Heat transfer fluids with low electrical conductivity containing oxime functional groups, methods for their preparation, and their uses

Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions having low electrical conductivity, including a hydroxylamine-containing molecule in combination with a yellow metal corrosion inhibitor, e.g., a triazole, wherein the weight ratio of the yellow metal corrosion inhibitor to the hydroxylamine-containing molecule is 1:20 to 20:1; the compositions have an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25°C. These compositions effectively inhibit ferrous metal corrosion in heat transfer fluids with low electrical conductivity and can maintain low electrical conductivity that does not change substantially with aging. Thus, they are particularly useful as heat transfer fluids, for example, in fuel cell or battery-electric vehicles. The present invention further relates to methods for preparing the compositions and uses of the compositions.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to compositions comprising a hydroxylamine-containing molecule in combination with a yellow metal corrosion inhibitor, e.g., a triazole, and having low electrical conductivity that are particularly useful, e.g., as heat transfer fluids in fuel cells or battery electric vehicles. The present invention further relates to methods for preparing the compositions and uses with the compositions. [Background technology]

[0002] Heat transfer fluids are widely used in heat exchange systems associated with internal combustion engines, solar systems, fuel cells, electric motors, generators, electronic equipment, and the like.

[0003] Historically, water has been the preferred base fluid due to its heat transfer properties. In many applications, anti-freeze properties are required, and in such cases, a base fluid consisting of water mixed with a freezing point depressant, such as alcohol, glycol, or salt, is used. Additives present in the heat transfer fluid can be used to achieve various functionalities, such as (further) lowering the freezing point, improving heat exchange properties, inhibiting corrosion, etc. Because heat transfer fluids are in constant contact with metal parts (aluminum alloys, cast iron, steel, copper, brass, solder, etc.), they often contain one or more corrosion inhibitors.

[0004] Fuel cells are electrochemical cells in which stored chemical energy is converted into electrical energy by the controlled oxidation of fuel. Their relatively low emissions of pollutants compared to combustion engines make them an attractive alternative for applications such as automobiles and power plants. In most applications, several electrochemical cells are stacked together in series into a so-called fuel cell stack, allowing for higher electrical potentials to be generated. Coolant can flow through channels formed by the bipolar plates to remove heat generated by the fuel cell stack.

[0005] The potential difference between the positive and negative ends of the fuel cell stack can cause shunt current to flow in the coolant, thus reducing the voltage of the fuel cell. In addition to the harmful loss of voltage, the shunt current can lead to further problems, such as corrosion of the separator plates near the positive end of the fuel cell stack. Therefore, coolants for use in electrical applications, such as fuel cells, need to have low electrical conductivity (i.e., high electrical resistance) and be able to maintain this throughout the life of the coolant.

[0006] Most known heat transfer fluids (e.g., coolants) have been specifically designed for internal combustion engines and are not suitable for use in electrical applications, such as fuel cells, batteries, or power electronics, because they either (i) have high electrical conductivity or (ii) become significantly more electrically conductive with aging, especially at elevated temperatures. The increase in electrical conductivity with aging is generally due to the formation of ionic compounds due to the decomposition of alcohols, especially glycols, which are often used as base fluids, the decomposition of additives, metal corrosion, and / or impurities in the cooling circuit.

[0007] Accordingly, in recent years there has been increased interest in developing heat transfer fluids suitable for use in electrical applications, such as fuel cells.

[0008] Among the metals and alloys found in cooling systems, iron and steel are the most reactive in forming acids, while lighter metals and alloys, such as aluminum, are significantly less reactive. In fact, current-art low-electrical conductivity water-glycol coolants do not provide adequate protection against cast iron corrosion, and most known corrosion inhibitors either provide high electrical conductivity or are largely ineffective at preventing ferrous metal corrosion even when used in large quantities. This places a burden on system designers, as the presence of ferrous metals must be avoided at all costs. What is needed is a corrosion inhibitor that is effective in inhibiting corrosion in a wide variety of metals, especially ferrous materials, and ideally has long-term stability and is free of other deleterious or limiting properties.

[0009] EP 1 775 339 A1 describes heat transfer fluids containing hydroxylamines and their salts with various corrosion inhibitors including phenols and triazoles.

[0010] US Pat. No. 4,689,201A describes a heat transfer fluid containing hydroxylamine, tannin, a salt of a Group II metal, an amine and a triazole. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat transfer fluid that can maintain low electrical conductivity upon aging in the presence of ferrous metals, for example, upon aging at elevated temperatures.

[0012] It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat transfer fluid that can provide ferrous metal corrosion protection in electrical systems, particularly in low electrical conductivity applications such as in cooling fuel cells, batteries or power electronics. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] The inventors have surprisingly discovered that certain combinations of compounds according to formula (I) in combination with known yellow metal corrosion inhibitors, e.g., triazoles, when used appropriately in the correct ratio, can effectively achieve ferrous metal corrosion inhibition in heat transfer fluids with low electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the mixture maintains low electrical conductivity, which does not change substantially with aging. As shown in the accompanying examples, such ferrous metal corrosion inhibition is not observed when the compound according to formula (I) or the yellow metal corrosion inhibitor, e.g., triazole, is used separately or in ratios outside the claimed range. Similarly, this effect is not observed with conventional amines. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the inventors believe that the N—OH (hydroxylamine) functionality contained in compounds according to formula (I) is essential for their function in combination with corrosion inhibitors, e.g., triazoles. One or more objects of the present invention are achieved by the different aspects of the invention described herein.

[0014] Thus, in a first aspect of the present invention, a base fluid, a first corrosion inhibitor, and a compound according to formula (I) [ka] wherein X is nitrogen, such that the compound according to formula (I) is a hydroxylamine, or X is an imine, such that the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime; R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R 1 and R 2 are linked together with the C2-C6 alkanediyl linked to X to form a 3- to 7-membered ring. a composition comprising: The base fluid comprises water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof; the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof; The weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound according to formula (I) is 1:20 to 20:1; The composition has an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25°C.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention are provided in the form of ready-to-use compositions.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the compositions of the present invention are provided in the form of concentrates for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein.

[0017] In another aspect, the present invention provides kits for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein.

[0018] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for preparing the compositions described herein.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein from the concentrates.

[0020] In another aspect, the present invention provides methods for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein from kits.

[0021] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition comprising: a. generating heat in an electrical system, preferably selected from the group consisting of a solar system, a fuel cell, an electric motor, a generator, a battery, a telephone transmission station, power electronics, a radio and television broadcast station, a relay station, an electrical heating or cooling device, preferably a fuel cell, a battery, or power electronics; b. contacting the system of step a with a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition according to the present invention; c. transferring heat from the system to the composition; d. passing the composition through a heat exchanger; e. transferring heat away from the composition; A method for exchanging heat is provided, comprising:

[0022] In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound according to formula (I) as a ferrous metal or cast iron corrosion inhibitor, preferably in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25° C., more preferably in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 100 μS / cm at 25° C. and comprising a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The expression "comprises" and variations thereof, such as "comprises" and "comprising," as used herein, should be interpreted in an open and inclusive sense, meaning that the described embodiment includes the recited features, but does not exclude the presence of other features unless it renders the embodiment inoperable.

