularly firmly to the internal longitudinal support element 8. For clarity, the final casting of the cast-in-place concrete 48 in Figure 9 has a different hatching than the pre-fabricated slab element and the pre-fabricated support member 49 concrete. Not to mention the internal longitudinal support element 8 protruding at the bottom, which can also be finally cast upward by attaching the corresponding temporary concrete formwork.

[0182] From a structural standpoint, the lower projection of the internal longitudinal support element 8 may be perceived as optically dominant and therefore undesirable. Here, a remedy is provided by a capital configuration as shown in the cross-sectional view of Figure 10a. This configuration corresponds to the configuration from Figure 9, except that the projection of the internal longitudinal support element 8 does not extend to the same depth along its entire length. Rather, its depth increases toward the column 18 and is therefore optically integrated with the lateral arm of the capital. In Figure 10a, this capital arm extends toward the column 18 behind the sheet plane in the direction viewed from the sheet plane. The inclination of the capital arm relative to the column 18 is indicated by dashed lines oriented diagonally to each other.

[0183] Figure 10b shows a view through the cutting line AA of Figure 10a, and thus the capital can be seen as the upper end of the lower column 18 in the lateral view. The two capital arms of the internal longitudinal support element 8 each extend away from the column 18 and extend only over clearly limited portions. The internally extending portion of the longitudinal support element 8 covered here can extend continuously to or beyond the next support structure. The cutting line AA for the view shown in Figure 10a is also drawn therein, providing information about the line of sight. However, in Figure 10b, it is clear why this modification of the guide of the longitudinal support element or embodiment of the projection of the internal longitudinal support element 8 may also be advantageous. Instead of a continuously deeper slab portion, the slab height is affected here only in the region around the column 18. The longitudinal support element projection thus formed is visually inconspicuous and, nevertheless, provides decisive bending reinforcement. The internal longitudinal support element 8 is prefabricated based on the support member 49 with capital arms and installed as in the configuration according to Figure 9.

[0184] In the slab composite shown in Figure 10b, further internal longitudinal support elements 8 are visible lateral to the extension direction of the capital. These are internal longitudinal support elements 8 that are not visible from the outside, are manufactured from cast-in-place concrete 48, are integrally formed with the capital at the location of the pre-fabricated internal longitudinal support elements 8, and are connected to the capital by appropriate connecting reinforcements 12. Similarly, purely internally guided longitudinal support elements 8 extend to the opposite side of the arrangement shown here.

[0185] Based on the protruding modifications of the internal longitudinal support element 8, for example, it is shown how the slab manufacturing method described first may be adapted or modified. The slab manufacturing method can be summarized as follows for both variations of the longitudinal support element manufacturing (all in-situ, or partially prefabricated and partially in-situ): The slab according to the present invention is assembled from at least two slab modules, each of which is created with its layered structure, and thus, from bottom to top, a timber layer 1 is first manufactured with shear connectors 9 fixed in it at its lower end. Next, a layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is formed. Preferably, it is formed of at least two insulating and / or soundproofing barrier material layers 3a, 3b, with a relatively high density insulating and / or soundproofing barrier material introduced in the lower layer 3a to concentrate mass on and above the timber layer 1, thereby loading the timber layer 1 and thus making the timber layer 1 vibration resistant, while a relatively low density insulating and / or soundproofing barrier material is introduced in at least one upper layer 3b. The shear connector 9 penetrates the layer 3 for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing. Finally, the concrete layer 4 is fabricated together with its reinforcing members 15, and the shear connector 9 is fixed to the concrete layer 4 at its upper end. After this, the slab modules are placed in predetermined positions for them on one or more supports. For this purpose, the two slab modules are one of the following: i. They abut, thereby forming an intermediate space 41. This is defined at the bottom by a contact surface 35 on at least one wood layer 1 of the slab module, which is temporarily excluded from material application, and laterally by the heat insulating and / or sound insulating layer 3 and the concrete layer 4. Alternatively, the slab module is supported on the following: ii. At least one prefabricated support member 49 that forms a lower projection and steps 47 on both sides. The slab module is then supported on each of these steps 47 on the support member 49. The intermediate space 41 between the concrete layers 4 of the module is left above the support member 49. The reinforcing members 42 of the longitudinal support elements are inserted into the intermediate space 41 formed according to i. or ii. and connected to the reinforcing members 15 of the adjacent concrete layer 4 of the slab module. Next, concrete 48 is filled into the intermediate space 41, and its hardening completely forms the longitudinal support elements 8 that are embedded in the composite slab and, if applicable, protrude from the layer composite at the top and / or bottom. For the upper protrusion of the internal longitudinal support element 8, an upward-extending concrete formwork adjacent to the corresponding intermediate space 41 is applied to the top, and the resulting expanded space 41 is filled with concrete 48. After the concrete 48 has hardened, the concrete formwork is removed again, thereby completely forming the upward-protruding longitudinal support elements 8.

