Perfluoropolyether Polymer

Abstract

The present invention relates to copolymers comprising (per)fluoropolyether chains and functional groups that impart discharge properties to the copolymer itself.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference to related patent applications This application claims priority to European Patent Application No. 23151335.9, filed January 12, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

[0002] The present invention relates to copolymers comprising (per)fluoro-polyether chains and functional groups that confer discharge properties to the copolymer itself. [Background technology]

[0003] (Per)fluoropolyether polymers (hereinafter referred to as "PFPE polymers") have long been known as base oils or as additives in several lubricating applications.

[0004] Several synthetic methods for PFPE polymers have been disclosed in the art. The first synthesis of an unspecified fully fluorinated polyether mixture was reported in 1953, when an oily product was obtained during the photo-oligomerization of hexafluoropropene. Since then, many different fully fluorinated polyethers have been synthesized and described in the literature.

[0005] U.S. Patent No. 4,500,739 (Montedison) discloses the reaction of peroxidized PFPEs with, among other things, perfluorobutadiene (Group II fluoroolefins). Example 4 discloses the reaction of perfluorobutadiene with a large excess of fully fluorinated bisolefins, resulting in pendant unsaturated groups along the polymer chain, so that the reaction can proceed further in the presence of hexamethylenediamine.

[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 8,258,090 (in the name of Solvay Solexis SpA) discloses fluorinated lubricants of the following formula: (I) TO-[AB]z-[A'-B']z'-AT (In the formula, T and T' are C 1~3 Perfluoroalkyl or C 1~6 is alkyl, A and A are perfluoropolyether chains, B is derived from two different olefins, at least one of which has the formula: (Ia)-[(CR1R2-CR3R4) j -(CR5R6-CR7R8) j’ ]- (In the formula, j is 1 to 5, j' is 0 to 4, and the sum of j+j' is 2 to 5, R1 to R8 are halogen, H, C 1~6 (Per)haloalkyl, C 1~6 Alkyl, C 1~6 oxy(per)fluoroalkyl) by a radical route, z is 2 or more, z' is an integer, and the sum of z and z' is such that the number average molecular weight of the polymer of formula (I) is in the range of 500 to 500,000; B' is (Ia), but at least one of R1 to R8 has a different meaning from B).

[0007] This patent discloses block copolymers characterized by a linear backbone without branching: in fact, no branching is obtained within B, which in particular contains (per)fluoropolyether chains.

[0008] PFPE polymers containing functional groups along the backbone have been disclosed in the art and are useful as reactive intermediate compounds and additives.

[0009] Perfluoropolyether polymers obtained from the reaction of polyperoxide perfluoropolyethers with fluorinated olefins in the presence of UV radiation are disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,500,739 (Montedison SpA).

[0010] Multifunctional (per)fluoropolyether polymers are further disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,719,259 (EI DuPont de Nemours and Company), US Pat. No. 4,853,097 (Ausimont Srl), US Pat. No. 5,104,911 (Ausimont Srl).

[0011] US Patent Application Publication No. 2011 / 0230631 (Solvay Solexis SpA) discloses (per)fluoropolyethers comprising at least one (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain containing at least one repeating unit of the formula -CF2-CF(CF2O-SO2F)-O-, where the fluorosulfate group in parentheses is a pendant group which subsequently reacts with a nucleophile to provide functional groups such as carboxylic acid, acyl fluoride, amide, and ester, among others.

[0012] WO 2019 / 048394 (Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy SpA) discloses multifunctional perfluoropolyether derivatives containing a block (having less than "n2") containing multiple ionizable groups selected from the group consisting of -SO3Xa, -PO3Xa, and -COOXa (wherein Xa is H, an ammonium group, or a monovalent metal) and a block (having less than "n1") containing a PFPE chain. Such multifunctional PFPEs are then used as dispersants in the synthesis of TFE-based elastomers. However, this document does not disclose or suggest copolymers containing PFPE chains, multiple ionizable groups, and at least one further block derived from at least one olefin or bisperfluorinated olefin. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The applicant recognizes that lubricants based on PFPE polymers are currently used to lubricate electrical and electronic components, including, for example, electrical connectors. However, the applicant also recognizes that such lubricants are provided in the form of greases and often contain solid particles as thickeners. When thickeners in the form of solid particles are used, stability problems can arise, for example, separation of the solid particles can be observed.

[0014] Starting from this problem, the applicant faced the problem of developing a lubricant that could be used to lubricate electrical and electronic components without the need to add solid particles to the formulation.

[0015] In addition to the above, the applicant was also faced with the problem of developing a lubricant that could be used to lubricate electrical and electronic components with the aim of reducing electrostatic discharges that may occur in electrical and electronic equipment.

[0016] Surprisingly, applicants have developed copolymers that can be used as oils for such applications that exhibit inherent reduced electrical resistivity without the need for added conductive additives.

[0017] Furthermore, such copolymers can be used as oils without the need to add thickeners in the form of solid particles, thus simplifying the manufacturing process and its storage. Also, no compatibility problems with additives occurred, and no phase separation occurred.

[0018] Advantageously, copolymers according to the present invention also exhibited low to zero weight loss when used at elevated temperatures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] For purposes of this description and the claims that follow: - the use of parentheses around symbols or numbers identifying formulae, such as in expressions like "polymer (P)", has the sole purpose of better distinguishing the symbols or numbers from the rest of the text, and therefore said parentheses may be omitted; - the acronym "PFPE" stands for "(per)fluoropolyether" and, when used as a noun, is intended to mean either the singular or the plural, depending on the context; The term "functionality number (F)" is intended to indicate the amount of functional groups in the copolymer according to the invention, as determined by NMR or titration.

[0020] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a block copolymer [copolymer (P)] comprising first and second perfluoropolyether chains [PFPE chains] each having two chain ends, wherein: The first chain end of each of the first and second PFPE chains is a chain end of the copolymer (P), each of which is a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)O. - M + and M + is at least one inorganic metal salt or at least one organic group selected from preferably ammonium or phosphonium, The second chain ends of the first and second PFPE chains are Formula (I): -[CR 100 R 101 -CR 102 R 103 ] L^ -(D) L - (I) at least one first block [block (1)] according to (In the formula, L^ is 0 or an integer from 1 to 250, R 100 , R 101 , R 102 and R 103are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, more preferably a fluorine or chlorine atom, a linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -OR 200 are independently selected from R 200 is a linear or branched fully fluorinated chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a group of formula -CF2OR 201 is a group of R 201 is a fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen ether atoms; or R 100 and R 101 One of the two and R 102 and R 103 is a fluorine atom, and R 100 and R 101 The other and R 102 and R 103 together form a perhalogenated ring having 4 to 6 members, optionally containing a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, L is 0 or an integer from 1 to 250, D is a compound of the formula -(CR 100* R 101* -CR 102* R 103* )-, where R 100* , R 101* R 102* and R 103* At least one of the 100 , R 101 , R 102 , and R 103 Therefore, (D) is different from -[CR 100 R 101 -CR 102 R 103 ] L^ -Unlike, However, if L̂ and L are both different from 0, the repeat units are statistically distributed. -Formula (II): [ka] at least one second block [block (2)] according to (In the formula, m is an integer from 1 to 5; R5 to R8 are each independently selected from -F, a fully fluorinated straight or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a group represented by formula (III): (III)-R 20 -(X) y and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: (In the formula, R 20 is a sigma bond or a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl chain containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably containing and / or interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; X is [ka] an anionic functional group selected from each salified with at least one inorganic metal salt or with at least one organic group preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium; y is an integer of 1 or 2, However, in formula (II), at least one, preferably one of R5 to R8 is a group of formula (III), -Formula (IV): [ka] at least one third block [block (3)] according to (In the formula, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3, R1 to R4 each independently represent a fluorine atom, a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (V): (V) -(R 10 ) t [C(R 11 )(R 12 )-C(R 13 )(R 14 )(R 15 )] z and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, R 10 is an oxygen atom or a divalent / trivalent / tetravalent fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; t is zero or one, z is an integer from 1 to 3, R 11 ~R 15 are each independently a fluorine atom, a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), and a group of formula (VI): -[(A) a -(B) b -(E) c -(F) f ] u -(A)-T (VI) and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, u is 0 or an integer of 1 to 50, T is a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)O - M + and M + is at least one inorganic metal salt or at least one organic group selected from preferably ammonium or phosphonium, a is 0 or 1, each A is independently a PFPE chain; b is zero or an integer from 1 to 3; B is a compound of formula (IV*): -[C(R 1^ )(R 2^ )-C(R 3^ )(R 4^ )]- (IV*) block, During the ceremony, R 1^ ~R 4^ each independently has the meaning defined above for each of R1 to R4, c is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50, E is a group represented by the formula (I*): -[CR 100^ R 101^ -CR 102^ R 103^ ] e^ -(D*) e* - (I*) block, During the ceremony, e^ has the same meaning as provided above for L^; R 100^ R 101^ , R 102^ , and R 103^ Each of these is R 100 , R 101 , R 102 and R 103 has the same meaning as provided above with respect to e* has the same meaning as provided above for L; D* has the same meaning as provided above for D; However, if e^ and e* are both different from 0, the repeat units are statistically distributed, f is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2; F is a group represented by the formula (II*): -[C(R 5^ )(R 6^ )-C(R 7^ )(R 8^ )]- (II*) block, During the ceremony, R 5^ ~R 8^ each independently have the meaning provided above for each of R5 to R8, however, In the above formula (IV), at least one of R1 to R4 is a group of formula (V), In the above formula (IV*), R 1^ ~R 4^ at least one of is a group of formula (V) In the above formula (V), R 11 or R 12 One of and R 13~R 15 one of which is a group of formula (VI) In the above formula (VI), when a, b, c and f are all different from 0, the repeating units (A), (B), (E) and (F) are statistically distributed), and, optionally linked to each other via at least one fourth block [block (4)] comprising a PFPE chain; However, in the copolymer (P): - at least one of L, L or n is different from 0; the sum of -(m+f) is at least 1, preferably 1 to 100; - said at least one block (1), said at least one block (2), said at least one block (3), and, if present, said at least one block (4), are statistically distributed.

