Systems and methods for exhaust pollution abatement

Abstract

The present disclosure includes an industrial filtration system and components for the system. The components include a smaller flue than conventional filtration systems. The system also includes one or more heaters configured to convert a dosing solution into vapor to interact with gas emissions generated by an industrial plant or power plant. Embodiments may also include one or more filters, some of which may be surrounded by one or more magnets to create a magnetic field within the flue to affect the gas emissions. Various sensors (e.g., gas, temperature, and pressure) may be used to send data to a controller that can change inputs to the system. Inputs may include heat and pressure, or may provide alerts that various components may have failed, need replacement, or require maintenance.

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 433,399, filed December 16, 2022, entitled "FILTRATION SYSTEM AND FEATURES THEREOF," the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure includes exhaust systems and methods designed for the cleanup and mitigation of pollution generated by power plants and industrial facilities (e.g., coal-fired power plants). More specifically, embodiments address the need for efficient, environmentally responsible exhaust systems that can reduce harmful emissions and pollutants released during industrial processes.

[0003] Increasing global concerns about environmental sustainability and the adverse impact of industrial emissions on air quality have created a growing need for innovative technologies that can effectively mitigate pollution from power plants and industrial facilities. Traditional exhaust systems often fail to achieve desired levels of pollutant removal (e.g., carbon dioxide and other emissions), leading to environmental concerns and regulatory challenges. Existing exhaust systems typically rely on traditional methods, such as electrostatic precipitators or scrubbers, which may have limitations in capturing certain pollutants or may be expensive to operate. Furthermore, the continued evolution of industrial processes has created a need for exhaust systems that can adapt to various pollutants and operating conditions. Furthermore, integrating pollution abatement technologies in industrial facilities, whether building new facilities or retrofitting existing ones, is challenging due to external factors that negatively impact their economic viability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure overcome the limitations of existing exhaust systems by providing a novel and versatile solution for pollution abatement in power plants and industrial facilities. The proposed exhaust system increases pollutant capture efficiency, lowers operating costs, and promotes environmental sustainability.

[0005] Embodiments include a combination of heaters configured to generate a vapor of a dosing solution through which contaminants pass before entering one or more filters, at least one of which is surrounded by one or more magnets. This advanced filtration technology includes advanced filtration materials and mechanisms designed to effectively capture a wide range of contaminants (e.g., particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other harmful emissions). This ensures optimal performance and compliance with stringent environmental regulations. Embodiments can include an intelligent, adaptive control system integrated into the exhaust system, enabling real-time monitoring of contaminant levels and adjusting filtration parameters accordingly. This adaptability ensures optimal performance under a variety of operating conditions. The exhaust system incorporates energy-efficient components and processes to minimize power consumption and operating costs, contributing to the overall sustainability of industrial operations.

[0006] In conclusion, this disclosure represents a significant advancement in the field of exhaust systems for pollution abatement in power plants and industrial facilities. The combination of advanced filtration technology, selective pollutant removal, adaptive control, and energy efficiency distinguishes this disclosure from existing solutions and makes a valuable contribution to the ongoing effort toward cleaner, more sustainable industrial environments.

[0007] In one example, a flue or chimney may include one or more external heater assemblies configured to vaporize a dosing solution, each of the external heater assemblies. One or more of the heating assemblies may include a housing, an interface configured to connect the housing to the flue, one or more heating elements, and one or more dosing solution injectors configured to generate mist adjacent to the one or more heating elements, the heating elements configured to generate heat to vaporize the mist into steam. The heating assemblies may further include more dividers to distribute the steam within the flue. The flue may further include one or more filters positioned within the flue downstream from the vaporized dosing solution and one or more magnets positioned adjacent to a subset of the one or more filters. The flue may further include a separate internal heater positioned within the flue adjacent to the one or more filters. A controller may be configured to control a first voltage applied to the one or more external heaters, a second voltage to the one or more internal heaters, and a pressure applied to the dosing solution to the one or more dosing solution injectors.

[0008] The flue system may further include one or more blowers to increase the flow rate of the exhaust through the flue. The blowers may be located in various portions of the exhaust system to ensure adequate compliance and effective pollution abatement. The controller may control the amount of power supplied to the one or more blowers in response to the sensor data.

[0009] The sensor data can include data from one or more gas sensors coupled to the controller, and the controller is configured to vary inputs (e.g., heat and pressure) to the single flue in response to data received from the one or more gas sensors.

[0010] The external heater may include a pressure sensor configured to detect the dosing solution fluid pressure in the one or more dosing solution injectors.

[0011] The flue may also include various temperature sensors configured to sense the temperature inside the housing at various locations.

[0012] The heating element can be arranged in a spiral or coil shape surrounding the direction of mist flow to convert the mist into steam.

[0013] The external heater further includes an overflow valve configured to return the dosing solution to the pump in the event of a pressure overload, the pump being coupled to the dosing supply tank.

[0014] The flue may also include a communication interface including one or more connections to various sensors and components configured to communicate data to and from the controller.

[0015] The flue external heater may include one or more solenoids that control the pressure of the dosing solution within the injector.

[0016] The flue internal heater may include a ribbon filament made of an electrically conductive material having a resistance to generate heat. The ribbon filament may be bent in a serpentine configuration and may have porous walls. The ribbon filament may include a major surface oriented perpendicular to the plane of the serpentine structure to heat and enhance pollutant reduction without impeding the flow of emissions. The internal heater may be supported by one or more brackets.

[0017] An example includes two heaters supported on opposite sides of a bracket.

[0018] Another example of a typical system includes a flue, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) agent injector coupled to the flue, and at least one heater. The flue may also include a nitrous oxide (NOx) filter, an SCR filter, a magnet coupled to a temperature sensor, and at least one gas composition sensor. The magnetic field can disturb, slow down, or disturb and slow down the flue gas flowing through the flue. The at least one magnet may be located inside or outside the flue, which may be advantageous for insulating the magnet from heat. The magnet may be an electromagnet or a permanent magnet and may include multiple magnets or magnet units arranged along the longitudinal axis of the flue.

[0019] The evacuation system may also include a pump coupled to the dosing supply tank, the pump configured to pump the dosing solution to one or more injectors adjacent to the at least one heater.