[0024] As used herein, the phrases "one embodiment," "particular embodiment," "one embodiment," and the like should be interpreted to mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. As such, the appearances of such phrases in various places throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. For example, particular features of the present disclosure that are described herein in the context of separate embodiments are also expressly contemplated in combination with a single embodiment.

[0025] As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" should be construed to include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term "or" is generally used in its broadest sense, meaning "and / or" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0026] The term "alkyl", as used herein, includes straight-chain, branched and cyclic alkyls.

[0027] The term "tolyltriazole," as used herein, refers to any methylbenzotriazole isomer. Preferably, the term refers to CAS 29385-43-1, a commercially available mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of 4-methylbenzotriazole and 5-methylbenzotriazole, with small amounts of their respective 7- and 6-methyl tautomers.

[0028] References are made to substances, components, or ingredients present immediately prior to initial contacting, blending, or mixing with one or more other substances, components, or ingredients according to the present disclosure. The substances, components, or ingredients may acquire their identity, properties, or characteristics through chemical reaction or transformation in the course of contacting, blending, or mixing, when performed in accordance with the present disclosure with the application of the common sense and ordinary skill of the average chemist. The definitions of substances, components, or ingredients, and their relative amounts, refer to the composition as prepared when the ingredients are first contacted, unless expressly indicated otherwise.

[0029] Electrical conductivity, as referred to herein, is preferably measured according to ASTM D1125(2014) with a Radiometer Copenhagen CDM210 conductivity meter using a Radiometer Copenhagen CDC745-9 conductivity cell and a Radiometer Copenhagen temperature sensor T201.

[0030] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a corrosion inhibitor comprising: a base fluid; a first corrosion inhibitor; and a compound according to formula (I): [ka] wherein X is nitrogen, such that the compound according to formula (I) is a hydroxylamine, or X is an imine, such that the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime; R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R 1 and R 2 are linked together with the C2-C6 alkanediyl linked to X to form a 3- to 7-membered ring. a composition comprising: The base fluid comprises water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof; the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof; The weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound according to formula (I) is 1:20 to 20:1; The composition has an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25°C.

[0031] According to the present invention, the weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound according to Formula (I) is determined based on the total amount of the first corrosion inhibitor and the total amount of the compound according to Formula (I) in the composition. Because two or more different first corrosion inhibitors may be used and two or more different compounds according to Formula (I) may be used, it logically follows that in such embodiments, the weights of all the first corrosion inhibitors and all the compounds according to Formula (I) should be taken into account to determine their relative weights.

[0032] As one skilled in the art will appreciate, R 1 and R 2 are linked together with the C2-C6 alkanediyl linked to X to form a 3- to 7-membered ring, and if X is nitrogen, the resulting ring is a heterocyclic ring containing one nitrogen atom.

[0033] A composition according to the present invention is preferably provided, wherein R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl.

[0034] A composition wherein the compound according to formula (I) is a hydroxylamine according to formula (Ia) In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as described herein, wherein X in the compound according to formula (I) is a hydroxylamine according to formula (Ia). [ka] (In the formula, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R 1 and R 2 are linked together to form a C2-C6 alkanediyl linked to the nitrogen of formula (Ia), forming a 3- to 7-membered ring. As such, nitrogen.

[0035] A preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein X in the compound according to formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the compound according to formula (I) is a hydroxylamine according to formula (Ia): R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl It is something.

[0036] A highly preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein X in the compound according to formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the compound according to formula (I) is a hydroxylamine according to formula (Ia): R 1 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; Preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C2 alkyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C2 alkyl It is something.

[0037] The most preferred embodiment of the present invention where X in the compound according to formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the compound according to formula (I) is a hydroxylamine according to formula (Ia), is where the compound according to formula (I) is N,N-diethylhydroxylamine.

[0038] In some embodiments of the invention where X in the compound according to Formula (I) is nitrogen, such that the compound according to Formula (I) is a hydroxylamine according to Formula (Ia), R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is hydrogen.

[0039] A composition wherein the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime according to formula (Ib) In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as described herein, wherein X in the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime according to formula (Ib). [ka] (In the formula, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R 1 and R 2 are linked together to form a C2-C6 alkanediyl linked to the oxime carbon of formula (Ib), forming a 3- to 7-membered ring. As such, it is an imine.

[0040] The stereochemical configuration of the oxime according to formula (Ib) is not particularly limiting, and the inventors believe that both E and Z stereoisomers can be used in the compositions of the present invention. The wavy bond in formula (Ib) is used to represent either the E or Z stereochemical configuration.

[0041] A preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein X in the compound according to formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime according to formula (Ib): R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; More preferably, R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl or C5-C6 cycloalkyl It is something.

[0042] A highly preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein X in the compound according to formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime according to formula (Ib): R 1 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C4 alkyl; Preferably, R 1is selected from C1-C2 alkyl; R 2 is selected from C1-C2 alkyl It is something.

[0043] The most preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein X in the compound according to formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime according to formula (Ib), is where the compound according to formula (I) is methyl ethyl ketone oxime.

[0044] In some embodiments of the invention, where X in the compound according to formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime according to formula (Ib), R 1 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R 2 is hydrogen.

[0045] In some embodiments of the invention, where X in the compound according to formula (I) is an imine, such that the compound according to formula (I) is an oxime according to formula (Ib), R 1 and R 2 are linked together to form a C5-C6 alkanediyl linked to the oxime carbon of formula (Ib), forming a 6- to 7-membered ring.

[0046] First Corrosion Inhibitor The compositions of the present invention comprise a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, and combinations thereof, more preferably selected from the group consisting of triazoles and thiazoles. Such corrosion inhibitors are known in the art as "yellow" corrosion inhibitors because they are known to inhibit corrosion of metals such as copper, brass, and their alloys.

[0047] The first corrosion inhibitor may be provided in the form of a salt, particularly a sodium, potassium, or amine salt, provided that the maximum electrical conductivity of the composition is taken into consideration. Suitable amine salts include salts having amines of the formula NRR'R'', where R, R', and R'' are each independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl. Such amines are preferably tertiary amines. The first corrosion inhibitor is preferably provided in the form of a free base.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, and combinations thereof.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 1,2,4-triazole, 4H-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, benzotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, tolyltriazole, 2-[2-hydroxyethyl-[(4-methylbenzotriazole- [(1-yl)methyl]amino]ethanol, 2-[2-hydroxyethyl-[(benzotriazolyl)methyl]amino]ethanol, (2-benzothiazolylthio)acetic acid, 2,2'-[[(methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]imino]bisethanol, N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, and combinations thereof, and more preferably selected from benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and combinations thereof.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-(4(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(4-phenylene)dithiazol-2-amine, 2-(acetyl-ethoxycarbonyl-methyleno)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylhydrazono)-1,3-thiazolidin-5-one, 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-thiazole, 2-methoxy-1,3-thiazole, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, ...-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thiazolidin-5-one, 4 and a thiazole selected from thiazoles ...