[0021] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the first chain ends of the first and second PFPE chains correspond to the two chain ends of the copolymer (P).

[0022] Preferably, in the copolymer (P), each of the aforementioned PFPE chains is a fully fluorinated chain [chain (R f )], wherein said repeat units are independently selected from the group consisting of: (i) -CFXO- (wherein X is -F or -CF3), (ii) -CF₂C₂X₅O₂-, where X is the same or different in each occurrence and is -F or -CF₃, provided that at least one X is -F; (iii) -CF2CF2CF2O-, (iv) -CF2CF2CF2CF2O-, (v)-(CF2) j -CFZ-O- (wherein j is an integer of 0 to 3, and Z is a group represented by the general formula -OR (f-a) -T is a group, and R (f-a)is a fluoropolyoxyalkene chain containing 0 to 10 repeating units, said repeating units being selected from the following: -CFXO-, -CF2CFXO-, -CF2CF2CF2O-, -CF2CF2CF2CF2O-, each X is independently -F or -CF3, and T is a C1 to C3 perfluoroalkylalkyl chain.

[0023] Preferably, the chain (R f ) follows the formula: (R f -I) -[(CFX 1 O) g1 (CFX 2 CFX 3 O) g2 (CF2CF2CF2O) g3 (CF2CF2CF2CF2O) g4 ]- (In the formula, -X 1 is independently selected from -F and -CF3; -X 2 , X 3 are the same or different from each other at each occurrence and are independently -F, -CF3, provided that at least one of X is -F; - g1, g2, g3, and g4 are identical or different and independently represent integers greater than or equal to 0, whereby g1+g2+g3+g4 is in the range of 2 to 300, preferably 2 to 100, and when at least two of g1, g2, g3, and g4 are different from zero, the different repeat units are generally statistically distributed along the chain.

[0024] More preferably, the chain (R f ) is the expression: (R f -IIA) -[(CF2CF2O) a1 (CF2O) a2 ]- (In the formula, a1 and a2 are independently an integer greater than or equal to 0, so that the number average molecular weight is between 400 and 100,000, preferably between 400 and 50,000, both a1 and a2 being preferably different from 0, and the ratio a1 / a2 being preferably comprised between 0.1 and 10; (R f -IIB) -[(CF2CF2O) b1 (CF2O) b2 (CF(CF3)O) b3 (CF2CF(CF3)O) b4 ]- (In the formula, b1, b2, b3, and b4 are independently an integer of 0 or more, whereby the number average molecular weight is 400 to 100,000, preferably 400 to 50,000, and preferably each of b1, b2, b3, and b4 is greater than 0; (R f -IIC) -[(CF2CF2O) c1 (CF2O) c2 (CF2(CF2) cw CF2O) c3 ]- (In the formula, cw=1 or 2, c1, c2 and c3 are independently selected to be integers greater than or equal to 0, so that the number average molecular weight is between 400 and 100,000, preferably between 400 and 50,000, and preferably selected from chains in which c1, c2 and c3 are all greater than 0 and the ratio c3 / (c1+c2) is generally less than 0.2.

[0025] Even more preferably, the chain (R f ) is herein represented by the following formula (R f -III): (R f -III) -[(CF2CF2O) a1 (CF2O) a2 ]- (In the formula, - a1 and a2 are integers greater than 0, whereby the number average molecular weight is 400 to 100,000, preferably 400 to 50,000, and the ratio a1 / a2 is generally 0.1 to 10, more preferably 0.2 to 5).

[0026] According to one embodiment, in block (1), at least one of L̂ and L, preferably both L̂ and L, is different from zero.

[0027] Preferably, R 100 , R 101 , R 102 and R 103 are each independently a halogen atom such as a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.

[0028] Preferably, in block (2), m is an integer of 1 to 2.

[0029] Preferably, in block (2), at least one of R5 to R8 is a group of formula (V).

[0030] Preferably, in block (2), R 20 is a sigma bond or a bond of the formula (R 20 -i)~(R 20 -iv) is a group selected from: (R 20 -i) -(CF2) s1 -O-(CF2) s2 - (wherein s1 and s2 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3), (R 20 -ii) -O-(CF2) s3 - (wherein s3 is an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 5), (R 20 -iii) -OR 400 -OR 401 - (In the formula, R400 is a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain according to the formula -CF-, -CFCF-, -CFCFCF-, -CFCF(CF)-, R401 is a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain according to the formula -CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CF(CF3)-, (R 20 -iv) [ka] (In the formula, R 500 is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; R 501 is an expression -OR 503 is a chain of R 503 is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R 502 is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; R 501 and R 502 each of which binds a group X as defined above).

[0031] Preferably, in block (3) and formula (V), R 10 follows one of the following formulas: (R 10 -i) -(CF2) d (O) e (CF2O) f R CF (O) e* (CF2) d* (CF2O) f* (In the formula, each of d, d*, e, e*, f, and f* is independently zero or one; R CF is a perfluoroalkyl chain containing 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 8, carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms; (R 10 -ii) -O-(C3F6O) h -(CF2) i -(C3F6O) j -O- (wherein h=j, h+j is 2 to 6, and i is 2 to 6).

[0032] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of the copolymer (P) defined above [Process (P)].

[0033] The process according to the present invention can be easily scaled up from laboratory scale to pilot scale and industrial scale.