[0020] An example may include a processor configured to detect a temperature inside the flue and automatically adjust the temperature inside the flue based on the detected temperature inside the flue by controlling voltage to one or more heaters. The adjustment may include varying a voltage applied to the heating element. The system may also include a pressure sensor coupled to the processor and configured to detect a pressure inside a dosing tube between the pump and the one or more injectors. The processor may also adjust the pressure output by the pump in response to detecting the pressure inside the dosing tube. The flue system may also include multiple heaters that heat the dosing solution.

[0021] Multiple heaters may be positioned at different offsets relative to the flue to more evenly distribute the dosing solution vapor.

[0022] The system can include an SCR agent injector coupled to one of the plurality of heaters and configured to inject the agent adjacent to the heater.

[0023] Another example includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for mixing a dosing solution vapor with exhaust gas. The system can include a heater for heating the dosing solution, the dosing solution including a nitrogen portion and a water portion. The system can include a flue including a first inlet for directing the heated dosing solution to an SCR reaction chamber. The system can also include a second inlet for introducing exhaust gas into the SCR reaction chamber, where the dosing solution undergoes NOx reduction to produce oxidized particles. The system can include one or more magnets disposed adjacent to the SCR reaction chamber, and at least one hSO2 honeycomb, at least one NOx particulate filter, and at least one particulate filter disposed within the SCR reaction chamber. The oxidized particles are removed from the SCR reaction chamber by the at least one magnet, the at least one SO2 honeycomb, the at least one NOx particulate filter, and the at least one particulate filter. A controller can be coupled to the heater to control the amount of heat applied to the dosing solution to produce the dosing solution vapor.

[0024] The dosing solution may contain various proportions of components, such as urea or ammonia, and 3.0-4.0% w / v of salt. The dosing solution may also contain a 30% w / v nitrogen portion and a 70% w / v water portion.

[0025] The system can include a dosing solution supply tank that directs the dosing solution to the SCR reaction chamber. The supply tank can be coupled to a dosing tube. The dosing tube can include at least one pressure sensor and can be connected to at least one pump to detect pressure within the dosing tube.

[0026] The pressure within the delivery tube can vary, but can be at least 60 psi.

[0027] The pump can include an automatic shut-off system if the pressure in the dosing tube drops below a predetermined level. The dosing solution supply tank can include a mixer that mixes the dosing solution to keep its composition constant. A controller can be coupled to the heater to control the amount of heat added to the dosing solution to generate the dosing solution vapor.

[0028] This Summary is provided to introduce in a simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0029] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples are described with reference to the following figures: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0030] [Figure 1] 1A-1C illustrate vertical flues including heaters, filters, and other components according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 2 is a different perspective view of the vertical flue of FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 3] 2 illustrates an exemplary heater within the filter of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] 1A-1C illustrate a circular flue according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5] 1 illustrates a flue in a horizontal configuration according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a second perspective view of the horizontal configuration shown in FIG. 5 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a computing device that may be integrated with or otherwise associated with a control embodiment including a system of elements for controlling contamination reduction according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 7 is a third perspective view of the horizontal configuration shown in FIGS. 5-6 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view of an external heater assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification. The drawings show, for illustrative purposes, specific embodiments or examples. These aspects may be combined, other aspects may be utilized, and structural changes may be made without departing from the disclosure. The examples may be embodied as methods, systems, or devices. Thus, the examples may take the form of a hardware implementation, an entirely software implementation, or an implementation combining software and hardware aspects. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0032] Embodiments of the present disclosure may include one or more components, including: one or more controllers, one or more heaters, one or more dosing agent injectors (also known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) agent injectors), dosing agent, one or more flues (also known as chimneys, ducts, pipes, flue gas stacks, or openings for conveying exhaust gases outdoors), one or more magnets, one or more filters, and one or more pumps, pressure sensors, gas composition sensors, temperature sensors, couplings, and pipes. Embodiments include individual components and combinations thereof. The magnets may be electromagnets, permanent magnets, or a combination of the two. Embodiments may include magnets surrounding, near, or adjacent to a subset of the one or more filters. The magnets may be inside or outside the flue, although they are preferably outside the flue. In some embodiments, multiple magnet units (e.g., each unit including at least one magnet) may be positioned along the longitudinal axis of the flue, with each magnet providing a respective magnetic field within the flue.

[0033] The controller may receive sensor data from one or more sensors coupled to one or more of the components (e.g., pressure sensors, temperature sensors, heaters, gas composition sensors, dosing agent injectors, pumps, communication interfaces, and other components). The controller includes software for reading values ​​from each of the sensors and controlling inputs to the system (e.g., heat, pressure, mixing, and dosing solutions) to maximize contaminant reduction. The controller may be programmed to send different voltages to the components (e.g., blowers, heaters, magnets, and pumps) to optimize system performance.

[0034] I. Flue system 1-3 illustrate a perspective cutaway view of an exemplary flue system 190 for a power plant incorporating principles disclosed herein. The illustrated flue system 190 includes a flue 270 for flowing post-combustion gases to a flue exhaust outlet 280. In this illustration, the flue exhaust outlet 280 is located downstream of an inlet 700 through which the post-combustion gases are received into the flue 270. In the exemplary flue system 190, there is a single flue 270, although multiple flue systems may be configured. As used herein, "flue" refers to an SCR reaction chamber where conversion of nitrous oxides (NOx) in the exhaust gases to nitrogen and water occurs in the presence of catalytic material. To effect the conversion, the SCR reaction chamber contains a cassette of catalytic material.

[0035] In this embodiment, the flue 270 is oriented vertically, with the inlet 700 located at the bottom of the flue 270 and the flue exhaust outlet 280 located at the top of the flue 270. Also located at the bottom of the flue 270 is a trap 710 used to collect falling particles. The trap 710 has a door (not shown) that can be opened to release the collected particles for disposal or further processing. In some configurations, a collection device (not shown), such as a bucket, receptacle, or disposal system (e.g., a chamber, waste treatment tube, etc.), may be located below the trap 710. Additionally, in some embodiments, the flue 270 may include one or more blowers to increase the flow rate of emissions through the flue 270.

[0036] Given that the illustrated flue 270 is rectangular in cross section, it can be appreciated that the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, heater, and filter, described below, are also preferably rectangular in shape along the axis of the flue 270. In other embodiments, the flue may be circular or oval, as shown in Figure 4 for example, and therefore the SCR filter, heater, and filter are preferably circular or oval, respectively, along the axis of the flue, mutatis mutandis.