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is a triazine selected from 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 6-methyl-5-[m-nitrostyryl]-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine, and combinations thereof.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is a diazole selected from pyrazole, 4-nitropyrazole, and 4-sulfopyrazole.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from compounds according to general formula (IIa), (IIb) and / or (IIc): [ka] In the formula, R 1 represents one, two or three substituents on the six-membered ring, each of which is C1 to C 11 independently selected from alkyl, amine, methoxy, ethoxy, Cl, or Br; X is selected from nitrogen or a CH group; R 2 is hydrogen, a mercapto group (-SH), or C1 to C 11 alkyl, preferably selected from methyl or ethyl; Preferably, R 1 represents 1, 2, or 3 substituents on the 6-membered ring, each substituent being independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl, amine, methoxy, ethoxy, Cl, or Br; X is selected from nitrogen or a CH group; R 2 is selected from hydrogen, a mercapto group (—SH), or a C1 to C6 alkyl, preferably methyl or ethyl.

[0054] Relative Amounts of the Compound of Formula (I) and the First Corrosion Inhibitor As explained earlier in this specification and as shown in the accompanying examples, the inventors have found that a compound according to formula (I) and a first corrosion inhibitor, i.e., when used in accordance with the present invention in the relative amounts described herein, exhibit advantageous and unexpected synergistic behavior in the form of ferrous metal corrosion inhibition (without causing significant electrical conductivity on aging).

[0055] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound according to formula (I) is 1:20 to 10:1, preferably 1:10 to 10:1, more preferably 1:5 to 5:1, and most preferably 1:3.33 to 2.5:1.

[0056] Base fluid According to the present invention, the base fluid consists of water, or an alcohol, or a mixture thereof. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the alcohol of the base fluid is different from the compound according to formula (I). Preferably, the alcohol is a compound consisting exclusively of C, H and O atoms.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base fluid comprises 30-70% by weight (by weight of the base fluid) water and 30-70% by weight (by weight of the base fluid) alcohol, the total amount of water and alcohol always being 100% by weight (by weight of the base fluid).

[0059] As used herein, "monoethylene glycol" shall be taken to mean "ethane-1,2-diol" and is referred to interchangeably as "MEG."

[0060] As used herein, "monopropylene glycol" shall be taken to mean "propane-1,2-diol" and is referred to interchangeably as "MPG."

[0061] As used herein, the term "glycerol" means "propane-1,2,3-triol" and is synonymous with glycerin.

[0062] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the base fluid comprises water, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or mixtures thereof. As described elsewhere herein, ready-to-use heat transfer fluids typically comprise mixtures of water and alcohol as described herein. However, in some embodiments, particularly when concentrates are provided, only water or only alcohol may be used.

[0063] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the base fluid consists of water and an alcohol, wherein the alcohol is present in an amount of 10 to 99.5 wt. % (by weight of the base fluid), preferably 10 to 80 wt. %, and more preferably 30 to 70 wt. %. In certain embodiments, the alcohol is present in an amount ranging from 33 to 60 wt. % (by weight of the base fluid). In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the base fluid consists of 30 to 70 wt. % (by weight of the base fluid) water and 30 to 70 wt. % (by total weight of the base fluid) of an alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.

[0064] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight (by weight of the base fluid), preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight water.

[0065] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight monoethylene glycol (by weight of the base fluid), preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight, and most preferably more than 95% by weight monoethylene glycol.

[0066] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight monopropylene glycol (by weight of the base fluid), preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight, and most preferably more than 95% by weight monopropylene glycol.

[0067] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50 wt. % 1,3-propanediol (by weight of the base fluid), preferably more than 70 wt. %, more preferably more than 85 wt. %, and most preferably more than 95 wt. % 1,3-propanediol.

[0068] In an embodiment of the invention, the base fluid comprises more than 50% by weight glycerol (by weight of the base fluid), preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 85% by weight, and most preferably more than 95% by weight glycerol.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as described herein, wherein the composition comprises more than 78 wt. % (by total weight of the composition) of base fluid, more preferably more than 85 wt. %, also more preferably more than 90 wt. %, and even more preferably more than 95 wt. % or more than 98 wt. % of the base fluid.

[0070] As one skilled in the art will appreciate, a base fluid is typically added to a composition in a "suitable amount." In an embodiment of the invention, the composition comprises less than 99.9 wt. % of the base fluid (by total weight of the composition), e.g., less than 99.8 wt. %, less than 99.5 wt. %, or less than 99 wt. %, less than 98 wt. %, less than 97 wt. %, less than 96 wt. %, less than 95 wt. %, less than 94 wt. %, less than 93 wt. %, less than 92 wt. %, less than 91 wt. %, less than 90 wt. %, less than 89 wt. %, less than 88 wt. %, less than 87 wt. %, less than 86 wt. %, less than 85 wt. %, less than 84 wt. %, less than 83 wt. %, less than 82 wt. %, or less than 81 wt. % of the base fluid.

[0071] In preferred embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a composition as described herein, wherein the composition comprises less than 99.9 wt.% (by total weight of the composition), or less than 99.5 wt.%, or less than 99 wt.% of the base fluid.

[0072] pH In a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition has a pH in the range of 5 to 9, preferably in the range of 6 to 8.5, more preferably in the range of 6 to 8.

[0073] Enhancement Additives The inventors have found that including certain further additives in the compositions of the present invention can particularly improve one or more of the properties of the composition when used as a heat transfer fluid, particularly when considering corrosion inhibition (e.g., ferrous metal corrosion inhibition) and performance in maintaining low electrical conductivity with aging in the presence of metals at elevated temperatures, or by allowing the amount of compound according to formula (I) to be reduced while maintaining the same performance. Such particularly preferred additives, referred to herein as "enhancing additives," include nonionic polymers, amines, phenols, dioxoaromatic compounds, and nonionic surfactants.