[0034] Advantageously, the copolymer (P) of the invention can be prepared by at least the following steps: (a) at least one perfluoropolyether polymer [PFPE-peroxy] containing at least one peroxide group, -Formula (Xp): [ka] (In the formula, R 21 ~R 23 each is independently -F or a fully fluorinated straight or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 20 and y is as defined above in formula (III), X is (Xa), groups of the formula: -OP(=O)(OH)2, -OS(=O)2OH, -S(=O)2OH, (Xb), at least one fully fluorinated compound of formula -S(=O)F, and at least one of the following: at least one compound [compound (O)] comprising, preferably selected from the group consisting of: (i) hydrogenated olefins containing 2 to 15 carbon atoms, partially or fully halogenated olefins containing 2 to 15 carbon atoms; (ii) CF2 = CFOR f (In the formula, R f is a C1-C6 (per)fluoroalkyl group, preferably -CF3, -C2F5, -C3F7, and a group C1-C containing a catenary oxygen atom 12 [(per)fluoro]-oxyalkyl, preferably perfluoro-2-propoxypropyl group), (iii) CF2 = CFOCF2OR f2 (In the formula, R f2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 perfluoro-alkyl, C5-C6 cyclic perfluoro-alkyl, and C2-C6 perfluoro-oxy-alkyl, containing at least one catenary oxygen atom, preferably R f2 is -CF2CF3, -CF2CF2OCF3, or -CF3), (iv)CF2=CFCF2OR f7 (In the formula, R f7 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 perfluoro-alkyl, C5-C6 cyclic perfluoro-alkyl, and C2-C6 perfluoro-oxy-alkyl, each containing at least one catenary oxygen atom; (v) Formula: [ka] (In the formula, R f3 , R f4 , R f5 , R f6each of which may be the same or different from one another and independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl groups, in particular -CF3, -C2F5, -C3F7, -OCF3, OCF2CF2OCF3, etc., containing a fluorine atom and optionally one or more oxygen atoms, and / or -Formula (XX-p): [ka] (In the formula, R 21 ~R 23 each of which is as defined above in formula (Xp), R 31 ~R 33 each is independently —F or a fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 10 is an oxygen atom or a fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; t is zero or one, wherein each of z* and z** is independently 1 or 2; (b) reacting said PFPE peroxy, said at least one compound of formula (Xp), optionally said at least one compound of formula (XX-p), and optionally at least one compound (O), in the presence of UV radiation or under heating; In the above formula (Xp), X is (Xa), a group of formula: -OP(=O)(OH)2, -OS(=O)2OH, -S(=O)2OH, a step (c1) of salifying such a group with at least one compound containing an inorganic metal, ammonium or phosphonium group, *In the above formula (Xp), X is (Xb), a group -S(=O)2F, which upon hydrolysis becomes a group -S(=O)2O - and step (c2) of providing:

[0035] In step (a), the order in which the reactants are added is not limited. Thus, the PFPE peroxy, the compound of formula (Xp), and, if used, both or either, or the compound of formula (XX-p) and at least one compound (O) can be added to the reaction environment in any order.

[0036] Prior to step (a), the PFPE peroxides can be subjected to partial reduction of the peroxide bonds, for example by chemical reduction or UV treatment or heat treatment.

[0037] Preferably, the PFPE peroxy is a peroxide perfluoropolyether polymer having two chain ends each containing a group selected from a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)F, wherein the two chain ends comprise, or preferably consist of, a perfluoropolyether chain [chain (R f )] and has a peroxide content (PO), defined as grams of active oxygen (Mw=16) in 100 g of PFPE peroxide, of 0.1 to 4, preferably 0.1 to 3.5.

[0038] Preferably, in the above-mentioned PFPE peroxy, the chain (R f ) conforms to the formula (Rf-I), or (Rf-IIA), (Rf-IIB), (Rf-IIC), or (Rf-III), as defined above.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, step (a) of the process of the invention is carried out with at least one compound (O).

[0040] Preferably, said at least one compound (O) is (i) It is preferably selected from the group consisting of fully halogenated olefins containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE). TFE and HFP are particularly preferred.

[0041] When two or more compounds (O) are used, preferably the first compound (O) is selected from those defined in (i) above and the second compound (O) is selected in the group including, more preferably consisting of: (ii) CF2 = CFOR f (In the formula, R f is a C1-C6 (per)fluoroalkyl group, preferably -CF3, -C2F5, -C3F7, and is a group C1-C 12 [(per)fluoro]-oxyalkyl, preferably perfluoro-2-propoxypropyl group), (iii) CF2 = CFOCF2OR f2 (In the formula, R f2 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 perfluoro-alkyl, C5-C6 cyclic perfluoro-alkyl, and C2-C6 perfluoro-oxy-alkyl, containing at least one catenary oxygen atom, preferably R f2 is CF2CF3, -CF2CF2OCF3, or -CF3), (iv)CF2=CFCF2OR f7 (In the formula, R f7 is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 perfluoro-alkyl, C5-C6 cyclic perfluoro-alkyl, and C2-C6 perfluoro-oxy-alkyl, each containing at least one catenary oxygen atom; (v) Formula: [ka] (In the formula, R f3 , R f4 , R f5 , R f6 are the same or different from one another and are independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl groups, particularly -CF3, -C2F5, -C3F7, -OCF3, -OCF2CF2OCF3, etc., which optionally contain a fluorine atom and one or more oxygen atoms.

[0042] Preferably, in at least one compound of formula (Xp) above, R 21 , R 22 and R 23 Each of the is -F.

[0043] Preferably, in the above compound (Xp), R 20 is a sigma bond or a bond of the formula (R 20 -i)~(R 20 -iv) is a group selected from: (R 20 -i) -(CF2) s1 -O-(CF2) s2 - (wherein s1 and s2 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3), (R 20 -ii) -O-(CF2) s3 - (wherein s3 is an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 5), (R 20 -iii) -OR 400 -OR 401 - (In the formula, R 400 is a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain according to the formula -CF-, -CFCF-, -CFCFCF-, -CFCF(CF)-, R401 is a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain according to the formula -CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CF(CF2)-, (R 20 -iv) [ka] (In the formula, R 500 is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; R 501 is an expression -OR 503 is a chain of R 503 is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R 502 is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; R 501 and R 502 each of which binds a group X as defined above).

[0044] Preferably, said at least one compound of formula (Xp) is selected in the group comprising, more preferably consisting of: CF2=CFCF2OCF2CF2OP(=O)(OH)2 CF2=CFOCF2CF2O / P(=O)(OH)2 CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO3H CF2=CFSO3H CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F CF2=CFSO2F CF2=CFOCF2CF(SO2F)2 CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF2OCF2CF2SO2F)(OCF2CF2SO2F) CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF2CF2SO2F)(OCF2CF2SO2F) CF2=CFOCF2OCF2CF(CF2OCF2CF2SO2F)(SO2F).

[0045] Some exemplary compounds of formula (Xp) and their preparation are provided in WO 03 / 106515 (Daikin Ind.), JP 2017-025242 A (ASAHI GLASS CO., LTD.), and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 138685 (AGC Inc.).

[0046] Preferably, in the aforementioned compounds of formula (XX-p), when t is 1, 1, 2, 3, or 4 unsaturated moieties are R 10 are bonded to the same or different atoms, preferably carbon atoms, belonging to

[0047] Preferably, said at least one compound of formula (XX-p) conforms to the following formula: CF2=CF(R 10 ) t CF=CF2 (wherein t is 0 or 1, and R 10 follows one of the following formulas): (R 10 -i) -(CF2) d (O) e (CF2O) f R CF (O) e* (CF2) d* (CF2O) f* (In the formula, each of d, d*, e, e*, f, and f* is independently zero or one; R CF is a perfluoroalkyl chain containing 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 8, carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms; (R 10 -ii) -O-(C3F6O) h -(CF2) i -(C3F6O) j -O- (wherein h=j, h+j is 2 to 6, and i is 2 to 6).

[0048] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the aforementioned at least one compound of formula (XX-p) conforms to the following formula: CF2=CF(R 10 ) t CF=CF2 (wherein t is 1, R 10 is the expression: (R 10 -i) -(CF2) d (O) e (CF2O) f R CF (O) e* (CF2) d* (CF2O) f* In accordance with the formula: d, f, d* and f* are zero; e and e* are 1, R CF is a linear perfluoroalkyl chain containing 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, carbon atoms).

[0049] Preferably, the aforementioned compound of formula (XX-p) is selected from the group comprising, more preferably consisting of: CF2=CFCF=CF2 CF2=CFOCF=CF2 CF2=CFCF2OCF2CF=CF2 CF2=CFO-(CF2)3CF=CF2 CF2=CFCF2O(CF2)3OCF2-CF=CF2 CF2=CFCF2CF=CF2 CF2=CF(CF2)2CF=CF2 CF2=CF(CF2)3CF=CF2 CF2=CF(CF2)4CF=CF2 CF2=CFOCF2OCF=CF2 CF2=CFO(CF2)2OCF=CF2 CF2=CFO(CF2)3OCF=CF2 CF2=CFO(CF2)4OCF=CF2 CF2=CF(CF2)2OCF=CF2 CF2=CF(CF2)3OCF=CF2 CF2=CF(CF2)4OCF=CF2 CF2=CFCF2O(CF2)2OCF2O-CF=CF2 CF2=CFCF2O(CF2)3OCF2O-CF=CF2 CF2=CFCF2O(CF2)4OCF2OCF=CF2 CF2=CFCF2O(CF2)6OCF2CF=CF2 CF2=CFO-CF2O-(CF2)2O-CF2O-CF=CF2 CF2=CFO-CF2O-(CF2)3O-CF2O-CF=CF2 CF2=CFO-CF2O-(CF2)4O-CF2O-CF=CF2 CF2=CFO-(CF2O)6-CF=CF2 CF2=CFO-(CF2CF2O)2-CF=CF2 CF2=CFO-(CF2CF2O)2-CF2OCF=CF2 CF2=CFO(C3F6O) h -(CF2) i -(C3F6O) j -OCF=CF2 (wherein h and j are the same, The sum of these is 2 to 6, and i is 2 to 6).

