Aqueous formulation containing dissolved hydrogen gas, minerals, and additives, and a water injection device for producing the aqueous formulation

Abstract

an aqueous formulation comprising structured water, in which adjacent water molecules are joined by hydrogen bridges to form hexagonal rings of water molecules, forming a plane of a two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array, replicated in multiple planes stacked in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array, and connected via hydrogen bridges to form multiple layers of the two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array, forming multiple three-dimensional helical cage structures of polygonal water molecules, each of which has a central hollow lumen and each has a hexagonal shape when viewed from above; and a water dispensing device for producing the aqueous formulation. The water dispensing device comprises a structured water generator with a vortex generator.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS)

[0002] This application claims priority to and benefit of U.S. Application No. 18 / 100,562, filed January 23, 2023, and entitled "WATER DISPENSING DEVICE," and U.S. Application No. 18 / 100,563, filed January 23, 2023, and entitled "AQUEOUS FORMULATION INCLUDING DISSOLVED HYDROGEN GAS AND MINERALS AND ADDITIVES," the entire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety where permitted.

[0003] (Technical field)

[0004] The present application is directed to aqueous formulations and preparations thereof, which contain 3D helical structures of polygonal water molecules with hollow lumens, along with dissolved hydrogen gas, minerals, and additives. The aqueous formulations of the present application have long-term stability, whereby the concentration of dissolved hydrogen gas in the aqueous formulation is maintained over time. The present disclosure also relates to devices or systems for generating structured water that contain and maintain high concentrations of dissolved hydrogen over time, which devices or systems include several modular units, including a structured water generator, that generate structured water. [Background technology]

[0005] (background)

[0006] Where a document, act, or item of knowledge is mentioned or discussed herein, this mention or discussion is not an admission that that document, act, or item of knowledge, or any combination thereof, was publicly available, known to the public, part of the common general knowledge, or otherwise constitutes prior art under applicable statutory provisions or was known to be relevant to any attempt to solve any problem(s) involved in this specification, at the priority date.

[0007] Water is a fundamental factor in the development of living cells, and its properties and characteristics facilitate the transport of nutrients to cell membranes. Water helps oxygenate blood, pumping our cells and helping them function at their full potential. Healthy cells are full of oxygen, which means our muscles and organs perform at their best and our bodies have excellent immunity against foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. Kidney function is perhaps the best example of the benefits of water consumption. The more water we drink, the better our kidneys function in eliminating any unwanted toxins through urination, and our immune system is not weakened by fighting them. Fluid movement within the body follows a vortex mechanism. For example, Figure 8 shows the blood flow patterns of the left and right sides of the heart. In Figure 8, LV = left ventricle, RV = right ventricle, Ao = aorta, and PA = pulmonary artery. The blood flow pathway is followed from the mitral and tricuspid valves during early and late diastole to end systole. As blood flows from the atria into the left and right ventricles, the flow becomes turbulent and forms vortices, which are thought to be more efficient at filling the ventricles during diastole.

[0008] Another way that water improves the immune system is through the production of lymph. Lymph, or lymphatic fluid, flows through the body with a very simple function: collecting bacteria from the body and transporting them to the lymph nodes, where they are destroyed. Lymph can prevent very serious diseases, such as leukemia.

[0009] Water has very specific properties in the environment; it can be found as three phases of matter: (1.) solid (in the form of ice), (2.) liquid (in the form of common water), and (3.) gas (in the form of steam or moisture). Different processes exist for converting water from the gas phase to the liquid phase, including mechanical extraction using changes in surface temperature and chemical processes such as absorption, which capture water molecules.

[0010] Micronutrients in water also affect intracellular behavior in both the innate immune system, which is involved in all levels of the immune response, and the adaptive immune response, which is activated by the innate immune system when severe infections are present. The most important micronutrients for the proper functioning of the immune system include, but are not limited to, vitamins A, C, D, E, B2, B6, and B12, folic acid, beta-carotene, copper, iron, selenium, zinc, potassium, manganese, and silicon.

[0011] The properties and characteristics of water can be improved by including diluent gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Not surprisingly, there is increasing interest in developing water containing dissolved hydrogen.

[0012] Molecular hydrogen (H2) is the lightest chemical element in the universe. This property allows hydrogen to diffuse into all structures of the human body without any assistance. Therefore, hydrogen can enter any cell simply by diffusing through it, and without the need to be combined with any other elements or compounds, or for additional carriers to assist the diffusion process. Therefore, the most important role of hydrogen in metabolic functions is carried out at the intracellular level.

[0013] Consumption of water with dissolved hydrogen stimulates the natural anti-inflammatory phenomenon, which is necessary to complete the natural repair cycle during the inflammatory process. Inflammation is a process that, in its initial stages, serves to repair damaged structures. This initial stage is followed by subsequent anti-inflammatory effects to complete the repair cycle. However, in some cases (such as in most modern diseases), constant inflammatory stimulation remains as a pathophysiological phenomenon that prevents the completion of the natural repair cycle during the inflammatory process. Hydrogen consumption induces an anti-inflammatory effect by stimulating specific lymphocyte populations, modulating adhesion molecules, and stimulating the growth of these cell populations, thereby addressing the deficiencies caused by an incomplete repair cycle.

[0014] Another benefit of consuming water with dissolved hydrogen is that it stimulates the formation of over 200 natural antioxidant systems in the human body that prevent cell damage caused by the oxidative stress of oxygen radicals, which degrade cell membranes and organelles and alter DNA. Hydrogen's ability to diffuse into cells without a carrier stimulates the formation of these antioxidants. Thus, hydrogen dissolved in water can act directly on the metabolic pathways that form natural antioxidants, and indirectly by promoting metabolic pathways that prevent this alteration.

[0015] As an additional function, hydrogen is involved in the regulation of cell growth and natural cell death, making it a key component of the processes that regulate tumor growth and cancer pathology. Many of its functions are still new to the medical world and await exploration in various medical fields. Nevertheless, preliminary studies have already yielded positive results in regenerative medicine, sports medicine, muscle performance, and for metabolic diseases.

[0016] Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been investigated in many fields due to the properties discussed above. Two of these fields include the use of molecular hydrogen as an important medium for energy storage and distribution, and its beneficial medicinal properties for improving quality of life. For this reason, hydrogen is considered a source of clean energy and a medium for human health. Various experiments have been conducted by the scientific community, which have shown that water with dissolved molecular hydrogen provides many benefits to humans at the cellular level, including improvements in many systems of the human body. Molecular hydrogen is also the subject of clinical studies demonstrating the anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other protective effects of hydrogen-containing water, as well as its important role in the immune system.

[0017] In humans, hydrogen is naturally produced by intestinal flora from the digestion of fiber. Research from the University of Florida and the Forsythe Institute (Boston, Massachusetts) confirmed the therapeutic benefits of bacterially produced hydrogen. The study concluded that reconstituting the intestinal flora with hydrogen-producing E. coli prevented A. concanvalin A-induced hepatitis (M. Kajiya, K. Sato, MJ Silva, K. Ouhara, PM Do, KT Shanmugam, T. Kawai, "Hydrogen from intestinal bacteria is protective for Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 386(2): 316-321 (2009)). Bacterially produced hydrogen from acarbose administration has also been shown to be therapeutic. Perhaps this explains the significant reduction in cardiovascular events in patients taking the hydrogen-producing acarbose (Tamasawa, A., Mochizuki, K., Hariya, N., Saito, M., Ishida, H., Doguchi, S., Osonoi, T. “Hydrogen gas production is associated with reduced interleukin-1β mRNA in peripheral blood after a single dose of acarbose in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients,” European Journal of Pharmacology 762: 96-101 (2015), doi:10.1016 / j.ejphar.2015.04.051).

[0018] These studies not only suggest the therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen, but also demonstrate that it is safe for human consumption (i.e., it has a high safety profile). Hydrogen exposure is very natural to the human body, as it is exposed to hydrogen on a daily basis from normal bacterial metabolism.

[0019] Additionally, hydrogen gas has been used in deep-sea diving since the 1940s to prevent decompression sickness. Hundreds of human studies of deep-sea diving have shown that inhaled hydrogen gas, orders of magnitude above typical therapeutic use, is clearly tolerated by the human body without chronic toxic effects. Such studies of hydrogen in relation to bacterial production, deep-sea diving, and recent medical uses have not revealed any adverse side effects of hydrogen administration at biotherapeutic levels.

[0020] The safety profile of hydrogen can be considered contradictory because chemotherapeutic agents that induce biological effects should have both beneficial and harmful effects depending on the dose, timing, location, duration, etc. However, no harmful effects have been reported so far for hydrogen. Presumably, the harmful effects of ingesting molecular hydrogen are very temporary and minor, and they are obscured by the beneficial effects, or any potential harmful effects are neutralized by the beneficial effects through the phenomenon of hormesis.

[0021] Conventional water treatment methods include magnetization (WO 2013 / 044929), high-volume environmental purification (WO 2010 / 0005276), and filtration devices that remove microbial and organic contamination and / or sterilize containers and water lines (U.S. Patent Nos. 6,797,165 and 8,968,568). Conventional water dispensing methods and devices include sales or dispensing systems for providing purified water in response to customer demand (U.S. Patent No. 4,969,991). Conventional purification mechanisms also include activated carbon filters, ion exchange resin beds, reverse osmosis (RO) filters, microbial sterilization, and the like. Conventional hydrogen-enriched water generators include electrolysis methods to generate hydrogen in water (WO 2011 / 139019).

[0022] WO2013 / 044929 describes a device for magnetizing and transmitting harmonic waves to the water contained in a water bottle when the bottle is placed in the device, during which time the surface of the bottle comes into contact with the device, which includes a magnet, lighting, a landscape painting, a message with positive words, and a mini sound system that plays classical music. The water begins to be magnetized and harmonized, and as a result, the water delivered to the consumer becomes lighter and tastes better. WO2013 / 044929 describes four different devices for treating the water contained in the bottle. Each water treatment device includes six magnets and a mini sound system, as well as lighting, landscape paintings of different colors, and positive messages, which are incorporated into the present disclosure.

[0023] WO 2010 / 0005276 describes a high-capacity, environmentally friendly purification filter for non-potable, rainwater, or other water, made from extremely robust materials that last for over 20 years. It can be completely and simply purified and regenerated by the user using its storable system of compartments filled with sand, gravel, or sand with gravel, optionally but preferably activated carbon, and, if necessary, raw materials that remove additional contaminants in non-potable water. The monetary cost of obtaining drinking water generated by this purification filter is much lower than any other existing commercial filter. Its usefulness can be compared to that of household appliances that are essential for daily life, but this is accompanied by the characteristic that its purification process does not cause pollution because it does not require any form of energy to function. The purpose of this disclosure is to help provide a water purification filter that gives users independent, low-cost access to drinking water, either in daily life or after a natural disaster.

[0024] U.S. Patent No. 8,968,568 describes a water or liquid substance filtration device that removes microbial and organic contaminants and sterilizes the container and water line after the unit. The unit can be portable or fixedly mounted. It has a five-stage filtration and sterilization system controlled by a separate on-board computer system that can be linked to a central computer system to track all separate units. The unit physically filters out water contaminants, which can be reused, discarded, or flushed down a safe drain. It can also be modified to filter for particulates of specific sizes, allowing for the recovery of specific substances. The unit has a self-diagnostic system that can determine whether the unit is operating properly and can shut down some of the capillary units if one is malfunctioning.

[0025] U.S. Patent No. 6,797,165 describes a modular water filter system having multiple filter canister receptacles, each with a diverter valve for routing water into or out of a particular canister located within the receptacle. The diverter valves are interconnected by water hoses so that water is filtered sequentially by flowing through the filter canister located in the first diverter valve, then through the filter canister located in the second diverter valve, and through subsequent diverter valves and filter canisters to the final faucet. The filter configuration, including filter type, filter quality, and filter sequence, can be changed simply by placing different filter canisters in the diverter valve. An intermediate faucet can be connected to the output of any diverter valve to provide users with water filtered by that diverter valve's filter canister.

[0026] U.S. Pat. No. 4,969,991 discloses a sales or dispensing system for providing purified water in response to customer requests. The water dispensing system has a water reservoir or tank containing first-stage purified water and includes a subsystem for circulating water from the reservoir through a microbial sterilizer at least periodically over a predetermined period of time to maintain water quality in the tank. In one aspect, the water is passed through the microbial sterilizer before entering the tank for a first time period as the first-stage water. Additional features described to ensure water purity include flushing or rinsing the water line between the first-stage water purification mechanism and the water reservoir prior to filling the reservoir with purified water and providing a control mechanism to ensure that dirty water liquid cannot be sucked back into the system. Purification mechanisms, of which there may be more than one, may include, but are not limited to, activated carbon filters, ion exchange resin beds, reverse osmosis (RO) filters, and the like. The microbial sterilizer may include equipment such as single or multiple-stage ultraviolet (UV) sterilizers. In one embodiment, the overall system is operated by a microcontroller in response to user commands.

[0027] WO 2011 / 139019 describes a hydrogen-enriched water generator in which an electrolytic cell containing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a polymeric ion-exchange resin membrane is placed in the lower portion of a removable drinking cup. The portable hydrogen-enriched water generator includes an aquarium base including a float valve that allows a predetermined level of water to be consistently dispensed from the water bottle, the drinking cup that can be disposed in the aquarium base, and a power supply source for applying direct current electricity to the electrolytic cell. When a drinking cup containing purified water is disposed in the aquarium base and power is then supplied, the electrolytic cell electrolyzes the water in the aquarium base, generating oxygen using the positive electrode on the aquarium base side and hydrogen using the negative electrode on the drinking cup side. The hydrogen dissolves in the purified water in the drinking cup for a short period of time, generating hydrogen-enriched water.

[0028] However, none of these references describe a process or system for producing an enriched water product that contains high concentrations of dissolved hydrogen in combination with minerals and additives that provide additional health benefits, and where the enriched water is capable of retaining dissolved hydrogen for extended periods of time. Thus, there is a pressing need for a water-based beverage that provides the benefits of dissolved hydrogen in combination with desirable minerals and additives and is capable of maintaining the concentrations of these components over extended periods of time.

[0029] The problem with hydrogen dissolved in water is that it is rapidly lost to the atmosphere, which is why most drinking water brands on the market have low concentrations of dissolved hydrogen, at levels of about 10 to 2,000 parts per billion, and such dissolved hydrogen is easily lost to the environment.

[0030] Water molecules are generally represented by the chemical formula HO. However, due to the nature of the HO molecule and its potential to form hydrogen bridges, a variety of different structures can form under appropriate pressure and temperature conditions, including semistructures of HO in liquid form. Semistructures are the formation of hydrogen bridges and weak bonds within the fluid that can alter the fluid's properties. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the relationship between the structure of HO and its physicochemical properties. However, these studies have primarily focused on general water surfaces and the interaction of surface water molecules with gels that have biological properties.

[0031] The structure and growth of water planar structures at different interfaces have been previously studied. These previous studies have involved natural hydrogen bridge interactions in specific areas and have not involved any external energy forces applied thereto. The interaction of adjacent water molecules through hydrogen bonds is comparable to or even stronger than the interaction between water and matter.

[0032] It is important to note the formation of different structures of water molecules on calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium atoms in their aqueous form at temperatures around 4°C, in particular how these atoms diffuse and aggregate based on their electromagnetic forces to form clusters, monolayers, and multilayers of water molecules on these elements.

[0033] H2 bond

[0034] A hydrogen bridge is an electrostatic force between an electronegative atom or molecule and a hydrogen atom. The energy of such a hydrogen bridge is approximately 5 kJ / mol to 30 kJ / mol lower than that of a conventional covalent bond. However, the nature of these hydrogen bonds is such that 20 water molecules can be arranged in a dodecahedral cage symmetry in as many as 30,026 different configurations (Jer-Lai Kuo et. al. "Short H-bonds and spontaneous self-dissociation in (H2O)"). 20: Effects of H-bond topology" (Jer-Lai Kuo, Cristian V. Ciobanu, Lars Ojamae, Isaiah Shavitt, and Sherwin J. Singer), Journal of Chemical Physics Volume 118, Number 8, 22 February 2003, Doi: 10.1063 / 1.1538240).

[0035] Structured water and H3O2 molecules

[0036] The formation of "structured water" or H₃O₂ molecules requires relatively low temperatures near 4°C and pressures close to atmospheric pressure. The arrangement of H₂O molecules at or near 4°C is ideal for the formation of H₂O molecules because the density of H₂O is highest at this temperature. At higher temperatures, hydrogen bonding interactions are not sufficient to maintain a matrix of H₂O molecules that promotes the formation of H₃O₂. Therefore, to encourage the formation of molecular structures in aqueous media, it is necessary to limit the environmental conditions to which the molecules are exposed. At high densities, water structures resemble cells, and this structure is insensitive to changes in physical properties such as surface tension, density, and specific heat. Once water molecules collide with each other in close proximity, they can form strong hydrogen bonds, which are substantially as strong as water-substrate bonds.

[0037] Studies on surface-sensitive techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS), Raman spectroscopy, aggregate frequency generation (SFG), and crystallographic techniques such as low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), grazing X-ray diffraction, and equivalents have also provided additional information on the interactions between neighboring water molecules.

[0038] These techniques are generally able to identify the presence of small H3O2-forming water matrices, but because these techniques obtain the average number of H3O2 molecules over a large area of the surface, which is likely to contain a wide variety of cluster sizes as well as alternating regions and surface defects, it is difficult to deterministically infer the molecular aggregation state from these data. The formation of water on metal surfaces and their diffusion and aggregation have become more reliably studied since the advent of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).

[0039] Using these techniques, it has been observed that the optimal geometry is one in which the plane of the water molecule is approximately parallel to the surface ("Molecular Structure of Water at Interfaces: Wetting at the Nanometer Scale, Chemical Reviews" (A. Verdaguer, G. M. Sacha, H. Bluhm, and M. Salmeron), 2006 106 (4), 1478-1510, DOI: 10.1021 / cr040376l (Verdaguer et al. 2006)).

[0040] The adsorption energy of water varies from 0.1 to 0.4 eV, which is approximately the energy of a hydrogen bond (about 0.25 eV). The adsorption energy depends on the metal and has been found to be classified in the order Au < Ag < Cu < Pd < Pt < Ru < Rh, reflecting the strength of the oxygen-metal bond. Thus, even when the orientation is not energetically most favorable for forming a given structure, this can give rise to a group of stable structures due to hydrogen bond formation (A. Verdaguer et al, 2006).

[0041] The structured aqueous matrix retains the solvent (water) even after cell disintegration. ("The role of aqueous interfaces in the cell," Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Pollack GH, 103 (2003) 173-196 (Pollack 2003).) At this point, muscle cells behave like a gel. As a result, the cytoplasm closely resembles a normal gel (Pollack 2003). Pollack 2003 also explains the mechanism of water retention and proposes two hypotheses: (1) a relationship between the mechanical retention of water and osmotic pressure, and (2) the attraction of water dipoles to charged surfaces to form multilayers. Further discussion of the formation of multilayer water structures is provided in Pollack 2003, "Surface forces in adsorbed multilayers of water on quartz" (RM Pashley, JA Kitchener, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 71 (1979) 491-500 (Pashley 1979), and "Role of hydration and water structure in biological and colloidal interactions" (JN Israelachvili, H. Wennerstrom), Nature 379 (1996) 219-225 (Israelachvili 1996). For example, Pashley 1979 and Israelachvili 1996 describe methods for measuring the force required to displace dispersed solvent between widely spaced parallel microsurfaces.

[0042] Hwang et al. have proposed a heterogeneous structure of water, which includes two types of structures based on its density ("Exclusion zone and heterogeneous water structure at ambient temperature" (Hwang SG, Hong JK, Sharma A, Pollack GH, Bahng G), 2018 (Hwang et al. 2018)).

[0043] Another example of structure formation on metals in aqueous media has been described in acidic media (pH<2.8) with transition metals such as scandium ("HO Bridging Ligand in a Metal-Organic Framework. Insight into the Aqua-Hydroxo-Hydroxyl Equilibrium: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study" (Richard F. D'Vries, Victor A. de la Pena-O'Shea, Natalia Snejko, et al.), Journal of the American Chemical Society, American Chemical Society, April 1, 2013 (D'Vries 2013)). D'Vries 2013 concludes that stabilization of this species in stable MOF (metal-organic framework) materials opens new fields of research with novel properties, including proton conductivity (when the proton is located at the center of the channel), water splitting, enzymatic reactions, and transport of hydrogen atoms through hydrogen bridges.

[0044] No. CN105105256, No. US2005 / 0121399, No. US2016 / 0249668, No. WO2017 / 177823, No. US11,224,239, No. US2008 / 0226566, No. US7,090,87 No. 8, No. AU2003218893, No. JP4653945, No. US2004 / 0096547, No. US7,799,363, No. US7,897,192, No. US9,351,517, No. AU2018202660, No. CA2 No. 493 066, No. AU2009297493, No. CN10255114, No. EP2 510 There are various conventional formulations, including water products for human consumption (i.e., for ingestion), that may contain hydrogen, such as those described in US Pat. Nos. 801, EP2 8143 32, ES2 456 704, ES2 609 654, CA2 850 550, KR10-2314002, US10,849,339, and US2005 / 0202146.

[0045] No. CN105105256A describes a hydrogen-enriched health drink containing drinking water with added hydrogen and a water-soluble plant extract containing natural small molecule substances.

[0046] US20160249668 describes a hydrogen-containing drink containing functional ingredients such as tea and hydrogen water. The functional ingredients are selected from tea, fruits, vegetables, and plants, sugars and sweeteners, polyphenols, vitamins and coenzymes, amino acids and proteins, oxidoreductases, citric acid, yeast extract, and polydextrose, and are blended with hydrogen water. The hydrogen-containing drink is prepared by degassing raw water, dissolving hydrogen gas in the degassed water through a gas-permeable hollow fiber membrane to produce hydrogen water, and dissolving or mixing the functional ingredients in the produced hydrogen water, or by dissolving or mixing the functional ingredients in raw water, degassing the resulting solution or mixture, and dissolving hydrogen gas in the degassed solution or mixture through a gas-permeable hollow fiber membrane.