[0037] Flue system 190 preferably includes various gas cleaning devices along the path of the post-combustion gases as they travel through flue 270. To that end, in this exemplary embodiment, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reduction or dosing solution injector 500 is located downstream of inlet 700 to inject a reducing / dosing solution into flue 270 to mix and react with the post-combustion gases. The preferred injector 500 is described in more detail elsewhere. However, it should be noted that injector 500 is shown in cutaway view for ease of illustration.

[0038] As previously mentioned, SCR systems remove NOx from flue gases emitted by power plant boilers, gas turbines, and other combustion sources. SCR systems selectively lower NOx emissions by injecting a reducing agent (e.g., ammonia (NH3)) into the exhaust gas upstream of a catalyst. NOx reacts with NH3 and oxygen (O2) to produce nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O).

[0039] However, it should be noted that the dosing / reducing agent or solution is preferably output from the injector 500 (also known as a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) agent injector) in the form of a mist for better mixing and interaction with the flue gas. An external heater assembly 300 (e.g., at least one of those shown in FIGS. 1-4) may be used to convert the mist to a gas or vapor state. As shown in FIG. 1, the external heater assembly 300 includes a divider plate 310, a set of coils 320, and the injector 500. In some embodiments, the external heater assembly 300 receives power from a power supply assembly 318. The vapor 172 may be directed toward the divider plate 310, which serves to further disperse the vapor 172. As illustrated, the divider plate 310 preferably includes radially extending blades 312, somewhat resembling the blades of a fan. Preferably, the divider plate 310 is fixed and does not rotate, although the divider plate 310 or the extending blades may be configured to rotate. As illustrated, each divider 310 is associated with a corresponding injector 500. In some embodiments, the external heater assembly 300 may also include an overflow valve configured to return the dosing solution to the pump in the event of a pressure overload. Other configurations of the external heater assembly 300 include one or more solenoids that control the pressure of the dosing solution within the injector. The pump may be coupled to a dosing supply tank, as described below. While FIG. 1 shows a triad including a divider 310 and an injector 500, any combination of dividers 310 and injectors may be used. Additional description of the external heater assembly 300 is provided below.

[0040] Downstream of the injector 500 is the heater unit 150. In the illustrated embodiment, two electric heaters 410 are provided within the heater unit 150, the two heaters 410 being supported on opposite sides of a bracket 412. As best seen in FIG. 3, each heater 410 preferably comprises a ribbon-like filament 414 or heating element formed or bent into a serpentine or gallop-like configuration or structure having relatively sharp bends and contained within a porous wall 416. The wall 416 preferably has a honeycomb or mesh structure to allow gas flow therethrough.

[0041] The ribbon filament 414 may be formed of an electrically conductive material (e.g., an iron-based metal) or other material that conducts electricity. The ribbon filament 414 has a relatively large flat or major surface area and is oriented so that the flat or major surface is parallel to the flue gas flow (i.e., the major surface of the serpentine structure). The ribbon filament 414, or heater, may be oriented with its major surface perpendicular to the plane of the serpentine structure. The number of bends varies depending on the amount of heat the heater is designed to provide and its effect on the flue gas flow. The heater unit 150 may be comprised of one or more heating elements and may also include a particulate filter to filter out or burn any remaining large particles remaining in the exhaust. The large particles may be captured in the filter and burned, or may fall into a collection unit down the flue and be collected. However, overall, with this orientation and serpentine / galloping configuration, the heater 410 allows the flow of flue gas with entrained and interacting dosing / reducing agents to pass through the heater while providing maximum heat to the flue gas.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 2, two heater units 150 (e.g., internal heaters in the flue) receive power from a heater power supply assembly 204. In some embodiments, a separate heater power supply assembly may be used for each of the heater units 150. In other embodiments, a single heater power supply assembly may be coupled to the heater units 150 in series or parallel. The two heater units 150 include electrical terminals that can apply current to the ribbon-like filaments. At least one of the heating elements may be arranged in a spiral that surrounds the direction of mist flow.

[0043] Ribbon filaments are efficient, providing the most heat per square inch or area. Ribbon elements are thin, flexible, and can have a large heat transfer area. Ribbon filaments offer high power density, excellent high temperature strength, and low watt density. They can be suspended or supported in an insulated fixture, especially in bends.

[0044] Ribbon filaments can be made from nichrome, iron-chromium, iron-chromium-aluminum alloy, nickel-chromium, nickel-iron, nickel, stainless steel, molybdenum, tungsten, or MoSi2 wire. Insulating materials for use on or with the filaments or heating elements include mica, asbestos, ceramics, synthetic liquids, polymers, and / or fiberglass.

[0045] As can be appreciated, the heater 410 serves to heat the flue gas and dosing / reductant, thereby reducing the possibility of cracking and other damage to the catalyst caused by the flue gas and dosing / reductant being too cold when they reach the SCR filter, described below, an effect which could cause the SCR filter to cool rapidly.

[0046] It will further be appreciated that a given heater 410 can have multiple ribbon filaments or one or more rod filaments. Other typical heater configurations include different numbers of heaters that can be positioned at different offsets relative to the flue to more evenly distribute the dosing solution vapor.

[0047] Downstream of the particulate filter 251 are a heater unit 155, an oxidation and particulate filter 252 (or diesel particulate filter (DPF)), and a NOx / SO2 and SCR filter 254 (referred to herein as SCR filter 154) arranged in that order along the flue gas flow. The heater unit 155, the particulate filter 252, and the SCR filter 254 are preferably structurally identical to the heater unit 150, the oxidation and particulate filter 152 (or diesel particulate filter (DPF)), and the SCR filter 154, respectively. However, they can be structured differently. For example, the active surface of the SCR filter 254 can be coated with a material different from the material coating the active surface of the SCR filter 154.

[0048] In this arrangement, the heater unit 155 is located upstream of the oxidation and particulate filter 252 rather than downstream of the SCR filter 254 in order to impart more heat to the flue gases before they reach the SCR filter 254.