[0050] The amount of each of the aforementioned at least one compound (Xp), and, if used, the compound (XX-p) and / or the at least one compound (O), is not limited. As explained above, the amount of each of the aforementioned compounds can be advantageously selected based on both the amount of PFPE peroxy and its peroxide content, and the properties desired in the final copolymer (P).

[0051] For example, the ratio of the double bond equivalents of the compound (Xp) to the peroxide group equivalents is preferably in the range of 1:100 to 5000:100, and the ratio of the double bond equivalents of the compound (XX-p) to the peroxide group equivalents is preferably in the range of 1:100 to 100:100.

[0052] Step (a) of process (P) can be advantageously carried out by contacting the aforementioned PFPE peroxy with a compound of one of formula (Xp).

[0053] Alternatively, the above step (a) can be carried out by contacting the above PFPE peroxy with two or more compounds of formula (Xp).

[0054] Steps (a) and (b) may be carried out in the presence of a fluorinated solvent.

[0055] Preferably, said fluorinated solvent is selected in the group comprising perfluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluoropolyethers, hydrofluoropolyethers.

[0056] Preferably, step (b) is carried out in the presence of UV radiation for a period of 2 to 150 hours, more preferably 5 to 100 hours.

[0057] Preferably, step (b) is carried out at a temperature between −60° C. and +150° C., more preferably between −20° C. and +100° C., even more preferably between 0° C. and 60° C., in the presence of UV radiation.

[0058] Alternatively, step (b) can be carried out under heat treatment, preferably by heating at a temperature of 150°C to 250°C.

[0059] Preferably, the above step (b) is carried out in an inert atmosphere.

[0060] Optionally, after step (b) and before step (c1) or (c2), a fluorination step can be carried out, which makes it possible to neutralize the end groups -COF at the chain ends of the PFPE peroxy.

[0061] Preferably, the aforementioned step (c1) of salification is carried out with at least one inorganic metal salt, preferably an alkali metal.

[0062] More preferably, said alkali metal is selected in the group consisting of sodium, potassium, cesium, lithium, magnesium and calcium.

[0063] Preferably, the aforementioned step (c2) of hydrolysis is carried out in the presence of an alkaline compound.

[0064] Such a step (c2) of hydrolysis results in the formation of the group -S(=O)O salified with at least one inorganic metal salt. - It becomes possible to obtain

[0065] For example, such a process can be carried out using a metal hydroxide, such as an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

[0066] Preferably, such step (c2) is carried out at 20 to 100°C.

[0067] Preferably, such step (c2) is carried out for a period of 1 hour to 10 hours.

[0068] The copolymer (P) obtained at the end of step (c2) can be further reacted to obtain organic salts with compounds containing ammonium or phosphonium groups.

[0069] Preferably, the compound containing an ammonium group has the formula: N + H(R 21 )(R 22 )(R 23 )in accordance with, In the formula, R 21 , R 22 , R 23 each of which is a straight or branched C1-C alkyl group optionally containing at least one heteroatom, preferably —O— 20 aliphatic chains or R 21 , R 22 , R 23 two of which together form a 5- or 6-membered aliphatic or aromatic ring, said ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom and / or optionally substituted by at least one linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally containing at least one heteroatom preferably selected from -O- and -N-; R 21 , R 22 , R 23 The third of these is as specified above.

[0070] More preferably, said compound containing an ammonium group is selected from triethanolammonium, triethylammonium, pyridinium, trimethylammonium, tributylammonium, 1-methylimidazolium, di(ethyl)cyclohexyl-ammonium, benzimidazolium, 1-benzylimidazolium.

[0071] Preferably, the compound containing a phosphonium group has the formula: P + H(R 211 )(R 221 )(R 231 )in accordance with, In the formula, R 211 , R 221 , R 231 each of which is a linear or branched C1-C optionally containing at least one heteroatom, preferably —O— 20 aliphatic chains or R 211 , R 221 , R 231two of which together form a 5- or 6-membered aliphatic or aromatic ring, said ring optionally containing at least one heteroatom and / or optionally substituted by at least one linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally containing at least one heteroatom preferably selected from O and N, R 211 , R 221 , R 231 The third of these is as specified above.

[0072] More preferably, said compound comprising an organic phosphonium salt is selected from triethylphosphine, tripropylphosphine, tributylphosphine, triethylphosphine, trioctylphosphine.

[0073] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a copolymer (P) obtainable via the process (P) described above.

[0074] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for lubricating at least one element in an electrical, electronic or mechanical device, said method comprising the step of applying to such element at least one copolymer (P) and / or at least one block copolymer [copolymer (P°)] as defined above, said copolymer (P°) comprising first and second perfluoropolyether chains [PFPE chains] each having two chain ends, The first chain end of each of the first and second PFPE chains is a chain end of the copolymer (P°), each of which is a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)O. - M + and M + is at least one inorganic metal salt or at least one organic group selected from preferably ammonium or phosphonium, The second chain ends of the first and second PFPE chains are Formula (I): -[CR 100 R 101 -CR102 R 103 ] L^ -(D) L - at least one first block [block (1)] according to (I), During the ceremony, L^ is 0 or an integer from 1 to 250, R 100 , R 101 , R 102 and R 103 are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, more preferably a fluorine or chlorine atom, a linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -OR 200 are independently selected from R 200 is a linear or branched fully fluorinated chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a group of formula -CF2OR 201 is a group of R 201 is a fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen ether atoms; or R 100 and R 101 One of the two and R 102 and R 103 is a fluorine atom, and R 100 and R 101 The other and R 102 and R 103 together form a perhalogenated ring having 4 to 6 members, optionally containing a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, L is 0 or an integer from 1 to 250, D is a compound of the formula -(CR 100* R 101* -CR 102* R 103* )-, where R 100* , R 101* R 102* and R 103* At least one of the 100 , R 101 , R 102 , and R 103 Therefore, (D) is different from -[CR 100 R 101 -CR 102 R 103 ] L^-Unlike, However, if L̂ and L are both different from 0, the repeat units are statistically distributed. -Formula (II): [ka] at least one second block [block (2)] according to During the ceremony, m is an integer from 1 to 5; R5 to R8 are each independently selected from -F, a fully fluorinated straight or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a group represented by formula (III): (III)-R 20 -(X) y and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, R 20 is a sigma bond or a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl chain containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably containing and / or interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; X is -C(=O)O-, [ka] an anionic functional group selected from each salified with at least one inorganic metal salt or with at least one organic group preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium; y is an integer of 1 or 2, However, in formula (II), at least one, preferably one of R5 to R8 is a group of formula (III): -Formula (IV): [ka] at least one third block [block (3)] according to During the ceremony, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3, R1 to R4 each independently represent a fluorine atom, a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a group represented by formula (V): (V) -(R 10 ) t [C(R 11 )(R 12 )-C(R 13 )(R 14 )(R 15 )] z and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, R 10 is an oxygen atom or a divalent / trivalent / tetravalent fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; t is zero or one, z is an integer from 1 to 3, R 11 ~R 15 are each independently a fluorine atom, a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a group represented by formula (VI): -[(A) a -(B) b -(E) c -(F) f ] u -(A)-T (VI) groups, preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, u is 0 or an integer of 1 to 50, T is a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)O - M + and M + is at least one inorganic metal salt or at least one organic group selected from preferably ammonium or phosphonium, a is 0 or 1, each A is independently a PFPE chain; b is zero or an integer from 1 to 3; B is a compound of formula (IV*): -[C(R 1^)(R 2^ )-C(R 3^ )(R 4^ )]- (IV*) block, During the ceremony, R 1^ ~R 4^ each independently has the meaning defined above for each of R1 to R4, c is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50, E is a group represented by the formula (I*): -[CR 100^ R 101^ -CR 102^ R 103^ ] e^ -(D*) e* - (I*) block, During the ceremony, e^ has the same meaning as provided above for L^; R 100^ R 101^ , R 102^ , and R 103^ Each of these is R 100 , R 101 , R 102 and R 103 has the same meaning as provided above with respect to e* has the same meaning as provided above for L; D* has the same meaning as provided above for D; However, if e^ and e* are both different from 0, the repeat units are statistically distributed, f is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2; F is a group represented by the formula (II*): -[C(R 5^ )(R 6^ )-C(R 7^ )(R 8^ )]- (II*) block, During the ceremony, R 5^ ~R 8^ each independently have the meaning provided above for each of R5 to R8, however, In the above formula (IV), at least one of R1 to R4 is a group of formula (V), In the above formula (IV*), R 1^ ~R 4^ at least one of is a group of formula (V) In the above formula (V), R 11 or R 12 One of and R 13 ~R 15 one of which is a group of formula (VI) In the above formula (VI), when a, b, c and f are all different from 0, the repeating units (A), (B), (E) and (F) are statistically distributed; and, optionally linked to each other via at least one fourth block [block (4)] comprising a PFPE chain; However, in the copolymer (P): the sum of -(m+f) is at least 1, preferably 1 to 100; If present, the at least one block (1), the at least one block (2), the at least one block (3), and the at least one block (4) are statistically distributed.