[0047] WO2017177823 describes a hydrogen-containing beverage and a method for preparing the same. The hydrogen-containing beverage contains drinking water, hydrogen, and plant solids. The mass concentration of hydrogen is 0.01 ppm to 6 ppm, and the plant solids are insoluble matter dispersed in the hydrogen-containing beverage, with the mass ratio of the plant solids ranging from 0.1% to 15%. The preparation method includes the steps of selecting one or more of the following plants: nuts, legumes, fruits, vegetables, grains, and edible herbal medicines; adding hydrogen or a hydride to the drinking water to obtain hydrogen-containing water; and placing the selected one or more plants in the hydrogen-containing water and crushing it to obtain the hydrogen-containing beverage.

[0048] U.S. Patent No. 11,224,239 describes a process for producing hydrogen water, including cooling water to a temperature at which the hydrogen atoms in the water molecules expand, creating spaces between them; contacting the cooled water with gaseous hydrogen; and then heating the water to capture the gaseous hydrogen in the spaces created by the expanded hydrogen atoms in the water molecules. The hydrogen water has a hydrogen content of 3 to 10 parts per million. The hydrogen water is packaged in a pouch, and the hydrogen water in the pouch may have a hydrogen content of 1.7 to 4 parts per million.

[0049] US Publication No. 2008 / 0226566 describes the use of compositions containing at least one calcium salt and / or composites thereof to protect and / or therapeutically treat and / or prophylactically treat teeth and / or bones against damage or to prevent damage resulting from external influences, especially biological, chemical, physical and / or microbiological influences, in particular to prevent and repair erosion of bone and / or teeth, especially enamel, maintain enamel, protect teeth from aggressive acids, especially caused by bacterial activity or the effect of acids contained in food, protect teeth from demineralization, seal cracks, provide protection against and / or repair primary lesions and / or incipient caries in the enamel, smooth the tooth surface, prevent caries, make teeth easier to clean, improve the mechanical resistance of teeth, and generally keep teeth healthy.

[0050] U.S. Patent No. 7,090,878 describes a water composition fortified with at least one mineral and having a pH of about 2.5 to 9.5. The water composition has an oxidation-reduction potential that satisfies the following equation: 0 ≥ RP - (AB x pH), where RP is the oxidation-reduction potential of the mineral-containing water composition in millivolts, pH is the pH of the mineral-containing water composition, A is 400, and B is 20. The minerals are preferably selected from calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, magnesium, and mixtures thereof. Mineral-fortified water compositions are also preferably substantially free of flavoring or sweetening compounds. Even more preferably, the water composition is free of any metallic taste or aftertaste, has a Hunter colorimetric "b" reading of less than 5.0, and an NTU turbidity value of less than 5.0. The mineral-enriched water composition may optionally contain other nutrients and vitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin, thiamine, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, folic acid, selenium, and pantothenic acid.

[0051] No. AU2003218893 describes a manufactured mineral water made from four different groups of biologically acceptable soluble salts that can be prepared separately. Group A elements consist of calcium at a final concentration of 25-82 mg / L and magnesium at a final concentration of 6-18 mg / L. Group B elements consist of phosphorus at a final concentration of 15-80 mg / L, potassium at a final concentration of 50-180 mg / L, silicon at a final concentration of 0.45-1.5 mg / L, sodium at a final concentration of 3-30 mg / L, and chlorine at a final concentration of 3-28 mg / L. Group C elements consist of boron at a final concentration of 0-60 μg / L, chromium at a final concentration of 0-0.5 μg / L, cobalt at a final concentration of 0-0.5 μg / L, copper at a final concentration of 0-12 μg / L, iodine at a final concentration of 0-6 μg / L, lithium at a final concentration of 0-1.5 μg / L, manganese at a final concentration of 0-1.5 μg / L, molybdenum at a final concentration of 0-1.5 μg / L, nickel at a final concentration of 0-0.5 μg / L, selenium at a final concentration of 0-100 μg / L, tin at a final concentration of 0-1.5 μg / L, vanadium at a final concentration of 0-0.1 μg / L, and zinc at a final concentration of 0-100 μg / L. Group D consists of iron at a final concentration of 0-20 μg / L. The pH is preferably adjusted to a final value of 6.6 to 8.0 for still water or 2.5 to 8.0 for aerated or carbonated water.

[0052] JP4653945 describes a pharmacologically functional water containing antioxidant water, which contains hydrogen-dissolved water and precious metal colloids as active ingredients. Here, the hydrogen-dissolved water contains hydrogen molecules, which serve as a substrate in the source water, and the precious metal colloids contained in the hydrogen-dissolved water catalyze a reaction that decomposes the hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms as products. The pharmacologically functional water exerts pharmacological functions without any side effects and is used for the prevention and / or treatment of diseases.

[0053] U.S. Publication No. 20040096547 describes a natural energy drink, kits containing the composition, and methods for using the composition, which provide consumers with onset and maintenance of energy, mental alertness, and nutrition. In particular, the natural energy drink of this reference contains one or more disaccharides, one or more carbohydrate complexes, one or more proteins, one or more stimulants, and a vitamin premix containing at least three vitamins. The natural energy drink may optionally, but preferably, contain one or more flavanols, acidulants, colorants, minerals, soluble fiber, non-caloric sweeteners, flavorings, preservatives, emulsifiers, oils, carbonation components, and the like, for example, to improve its performance in providing energy, mental alertness, organoleptic properties, and nutritional aspects.

[0054] U.S. Patent No. 7,799,363 describes protein beverages that provide a relatively high protein content ranging from about 0.01% by weight to about 15% by weight, while optionally employing carbonation levels ranging from about 0.1 volumes of carbonation (per volume of liquid drink) to about 6 volumes of carbonation. Preferably, the protein is whey protein or other. The protein beverage may contain juice and / or additives that provide enhanced energy production. The protein beverage may be heat-treated to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms in the presence of carbonation, which may be used to provide a taste and mouthfeel for the beverage. Typically, the treatment for pathogenic microorganism inactivation occurs within the individual packaging used for storage and handling of the protein beverage. Protein beverages may be prepared from protein beverage concentrates, which may be in the form of a syrup concentrate or powder.

[0055] U.S. Patent No. 7,897,192 describes carbonated protein beverages / drink compositions that provide a relatively high protein content ranging from about 2% by weight to about 15% by weight while employing carbonation levels ranging from about 0.1 volumes of carbonation (per volume of liquid drink solution or suspension) to about 4 volumes of carbonation. A preferred protein is whey protein. Carbonated protein beverages may contain additives to enhance energy production. Carbonated protein beverages are heat-treated to inactivate microorganisms in the presence of carbonation. Typically, the microbial inactivation treatment occurs within the individual packaging used for storage and handling of the carbonated protein beverage.

[0056] U.S. Patent No. 9,351,517 describes a composition containing a water-soluble vitamin E derivative mixture (composition) such as tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS), TPGS analogs, TPGS homologs, and TPGS derivatives. The water-soluble vitamin E mixture contains a mixture of dimers and monomers of vitamin E derivatives, where the amount of dimers is greater than 12%, such as 29%, 35%, 50%, or 60%, and the amount of monomers is less than 87% by weight of the water-soluble vitamin E derivative mixture. Also provided are products containing the water-soluble vitamin E derivative mixture, including concentrates for dilution into aqueous beverages and compositions for direct consumption.

[0057] AU2018202660B2 describes a beverage containing a rare sugar and a sweetness enhancer, where the sweetness enhancer is present at or below the sweetness perception threshold concentration. Also provided is a method for improving the sweetness of a beverage containing a rare sugar by adding a sweetness enhancer at or below the sweetness perception threshold concentration. Also provided is a beverage containing a natural high-potency sweetener and a rare sugar with sugar-like properties, where the natural high-potency sweetener and the rare sugar are present in a specific weight ratio.

[0058] CA2493066 describes a method for producing a coconut water beverage having a pH below 4.5 by adding a food-grade acid to coconut water. The method converts coconut water from a low-acid food to a high-acid food, which allows the coconut water to undergo less stringent commercial sterilization processes and preserves the coconut water's natural taste and aroma. CA'066 is also directed to a blended beverage containing coconut water and fruit juice, which has natural isotonic properties.

[0059] AU2009297493 describes a carbonated drink having a high gas pressure, which has improved foam quality and is packaged in a container with a releasable cap, and which exhibits increased drinkability, allowing the stimulating feel, light taste, and refreshing sensation characteristic of carbonated drinks having a high gas pressure to persist even when stored after the container is opened and then resealed. The packaged carbonated drink of AU'493 contains at least one type of condensed phosphate in a concentration of 50 ppm to 2,000 ppm (inclusive) and a gas pressure of 2.0 to 5.0 kg / cm.

[0060] CN 102551141 describes a coconut water beverage and its preparation and use. The coconut water beverage contains coconut water puree, coconut polypeptide powder, natural coconut water, and auxiliary materials such as thickeners, sweeteners, acidulants, table salt, water, and the like. The weight ratio of the coconut water puree to the coconut polypeptide powder to the natural coconut water is 1:(0.1-0.25):(0.1-0.5). In the coconut water beverage of CN '141, the coconut water puree and coconut polypeptide powder are considered the main raw materials, and a specific amount of natural coconut water is added at the same time to compound the flavor. The coconut water beverage maintains the pure flavor of natural coconut water, is clear, completely transparent, refreshing, thirst-quenching, has a unique flavor, is rich in nutrients, and has the effects of cooling, releasing toxins, normalizing the digestive system, increasing appetite, resisting fatigue, and the like, thereby meeting people's needs for both nutritional and health care benefits. The preparation method for coconut water drink is easy to operate and suitable for industrialized production.

[0061] EP2510801 describes reduced-calorie beverages containing rebaudioside A, erythritol, and D-tagatose as sweeteners, including tea beverages, coffee beverages, juices, reduced-calorie beverages, diet beverages, and near-water, and corresponding concentrates, as well as carbonated soda beverages containing rebaudioside A and D.

[0062] EP2814332 describes nanoparticles for encapsulating compounds, their preparation and use. The nanoparticles are based on hydrophobic plant proteins, particularly zein, and water-miscible non-volatile organic solvents, particularly propylene glycol, and can encapsulate or incorporate proteins of interest for use in the agricultural, cosmetic, food, or pharmaceutical fields.

[0063] ES2456704 describes a beverage composition comprising steviol glycosides and a berry ingredient.

[0064] No. ES2609654 describes a nutritional composition for promoting musculoskeletal health in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The nutritional composition includes casein protein, vitamin K in a vitamin K1:vitamin K2 ratio of 3:1 to 1:3, vitamin K in an amount of 3.5 to 20 μg / 100 kcal of the nutritional composition, vitamin D, and alpha-linolenic acid. Pharmaceutical formulations, nutritional formulations, tube feeding formulations, dietary supplements, functional foods, beverage products, or combinations thereof, that include the nutritional composition are also described. Methods for improving musculoskeletal health are also described.

[0065] CA2850550 describes a nutritional drink composition containing a high concentration of protein and a method for making a nutritional drink composition containing a high concentration of protein.

[0066] KR102314002 describes a low-calorie water beverage that can provide excellent functional properties and functionality, and that comprises a sweetener containing allulose, an acidity regulator, and water, and has a water content of 90% by weight or more for a total water beverage of 100% by weight.

[0067] U.S. Patent No. 10,849,339 describes a beverage containing a rare sugar and a sweetness enhancer, where the sweetness enhancer is present at or below the sweetness perception threshold concentration. Also provided is a method for improving the sweetness of a beverage containing a rare sugar by adding a sweetness enhancer at or below the sweetness perception threshold concentration. Also provided is a beverage containing a natural high-potency sweetener and a rare sugar with sugar-like properties, where the natural high-potency sweetener and the rare sugar are present in a specific weight ratio.

[0068] U.S. Publication No. 20050202146 describes a water-based beverage containing soluble fiber. The water composition is substantially demineralized and has a neutral or acidic pH. The soluble fiber contained in the water composition is selected from oligosaccharides with a chain length of about 2 to 20 units and indigestible maltooligosaccharides with a molecular weight of about 2,000. The water composition of the '146 publication can be stored without any adverse effects, such as hydrolysis of the oligosaccharides, precipitation of the soluble fiber contained therein, and the like.

[0069] However, none of these references describe enriched water products containing high concentrations of dissolved hydrogen in combination with minerals and additives that provide additional health benefits. Thus, there is a pressing need for water-based beverages that provide the benefits of dissolved hydrogen in combination with desirable minerals and additives and are capable of maintaining the concentrations of these components over time. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0070] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2013 / 044929 [Non-patent literature]

[0071] [Non-Patent Document 1] M. Kajiya, K. Sato, MJ Silva, K. Ouhara, PM Do, KT Shanmugam, T. Kawai “Hydrogen from intestinal bacteria is protective for Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis”, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 386(2): 316-321 (2009) Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0072] (Summary of the Invention)

[0073] In light of the foregoing, it has been found that the above-described deficiencies in conventional aqueous beverages are addressed by the present invention and that certain advantages may be achieved thereby; and, further, an inventive aspect of this application is a system for dispensing structured water of the present invention that resembles water from a natural source (e.g., a water spring and / or waterfall), where the structured water is artificially generated by implementing, for example, chemical, mechanical, and magnetic means.

[0074] The objective of the present invention is to provide an aqueous beverage containing a balance of minerals and additives that meets the market need for a product with dissolved molecular gaseous hydrogen that improves consumer health and well-being, and in which the hydrogen dissolved in the beverage has long-term stability. The minerals can be included in the form of organic salts, which have high bioavailability (compared to inorganic salts naturally found in waterfalls or springs). As used herein, organic salts are those that contain C—H bonds, and these salts occur naturally in some organs. Therefore, bioavailability is higher than that of inorganic salts or more conventional salts. Any suitable organic salt, including, but not limited to, lactate, can be used in the beverages described herein.

[0075] An inventive aspect of the present disclosure is a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules, the polygonal water molecule comprising two or more than two adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, the helical cage structure having a central hollow lumen, and when viewed from above, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the three-dimensional helical cage structure further comprises molecular hydrogen located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the three-dimensional helical cage structure further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the three-dimensional helical cage structure further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of folic acid, citric acid, theanine, alanine, thiamine, vitamin 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0079] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is a method for forming a three-dimensional helical cage structure, the method comprising the steps of exposing standard water to a cavitation and implosion process resulting in a local pressure of about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a local temperature of at least 5,000 K, resulting in structured water comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules and comprising a central hollow lumen, the polygonal water molecules comprising two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, the helical cage structure having a hexagonal shape when viewed from above, and the density of the structured water is about 1.5 to about 5 times the density of standard water.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the source of the standard water is one or more selected from atmospheric moisture, river water, seawater, ocean water, lake water, groundwater, runoff water, reclaimed water, municipal water, tap water, glacial water, drinking water, reservoir water, and wastewater.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further includes purifying the standard water prior to exposing the standard water to the cavitation and implosion process.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the source of standard water is atmospheric moisture.

[0083] In another exemplary embodiment, the method includes condensing atmospheric moisture to form standard water and collecting the standard water prior to exposing the standard water to the cavitation and implosion process.

[0084] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is an aqueous formulation comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules prepared using the methods described above, wherein the polygonal water molecule comprises two or more adjacent water molecules connected by a hydrogen bridge, and the helical cage structure has a central hollow lumen, and when viewed from above, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape; molecular hydrogen located within the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure; and at least one additive located within the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one additive is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, folic acid, citric acid, thiamine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, alanine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, hydroxymethylbutyrate, and salts and derivatives thereof.

[0086] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is a method of preparing an aqueous formulation, the method comprising the steps of exposing standard water to a cavitation and implosion process resulting in a local pressure of about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a local temperature of at least 5,000 K to produce structured water comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules with a central hollow lumen, wherein the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape when viewed from above; and adding one or more of a first additive, a second additive, and a third additive to the structured water, wherein the polygonal water molecules are formed by two or more neighboring water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges. the structured water comprises water molecules in contact with the water molecules, the density of the structured water being about 1.5 to about 5 times the density of standard water; the first additive is molecular hydrogen; the second additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium; and the third additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of folic acid, citric acid, thiamine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, alanine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate; and the first, second, and third additives are located inside the hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0087] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is an aqueous formulation comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules, the polygonal water molecule comprising two or more adjacent water molecules connected by a hydrogen bridge, the helical cage structure having a central hollow lumen, and when viewed from above, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape; molecular hydrogen located within the central hollow lumen; and an additive located within the central hollow lumen.

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, the additive is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, folic acid, citric acid, thiamine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, alanine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, hydroxymethylbutyrate, and salts and derivatives thereof.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the additive includes at least one of calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron (II) lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, citric acid, hydroxymethylbutyric acid, citrulline, glutamine, alanine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, and vitamin B12.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, the additive includes molecular hydrogen, calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, citric acid, hydroxymethylbutyric acid, citrulline, glutamine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, and vitamin B9.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, the concentration of molecular hydrogen is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L, the concentration of calcium lactate is from about 100 mg / L to about 8,200 mg / L, the concentration of magnesium lactate is from about 40 mg / L to about 5,800 mg / L, the concentration of iron lactate is from about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, the concentration of zinc sulfate is from about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, the concentration of copper sulfate is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 2 mg / L, the concentration of sodium selenite is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 0.1 mg / L, the concentration of citric acid is from about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, and the concentration of hydroxyl is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 0.1 mg / L. The concentration of dimethylbutyric acid is about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L, the concentration of citrulline is about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L, the concentration of glutamine is about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L, the concentration of vitamin B1 is about 0.1 mg / L to about 5 mg / L, the concentration of vitamin B2 is about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, the concentration of vitamin B6 is about 10 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, the concentration of vitamin B7 is about 0.01 mg / L to about 10 mg / L, and the concentration of vitamin B9 is about 0.01 mg / L to about 10 mg / L.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the additive includes molecular hydrogen, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, alanine, theanine, and vitamin B12.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, the concentration of molecular hydrogen is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L, the concentration of magnesium lactate is from about 40 mg / L to about 5,800 mg / L, the concentration of iron lactate is from about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, the concentration of zinc sulfate is from about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, the concentration of copper sulfate is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 2 mg / L, the concentration of sodium selenite is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 0.1 mg / L, the concentration of alanine is from about 500 mg / L to about 10,000 mg / L, the concentration of theanine is from about 10 mg / L to about 500 mg / L, and the concentration of vitamin B12 is from about 0.001 mg / L to about 1 mg / L.

[0094] An inventive aspect of the present disclosure provides a structured water generator comprising: a housing; a water source coupled to the housing; a water filtration system within the housing, the water filtration system receiving water from the water source and outputting filtered water; a structured water generator coupled to the water filtration system and configured to receive the filtered water and output structured water, the structured water generator comprising: a motor; a rotation generator coupled to the motor; and a vortex generator coupled to the rotation generator by a shaft, the vortex generator configured to rotate at a first speed based on a rotational speed of the rotation generator, the vortex generator comprising a spiral tube, the vortex generator configured to generate structured water in accordance with the first speed; and a mineral reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water source, for generating MgO and H2 and transporting the MgO and H2 to the structured water generator. the water dispensing device includes: a mineral reactor configured to mix magnesium with filtered water received from a water filtration system, the mineral reactor including: a container configured to store magnesium; and a rotor coupled to the container, the rotor configured to mix the magnesium with filtered water received from a water filtration system to generate MgO and H2; a gas source coupled to the structured water generator, the gas source configured to provide one or more gases to the structured water generator, the one or more gases including at least one of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer configured to generate a magnetic field to align the structured water in a certain direction; and a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser configured to dispense the structured water.

[0095] In another exemplary embodiment, the water injection device further comprises a mixer, the mixer being a cyclone mixer configured to mix the MgO and H2 with the filtered water at the second speed.

[0096] In another exemplary embodiment, the rotation generator comprises a first wheel and a second wheel, the diameter of the first wheel being greater than the diameter of the second wheel.

[0097] In another exemplary embodiment, the spiral tube has a conical shape.

[0098] In another exemplary embodiment, the rotor includes a screw-type mixing rod configured to mix MgO and H2 with filtered water.

[0099] In another exemplary embodiment, the first speed of the vortex generator is between 1,800 rpm and 7,000 rpm.

[0100] In another exemplary embodiment, a water filtration system includes a water filter, a reverse osmosis filter, and a sterilizer.

[0101] In another exemplary embodiment, the reverse osmosis filter comprises at least one cation exchange membrane for removing salts.

[0102] In another exemplary embodiment, the sterilizer comprises an ultraviolet light source.

[0103] In another exemplary embodiment, the water filter comprises at least one of a sediment filter, a granular activated carbon filter, or a compact activated carbon filter.

[0104] In another exemplary embodiment, the water source comprises a condenser for condensing and collecting atmospheric moisture and a collector.

[0105] In another exemplary embodiment, the condenser and collector are arranged prior to the structured water generator.

[0106] In another exemplary embodiment, the condenser comprises a cooling system, the cooling system comprising at least one of a radial fan, an axial fan, or a thermoelectric cooler.

[0107] In another exemplary embodiment, the magnetizer comprises one or more neodymium magnets.

[0108] In another exemplary embodiment, the gas source further comprises a hydrogen generator that produces hydrogen.

[0109] In another exemplary embodiment, the mineral reactor produces H2 via a chemical reaction between magnesium and filtered water according to the following reaction:

[0110] [ka]

[0111] In another exemplary embodiment, the magnesium comprises granular magnesium having a particle size between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

[0112] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is a water dispensing device comprising: a structured water generator comprising a water source; a structured water generator coupled to the water source and configured to receive water and output structured water, the vortex generator configured to rotate at a speed; a reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water source, the reactor configured to generate H2 and transfer the H2 to the structured water generator; a gas source coupled to the structured water generator, the gas source configured to provide one or more gases to the structured water generator; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer configured to generate a magnetic field and align the structured water in a direction; and a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser configured to dispense the structured water.

