Construction materials based on binders containing steel slag

Abstract

The present invention relates to a construction material based on a binder comprising steel slag, in particular basic oxygen slag, at least one accelerator for reacting the steel slag with water, at least one co-binder, aggregates and / or fillers, and admixtures. The invention also relates to the use of the construction material as a tile adhesive, grouting mortar, repair mortar, masonry mortar, waterproofing mortar, anchoring mortar, render, screed, self-leveling underlayment or toplay, thin joint mortar, or wall leveling compound.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a construction material based on a binder comprising steel slag, in particular basic oxygen slag. [Background technology]

[0002] Cement-based building materials, particularly concrete or mortar, rely on cementitious materials as binders. Cementitious binders are typically mineral, hydraulic binders, the most commonly used of which is cement, particularly ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, the use of cement, particularly ordinary Portland cement, has a high environmental footprint. One major reason for this is the high CO2 emissions associated with its production. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to at least partially replace cement as a binder in building materials.

[0003] One possibility is the use of materials with cementitious properties, pozzolans and / or latent hydraulic materials as cement substitutes. A particularly attractive material of this type is slag, since it is available in large quantities as a by-product of various metallurgical processes, in particular ironmaking and steelmaking.

[0004] One specific type of steelmaking slag is converter slag, also known as basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag or basic oxygen slag (BOS). BOF slag is produced in the steelmaking process when raw iron is oxidized with oxygen in a converter to reduce the carbon content of the raw iron.

[0005] It is well known in the art that slags, particularly BOF slags, must be activated in order for them to function as hydraulic binders.

[0006] WO 2022 / 238376 (Sika Technology AG) teaches various accelerators suitable for activating steelmaking slag, especially BOF slag, by reacting it with water. WO 2022 / 238376 also teaches various construction materials based on binders that contain or consist of steelmaking slag.

[0007] However, what is lacking in the prior art is a detailed method for formulating construction materials based on binders that include or consist of steel slag. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a construction material based on a binder comprising steel slag, in particular basic oxygen furnace slag. In particular, the construction material should meet at least one requirement of at least one industry standard for construction materials. Industry standards include, among others: EN 12004-1 (for cementitious tile adhesives), EN 13888 (for tile grout materials), EN 13813 (for self-leveling underlays or toplays), EN 998-1 (for renders), EN 1504-3 (for repair mortars), EN 998-2 and / or EN 206-1 (for masonry mortars or concrete), EN 13813 (for screeds), EN 1504-6 (for non-shrink grouts), EN 998-2 (for thin joint mortars), EN 1504-2 (for waterproofing mortars, also known as surface protection systems for concrete), EN 1504-6 (for anchoring mortars), EN 998-1 (for wall leveling compounds for indoor or outdoor use), EAD ETICS040083000404 (for exterior thermal insulation composite systems).

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a construction material based on a binder comprising steel slag, in particular basic oxygen furnace slag, which can be used as a cementitious tile adhesive, for example, such a construction material meeting the requirements of standard EN 12004-1.

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a construction material based on a binder comprising steel slag, in particular basic oxygen furnace slag, which can be used as a grout material, for example, such a construction material meeting the requirements of standards EN 13888 and / or EN 1504-6.

[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide a construction material based on a binder comprising steel slag, in particular basic oxygen furnace slag, which can be used as a repair mortar, for example, such a construction material meeting the requirements of standard EN 1504-3. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] It has surprisingly been found that the object of the present invention can be achieved with a specific combination of slag-based binder, co-binder and admixture. Thus, one or more of the above-mentioned objects can be achieved by the construction material according to claim 1.

[0013] Further aspects of the invention are the subject of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a construction material comprising or consisting of (in each case based on the total dry weight of the construction material): a) 5-60% by weight, preferably 20-50% by weight, of a slag-based binder B, said slag-based binder B consisting of: a1) at least one steelmaking slag S1, preferably basic oxygen furnace slag; a2) at least one accelerator A selected from the group consisting of: alkanolamines, reducing agents, sugars, sugar acids, carboxylic acids or their salts, amino acids or their salts, polyols, sulfamic acid, glyoxal, acetylacetone, pyrocatechol, nitrilotri(methylphosphonic acid), etidronic acid, inorganic salts, or mixtures thereof; a3) optionally a second slag S2 chemically different from S1, preferably granulated blast furnace slag, b) 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 45 to 75% by weight, of at least one aggregate and / or filler, c) 3-30% by weight, preferably 4-20% by weight, of at least one co-binder C, said co-binder C being different from the slag-based binder B and said co-binder C being selected from the group consisting of cement, calcium sulfate, lime, burnt magnesia, caustic magnesia, alumina, latent hydraulic binders, and / or pozzolans, d) optionally 0.01 to 12% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 6% by weight, of an admixture; and e) Optionally, water in an amount to achieve a water:dry components mass ratio of between 0.1 and 0.6.