[0074] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein comprise polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene oxide, polysiloxane, polyalkylene oxide C1-C 18 Alkyl or alkenyl ether, polyalkylene oxide C1-C 18 Alkyl or alkenyl esters, alkoxylated C1-C 18 The composition further comprises a non-ionic polymer selected from the group consisting of alkyl or alkenyl amines, polyvinyl acetate, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof, preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone. The non-ionic polymer preferably has a weight average molecular weight M in the range of 100 to 5,000,000 g / mol, preferably 500 to 2,500,000 g / mol. wThe polyalkylene oxide is preferably selected from polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polybutylene oxide, and copolymers thereof. The polyvinylpyrrolidone may be selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymers and polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers, preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymers. Examples of suitable polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers include polymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone in combination with at least one other monomer selected from styrene, vinyl acetate, ethylene, propylene, tetrafluoroethylene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl chloride, and ethylene oxide. In such embodiments, the percentage of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is at least 10%, more preferably at least 25%, e.g., at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95%, based on the total number of monomers in the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer. Preferred polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers that can be applied in the composition according to the present invention include copolymers of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, wherein the percentage of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is at least 25% based on the total number of monomers in the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer, which is the hydrolyzed form of the copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, and wherein the percentage of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is at least 10% based on the total number of monomers in the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer and the copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylcaprolactam, wherein the percentage of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer is at least 40% based on the total number of monomers in the polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer. The polyvinylpyrrolidone, preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymer, preferably has a weight average molecular weight M in the range of 100 to 5,000,000 g / mol, preferably 500 to 2,500,000 g / mol. w As one skilled in the art will recognize, the weight average molecular weight is the weight fraction of molecules in a polymer sample, providing an average of the molecular weights of the individual macromolecules in the polymer sample. Weight average molecular weight as defined herein is determined using the following formula: M w =(ΣNi M j 2 ) / (ΣN i M j ). Those skilled in the art are aware of different techniques for determining the weight-average molecular weight of polymers of varying chain length. The weight-average molecular weight and the corresponding method of measurement are typically indicated on the product data sheet of the polymer under consideration. In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the polyvinylpyrrolidone, preferably the polyvinylpyrrolidone homopolymer, has a weight-average molecular weight in the range of 3,000 to 2,500,000 g / mol, preferably in the range of 5,000 to 2,250,000 g / mol, more preferably in the range of 7,500 to 2,000,000 g / mol, and more preferably in the range of 8,000 to 1,800,000 g / mol. Polyvinylpyrrolidone that may be suitably used as an additive can be purchased from commercial suppliers, such as BASF, Sigma-Aldrich, or Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. An example of a commercially available polyvinylpyrrolidone is Luvitec K17 (M W = 9,000 g / mol), Luvitec K30 (M W = 50,000 g / mol), Luvitec K90 (M W =1,400,000 g / mol) and PVP K30. In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises a non-ionic polymer as a further additive in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.-% (by total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.-%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.-% and / or less than 10 wt.-%, preferably less than 5 wt.-%, preferably less than 3 wt.-%.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition described herein further comprises an amine, wherein the amine does not comprise an N-hydroxylamine (N—OH) functional group. The amine is preferably selected from molecules consisting of the atoms C, N, H and optionally O, containing 1 to 10 C atoms, containing one or more amine functional groups, and optionally containing one or more hydroxyl or ether functional groups, wherein the amine does not comprise an N-hydroxylamine (N—OH) functional group, and preferably the amine does not contain any other functional groups other than one or more amine functional groups and optionally one or more hydroxyl or ether functional groups. In a preferred embodiment, the amine is selected from the group consisting of methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, tributylamine, triethylamine, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, monoethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, ethoxylated caprylamine, diisopropylamine, 2-dibutylaminoethanol, 2-dipropylaminoethanol, triethanolamine, tri(isopropanol)amine, ethylenediamine, piperazine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperazine, Diisopropyl-methylamine, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, quinuclidine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, benzylamine, cyclohexamine, hexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, isobutanolamine, dihydroxyethylamine, 3-methoxypropylamine, p,p-dioctylphenylamine, monooctyldiphenylamine, phenyl-1-naphthylamine, phenyl-2-naphthylamine, alkylphenyl-1-naphthalamine, alkyl-phenyl-2-naphthalamine, alkoxylated C1-C 22The amine is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl amines (especially ethoxylated caprylamine, e.g., 2-EO-caprylamine) and combinations thereof. In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises an amine as a further additive in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.-% (by total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.-%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.-% and / or less than 10 wt.-%, preferably less than 5 wt.-%, preferably less than 3 wt.-%.

[0076] In an embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein further comprise an aromatic alcohol selected from phenol, pyrogallol, gallic acid, gallic acid esters, and combinations thereof. The phenol is preferably selected from phenols optionally bearing 0, 1, 2, or 3 substituents independently selected from amino, C1-C6 alkyl. Suitable and preferred examples of phenols include 2-aminophenol, 4-aminophenol, 2-amino-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylmethylphenol, 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol), and 4-amino-3-methylphenol. Suitable and preferred examples of gallic acid esters include C1-C6 alkyl esters of gallic acid. 12 In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises as further additive an aromatic alcohol in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.-% (by total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.-%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.-% and / or less than 10 wt.-%, preferably less than 5 wt.-%, preferably less than 3 wt.-%.

[0077] In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition described herein further comprises a dioxoaromatic compound selected from benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, hydroquinone, and catechol. The dioxoaromatic compound is preferably selected from 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,2-benzoquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene, and 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, optionally bearing 0, 1, or 2 substituents independently selected from amino, C1-C6 alkyl, and sulfonic acid. In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises, as a further additive, a dioxoaromatic compound in an amount greater than 0.001 wt. % (by total weight of the composition), preferably greater than 0.005 wt. %, preferably greater than 0.01 wt. % and / or less than 10 wt. %, preferably less than 5 wt. %, preferably less than 3 wt. %.

[0078] In embodiments of the invention, the compositions described herein further comprise a second antioxidant selected from thiols, thioethers, and thioesters, such as those selected from methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, n-propyl mercaptan, 2-propenethiol, butanethiol, tert-butyl mercaptan, thiophenol, thioacetic acid, dimercaptosuccinic acid, glutathione, cysteine, methylthionobenzoate, dimethyl sulfide, methyl phenyl sulfide, 4-ethylthio-2-methylpent-2-ene, dimethyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide, diphenyl sulfide, phenyl 4-piperidyl sulfide, and thiodiglycol.

[0079] In an embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein further comprise a non-ionic surfactant. The non-ionic surfactant is preferably Fatty acid esters, for example, sorbitan fatty acid esters; · Polyalkylene glycols; Polyalkylene glycol esters; · Copolymers and block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide; Polyoxyalkylene derivatives of sorbitan fatty acid esters; and Alkoxylated alcohol ethers is selected from the group consisting of:

[0080] In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises, as a further additive, a non-ionic surfactant in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.-% (by total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.-%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.-% and / or less than 10 wt.-%, preferably less than 5 wt.-%, preferably less than 3 wt.-%.

[0081] Further additives As will be understood by those skilled in the art, based on the teachings presented herein, compositions according to the present invention may contain one or more additional additives other than the enhancing additives described above, as is conventional in the art. It is within the ordinary skill of those skilled in the art to determine the extent to which a particular additive can be added so that the electrical conductivity of the resulting composition is in accordance with the present invention. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, non-ionic additional additives are preferred. The coolant composition comprises a defined amount of a base fluid, a compound according to formula (I), a first corrosion inhibitor, and an optional enhancing additive selected from a non-ionic polymer, an amine, a phenol, a dioxoaromatic compound, and a non-ionic surfactant, as previously described herein. Thus, the one or more additional additives are different from the base fluid, the compound according to formula (I), the first corrosion inhibitor, and the optional enhancing additive selected from a non-ionic polymer, an amine, a phenol, a dioxoaromatic compound, and a non-ionic surfactant, as previously described herein.

[0082] Examples of these additional additives include, but are not limited to, surfactants (e.g., dispersants, detergents), chelating agents, dyes, biocides, liquid dielectrics, antioxidants, anti-wear agents, pH adjusters, wetting agents, bittering agents, and anti-foaming agents. In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention further comprises one or more additional additives in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 10% by weight (by total weight of the composition), preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight.

[0083] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, based on the teachings provided herein, compositions according to the present invention may contain one or more additives as is conventional in the art, and it is within the routine capabilities of those skilled in the art to determine to what extent a particular additive can be added so that the electrical conductivity of the resulting composition is in accordance with the present invention.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention further comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, silicon oils, mineral oils, silicates, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic tricarboxylic acids, molybdates, nitrates, nitrites, phosphonates, and phosphates. In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention further comprises one or more of said additives in an amount ranging from 0.001 to 10% by weight (based on the total weight of the composition), preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight.