[0113] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure provides a structured water generator coupled to the water source, the structured water generator comprising: a water source; a structured water generator coupled to the water source and configured to receive water and output structured water; a motor; a rotation generator coupled to the motor; and a vortex generator coupled to the rotation generator by a shaft, the vortex generator configured to rotate at a first speed based on a rotational speed of the rotation generator, the vortex generator comprising a spiral tube, the vortex generator configured to generate structured water in accordance with the first speed of the vortex generator; and a structured water generator coupled to the structured water generator and the water source. a mineral reactor configured to generate MgO and H2 and transfer the MgO and H2 to a structured water generator; a gas source coupled to the structured water generator, the gas source configured to provide one or more gases to the structured water generator; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer configured to generate a magnetic field to align the structured water in a certain direction; and a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser configured to dispense the structured water.

[0114] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is a method for generating structured water, the method including the steps of receiving water from a water source; providing the water to a structured water generator, the structured water generator including a vortex generator; providing hydrogen to the structured water generator by a reactor; providing one or more gases to the structured water generator by a gas source; rotating the vortex generator at a speed to induce cavitation and implosion in the vortex generator and generate vortices to produce structured water; outputting the structured water by the structured water generator; and generating a magnetic field by a magnetizer to align the structured water in a certain direction.

[0115] The water injection system is developed to use water from a water supply network or from any other source, and preferably integrates water treatment, including but not limited to filtration and purification. Optionally, the device can have a carbonation unit for carbonating the water. Following such treatment, the water can be served to the consumer.

[0116] In other exemplary embodiments, the water dispensing device may include a cooling system for cooling the water prior to adding it to the structured water generator.

[0117] The present disclosure aims to provide water for human consumption with enhanced properties, which can be advantageously used to prevent or treat disease and improve patient health. The structured water dispensed from the water dispensing device of the present disclosure also provides energy for the proper functioning of the consumer's internal cells, organs, and body.

[0118] These and other features of the present invention will now be described with reference to drawings of specific embodiments that are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the invention. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0119] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0120] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of structured water of the present invention showing the two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement of water molecules after the structuring process.

[0121] [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a hexagonal arrangement of water molecules showing two successive planes of the hexagonal formation of hydrogen and oxygen molecules, with the planes of the water molecules parallel to the surface.

[0122] [Figure 3A]FIG. 3A is a diagrammatic representation of a single three-dimensional helical cage structure of a polygonal water molecule of structured water of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a top view of the helical structure of FIG. 3A. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3A is a diagrammatic representation of a single three-dimensional helical cage structure of a polygonal water molecule of structured water of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is a top view of the helical structure of FIG. 3A.

[0123] [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a visual representation of the arrangement of various cations within the hollow lumen of the structured water of the present invention.

[0124] [Figure 5A] 5A and 5B are illustrations of a calcium lactate molecule showing the separation of the molecule into three parts upon dissolution in water. [Figure 5B] 5A and 5B are illustrations of a calcium lactate molecule showing the separation of the molecule into three parts upon dissolution in water.

[0125] [Figure 6A] 6A-6C are diagrams illustrating three stages during the structuring process of the present invention. [Figure 6B] 6A-6C are diagrams illustrating three stages during the structuring process of the present invention. [Figure 6C] 6A-6C are diagrams illustrating three stages during the structuring process of the present invention.

[0126] [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a calibration curve used in measuring the dissolved hydrogen concentration in the working examples of the present application.

[0127] [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows vortices caused by blood flowing through the human heart.

[0128] [Figure 9]9 and 10 are representative illustrations to explain the processes of cavitation and implosion. [Figure 10] 9 and 10 are representative illustrations to explain the processes of cavitation and implosion.

[0129] [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a graphical representation of the dissociation of water as a function of temperature.

[0130] [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram of a thermochemical process for the generation of hydrogen gas from water.

[0131] [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a graphical representation of the results of a conventional method of producing water with dissolved hydrogen.

[0132] [Figure 14] Figures 14-16 are schematic illustrations of the evolution of H2 from the reaction of Mg and H2O. [Figure 15] Figures 14-16 are schematic illustrations of the evolution of H2 from the reaction of Mg and H2O. [Figure 16] Figures 14-16 are schematic illustrations of the evolution of H2 from the reaction of Mg and H2O.

[0133] [Figure 17] Figure 17 is a representation of vortex flow in a fluid as a function of the radius of the vortex.

[0134] [Figure 18] 18-23 are illustrative embodiments of the water injection system of the present invention. [Figure 19] 18-23 are illustrative embodiments of the water injection system of the present invention. [Figure 20] 18-23 are illustrative embodiments of the water injection system of the present invention. [Figure 21]18-23 are illustrative embodiments of the water injection system of the present invention. [Figure 22] 18-23 are illustrative embodiments of the water injection system of the present invention. [Figure 23] 18-23 are illustrative embodiments of the water injection system of the present invention.

[0135] [Figure 24A] FIG. 24A is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a water injection system of the present invention, and FIG. 24B is an exploded view of the water injection system of FIG. 17A. [Figure 24B] FIG. 24A is an illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a water injection system of the present invention, and FIG. 24B is an exploded view of the water injection system of FIG. 17A.

[0136] [Figure 24C] 24C-24E are diagrammatic illustrations of various components of the water injection system of FIG. 24A. [Figure 24D] 24C-24E are diagrammatic illustrations of various components of the water injection system of FIG. 24A. [Figure 24E] 24C-24E are diagrammatic illustrations of various components of the water injection system of FIG. 24A.

[0137] [Figure 24F] 24F and 24G are representative illustrations of vortices generated inside the water injection system of FIG. 24A. [Figure 24G] 24F and 24G are representative illustrations of vortices generated inside the water injection system of FIG. 24A.

[0138] [Figure 25A] 25A and 25B are illustrations of a large scale water injection system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 25B] 25A and 25B are illustrations of a large scale water injection system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0139] [Figure 26A] 26A-26C are illustrations of a compact water injection system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 26B] 26A-26C are illustrations of a compact water injection system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 26C] 26A-26C are illustrations of a compact water injection system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0140] [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a cutaway view of section 2000A of the water injection system of FIG. 17A.

[0141] [Figure 28] FIG. 28 is a flow chart of a method for forming structured water of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0142] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0143] Detailed Description of the Invention Further aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description that follows. It should be understood that the various individual aspects and features of the present invention described herein may be combined in any number with any one or more of the individual aspects or features to form embodiments of the present invention that are specifically contemplated and encompassed by the present invention. Furthermore, any of the features recited in the claims may be combined with any of the other features recited in the claims, in any number or combination thereof. Such combinations are also expressly contemplated as being encompassed by the present invention.

[0144] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0145] As used herein, "about" is a term of approximation and is intended to include slight variations of the literally recited quantity, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Such variations include, for example, the standard deviation associated with techniques commonly used to measure the amounts of constituent elements or components of alloys or composite materials, or other properties and characteristics. All values ​​characterized by the modifier "about" described above are also intended to include the exact numerical value disclosed herein, as well as acceptable variations of such values. Additionally, all ranges include the upper and lower limits of the range.

[0146] To maximize the benefits of dissolved hydrogen and micronutrients and to compensate for deficiencies in traditional water-based beverages, the present devices and systems are directed to the production of structured water having properties consistent with the inventive aspects of this disclosure. A need exists for a system that not only purifies and structures water to produce the structured water of the present invention, but also allows for its energetic and structural improvement and the addition of beneficial nutrients such as hydrogen and minerals to the water.

[0147] Traditionally, "structured water" is defined as the total fraction of water that does not freeze below the transition point and exists between the semi-solid and solid states of water. "Structured water" has also been defined as the fraction of water that surrounds macromolecules such as proteins. These definitions are consistent with those of other researchers, who refer to this type of water as a "hydration layer" (Laage, Damien, Elsaesser, Thomas, and Hynes, James. (2017). "Perspective: Structure and ultrafast dynamics of biomolecular hydration shells". Structural Dynamics. 4. 044018. 10.1063 / 1.4981019).

[0148] When water is structured, it increases its capacity to retain dissolved hydrogen and change its diamagnetic properties compared to conventional water. Conventional drinking water's maximum capacity for dissolved hydrogen is approximately 2 ppm. In comparison, structured water can retain dissolved hydrogen at levels of approximately 3 ppm to approximately 5 ppm. That is, structured water increases its hydrogen retention capacity by approximately 50% to approximately 150% compared to conventional drinking water. An example of structured water is the "plasma" used in seawater therapy at Quinton Laboratories. Such plasma is naturally generated in ocean vortexes and has been successfully used to treat certain conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, immune dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, the progression of atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and allergic rhinitis (Thomas Cowan, "Cancer and the New Biology of Water," Chelsea Green Publishing, 2019, ISBN: 9781603588812).

[0149] A relationship between the physical properties of structured water and cancer development at the molecular level has also been established: Empirical studies have shown that mice with tumors have lower amounts of structured water in their serum, liver, and heart (Pouliquen D, Olivier C, Debien E, Meflah K, Vallette FM, Menanteau J. "Changes in liver mitochondrial plasticity induced by brain tumor." BMC Cancer. 2006 Oct 3;6:234. doi: 10.1186 / 1471-2407-6-234. PMID: 17018136; PMCID: PMC1599747). Research has also shown that the increase in unstructured water (i.e., the absence of a hydration layer) initially leads to cellular dysfunction (e.g., benign tumors) and, in the worst cases, increased cell proliferation (i.e., abnormal growth) (Jose de Felippe Jr., Paula Vinas, Gustavo Vilela, Valter Hamachi, George Gennari, "Integrative Medical Oncology: Pathophysiology and Treatment," Editora Sarvier, 8 April 2019).

[0150] The structured arrangement of bodily fluids, including water, blood, plasma, etc., is a sign of the body in perfect condition, which confirms that not only do humans require water with specific minerals, but that the water must also be structured in a specific way. Hydrogen has also been shown to benefit people with metabolic syndrome and athletes.

[0151] As used herein, the term "structured water" refers to a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules with a hollow lumen, the polygonal water molecule containing two or more adjacent water molecules connected by a hydrogen bridge. When viewed from above, the arrangement of water molecules in the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape. The terms "structured water" and "HO molecules" are used interchangeably throughout this application. As explained above, the structure and growth of planar structures of water at different interfaces have been previously studied. While these previous studies related to natural hydrogen bridge interactions in specific regions of water, the structured water of the present invention, as explained herein, is such that the arrangement of water molecules is altered by applying high-energy processes to water during cavitation and implosion processes, in addition to the effects of magnetization and mineral infusion processes. These processes change the energy of the bonds between adjacent water molecules, and a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules is achieved, with the polygonal water molecule having a hollow lumen containing two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges with unique properties. The main difference between the "structured water" or H3O2 molecules found in the literature and those of the present invention lies in the promotion of molecular self-replication, where the formation of the three-dimensional spiral cage structure of the present invention is promoted, which is achieved under appropriate high-energy processes.

[0152] Furthermore, the structured water of the present invention differs from commonly known or described "structured water" because "structured water" as known until the discovery of the present invention refers to an inherent treatment of water. In comparison, the structured water of the present invention is produced by the application of a high-energy process ("structuring") as described herein. Structuring is a process in which water undergoes rapid changes in pressure and temperature at subambient temperatures, along with several organic and inorganic salts, using implosion and cavitation energy, such that this energy can improve molecular interactions and alter the properties of the water. As a result, the electrical and thermal conductivity of the water can be altered to facilitate the formation of the structured water of the present invention. This change in the water's properties, along with subsequent reductions in temperature, addition of molecular gases, and magnetization, facilitates the formation of the structured water of the present invention. The structured water of the present invention alters the properties of the water and the bioavailability of its constituent elements. As used herein below, unless otherwise indicated, the term "structured water" refers to the structured water of the present invention, which has the inventive aspects of this disclosure.

[0153] As used herein, "beverage," "beverage composition," "beverage formulation," "composition," and "formulation" are used interchangeably and refer to an aqueous formulation suitable for consumption by a subject.

[0154] Unless otherwise indicated, each individual feature or embodiment herein can be combined, without limitation, with any other individual feature or embodiment described herein, and such combinations are specifically contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention, whether or not they are explicitly described as combinations herein.

[0155] Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific terms used herein have the meaning commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this description pertains. Various methodologies and materials known to those skilled in the art are referenced herein.

[0156] An inventive aspect of the present disclosure is a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules, the polygonal water molecule comprising two or more than two adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, the helical cage structure having a central hollow lumen, and when viewed from above, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape.

[0157] In an exemplary embodiment, the three-dimensional helical cage structure further comprises molecular hydrogen located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0158] In an exemplary embodiment, the three-dimensional helical cage structure further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0159] In an exemplary embodiment, the three-dimensional helical cage structure further comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of folic acid, citric acid, theanine, alanine, thiamine, vitamin 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0160] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is a method for forming a three-dimensional helical cage structure, the method comprising the steps of exposing standard water to a cavitation and implosion process resulting in a local pressure of about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a local temperature of at least 5,000 K, resulting in structured water comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules and comprising a central hollow lumen, the polygonal water molecules comprising two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, the helical cage structure having a hexagonal shape when viewed from above, and the density of the structured water is about 1.5 to about 5 times the density of standard water.

[0161] In an exemplary embodiment, the source of the standard water is one or more selected from atmospheric moisture, river water, seawater, ocean water, lake water, groundwater, runoff water, reclaimed water, municipal water, tap water, glacial water, drinking water, reservoir water, and wastewater.

[0162] In an exemplary embodiment, the method further includes purifying the standard water prior to exposing the standard water to the cavitation and implosion process.

[0163] In an exemplary embodiment, the source of standard water is atmospheric moisture.

[0164] In another exemplary embodiment, the method includes condensing atmospheric moisture to form standard water and collecting the standard water prior to exposing the standard water to the cavitation and implosion process.

[0165] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is an aqueous formulation comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules prepared using the methods described above, wherein the polygonal water molecule comprises two or more adjacent water molecules connected by a hydrogen bridge, and the helical cage structure has a central hollow lumen, and when viewed from above, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape; molecular hydrogen located within the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure; and at least one additive located within the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0166] In an exemplary embodiment, the at least one additive is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, folic acid, citric acid, thiamine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, alanine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, hydroxymethylbutyrate, and salts and derivatives thereof.

[0167] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is a method of preparing an aqueous formulation, the method comprising the steps of exposing standard water to a cavitation and implosion process resulting in a local pressure of about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a local temperature of at least 5,000 K to produce structured water comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules with a central hollow lumen, wherein the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape when viewed from above; and adding one or more of a first additive, a second additive, and a third additive to the structured water, wherein the polygonal water molecules are formed by two or more neighboring water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges. the structured water comprises water molecules in contact with the water molecules, the density of the structured water being about 1.5 to about 5 times the density of standard water; the first additive is molecular hydrogen; the second additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium; and the third additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of folic acid, citric acid, thiamine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, alanine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate; and the first, second, and third additives are located inside the hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

[0168] Another inventive aspect of the present disclosure is an aqueous formulation comprising a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules, the polygonal water molecule comprising two or more adjacent water molecules connected by a hydrogen bridge, the helical cage structure having a central hollow lumen, and when viewed from above, the helical cage structure has a hexagonal shape; molecular hydrogen located within the central hollow lumen; and an additive located within the central hollow lumen.

[0169] In an exemplary embodiment, the additive is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, folic acid, citric acid, thiamine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, alanine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, hydroxymethylbutyrate, and salts and derivatives thereof.

[0170] In an exemplary embodiment, the additive includes at least one of calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron (II) lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, citric acid, hydroxymethylbutyric acid, citrulline, glutamine, alanine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, and vitamin B12.

[0171] In an exemplary embodiment, the additive includes molecular hydrogen, calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, citric acid, hydroxymethylbutyric acid, citrulline, glutamine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, and vitamin B9.

[0172] In an exemplary embodiment, the concentration of molecular hydrogen is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L, the concentration of calcium lactate is from about 100 mg / L to about 8,200 mg / L, the concentration of magnesium lactate is from about 40 mg / L to about 5,800 mg / L, the concentration of iron lactate is from about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, the concentration of zinc sulfate is from about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, the concentration of copper sulfate is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 2 mg / L, the concentration of sodium selenite is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 0.1 mg / L, the concentration of citric acid is from about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, and the concentration of hydroxyl is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 0.1 mg / L. The concentration of dimethylbutyric acid is about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L, the concentration of citrulline is about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L, the concentration of glutamine is about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L, the concentration of vitamin B1 is about 0.1 mg / L to about 5 mg / L, the concentration of vitamin B2 is about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, the concentration of vitamin B6 is about 10 mg / L to about 200 mg / L, the concentration of vitamin B7 is about 0.01 mg / L to about 10 mg / L, and the concentration of vitamin B9 is about 0.01 mg / L to about 10 mg / L.

[0173] In an exemplary embodiment, the additive includes molecular hydrogen, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, alanine, theanine, and vitamin B12.

[0174] In an exemplary embodiment, the concentration of molecular hydrogen is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L, the concentration of magnesium lactate is from about 40 mg / L to about 5,800 mg / L, the concentration of iron lactate is from about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, the concentration of zinc sulfate is from about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, the concentration of copper sulfate is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 2 mg / L, the concentration of sodium selenite is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 0.1 mg / L, the concentration of alanine is from about 500 mg / L to about 10,000 mg / L, the concentration of theanine is from about 10 mg / L to about 500 mg / L, and the concentration of vitamin B12 is from about 0.001 mg / L to about 1 mg / L.

[0175] The above-described concentrations of the various components can be equal to any integer value within any of the numerical ranges described above, including the endpoints of these ranges and any permissible variations.

[0176] An aspect of the present invention is an aqueous beverage containing inorganic minerals and molecular hydrogen dissolved therein, along with minerals in the form of organic salts that have high bioavailability (i.e., higher bioavailability than inorganic salts naturally found in waterfalls or springs). The aqueous beverage of the present invention has a high concentration of molecular hydrogen dissolved therein compared to conventional beverages and / or formulations available on the market. The creation of exclusion zones within the structured water of the present invention allows for hydrogen retention over longer periods, so that dissolved molecular hydrogen is retained in the aqueous formulation over time. For example, but not limited to, dissolved hydrogen may be retained in the aqueous beverage in the form of hydrogen nanobubbles for a period of about 1 day to about 6 months.

[0177] Another aspect of the present invention is the inclusion of trace elements, including, but not limited to, minerals and / or additives, which improve hydrogen retention and increase the health benefits of the aqueous formulation.Trace elements or transient bioelements are elements present in small amounts in the body, the absence or excess of which can disrupt the body's chemical balance.For this reason, it is essential that these elements are present in a properly balanced amount for the proper functioning of chemical processes occurring at the cellular level, thus achieving optimal performance of physiological systems.

[0178] Trace elements have at least five functions in living organisms. Some are integral parts of catalytic centers where reactions necessary for life occur. Trace elements are involved in attracting substrate molecules and converting them into specific end products. Certain trace elements donate or accept electrons during oxidation or reduction reactions. Some trace elements have structural functions and provide stability to certain important biological molecules, while others exert regulatory functions. They also control important biological processes through specific actions, including hormone activation, binding of molecules to their receptor sites on cell membranes, and triggering the expression of certain genes. See, for example, Berdanier, CD (2010). "Ocho: Deficiencia de oligoelementos. En Nutricion y alimentos," (page 147). Mexico: McGraw Hill.

[0179] Some examples of such trace elements are:

[0180] Calcium: Calcium is associated with bone and tooth structure in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals. However, beyond this well-known function, calcium has other less well-known functions that are fundamental to human metabolism. For example, each cell membrane has calcium-dependent channels, and these channels are one of the body's most widely used forms of cell communication. This communication is visible in myocardial contractions, affecting cardiac rhythm; alterations can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and altered vascular contraction (a crucial factor for blood pressure control). Just as calcium influences myocardial contraction, it also influences muscle contraction. Thus, bodily movement also depends on calcium. Calcium also influences the breakdown of glycogen by insulin to provide energy. In addition to the aforementioned functions, there are seven calcium-dependent factors and regulators in the complex vitamin K-dependent pathway, which leads to blood clotting and related repair processes.

[0181] Magnesium: Magnesium is commonly associated with green leafy vegetables and muscle problems associated with the appearance of "cramps," but we know very little about its direct effects. This element is involved in over 300 different metabolic processes. Because magnesium is easily dissipated within each cellular structure to perform its functions, measuring blood magnesium levels (i.e., plasma magnesium concentration) usually does not correlate with the true level of magnesium in our body. Magnesium is required by proteins that synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in mitochondria. ATP is the molecule that provides energy for nearly every metabolic process in our body. Therefore, without magnesium, there would be no energy to function. Magnesium also plays an important role, along with calcium, in bone formation and in the structure of cell membranes and chromosomes, structures with specific folded geometries that contain genetic information. Magnesium is also involved in cell signaling molecules corresponding to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is important for calcium and magnesium regulation and for activating proteins primarily for hormonal function, including activation of parathyroid hormone, which is involved in cell migration processes necessary for wound healing.

[0182] Iron: Iron is well known as a component of hemoglobin, performing the essential function of transporting oxygen in our blood. Iron also plays a role in multiple processes, including DNA repair and immunological functions. Iron, along with ATP, participates in pathways associated with NADH dehydrogenase, which is involved in the production of energy at the cellular level. Iron also participates in detoxification processes, primarily through a group of enzymes called cytochromes, which are involved in the metabolism of drugs and pollutants eliminated from our system during cleansing processes. One of the mechanisms of cell destruction and damage is through oxygen radicals, and iron-dependent catalase and some peroxidases act as antioxidants to prevent the negative effects of these oxygen radicals. Iron-dependent ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is important because it helps repair DNA (genetic information). Additionally, iron plays a direct role in the formation of T lymphocytes, defense cells that coordinate immune responses during inflammatory and infectious disease processes. In conditions of low oxygen supply, such as inhabitants of settlements located above mean sea level, or in patients with lung diseases that do not allow adequate oxygen supply (e.g., patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), iron is involved in the process of accelerating the formation of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) and the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in order to obtain better levels of oxygen in these particular conditions.