[0015] Steel slag, in this context, is a by-product of the steelmaking process. In this context, iron slag and, in particular, furnace slag, are also considered steel slag. Steel slag is obtained during the conversion of iron to steel, for example, in the Thomas, Linz-Donawitz, Siemens-Martin, or electric arc furnaces. Steel slag is produced during the treatment of heated raw iron ore with oxygen to remove carbon and other elements that have a higher oxygen affinity than iron. Typically, fluxes and / or elements for immobilizing impurities, such as limestone or dolomite, are added during the process. The fluxes and immobilizing aids combine with the silicates and oxides to form a liquid slag. The liquid slag is then separated from the crude steel and cooled in a pit or flatbed to form crystalline or partially crystalline steel slag. The cooled slag is then crushed, ground, and sieved to the desired fineness. The steelmaking slag of the present invention is preferably a type of slag that has not been subjected to any additional treatment during the heating or cooling process.

[0016] The particle size of steel slag is analyzed by sieve analysis, for example, as described in the standard ASTM C136 / C136M. The process separates fine particulate matter from coarser particulate matter by passing the material through multiple sieves with different mesh sizes. The material to be analyzed is passed through a series of sieves with successively finer mesh sizes, either in a single motion or while vibrating using a horizontal, vertical, or rotary motion. The result is the percentage of particulate matter retained on a sieve of a given size.

[0017] Another measure of the fineness of steel slag is the Blaine surface. The Blaine surface can be measured according to NF EN196-6. In a preferred embodiment, the steel slag has a surface roughness of 1000 to 8000 cm 2 / g, preferably 2000 to 6000 cm 2 / g, more preferably 3000 to 5000 cm 2 / g. This is because the accelerator accelerates the reaction between the steelmaking slag and water, allowing the use of coarser slags. Coarser slags may have the advantage of being more readily available and less expensive than fine slags. However, it is also possible to use steelmaking slags with higher specific surface areas.

[0018] The steelmaking slag may be any slag obtained from steel production, in particular the steelmaking slag is either granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF slag), ladle slag, or electric arc furnace slag.

[0019] Within this context, a highly preferred type of steelmaking slag is basic oxygen furnace slag (BOF). In an embodiment, the steelmaking slag is basic oxygen furnace slag. Another common name for basic oxygen furnace slag is basic oxygen slag (BOS). The chemical composition of BOF slag can be determined by XRF as described in ASTM D5381-93. Typical BOF slag has the following chemical composition: 27-60 wt.% CaO, 8-38 wt.% iron oxide, 7-25 wt.% SiO2, 1-15 wt.% MgO, 1-8 wt.% Al2O3, 0.5-8 wt.% MnO, 0.05-5 wt.% PO5, and less than 1 wt.% of several trace elements, particularly oxides of Ti, Na, K, and Cr. The chemical composition of BOF slag can vary depending on the steelmaking plant and the operating parameters of the basic oxygen furnace. A particularly preferred BOF slag has the following chemical composition: 35-55 wt.% CaO, 10-30 wt.% iron oxide, 10-20 wt.% SiO2, 2-10 wt.% MgO, 1-5 wt.% Al2O3, 0.5-5 wt.% MnO, 0.5-3 wt.% PO5, and less than 1 wt.% of several minor elements, particularly oxides of Ti, Na, K, and Cr.

[0020] Preferred steelmaking slags, in particular basic oxygen furnace slags, have an iron oxide content, expressed as Fe2O3, of 8 to 38% by weight, preferably 10 to 30% by weight, and a sulfur content, expressed as SO3, of less than 1% by weight, preferably less than 0.5% by weight, in particular less than 0.1% by weight, in each case based on the total dry weight of the steelmaking slag.