[0085] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an antifoaming agent. Preferably, the antifoaming agent is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, silicon polymers (e.g., 3D silicon polymers), or silicon oils. In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an antifoaming agent in an amount greater than 0.001 wt.% (by total weight of the composition), preferably greater than 0.005 wt.%, preferably greater than 0.01 wt.%, and / or less than 10 wt.%, preferably less than 5 wt.%, preferably less than 3 wt.%.

[0086] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an antioxidant. Preferably, the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of aromatic amines such as p,p-dioctylphenylamine, monooctyldiphenylamine, phenothiazine, 3,7-dioctylphenothiazine, phenyl-1-naphthylamine, phenyl-2-naphthylamine, alkylphenyl-1-naphthalamine, and alkyl-phenyl-2-naphthalamine, and sulfur-containing compounds such as dithiophosphates, phosphites, sulfides, and dithiometallates such as benzothiazole, tin-dialkyldithiophosphate, and zinc diaryldithiophosphate. In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an antioxidant in an amount greater than 0.001 wt. % (by total weight of the composition), preferably greater than 0.005 wt. %, preferably greater than 0.01 wt. %, and / or less than 10 wt. %, preferably less than 5 wt. %, preferably less than 3 wt. %.

[0087] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the composition as defined herein is provided, wherein the composition further comprises a liquid dielectric.Preferred liquid dielectrics are mineral oil, silicon oil, and mixtures thereof.In certain embodiments of the present invention, the composition provided herein comprises more than 0.0001 wt% (by total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.001 wt%, preferably more than 0.01 wt%, and / or less than 10 wt%, preferably less than 5 wt%, preferably less than 3 wt% of the liquid dielectric.

[0088] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an anionic surfactant, for example an anionic surfactant that is a salt of a compound represented by RX; wherein X represents a sulfate group, a phosphate group, a sulfonate group, or a carboxylate group, preferably a sulfate group; and R represents - Branched or linear C5-C 24 alkyl groups; -Branched or straight chain monounsaturated C5-C 24 alkenyl groups; - Branched or linear polyunsaturated C5-C 24 alkenyl groups; -C8~C 15 alkylbenzene groups containing alkyl; -C8~C 15 alkenylbenzene groups, including alkenyl; -C3~C 15 alkylnaphthalene groups containing alkyl; -C3~C 15 alkenyl-containing alkenylnaphthalene groups; -C8~C 15 alkylphenol groups containing alkyl; and -C8~C 15 Alkenyl-containing alkenylphenol groups is selected from.

[0089] In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises said anionic surfactant in an amount of more than 0.001 wt.-% (by total weight of the composition), preferably more than 0.005 wt.-%, preferably more than 0.01 wt.-% and / or less than 10 wt.-%, preferably less than 5 wt.-%, preferably less than 3 wt.-%.

[0090] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of aromatic carboxylates, aliphatic monocarboxylates, aliphatic dicarboxylates, aliphatic tricarboxylates, molybdates, and phosphates. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, the carboxylates referred to herein are typically provided in the form of their free acids which are neutralized in situ.

[0091] In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises an aliphatic monocarboxylate, preferably C4-C6, in an amount greater than 50 ppm (by weight), preferably greater than 100 ppm, preferably greater than 500 ppm and / or less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm.12 The amount of carboxylate referred to herein is calculated based on the weight of the carboxylate anion, excluding the weight of the cation.

[0092] In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises an aliphatic dicarboxylate, preferably a C6-C carboxylate, in an amount greater than 50 ppm (by weight), preferably greater than 100 ppm, preferably greater than 500 ppm and / or less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm. 16 The amount of carboxylate referred to herein is calculated based on the weight of the carboxylate anion, excluding the weight of the cation.

[0093] In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition comprises an aliphatic tricarboxylate, preferably a C7-C hydroxybenzoate, in an amount greater than 50 ppm (by weight), preferably greater than 100 ppm, preferably greater than 500 ppm and / or less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm. 18 The amount of carboxylate referred to herein is calculated based on the weight of the carboxylate anion, excluding the weight of the cation.

[0094] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises an aromatic carboxylate, preferably selected from the group consisting of benzoate, benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate, benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, and combinations thereof, in an amount greater than 50 ppm (by weight), preferably greater than 100 ppm, preferably greater than 500 ppm and / or less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm, preferably less than 1000 ppm. The amount of carboxylate referred to herein is calculated based on the weight of the carboxylate anion excluding the weight of the cation.

[0095] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor that is molybdate, preferably inorganic molybdate, in an amount of more than 1 ppm (by weight), preferably more than 10 ppm, preferably more than 100 ppm, and / or less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm. When molybdate is used in the form of a salt, the amount of molybdate as used in this document refers to the amount of molybdate anion (i.e., excluding the weight of cationic counterion).

[0096] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor which is a phosphate, preferably an inorganic phosphate, in an amount greater than 10 ppm (by weight) of phosphate, preferably greater than 250 ppm, preferably greater than 1000 ppm of phosphate and / or less than 10000 ppm, preferably less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm. When phosphate is used in the form of a salt, the amount of phosphate as used herein refers to the amount of phosphate anion (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0097] In an embodiment of the present invention there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises a corrosion inhibitor which is a silicate in an amount greater than 1 ppm Si (by weight), preferably greater than 10 ppm Si, most preferably greater than 100 ppm Si and / or less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm. The silicate corrosion inhibitor is preferably selected from the group consisting of inorganic silicates (e.g. sodium metasilicate), organic silicates (e.g. Si(R 1 ) n (OR 2 ) 4-n , where R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl, and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3) or silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (e.g., silica nanoparticles having a median particle size by volume (Dv50) in the range of 10 to 200 nm).

[0098] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises nitrate, preferably inorganic nitrate, in an amount greater than 1 ppm (by total weight of the composition) of nitrate, preferably greater than 10 ppm, preferably greater than 100 ppm of nitrate and / or less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm. When nitrate is used in the form of a salt, the amount of nitrate as used herein refers to the amount of nitrate anion (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0099] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises nitrite, preferably inorganic nitrite, in an amount greater than 1 ppm (by total weight of the composition), preferably greater than 10 ppm, preferably greater than 100 ppm, and / or less than 10,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, preferably less than 500 ppm. When nitrite is used in the form of a salt, the amount of nitrite as used herein refers to the amount of nitrite anions (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0100] In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composition as defined herein, wherein the composition further comprises more than 10 ppm (by total weight of the composition) of phosphonate, preferably more than 250 ppm, preferably more than 1000 ppm of phosphonate and / or less than 10000 ppm, preferably less than 5000 ppm, preferably less than 2500 ppm of phosphonate, preferably inorganic phosphonate. When the phosphonate is used in the form of a salt, the amount of phosphonate as used herein refers to the amount of phosphonate anion (i.e., excluding the weight of the cationic counterion).

[0101] Electrical conductivity In an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a coolant composition as described herein having an electrical conductivity as described elsewhere herein as measured in accordance with ASTM D1125(2014) by a Radiometer Copenhagen CDM210 electrical conductivity meter using a Radiometer Copenhagen CDC745-conductivity cell and a Radiometer Copenhagen temperature sensor T201.