[0183] Copper: Although not a well-known element as a key catalyst for metabolic pathways, copper is involved in various metabolic processes through complex enzymes called caproenzymes, or copper-dependent enzymes, which are involved in the production of cellular energy by oxidizing cytochrome c, which enables the production of cellular ATP. One of these enzymes is lysyl oxidase, which is essential for the integrity of the major connective tissues in the heart and blood vessels, as well as for bone formation. Another enzyme is ferroxidase, which is involved in the metabolism and formation of iron; therefore, copper also supports oxygen transport and storage. Caproenzymes are also involved in the proper functioning of the human brain by forming neurotransmitters that control all brain functions, specifically the formation of dopamine and then norepinephrine. Similarly, these copper-dependent enzymes are necessary for the maintenance of myelin, the protective coating of neurons, and are involved in the rapid transmission of information through neural networks. Superoxide dismutase and catalase are also copper-dependent enzymes, which are involved in the elimination of oxygen free radicals that degrade our cell membranes and can counteract cell damage by acting as antioxidants.

[0184] Selenium: Selenium is a component of a complex family called selenoproteins, which are generated by more than 25 genes encoding them. Most of the specific functions of this family are known, but some metabolic functions remain unknown. However, one of their main functions, common to most families, is the reduction of oxidative stress (i.e., cell membrane degradation caused by free radicals), and selenoproteins are one of the main natural antioxidant systems in the human body. Each family of these proteins has a specific function targeted at a specific organ; for example, thioreductase is involved in the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, selenoprotein P acts mainly on the brain and testes, selenoprotein W protects not only skeletal muscle and heart but also the breast and prostate, and selenoprotein S is involved in DNA repair processes. Using each member of these families, the human body sometimes has antioxidant structures for several organs, with protective functions spanning several systems.

[0185] Zinc: Zinc plays an important role in human growth and development, immune function, neurotransmission, vision, reproduction, and intestinal ion transport. Zinc is involved in over 3,000 metabolic processes in the human body. For a deeper understanding, zinc's functions can be divided into catalytic and structural functions. Different functions in the human body are carried out by proteins, and at the cellular level, the formation of these proteins requires a specific molecular structure. Without this specific molecular structure, i.e., protein folding, proteins do not function and their functions are not possible. Zinc is essential for protein formation because it ensures the original structure is folded into the specific molecular structure. This element is involved not only in protein formation (catalysis) but also in protein maintenance (structural function). Zinc is also involved in other processes, such as specialized detoxification processes corresponding to the elimination of heavy metals through the action of metallothionein, cellular energy production, and the process of nerve impulse transmission.

[0186] Another aspect of the present invention is the inclusion of additives, such as valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, and the like, that improve the properties of water, such that consuming water containing these additives can affect performance in physical activities such as sports.

[0187] Valine is an essential branched-chain amino acid and one of the 20 amino acids used by cells to synthesize proteins. Valine is involved in the formation, repair, and metabolism of muscle tissue and helps regulate positive nitrogen levels. It is used by muscles to help generate energy during physical activity. It also protects the nervous system, which therefore helps maintain mental health and blood sugar balance.

[0188] Isoleucine is an essential amino acid that helps in the production of proteins. Other functions include regulating blood sugar levels, hemoglobin formation, and muscle tissue repair.

[0189] Citrulline is a non-essential amino acid that is primarily formed inside mitochondria from ornithine or glutamine. The citrulline pathway begins in mitochondria, where it then leaves the mitochondria to form arginine and, ultimately, urea. Citrulline is also a precursor to nitric oxide, which helps eliminate nitrogen-containing waste products from the body. Therefore, it is often used in supplements that aim to increase nitric oxide synthesis. Citrulline also has the ability to relax blood vessels, helping to protect the cardiovascular system and improving the immune system.

[0190] Glutamine helps regulate the body's over-response to inflammation and disease, thereby improving patient health; establishes a balance between vascular dilation and constriction; helps transport lymphocytes and neutrophils to sites of attack; helps intestinal cells function as a barrier against infection; and aids in nutrient absorption and protective functions.

[0191] Although certain exemplary minerals and additives are described in the preceding paragraphs, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any mineral and / or additive that provides a beneficial effect to the consumer can be included in the beverages of the present invention.

[0192] The aqueous formulation may also be a functional aqueous beverage containing dissolved molecular hydrogen, minerals, and / or additives, and additional elements that provide energy, improve cardiovascular performance, and replenish nutrients lost during strenuous activity, effort, and / or physical training. The additional element can be any suitable element, compound, or composition that provides the properties discussed, including, but not limited to, one or more branched-chain amino acids, creatine, β-alanine, L-carnitine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), thiamine, casein, glucosamine, collagen, hyaluronic acid, cysteine, methionine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, lysine, tyrosine, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, isoflavones, chenopodin or 11S globulin, 2S albumin, choline, protease, lipase, amylase, lactase, sunflower lecithin, 7-ketohydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), diindolylmethane, arbutin, ursolic acid, tannic acid, and the like.

[0193] The hydrogen, minerals, and additives are retained in the aqueous formulation over time to form the structured water of the present invention. The process of forming the structured water of the present invention (the "structuring process") involves the formation of implosion bubbles, which generates the energy required to form the structured water of the present invention. The process of forming HO molecules involves the generation of cavitation bubbles under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions, followed by an implosion process. The implosion process and hydrodynamic impact generated from the implosion of several individual cavitation bubbles near a rigid boundary affect the pressure on the geometric characteristics of the area, generating HO.

[0194] It is conventionally known that hydrogen is susceptible to separation from water molecules under certain conditions of pressure and temperature using a variety of methods, including vortex generation, cavitation, and implosion. There are several conventional reactions that can be used to produce hydrogen, including, but not limited to, electrochemistry, thermochemistry, photochemistry, radiochemistry, biochemistry, and hybrids.

[0195] The application of a particular technology for hydrogen production depends on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the nature of the feedstock used, the available energy sources, including, but not limited to, polar, nuclear, hydroelectric, thermal, geothermal, wind, biomass, biofuels, fossil fuels, and the like, the scale of production, and the like. When hydrogen is produced from water and a high temperature reservoir is available as a source of thermal energy, the following conversion technologies can be used: water electrolysis (requires electricity), thermochemical cycle, and hybrid thermochemical cycle.

[0196] A water molecule can dissociate into its constituent components, namely oxygen and hydrogen, under pyrolysis conditions according to the following chemical reaction:

[0197] [ka]

[0198] Table 1 lists the percentage of water dissociation at different temperatures.

[0199] [Table 1]

[0200] The standard thermodynamic functions for gaseous water (water vapor) are:

[0201] [ka]

[0202] [ka]

[0203] [ka] and

[0204] [ka]

[0205] The functions shown above do not take into account the potential catalytic effects of substances commonly present in water, such as calcium and magnesium, among others.

[0206] The vortex, which generates the phenomena of cavitation and implosion according to the functions described above, provides the appropriate pressure and temperature conditions for hydrogen production from water. Vortex formation and the associated phenomena of cavitation and implosion will be described herein. Dissolved hydrogen in structured water dispensed from the water dispensing machines described herein has long-term stability, can function as an important physiological regulator for cells and organs, and has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects, among various other beneficial effects, as described herein.

[0207] The word cavitation comes from cavity and has its origin in Latin. Cavitation was first successfully studied by Reynolds in 1984 ("Effect of different design features of the reactor on hydrodynamic cavitation process" (J. Ozonek, K. Lenik b), Archives of Materials Science and Engineering, Vol: 52, Issue: 2, 2011, pp: 112-117). Cavitation describes a phenomenon that occurs inside a liquid when the pressure field undergoes changes over time and distance. These changes depend on the properties of the liquid, which causes the formation of gaps that fill with fluid in its vapor phase, which is then violently compressed and reaches the gas phase at high pressures and temperatures. Due to this process, there is a rapid transfer of energy between the area where a vacuum previously existed and where the water changes in density.

[0208] This phenomenon is caused by the difference between the static and vapor pressure of a fluid. When a fluid's static pressure (the pressure of the fluid at rest) is lower than its vapor pressure, small vapor-filled cavities can exist in the fluid. Increasing the pressure on the fluid causes these cavities to implode or collapse, thereby generating a wave of energy that radiates from the site of implosion.

[0209] A representative schematic of this process is shown in Figure 9. In Figure 9, a single cavitation bubble 3200 is shown under normal pressure conditions (prior to exposure to a pressure gradient). When the cavitation bubble 3200 is subjected to a baroclinic pressure (ρ × p1) at one point and converges in an area with a different pressure gradient (p2), the cavitation bubble 3200 experiences a shock wave that travels through the fluid due to the difference in pressure gradients. This causes the cavitation bubble 3200 to implode, forming an imploded cavitation bubble 3300, which generates additional energy. Generally represented by ρ × p, where ρ is the density gradient of the fluid and p is the pressure gradient of the fluid, baroclinic pressure is a measure of the mismatch between the density gradient and pressure gradient of the fluid.

[0210] Another schematic representation of this process is shown in Figure 10. As illustrated in Figure 10, when vortices are generated in a fluid at a velocity V0 by the action of a rotor (e.g., rotating blades) 3000, cavitation bubbles 3200 appear in the fluid. When these cavitation bubbles 3200 encounter the pressure differential created by the vortices along isobars 3400, the cavitation bubbles implode into ellipsoidally shaped imploded cavitation bubbles 3300.

[0211] There are various methods for generating the cavitation and implosion processes described above, including, but not limited to, (1.) flow over a hydrofoil, (2.) supercavitating hydrofoil, (3.) flow over a propeller, (4.) turbulent cutting flow, (5.) use of a water inlet cavity, and (6.) bubble chambers.

[0212] The molecular structures present in the structured water, the geometric properties of individual incubation molecules, and groups of molecules were simulated, and the hydrodynamic impact pressures of individual cavitation bubble implosions were calculated as described herein (incorporated herein in its entirety) based on qualitative characterization of various parameters, such as the hydrodynamic impact pressure and impact velocity of the liquid microjet, and the hydrodynamic gravity generated by the cavitation and implosion processes. Most hydrodynamic impacts were within the calculated local pressure range of 0.2 GPa to 3 GPa. The calculated temperatures achieved in these processes reached greater than 5,000 K in a few nanoseconds, which changes the fluid density by approximately 1.5 to approximately 6 times in the area immediately adjacent to the implosion.

[0213] The water contained in the aqueous formulations of the present application can be obtained from any source, including, but not limited to, non-potable water that is treated to make it potable, local or municipal water supplies, atmospheric water that is condensed, collected, and used as a water source, and the like, and water from any source can be used.

[0214] The aqueous formulation has a dissolved hydrogen concentration of about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L. The higher the concentration of dissolved hydrogen in the water, the greater the amount of hydrogen provided to cells, leading to numerous benefits as described above. The dissolved hydrogen concentration can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0215] The aqueous beverage may also contain other gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or combinations thereof, in any appropriate amount suitable for human consumption.

[0216] In addition to dissolved hydrogen, the aqueous formulation may further include minerals, including, but not limited to, one or more selected from calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se), and any suitable mineral may be included in any suitable amount.

[0217] One or more of these minerals may be in the form of a water-soluble salt selected from, but not limited to, lactate, sulfate, selenite, halides, nitrate, acetate, hydroxide, and the like, and any suitable anion safe for consumption and / or ingestion may be used. In certain other embodiments, various suitable cations may be used in conjunction with any suitable anion safe for consumption and / or ingestion. In certain other embodiments, the macronutrient and / or micronutrient is lactate or selenite. In certain other embodiments, the mineral is one or more selected from calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc lactate, copper lactate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, and the like. Suitable minerals that may be included in the water compositions described herein are not limited, and any mineral that is considered essential for the proper functioning of the human body and / or essential for life, and / or considered an essential trace element, and / or found in natural mineral waters can be used, provided that the added mineral does not significantly affect the taste of the final beverage.

[0218] The concentration of calcium salts present in certain embodiments of the aqueous beverages of the present invention, such as, but not limited to, calcium lactate, can be from about 100 mg / L to about 8,200 mg / L. The dissolved calcium concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0219] The concentration of magnesium salt, present in certain embodiments of the aqueous beverage of the present invention, such as, but not limited to, magnesium lactate, can be from about 40 mg / L to about 5,800 mg / L. The dissolved magnesium concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0220] The concentration of iron salt, present in certain embodiments of the aqueous beverage of the present invention, including but not limited to iron lactate, can be from about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L. The dissolved iron concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0221] The concentration of zinc salt, present in certain embodiments of the aqueous beverage of the present invention, such as, but not limited to, zinc lactate, can be from about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L. The dissolved zinc concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0222] The concentration of copper salt, present in certain embodiments of the aqueous beverage of the present invention, including but not limited to copper lactate, can be from about 0.01 mg / L to about 2.0 mg / L. The dissolved copper concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0223] The concentration of selenium salts present in certain embodiments of the aqueous beverages of the present invention, such as, but not limited to, sodium selenite, can be from about 0.001 mg / L to about 0.5 mg / L. The dissolved selenium concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0224] The aforementioned concentrations of elements not only provide health benefits but also increase hydrogen retention in the aqueous beverages of the present invention.

[0225] The aqueous formulation may further comprise one or more amino acids selected from, but not limited to, biotin (vitamin B7), folic acid (vitamin B9), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cobalamin (vitamin B12), L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, theanine, and the like. Any suitable amino acid may be included in the aqueous formulation. Any suitable metabolite of an essential amino acid, such as, but not limited to, hydroxymethylbutyrate or β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, may also be included. Other suitable elements, compounds, or compositions that may be added to the aqueous formulations of the present invention include, but are not limited to, branched-chain amino acids, creatine, β-alanine, L-carnitine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (HMB), thiamine, casein, glucosamine, collagen, hyaluronic acid, cysteine, methionine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine, lysine, tyrosine, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, isoflavones, chenopodin or 11S globulin, 2S albumin, choline, protease, lipase, amylase, lactase, sunflower lecithin, 7-ketohydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), diindolylmethane, arbutin, ursolic acid, tannic acid, and the like.

[0226] The concentration of biotin in the aqueous formulation can be from about 0.1 mg / L to about 6.0 mg / L. The dissolved biotin concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0227] The concentration of folic acid in the aqueous formulation can be from about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L. The dissolved folic acid concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0228] The concentration of thiamine in the aqueous formulation can be from about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L. The dissolved thiamine concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0229] The concentration of vitamin B2 in the aqueous formulation can be from about 4.0 mg / L to about 120 mg / L. The dissolved vitamin B2 concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0230] The concentration of vitamin B6 in the aqueous formulation can be from about 10 mg / L to about 500 mg / L. The dissolved vitamin B6 concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0231] The concentration of L-valine in the aqueous formulation can be from about 400 mg / L to about 15,000 mg / L. The dissolved L-valine concentration can be equal to any integer value within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0232] The concentration of L-isoleucine in the aqueous formulation can be from about 400 mg / L to about 15,000 mg / L. The dissolved L-isoleucine concentration can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0233] The concentration of L-citrulline in the aqueous formulation can be from about 400 mg / L to about 15,000 mg / L. The dissolved L-citrulline concentration can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0234] The concentration of L-glutamine in the aqueous formulation can be from about 400 mg / L to about 15,000 mg / L. The dissolved L-glutamine concentration can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0235] Also provided are frozen solid forms of the structured water compositions provided herein. The structured water compositions provided herein can be frozen to produce a solid form of the composition by reducing its temperature until it freezes into a solid form. When the structured water compositions produced by the methods described herein are frozen into a solid form, the resulting frozen solid form has the texture of block ice (also known as crunchy ice or pebble ice), which has a light, airy texture and a satisfying chewiness. The frozen solid form of the structured water composition contains pockets of hydrogen and / or air. The resulting frozen solid form of the structured water composition has a chewy texture that is not as hard as regular ice. Crushed regular ice does not contain pockets of hydrogen and / or air within the ice block and breaks when chewed, instead of being hard and having a chewy consistency. The frozen solid form of the structured water composition also absorbs the flavoring of the beverage to which it is added, and therefore does not give the perception of the beverage being "watered down." The solid form of the structured water composition also tends to disperse more evenly in a beverage than regular ice, either cubed or crushed. No specialized equipment is required to freeze the structured water composition and produce a solid form of the structured water composition that has the texture of block ice.

[0236] Structuring of water molecules

[0237] Aqueous formulations containing dissolved hydrogen, in which the amount of dissolved hydrogen remains stable over time, can be realized based on the formation of HO structured molecules of the present invention. These molecular structures can include a series of molecular structures formed through hydrogen bridges between adjacent water molecules, consisting of multiple water molecules in specific orientations connected by atomic or molecular hinges, which can form hexagonal rings of water. Multiple hexagonal rings of water can be connected to form multiple layers or three-dimensional helical cage structures, as in the present invention. Application of electromagnetic forces to these structures for a duration of several nanoseconds improves the stability of the hydrogen bonds between the constituent molecules. Electromagnetic forces are generated and applied through the processes of cavitation and implosion, in which multiple such structures can be combined to form larger structures.

[0238] The structured water or H3O2 of the present invention can be produced by any of the following methods, including but not limited to:

[0239] For example, adjacent molecules are joined with hydrogen bridges to form hexagonal structures as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3A, and 3B. Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix arrangement of water molecules, where the pattern is replicated in different planes, and this arrangement is considered superior to the general arrangement of water molecules, allowing for a decrease in the density of the fluid in addition to changes in electromechanical properties. Figure 2 is an illustration of a hexagonal arrangement of water molecules showing two consecutive planes of the hexagonal formation of hydrogen and oxygen molecules, where the planes of the water molecules are parallel or nearly parallel to the surface. Figure 3A is an illustration of a single three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules, where the polygonal water molecule contains two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges. Figure 3B is a top view of the single spiral cage structure of Figure 3A, showing the hexagonal shape of the three-dimensional helical cage structure. Figure 3B shows a single three-dimensional helical cage structure of the present invention, with atomic radius measurements to scale as estimated for the given thermodynamic conditions discussed herein. FIG. 3B is a top view of a single helical cage structure, but the helix atoms are shown at the bottom in the foreground so that multiple representations of water molecules can be seen.

[0240] Multiple hexagonal structures formed by adjacent water molecules can be stacked in a direction perpendicular to the plane that forms the hexagonal structures. Each hexagonal structure forming the stacked structure can be rotated due to its electromagnetic properties. The arrangement of hexagonal structures formed by H3O2 molecules can also be replicated in different planes, which allows for an increase in the density of the fluid in addition to changing the electromagnetic properties. In other arrangements, two consecutive planes of hexagonal structures can be formed. Structured water is a structure in which adjacent water molecules are joined by hydrogen bridges to form hexagonal rings of water molecules, forming a plane of a two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array of water molecules, which is replicated in multiple planes stacked in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array and connected through hydrogen bridges to form multiple layers of the two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array, forming multiple three-dimensional helical cage structures of polygonal water molecules, each having a central hollow lumen, and each helical cage structure can contain multiple water molecules in a planar orientation with a hexagonal shape when viewed from above. The density of structured water can be 10% higher than the density of standard water. The density of structured water can be about 1.5 to about 5 times the density of standard water.

[0241] The stability and resulting properties of structured water formed by the interaction of neighboring water molecules are the result of the electromagnetic effect between molecular hydrogen and the H3O2 structure of the present invention. This structure forms a matrix capable of building a network capable of trapping hydrogen molecules within the hollow lumens formed within the three-dimensional cage structure of H3O2. This arrangement imparts buoyancy to the H3O2 structure, reducing or maintaining, but not increasing, any forced entanglement between neighboring water molecules. This behavior can be explained by the Zeeman / Stark effect; despite the small electromagnetic fields exerted by atoms on water molecules, they affect the energy levels of their surroundings, changing as explained by these phenomena.

[0242] The hexagonal structure formed by hydrogen bridges between adjacent water molecules results in a stabilized material, and different salts can be attached to the structure of the stabilized material. As illustrated in Figure 4, the size and structure of various organic salts of minerals are such that they can be accommodated within the three-dimensional helical cage structure of the HO molecule of the present invention. The structured water of the present invention preferably contains materials including metals (such as, but not limited to, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium) and their salts, such as those described above.

[0243] The phenomenon of vapor formation in a fluid due to a sudden decrease in pressure is known as cavitation. For this process, the liquid is subjected to temperatures in excess of 5,000°C and pressures in excess of 10 MPa. These temperature and pressure values ​​are achieved from the potential energy of the implosion of the water vapor bubbles and the kinetic energy of the fluid. The potential energy is established based on the specific pressure and volume parameters of each molecule, and the pressure difference P relative to its vapor volume throughout the collapse of the cavitation bubble is d -P v is equal to the work generated by P d is the impeller (rotor) pressure, and P v is the vapor pressure of the cavitation bubble. The implosion energy of an undisturbed vapor bubble is equal to the ambient pressure p∞, as shown in Function 1 below.

[0244] [ka] (As explained in "The relevance of kinematics for cavitation implosion loads Physics of Fluids", 31, (S. Schenke, T. Melissaris, and TJC van Terwisga), 2019 (Schenke 2019))

[0245] In function 1, [ka] is the potential energy of the bubble, R0 is the initial radius of the bubble, and (p ∞ ,p v ) are the ambient pressure and vapor pressure, respectively, and this function is valid for an undisturbed spherical bubble. Thermochemically stabilized structures endow the fluid with new properties, such as electronegative structures, that improve its interaction with the cells of the mammalian body, by altering its thermal and electrical conductivity, among other things.

[0246] Further details of the production of the structured water of the present invention, including the systems used to produce the structured water of the present invention, are described herein.