[0021] It is particularly preferred that the steelmaking slag contains no more than 66% by weight of dicalcium silicate (C2S, belite), based on the total dry weight of the slag.

[0022] When steelmaking slag reacts with water, hydration reactions occur and other mineral phases are formed, which consumes the water and slag, promotes hardening, and develops strength.

[0023] The accelerator for the reaction of steelmaking slag with water is selected from the group consisting of: alkanolamines, reducing agents, sugars, sugar acids, carboxylic acids and their salts, amino acids and their salts, polyols, sulfamic acid, glyoxal, acetylacetone, pyrocatechol, nitrilotri(methylphosphonic acid), etidronic acid, inorganic salts, or mixtures thereof.

[0024] One type of suitable accelerator is an alkanolamine, preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine (TEA), diethanolisopropanolamine (DEIPA), ethanoldiisopropanolamine (EDIPA), isopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, triisopropanolamine (TIPA), N-methyldiisopropanolamine (MDIPA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), tetrahydroxyethylethylenediamine (THEED), and tetrahydroxyisopropylethylenediamine (THIPD), as well as mixtures of two or more of these alkanolamines.

[0025] Preferred alkanolamines are triethanolamine (TEA), triisopropanolamine (TIPA), diethanolisopropanolamine (DEIPA), and ethanoldiisopropanolamine (EDIPA). Particularly preferred alkanolamines are diethanolisopropanolamine (DEIPA), ethanoldiisopropanolamine (EDIPA), and triisopropanolamine (TIPA).

[0026] Another type of suitable promoter is a sugar. A "sugar" in the sense of the present invention is a carbohydrate having an aldehyde group. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the sugar belongs to the group of monosaccharides or disaccharides. Examples of sugars include, but are not limited to, glyceraldehyde, threose, erythrose, xylose, lyxose, ribose, arabinose, allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose, fructose, sorbose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, lactulose, trehalose, cellobiose, chitobiose, isomaltose, palatinose, mannobiose, raffinose, and xylobiose. Sugars can also be used in the form of dextrin, molasses stillage, or molasses. Both the D- and L-forms of sugars are equally preferred. Particularly preferred sugars are: fructose, mannose, maltose, glucose, galactose, dextrin, stillage, and molasses.

[0027] Another type of suitable promoter is a sugar acid or its salt. A "sugar acid," in the context of the present invention, is a monosaccharide having a carboxyl group. It may belong to any of the following types: aldonic acid, ursonic acid, uronic acid, or aldaric acid. Preferably, it is an aldonic acid. Examples of sugar acids useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, neuraminic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, iduronic acid, mucic acid, and sugar acid. The sugar acid may be in the form of a free acid or as a salt. In an embodiment, the salt of the sugar acid may be a salt with a metal from Groups Ia, IIa, Ib, IIb, IVb, or VIIIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements. Preferred salts of sugar acids are salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, iron, cobalt, copper, or zinc. Particularly preferred are salts with sodium, potassium, and calcium. Both the D- and L-forms of the sugar acid are equally preferred. A particularly preferred sugar acid is gluconic acid and its salts, especially sodium gluconate.

[0028] Another type of suitable enhancer is an amino acid or a salt thereof. The amino acid is preferably selected from the group consisting of glycine, lysine, glutamate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, polyaspartic acid, methionine, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), iminodisuccinic acid, methylglycine-N,N-diacetic acid, and N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)glutamic acid, ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hexamethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (HEDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), or a salt thereof. Particularly preferred are alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts. More particularly, the salt is selected from the group consisting of tetrasodium N,N-bis(carboxylatomethyl)glutamate, trisodium methylglycine-N,N-diacetate, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS), trisodium ethylenediaminedisuccinate, tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and tetrasodium hexamethylenediaminetetraacetate.

[0029] Another type of suitable accelerator is a carboxylic acid or its salt. The term "carboxylic acid" refers to any organic molecule having a carboxylic acid or carboxylate group, excluding the sugar acids and amino acids. Particularly preferred carboxylic acids are formic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, and salicylic acid. The carboxylic acid may be in the free acid form or in the salt form. In an embodiment, the salt of the carboxylic acid may be a salt with a metal from Groups Ia, IIa, Ib, IIb, IVb, or VIIIb of the Periodic Table. Preferred salts of sugar acids are salts with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, iron, cobalt, copper, or zinc. Particularly preferred are salts with sodium, potassium, and calcium. Preferred salts of carboxylic acids are calcium malonate, calcium succinate, calcium lactate, potassium citrate, and sodium citrate. Throughout this invention, when polyprotic acids are mentioned, the salts thereof are meant to include mono-, di-, tri-, and higher order salts. For example, the term "sodium citrate" is meant to include monosodium citrate, disodium citrate, and trisodium citrate.