[0102] In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a composition as described herein having an electrical conductivity at 25° C. after 14 days aging at 60° C. of less than 50 μS / cm, preferably less than 25 μS / cm. In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a composition as described herein having an electrical conductivity at 25° C. of less than 50 μS / cm, preferably less than 25 μS / cm, after being subjected to a 14 day, 60° C. Glassware Corrosion Test conducted in accordance with ASTM D1384(2019), applying the ASTM D1384(2019) protocol using deionized water instead of the corrosive water specified in the standard, and applying a 50% by volume dilution instead of the 33% by volume specified in the standard.

[0103]

[0014] In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a coolant composition as described herein comprising an alcohol as described herein, wherein after 14 days of aging at 60°C, the concentration of glycolate and / or the concentration of formate is less than 30 ppm (w / w based on the total weight of the composition), preferably less than 10 ppm, wherein the concentration of glycolate and the concentration of formate are determined by ion chromatography. In an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a coolant composition as described herein comprising an alcohol as described herein, wherein the concentration of glycolate and / or the concentration of formate are less than 30 ppm (w / w based on the total weight of the composition), preferably less than 10 ppm, after being subjected to a 14-day, 60°C, Glassware Corrosion Test conducted in accordance with ASTM D1384(2019), wherein the ASTM D1384(2019) protocol is applied using deionized water instead of the corrosive water specified in the standard, and a 50% by volume dilution instead of the 33% by volume specified in the standard, and wherein the concentration of glycolate and the concentration of formate are determined by ion chromatography.

[0104] Corrosion Inhibition As described throughout this document, compositions according to the present invention exhibit low electrical conductivity yet provide excellent iron corrosion protection, with both properties being maintained even with aging at high temperatures. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention provide a composition as described herein, wherein a cast iron UNS F10007 coupon immersed in the composition exhibits a weight loss of less than 20 mg, preferably less than 10 mg, preferably less than 2 mg, after being subjected to a 14-day, 60°C, glassware corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM D1384(2019), applying the ASTM D1384(2019) protocol using deionized water instead of the corrosive water specified in the standard, and applying a 50% by volume dilution instead of the 33% by volume specified in the standard.

[0105] Ready-to-use compositions In a highly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein are provided in the form of a ready-to-use composition, wherein the concentration of the compound according to formula (I) is in the range of 0.01 to 1% by weight (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.2% by weight; wherein the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 0.01 to 1% by weight (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably in the range of 0.025 to 0.5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.15% by weight; wherein the ready-to-use composition comprises more than 90% by weight (by total weight of the ready-to-use composition) of base fluid, preferably more than 95% by weight, preferably more than 98% by weight, preferably more than 98.5% by weight.

[0106] In highly preferred embodiments, the ready-to-use compositions as described herein are heat transfer fluids, preferably heat transfer fluids suitable for use in solar systems, fuel cells, electric motors, generators, batteries, battery electric vehicles, power electronics or electronic equipment, most preferably heat transfer fluids suitable for use in fuel cells or power electronics.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a ready-to-use composition as described herein, wherein the base fluid consists of water and an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6 hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably an alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or mixtures thereof; wherein the amount of alcohol preferably ranges from 10 to 80% by weight (by total weight of the composition), preferably from 30 to 70% by weight. In a particular embodiment, the amount of alcohol ranges from 10 to 55% by weight (by total weight of the composition).

[0108] In all embodiments of the ready-to-use composition, it is preferred that the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is less than 1000 ppm w / w (by total weight of the composition).

[0109] concentrate In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compositions described herein are provided in the form of concentrates, which are suitable as starting materials for preparing the ready-to-use compositions described herein.

[0110] In preferred embodiments, the concentrate is suitable for preparing a ready-to-use composition described herein exclusively by the addition of water and / or alcohol; preferably exclusively by the addition of water, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and / or glycerol; most preferably, by the addition of water. In highly preferred embodiments, the concentrate is suitable for preparing a ready-to-use composition described herein exclusively by the addition of water (i.e., no other ingredients need to be added to prepare the ready-to-use composition described herein from the concentrate).

[0111] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid composition as described herein is provided in the form of a concentrate, wherein the base fluid consists of water or a mixture of water and an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or mixtures thereof; wherein the concentration of the compound according to formula (I) is in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15% by weight; wherein the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15% by weight; wherein the concentrate composition comprises at least 40 wt. % (by total weight of the concentrate composition) of base fluid and less than 98 wt. % (by total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably less than 95 wt. %, preferably less than 90 wt. %, preferably less than 85 wt. %, preferably less than 80 wt. % of base fluid.

[0112] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid composition as described herein is provided in the form of a concentrate, wherein the base fluid is an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6 hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably an alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or mixtures thereof; wherein the concentration of the compound according to formula (I) is in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably in the range of 10 to 25% by weight; wherein the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably in the range of 10 to 25% by weight; wherein the concentrate composition comprises at least 40 wt.% (by total weight of the concentrate composition) of base fluid and less than 98 wt.% (by total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably less than 95 wt.%, preferably less than 90 wt.%, preferably less than 85 wt.%, preferably less than 80 wt.% of base fluid.

[0113] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid composition as described herein is provided in the form of a concentrate, wherein the base fluid consists of water or a mixture of water and an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or mixtures thereof; wherein the concentration of the compound according to formula (I) is in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably in the range of 3 to 15% by weight, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10% by weight; wherein the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably in the range of 3 to 15% by weight, more preferably in the range of 3 to 10% by weight; wherein the composition further comprises a non-ionic polymer as described herein above in an amount of 1 to 25% by weight (by total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably 3 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight; wherein the concentrate composition comprises at least 40 wt. % (by total weight of the concentrate composition) of base fluid and less than 98 wt. % (by total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably less than 95 wt. %, preferably less than 90 wt. %, preferably less than 85 wt. %, preferably less than 80 wt. % of base fluid.

[0114] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat transfer fluid composition as described herein is provided in the form of a concentrate, wherein the base fluid is an alcohol, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6 hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, and glycerol, preferably an alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or mixtures thereof; wherein the concentration of the compound according to formula (I) is in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20% by weight; wherein the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably in the range of 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5 to 20% by weight; wherein the composition further comprises a non-ionic polymer as described herein above in an amount of 1 to 25% by weight (by total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably 3 to 20% by weight, more preferably 5 to 15% by weight; wherein the concentrate composition comprises at least 40 wt.% (by total weight of the concentrate composition) of base fluid and less than 98 wt.% (by total weight of the concentrate composition), preferably less than 95 wt.%, preferably less than 90 wt.%, preferably less than 85 wt.%, preferably less than 80 wt.% of base fluid.

[0115] Preparation method In another embodiment of the present invention, (i) providing a base fluid as described herein; (ii) providing a compound according to formula (I) as described herein; (iii) providing a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof, as described herein; (iv) optionally providing one or more enhancement additives or further additives as described herein; (v) combining the base fluid of step (i), the compound of formula (I) of step (ii) and the first corrosion inhibitor of step (iii) with, optionally, the further additive of step (iv) such that the weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound according to formula (I) is between 1:20 and 20:1; The present invention provides a method for preparing a composition as defined herein, comprising:

[0116] According to the present invention, the order of addition of the compounds is not particularly limited.