[0049] Also shown, at least one magnet or magnet unit 160 is positioned outside the flue 270. In this embodiment, the magnet unit 160 is positioned and configured to surround the heater unit 155. The magnet unit 160 provides a magnetic field that extends into the flue and flue gases and serves to further turbulently slow down the gas flow. The magnet unit 160 is preferably insulated from the heat of the flue 270 and flue gases, for example by a double-walled construction.

[0050] The magnet unit 160 may be comprised of one or more electromagnets or one or more permanent magnets. The magnet unit 160 does not need to surround the flue 270 if a sufficient magnetic field can be generated / provided by a magnetic field generating unit that does not surround the flue 270.

[0051] Although only one magnet unit is shown in this embodiment, it will be appreciated that multiple magnet units can be used along the axis or longitudinal axis of the flue 270, depending on the amount of flue gas turbulence and deceleration desired for a given flue design. Furthermore, the magnet units do not need to be identically configured or of the same type. For example, there may be advantages to using electromagnets that can be turned on and off, as well as advantages over permanent magnets that require less maintenance. Suitable permanent magnets include neodymium magnets.

[0052] In one embodiment, the magnet unit can include multiple permanent magnets. The multiple magnets can have an internal profile that matches the external profile of the flue. For example, for a flue with a circular or oval cross section, the internal profile of the magnets can be curved. The multiple magnets can be provided in sets. The multiple magnets can be arranged in an array with alternating polarities, with opposing polarities facing each other. Alternatively, the magnets can have the same polarity, and the polarity may not change along the length. Having magnets with opposite polarities facing each other results in a stronger magnetic field.

[0053] In one embodiment, the central core magnetic rod may be provided as part of a set of magnets. The central core magnetic rod may allow for various arrangements of magnet polarity. For example, opposing outer magnets may have the same or different polarities, and the polarity may vary along the longitudinal direction. Additionally, the central core magnetic rod may be a single piece extending from one longitudinal position to another, with one polarity at each end. Alternatively, the central core magnetic rod may be made of segments that may be separated from each other longitudinally and may have polarities that may vary along the longitudinal direction.

[0054] Although only one magnet unit is shown in this embodiment, it will be appreciated that multiple magnet units can be used along the flue 270 depending on the amount of flue gas turbulence and deceleration desired for a given flue design. Furthermore, the magnet units do not need to be identically configured or of the same type. For example, there may be advantages to using electromagnets that can be turned on and off, as well as advantages over permanent magnets that require less maintenance.

[0055] As can be appreciated, conditions within the flue 270 can be monitored in a variety of ways, such as monitoring the gas composition or the temperature of the flue gas, and in this manner, the operation of the flue gas cleaning system can be monitored.

[0056] In the illustrated embodiment, a temperature sensor 450 is provided between the heater unit 150 and the oxidation and particulate filter 152 to detect the temperature of the flue gases exiting the heater unit 150. A signal indicative of the detected temperature is sent to a control panel 800. The control panel 800 itself controls the operation of the heater unit 150 by turning the heater unit on or off or by controlling the amount of current supplied to the heater unit 150.

[0057] Between heater unit 250 and particulate filter 251 is another temperature sensor 450. Temperature sensor 450 senses the temperature of the flue gases exiting heater unit 250. A signal indicative of the sensed temperature is sent over communication line 520 to control panel 800. Control panel 800 itself controls the operation of heater unit 250 by turning the heater unit on or off or by controlling the amount of current supplied to heater unit 250.

[0058] Between the particulate filter 251 and the heater unit 155 is another temperature sensor 450. This temperature sensor 450 may also be referred to as an emergency temperature sensor 450. A signal indicative of the sensed temperature is sent to the control panel 800. If the temperature in the flue 270 exceeds a desired amount or increases too rapidly, the controller can prevent damage to the system by shutting down the entire system or all heater units.

[0059] Downstream of the SCR filter 154, at the flue exhaust outlet 280, is a gas composition sensor 400. The gas composition sensor 400 may measure the amount of NOx, SO2, and / or other gases, or may be dedicated to measuring only the amount of one or a few of these gases. A signal indicative of the amount(s) of one or more of these gases is fed back to the control panel 800. The control panel 800 can determine how well the system is operating and whether any corrective action is needed. Corrective action may include replacing one or more filters, one or more heating units, and / or one or more SCR filters. Corrective action may include adjusting the dosing / reductant injector.

[0060] In this regard, it should be noted that each of the heating units and filters described herein may be configured and mounted within the flue to be easily replaced, and to that end, although not shown for ease of understanding, these units may be exposed by opening respective doors or covers provided within the flue 270, allowing the respective heating units and filters to be slid out of the flue and replacement parts to be slid into place.

[0061] FIG. 5 illustrates another flue system 505, like flue system 190 of FIG. 2, but with a horizontal orientation, i.e., longitudinal, such that the flue gas flow is along a horizontal axis. In some configurations, the arrangement of the heater unit(s), particulate filter(s), oxidation and particulate filter(s) / diesel particulate filter (DPF), SCR filter(s), magnet unit(s), and dosing / reductant injector are sufficiently similar that they are omitted here for brevity. However, the number and positioning of these elements vary depending on the size and design of the power plant, and reference to FIG. 2 is not a limitation to any particular configuration or components in the horizontal orientation. For example, in this flue system with a horizontal orientation, the particulate trap is located downstream of the flue gas cleaning system rather than upstream of the flue gas cleaning system. This is because, in a horizontal orientation, gravity does not cause heavy particles in the flue gas to fall at the flue system inlet. Rather, the particles fall from the flue gas as the flow is slowed by the flue gas cleaning system.

[0062] II. External Heater Assembly As previously mentioned, some embodiments may include an external heater assembly 300 (referred to herein as an external heater or external heater assembly) positioned at least partially outside the flue, which includes a dosing solution injector 500 that generates steam 172 to aid in the industrial filtration system and a heating element 320 for heating the dosing solution. The external heater assembly 300 may have one or more pressure sensors (e.g., the pressure sensor 620 described above) to ensure that the dosing solution fluid pressure is sufficient to generate mist within the external heater assembly 300. The control panel 800 may detect the solution pressure at the various sensors and adjust the amount of pressure generated by the dosing solution pump. One or more heating elements 320 may be included within the external heater assembly 300 to vaporize the dosing solution. In some embodiments, the heating element 320 may include a coiled resistance heating alloy wire (e.g., a heating coil 320), although this configuration is not limiting. The heating elements 320 of the external heater assemblies 300 may be different sizes or arranged in different configurations to more evenly distribute the dosing solution vapor 172. Having multiple external heater assemblies 300 may be useful because it avoids providing too much heat to the flue and thus preventing filter degradation.