[0186] Various embodiments demonstrate that the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can be designed in a wide variety of ways, sometimes through aesthetically designed protruding shapes. Internal longitudinal support elements 8 protruding from the slab layer composite allow for greater flexibility in slab planning design, as very large bending reinforcement does not necessitate dense placement of vertical supports. On the other hand, it may also be desirable to make all internal longitudinal support elements 8 disappear within the slab. In combined variations, for example, only the first internal longitudinal support element 8a may protrude, while the second longitudinal support element 8b, which makes a static contribution that is negligible in any case except in the event of a fire, is completely integrated into the slab. In that case, they also have no optical effect as purely temporary elements, which is acceptable for the first internal longitudinal support element 8. The decision of which internal longitudinal support elements 8 to protrude and where from the slab can be architecturally motivated and can be fully implemented statically. Finally, each building has its own type, which is why variations of one or another embodiment may be better suited accordingly. In any case, the internal longitudinal support elements 8 can be individually selected, different embodiments can be combined with each other if necessary, and conventional longitudinal support elements not installed within the slab can be supplemented as needed.

[0187] Figure 11 shows a building 50, designed here as a high-rise building 50a with a total height of 80m. Typically, the wood-concrete composite slab according to the present invention is installed on each floor except for the building core 17 and spans each floor. Here, fire and sound insulation requirements are met so as to be characteristically constructed with respect to the internal structure, with the composite slab terminating on the inside having a wood layer 1. By using the slab according to the present invention, a total of 28 floors can be achieved in the high-rise building 50a. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0188] 1. Flat wood element, wood layer 2. Concrete formwork, dividing surface between concrete and wooden support structure 3. Layer for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing. 3a A layer of relatively heavy insulating and / or soundproofing material. 3b A layer of relatively light insulating and / or soundproofing material. 4. Concrete layer 5 Wooden beams 6. Wood screws for connecting elements between wood and concrete. 7 grooves, shear channels 8 Internal longitudinal support elements 8a First internal longitudinal support element 8 8b Second internal longitudinal support element 8 9. Shear connectors, steel pipes 10. Tensile reinforcement of longitudinal support element 8 11 Compression reinforcement of longitudinal support element 8 12 Connecting reinforcement for the concrete layer 4 on the longitudinal support element 8 and the reinforcement 15 13 Stirrup reinforcement for longitudinal support element 8 14. Bellbutt joint for connecting reinforcing members 12 and 15. 15. Reinforcement materials and reinforcing rods for concrete layer 4. 16 Side view of longitudinal support element 8 17 Supporting building core 18 Vertical support column 19. Building facade wall 20 Steel beam profiles 21a Upper flange of steel profile 20 21b Lower flange of steel profile 20 22 Impact sound-insulating and heat-insulating panels 23 Subslab, Screed 24 Recesses in wood panels 24a Rear recess 24b A hollow channel passing through the untouched material 27 in front of the wood panel, in this case the untouched material 27 is not untouched by the hollow channel 24b alone. 24c Anterior recess 25 Common recess spanning the wood panel 26. Tension-applying means 26a Fixing tensioning block, screw head, opposing wedge 26b Connecting means for fasteners: threaded rod, tensioning arm 26c Force transmission means sleeve, lever, tensioning wedge 27 Untouched material in front of the wood panel, except for the hollow channel 24b. 28a Rear end face of the untouched material 27 at the front of the wooden panel 28b The end face of the untouched material 29 at the rear of the wooden panel 29 Untouched material behind the wooden panel 30 Recess in wood layer 1 31 Formwork for slab modules 32 Film for at least lateral framing of insulating and / or soundproofing materials 33 Placeholders 34 Sprinkler System 35 Contact surface on wood layer 1 for internal longitudinal support element 8 to be formed later 36-layer separation film 37 Auxiliary frame for modular formwork 31 Stack magazine for 38 slab modules 39 Recesses in concrete layer 4 or concrete layer 4 and layer 3 for insulation and / or soundproofing. 40 Common recess formed by recess 39 41 Intermediate space for pouring cast-in-place concrete into the internal longitudinal support element 8 42 Reinforcement material for longitudinal support elements 43 Measuring rod 44 Load handling attachments, lifting belts 45 Guide for load handling attachment 44 46 Cavity beneath the hollow slab 47 steps 48 Cast-in-place concrete of 8 pre-fabricated internal longitudinal support elements 49 Pre-manufactured support members 50 buildings 50a High-rise building