[0030] Another type of suitable promoter is a reducing agent. Within the present context, a reducing agent is a substance that has a reduction potential of less than 0.77 V, measured against a standard reference hydrogen half-cell under standard conditions. That is, a suitable reducing agent is Fe 3+ / Fe 2+ The reducing agent has a lower half-cell potential than the combination of thiosulfates, thiocyanates, and sulfides, preferably sodium thiosulfate or potassium sulfide. Within the present context, the reducing agent does not belong to any of the previously mentioned groups of alkanolamines, sugars, sugar acids, carboxylic acids and their salts, or amino acids and their salts.

[0031] Another type of suitable accelerator is a polyol. Particularly suitable polyols in this context are pentaerythritol, glycerol, and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane.

[0032] Other suitable accelerators are sulfamic acid, glyoxal, acetylacetone, pyrocatechol, nitrilotri(methylphosphonic acid), and etidronic acid.

[0033] Another suitable accelerator is an inorganic salt. In this context, the inorganic salt is a salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal nitrites, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrochlorides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfates, aluminum chloride, and aluminum sulfate. Particularly preferred inorganic salts are sodium sulfate, calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum sulfate, and aluminum chloride.

[0034] In an embodiment, the enhancer is selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine (TEA), triisopropanolamine (TIPA), diethanolisopropanolamine (DEIPA), ethanoldiisopropanolamine (EDIPA), fructose, mannose, maltose, glucose, galactose, dextrin, vinasse, molasses, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, neuraminic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, iduronic acid, mucic acid, sugar acids and their sodium, potassium or calcium salts, formic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, salicylic acid. and their sodium, potassium or calcium salts, glycine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, polyaspartic acid, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTMA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), pentaerythritol, glycerol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, sulfamic acid, glyoxal, acetylacetone, pyrocatechol, nitrilotri(methylphosphonic acid), etidronic acid, sodium sulfate, calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, thiosulfates, especially sodium thiosulfate, thiocyanates, and sulfides, especially potassium sulfide.

[0035] In particularly preferred embodiments, the enhancer is selected from the group consisting of diethanolisopropanolamine (DEIPA), ethanoldiisopropanolamine (EDIPA), lactic acid, calcium lactate, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, gluconic acid, sodium gluconate, calcium formate, glycine, pentaerythritol, glycerol, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane, sulfamic acid, glyoxal, acetylacetone, pyrocatechol, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), aluminum sulfate, and calcium chloride.

[0036] In a further preferred embodiment, the accelerator is a mixture of two alkanolamines or a mixture of one alkanolamine and at least one further accelerator different from the alkanolamine.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the accelerator is a mixture of an alkanolamine selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine (TEA), triisopropanolamine (TIPA), diethanolisopropanolamine (DEIPA), ethanoldiisopropanolamine (EDIPA), and / or methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), in particular TIPA and / or DEIPA, with one further accelerator selected from the group consisting of fructose, mannose, maltose, glucose, galactose, dextrin, fermentation residues, molasses, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, neuraminic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, iduronic acid, mucic acid, sugar acids and their sodium, potassium or calcium salts, formic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, phosphorus acid ...molasses, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, maltose, glucose, galactose, dextrin, molasses, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, maltose, glucose, galacturonic acid, dextrin, maltose, glucose, galacturonic acid, Sodium nitrite, calcium nitrite, magnesium nitrite, acetic acid ...

[0038] A preferred embodiment of the enhancer of the present invention is a mixture of TIPA and / or DEIPA with at least one of lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, calcium formate, glycine, glycerol, sulfamic acid, pyrocatechol, sugars, particularly fructose, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate (IDS), aluminum sulfate, and calcium chloride.

[0039] A particularly preferred embodiment of the enhancer of the present invention is a mixture of TIPA and / or DEIPA with a sugar, preferably fructose.