[0075] Preferably, the PFPE chains of the copolymer (P°) are as defined above for the copolymer (P).

[0076] Preferably, block (1) of the copolymer (P°) is as defined above for the copolymer (P).

[0077] Preferably, the block (3) of the copolymer (P°) is as defined above for the copolymer (P).

[0078] Preferably, m, R5 to R8, and R in block (2) of the copolymer (P°) 20 Each of these has the same meaning as defined above for the copolymer (P).

[0079] Preferably, X of block (2) of the copolymer (P°) is -C(=O)O - , [ka] is selected from Each is salified with at least one inorganic metal salt or with at least one organic group preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium, as defined above for the copolymer (P).

[0080] Advantageously, X is of formula [ka] is an anionic group of The copolymer (P°) is prepared via a process [Process (P)°], said Process (P°) comprising the same steps (a), (b) and (c1) or (c2) as defined for Process (P).

[0081] Advantageously, X is of formula -C(=O)O - In the case where the anionic group is: at least one perfluoropolyether polymer [PFPEperoxy] containing at least one peroxide group, -Formula (Xp): [ka] (In the formula, R 21 ~R 23 each is independently -F or a fully fluorinated straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 20 and y is as defined above in formula (III), X is prepared via a process (P°°) comprising contacting at least one fully fluorinated compound of formula (Xc), selected from groups of formula: -COF, -C(=O)OH, or -CN.

[0082] According to this embodiment, the process (P°) of the invention comprises, after step (b), at least one of the following steps: (c°-3) hydrolysis of the group -COF to provide the group -COOH, followed by salification of said group -COOH to form the group -COO as defined above; - providing (c°-4) the aforementioned group -COOH is salified to form the group -COO defined above. - or (c°-5) hydrolysis of the group -CN to form the group -COO as defined above; - providing a

[0083] Preferably, according to this embodiment, said at least one compound (Xp) is selected in the group comprising, more preferably consisting of: CF2=CFCF2OCF2CF2COOH CF2=CFOCF2COOH CF2=CFO(CF2)5COOH CF2=CFOCF2CF2OCF2COOH CF2=CFCF2CF2COOH CF2=CFCF2OCF2CF2COF CF2=CFOCF2COF CF2 = CFO(CF2)3OCF(CF3)COF CF2=CFO(CF2)5COF CF2=CFOCF2CF(CF3)OCF2CF2CN CF2=CFOCF2CN CF2=CFO(CF2)5CN CF2 = CFO(CF2)3OCF(CF3)CN CF2 = CFCF2OCF2CF2CN.

[0084] The copolymers (P) and (P°), respectively, according to the invention are advantageously used to lubricate electrical and electronic components, in particular with the aim of reducing electrostatic discharges which may occur in electrical and electronic equipment.

[0085] For this application, the elements in the electrical, electronic or mechanical devices lubricated with the copolymer (P) or copolymer (P°) according to the invention are preferably selected from electrical connectors, sensors, switchgear, circuit breakers, battery terminals or ball bearings.

[0086] If the disclosure of any patents, patent applications, and publications incorporated herein by reference contradicts the description of this application to the extent that the term may be unclear, the present description shall control.

[0087] The present invention is exemplified herein below in more detail by the examples contained in the experimental section below, which are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way.

[0088] Experimental section material Peroxide perfluoropolyether oil was obtained from Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy SpA and had the formula: XO-(CF2CF2O) a1 (CF2O) a2 (O) h -X' (In the formula, X and X' are -CF3, -CF2COF), and have the following properties: Mn = 31 990 g / mol, PO = 1.61%, a1 / a2 = 1.0.

[0089] Perfluorinated solvents, Galden® HT200, Galden SV70, and Fomblin® HV25 (high viscosity neutral PFPE) and perfluorinated sulfonyl vinyl ether (VEFS) CF═CFOCFCFSOF were obtained from Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy SpA.

[0090] Sodium hydroxide (powder, 97%), hydrochloric acid 37% (aqueous solution), triethylamine (≥99.5%), and 1-butylimidazole (98%) were supplied by Sigma Aldrich and used as received.

[0091] method: 19 Works for F nuclides 19 F-NMR-Varian Mercury 300 MHz spectrometer was used to obtain the structure, molecular weight, and chain end composition of perfluoropolyether oils. 19 F-NMR spectra were obtained on pure samples using CFCl3 as an internal standard.

[0092] The peroxide content (PO) is expressed as grams of peroxide oxygen per 100 g of polymer. Analysis of the peroxide content was performed by iodometric titration using a Mettler DL40 device equipped with a platinum electrode. The sensitivity limit for PO measurement was 0.0002%.

[0093] GPC analyses were performed on a Waters GPC equipped with an RI detector and operated at 35° C. All average molecular weight results are reported relative to a perfluoropolyether linear neutral internal standard.

[0094] Preparation of PFPE copolymer with 1-VEFS A 1500 mL stirred cylindrical photochemical reactor equipped with a high-pressure mercury lamp (Model HANAU TQ150), thermocouple, condenser, and mechanical stirrer was charged with 320.7 g of the peroxide perfluoropolyether oil described above. This oil was diluted with 1805.3 g of Galden® HT200. Next, 3.52 g of VEFS was added to the reactor, and the mixture was purged with nitrogen. The UV lamp was then turned on, and the reaction was carried out at 20°C for 55 hours. After this reaction time, the UV lamp was turned off, the olefin flow was discontinued, and the reaction mixture was flushed with nitrogen.

[0095] The mixture was transferred to a second glass photochemical reactor and treated with UV light and 1 NL / h of fluorine gas at 60°C for 8 hours. The UV lamp was switched off, and the mixture was thoroughly flushed with nitrogen. The contents of the reactor were then transferred to a round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and treated at 240°C for 6 hours to remove the solvent and residual PO. Distillation was carried out first at atmospheric pressure and then under reduced pressure (0.1 mbar) until complete removal of the solvent. Iodometric titration confirmed complete removal of the peroxide units.

[0096] 256 g of oil from the previous step and 180 g of Galden® SV70 were added to a 1 L round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a condenser. Next, 35.4 g of 6.6 wt % NaOH (aq) was added to the flask under stirring. The resulting mixture was heated to 65°C and maintained under vigorous stirring for 4 hours. At the end of this time, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and 130 g of 10 wt % hydrochloric acid (aq) was added to the flask. The mixture was thoroughly stirred at room temperature and then added to a separatory flask. The bottom phase was recovered and the solvent was stripped under vacuum at 80°C.

[0097] Product 19 F-NMR analysis revealed the structure: XO-(CF2CF2O) m (CF2O) n (CF2CFO(CF2CF2SO3H)) a -X' (wherein m / n=1.0, a=1.1 on average, and X and X'=-CF3) was confirmed.

[0098] Number average molecular weight (M n ) was 24530 g / mol.

[0099] Example 1 - Copolymer (P) salified with triethylamine 100 g of oil from Preparation 1 was placed in a 250 ml round bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stirrer.