[0117] In another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of: (i) providing a concentrate as defined herein; (ii) providing water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof; (iii) optionally providing one or more enhancing additives or further additives as described herein; (iv) combining the concentrate of step (i) with water, alcohol or a mixture thereof of step (ii) and optional further additives of step (iii) to obtain a ready-to-use composition. The present invention provides a method for preparing a ready-to-use composition as defined herein, comprising:

[0118] The alcohol in step (ii) is as described hereinbefore. In a highly preferred embodiment, the alcohol in step 2 is selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and combinations thereof.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment, step (ii) comprises providing more than 50% by weight (by weight of the concentrate) of water, alcohol or mixtures thereof, preferably more than 100%, more than 150%, more than 200% or more than 500% by weight of water, alcohol or mixtures thereof.

[0120] Parts kit In another embodiment of the present invention, (i) a first container containing a first solution of a compound of formula (I) as described herein in water, an alcohol (as described herein) or a mixture thereof, preferably in water, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or a mixture thereof, more preferably in water, monoethylene glycol, or a mixture thereof, and most preferably in water; and (ii) a second container containing a second solution of the first corrosion inhibitor as described herein in water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof, preferably in water, monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, or a mixture thereof, more preferably in water, monoethylene glycol, or a mixture thereof, and most preferably in monoethylene glycol. a kit for preparing a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as defined herein, comprising: wherein the concentration of the compound of formula (I) in the first container is preferably in the range of 1.01 to 25% by weight (based on the total weight of the first solution), preferably in the range of 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15% by weight; The concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor in the second container is preferably in the range of 1.01 to 25 wt % (based on the total weight of the second solution), preferably in the range of 5 to 20 wt %, more preferably in the range of 5 to 15 wt %.

[0121] In an embodiment, the kit further comprises instructions for combining the first container and the second container and water, alcohol (as described herein), or a mixture thereof, to obtain a composition that exhibits improved corrosion inhibition in accordance with the present invention.

[0122] In another aspect of the present invention, a method for producing a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprising the steps of: (i) providing a kit as defined herein comprising a first container as defined herein and a second container as defined herein; (ii) providing water, alcohol (as described herein), or a mixture thereof; (iii) optionally providing an enhancing additive or further additive as defined herein; (iv) combining the first container of the kit provided in step (i) with the second container of the kit provided in step (i), the water, alcohol or mixture thereof of step (ii), and the optional further additives of step (iii) to obtain a ready-to-use composition; The present invention provides a method for preparing a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as defined herein, comprising:

[0123] In an embodiment of the present invention, (i) providing a kit as defined herein comprising a first container as defined herein and a second container as defined herein; (ii) providing water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof; (iii) combining the first container of the kit provided in step (i) with the second container of the kit provided in step (i) and the water, alcohol or mixture thereof of step (ii) to obtain a ready-to-use composition. The present invention provides a method for preparing a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as defined herein, comprising:

[0124] In a highly preferred embodiment, the alcohol in step (ii) is selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and combinations thereof.

[0125] According to the present invention, the order of addition of the components is not particularly limited.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment, step (ii) comprises providing more than 50% by weight (by combined weight of the first and second solutions) of water, alcohol or mixtures thereof, preferably more than 100%, more than 150%, more than 200% or more than 500% by weight of water, alcohol or mixtures thereof.

[0127] Use of compositions as heat transfer fluids and methods In another aspect of the present invention there is provided the use of a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as provided herein, as a heat transfer fluid, preferably as a heat transfer fluid in a combustion engine, a solar system, a fuel cell, an electric motor, a generator, a battery, a battery electric vehicle, or an electronic device, most preferably as a heat transfer fluid in a combustion engine.

[0128] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of inhibiting corrosion comprising contacting a metal surface with a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition provided herein, hi preferred embodiments, the metal surface comprises aluminum, brass, steel, iron, or copper and alloys thereof, particularly iron or alloys thereof.

[0129] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion engine, solar system, fuel cell, electric motor, generator, or electronic device comprising a composition, preferably a ready-to-use composition as described herein.

[0130] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided the use of a compound according to formula (I) as described herein as a ferrous metal or cast iron corrosion inhibitor, preferably as a ferrous metal or cast iron corrosion inhibitor in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25° C., more preferably as a ferrous metal or cast iron corrosion inhibitor in a heat transfer fluid having an electrical conductivity of less than 100 μS / cm at 25° C. and comprising a first corrosion inhibitor as described herein.

[0131] In another embodiment of the present invention, a. generating heat in an electrical system, preferably selected from the group consisting of a solar system, a fuel cell, an electric motor, a generator, a battery, a telephone transmission station, power electronics, a radio and television broadcast station, a relay station, an electrical heating or cooling device, preferably a fuel cell, a battery, or power electronics; b. contacting the system of step a with a composition as described herein, preferably a ready-to-use composition as described herein; c. transferring heat from the system to the composition; d. passing the composition through a heat exchanger; e. transferring heat away from the composition; A method for exchanging heat is provided, comprising: [Example]

[0132] Electrical conductivity was measured according to ASTM D1125 (2014) with a Radiometer Copenhagen CDM210 conductivity meter using a Radiometer Copenhagen CDC745-9 conductivity cell and a Radiometer Copenhagen temperature sensor T201.

[0133] Glycolate and formate concentrations in the aged compositions were determined by ion chromatography.

[0134] Example 1: Oven Test The cast iron coupons were polished using sandpaper, rinsed with ultrapure water (UPW) and acetone, dried at 100°C for 1 hour, and weighed (Coupon Fresh). The coupons were added to a bottle, and 100 mL of the composition listed in Table 1 was added to the bottle. Subsequently, the bottle was placed in an oven at the desired temperature. After 14 days, the bottles were removed from the oven, and the electrical conductivity and pH of the aged compositions were measured. All coupons were gently cleaned with water and a soft bristle brush, dried, and weighed. Finally, all coupons were chemically cleaned by treatment with abrasive powder. The coupons were further cleaned with water and a soft bristle brush (Coupon CC), dried at 100°C for 1 hour, and weighed. The weight change of the cast iron UNS F10007 coupons due to aging was determined using the following formula: △m (mg) = mass of coupon fresh (mg) - mass of coupon CC (mg)

[0135] The compositions tested are outlined in Table 1. All values ​​are in weight percent.

[0136] [Table 1]

[0137] Table 2 illustrates the corrosion inhibition and conductivity results upon aging of the compositions of Table 1 according to the procedure outlined above at a temperature of 60° C. Example 2 was tested at 40° C.

[0138] Without being bound by theory, the inventors believe that both a compound according to Formula (I) and a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof are required to simultaneously prevent corrosion in ferrous materials while maintaining low electrical conductivity. As can be seen from Examples 1 and 2, when both compounds are present, the pH, electrical conductivity, and corrosion in ferrous materials remain stable. However, in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, where no first corrosion inhibitor is present, there is a large increase in pH and electrical conductivity. In Comparative Example 5, where only a first corrosion inhibitor is present but no compound according to Formula (I) is present, corrosion in ferrous metals is not prevented. Comparative Example 6 illustrates that the effects observed in the compositions of the present invention cannot be reproduced with another oxygen scavenger, such as sodium sulfite.

[0139] [Table 2]

[0140] Table 3 illustrates the performance of the composition of Example 1 when aged according to the procedure outlined above at various temperatures.

[0141] As can be observed from Table 3, the synergistic effect of heat transfer fluids containing compounds according to formula (I) and corrosion inhibitors can be observed over a wide temperature range.