[0063] The external heater assembly 300 may include input and output valves for the dosing solution. This allows for a constant pressure for the dosing solution and a constant density of the steam 172 within the industrial filtration system. A controller (e.g., a component of the control panel 800) may vary the pressure of the dosing solution if the steam 172 becomes too thick or too thin. The controller may also adjust the heat according to data received from the temperature and gas sensors to efficiently lower emissions. In some embodiments, there may be multiple external heater assemblies 300.

[0064] The illustrated embodiment includes a heating element 320 that uses a coiled resistive heating wire, although other configurations (e.g., planar, circular, or square heating elements) are possible. A coiled resistor can be advantageous because it provides a relatively even amount of heat to the flow path of the dosing solution mist as it is converted to vapor 172.

[0065] III. Administration An industrial filtration system according to some embodiments includes a dosing solution supply tank 100 for storing a dosing solution. The dosing solution includes a nitrogen portion and a water portion. In some embodiments, the dosing solution includes a 25-35% w / v nitrogen portion and a 65-75% w / v water portion, a 30-35% w / v nitrogen portion and a 65-70% w / v water portion, or a 30% w / v nitrogen portion and a 70% w / v water portion. The water portion optionally includes 3.0-4.0% w / v salt (e.g., sodium chloride). The salt concentration of the dosing solution varies based on the application. The dosing solution will have a higher salt concentration for larger exhaust systems.

[0066] Preferably, the aqueous portion contains 3.5% w / v salt. In a preferred embodiment, the nitrogen portion contains urea or ammonia. In one embodiment, the dosing solution contains 30-35% w / v urea and 65-70% w / v demineralized water. If the dosing solution contains urea, it preferably contains, for example, 30% w / v ammonia and a 70% aqueous portion containing 3.5% sodium chloride.

[0067] Dosing solution is stored in dosing solution supply tank 100. Dosing solution supply tank 100 is equipped with an alarm system X that monitors the amount of dosing solution in dosing solution supply tank 100. If the amount of dosing solution in dosing solution supply tank 100 is low, alarm system X alerts the user to add more dosing solution to dosing solution supply tank 100. Dosing solution supply tank 100 stores between 1,000 and 5,000 gallons of dosing solution. In typical embodiments, dosing solution supply tank 100 stores 1,000, 2,000, or 5,000 gallons of dosing solution.

[0068] The dosing solution supply tank 100 may include a mixer 106 for mixing the dosing solution. In a preferred embodiment, the means for mixing the dosing solution is a rotation system that rotates the tank. Mixing prevents the nitrogen portion of the dosing solution from separating from the aqueous portion of the dosing solution. The dosing solution supply tank 100 can mix the dosing solution periodically. For example, the dosing solution is mixed for 5 to 10 minutes at intervals of 1 to 5 hours. In a preferred embodiment, the dosing solution supply tank 100 mixes the dosing solution for 10 minutes every hour. That is, the dosing solution is mixed for 10 minutes and not mixed for 50 minutes. The dosing solution can also be mixed at longer intervals of 3 or 5 hours to prevent the nitrogen portion from separating from the aqueous portion of the dosing solution. The frequency of mixing is based on the salt concentration of the dosing solution.

[0069] Dosing solution supply tank 100 is provided with at least one heater to maintain the temperature of the dosing solution inside supply tank 100 at a predetermined temperature. The tank heater maintains the dosing solution inside dosing solution supply tank 100 at a constant temperature. The temperature of dosing solution supply tank 100 is maintained above the freezing point of the dosing solution. Dosing solution supply tank 100 also includes a level indicator 105 connected to control panel 800, which may enable the control panel to generate an alarm if the dosing agent in dosing solution supply tank 100 falls below a predetermined level.

[0070] A dosing tube 600 is connected to the dosing solution supply tank 100. The dosing solution exits the dosing solution supply tank 100 through the dosing tube 600 and into the flue. A pressure sensor 620 is attached to the dosing tube 600 to maintain the pressure of the dosing solution as it travels through the dosing tube. The temperature and pressure are kept constant to keep the dosing solution in a liquid state. In a typical embodiment, the dosing solution travels from the flue to the dosing supply tank. A pressure valve 640 maintains the pressure and flow direction of the dosing solution within the dosing tube 600. For example, when the pressure falls below 60 psi, the dosing solution flows from the flue to the dosing solution supply tank 100. The dosing solution flows directionally from the dosing supply tank to the flue when the pressure is between 60 psi and 120 psi, between 70 psi and 110 psi, between 80 psi and 100 psi, between 90 psi and 100 psi, or between 95 psi and 100 psi. Optionally, dosing solution pump 650 automatically shuts off (such as by using an automatic shut-off system) when the pressure in dosing tube 600 falls below a predetermined level (e.g., 60 psi). Dosing solution pump 650 may be configured to pump the dosing solution at a predetermined flow rate or pressure.

[0071] Dispense tube 600 is connected to at least one injector 500 that is part of or coupled to external heater assembly 300, as further described in FIG. 9 . The dosing solution is then heated by external heater assembly 300. External heater assembly 300 converts the heated dosing solution from a liquid state to vapor 172 by heating the dosing solution to 400-800°C, 450-800°C, 500-700°C, or 600-650°C. External heater assembly 300 is also coupled to a return tube (not shown). The return tube (not shown) may be fitted with at least one pressure valve 640. When the pressure of the dosing solution falls below 60 psi, the dosing solution travels through the return to dispense tube 600 and back to dosing solution supply tank 100.

[0072] The dosing solution enters the flue in a vapor state. The SCR filter 154 helps remove pollutants (e.g., SO2 and NOx). The dosing solution can continuously reduce NOx emissions, even in oxygen-rich environments. The dosing solution uses gaseous ammonia and / or urea as the active NOx reducing agent. Heat in the dosing solution gas causes the dosing solution to decompose into ammonia and hydrocyanic acid (HNCO). These decomposition products enter the SCR filter 154, where the gas-phase ammonia is adsorbed and the cyanic acid is further decomposed on the SCR to gas-phase ammonia. The adsorbed ammonia then participates in the reduction of gas-phase NOx.