[0040] A further particularly preferred embodiment of the accelerator of the invention is a mixture of TIPA and / or DEIPA with citric acid or a salt thereof, in particular citric acid, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, or calcium citrate.

[0041] In a further embodiment, the accelerator is a mixture of an alkanolamine selected from the group consisting of triethanolamine (TEA), triisopropanolamine (TIPA), diethanolisopropanolamine (DEIPA), ethanoldiisopropanolamine (EDIPA), and / or methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), in particular TIPA and / or DEIPA, with two further accelerators, wherein the first further accelerator is selected from sodium citrate and the second further accelerator is selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts and reducing agents, preferably sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium nitrite, calcium nitrate, aluminum sulfate, sodium thiosulfate, and potassium sulfide.

[0042] A further particularly preferred embodiment of the enhancer according to the invention is a mixture of TIPA and / or DEIPA with sodium citrate.

[0043] In an embodiment, in the construction material of the invention, the accelerator A is selected from a mixture of diethanolisopropanolamine and trisodium citrate or a mixture of triisopropanolamine and trisodium citrate.

[0044] Diethanolisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is preferably present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.6 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 0.6 wt. %, especially 0.1 to 0.3 wt. %, based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0045] Trisodium citrate may be present in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0 wt. %, preferably 0.08 to 0.9 wt. %, more preferably 0.1 to 0.9 wt. %, even more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 wt. %, and especially 0.2 to 0.5 wt. %, based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0046] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of slag-based binder B.

[0047] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.08 to 0.9 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of slag-based binder B.

[0048] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.9 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0049] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.8 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0050] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0051] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of slag-based binder B.

[0052] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.08 to 0.9 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of slag-based binder B.

[0053] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.9 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0054] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.8 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0055] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.6 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0056] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of slag-based binder B.

[0057] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.08 to 0.9 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of slag-based binder B.

[0058] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.9 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0059] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.8 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0060] In an embodiment, diethanol-isopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 wt. % and trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.2 to 0.5 wt. %, in each case based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0061] In an embodiment, in the construction material of the present invention, additionally at least one additional accelerator selected from the group consisting of calcium formate, calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate, fructose, and / or glycerol is present.

[0062] The at least one accelerator A according to the invention can be added to the construction material as an aqueous formulation, preferably as a formulation in the mixing water, with the at least one accelerator A being particularly preferably dissolved and / or dispersed in the mixing water.

[0063] The at least one accelerator A of the present invention can be added to the construction material in the form of a solid formulation, and in particular preferably adsorbed onto the surface of a solid support material, such as diatomaceous earth, clay, calcined clay or filler, as will be explained below.

[0064] The at least one accelerator A of the present invention can also be co-ground with the steelmaking slag S1 and / or the co-binder C. The co-grounding is preferably carried out during the production of the steelmaking slag S1 and / or the co-binder C.

[0065] In an embodiment, in the construction material of the invention, the at least one accelerator A is co-ground with at least one steelmaking slag S1.

[0066] In an embodiment, in the construction material of the invention, the slag-based binder B comprises at least one steelmaking slag S1, preferably BOF slag, in an amount of at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

[0067] In an embodiment, the construction material of the present invention includes a second slag S2 that is chemically different from S1. By "chemically different" it is meant that the chemical composition and / or phase makeup of the second slag S2 differs from that of slag S1. Both slag S1 and slag S2 originate from iron or steelmaking. It is particularly preferred if slag S1 is basic oxygen furnace slag and slag S2 is ground granulated blast furnace slag.

[0068] For example, the second slag S2 is a granulated blast furnace slag having the following chemical composition: 25-50% by weight CaO, 25-50% by weight SiO2, 2-25% by weight Al2O3, 0-5% by weight Fe2O3, 0-10% by weight MgO, and 0-7% by weight SO3. It is highly preferred if the second slag S2 is a granulated blast furnace slag that is substantially amorphous, preferably having an amorphous phase content of 70-100% by weight.