[0247] Referring again to Figures 3A and 3B, the structural organization of the structured water of the present invention is illustrated in these figures. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, adjacent water molecules in liquid water at 4°C are arranged in a hexagonal array, and multiple planes of this hexagonal array of water molecules are connected through hydrogen bridges to form the three-dimensional helical cage structure shown in Figure 3A. In this model, the local charge depends on the density of electronegative oxygen atoms. The model explains the change in electronegativity within the exclusion zone that occurs, and also explains changes in properties such as a refractive index that is 10% higher than regular water and a density that is 10% higher than regular water.

[0248] Figure 3B is a top view of the arrangement of water molecules shown in Figure 3 A. This three-dimensional helical cage structure is generated by cavitation and implosion processes as described herein.

[0249] Homogenization is crucial for proper cleavage of the different bonds for molecular solubilization. Referring again to Figure 4, the organic salts of minerals contained in the aqueous beverage of the present invention are electronegative in nature and can organize themselves into arrangements similar to the arrangement of water molecules shown in Figures 3A and 3B. That is, the atomic sizes of these elements are such that they can be trapped within the hollow lumens created within the three-dimensional helical cage structure of the present invention.

[0250] Another property of the fluid formed refers to electrokinetics, obtained from the addition of hydrogen in its gaseous form (H2), including stabilized hydrogen-containing nanostructured ionic aqueous solutions. This gas, along with water molecules, modulates the cell membrane potential as well as the electrical properties of the cell membrane when it comes into contact with the surface of the cell wall. As a result, the ionic aqueous fluid electrokinetically provides for the regulation of cell membrane potential and aids in intracellular signaling.

[0251] 3A and 3B, based on the energy generated in the cavitation and implosion processes, three-dimensional spiral cage structures formed by hydrogen bridges of adjacent molecules create channels (hollow lumens) within which various components can be trapped. By forming these structures, water can retain dissolved hydrogen molecules, minerals, and additives for a longer period of time. The stability of the dissolved components is also affected by the interaction of the H2 bridges with the structured water molecules.

[0252] Water can dissociate salts of the minerals described herein, and the polarity of the salt allows for the formation of regular water polygons and hydrogen bridges along with the dissociation process. Dissolution of the salt molecule separates the salt molecule into three parts: two symmetric parts and a central atom. As an example, Figures 5A and 5B are ball-and-stick representations of a calcium lactate molecule 1000. Figure 5A is a visual representation of an intact calcium lactate molecule prior to dissociation. Figure 5B is a visual representation of the calcium lactate molecule dissociated into three parts: two symmetric parts 1010 and 1030 and a central calcium atom 1020. Water surrounds each of the symmetric parts and the central atom, forming polygons according to the electronegativity of the molecule.

[0253] Micronutrients play an important role in the intracellular behavior of both the innate (involved in all levels of immune response) and adaptive (when severe infections are present) immune systems. In the physiological system, innate immunity activates the adaptive response level. For this reason, a group of minerals identified as key to the proper functioning of the immune system are included in the aqueous formulations of the present invention for incorporation into the body through their uptake.

[0254] The incorporation of these minerals into the body must be carried out in a carrier medium in a solution that allows for effective absorption. The elemental forms of these compounds, due to their chemical stability, do not allow for proper absorption in the body, and if they are included in their elemental form, it is highly likely that they will be discarded or will not be absorbed through the desired mechanism. For this reason, salts with high water solubility and ionic valence values ​​in solution that allow for natural absorption into the physiological system through physical mechanisms were selected for the present invention.

[0255] When selecting suitable nutrients, it is necessary to examine the stability of the solution containing such nutrients, assess any reactions that may occur with dissolved salts, and ensure that no species that could potentially pose a health risk are generated. For this analysis, the chemical stability of additives incorporated into water was evaluated based on (1) solubility properties and (2) adverse reactions. Based on such analysis, the selected nutrients for the aqueous beverage of the present invention include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se), added as salts of their water-soluble derivatives as shown in Table 2.

[0256] [Table 2]

[0257] Chemical species interactions

[0258] All ions present in a solution can chemically interact with one another, leading to the formation of other compounds or exhibiting adverse reactions due to the chemical decomposition of the solute. Given the amount of dissolved salts along with some mineral species typically present in water sources, a significant amount of chemical reactions can exist. However, many of these do not necessarily lead to toxic compounds or to compounds that can degrade the water's chemistry.

[0259] The selectivity of reactive ions was analyzed to identify possible reactions. All of these mineral compounds have high solubility when added to water, increasing the likelihood of dissociation reactions. Chemical dissociation is a general process in which complexes, molecules, and / or salts are separated, usually reversibly, into smaller molecules, ions, or radicals. Dissociation is the opposite of association, chemical synthesis, or recombination. When a Brønsted-Lowry acid is placed in water, the covalent bond between the electronegative atom and the hydrogen atom is broken by heterolytic cleavage, giving a proton and a negative ion. Dissociation into salts by solvation in a solvent such as water refers to the separation of the salt into its constituent anions and cations, each of which is surrounded by water molecules.

[0260] Water's high dipole moment and its ease of forming hydrogen bonds make it an excellent solvent. An ion is soluble in water if it can interact with the water through hydrogen bonding or through ion-dipole interactions. Anions with oxygen atoms (CO3 2- , SO4 2- , NO - , and equivalents) can form hydrogen bonds because the oxygen acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor and the anion is attracted to the water dipole. Similarly, Cl, which has a lone pair of electrons, - or F - can act as a hydrogen bridge acceptor. On the other hand, Na when surrounded by water molecules + , K. + , Ca 2+ , or Mg 2+Cations such as can bind to water molecules through dipole-like ionic interactions, with the oxygen atoms oriented towards the cation.

[0261] The dissolution reaction of a solute in water forms a chemical equilibrium, where the concentration of the solute will depend on the concentration of the dissociated chemical species. Any increase in the concentration of the dissociated component, as well as any other chemicals containing similar components, will cause an increase in the amount of association. This result is a consequence of Le Chatelier's principle (the equilibrium association / dissociation reaction), which is commonly seen as an effect on the solubility of salts and other weak electrolytes. Adding a certain amount of one of these salt ions usually leads to an increase in salt precipitation, which reduces the concentration of the salt ion until solubility is equilibrated, because the original salt and the added chemical have certain ions in common.

[0262] In other words, the solubility and chemical interactions of species in water are determined by the solubility product (K sol ), one of the ions is added by decreasing the solubility of the salt. As the concentration of one of the ions increases, the concentration of the other ion decreases, thus K sol remains constant at a particular temperature. This effect occurs when using an excess of precipitant to reduce the solubility of many precipitates or to quantitatively precipitate ions. In this case, the presence of solutes with common ions, such as lactate in the form of calcium, magnesium, and iron lactates, along with sulfate in the form of zinc sulfate and copper, causes a chemical equilibrium between these salts due to the common anion, which reduces the solubility of other salts, with calcium lactate and zinc sulfate present in higher concentrations. However, this effect does not occur in magnesium lactate (CH 10 Increases the solubility of MgO6.2H2O and Fe at low concentrations 2+ and Cu 2+ This can be offset by including salt.

[0263] Thermal stability of chemical species

[0264] The solutes dissolved in water are derived from salts that are considered stable under the operating conditions of the dilution system. Several types of stability exist, such as the thermodynamic state of a species or its potential for reactivity. Thermal stability also relates to the decomposition of species potential as a function of temperature. The dilution system is thermally conditioned at a temperature of 4°C, and the temperature fluctuations of the species vary up to the absorption temperature of the organism, approximately 37°C. This temperature fluctuation is insufficient to cause the decomposition of each chemical species, especially when it is diluted.

[0265] Chemical stability of the solute

[0266] To determine the potential for decomposition of chemical species, a series of reactions are posed to determine the feasibility of decomposition of these solutes. Typically, the reaction to form lactate involves the formation of a carbonate salt of the metal to be incorporated, allowing the formation of water and carbon dioxide. Similarly, the feasibility of decomposing these compounds to form their respective acids is determined according to the following exemplary reactions:

[0267] Reaction(1) a.Ca(O-COCH(OH)-CH3)2(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)→2(CH3-CH(OH)-COOH)(aq)+CaCO3(s)

[0268] Reaction (2) b.ZnSO4.7H2O(aq)→ZnO(s)+H2SO4(aq)+6H2O(aq)

[0269] Reaction (3) c.Na2SeO3(aq)+H2O(l)→SeO2(s)+2NaOH(aq)

[0270] Reactions (4) d. CuSO4(aq) → CuO(s) + SO3(s)

[0271] The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) according to Equation 1 for each process was calculated to determine the degree of spontaneity or feasibility of their occurrence.

[0272] Equation 1: ΔG=ΔH-TΔS

[0273] During the ceremony,

[0274] ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy,

[0275] ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the system,

[0276] T is the system temperature,

[0277] ΔS is the change in enthalpy of the process.

[0278] The water temperature is 4°C during the structuring process, but it increases during storage and consumption and may reach ambient temperature or the consumer's internal temperature. Therefore, calculations were performed under normal conditions. If the corresponding change in Gibbs free energy is negative, the reaction is expected to occur spontaneously at the normal temperature of 25°C, and unwanted chemical species will form in solution. On the other hand, if the change in Gibbs free energy is positive, the analyzed reaction will not occur spontaneously. Enthalpy is the average energy exchanged with the environment at constant pressure conditions in this process. A positive change in the enthalpy of a reaction indicates that the reaction is endothermic, and additional energy will be required to carry out the reaction. On the other hand, a negative change in the enthalpy of a reaction indicates that it releases energy, and the reaction is exothermic. The heat of formation and free energy of formation of exemplary compounds are shown in Table 3.

[0279] [Table 3]

[0280] Based on the values ​​in Table 3, the reaction enthalpy and Gibbs free energy were calculated and the degree of spontaneity for each of the above reactions is shown in Table 4.

[0281] [Table 4]

[0282] As can be seen from Table 4, reactions (1) and (2) are exothermic, and reactions (3) and (4) require additional energy to occur. It is also clear from these results that unwanted species such as lactic acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and some oxides (such as copper and sulfur oxides) will not form spontaneously in solution.

[0283] The aqueous formulation of the present application has the following characteristics: all chemical species are soluble in water under diluted conditions and their concentration is sufficient so as not to affect the dissociation equilibrium of other species in the mixture; metal ions dissolved in water form ion-dipole interactions which orient hydroxyl ions based on their negative charge, allowing for greater stability of the chemical species in solution and preventing their chemical decomposition; some of the analyzed chemical species may undergo thermal decomposition processes, however, this does not occur given the conditions under which the beverage is stored at or below ambient temperature before consumption; compounds such as lactic acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, and copper and sulfur oxides will not be formed as products of side reactions between dissolved salts.

[0284] Mechanisms of structured processes

[0285] Based on the energy generated in the cavitation and implosion processes, the formation of three-dimensional helical cage structures of polygonal water molecules of the present invention, in which adjacent water molecules are connected by hydrogen bridges, is described herein, including a system for implementing the structuring process.

[0286] The structuring process can be summarized in three stages, as will now be described with reference to Figures 6A-6C.

[0287] Phase 1: Solid-to-fluid energy transfer. A high-kinetic-energy solid object, which has a predetermined structure due to the minerals already contained therein, creates a pressure difference on the working fluid with high kinetic energy. FIG. 6A is a diagram of a high-kinetic-energy solid object, which has a predetermined structure due to the minerals already contained in water, creating a pressure difference on the working fluid. This high-kinetic-energy solid has high kinetic energy in addition to the internal energy of the fluid. As shown in FIG. 6A, water molecules 100A and mineral atoms 200A dispersed within the water molecules, such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and the like, come into contact with a high-kinetic-energy solid object 300A. The high-kinetic-energy solid 300A provides kinetic energy to the fluid and is responsible for providing space for the formation of cavitation and implosion processes.

[0288] Stage 2. Vacuum pressure, bubble formation, and high kinetic energy solid objects are removed to create a high vacuum zone; due to the thermodynamic properties of water, the water is violently converted from liquid to gas phase; this conversion generates a large amount of energy.

[0289] Stage 3. The implosion process begins immediately after the high kinetic energy solid 300A leaves the volume enclosed by its geometric shape, generating a vacuum pressure on the system. In this process, energy is transferred violently and concentrically at various locations to create a vacuum in the area vacated by the high kinetic energy solid 300A. This process occurs at local pressures of approximately 100 MPa and temperatures of approximately 5,000 K, which are generated in water during the cavitation and implosion processes.

[0290] 6B and 6C are illustrations of two zones formed when the removal of a solid object creates a vacuum within the crushed zone 400A, causing the layer of water molecules 100A closest to the crushed zone 400A to change its phase and become a gas, which increases the temperature of the fluid.

[0291] Water injection device

[0292] An exemplary embodiment of the water injection device of the present application is illustrated in Figures 18-27 and will be described in further detail herein. The water injection device includes a vortex generation system for achieving the thermodynamic conditions described above through the processes of cavitation and implosion. The vortex generation system generates multiple microscopic conditions that create a favorable environment for hydrogen generation.

[0293] The vortex of the present invention generates a microscopic environment that promotes cavitation and implosion processes in the water that promotes the formation of structured water, resulting in a local pressure calculated to be about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a local temperature calculated to be at least 5,000 K. As an example, the vortex of the present invention can be generated by rotating a vortex generating system at 3,600 rpm, which generates an average linear velocity of the water in the vortex of about 50 m / s and an absolute pressure that is less than 2 kPa. The various components of the vortex of the present invention and the system of the present invention that generate these local parameters will be described later in this application. As used herein below, unless otherwise indicated, the term vortex refers to the vortex of the present invention, having the inventive aspects of the present disclosure.

[0294] These aforementioned conditions create vortex pressure and temperature changes that enable the processes of initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, and implosion. These processes generate temperatures near 10,000 K. As a result, thermal decomposition of water can occur in microscopic states formed in the water, and the diameter of these formations or microscopic states can reach approximately 56 μm.

[0295] Figure 11 is a diagrammatic representation of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the products (hydrogen and oxygen) obtained from the thermal decomposition of water. As shown in Figure 11, the dissociation of water into H and O increases with increasing temperature, reaching a maximum level of dissociation at temperatures above about 3,750 K, at which point the mole fraction of H O becomes approximately zero.

[0296] Another methodology that uses only thermal energy is the thermochemical cycle, which separates water into hydrogen and oxygen through a series of chemical reactions, for example as shown in FIG.

[0297] The application of redox reactions is also a technique used to increase the concentration of H2 (in solute or colloidal form) in drinking water. This increase in hydrogen concentration is traditionally achieved by adding dietary supplements (e.g., effervescent tablets containing potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium particles, tartaric acid, l-leucine, organic sea salt, calcium lactate, and inulin), which generate a negative redox potential in water containing hydrogen nanobubbles that persists for several hours. For example, when a 230 mg tablet of a purported hydrogen-generating tablet is dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water, the volume of hydrogen generated increases over time, stabilizing at a volume of about 2 ml to about 4 ml after about 150 minutes, as shown in Figure 13. Figure 13 shows the results of two different measurements of hydrogen concentration in water using this process.

[0298] Other redox reactions can also be used to generate hydrogen. One such example of a redox reaction is the reaction of hydrochloric acid with aluminum, as shown in Equation 2. While the production of hydrogen is very simple through the use of components such as HCl and aluminum, this process, based on the use of HCl, can be hazardous to health and is therefore not a preferred method. [ka]

[0299] Hydrogen dissolved in water exists in its molecular form, or alternatively, in the case of a supersaturated solution, it can exist as a solute or colloid. In some cases, H2 exists in water in the form of nanobubbles, which can have a diameter of up to about 600 nm, and the formation of nanobubbles can be achieved by electrolysis. In addition, the concentration of H2 nanobubbles can be determined in the following order: I - >Br - >Cl - (anion) and K + >Li + >Na + It has been found that the concentration of ions present in the solution increases according to the nature of the ions present in the solution (cations).

[0300] Referring again to FIG. 5, the separation of water into H2 and O2 can be a two-step reaction, with the first metal oxide M x O y is reduced to form oxygen, and then a second metal oxide M x O y-1 is reduced to produce hydrogen, where M can be any transition metal or combination thereof, and x and y are the stoichiometric values ​​of the constituents. Note that there are a wide variety of thermochemical cycles that can be implemented. For example, the CNRS-PROMES (Processes, Materials and Solar Energy) research institute has built a database with 280 thermodynamic cycles with operating temperatures up to 2,000°C. Note also that each cycle uses specific cyclic reactant elements, and different types of catalysts can be used to optimize the reaction to produce H2.

[0301] One example of hydrogen production is the reaction of magnesium with water. Recent studies have shown that hydrogen can be produced using powdered magnesium (11% (see, e.g., Shetty et al., "A comparative study of hydrogen generation by reaction of ball milled mixture of magnesium powder with two water-soluble salts (NaCl and KCl) in hot water", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45(48), pp. 25890-25899 (2020), ISSN 0360-3199, https: / / doi.org / 10.1016 / j.ijhydene.2020.03.156) to 90% (see, e.g., Kushch et al., "Hydrogen-generating compositions based on magnesium", International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 36(1), pp. 1321-1325 (2011)) doi:10.1016 / j.ijhydene.2010.06.115) Another example is the method described in U.S. Patent No. 5,494,538, in which a magnesium alloy is mixed with small amounts of one or more metals, such as nickel and zinc, which act as catalysts in the reaction of the magnesium alloy with chlorine water.

[0302] To produce gaseous hydrogen, the amount of granular magnesium metal used is sufficient to obtain the maximum solubility of hydrogen in water, which ranges from about 1 ppm to about 5 ppm of hydrogen dissolved in water.

[0303] However, there has been no research on the effect of magnesium on the cavitation and subsequent implosion process described herein. The inclusion of Mg in the process described herein increases hydrogen production while also improving the cavitation and implosion process. Figure 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of mixing Mg metal and water in any suitable vessel with agitation to produce MgO and H2. As further illustrated in Figure 15, Mg metal and water can be added to a reactor and then delivered to a structuring system. The H2-enriched water can then be pumped from the structured water generator to a water injection module. Each of these components and the accompanying processes will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 18-27.

[0304] Mg is one example of a mineral that can be used to generate hydrogen in this manner and also improves cavitation and implosion processes when the process is carried out under appropriate temperature, pressure, time parameters, and the like. Because Mg is not found in nature in its pure state, it can be obtained from naturally occurring compounds of magnesium, such as magnesite. Magnesite (generally, MgCO3) is a composition of magnesium salts and other trace elements, such as iron, nickel, manganese, cobalt, and the like. Generally, as illustrated in FIG. 16, metallic magnesium can be obtained from naturally occurring magnesite using various processes, such as extraction, electrolysis, and precipitation, performed in any suitable order, to produce metallic magnesium. The metallic Mg can then be used to generate structured water enriched with dissolved hydrogen, as described above.

[0305] Materials for generating hydrogen are not limited to Mg and magnesite; any suitable material that reacts with water to generate hydrogen can also be used. Additional examples of such minerals include, but are not limited to, alkali and alkaline earth metals (including any salts thereof), such as Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, and the like.

[0306] As discussed above, an exemplary chemical process for producing hydrogen involves producing gaseous hydrogen from the reaction of magnesium and water according to the following reaction: [ka]

[0307] The amount of magnesium used in the devices and systems herein is in the range of about 0.01 mg [Mg] / g [H2O] to about 1 mg [Mg] / g [H2O]. The amount of magnesium can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations.

[0308] The particle size of the Mg used can be from about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm. The Mg particle size can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any allowable variations. The Mg particle size affects the generation of hydrogen from the reaction of magnesium and water because the geometry of the clusters formed by metallic Mg depends on the size of the Mg particles. When the particle size of the magnesium reacting with water is within this range, smaller clusters of Mg are formed, which increases the surface area available for reaction with water and supports the production of hydrogen bubbles. The effect of Mg particle size on the volume of hydrogen production is further discussed with reference to Table 3.

[0309] Magnesium (Mg) is a very active element that reacts with water at low temperatures to produce magnesium oxide and hydrogen. The reaction can be shifted to produce magnesium hydroxide instead of magnesium oxide by increasing the amount of water. The reaction between magnesium and water can be summarized in Equations 3-5.

[0310] [ka]

[0311] [ka]

[0312] [ka]

[0313] Hess's law is used to determine whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic based on the release of heat of reaction, as follows:

[0314] [ka]

[0315] During the ceremony, [ka] are the stoichiometric coefficients of the products and reactants, and ΔH r is the enthalpy of formation for a given reaction, [ka] is the standard state enthalpy of formation of the product, [ka] is the standard state enthalpy of formation of the reactants.

[0316] For magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide, ΔH r The value is calculated using Hess's law as follows:

[0317] [ka]

[0318] [ka]

[0319] [ka]

[0320] [ka]

[0321] As indicated by the above values, the reaction to produce magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide is exothermic.

[0322] In a chemical reaction, the "limiting reagent" is the one that is initially consumed and limits the amount of product that can be obtained. For example, in Equation 3, the limiting reagent is Mg, with a value of 4.1 moles of Mg. In this reaction, 4.11 moles of water are required to react with the 4.1 moles of Mg. Therefore, more Mg is required to consume 5.5 moles of water, i.e., the limiting reagent is magnesium and the excess reagent is water. By reacting magnesium and water, 166.45 g of MgO and 8.22 g of H2 are produced.

[0323] The reaction is at constant density, i.e., at equal input, output, and reaction densities (ρ e =ρ s =ρ), therefore, constant heat, i.e., equal input and output heat (Q e =Qs ), the flow rates of the input and output streams do not change, so the material balance can be expressed as a function of the concentrations of the various components. The mass and energy balance as a function of the concentrations of the various components in the magnesium oxidation reaction can be expressed by the following relationships:

[0324] Steady state [ka] In

[0325] [ka]

[0326] [ka]

[0327] [ka]

[0328] [ka]

[0329] [ka]

[0330] [ka]

[0331] Obtain Q, where Q is the residence time for the stirred tank reactor. [ka] Assuming that the equation for mass balance is:

[0332] [ka]

[0333] During the ceremony, [ka] are the input and output concentrations of species i (i = Mg, HO, MgO, and H), respectively. For an ideal mixture:

[0334] [ka]

[0335] Since the system is stoichiometric, the following equation is used to calculate the concentrations in terms of the conversion of the system:

[0336] [ka]

[0337] [ka]

[0338] [ka]

[0339] [ka]

[0340] During the ceremony, [ka]

[0341] Therefore, the design equation for reactor mass balance is:

[0342] [ka]

[0343] Because the reaction is exothermic, the thermal profile is described by the following equation:

[0344] [ka]

[0345] [ka]

[0346] The thermodynamic model used to calculate activity coefficients is chosen because magnesium is an electrolyte and it becomes necessary to determine the electron localization functions of MgO and H2.