[0073] At high temperatures, the urea solution atomizes and dissolves as ammonia and carbon dioxide. The reaction is explained below: (NH2)2CO2 → HNCO+NH3 HNCO+H2O→NH3+CO2 Gaseous ammonia reacts with NOx to form nitrogen and water as shown below. 4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H2O 8NH3+6NO2→7N2+12H2O 4NH3+2NO2+O2→3N2+6H2O

[0074] The SCR filter 154 optionally includes active metal sites for the NOx reduction process. The active metal can be, for example, any metal catalyst. Metal catalysts compatible with the SCR filter 154 in some embodiments include titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, iron, tungsten, tin, manganese, copper, and their oxides. Suitable oxides include VO, MoO, WO, FeO, CuSO, VOSO, SnO, MnO, MnO, and TiO. The catalyst is selected based on the temperature of the SCR filter 154. The SCR filter 154 oxidizes sulfur dioxide (SiO) to sulfur trioxide (SiO). The resulting gas travels upstream within the flue housing 260 and passes through the heater unit 155 and the particulate filter 251.

[0075] 1 further includes a heater unit 155, a combined oxidation and particulate filter 252 (or diesel particulate filter (DPF)) and an SCR filter 254 (which may be the same as 152 and 154). In some embodiments, the flue housing 260 may include openings for removing various filters and other components for cleaning, repair, or replacement. The control panel 800 may detect that emissions results are changing, for example, by detecting higher levels of contamination in the gas sensor 400, and diagnose that one or more of the components needs cleaning or replacement.

[0076] The flue housing 260 is fitted with a magnet unit 160. The magnet unit 160 is optionally insulated from the flue 270 to prevent the magnet unit 160 from overheating. In some configurations, at least one magnet unit (e.g., a configuration having multiple magnet units) is located outside the flue 270. The magnet unit 160 separates particles in the flue chamber, which are filtered from the exhaust gas by at least one particulate filter 251. In a preferred embodiment, the particulate filter 251 is a ceramic filter. Optionally, the flue includes a first heater unit 150, an insulated magnetic plate above the heater, a gas chamber inside the flue positioned above the insulated magnet unit 160, a second insulated magnet above the gas chamber, and a second heater above the second insulated magnet. The flue is optionally fitted with the particulate filter 251. Particulate levels are measured and monitored by the control panel 800 and displayed by the control panel computer and display interface 810.

[0077] Flue 270 may further include one or more heat sensors 450 and gas composition sensors 400 (coupled to control panel 800). Control panel 800 may monitor information received from the sensors and adjust the amount of heat applied by the system to the sensors to ensure efficient emissions control. More sensors may increase the complexity of the system but allow for more efficient control.

[0078] 7 illustrates a system diagram of a computing device that may be integrated into or otherwise associated with a control embodiment including a system of elements for controlling pollution reduction. The computing device 1100 may be integrated into or associated with various system components described herein. As shown in FIG. 7, the physical components (e.g., hardware) of the computing device are illustrated, and these physical components may be used to implement various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0079] The computing device 1100 may include at least one processing unit 1110 and a system memory 1120. The system memory 1120 may include, without limitation, volatile storage (e.g., random access memory), non-volatile storage (e.g., read-only memory), flash memory, or any combination of such memory. The system memory 1120 may also include an operating system 1130 that controls the operation of the computing device 1100 and one or more program modules 1140. The program modules 1140 may be responsible for collecting or determining anticipated contamination, operating conditions, etc. The system memory 1120 may also include storage and / or monitoring software 1150 for monitoring the pollution control system, as described herein. Multiple different program modules and data files (including operating condition information) may be stored in the system memory 1120. While executing on the processing unit 1110, the program modules 1140 may perform the various processes described above.

[0080] Computing device 1100 may have additional features or functionality. For example, computing device 1100 may include additional data storage devices (e.g., removable and / or non-removable storage devices), such as magnetic disks, optical disks, or tape. These additional storage devices are labeled removable storage 1160 and non-removable storage 1170.

[0081] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented on one or more processors including discrete electronic elements, packaged or integrated electronic chips (including logic gates), circuits utilizing a microprocessor, or a single chip including electronic elements or a microprocessor. For example, examples of the present disclosure may be implemented via a system-on-chip (SOC) in which each or many of the components shown in FIG. 7 may be integrated onto a single integrated circuit. Such an SOC device may include one or more processing units, graphics units, communications units, system virtualization units, and various application functions, all integrated (or "burned") onto the chip substrate as a single integrated circuit.

[0082] When operating via a SOC, the functionality described herein may operate via application-specific logic integrated with other components of computing device 1100 on a single integrated circuit (chip). The present disclosure may also be implemented using other technologies (e.g., without limitation, mechanical, optical, fluidic, and quantum technologies) capable of performing logical operations (e.g., AND, OR, NOT, etc.). Furthermore, examples of the present disclosure may be implemented using a computing device associated with or integrated with a flue system and / or in any other circuit or system.

[0083] The computing device 1100 may include one or more communication systems 1180 that control inputs and outputs of pollution control systems, other computing devices 1195, network services, etc. Examples of communication systems 1180 include, without limitation, wireless communication, wired communication, cellular communication, radio frequency (RF) transmitter, receiver, and / or transceiver circuitry, a controller area network (CAN) bus, a universal serial bus (USB), parallel, serial ports, etc.

[0084] Computing device 1100 may also have one or more input devices and / or one or more output devices, shown as input / output devices 1185. These input / output devices 1185 may include keyboards, buttons, switches, sound or voice input devices, haptic devices, touch, force and / or swipe input devices, displays, speakers, etc. These devices are examples and others may be used.

[0085] The computing device 1100 may also include one or more sensors as input devices 1185. The sensors may be used to detect or otherwise provide information regarding the operating state of the computing device 1100. In another example, the sensors may provide information regarding whether a pollution control system is operating and / or being used correctly via a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) (e.g., the sensor sends a signal to the CAN bus indicating whether pollution levels are within specified requirements). As previously mentioned, the sensors may include gas, pressure, and temperature sensors.

[0086] The term computer-readable media as used herein may include computer storage media, which may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information (e.g., computer-readable instructions, data structures, or program modules).