[0100] Next, 50 g of Galden® SV70 and 0.5 g of triethylamine were added to the flask. The mixture was left stirring at room temperature for 2 hours and then heated to 50° C. for 4 hours. At the end of this time, the mixture was stripped under reduced pressure at 50° C.

[0101] Example 2 - Copolymer (P) salified with 1-butylimidazole The procedure disclosed in Example 1 was followed, with the difference that 0.6 g of 1-butylimidazole was used.

[0102] The liquid volume resistivity and dynamic viscosity of the copolymers (P) according to the invention prepared according to Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated and are reported below in Table 1. The copolymer prepared in Preparation 1 was also evaluated as a comparison.

[0103] [Table 1]

[0104] The results reported above showed that the copolymers of Examples 1 and 2 according to the invention are characterized by lower liquid volume resistivity when compared to both the non-chlorinated copolymer of Preparation 1(*) and the high-viscosity neutral PFPE Fomblin® HV25.

Claims

1. A block copolymer [copolymer (P)] comprising first and second perfluoropolyether chains [PFPE chains] each having two chain ends, The first chain end of each of the first and second PFPE chains is a chain end of a copolymer (P), each of which is a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)O. － M ＋ and M ＋ is at least one inorganic metal salt or at least one organic group, preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium, The second chain ends of the first and second PFPE chains are Formula (I): - [CR １００ R １０１ -CR １０２ R １０３ ] Ｌ＾ -(D) Ｌ at least one first block [block (1)] according to (I), During the ceremony, L^ is 0 or an integer from 1 to 250, R １００ , R １０１ , R １０２ and R １０３ are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, more preferably a fluorine or chlorine atom, a linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -OR ２００ and R ２００ is a linear or branched fully fluorinated chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a group of formula -CF ２ OR ２０１ is a group of R ２０１ is a fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen ether atoms; or R １００ and R １０１ One of the two and R １０２ and R １０３ is a fluorine atom, and R １００ and R １０１ The other and R １０２ and R １０３ together form a perhalogenated ring having 4 to 6 members, optionally containing a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, L is 0 or an integer from 1 to 250, D is a group of the formula -(CR １００＊ R １０１＊ -CR １０２＊ R １０３＊ )- group, where R １００＊ , R １０１＊ R １０２＊ and R １０３＊ At least one of １００ , R １０１ , R １０２ , and R １０３ whereby (D) is -[CR １００ R １０１ -CR １０２ R １０３ ] Ｌ＾ Unlike - provided that when L̂ and L are both different from 0, the repeat units are statistically distributed; -Formula (II): 【Chemistry 1】 At least one second block [block (2)] according to During the ceremony, m is an integer from 1 to 5, R ５ ~R ８ are each independently selected from -F, a fully fluorinated straight or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a group represented by formula (III): (III) -R ２０ -(X) ｙ and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, R ２０ is a sigma bond or a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl chain containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably containing and / or interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; X is 【Chemistry 2】 an anionic functional group selected from each salified with at least one inorganic metal salt or with at least one organic group preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium; y is an integer of 1 or 2; However, in formula (II), R ５ ~R ８ At least one, preferably one, of the formula (III) is a group -Formula (IV): 【Transformation 3】 At least one third block [block (3)] according to During the ceremony, n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; R １ ~R ４ are each independently a fluorine atom, a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a group of formula (V): (V) -(R １０ ) ｔ [C(R １１ ) (R １２ )-C(R １３ ) (R １４ ) (R １５ )] ｚ and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, R １０ is an oxygen atom or a divalent / trivalent / tetravalent fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; t is zero or one; z is an integer from 1 to 3; R １１ ~R １５ are each independently a fluorine atom, a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a group of formula (VI): - [(A) ａ -(B) ｂ -(E) ｃ - (F) ｆ ] ｕ -(A)-T (VI) is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, u is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; T is a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)O － M ＋ is a group selected from ＋ is at least one inorganic metal salt or at least one organic group, preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium, a is 0 or 1; each A is independently a PFPE chain; b is zero or an integer from 1 to 3; B is a compound represented by formula (IV*): -[C(R １＾ ) (R ２＾ )-C(R ３＾ ) (R ４＾ ) )]-(IV*) block, During the ceremony, R １＾ ~R ４＾ are each independently R １ ~R ４ each has the meaning set forth above; c is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; E is a compound of formula (I*): - [CR １００＾ R １０１＾ -CR １０２＾ R １０３＾ ] ｅ＾ -(D*) ｅ＊ - a block of (I*), During the ceremony, e^ has the same meaning as provided above for L^; R １００＾ R １０１＾ , R １０２＾ , and R １０３＾ Each of these is R １００ , R １０１ , R １０２ and R １０３ has the same meaning as provided above with respect to e* has the same meaning as provided above for L; D* has the same meaning as provided above for D, provided that when ê and e* are both different from 0, the repeat units are statistically distributed; f is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2; F is a compound of formula (II*): -[C(R ５＾ ) (R ６＾ )-C(R ７＾ ) (R ８＾ ) )]-(II*) block, During the ceremony, R ５＾ ~R ８＾ are each independently R ５ ~R ８ each having the meaning provided above, however, In the formula (IV), R １ ~R ４ at least one of is a group of formula (V) In the formula (IV*), R １＾ ~R ４＾ at least one of is a group of formula (V) In the formula (V), R １１ or R １２ One of and R １３ ~R １５ is a group of formula (VI) - In said formula (VI), when a, b, c and f are all different from 0, the repeating units (A), (B), (E) and (F) are statistically distributed; and, - optionally linked to each other via at least one fourth block [block (4)] comprising a PFPE chain, However, in the copolymer (P): - at least one of L, L^ or n is different from 0; the sum of -(m+f) is at least 1, preferably 1 to 100; - a block copolymer [copolymer (P)] in which the at least one block (1), the at least one block (2), the at least one block (3) and, if present, the at least one block (4) are statistically distributed.

2. Each of said PFPE chains is a fully fluorinated chain [chain (R ｆ ) ], wherein the repeating unit is: (i) -CFXO- (wherein X is -F or -CF ３ (which is (ii) -CFXCFXO-, where X is the same or different at each occurrence and is -F or -CF ３ where at least one of X is -F. (iii)-CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ O-、 (iv)-CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ O-、 (v)-(CF ２ ) ｊ -CFZ-O- (wherein j is an integer from 0 to 3, and Z is a group represented by the general formula -O-R （ｆ－ａ） -T group, and R （ｆ－ａ） is a fluoropolyoxyalkene chain containing 0 to 10 repeating units, the repeating units being selected from the following: -CFXO-, -CF ２ CFXO-, -CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ O-, -CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ and each X is independently selected from -F or -CF ３ and T is C １ ~C ３ perfluoroalkyl alkyl chain) The copolymer (P) according to claim 1, independently selected from the group consisting of:

3. Chain (R ｆ ) follows the formula: (R ｆ -I) -[(CFX １ O) ｇ１ (CFX ２ CFX ３ O) ｇ２ (CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ O) ｇ３ (CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ O) ｇ４ ]- (In the formula, -X １ is -F and -CF ３ are independently selected from -X ２ , X ３ are the same or different from each other at each occurrence and independently represent -F, -CF ３ with the proviso that at least one X is -F; - g1, g2, g3 and g4 are identical or different and independently represent integers greater than or equal to 0, whereby g1+g2+g3+g4 is in the range from 2 to 300, preferably from 2 to 100, and when at least two of g1, g2, g3 and g4 are different from zero, the different repeat units are generally statistically distributed along the chain.

4. In block (1): - at least one of L^ and L, preferably both L^ and L, is different from 0; and / or -R １００ , R １０１ , R １０２ and R １０３ The copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each is independently a halogen atom.