[0347] Parameters such as activation energy, temperature, and frequency factor can be determined by simulating the Arrhenius equation. The Arrhenius equation, i.e., [ka] is used to calculate the activation energy and frequency factor at various temperatures for the ion-dipole interaction (Mg and HO) and the species formed during the reaction, where k is the rate constant (frequency of collisions resulting in the reaction), T is the absolute temperature (in Kelvin), A is the frequency factor, and E a is the activation energy for the reaction and R is the universal gas constant.

[0348] Tables 5 and 6 show the relationship between magnesium particle size and volume of hydrogen produced.

[0349] [Table 5]

[0350] As shown in Table 6, over the same reaction time (3 min), more hydrogen is generated from the reaction of magnesium and water when the particle size of Mg is less than 2 mm, and the amount of hydrogen generated decreases with increasing Mg particle size.

[0351] [Table 6]

[0352] Table 7 lists various components that can react with water to produce hydrogen. As can be seen from Table 7, despite the possibility of reaction, the amount of hydrogen produced by reactants other than elemental magnesium is zero or minimal (non-detectable). Elemental magnesium is the only reactant that produces hydrogen in measurable amounts.

[0353] [Table 7-1] [Table 7-2]

[0354] Vortex Design

[0355] A two-equation mathematical model that explains the phenomenon observed in the water injection system of the present invention is discussed below. A distinctive feature of the two-equation model is a fifth-order nonlinear aerodynamic damping term. Similarly, this model can be used for qualitative analysis, and additional experiments are envisioned for quantitative analysis. Based on the two-equation mathematical model, specific parameters and conditions that generate vortices were designed as described herein.

[0356] The two-equation mathematical model includes equations A and B below.

[0357] [ka]

[0358] [ka]

[0359] In equation A, [ka] represents the flow field with velocity distribution u, [ka] represents the velocity distribution of the field. In equation B, Γ is defined as the circulation function of the fluid and S is an arbitrary curved surface. The main properties of vortices present in a fluid are:

[0360] The vorticity at a point in a fluid is a vector. [ka] The vorticity component at is [ka] is twice the angular velocity of either of two mutually perpendicular line segments in the fluid. Vorticity is therefore a measure of how quickly a fluid rotates.

[0361] Just because the flow field is rotating on a large scale does not mean that ω in the flux is non-zero (to obtain Γ different from 0, ω should be non-zero at least at one point or in a finite domain for a viscous fluid).

[0362] Even if the flow streamlines are not curved, the flow itself may be rotational, i.e., "vortex lines are material lines."

[0363] A vortex line is a line that is tangent to the local vorticity vector. A vortex tube is the set of all vortex lines passing through a finite area.

[0364] The circulation around the vortex tube is constant regardless of the shape and location of the contour.

[0365] As long as the fluid is barotropic, subject to environmental forces, and only potential corporeal forces, the circulation of material around any loop in the fluid is independent of time.

[0366] Vorticity is improved by stretching along the axis of rotation of the fluid element.

[0367] Viscosity causes the vorticity to diffuse away from the lateral line.

[0368] Baroclinic forces can generate vorticity within a fluid.

[0369] When the flow is rotational, the vorticity of a fluid element is directly proportional to its density, and compression of the fluid increases the vorticity.

[0370] Design of cavitation and implosion processes in vortices.

[0371] A model for the onset of cavitation and implosion in a vortex is described here. In this model, a simplified Rayleigh-Plesset single-bubble implosion model is used. The degree of cavitation development is characterized by a dimensionless parameter known as the cavitation number, σ, defined by:

[0372] [ka]

[0373] In the formula, p ref is the reference pressure of the liquid, and p vis the actual pressure of the liquid, ρ is the fluid density, and V is the flow velocity.

[0374] The Rayleigh-Plesset equation is a second-order differential equation used to calculate the behavior of bubble volume as a function of its radius R(t) as follows:

[0375] [ka]

[0376] During the ceremony, [ka] is the difference between the applied pressure and the vapor pressure and is the driving term for bubble evolution. The second term in this equation is the contribution of non-condensable gas, and it is assumed that a constant mass of gas follows polytropic thermodynamic behavior characterized by a given polytropic coefficient k. S is expressed in N / m or J / m. 2 is the surface tension coefficient expressed in units.

[0377] Based on the Rayleigh-Plesset model described above, specific parameters and conditions that generate the vortex and the resulting cavitation and implosion processes were designed as described herein.

[0378] The implosion system design described herein maximizes the implosion phenomenon, maximizes stiffness to prevent the system from reaching its elastic limit, allows the system to be reused, provides safety, minimizes manufacturing, maintenance, and operating costs, and minimizes weight.

[0379] In an exemplary embodiment, to achieve the "structured water" of the present application, the rotor of the motor is rotated at a rotational speed of about 1,800 rpm to about 7,000 rpm. The rotational speed can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any suitable variations.

[0380] The initial pressure inside the structured chamber during the cavitation and implosion process can be about 50 kPa to about 105 kPa. The pressure can be equal to any integer value or multiple values ​​within this range, including the endpoints of these ranges and any suitable variations. At pressures within these ranges, the energy of the macroscopic state of water increases. During the implosion process, the local pressure of the macroscopic state of water present in the vicinity of the implosion can reach about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa, and the local temperature can be at least 5,000 K.

[0381] Within these ranges, the systems described herein generate cavitation and implosion processes at the required energy, resulting over time in "structured water" with high hydrogen solubility. Structured water and its various components are discussed herein.

[0382] The following is a description of the fluid dynamics that forms the basis for generating the vortices of the present invention to produce the structured water of the present invention.

[0383] The velocity distribution of a Rankine vortex with central radius a and maximum circulation Γ is: [ka]

[0384]

[0385] radius [ka] The total angular momentum per unit length contained within is: [ka]

[0386]

[0387] The cavitation vortex is designed to be: [ka]

[0388]

[0389] A graphical representation of the calculated fluid dynamics of the cavitation vortex as a function of the ambient pressure and radius of the cavitation vortex is shown in Figure 10 (Khojasteh-Manesh et al. "Evaluation of Cavitation Erosion Intensity in a Microscale Nozzle Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Bubble Dynamic Simulation" J. Fluids Eng., 141(6):061303 (14 pages), June 2019, pub. Online April 4, 2019).

[0390] The names of the various parameters discussed in this application are shown in Table 8.

[0391] [Table 8-1] [Table 8-2]

[0392] The methods discussed above for achieving structured water with high concentrations of dissolved hydrogen in the water with long-term stability can be implemented via one or more water injection systems and methods described below with reference to Figures 18-27.

[0393] An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a water injection system 200, which is diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 18 . As shown in FIG. 18 , the water injection system 200 may include a water source 10 and a water filtration system 200F. The water filtration system 200F may include a water filter 20, a reverse osmosis filter 30, and a sterilizer 40. In one embodiment, the water source 10 may be from one or more sources. For example, separately or in combination, the water source 10 may be from one or more water supply networks and / or from moisture in the air that can be condensed, collected, and used as a water source. Nevertheless, the water source 10 may be any water source. One of the advantages of using atmospheric moisture as the water source 10 is that it allows for water availability in the absence of traditional sources such as rivers, water supply networks, etc. In this type of scenario, condensation of atmospheric water becomes desirable because only 0.025% of the world's water is potable. Thus, the atmosphere has a water content of approximately 1.3×10 13 liters of water, some of which can be condensed for human consumption, making the system suitable in many areas around the world where there is no or limited access to traditional water sources.

[0394] After obtaining water from water source 10, the water may be output to water filter 20. Water filter 20 may include, for example, a sediment filter and / or a filter with any other compounds that may assist in filtering undesirable components from the water source. Additionally or alternatively, water filter 20 may include activated carbon. In one embodiment, reverse osmosis filter 30 may be optional depending on the type or quality of the water. For example, reverse osmosis filter 30 may be used when tap water is used as the water source. In one embodiment, after filtration by water filter 20, the water may be directed to reverse osmosis filter 30 and then to sterilizer 40, which includes emitting ultraviolet (UV) light. In some embodiments, sterilizer 40 may include, but is not limited to, ultraviolet (UV) lamps, and any suitable sterilization method may be used. Various different types of water filtration and sterilization devices may be used in water filtration system 200F depending on the quality and type of water source. In some embodiments, water filtration system 200F may not be used if the water quality is sufficient to output structured water according to the present disclosure.

[0395] 18 , water dispensing system 200 may further include a structured water generator 60 coupled directly or indirectly to water filtration system 200F and mineral source 50. As discussed above, water filtration system 200F may purify water received from water source 10 via water filter 20, reverse osmosis filter 30, and sterilizer 40. The water may then be output to structured water generator 60 to change the energy structure of the water through agitation and cavitation.

[0396] In one embodiment, structured water generator 60 may receive minerals dispensed from mineral source 50 and purified water discharged from sanitizer 40 or water directly from water source 10. In one embodiment, mineral source 50 may add minerals and additives to the water in structured water generator 60 via the mineral input. The minerals and additives may include, but are not limited to, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), biotin (vitamin B7), folic acid (vitamin B9), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cobalamin (vitamin B12), one or more amino acids selected from L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, theanine, and the like, and any suitable metabolite of an essential amino acid, such as hydroxymethylbutyrate or β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and the like. One or more of these minerals and additives may be in the form of a water-soluble salt selected from, but not limited to, lactate, sulfate, selenite, halides, nitrate, acetate, hydroxide, and the like, and any suitable anion safe for consumption and / or ingestion may be used. In certain other embodiments, various suitable cations may be used in conjunction with any suitable anion safe for consumption and / or ingestion. In certain other embodiments, the mineral is lactate or selenite. In certain other embodiments, the mineral is one or more selected from calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc lactate, copper lactate, sodium selenite, and the like. Suitable minerals that may be included in the water compositions described herein include, but are not limited to, any mineral or additive considered essential for the proper functioning of the human body and / or essential for life, considered an essential trace element, and / or found in natural mineral waters, provided that the added mineral does not significantly affect the taste of the final beverage, and may include any mineral and / or additive described herein.

[0397] In the exemplary embodiment, water injection system 200 may include a feeder and a drainer (not shown in the figures for clarity of illustration and description). The feeder may be any suitable means for feeding fluid into water injection system 200, including, but not limited to, pipes, tubing, valves, connections, and the like, and may be made from any suitable material. The drainer may be any suitable means for draining fluid from water injection system 200, including, but not limited to, pipes, tubing, valves, connections, and the like, and may be made from any suitable material. One or more of the feeder and drainer may be integrally formed with other components in water injection system 200, or may be formed separately and connected to water injection system 200 through one or more connecting means. Non-limiting examples of connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.

[0398] Still referring to FIG. 18 , the water injection system 200 may further include a mineral reactor 52 or a mineral reactor 52 and a mixer 54. For example, but not limited to, the mixer 54 may be a cyclone mixer. Furthermore, the mixer 54 may receive filtered water from the water filtration system 200F or water directly from the water source 10, depending on the quality of water required for performing structuring according to the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the mineral reactor 52 may output H2, MgO, and water to be input into the mixer 54. In one embodiment, the mixer 54 may simultaneously or sequentially receive one or more gases, including, but not limited to, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the like, from the gas source 80.

[0399] FIG. 19 shows an exemplary arrangement of a mineral reactor 52 and a mixer 54 coupled to a structured water generator 60. In this embodiment, the mineral reactor 52 may include a container 52A, a motor 52D, a rotor (or rotating device) 52B, and a housing 52C. The rotor 52B may be a screw-type mixing device (or auger, drill, threaded rod, etc.) attached to the motor 52D. Magnesium may be stored in the container 52A. The magnesium stored in the container 52A may be mixed with water by the rotor 52B, as shown in FIG. 19. A reactor (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and description) may then produce MgO and H, which may then be sent to the mixer 54 to be mixed with minerals, additives, and / or additional H in accordance with the present disclosure.

[0400] The speed of the mixer 54 (e.g., a cyclone mixer) may depend on the desired quantity and quality of water being processed in the structured water generator 60. In one embodiment, the average velocity of the water in the cyclone mixer may be set to 10 meters / second, and the pressure may be 45 psi. However, the velocity and pressure may be varied based on Bernoulli's principle depending on the desired amount of MgO and H2 output from the mineral reactor 52. Referring again to FIG. 18 , the water from the mixer 54 may be output to the structured water generator 60 through the feed device described above. In one embodiment, the structured water generator 60 may include one or more blades that may be connected to a shaft that is connected to a speed amplifier. The speed amplifier may include a motor that rotates at a high speed, generating vortices in the water, which in turn cause cavitation and implosion, as described previously in this disclosure. This phenomenon allows water molecules to reach temperatures above approximately 5,000 degrees Kelvin (K); depending on the energy generated during the implosion process, temperatures can be approximately 10,000 K or approximately 15,000 K, and any temperature therebetween. In one embodiment, the structured water generator 60 may comprise a rotating and translating enclosure structure that translates and rotates a helical-spiral shaped enclosure to generate the required cavitation and controlled implosion process in the water contained within the helical-spiral shaped enclosure. The movement of the rotating and translating enclosure structure is controlled by any suitable mechanism, including, but not limited to, an actuator such as a motor that transmits the movement to the enclosure through a pulley. The enclosure may have connected channels that direct the fluid flow and guide it to perform rotational and translational movements using frequencies above approximately 300 Hz. These movements lead to a phase change of the water to steam, generating the required cavitation and controlled implosion process. The helical / spiral shaped housing may be, but is not limited to, a tube in the form of a helix or a spiral. Additional structural and mechanical details of the structured water generator 60 are described in more detail below.

[0401] The onset of cavitation depends on the coherent structure of the directed flow, organized as mating vortex rings. Additionally, cavitation / implosion is continuously found in the vortex core, demonstrating a strong correlation between the cavitation / implosion and vortex dynamics. In the early stages, vortex stretching is the dominant factor, responsible for vortex growth and the elliptical shape of the cavitation bubble. Inside water, cavitation bubbles form an elliptical shape during the implosion process. The elliptical geometry of the imploding cavitation bubble reflects the elliptical flow of the fluid, and the cavitation and implosion processes are assisted by the elliptical geometry of the cavitation bubble during the implosion process. In comparison, the expansion period can result in the enhancement or suppression of local vorticity depending on the volume fluctuations induced by cavitation. During the implosion phase, the bubble generates baroclinic vorticity and contributes to three-dimensional vorticity. Exposure to cavitation and / or implosion homogenizes the mixture of water, added minerals, additives, and dissolved gases. Other processes that provide structuring or homogenize the mixture, such as ultrasonic mixing or exposure to a vacuum pressure differential, can form part of the present devices and systems.

[0402] Based on the periodic features of the implosion structure along with the time evolution of the large vortex, the vorticity can be separated into the following nine stages: initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion, and water restructuring.

[0403] The linear flow rate required to initiate the water restructuring process is in the range of about 30 m / s to 300 m / s. The linear flow rate can be any value or range within this range, including, but not limited to, upper and lower limits and any allowable variations.

[0404] 18 , water dispensing system 200 may further include magnetizer 70, gas source 80, cooling system 90, and dispensing module 100. As discussed above, within structured water generator 60, minerals and / or additives may be added by mineral source 50, and MgO and H may be added by mineral reactor 52. Additionally or alternatively, gas source 80 may provide H to mixer 54. As explained above, mixer 54 (e.g., a cyclone mixer) may mix H and MgO received from mineral reactor 52, minerals and / or additives added from mineral source 50, and water received from water filtration system 200F or water source 10, in addition to H from gas source 80. The mixture from mixer 54 may then be output to structured water generator 60 to perform a structuring process according to the present disclosure.

[0405] After the water leaves the structured water generator 60, it may then be magnetized, for example by a magnetizer 70 with a neodymium magnet, and then a gas such as oxygen, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide may be added, and the structured water may be cooled before being dispensed into containers for the end consumer.

[0406] In one embodiment, the magnetizer 70 may comprise any magnetizing means, preferably one that generates a magnetic field strong enough to configure the water's magnetic field in the desired orientation. Any suitable magnetizing means may be used, including, but not limited to, metallic magnets such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), rare earth metals, combinations and alloys thereof, the naturally occurring magnetic mineral called "calamite" which is composed mostly of iron, and / or electromagnets. In some embodiments, the magnetizer 70 may comprise neodymium magnets. The arrangement of magnets in the magnetizer is not limited, and any suitable arrangement may be used. In some exemplary embodiments, the magnetizer 70 aligns water molecules by generating an electromagnetic field within a conductive material, which causes magnetization by induction. In one embodiment, the cooling system 90 may be part of the condenser and / or be configured to maintain a suitable temperature for structuring the water and / or cool the final product before it is discharged from the water dispensing system 200. Additionally, cooling system 90 may comprise any suitable means for cooling a fluid, including, but not limited to, an air-cooled system, a water-cooled system, a thermoelectric cooler, an electric cooler, and the like.

[0407] Still referring to FIG. 18 , in addition to providing H to mixer 54, gas source 80 may provide one or more gases, such as oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or combinations thereof, to the water discharged from magnetizer 70. For example, CO may be provided to create a carbonated drink (e.g., sparkling water), and oxygen may be added to provide a more stable, longer-lasting structured water. The gasified water may then be cooled by flowing it through cooling system 90 and dispensed through dispensing module 100 into a container (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration). In one embodiment, water dispensing system 200 may optionally include an additional sterilizer 42. Additional sterilizer 42 may be similar to sterilizer 40 described above. Sterilizer 42 may disinfect or sterilize the water output from magnetizer 70 before it is input to cooling system 90. All elements may be controlled and energized by a power supply system (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration) and controller 110. Each of the components shown in FIG. 18 can be arranged in any order that facilitates proper functioning of the water dispensing device, including being arranged sequentially as shown in FIG.

[0408] FIG. 20 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a water injection system 300 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The water injection system 300 may include components identical or similar to those described in the water injection system 200 shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 . Descriptions of identical components shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 are omitted for FIG. 20 for brevity and clarity of exposition. Still referring to FIG. 20 , the water injection system 300 may additionally or alternatively include a water source 10, which may include a direct source 11 from a water supply network and / or a condensation collector 12 in which atmospheric moisture is condensed, collected, and stored. In some embodiments, the water injection system 300 may use only one of the direct source 11 or the condensation collector 12. In other embodiments, the water injection system 300 may use both the direct source 11 and the condensation collector 12 simultaneously, sequentially, or alternatively, depending on the availability of water and / or the desired amount of water to be processed by the structured water generator 60. The water dispensing system 300, including the water supply 10 shown in FIG. 20, may operate in a manner similar to that described with reference to the water dispensing system 200 of FIG.

[0409] FIG. 21 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a water injection system 400 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Water injection system 400 may include components that are the same as or similar to those described in water injection systems 200 and 300 shown in FIGS. 18-20. Descriptions of identical components shown in FIGS. 18-20 are omitted with respect to FIG. 21 for brevity and clarity of exposition. Still referring to FIG. 21 , water injection system 400 may additionally or alternatively include a gas source 80, which may include a first gas supply module 81 and a second gas supply module 82, which may generate or store gases, including, but not limited to, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and / or nitrogen. Gas source 80 may include means, structures, or devices for generating or separating gases, such as by electrolysis or other processes (e.g., hydrogen generation cells, proton exchange membrane (PEM) cells), and means for gas storage, such as a cylinder or pressurized tank. As described above, for example, CO2 may be provided to produce a carbonated drink (e.g., sparkling water), and oxygen may be added to the water to provide a more stable, longer-lasting structured water. The water dispensing system 400, including the gas source 80 shown in Figure 21, may operate in a manner similar to that described with reference to the water dispensing systems 200 and 300 of Figures 18 and 19.

[0410] FIG. 22 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a water injection system 500 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The water injection system 500 may include components identical or similar to those described in the water injection systems 200-400 shown in FIGS. 18-21. Descriptions of identical components shown in FIGS. 18-21 are omitted for FIG. 22 for brevity and clarity. The water injection system 500 may include a condensation collector 12 coupled directly or indirectly between the water filtration system 200F and the structured water generator 60. The condensation collector 12, which condenses and collects atmospheric moisture, functions as a cooling system, delivering the condensed water from the air to the input of the water filter 20 through piping 121. In one embodiment, the condensation collector 12 may provide water to the structured water generator 60 without being filtered by the water filtration system F. For example, in desert areas where atmospheric water is likely to be clean, with no or few impurities or contaminants, the condensed water from the condensation collector 12 may be delivered directly to the structured water generator 60. The water injection system 500, including the additional condensation collector 12 and piping 121, may operate in a manner similar to that described with reference to the water injection systems 200-400 of Figures 18-21.

[0411] FIG. 23 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary arrangement of components of water injection system 600. Water injection system 600 may include components identical or similar to those described in water injection systems 200-500 shown in FIGS. 18-22 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Descriptions of identical components shown in FIGS. 18-22 are omitted with respect to FIG. 16 for brevity and clarity of exposition. FIG. 23 illustrates locations in connecting pipes where injection pumps P1, P2, and P3 may be positioned to drive in-process water to be discharged. Pumps P1, P2, and P3 may provide suitable pressure for communicating fluid (e.g., water) to and from various components of water injection system 600. The arrangement of the injection pumps is not limited thereto, and any suitable arrangement can be used in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Water injection system 600 shown in FIG. 16 may operate in a manner similar to that described with reference to water injection systems 200-500 of FIGS. 18-22.