[0069] The use of a second slag S2, in particular ground granulated blast furnace slag, is particularly useful for controlling the volume expansion of the construction material of the invention. In particular, the volume expansion of the construction material of the invention is controlled if the following conditions are met: (i) The volume expansion (ΔV / V) of the hydraulic composition in a cylinder 40 mm in height and 40 mm in diameter is 3.5% by volume or less after curing at 35°C / 80% rh for 40 days after hardening, and / or (ii) the linear expansion (ΔL / L) of the hydraulic composition measured in accordance with EN 12617-4 on a 4 x 4 x 16 cm square column is less than 0.2% after curing at 45°C / 80% rh for 40 days after hardening; and / or (iii) 4x4x16 cm prisms of the hydraulic composition prepared in accordance with EN 12617-4 show no significant cracks after curing for 96 days at 70°C / 80%rh after hardening.

[0070] The amount of second slag S2, in particular ground granulated blast furnace slag, is preferably less than 15% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B. It is particularly preferred that the slag-based binder B does not contain second slag S2.

[0071] The construction material includes aggregates and / or fillers. The aggregates may be any material that is non-reactive in the hydration reaction of the hydraulic binder. The aggregates may be any aggregate typically used for construction materials. Typical aggregates include, for example, rock, crushed stone, crushed concrete, gravel, sand, especially silica sand, river sand and / or crushed sand, glass, foam glass, hollow glass beads, glass ceramics, quarry waste, porcelain, electrofused or sintered abrasives, sintered carriers, silica xerogel, and bio-derived aggregates, such as hemp or sunflower.

[0072] Aggregates useful in the present invention may have a variety of shapes and sizes typically suitable for such aggregates. A particularly preferred aggregate is sand. Sand is a naturally occurring particulate material consisting of finely ground rock or mineral particles. It is available in a variety of shapes and sizes. Examples of suitable sands are silica sand, limestone sand, river sand, or crushed aggregate. Suitable sands are described, for example, in standards ASTM C778 or EN 196-1.

[0073] The filler is characterized by a small particle size. In particular, the filler is selected from the following: fine calcium carbonate, ground limestone, ground dolomite, and / or ground aluminum oxide, and / or non-reactive slag. "Non-reactive" refers to slag useful as a filler that does not react with water in a hydration reaction. Slag suitable as a filler is typically processed so that the free lime is hydroxylated and / or carbonized. For example, the free lime content of slag suitable as a filler is less than 2% according to standard EN459-2.

[0074] It is also possible to use a combination of two or more types of aggregate and even two or more types of filler.

[0075] Co-binder C, in the present context, is an inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of cement, calcium sulfate, lime, calcined magnesia, caustic magnesia, alumina, latent hydraulic binders, and / or pozzolans. The co-binder C is distinct from the slag-based binder B. In particular, the co-binder C does not contain slag, in particular does not contain BOF slag and / or GGBS.

[0076] The cement may be, in particular, Portland cement of types CEM I, CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV, or CEM V, as described in standard EN 197-1; calcium aluminate cement and / or calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA), as described in standard EN 14647. The term "calcium sulfate" is intended to include various forms of CaSO4, in particular anhydrite, α- and β-hemihydrate, dihydrate, and gypsum. The term "lime" is intended to include natural hydraulic lime, blended lime, hydraulic lime, and air-setting lime, as described in standard EN 459-1:2015. The term "alumina" refers to aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, and / or aluminum oxyhydroxide such as gibbzite and boehmite, calcined or flash-calcined alumina, alumina obtained from the Bayer process, hydratable alumina such as amorphous mesophase alumina, and p-phase alumina. The pozzolans and latent hydraulic binders are preferably selected from the group consisting of crude clay, calcined clay, especially metakaolin, kiln dust, microsilica, fly ash, pyrogenic silica, precipitated silica, silica fume, sodocalcic glass, borocalcic glass, zeolites, rice husk ash, calcined oil shale, and natural pozzolans such as diatomaceous earth, pumice, and volcanic earth. Within the present context, pozzolans and latent hydraulic binders do not include steel slag.

[0077] Preferably, the co-binder C is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, calcium sulfate, hydraulic lime, air-setting lime, calcined magnesia, caustic magnesia, calcined alumina, hydrated alumina, aluminum hydroxide, pozzolans, in particular crude clay and / or calcined clay, laterite, pyrogenic silica, silica fume, fly ash, and latent hydraulic binders (wherein pozzolans and latent hydraulic binders do not include steel slag). Particularly preferably, the co-binder C is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, gypsum, calcium sulfate, lime, calcined clay, pozzolans, silica fume, fly ash, caustic magnesia, and latent hydraulic binders (wherein pozzolans and latent hydraulic binders do not include steel slag).