Claims

1. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure that includes concrete components and wood components connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, The slab includes a layered structure (1, 3, 4) comprising, from bottom to top, first a planar wood component that can withstand tensile loads in the composite material of the slab, i.e., a wood layer (1), followed by a layer (3) for heat insulation and / or sound insulation, and finally a concrete layer (4), Shear connectors (9) are installed within the composite slab, with at least one of the shear connectors (9) protruding into both the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4), thereby penetrating the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer (3), A wood-concrete composite slab in which the layers of the slab are intersected by at least one longitudinal support element (8), the longitudinal support element (8) traverses at least the concrete layer (4) and the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer (3), and as a result extends downward to at least the wood layer (1).

2. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein the at least one longitudinal support element (8) includes a steel profile (20) having at least one lower flange (21b) as reinforcing steel (10, 11, 12, 13) and / or reinforcing material (42).

3. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein the one longitudinal support element (8) or the plurality of longitudinal support elements (8) are dimensioned or sized in terms of their number such that their weights together constitute a maximum of 10% of the total weight of the slab.

4. The wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, wherein, in the case of a maximum 50% extension of the span of the composite slab, and a maximum total length of the extended span of 9 m, the span-dependent weight increase of the slab does not exceed 10% of the slab weight, and the slab thickness varies by only 5 to 10 cm to ensure greater flexibility in the slab design.

5. A method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 1, having at least two slab modules, a. Each slab module is formed with a layered structure (1, 3, 4), and as a result, from bottom to top, first the wood layer (1) is manufactured with the shear connector (9) fixed in its lower end, then the heat insulating and / or sound insulating layer (3) is formed, and finally the concrete layer (4) is applied together with its reinforcing material (15) so that the upper end of the shear connector (9) is fixed to the concrete layer (4). b. The slab modules are placed at predetermined positions for them on one or more supports. i. The two slab modules abut each other, thereby forming an intermediate space (41) whose bottom is defined by the contact surface (35) on at least one of the slab modules on the wood layer (1), and which is laterally defined by the heat insulating and / or sound insulating layer and the concrete layer (3, 4). or ii. At least one of the supports is a pre-fabricated longitudinal support element (49) that forms a lower projection with steps (47) on both sides, on each of the steps (47) a slab module is supported on the longitudinal support element (49), and between the concrete layers (4) of the slab module thus supported, an intermediate space (41) is left above the longitudinal support element (49), c. Reinforcement members (4210, 11, 12, 13, 20) of the longitudinal support elements are inserted into the intermediate space (41) and connected to the adjacent concrete reinforcement members (15), d. A manufacturing method in which the intermediate space (41) is filled with concrete (48), and the longitudinal support element (8) is fully assembled by the hardening of the concrete.

6. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure comprising concrete components and wood components connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, The slab comprises a layered structure (1, 3, 4), the layered structure (1, 3, 4) comprising, from bottom to top, first a planar wood component that can withstand tensile loads in the composite material of the slab, i.e., a wood layer (1), followed by a layer (3) for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, and finally a concrete layer (4). A shear connector (9) is installed in the composite slab, and at least one shear connector (9) protrudes into both the wood layer (1) and the concrete layer (4), thereby penetrating the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer (3), The thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer (3) comprises at least two insulating and / or soundproofing materials of different densities or specific gravities, wherein the high-density insulating and / or soundproofing material is placed directly on or on the wood layer (1) which can withstand the tensile load of the slab composite, and is intended to increase the inertia of the wood layer (1) and act as a vibration damping means. A wood-concrete composite slab, wherein the layer structure (3, 4) of the slab either extends over the slab without longitudinal support elements, or at least one longitudinal support element (8) extends at least through the concrete layer (4) and the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer (3), thereby extending downward to at least the wood layer (1).