5. In block (2): -m is an integer from 1 to 2, and / or -R ５ ~R ８ is a group of formula (V) according to claim 1, and / or -R ２０ is a sigma bond or a bond of the formula (R ２０ -i) to (R ２０ -iv) is a group selected from: (R ２０ -i) -(CF ２ ) ｓ１ -O-(CF ２ ) ｓ２ - (wherein s1 and s2 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3); () ２０ )) -O-(CF ２ ) ｓ３ - (wherein s3 is an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 5); () ２０ )) -O-R ４００ -O-R ４０１ - (In the formula, R ４００ is a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, more preferably of the formula -CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF (CF ３ )--a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain, R401 is a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably of the formula -CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF ２ -, -CF(CF ３ )--, a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain conforming to (R) ２０ (-iv) 【Chemistry 4】 (In the formula, R ５００ is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; R ５０１ is the formula -OR ５０３ is a chain of R ５０３ is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R ５０２ is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; R ５０１ and R ５０２ each of which bonds a group X as defined in claim 1), a copolymer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. In block (3) and formula (V), R １０ follows one of the following formulas: (R) １０ -i) -(CF ２ ) ｄ (O) ｅ (CF) ２ O) ｆ R ＣＦ (O) ｅ＊ (CF) ２ ) ｄ＊ (CF2O) ｆ＊ (In the formula, each of d, d*, e, e*, f, and f* is independently zero or 1; R ＣＦ is a perfluoroalkyl chain containing 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 8, carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms; (R １０ -ii) -O-(C ３ F ６ O) ｈ -(CF ２ ) ｉ -(C ３ F ６ O) ｊ -O- 6. A copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein h=j, h+j is from 2 to 6, and i is from 2 to 6.

7. The process (P) is (a) at least one perfluoropolyether polymer containing at least one peroxide group [PFPE-peroxy], -Formula (Xp): 【Transformation 5】 (In the formula, R ２１ ~R ２３ each is independently —F or a fully fluorinated straight or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R ２０ and y is as defined above in formula (III), X is (X-a), formula: -OP(=O)(OH) ２ , -OS(=O) ２ OH, -S(=O) ２ OH groups, (X-b), formula: -S (=O) ２ F), and at least one of the following: at least one compound [compound (O)], including, preferably selected from the group consisting of: (i) hydrogenated olefins containing from 2 to 15 carbon atoms, partially or fully halogenated olefins containing from 2 to 15 carbon atoms; (ii)CF ２ =CFOR ｆ (In the formula, R ｆ is C １ -C ６ (Per)fluoroalkyl groups, preferably —CF ３ , -C ２ F ５ , -C ３ F ７ and a group C containing a catenary oxygen atom １ ~C １２ [(per)fluoro]-oxyalkyl, preferably perfluoro-2-propoxypropyl group); (iii)CF ２ =CFOCF ２ OR ｆ２ (In the formula, R ｆ２ C contains at least one catenary oxygen atom １ ~C ６ Perfluoro-alkyl, C ５ ~C ６ Cyclic perfluoro-alkyl, and C ２ ~C ６ perfluoro-oxy-alkyl, preferably R ｆ２ is -CF ２ CF ３ , -CF ２ CF ２ OCF ３ , or -CF ３ (which is (iv)CF ２ =CFCF ２ OR ｆ７ (In the formula, R ｆ７ C contains at least one catenary oxygen atom １ ~C ６ Perfluoro-alkyl, C ５ ~C ６ Cyclic perfluoro-alkyl, and C ２ ~C ６ perfluoro-oxy-alkyl), (v) Formula: 【Transformation 6】 (In the formula, R ｆ３ , R ｆ４ , R ｆ５ , R ｆ６ are the same or different from one another and contain a fluorine atom and optionally one or more oxygen atoms, in particular -CF ３ , -C ２ F ５ , -C ３ F ７ , -OCF ３ , -OCF ２ CF ２ OCF ３ C, etc. １ ~C ６ perfluorodioxoles having a perfluoroalkyl group independently selected from the group consisting of -Formula (XX-p): 【Transformation 7】 (In the formula, R ２１ ~R ２３ are as defined above in formula (X-p), R ３１ ~R ３３ are each independently —F or a fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R １０ is an oxygen atom or a fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; t is zero or one; wherein each of z* and z** is independently 1 or 2; (b) reacting said PFPE peroxy, said at least one compound of formula (X-p), optionally said at least one compound of formula (XX-p), and optionally at least one compound (O) in the presence of UV radiation or under heating, * In the above formula (X-p), X is (X-a), formula: -OP(=O)(OH) ２ , -OS(=O) ２ OH, -S(=O) ２ a step (c1) of salifying such groups with at least one compound containing an inorganic metal, ammonium or phosphonium group, which is an OH group; * In the above formula (X-p), X is (X-b), a group -S(=O) ２ F, which upon hydrolysis gives the group -S(=O) ２ O － Step (c2) of providing A process for producing a copolymer (P) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 [Process (P)].

8. The PFPE peroxy is a peroxide perfluoropolyether polymer having two chain ends each containing a group selected from a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or —C(═O)F, wherein the two chain ends comprise, or preferably consist of, a perfluoropolyether chain [chain (R ｆ 8. The process (P) according to claim 7, wherein the PFPE peroxy is bonded to the other side of the PFPE peroxy with a peroxide content (PO) defined as grams of active oxygen (Mw=16) in 100 g of PFPE peroxy of 0.1 to 4, preferably 0.1 to 3.

5.

9. In said at least one compound of formula (X-p): -R ２１ , R ２２ , and R ２３ each of is —F, and / or -R ２０ is a sigma bond or a bond of the formula (R ２０ -i) to (R ２０ -iv) is a group selected from: (R ２０ -i) -(CF ２ ) ｓ１ -O-(CF ２ ) ｓ２ - (wherein s1 and s2 each independently represent an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3); () ２０ )) -O-(CF ２ ) ｓ３ - (wherein s3 is an integer of 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 5); () ２０ )) -O-R ４００ -O-R ４０１ - (In the formula, R ４００ is a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, more preferably of the formula -CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF (CF ３ )--a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain, R401 is a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably of the formula -CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF ２ -, -CF(CF ２ )--, a linear or branched fully fluorinated alkyl chain conforming to (R) ２０ (-iv) 【Transformation 8】 (In the formula, R ５００ is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 3, carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; R ５０１ is the formula -OR ５０３ is a chain of R ５０３ is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R ５０２ is a linear, fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; R ５０１ and R ５０２ each of which binds a group X according to claim 7), the process (P) according to claim 7 or 8.

10. The at least one compound of formula (X-p) is selected in the group comprising, more preferably consisting of: CF ２ =CFCF ２ OCF ２ CF ２ OP(=O)(OH) ２ CF ２ =CFOCF ２ CF ２ O / P(=O)(OH) ２ CF ２ =CFOCF ２ CF ２ SO ３ H CF ２ =CFSO ３ H CF ２ =CFOCF ２ CF ２ SO ２ F CF ２ =CFSO ２ F CF ２ =CFOCF ２ CF(SO ２ F) ２ CF ２ =CFOCF ２ CF(CF ２ OCF ２ CF ２ SO ２ F)(OCF ２ CF ２ SO ２ F) CF ２ =CFOCF ２ CF(CF ２ CF ２ SO ２ F)(OCF ２ CF ２ SO ２ F) CF ２ =CFOCF ２ OCF ２ CF(CF ２ OCF ２ CF ２ SO ２ F)(SO ２ F)、 The process (P) according to claim 9.

11. Process (P) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, further comprising a fluorination step after step (b) and before step (c1) or (c2).

12. the salification step (c1) is carried out with at least one inorganic metal salt, preferably an alkali metal, or Process (P) according to any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein the hydrolysis step (c2) is carried out in the presence of an alkaline compound.

13. 13. Process (P) according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the copolymer obtained after step (c2) is reacted with a compound containing an ammonium or phosphonium group to obtain a copolymer (P), wherein X is an anionic group according to claim 1 salified with an organic salt.