[0412] 24A and 24B are illustrations of a water dispensing system 700 that incorporates one or more aspects of the water dispensing systems 200-600 described with reference to FIGS. 18-23 above. FIG. 24A depicts a front view of the water dispensing system 700, and FIG. 24B depicts an exploded view of the water dispensing system 700. For purposes of brevity and clarity of exposition, the water dispensing system 700 and its components will be described hereinafter with reference to FIG. 24A . As shown in FIG. 24A , the water dispensing system 700 may include a housing 701 and a water source 710 arranged adjacent to or directly or indirectly coupled to the housing 701. The water source 710 may be, for example, an atmospheric humidity collector that condenses and collects water contained in atmospheric humidity. In one embodiment, the atmospheric humidity collector may include a cooling system using a radial or axial fan under a thermoelectric cooler or any other cooling means. The atmospheric humidity collector may alternatively or additionally comprise a fixed bed vapor absorption system filled with carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and other allotropes of carbon connected to a helical condenser with a nozzle system that generates a pressure difference that absorbs the vapor and improves the condensation process.

[0413] In one embodiment, the water injection system 700 may include a fluid reservoir 702 and a water filtration system 700F, for example, within a housing 701. In some embodiments, the water filtration system 700F may include a water filter 20, a reverse osmosis filter 30, and / or a sterilizer 40, as disclosed in the previous embodiments. Furthermore, the water filtration system 700F may additionally or alternatively include a nanometer filter. Furthermore, the water structuring system may include a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 752, a structured water generator 760, a mixer 754, and a mineral source 750. The structured water generator 760 may also include a vortex structuring system (described in detail later in FIGS. 24C-G). The mineral source 750 may include one or more pumps to maintain the homogeneity of the desired mineral mixture in the water.

[0414] In one embodiment, water collected by water source 710 (e.g., water source 10 and / or condensation collector 12) may be delivered to fluid storage location 702, for example, within housing 701, as shown in FIG. 24A. The collected or stored water within fluid storage location 702 may then be delivered to water filtration system 700F (e.g., water filter 20, reverse osmosis filter 30, sterilizer 40, and / or nanometer filter) for filtering or purifying the water in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Structured water generator 760 may also receive minerals dispensed from mineral source 750. Mineral source 750 may add minerals and / or additives to the water within structured water generator 760 via the mineral input. Trace elements can include, but are not limited to, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), biotin (vitamin B7), folic acid (vitamin B9), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), cobalamin (vitamin B12), one or more amino acids selected from L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, theanine, and the like, and any suitable metabolite of an essential amino acid, such as hydroxymethylbutyrate or β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, and the like. The minerals and additives added to the system can be any one or more suitable minerals and additives, including, but not limited to, any of the minerals and additives described herein.

[0415] In one embodiment, water injection system 700 may include a feeder and a drainer (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and description). The feeder may be any suitable means for feeding fluid into water injection system 700, including, but not limited to, pipes, tubing, valves, connections, and the like, and may be made from any suitable material. The drainer may be any suitable means for draining fluid from water injection system 700, including, but not limited to, pipes, tubing, valves, connections, and the like, and may be made from any suitable material. One or more of the feeder and drainer may be integrally formed with other components in water injection system 700, or may be formed separately and connected to water injection system 700 through one or more connecting means. Non-limiting examples of connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.

[0416] Still referring to FIG. 24, filtered water from water filtration system 700F may be provided to mineral reactor 752 and mixer 754. As described in the previous embodiment, mineral reactor 752 may produce H2 and MgO to be delivered to structured water generator 760. As disclosed with reference to FIG. 12, mineral reactor 752 may include vessel 52A, motor 52D, rotor 52B, and housing 52C. Rotor 52B may be a screw-type mixing device (or auger, drill, threaded rod, etc.) attached to motor 52D. Magnesium may be stored in vessel 52A. The magnesium stored in vessel 52A may be mixed with water by rotor 52B, as shown in FIG. 19. A reactor (not shown in this figure for clarity of illustration and description) may then produce MgO and H, which may then be sent to mixer 754 to be mixed with minerals, additives, and / or additional H in accordance with the present disclosure. The speed of mixer 754 (e.g., a cyclone mixer) may depend on the desired quantity and quality of water being treated in structured water generator 760. In one embodiment, the average velocity of the water in mixer 754 (e.g., a cyclone mixer) may be set to 10 meters / second and the pressure may be 45 psi. However, the speed and pressure may be varied based on Bernoulli's principle and the desired amount of MgO and H output from mineral reactor 752.

[0417] In embodiments, the amount of minerals and / or additives added to mineral reactor 752 and received by structured water generator 760 from mineral source 750 may be varied to produce structured water according to the present disclosure. For example, the amount of minerals and additives required for one 12-ounce bottle of water may be different from two 12-ounce bottles of water. As described in the previous embodiment, for example, one or more minerals and / or additives received by structured water generator 760 from mineral source 750 can help induce cavitation and / or agitation within structured water generator 760.

[0418] The structuring process of the structured water generator 760 is described in further detail below. Water from the mixer 754 may be provided to the structured water generator 760 to change the energy structure of the water using agitation, and then exposed to cavitation and subsequent implosion. As disclosed above, minerals and additives may be added to the structured water generator 760 from the mineral source 750. The addition of minerals such as magnesium improves the generation and / or retention of desired gases (e.g., hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.) in the water.

[0419] The structured water generator 760 may be any device or means capable of inducing sufficient cavitation, implosion, and / or agitation in water to induce structuring of the water. The structured water generator 760 may include various input and output means for introducing potable water, minerals, and additives, as described above, and elements for inducing cavitation and / or agitation, such as a rapid rotation device, coupled to the structured water generator 760.

[0420] In one embodiment, the structured water generator 760 may comprise a rotation and translation device (i.e., a device that provides structuring to the water) that translates and rotates a helical-spiral shaped vessel containing water, generating the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes to structure the water. Figures 24C-E show an example implementation for the structured water generator 760, including a rotation and translation mechanism. As shown in Figure 24C, the structured water generator 760 may include a housing (or bracket or frame) 761. Within or on the housing 761, the structured water generator 760 may include a motor 763, a first wheel 764, a second wheel 768, and a belt 765 that fits into the respective grooves of the first wheel 764 and the second wheel 768, as shown in Figures 24C and 24D. The combination of first wheel 764, second wheel 768, and belt 765 may be referred to as a rotation generator. First wheel 764 and second wheel 768 may have different diameters to increase the speed or torque generated by the pulley system. For example, but not limited to, first wheel 764 may be a 6-inch wheel and second wheel may be a 4-inch wheel, any suitable size and number of wheels may be used in the rotation generator.

[0421] In one embodiment, a motor 763 coupled to the first wheel 764 rotates to provide sufficient rotational and translational movement of the structured water generator 760 at frequencies above 300 Hz. These movements result in a phase change from water to steam that generates the necessary cavitation and controlled implosion processes of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the motor 763 may include a rotating element 765A within a housing 766C of the motor 763, as shown in FIG. 24E. The rotating element 765A may include one or more magnets 766D that facilitate rotation of the rotating element 765A. The motor 763 may include one or more coils for generating a magnetic field that generates a rotational force on the one or more magnets 766D. The motor 763 may include a shaft 765B that may be connected to the first wheel 764 to rotate the first wheel 764 to facilitate the structuring process of the present disclosure.

[0422] Referring again to FIG. 24C , the structured water generator 760 may include a conical (or spiral-shaped) vessel (or tank) 762 having an input opening 766 that may be directly or indirectly coupled to the mixer 754, the structured water generator 760, the mineral source 750, and / or the water source 710 to receive desired fluids and / or minerals for facilitating water structuring according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The conical vessel 762 may be, for example, a helical-spiral shaped tube (i.e., a tube having a helical spiral configuration). The structured water generator 760 may include an output opening 769 for outputting the structured water from the conical vessel 762. In one embodiment, the conical vessel 762 may have a capacity of 15 to 50 liters. The structured water generator 760 may include a shaft 767, which may include a rod (or blade) connected to one or more interior surfaces of the conical vessel 762, as shown in FIG. 24C . The shaft 767 may be connected to a motor 763 which rotates at high speeds, generating a vortex which allows the water to create cavitation of each bubble generated within the conical vessel 762, resulting in the phenomenon of implosion.

[0423] As shown in FIGS. 24C and 24D , one or more screws and nuts, as well as other suitable fastening elements, may be utilized to securely align the components of the structured water generator 760 within the housing 761. That is, the components of the structured water generator 760 shown in FIGS. 24C and 24D may be attached or coupled to the housing 761 in a manner sufficient to support translational and rotational movement of the conical vessel 762 at high speeds. The translational and rotational movement will be described with reference to FIG. 24D . The translational and rotational movement of the conical vessel 762 allows water molecules within the conical vessel 762 to reach temperatures exceeding 5,000 K. In some embodiments, the temperature can triple depending on the energy generated from the translational and rotational movement. The onset of cavitation exhibits a significant dependence on the coherent structure of the directed flow, which is organized as paired (or concentric) vortex rings, as shown in FIGS. 24F and 24G . Additionally, cavitation / implosion occurs continuously at the vortex core, indicating a strong correlation between the cavitation / implosion and vortex dynamics. In the early stages, vortex stretching is the dominant factor, contributing to vortex growth and the elliptical shape of the cavitation ring. In comparison, the expansion period can result in local vorticity enhancement or suppression depending on the volume fluctuations induced by cavitation. During the implosion phase, bubbles generate baroclinic vorticity and contribute to three-dimensional vorticity. Exposure to cavitation and / or implosion homogenizes the mixture. In one embodiment, structuring or homogenizing the mixture may be achieved through ultrasonic mixing or exposure to a vacuum pressure differential. Due to the cyclical function of the implosion structure along with the temporal evolution of large vortices, vorticity can be separated into, for example, nine stages: initiation, collision, growth, cavitation cloud, loss of coherence, cavitation cloud growth, collision, implosion, and water restructuring. In one embodiment, the linear flow rate required to initiate the water restructuring process may be in the range of 30 m / s to 300 m / s.

[0424] Still referring to FIG. 24A , water dispensing system 700 may include magnetizer 770 and dispensing module 705. Magnetizer 770 may include, for example, any means or device that generates a magnetic field sufficient to configure the magnetic field of the water in a desired manner. For example, magnetizer 770 may include a neodymium magnet or other magnetizing means, such as, but not limited to, one or a combination of the following: a metal magnet such as iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and / or nickel (Ni); a natural magnetic mineral called “calamite,” which is composed mostly of iron; and / or an electromagnet. An arrangement of neodymium or other material magnets may be arranged in water dispensing system 700 according to the desired design or functionality of the water dispensing system. Additionally or alternatively, magnetizer 770 may align water molecules by generating an electromagnetic field within a conductive material that produces magnetization by induction. After the water leaves the structured water generator 760, it may be magnetized by a magnetizer 770 with a neodymium magnet, and then gases such as oxygen, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide may be added before it is cooled and finally dispensed into containers for consumption.

[0425] 24A, water injection system 700 may include a gas source including, for example, at least one of H2 storage location 706, O2 storage location 707, and CO2 storage location 708, a hydrogen generation cell 712, or a combination thereof within housing 701. Water injection system 700 may also include a cooling system 790, a main control system 711, a compressor 709, and a UV filter 704.

[0426] In one embodiment, a gas source (e.g., H storage location 706, O storage location 707, CO storage location 708, and / or hydrogen generation cell 712) may add one or more gases (e.g., oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof) to water that may be treated by structured water generator 760. In one embodiment, the gas source may include a means or structure (e.g., hydrogen generation cell 712) for performing separation of water into gaseous oxygen and hydrogen using electrolysis or other processes, and a means or structure for gas storage, such as a cylinder or pressurized tank. In one embodiment, a UV filter 704 may disinfect or sterilize the treated structured water from structured water generator 760 before the gas source adds one or more gases to the treated water. Additionally, the water may be cooled by cooling system 790 before being dispensed for consumption by dispensing module 705. Cooling system 790 can also be used to cool the water supplied to structured water generator 760 to a temperature of 4°C.

[0427] As described above, FIG. 24B depicts an exploded view of water injection system 700 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 24B illustrates one exemplary arrangement of components of water injection system 700. Of course, other arrangements of components are possible to facilitate the desired operation of water injection system 700. Because water injection system 700 shown in FIG. 24B includes components that are identical or similar to those described in water injection system 700 shown in FIG. 24A, a description of the identical components shown in FIG. 24A will accordingly be omitted for brevity and clarity of exposition. In embodiments, water injection system 700 of FIGS. 24A and 24B may include a feeder and / or a drainer coupled to various components of water injection system 700 shown in FIG. 24B to facilitate operation of water injection system 700 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The feed device may be any suitable means for providing fluids, minerals, and / or other materials necessary to facilitate operation of water injection system 700, including, but not limited to, pipes, tubing, valves, connections, and the like, and may be made from any suitable materials. The drain device may be any suitable means for draining fluids, minerals, and / or other materials necessary to facilitate operation of water injection system 700, including, but not limited to, pipes, tubing, valves, connections, and the like, and may be made from any suitable materials. One or more of the feed device and drain device may be integrally formed with water injection system 700 or may be formed separately and connected to the water injection device through a connecting means. Non-limiting examples of connecting means include flanges, adhesives, welding, and the like.

[0428] 25A and 25B are illustrations of a large-scale water dosing system 800. In one embodiment, water dosing system 800 may include a water filtration system 800F, a housing 801, a fluid storage location 802, a UV filter 804, a dispenser 805, an H2 storage location 806, an O2 storage location 807, a CO2 storage location 808, a hydrogen generator 809, a water source 810, a main control system 811, a hydrogen generation cell 812, a mineral source 850, a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 852, a mixer 854, a structured water generator 860, a magnetizer 870, and a cooling system 890. 25A and 25B may differ from the components of water dispensing system 700 shown in Figures 24A-E, the components of water dispensing systems 700 and 800 are scalable and modifiable to provide the same structured water according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, a detailed description of each of the components of water dispensing system 800 is omitted with respect to Figures 25A and 25B for the sake of brevity. Figure 25A is a perspective view of large-scale water dispensing system 800, and Figure 25B is an overhead view of large-scale water dispensing system 800.

[0429] 26A and 26B are illustrations of a compact version of a water dispensing system 900 according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the water dispensing system 900 may include a water filtration system 900F, a housing 901, a fluid storage location 902, a UV filter 904, a dispenser 905, an H2 storage location 906, an O2 storage location 907, a CO2 storage location 908, a water source 910, a main control system 911, a hydrogen generation cell 912, a mineral source 950, a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) 903, a mixer 951, a structured water generator 960, a magnetizer 970, and a cooling system 990. 26A and 26B may differ from the components of water dispensing systems 700 and 800 shown in FIGS. 24A-E and 25A-B, the components of water dispensing systems 700-900 are scalable and modifiable to provide the same structured water according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, a detailed description of each of the components of water dispensing system 900 is omitted with respect to FIG. 26A for the sake of brevity. FIG. 26A is an exploded view of compact water dispensing system 900, and FIG. 26B is a perspective view of large-scale water dispensing system 800.

[0430] 26B and 26C illustrate components of a water injection system 900 and a water source 910. The components in the water source 910 may be incorporated into the water sources of systems 200-800 of FIGS. 18-25B according to the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the water source 910 may be a condensation and extraction system. When the water supply is from ambient moisture, the water source 910 may include an optimized condensation system with an extraction system that allows water to be captured from the atmosphere by two main elements: a condensation system and an extraction system.

[0431] The water source 910 may include a condensing system housing 930, a cooling system 932, a vapor absorber 933, and a condenser 934. In one embodiment, the cooling system 932 may be a semiconductor-based electronic component that functions as a miniature heat pump based on the Peltier effect. By applying a low DC voltage to it, one side of the device will be cooled while the other side will simultaneously be heated. This device is used to improve the coefficient of performance (COP) of the module and improve the heat transfer rate (i.e., increase the heat transfer capacity). The vapor absorber 933 may be a fixed-bed vapor absorber filled with carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and other allotropes of carbon that absorb the vapor and are connected to the condenser 934. The condenser 934 may be a helical-spiral housing, and the condenser 934 may be connected to a nozzle system 935, which improves the condensation process. In one embodiment, when a helical-spiral shaped housing is used as the condenser 934, a cooling system 932 (e.g., a thermoelectric cooler) can alternatively be attached to the condenser 934 (e.g., the helical-spiral shaped housing) to allow for better alignment of the thermoelectric cells. The condenser 934 (e.g., the helical-spiral shaped housing) can be located above the air flow injected by the extractor for condensation. The water source 910 may also include an air extractor 936 and a storage vessel 937.

[0432] 27 is a cutaway view of area 2000A of water injection system 700, showing the attachment of structured water generator 760 to water injection system 700, and illustrating the movement of various parts, e.g., cone-shaped (or spiral-shaped) vessel (or tank) 762, during the cavitation process. For example, as shown in FIG. 27 , water injection system 700 includes primary fastening system 2001, rotating element 2065A, input opening 2066, one or more magnets 2066D (energetic solids), housing 2066C for rotating element 2065A, secondary fastening system 2006, and sealer 2007. In the exemplary embodiment, primary fastening system 2001 is a mechanical temporary fixation device responsible for joining housing 2066C and sealer 2007 using torsional forces. Rotating element 2065A induces rotational movement of one or more magnets 2066D by transmitting torque and force. Input opening 2066 includes holes for injecting fluids, minerals, and / or additives into the device. Input opening 2066 is not limited and any suitable input for materials to be added to the water injection system can be used.

[0433] One or more magnets 2066D (high energy solids) are responsible for displacing fluid inside structured water generator 760 at high velocities, which generates turbulence and flow trajectories that can be directed in circular and helical forms, thereby generating void areas where high pressures and temperatures can be found inside structured water generator 760. One or more magnets 2066D (high energy solids), along with sealer 2007, are also responsible for avoiding leaks caused by high pressures, which prevents pressure reduction and ensures a sealed system within water injection system 700, including structured water generator 760, while also providing rigidity to the system. Secondary fastening system 2006 is a mechanical element that allows for containment and fixation of removable elements.

[0434] As disclosed in the previous embodiments, when the water supply is not suitable for consumption, embodiments of the water injection system of the present disclosure may include one or more filters or sterilizers. Non-limiting examples of filters include inverted osmosis filters, reverse osmosis filters, activated carbon, filters containing activated carbon, and the like. Any suitable filter or device can be used. Non-limiting examples of sterilizers include ultraviolet light emission, ozone sources, and / or chemical disinfectants, including, but not limited to, chlorine. However, the use of chemical disinfectants is not preferred because they may be harmful to health or because consumers may prefer water without the chemicals.

[0435] In another exemplary embodiment, the water injection system of the present disclosure can include an ion exchange filter that extracts any undesirable ions from various metal compounds. For example, in one embodiment, the ion exchange filter can be selected to remove carbonates from the water source. Such carbonates are hard water salts that can form undesirable scale on the interior walls of various components of the water injection system. The ion exchange filter is not limited, and any suitable ion exchange filter can be used.

[0436] In one embodiment, the water injection system of the present disclosure can additionally include a cation exchange membrane when the water injection device includes a reverse osmosis filter to remove salts from the water being treated therein.

[0437] FIG. 28 depicts a flowchart of an exemplary method 2100 for generating structured water by a water injection system according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. A water injection system implementing method 2100 may utilize any of the systems and components described above with reference to FIGS. 18-27 to generate structured water according to the present disclosure. In step 2102, a water injection system device of the present disclosure may receive water via a water supply source. In one embodiment, the water supply source may include a condenser that can generate water from atmospheric humidity. In one embodiment, the water received via the water supply source may be filtered by a water filtration system. In step 2104, the water from the water supply source may be transferred to a structured water generator. In one embodiment, the water may also be transferred to a mixer and / or a mineral reactor (e.g., an MgPLUS unit). The water transferred to the structured water generator, mixer, and / or mineral reactor may be from the water supply source and / or from the water filtration system. In one embodiment, the mineral reactor may generate MgO and H2 from the received water. In step 2106, a mixer, a mineral reactor, and / or a gas source may transfer hydrogen to the structured water generator. In one embodiment, the mixer may mix the MgO and H2 received from the mineral reactor with filtered water received from a water filtration system. In one embodiment, the mixer may mix any suitable water that does not require filtration with the MgO and H2 received from the mineral reactor. In one embodiment, the mixer may mix any suitable water with H2 received from a gas source. In some embodiments, the mixer may mix any suitable water with the MgO and H2 received from the mineral reactor and the H2 received from the gas source. In one embodiment, the mineral source may transfer one or more minerals and / or additives to the structured water generator. For example, the minerals and / or additives may be the same as those disclosed in the previous embodiment.

[0438] Still referring to FIG. 28 , in step 2108, the structured water generator may generate structured water by inducing cavitation and agitation in water transferred to the structured water generator. In one embodiment, water may be transferred to the structured water generator from a water source, water received from a water filtration system, and / or a fluid mixture received from a mixer. In one embodiment, the cavitation and agitation may be generated by vortex generators in the structured water generator. The vortex generators may be configured to rotate at, for example, 3,600 rpm and generate an average linear velocity of water of about 30 m / s to about 60 m / s, preferably 50 m / s. Furthermore, the vortex generators may be configured to maintain an internal pressure that is less than 2 kPa (absolute pressure). In another embodiment, the vortex generators may be configured to generate an average linear velocity of water at 10 m / s and maintain an internal pressure of 45 psi. In one embodiment, the structured water generator may structure filtered water received from a water filtration system and / or a fluid mixture received from a mixer. Alternatively, the structured water generator may structure only a fluid mixture received from a mixer. In one embodiment, the structured water generator may structure any suitable water received from a water source, a water filtration system, and / or a mixer with one or more minerals received from a mineral source.

[0439] In step 2110, a magnetizer may magnetize the structured water output from the structured water generator. In one embodiment, the magnetizer may generate a magnetic field to rearrange molecules in the structured water so that they are closer to each other, resulting in better-tasting, longer-lasting structured water. In one embodiment, a UV filter may disinfect or sterilize the magnetized structured water, and / or a gas source may add one or more gases to the magnetized structured water. For example, the one or more gases may include oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a cooling system may cool the magnetized structured water to a desired temperature. In step 2112, a dispenser may dispense the magnetized structured water to a user.