[0078] Clay in this context is a solid substance that accounts for at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 35% by weight, and in particular at least 75% by weight of clay minerals, each based on their dry weight. Such clay minerals preferably belong to the following groups: kaolin group (e.g., kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, or halloysite), smectite group (e.g., montmorillonite, nontronite, or saponite), vermiculite group, serpentine, palygorskite, sepiolite, chlorite, talc, pyrophyllite, micas (e.g., biotite, muscovite, illite, glauconite, celadonite, and phengite), minerals resulting from the leaching and weathering of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks, such as laterite, or mixtures thereof. Crude clay is, for example, clay mineral extracted from a quarry, optionally refined and optionally dried. Calcined clays are in particular low-temperature calcined clays that have been heat-treated at temperatures between 500 and 1200° C. or by a flash calcination process at temperatures between 800 and 1100° C. Suitable flash calcination processes are described, for example, in WO 2014 / 085538. Low-temperature calcined clays are anhydrous substances.

[0079] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calcined clay is metakaolin, which is a material obtained by low-temperature calcination of kaolinite or kaolinite-rich mineral matter, e.g., having a kaolinite content of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 35% by weight, based on the dry weight of the material. Calcination temperatures to produce metakaolin are typically in the range of 500-900°C.

[0080] Laterite is a naturally occurring material resulting from the weathering and leaching of rocks. The mineralogical and chemical composition of laterite is variable. Typical laterites contain quartz, kaolinite, goethite, hematite, and gibbzite.

[0081] As with the second slag S2, a co-binder C, in particular a pozzolan, preferably a crude clay or a calcined clay, can be used to control the volume expansion of the construction material of the invention.

[0082] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises a calcined clay, preferably metakaolin, and the weight ratio of the slag-based binder B to the calcined clay is in the range of 1 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, more preferably 5 to 10, especially 5 to 8.

[0083] Calcined clay is preferably a calcined clay in the present context. Low-temperature calcined clay is a clay material that has been treated by heat treatment, preferably at temperatures between 500 and 1200°C, or by a flash calcination process at temperatures between 800 and 1100°C. Suitable flash calcination processes are described, for example, in WO 2014 / 085538. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the calcined clay is metakaolin. Metakaolin is a material obtained by low-temperature calcination of kaolinite or a kaolinite-rich mineral material, e.g., having a kaolinite content of at least 30% by weight, preferably at least 35% by weight, based on its dry weight. Calcination temperatures for producing metakaolin are typically in the range of 500 to 900°C.

[0084] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises or consists of calcium sulfate, and the weight ratio of the slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate is not more than 20:1, preferably not more than 15:1, in particular not more than 6:1.

[0085] In an embodiment, the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate is 1:1 or more, preferably 2:1 or more, especially 5:1 or more.

[0086] Calcium sulfate, in the present context, includes anhydrite, gypsum, alpha- and beta-form calcium sulfate hemihydrate, calcium sulfate dihydrate, and various mixtures thereof. Calcium sulfate may be based on LGD gypsum, phosphate gypsum, fluorogypsum, and natural gypsum. In a preferred embodiment, the sulfate source is selected from calcium sulfate hemihydrate or anhydrite.

[0087] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises or consists of calcium sulfoaluminate cement, and the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfoaluminate cement is in the range of 1 to 15, preferably 4 to 10, in particular 4 to 8.

[0088] Preferably, the calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) of the present invention is C4 (A 3-x F x )$ (where C: CaO; A: Al2O3; F: Fe2O3; $: SO3) (where x is an integer between 0 and 3). The CSA of the present invention typically includes a further phase selected from the following: aluminates (CA, CA, C 12 CSA cements may contain, for example, 15-75 wt. % C4A3, 0-10 wt. % aluminate, 0-70 wt. % belite, 0-35 wt. % ferrite, 0-20 wt. % ternesite, and 0-20 wt. % anhydrite, each based on the total weight of the CSA cement. Suitable CSAs are commercially available, for example, from Heidelberg Cement AG, Buzzi Unicem, or under the trade name Calumex (Caltra BV).