[0087] System memory 1120, removable storage 1160, and non-removable storage 1170 are all examples of computer storage media (e.g., memory storage). Computer storage media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage devices, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other article of manufacture that can be used to store information and that can be accessed by computing device 1100. Any such computer storage media may be part of computing device 1100. Computer storage media does not include carrier waves or other propagated or modulated data signals.

[0088] Communication media may be embodied by computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal (e.g., carrier wave or other transport mechanism) and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" may describe a signal that has one or more characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media may include wired media (e.g., a wired network or direct-wired connection) and wireless media (e.g., acoustic, radio frequency (RF), infrared, and other wireless media).

[0089] Figure 8 illustrates a third perspective view of the horizontal configuration shown in Figures 5-6 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, flue system 505 includes pump 650, external heater assembly 300, flue 802, control panel 800, and control panel computer and display interface 810. Each of these components of flue system 505 is similar to those previously described.

[0090] FIG. 9 illustrates a cutaway perspective view of an external heater assembly according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 9, the external heater assembly 300 includes a dosing solution injector 500, a heating element 320, an extension blade 312, a divider plate 310, and a heater housing 330. The housing can be used to contain the dosing solution and the heat used to convert the dosing solution / agent into vapor before it is dispersed into the SCR reaction chamber by the divider plate 310. Converting the dosing solution / agent into vapor can prevent cracking and burning of the SCR and other components. One or more portions of the heating element 320 can be partially located within the flue housing 260, depending on whether they help create a generally consistent vapor level within the SCR reaction chamber. The coil can be positioned at different orientations, angles, and distances within the flue housing 260 to generate a relatively uniform vapor mist. Additionally, some embodiments can include placing the external heater completely within the flue housing 260. Each of these components is similar to those previously described.

[0091] An advantage of the disclosed system can be a significant reduction in harmful gases and particles compared to conventional techniques. Embodiments can also reduce or eliminate the need for tall chimneys or flues, as emissions are much less dangerous to life.

[0092] Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, throughout the description and claims, the terms "comprise," "comprising," and the like shall be construed in an inclusive sense, i.e., "including, but not limited to," as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense. As used herein, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, mean any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements, where the coupling or connection between the elements may be physical, logical, electromagnetic, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the words "herein," "over," "under," and words of similar import, when used in this application, refer to this application as a whole, not to particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, terms in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural may also include the plural or singular, respectively. The word "or" in connection with a list of two or more items encompasses all of the following interpretations of that word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

[0093] Some implementations of the disclosed technology have been described above with reference to the figures. A computing device capable of implementing the described technology may include one or more central processing units, memory, input devices (e.g., keyboards and pointing devices), output devices (e.g., display devices), storage devices (e.g., disk drives), and network devices (e.g., network interfaces). Memory and storage devices are computer-readable storage media capable of storing instructions that implement at least a portion of the described technology. Additionally, data structures and message structures may be stored or transmitted via data transmission media (e.g., signals over communications links). Various communications links may be used, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, or a point-to-point dial-up connection. Thus, computer-readable media may include computer-readable storage media (e.g., "non-transitory" media) and computer-readable transmission media.

[0094] As used herein, above a threshold means that the value for the item under comparison is above a specified other value, that the item under comparison is among a certain specified number of items with a maximum value, or that the item under comparison has a value within a specified upper percentile. As used herein, below a threshold means that the value for the item under comparison is below a specified other value, that the item under comparison is among a certain specified number of items with a minimum value, or that the item under comparison has a value within a specified lower percentile. As used herein, within a threshold means that the value for the item under comparison is between two other specified values, that the item under comparison is among a specified number of items in the middle, or that the item under comparison has a value within a specified percentage range in the middle.

[0095] As used herein, the term "or" refers to all possible permutations of a set of items. For example, the phrase "A, B, or C" refers to at least one of A, B, and C, or any combination thereof, such as any of the following: A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; A, B, and C; or plurals of any items, such as A and A; B, B, and C; A, A, B, C, and C; etc.

[0096] The foregoing detailed description of examples of the present technology is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present technology to the precise form disclosed above. While specific examples of the present technology are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the present technology. For example, while processes or blocks are shown in a given order, alternative implementations may perform the routine having steps or use the system having blocks in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and / or modified to provide alternative or subcombinations. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are sometimes shown as being performed serially, these processes or blocks may instead be performed or implemented in parallel, or may be performed at different times. Furthermore, any specific numerical values ​​set forth herein are merely exemplary, and alternative implementations may use different values ​​or ranges.

[0097] The teachings of the technology provided herein may be applied to other systems, not necessarily those described above. Elements and acts of the various examples described above may be combined to provide further implementations of the technology. Some alternative implementations of the technology may include additional elements as well as fewer elements than the implementations described above.

[0098] The description and illustrations of one or more aspects provided in this application are not intended to limit or restrict the scope of the claimed disclosure in any way. The aspects, examples, and details provided in this application are believed to be sufficient to convey the invention and enable others to make and use the best mode of the claimed disclosure. The claimed disclosure should not be construed as limited to any aspect, example, or detail provided in this application. Various features (both structural and methodological), whether shown and described in combination or separately, are intended to be selectively rearranged, included, or omitted to produce embodiments having a particular set of features. Given the description and examples provided in this application, those skilled in the art may envision variations, modifications, and alternative aspects that are within the spirit of the broader aspects of the general inventive concept embodied in this application and do not depart from the broader scope of the claimed disclosure.

Claims

1. A flue, one or more external heater assemblies disposed at least partially outside the flue and configured to vaporize a dosing solution, each of the external heater assemblies comprising: Housing and an interface configured to connect the housing to the flue; one or more heating elements disposed within the housing; one or more external heater assemblies, including: one or more dosing solution injectors configured to generate a mist adjacent to the one or more heating elements, the heating elements configured to generate heat to vaporize the mist into a vapor; A partition plate that disperses the steam in the flue; one or more filters disposed within the flue downstream from the one or more external heater assemblies; one or more magnets positioned adjacent to at least one of the one or more filters; one or more internal heaters disposed within the flue adjacent at least one of the one or more filters; a controller configured to control a first voltage applied to the one or more external heater assemblies, a second voltage to the one or more internal heaters, and a pressure applied to the dosing solution to the one or more dosing solution injectors.

2. The flue of claim 1 , further comprising one or more blowers for increasing the flow rate of emissions through the flue.