[0440] In one embodiment, a main control system may automatically or manually facilitate a water structuring method according to the present disclosure, including method 2100. For example, a water dispensing system of the present disclosure may include one or more user interfaces. The user interface may be a display, knob, button, lever, touch screen, and / or any other suitable input terminal configured to receive user input to initiate the water structuring process of the present disclosure. The main control system may be directly or indirectly connected to the components of the water dispensing system of the present disclosure to facilitate the electrical and mechanical control and / or operation of the components of the water dispensing system to perform the structuring and dispensing of structured water. The main control system may include one or more processors and instructions executable by the one or more processors, which may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium. Thus, whenever a computer- and / or processor-implemented method (e.g., automation or manual control of a water dispensing system by a control system) is described in this disclosure, the present disclosure shall also be understood to describe a non-transitory computer-readable medium that, when executed by the one or more processors, configures the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method and / or stores instructions causing the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, solid-state storage media (e.g., solid-state drives), optical storage media (e.g., optical disks), and magnetic storage media (e.g., hard disk drives). Non-transitory computer-readable media may be part of a computer system's memory or may be separate from any computer system.

[0441] (Example)

[0442] The principles of the present invention, as well as certain illustrative features and embodiments thereof, will now be illustrated by reference to the following non-limiting examples.

[0443] A system for preparing the beverage compositions of the examples described herein is described above, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein to the same extent as if fully set forth herein. As described herein, the water dispensing system described therein produces the structured water of the present invention and dispenses an aqueous beverage comprising the structured water with molecular hydrogen and minerals dissolved therein. The minerals and additives are added to the system from a mineralizer prior to the structuring process in the amounts described in Examples 1-4 (Tables 9-15) below.

[0444] In addition, the aqueous beverage contains dissolved hydrogen. The dissolved hydrogen in the structured water is obtained from a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit), a gas source, or any other available source of gaseous hydrogen, as described herein. For example, the hydrogen dissolved in the aqueous beverage of the present invention can be added to the water dispensing system in any reasonable amount from one or more of a mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit), a gas source, or any other available source of gaseous hydrogen. As described herein, a gas source may include a means, structure, or device for generating or separating gas, such as by electrolysis or other process (e.g., a hydrogen generation cell, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) cell), and a means for gas storage, such as a cylinder or pressurized tank, and any combination thereof.

[0445] In an exemplary embodiment, approximately 50% of the hydrogen added to the water injection system is generated by the mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit), and the remaining 50% is generated by a hydrogen generation cell or gas source. Additional hydrogen can also be added to the water injection system from a hydrogen storage location, e.g., in an amount of approximately 20%, to sustain the final amount of dissolved hydrogen in the aqueous beverage. For example, for a final concentration of approximately 6 mg / L of hydrogen in an aqueous beverage of the present invention, 3 mg / L of hydrogen may be generated by the mineral reactor (or MgPLUS unit) and 3 mg / L of hydrogen may be generated by a hydrogen generation cell or gas source. In another embodiment, an additional 1.0 to 2.0 mg / L of hydrogen may be added to the water injection system from a hydrogen storage location. However, these amounts are not limiting, and hydrogen can be added to the water injection system in any combination of amounts from different hydrogen sources.

[0446] Example 1

[0447] In a first exemplary embodiment, the ingredients listed in Table 9 are added to the water injection system described herein in the amounts listed prior to the structuring process.

[0448] [Table 9]

[0449] Example 2

[0450] In a second exemplary embodiment, the ingredients listed in Table 10 are added to the water injection system described herein in the amounts listed prior to the structuring process.

[0451] [Table 10-1] [Table 10-2]

[0452] Example 3

[0453] In a third exemplary embodiment, the ingredients listed in Table 11 are added to a water injection system as described herein in the amounts listed prior to the structuring process.

[0454] [Table 11]

[0455] Example 4

[0456] In a fourth exemplary embodiment, the ingredients listed in Table 12 are added to a water injection system as described herein in the amounts listed prior to the structuring process.

[0457] [Table 12]

[0458] (Experimental Example)

[0459] A Clark-type electrode was used to measure the amount of dissolved hydrogen in the aqueous beverage of this application. The Clark-type sensor electrode includes an electrochemical system of two electrodes, a reference electrode and a sensor anode. The sensor is connected to a highly sensitive picoammeter, where the anode is polarized relative to an internal reference. When driven by external partial pressure, hydrogen dissolved in the beverage passes through the sensor tip membrane and oxidizes on the surface of the sensor anode. The picoammeter converts the resulting oxidation current into an electrical signal. The electrode is calibrated in reverse osmosis water according to the procedure required by the particular sensor, and then immersed in the aqueous beverage to measure the concentration of dissolved hydrogen. The calibration curve used to calculate the concentration of dissolved hydrogen as a function of voltage readings for the Clark-type electrode used in the examples described herein is shown in Figure 7.

[0460] To measure the concentration of dissolved hydrogen, the beverage of Example 4 was collected in a 900 ml bottle, which was then manually sealed. The sealed bottle was sealed at room temperature (approximately 15° C.) and normal atmospheric pressure (approximately 75 kPa). The sealed bottle was opened at various times and transferred to a suitable container for measurement of the dissolved hydrogen concentration. The time between transfer to a suitable container and measurement of the dissolved hydrogen concentration was less than 5.0 seconds.

[0461] The results of the measurements described above for the beverage of Example 4 are shown in Tables 13-15.

[0462] Table 13 shows the change in hydrogen concentration as a function of time. As shown by the results in Table 13, the dissolved hydrogen concentration is highest at a temperature of 4° C. The concentration of dissolved hydrogen is temperature dependent and decreases with increasing storage temperature.

[0463] [Table 13]

[0464] Table 14 lists the dissolved hydrogen concentrations as measured 72 hours after collecting and bottling water in plastic containers at 18°C. Traditionally, the equilibrium concentration (saturation) of hydrogen gas in water at 1 atm partial pressure is 1.57 mg / L. However, dissolved hydrogen escapes from the water, and hydrogen is not retained at this concentration over time in conventional beverages. In comparison, as shown in Table 14, the amount of dissolved hydrogen is maintained even after 72 hours of storage. This is an unexpected and superior property of the aqueous beverage of the present invention, in that the retention of dissolved hydrogen in water is possible due to the presence of a three-dimensional helical cage structure (structured water) in the aqueous beverage of the present invention.

[0465] [Table 14]

[0466] Table 15 lists the dissolved hydrogen concentration over time. In this example, water was collected from a water injection system and bottled in glass containers. As can be seen in Table 15, the dissolved hydrogen concentration was highest 168 hours (7 days) after bottling and decreased over time. However, even 2,016 hours (84 days) after bottling, the dissolved hydrogen concentration was 1.65 mg / L. H2O , which is higher than the equilibrium (saturation) concentration of hydrogen gas in water at 1 atm partial pressure (1.57 mg / L). The results in Table 15 also show that when structured water dispensed from a water dispensing system is collected and stored in a glass bottle, the concentration of dissolved hydrogen is significantly higher (3.46 mg / L) compared to the concentration of dissolved hydrogen in water collected and bottled in a plastic container (1.56 mg / L). This may be due to the different porosities of glass and plastic bottles. Glass, which has lower porosity, is able to retain the dissolved concentration in the container for a greater amount than plastic.

[0467] [Table 15]

[0468] These results also demonstrate the unexpected and superior properties, including long-term stability, of the aqueous beverage compositions described herein, which comprise a three-dimensional helical cage structure of polygonal water molecules, where the polygonal water molecules comprise two or more adjacent water molecules connected by hydrogen bridges, and the three-dimensional helical cage structure has a central hollow lumen (channel) that contains dissolved hydrogen, minerals, and additives within the hollow lumen. H2O The high concentration of dissolved hydrogen, as demonstrated by the concentration of dissolved hydrogen at 84 days (Table 15) compared to 3 days (Table 14), and the long-term stability of dissolved hydrogen, as demonstrated by the higher concentration of dissolved hydrogen at 84 days (Table 15) compared to 3 days (Table 14), are attributed to the presence of dissolved hydrogen molecules within the hollow lumen of the three-dimensional helical cage structure of the structured water of the present invention and the minerals and additives contained therein as well.

[0469] Because various changes can be made in the above methods and compositions without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is intended that all matters contained in the above description be interpreted as illustrative and not limiting. Any numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, components, reaction conditions, and the like used herein are intended to encompass the exact numerical values ​​identified herein and to be modified in all instances by the term "about." Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters set forth herein, the broad scope of the subject matter presented herein, are approximations, the stated numerical values ​​are presented as precisely as possible. However, any numerical value may inherently contain some error or inaccuracy, as evidenced by the standard deviations found in their respective measurement techniques. None of the features recited herein should be construed as invoking paragraph 6 of 35 U.S.C. § 112, unless the term "means" is explicitly used.

Claims

1. A water injection device, comprising: The housing and a water source coupled to the housing; a water filtration system within the housing, the water filtration system receiving water from the water source and outputting filtered water; a structured water generator coupled to the water filtration system and configured to receive the filtered water and output structured water, the structured water generator comprising: A motor; a rotation generator coupled to the motor; a vortex generator coupled to the rotation generator by a shaft, the vortex generator configured to rotate at a first speed based on a rotational speed of the rotation generator, the vortex generator comprising a spiral tube, the vortex generator configured to generate the structured water in accordance with the first speed; a structured water generator comprising: a mineral reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water source, the mineral reactor comprising: MgO and H ２ and generating the MgO and H ２ to the structured water generator, and the mineral reactor is configured to a container configured to store magnesium; a rotor coupled to the vessel, The rotor mixes the magnesium with the filtered water received from the water filtration system to form the MgO and H ２ a rotor configured to generate a mineral reactor comprising: a gas supply coupled to the structured water generator, the gas supply configured to provide one or more gases to the structured water generator, the one or more gases including at least one of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer configured to generate a magnetic field to align the structured water in a certain direction; a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser configured to dispense the structured water; and A water injection device comprising:

2. The rotor rotates the MgO and H ２ 10. The water dosing device of claim 1, further comprising a cyclone mixer configured to mix the filtered water with the filtered water.

3. the rotation generator includes a first wheel and a second wheel; The water dispensing device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the first wheel is greater than the diameter of the second wheel.

4. The water injection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spiral tube has a conical shape.

5. The rotor is made of the MgO and H ２ 5. The water dispensing device of claim 1, further comprising a screw-type mixing rod configured to mix a water content of the filtered water with the filtered water.

6. The water dispensing device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first speed is between 1,800 rpm and 7,000 rpm.

7. The water dispensing device of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the water filtration system comprises a water filter, a reverse osmosis filter, and a sterilizer.

8. 8. The water dispensing device of claim 7, wherein the reverse osmosis filter comprises at least one cation exchange membrane for removing salts.

9. The water dispensing device of claim 7 , wherein the sterilizer comprises an ultraviolet light source.

10. 8. The water dispensing device of claim 7, wherein the water filter comprises at least one of a sediment filter, a granular activated carbon filter, or a compact activated carbon filter.

11. The water dispensing device of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the water source comprises a condenser for condensing and collecting atmospheric moisture and a collector.

12. The water dispensing device of claim 11 , wherein the condenser and the collector are arranged prior to the structured water generator.

13. the condenser comprises a cooling system; The water dispensing device of claim 11 , wherein the cooling system comprises at least one of a radial fan, an axial fan, or a thermoelectric cooler.

14. The water dispensing device of any one of claims 1-13, wherein the magnetizer comprises one or more neodymium magnets.

15. The water dispensing device of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the gas source further comprises a hydrogen generator for producing hydrogen.

16. The mineral reactor is adapted to carry out the following reaction: Mg+H ２ O→MgO+H ２ The H is obtained through a chemical reaction between magnesium and the filtered water by ２ The water injection device according to any one of claims 1 to 15,

17. 17. The water dispensing device of claim 16, wherein the magnesium comprises granular magnesium having a particle size of 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

18. A water injection device, comprising: A water source; a structured water generator coupled to the water source and configured to receive water and output structured water, the structured water generator comprising: a vortex generator configured to rotate at a speed; a reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water source, the reactor comprising: ２ and generating the H ２ a reactor configured to transfer the water to the structured water generator; a structured water generator comprising: a gas supply coupled to the structured water generator, the gas supply configured to provide one or more gases to the structured water generator; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer configured to generate a magnetic field to align the structured water in a certain direction; a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser configured to dispense the structured water; and A water injection device comprising:

19. A water injection device, comprising: A water source; a structured water generator coupled to the water source and configured to receive water and output structured water, the structured water generator comprising: A motor; a rotation generator coupled to the motor; a vortex generator coupled to the rotation generator by a shaft, the vortex generator configured to rotate at a first speed based on a rotational speed of the rotation generator, the vortex generator comprising a spiral tube, the vortex generator configured to generate the structured water in accordance with the first speed of the vortex generator; a structured water generator comprising: a mineral reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water source, the mineral reactor comprising: MgO and H ２ and generating the MgO and H ２ a mineral reactor configured to transfer the water to the structured water generator; a gas supply coupled to the structured water generator, the gas supply configured to provide one or more gases to the structured water generator; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer configured to generate a magnetic field to align the structured water in a certain direction; a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser configured to dispense the structured water; and A water injection device comprising:

20. A water injection device, comprising: a coupler for attaching a water source to a structured water generator configured to receive the water and output structured water, the structured water generator comprising: A motor; a vortex generator configured to rotate at a speed; a combiner comprising: a reactor coupled to the structured water generator and the water source, the reactor comprising: ２ and generating the H ２ a reactor configured to transfer the structured water to the structured water generator; a gas source configured to provide one or more gases; a magnetizer coupled to the structured water generator, the magnetizer configured to receive the structured water from the structured water generator and align the structured water in a certain direction by one or more magnets that generate a magnetic field within the magnetizer and an electromagnetic field within a conductive material that causes magnetization by induction; a dispenser coupled to the magnetizer, the dispenser configured to dispense the structured water received from the magnetizer; and A water injection device comprising:

21. 21. The water dispensing device of claim 20, further comprising a water filtration system configured to receive water from the water source and output filtered water to the structured water generator.

22. The water injection device of claim 20 or 21, wherein the vortex generator comprises one or more blades or rods connected to a shaft connected to the motor that rotates the shaft at high speed, and the one or more blades or rods connected to the shaft generate vortices in the water, which cause cavitation of each air bubble generated in the water, resulting in implosion.

23. 23. The water dosing device of any one of claims 20-22, wherein the reactor comprises a hydrogen generation cell that generates hydrogen via electrolysis.

24. The reactor is used for the following reaction: Mg+H ２ O→MgO+H ２ Through a chemical reaction between magnesium and water by ２ 24. The water dosing device of any one of claims 20-23, comprising a mineral reactor for producing:

25. 25. The water dispensing device of claim 24, wherein the magnesium comprises granular magnesium having a particle size of 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

26. The gas source may include one or more gases selected from the group consisting of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and combinations thereof. (a) the structured water generator; or (b) the water exiting the magnetizer; or (c) both (a) and (b) 26. The water dosing device of any one of claims 20-25, configured to provide

27. The gas sources include O 3 and O 4 for providing oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, respectively. ２ Storage tank, H ２ Storage tank, CO ２ 27. The water dispensing device of any one of claims 20-26, comprising one or more of a storage tank and a nitrogen storage tank.

28. At least one of the one or more magnets of the magnetizer (a) an electromagnet, or (b) a neodymium magnet, or (c) a magnet comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), rare earth metals, and combinations thereof; or (d) a magnet comprising an alloy of two or more of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and rare earth metals; or (e) Any combination of (a)-(d) The water injection device according to any one of claims 20 to 27, wherein

29. (a) maintaining a temperature for the structuring of water in the structured water generator; or (b) cooling the structured water before it is discharged from the dispenser; or (c) both (a) and (b) The water dispensing device of any one of claims 20-28, further comprising a cooling system configured to:

30. 30. The water dispensing device of any one of claims 20-29, wherein the water filtration system comprises a water filter, a reverse osmosis filter, and a sterilizer.

31. 31. The water dispensing device of claim 30, wherein the reverse osmosis filter comprises at least one cation exchange membrane for removing salts.

32. 31. The water dispensing device of claim 30, wherein the sterilizer comprises an ultraviolet light source.

33. 31. The water dispensing device of claim 30, wherein the water filter comprises at least one of a sediment filter, a granular activated carbon filter, or a compact activated carbon filter.

34. 1. A method for producing structured water, said method comprising: receiving water from a water source; providing the water to a structured water generator, the structured water generator including a vortex generator; providing hydrogen to the structured water generator via a reactor; providing one or more gases to the structured water generator by a gas source; rotating the vortex generators at a speed to induce cavitation and implosion in the vortex generators and generate vortices to create the structured water; outputting the structured water by the structured water generator; generating a magnetic field by a magnetizer to align the structured water in a certain direction; A method comprising:

35. a structured water comprising a plurality of water molecules in a planar orientation, wherein adjacent water molecules are joined by hydrogen bridges to form hexagonal rings of water molecules, forming a plane of a two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array of water molecules, which is replicated in a plurality of planes stacked in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array and connected via hydrogen bridges to form a plurality of layers of the two-dimensionally ordered hexagonal matrix array, forming a plurality of three-dimensional helical cage structures of polygonal water molecules, each of the helical cage structures having a central hollow lumen, each of the helical cage structures having a hexagonal shape when viewed from above; The density of the structured water is (a) 10% higher than the density of standard water, or (b) Structured water, which has a density of about 1.5 to about 5 times that of standard water.

36. 36. The structured water of claim 35, further comprising molecular hydrogen located inside said central hollow lumen of said helical cage structure.

37. 37. The structured water of claim 35 or 36, further comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

38. 38. The structured water of any one of claims 35-37, further comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of folic acid, citric acid, theanine, alanine, thiamine, vitamin 1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate located inside the central hollow lumen of the helical cage structure.

39. The method comprises:

36. A method of forming structured water according to claim 35, comprising exposing standard water to a cavitation and implosion process resulting in a localized pressure of about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a localized temperature of at least 5,000 K, to produce said structured water.

40. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the source of standard water is one or more selected from atmospheric moisture, river water, seawater, ocean water, lake water, groundwater, runoff water, reclaimed water, municipal water, tap water, glacial water, drinking water, reservoir water, and wastewater.

41. 41. The method of claim 39 or 40, further comprising purifying the standard water prior to exposing the standard water to the cavitation and implosion process.

42. 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the source of the standard water is atmospheric moisture.

43. 43. The method of claim 42, further comprising condensing the atmospheric moisture and collecting the standard water prior to exposing the standard water to the cavitation and implosion process.

44. 1. An aqueous formulation comprising: The structured water according to any one of claims 35 to 38; molecular hydrogen located within the central hollow lumen of one or more of the helical cage structures; at least one additive located within the central hollow lumen of one or more of the helical cage structures; 1. An aqueous formulation comprising:

45. 45. The aqueous formulation of claim 44, wherein the at least one additive is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, folic acid, citric acid, thiamine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, alanine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, hydroxymethylbutyrate, and salts and derivatives thereof.

46. 45. The aqueous formulation of claim 44, wherein the at least one additive comprises at least one of calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron (II) lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, citric acid, hydroxymethylbutyric acid, citrulline, glutamine, alanine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, and vitamin B12.

47. 47. The aqueous formulation of claim 46, wherein the additives include calcium lactate, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, citric acid, hydroxymethylbutyric acid, citrulline, glutamine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, and vitamin B9.

48. the concentration of molecular hydrogen is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L; the concentration of calcium lactate is from about 100 mg / L to about 8,200 mg / L; the magnesium lactate concentration is from about 40 mg / L to about 5,800 mg / L; the concentration of iron lactate is from about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L; the concentration of zinc sulfate is from about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L; the concentration of copper sulfate is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 2 mg / L; the concentration of sodium selenite is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 0.1 mg / L; the concentration of citric acid is from about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L; the concentration of hydroxymethylbutyric acid is from about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L; the concentration of citrulline is from about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L; the concentration of glutamine is from about 500 mg / L to about 5,000 mg / L; the concentration of vitamin B1 is about 0.1 mg / L to about 5 mg / L; the concentration of vitamin B2 is from about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L; the concentration of vitamin B6 is about 10 mg / L to about 200 mg / L; the concentration of vitamin B7 is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 10 mg / L; 48. The formulation of claim 47, wherein the concentration of vitamin B9 is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 10 mg / L.

49. 47. The aqueous formulation of claim 46, wherein the additives include molecular hydrogen, magnesium lactate, iron lactate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium selenite, alanine, theanine, and vitamin B12.

50. the concentration of molecular hydrogen is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 10 mg / L; the magnesium lactate concentration is from about 40 mg / L to about 5,800 mg / L; the concentration of iron lactate is from about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L; the concentration of zinc sulfate is from about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L; the concentration of copper sulfate is from about 0.1 mg / L to about 2 mg / L; the concentration of sodium selenite is from about 0.01 mg / L to about 0.1 mg / L; the concentration of alanine is from about 500 mg / L to about 10,000 mg / L; the concentration of theanine is from about 10 mg / L to about 500 mg / L; 50. The formulation of claim 49, wherein the concentration of vitamin B12 is from about 0.001 mg / L to about 1 mg / L.

51. 46. ​​A method for preparing the aqueous formulation of claim 44 or 45, said method comprising: exposing standard water to a cavitation and implosion process resulting in a local pressure of about 0.2 GPa to about 3 GPa and a local temperature of at least 5,000 K to produce structured water; adding one or more of a first additive, a second additive, and a third additive to the structured water; the first additive is molecular hydrogen; the second additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and selenium; the third additive is one or more selected from the group consisting of folic acid, citric acid, thiamine, theanine, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, alanine, valine, isoleucine, citrulline, glutamine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate; the first, second, and third additives are located inside the one or more of the hollow lumens of the helical cage structure of the structured water; A method comprising:

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