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the at least two insulating and / or soundproofing materials having different densities or specific gravities are used for soundproofing by damping vibrations of the wood layer (1).

8. A method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 6, having at least two slab modules, a. The slab modules are each formed by their layer structure (1, 3, 4), and the wood layer (1) is initially manufactured from bottom to top with the shear connector (9) fixed thereto at its lower end. b. Next, the thermal insulation and / or soundproofing layer (3) is formed by first introducing a high-density insulating and / or soundproofing material intended to increase the inertia of the wood layer (1) and act as a vibration damping means, and then a low-density insulating and / or soundproofing material is placed on top of the high-density insulating and / or soundproofing material. c. Finally, the concrete layer (4) is formed together with its reinforcing member (15) so that the shear connector (9) is fixed to the concrete layer (4) at its upper end, and the reinforcing member (15) protrudes from the recess (39) of the concrete layer (4) for connection to at least the second slab module. d. A manufacturing method comprising: a fully constructed slab module being placed at a predetermined position on one or more supports, and being connected to the at least second slab module by friction connection of the reinforcing members (15) of the adjacent concrete layers (4), and then the recess (39) being poured with concrete.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the low-density insulating material for thermal and / or soundproofing is air.

10. A wood-concrete composite slab having a support structure comprising concrete components and wood components connected thereto in a shear-resistant manner, The slab comprises a layer structure (1, 4), the layer structure (1, 4) first extending planarly from bottom to top, and including a wood component, i.e., a wood layer (1), which can withstand tensile loads in the composite material of the slab. The wood layer (1) includes at least two abutting wood panels that are subjected to reciprocating tension from each other, and in each case, one wood panel presses against the other wood panel in a direction perpendicular to the dividing surface formed at the abutting connection. As a result, in each of the wooden panels that are tensioned relative to one another, the lower side of the wooden panel is left untouched, at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a, 24c) is formed in the wooden panel, and at least one recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) is created by material removal to form a passage that extends beyond the at least two abutting wooden panels, together with the recess (24; 24a, 24b, 24c) in the wooden panel located on the far side of the dividing surface. The tension-applying means (26a, 26b, 26c) are introduced into the passage and fixed at each end to at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a), thereby, as a result of the tension-applying means (26a, 26b, 26c), tension is applied to the at least two abutting wooden panels. The wooden panels, with tension applied to each other, remain untouched in the region extending from the rear of one of their box-shaped spaces (24) when viewed from the dividing surface, or, if there are more than one box-shaped space, remain untouched in the region extending from the rearmost box-shaped space (24a) in the direction perpendicular to and away from the dividing surface, thereby forming untouched material (29) at the rear for other use, that is, no recesses or notches are needed to apply tension to the two abutting wooden panels. A wood-concrete composite slab, wherein the layer structure (3, 4) of the slab extends on the slab without longitudinal support elements, or, if a layer (3) for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing is present, at least one longitudinal support element (8) traverses at least the concrete layer (4) and the layer (3) for thermal insulation and / or soundproofing, and consequently extends downward to at least the wood layer (1).

11. a. In each of the wooden panels to be subjected to tension, the at least one recess (24) is created by material removal such that it forms at least one box-shaped space (24; 24a, 24c), b. Next, the wooden panels are placed in contact with each other, and their recesses (24) form a recessed passage that extends across the two wooden panels. c. The tension-applying means (26a, 26b, 26c) are introduced into the passage and fixed at each end to the at least one or rear box-shaped space (24; 24a), d. The method for manufacturing a wood-concrete composite slab according to claim 10, wherein tension is applied to the tension-applying means (26a, 26b, 26c) from above.

12. A building (50) having one or more built-in wood-concrete composite slabs as described in claim 1.

13. A building (50) having one or more built-in wood-concrete composite slabs as described in claim 6.

14. A building (50) having one or more built-in timber-concrete composite slabs as described in claim 9.

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