[0142] [Table 3]

[0143] Example 2: Oven Test The compositions in Table 4 (all values ​​in wt %) were tested according to the procedure of Example 1. The results (60°C data) are shown in Table 5.

[0144] [Table 4]

[0145] [Table 5]

[0146] Example 3: Glassware corrosion test Glassware corrosion testing was performed according to an adapted ASTM D1384(2019) test procedure. The first adaptation was the use of a second aluminum coupon in the coupon set. The coupon set used consisted of copper UNS C11000-brass spacer-brass UNSC26000-Teflon spacer-steel UNS G10200-steel spacer-cast iron UNS F10007-steel spacer-aluminum Al319.1-steel spacer-aluminum AlSi10Mg(a)(T6). The application temperature was 60°C. The second adaptation was the use of the compositions listed in Table 6, meaning that they were applied without dilution with corrosive water as specified in the standard. After 14 days, the bottles were removed from the oven, and the electrical conductivity and pH of the aged compositions were measured. Coupon cleaning procedures and weight changes were obtained according to the method described in ASTM D1384(2019). The compositions tested are shown in Table 6. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0147] [Table 6]

[0148] [Table 7]

[0149] Example 4: Concentrate Formulation Concentrate formulations were investigated by dissolving high concentrations of a compound according to formula (I), a primary corrosion inhibitor, and an optional non-ionic polymer in different base fluids. Tests were conducted using diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA), tolyltriazole, and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

[0150] Concentrations of up to 25% by weight of the compound according to formula (I) and the first corrosion inhibitor have been found to be viable. When a nonionic polymer is also present, concentrations of each component up to 20% by weight are viable. When water is used as the base fluid, solubility is primarily limited by the solubility of tolyltriazole and may be less than 20% by weight, depending on the concentrations of the other components.

Claims

1. a base fluid, a first corrosion inhibitor, and an oxime according to formula (Ib) 【Chemistry 1】 (In the formula, R １ is C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R ２ is hydrogen, C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R １ and R ２ is linked to the oxime carbon of formula (Ib) ２ ~C ６ together form an alkanediyl, forming a 3- to 7-membered ring; A composition comprising: the base fluid comprises water, or alcohol, or a mixture thereof; the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles, and combinations thereof; the weight ratio of the first corrosion inhibitor to the compound according to formula (I) is 1:20 to 20:1; A composition having an electrical conductivity of less than 200 μS / cm at 25°C.

2. R １ and R ２ are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and phenyl, and more preferably, R １ and R ２ are each independently selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl, and more preferably, R １ is methyl, and R ２ The composition of claim 1 wherein is ethyl.

3. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the first corrosion inhibitor is selected from 1,2,4-triazole, 4H-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole, 1H-1,2,3-triazole, benzotriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, tolyltriazole, 2-[2-hydroxyethyl-[(4-methylbenzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]amino]ethanol, 2-[2-hydroxyethyl-[(benzotriazolyl)methyl]amino]ethanol, and combinations thereof, more preferably selected from benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and combinations thereof.

4. Nonionic polymers, preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyalkylene oxide, C of polyalkylene oxide １ ~C １８ Alkyl or alkenyl ether, polyalkylene oxide C １ ~C １８ Alkyl or alkenyl esters, polysiloxanes, alkoxylated C １ ~C １８ 4. The composition of claim 1, further comprising a non-ionic polymer selected from the group consisting of alkyl or alkenyl amines, polyvinyl acetate, copolymers thereof, and combinations thereof, preferably selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone.

5. 146. The composition of any one of claims 145, having an electrical conductivity of less than 75 μΞ / cm, preferably less than 50 μΞ / cm, more preferably less than 25 μΞ / cm at 25°C.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, hexaethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, pentapropylene glycol, hexapropylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl, ethoxylated furfuryl, dimethyl ether of glycerol, sorbitol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, methoxyethanol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.

7. 7. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the base fluid consists of 30 to 70% by weight (by weight of the base fluid) water and 30 to 70% by weight (by weight of the base fluid) of the alcohol.

8. amines, wherein said amines do not comprise an N-hydroxylamine (N—OH) functional group, preferably chosen from molecules consisting of the atoms C, N, H and optionally O, containing 1 to 10 C atoms, containing one or more amine functional groups, and optionally containing one or more hydroxyl or ether functional groups, said amines do not comprise an N-hydroxylamine (N—OH) functional group, preferably said amines are free of other functional groups than said one or more amine functional groups and optionally one or more hydroxyl or ether functional groups; Aromatic alcohols selected from phenol, pyrogallol, gallic acid, gallic acid esters, and combinations thereof dioxoaromatic compounds selected from benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, hydroquinone and catechol; a second antioxidant selected from thiols, thioethers, and thioesters; and / or ・Nonionic surfactants The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising one or more further additives selected from:

9. provided in the form of a ready-to-use composition, wherein the concentration of the compound according to formula (Ib) is in the range of 0.01 to 1% by weight (based on the total weight of said ready-to-use composition), preferably in the range of 0.05 to 0.5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.2% by weight; wherein the concentration of the first corrosion inhibitor is in the range of 0.01 to 1% by weight (based on the total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably in the range of 0.025 to 0.5% by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.06 to 0.15% by weight; wherein the ready-to-use composition comprises more than 90% by weight (by total weight of the ready-to-use composition), preferably more than 95% by weight, preferably more than 98% by weight, preferably more than 98.5% by weight of said base fluid; The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the pH of the composition is in the range of 5 to 9, preferably in the range of 6 to 8.5, more preferably in the range of 6 to 8.

11. 11. The composition of claim 9 or 10, wherein the base fluid consists of 30 to 70% by weight (by total weight of the base fluid) water and 30 to 70% by weight (by total weight of the base fluid) alcohol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, and mixtures thereof.

12. 12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, provided in the form of a concentrate suitable for preparing a ready-to-use composition according to any one of claims 9 to 11, by adding exclusively water and / or alcohol; preferably exclusively water, monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol and / or glycerol; most preferably exclusively water.

13. 1. A method for exchanging heat, comprising: a) generating heat in an electrical system, preferably selected from the group consisting of a solar system, a fuel cell, an electric motor, a generator, a battery, a telephone transmission station, power electronics, a radio and television broadcast station, a relay station, an electrical heating or cooling device, preferably a fuel cell, a battery, or power electronics; b. Contacting the system of step a with a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, preferably a ready-to-use composition according to any one of claims 9 to 11; c. transferring heat from the system to the composition; d. passing the composition through a heat exchanger; e. transferring heat from said composition; A method comprising:

14. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, preferably a ready-to-use composition according to any one of claims 9 to 11, as a heat transfer fluid.

15. Oximes according to formula (Ib) as ferrous metal or cast iron corrosion inhibitors, preferably in heat transfer fluids having an electrical conductivity of less than 100 μS / cm at 25° C., more preferably in heat transfer fluids having an electrical conductivity of less than 100 μS / cm at 25° C. and comprising a first corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of triazoles, thiazoles, triazines, diazoles and combinations thereof. 【Chemistry 2】 (In the formula, R １ is C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; R ２ is hydrogen, C １ ~C ６ Alkyl, C ３ ~C ６ selected from cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, or tolyl; or R １ and R ２ is linked to the oxime carbon of formula (Ib) ２ ~C ６ together form an alkanediyl, forming a 3- to 7-membered ring.

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