14. 1. A method for lubricating at least one element in an electrical, electronic, or mechanical device, the method comprising: at least one copolymer (P) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and / or applying to such an element at least one block copolymer [copolymer (P°)], said copolymer (P°) comprising first and second perfluoropolyether chains [PFPE chains], each having two chain ends, The first chain end of each of the first and second PFPE chains is a chain end of a copolymer (P°), each of which is a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)O. － M ＋ and M ＋ is at least one inorganic metal salt or at least one organic group, preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium, The second chain ends of the first and second PFPE chains are Formula (I): - [CR １００ R １０１ -CR １０２ R １０３ ] Ｌ＾ -(D) Ｌ at least one first block [block (1)] according to (I), During the ceremony, L^ is 0 or an integer from 1 to 250, R １００ , R １０１ , R １０２ and R １０３ are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, more preferably a fluorine or chlorine atom, a linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, -OR ２００ and R ２００ is a linear or branched fully fluorinated chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a group of formula -CF ２ OR ２０１ is a group of R ２０１ is a fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen ether atoms; or R １００ and R １０１ One of the two and R １０２ and R １０３ is a fluorine atom, and R １００ and R １０１ The other and R １０２ and R １０３ together form a perhalogenated ring having 4 to 6 members, optionally containing a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, L is 0 or an integer from 1 to 250, D is a group of the formula -(CR １００＊ R １０１＊ -CR １０２＊ R １０３＊ )- group, where R １００＊ , R １０１＊ R １０２＊ and R １０３＊ At least one of １００ , R １０１ , R １０２ , and R １０３ whereby (D) is -[CR １００ R １０１ -CR １０２ R １０３ ] Ｌ＾ Unlike - provided that when L̂ and L are both different from 0, the repeat units are statistically distributed; -Formula (II): 【Chemistry 9】 At least one second block [block (2)] according to During the ceremony, m is an integer from 1 to 5, R ５ ~R ８ are each independently selected from -F, a fully fluorinated straight or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a group represented by formula (III): (III)-R ２０ -(X) ｙ and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, R ２０ is a sigma bond or a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl chain containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms and preferably containing and / or interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; X is -C(=O)O － 、 【Chemistry 10】 an anionic functional group selected from each salified with at least one inorganic metal salt or with at least one organic group preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium; y is an integer of 1 or 2; However, in formula (II), R ５ ~R ８ At least one, preferably one, of the formula (III) is a group -Formula (IV): 【Chemistry 11】 At least one third block [block (3)] according to During the ceremony, n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 3; R １ ~R ４ are each independently a fluorine atom, a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a group of formula (V): (V) -(R １０ ) ｔ [C(R １１ ) (R １２ )-C(R １３ ) (R １４ ) (R １５ )] ｚ and is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, R １０ is an oxygen atom or a divalent / trivalent / tetravalent fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; t is zero or one; z is an integer from 1 to 3; R １１ ~R １５ are each independently a fluorine atom, a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a group of formula (VI): - [(A) ａ -(B) ｂ -(E) ｃ - (F) ｆ ] ｕ -(A)-T (VI) is preferably selected from the group consisting of: During the ceremony, u is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; T is a fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl chain containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms or -C(=O)O － M ＋ is a group selected from ＋ is at least one inorganic metal salt or at least one organic group, preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium, a is zero or 1; each A is independently a PFPE chain; b is zero or an integer from 1 to 3; B is a compound represented by formula (IV*): -[C(R １＾ ) (R ２＾ )-C(R ３＾ ) (R ４＾ ) )]-(IV*) block, During the ceremony, R １＾ ~R ４＾ are each independently R １ ~R ４ each has the meaning set forth above; c is 0 or an integer from 1 to 50; E is a compound of formula (I*): - [CR １００＾ R １０１＾ -CR １０２＾ R １０３＾ ] ｅ＾ -(D*) ｅ＊ - a block of (I*), During the ceremony, e^ has the same meaning as provided above for L^; R １００＾ R １０１＾ , R １０２＾ , and R １０３＾ Each of the １００ , R １０１ , R １０２ and R １０３ and each have the same meaning as provided above. e* has the same meaning as provided above for L; D* has the same meaning as provided above for D, provided that when ê and e* are both different from 0, the repeat units are statistically distributed; f is 0 or an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2; F is a compound of formula (II*): -[C(R ５＾ ) (R ６＾ )-C(R ７＾ ) (R ８＾ ) )]-(II*) block, During the ceremony, R ５＾ ~R ８＾ are each independently R ５ ~R ８ each having the meaning provided above, however, In the formula (IV), R １ ~R ４ at least one of is a group of formula (V) In the formula (IV*), R １＾ ~R ４＾ at least one of is a group of formula (V) In the formula (V), R １１ or R １２ One of and R １３ ~R １５ is a group of formula (VI) In said formula (VI), when a, b, c and f are all different from 0, the repeating units (A), (B), (E) and (F) are statistically distributed; and, - optionally linked to each other via at least one fourth block [block (4)] comprising a PFPE chain, However, in the copolymer (P): the sum of -(m+f) is at least 1, preferably 1 to 100; - if present, said at least one block (1), said at least one block (2), said at least one block (3), and said at least one block (4) are statistically distributed.

15. In block (2), X is —C(═O)O—, 【Chemistry 12】 is selected from 15. Copolymer (P°) according to claim 14, each salified with at least one inorganic metal salt or with at least one organic group, preferably selected from ammonium or phosphonium.

16. The process (P) is (a) at least one perfluoropolyether polymer containing at least one peroxide group [PFPE-peroxy], -Formula (Xp): 【Chemistry 13】 (In the formula, R ２１ ~R ２３ each is independently —F or a fully fluorinated straight or branched alkyl chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R ２０ and y is as defined above in formula (III), X is (X-a), formula: -OP(=O)(OH) ２ , -OS(=O) ２ OH, -S(=O) ２ OH groups, (X-b), formula: -S (=O) ２ The group F, (X-c), at least one fully fluorinated compound of formula: —COF, —C(═O)OH, or —CN; and, optionally at least one compound [compound (O)] comprising, preferably selected from the group consisting of: (i) hydrogenated olefins containing from 2 to 15 carbon atoms, partially or fully halogenated olefins containing from 2 to 15 carbon atoms; (ii)CF ２ =CFOR ｆ (In the formula, R ｆ is C １ ~C ６ (Per)fluoroalkyl groups, preferably —CF ３ , -C ２ F ５ , -C ３ F ７ and a group C containing a catenary oxygen atom １ ~C １２ [(per)fluoro]-oxyalkyl, preferably perfluoro-2-propoxypropyl group); (iii)CF ２ =CFOCF ２ OR ｆ２ (In the formula, R ｆ２ C contains at least one catenary oxygen atom １ ~C ６ Perfluoro-alkyl, C ５ ~C ６ Cyclic perfluoro-alkyl, and C ２ ~C ６ perfluoro-oxy-alkyl, preferably R ｆ２ is -CF ２ CF ３ , -CF ２ CF ２ OCF ３ , or -CF ３ (which is (iv)CF ２ =CFCF ２ OR ｆ７ (In the formula, R ｆ７ C contains at least one catenary oxygen atom １ ~C ６ Perfluoro-alkyl, C ５ ~C ６ Cyclic perfluoro-alkyl, and C ２ ~C ６ perfluoro-oxy-alkyl), (v) Formula: 【Chemistry 14】 (In the formula, R ｆ３ , R ｆ４ , R ｆ５ , R ｆ６ are the same or different from one another and contain a fluorine atom and optionally one or more oxygen atoms, in particular -CF ３ , -C ２ F ５ , -C ３ F ７ , -OCF ３ , -OCF ２ CF ２ OCF ３ C, etc. １ ~C ６ perfluorodioxoles having a perfluoroalkyl group independently selected from the group consisting of optionally of formula (XX-p): 【Chemistry 15】 (In the formula, R ２１ ~R ２３ are as defined above in formula (X-p), R ３１ ~R ３３ are each independently —F or a fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R １０ is an oxygen atom or a fully fluorinated alkyl chain containing 1 to 24 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom; t is zero or one; wherein each of z* and z** is independently 1 or 2; (b) reacting said PFPE peroxy, said at least one compound of formula (X-p), optionally said at least one compound of formula (XX-p), and optionally at least one compound (O) in the presence of UV radiation or under heating, * In the above formula (X-p), X is (X-a), formula: -OP(=O)(OH) ２ , -OS(=O) ２ OH, -S(=O) ２ a step (c1) of salifying such groups with at least one compound containing an inorganic metal, ammonium or phosphonium group, which is an OH group; * In the above formula (X-p), X is (X-b), a group -S(=O) ２ F, which upon hydrolysis gives the group -S(=O) ２ O － Step (c2) of providing * In the above formula (X-p), X is (X-c), a group of the formula: -COF, -C(=O)OH, or -CN, and at least one of the following steps: (c°-3) hydrolyzing the —COF group to provide a —COOH group, followed by salifying the —COOH group to provide a —COO— group; (c°-4) The —COOH group is converted into a —COO group by salification. － or (c°-5) The group —CN is hydrolyzed to form the group —COO － providing A process [Process (P°)] for producing a copolymer (P°) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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