3. 10. The flue of claim 1, further comprising one or more gas sensors coupled to the controller, the controller configured to vary an input to the single flue in response to data received from the one or more gas sensors.

4. The flue of claim 1 , wherein the external heater assembly further comprises a pressure sensor configured to detect dosing solution fluid pressure in the one or more dosing solution injectors.

5. The flue of claim 1 , wherein the external heater assembly further includes a temperature sensor configured to detect a temperature inside the housing.

6. The flue according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the heating elements is arranged in a spiral shape surrounding the direction in which the mist flows.

7. 10. The flue of claim 1, wherein the external heater assembly further comprises an overflow valve configured to return dosing solution to a pump in the event of a pressure overload, the pump being coupled to a dosing supply tank.

8. The flue of claim 1 , further comprising a communications interface configured to communicate sensor data to the controller.

9. The flue of claim 1 , wherein the external heater assembly further comprises one or more solenoids that control the pressure of the one or more dosing solutions within the injector.

10. The one or more internal heaters include: A ribbon-like filament made of a current-conducting material, a ribbon-like filament bent into a serpentine structure; a porous wall on which the ribbon-shaped filaments are supported; and an electrical terminal capable of applying an electric current to the ribbon-shaped filament.

11. 11. The flue of claim 10, wherein the ribbon-like filaments have major surfaces oriented perpendicular to the plane of the serpentine structure.

12. The flue of claim 10 further comprising a bracket on which the one or more internal heaters are supported.

13. 13. The flue of claim 12 including two internal heaters supported on opposite sides of the bracket.

14. 1. A flue system comprising: The flue and at least one selective catalytic reduction (SCR) agent injector coupled to the flue; at least one heater coupled to the flue; at least one particle filter inside the flue; at least one SCR filter inside the flue; at least one magnet unit coupled to the flue to provide a magnetic field within the flue; at least one temperature sensor coupled to the flue; and at least one gas composition sensor coupled to the flue.

15. 15. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the magnetic field is effective to disturb, slow down, or disturb and slow down flue gases flowing through the flue.

16. 15. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit is located outside the flue.

17. 15. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit is insulated from the flue.

18. 15. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit comprises an electromagnet.

19. 15. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit comprises a permanent magnet.

20. 15. The flue system of claim 14, wherein the at least one magnet unit comprises a plurality of magnet units arranged along a longitudinal axis of the flue, each magnet providing a respective magnetic field within the flue.

21. 15. The flue system of claim 14, further comprising a pump coupled to a dosing supply tank, the pump configured to pump the dosing solution to one or more injectors adjacent the at least one heater.

22. The system further includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to cause the processor to: Detecting the temperature inside the flue; and automatically adjusting the temperature inside the flue based on the detected temperature inside the flue by controlling voltage to one or more heaters.

23. 23. The flue system of claim 22, further comprising a pressure sensor configured to detect pressure within a dosing tube between the pump and the one or more injectors.

24. The memory is configured so that the processor:

24. The flue system of claim 23, further comprising instructions for performing steps including adjusting the pressure output by the pump in response to detecting the pressure within the dosing tube.

25. 24. The flue system of claim 23, further comprising a plurality of heaters.

26. 26. The flue system of claim 25, wherein the multiple heaters are positioned at different offsets relative to the flue to more evenly distribute the dosing solution vapor.

27. 26. The flue system of claim 25, wherein the at least one SCR agent injector is further coupled to one of the plurality of heaters and configured to inject agent adjacent the heater.

28. A selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for mixing a dosing solution vapor with an exhaust gas, comprising: a heater for heating a dosing solution, the dosing solution including a nitrogen portion and a water portion; a first inlet for directing the heated dosing solution into an SCR reaction chamber; a second inlet for introducing the exhaust gas into the SCR reaction chamber, wherein the dosing solution undergoes NOx reduction in the SCR reaction chamber to produce oxidized particles; at least one magnet positioned adjacent to the SCR reaction chamber; at least one SO2 honeycomb, at least one NOx particulate filter, and at least one particulate filter disposed within the SCR reaction chamber, wherein the oxidized particles are removed from the SCR reaction chamber by the at least one magnet, the at least one SO2 honeycomb, the at least one NOx particulate filter, and the at least one particulate filter; a controller coupled to the heater to control an amount of heat added to the dosing solution to generate the dosing solution vapor.

29. 30. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the at least one magnet is insulated.

30. 30. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the SCR reaction chamber further comprises at least one heater.

31. 30. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the SCR reaction chamber is between a first magnet and a second magnet.

32. 32. The SCR system of claim 31, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet are insulated.

33. 32. The SCR system of claim 31 , wherein the first magnet is coupled to a first heater adjacent to the SCR reaction chamber and the second magnet is coupled to a second heater on an opposite side of the SCR reaction chamber from the first heater.

34. 30. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the nitrogen portion of the dosing solution comprises urea or ammonia.

35. 29. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the water portion of the dosing solution comprises 3.0-4.0% w / v salt.

36. 30. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the dosing solution comprises 30% w / v of the nitrogen portion and 70% w / v of the water portion.

37. 29. The SCR system of claim 28, wherein the nitrogen portion of the dosing solution comprises urea or ammonia, the water portion of the dosing solution comprises 3.0-4.0% w / v of a salt, and the dosing solution comprises 30% w / v of the nitrogen portion and 70% w / v of the water portion.

38. 38. The SCR system of claim 37, wherein the water portion comprises 3.5% w / v of the salt.

39. 30. The SCR system of claim 28, further comprising a dosing solution supply tank directing the dosing solution to the SCR reaction chamber.

40. 40. The SCR system of claim 39, wherein the dosing solution supply tank further includes a dosing tube, the dosing tube including at least one pressure sensor and coupled to at least one pump for detecting pressure within the dosing tube.

41. 41. The SCR system of claim 40, wherein the pressure in the dispensing tube is at least 60 psi.

42. 41. The SCR system of claim 40, wherein the at least one pump includes an automatic shut-off system when the pressure in the dispensing tube falls below a predetermined level.

43. 41. The SCR system of claim 40, wherein the dosing solution supply tank includes a mixer for mixing the dosing solution.

44. 30. The SCR system of claim 28, further comprising a controller coupled to the heater to control the amount of heat added to the dosing solution to produce the dosing solution vapor.

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