[0089] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises or consists of a mixture of calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate cement, the weight ratio of calcium sulfate to calcium sulfoaluminate cement being in the range of 1 to 5, preferably 2 to 3.

[0090] Calcium sulfate and CSA cement are as described above.

[0091] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises calcined clay, preferably metakaolin, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcined clay is in the range of 1 to 20, and the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate is 20:1 or less.

[0092] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises calcined clay, preferably metakaolin, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcined clay is in the range of 5 to 8, and the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate is 6:1 or less.

[0093] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate is 20:1 or less, and the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfoaluminate cement, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfoaluminate cement is in the range of 1-15.

[0094] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate is 6:1 or less, and the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfoaluminate cement, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfoaluminate cement is in the range of 4-8.

[0095] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises calcined clay, preferably metakaolin, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcined clay is in the range of 1 to 20; and the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate is 20:1 or less; and the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfoaluminate cement, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfoaluminate cement is in the range of 1 to 15.

[0096] In an embodiment, the co-binder C comprises calcined clay, preferably metakaolin, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcined clay is in the range of 5 to 8; and the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfate, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate is 6:1 or less; and the co-binder C comprises calcium sulfoaluminate cement, wherein the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfoaluminate cement is in the range of 4 to 8.

[0097] The construction material of the present invention optionally includes 0.01 to 12 wt. %, more preferably 0.05 to 6 wt. %, of an admixture. In an embodiment, the admixture is selected from the list consisting of plasticizers, superplasticizers, shrinkage reducing agents, air entraining agents, deaeration agents, stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, thickeners, water reducing agents, set retarders, water resistance agents, hydrophobic agents, fibers, foaming agents, defoamers, re-emulsifiable polymers, dedusting agents, chromate reducing agents, pigments, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, and steel passivators.

[0098] The thickener may in particular be selected from cellulosic substances such as modified cellulose, in particular cellulose ethers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, and methylhydroxypropylcellulose. The water-retaining agent may in particular be selected from superabsorbent polymers, layered silicates, or starches, in particular modified starches. The plasticizer may in particular be a lignosulfonate, a polyacrylate, or a polycarboxylate ether.

[0099] In embodiments, the admixture comprises or consists of a hydrophobizing agent present in an amount to provide 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent hydrophobizing agent, based on the total dry weight of the construction material. Preferred hydrophobizing agents are: metal soaps such as metal salts of stearic acid, oleic acid, or capric acid, silanes, siloxanes, silicones, silicate resins, fine wax emulsions, and bitumen emulsions.

[0100] In an embodiment, the admixture comprises or consists of at least one redispersible polymer, and / or at least one cellulose ether, and / or at least one modified starch, and / or at least one plasticizer.

[0101] In particular, the redispersible polymer is present in the form of a redispersible polymer powder. The term "redispersible polymer" refers to a substance that contains a polymer and forms a stable dispersion when introduced into water. The redispersible polymer includes not only the polymer but also typically a mixture thereof with, for example, a protective colloid, an emulsifier, and a support material. Redispersible polymer powder can be produced, for example, by spray-drying a polymer dispersion, as described, for example, in European Patent Application No. 1042391. Suitable redispersible polymers and redispersible polymer powders are available, for example, from Wacker Chemie AG under the trade name Vinnapas.

[0102] The redispersible polymer is preferably a copolymer of two or more of the following monomers: ethylene, propylene, butylene, isoprene, butadiene, styrene, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid, vinyl esters, and vinyl chloride. Preferred redispersible polymers are copolymers of the following combinations of monomers: vinyl acetate and ethylene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and ethylene, vinyl acetate, ethylene and methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, ethylene and vinyl esters, vinyl acetate, ethylene and acrylic esters, vinyl chloride, ethylene and vinyl laurate, vinyl acetate and vinyl versatate, acrylic esters and styrene, acrylic esters, styrene and butadiene, acrylic esters and acrylonitrile, styrene and butadiene, acrylic acid and styrene, methacrylic acid and styrene, styrene and acrylic esters, and styrene and methacrylic esters.

[0103] In an embodiment, the at least one redispersible polymer is selected from copolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and ethylene, the at least one cellulose ether is a methylhydroxyethyl cellulose ether, the at least one modified starch is a starch ether, and the at least one plasticizer is a polycarboxylate ether or a polyacrylate.

[0104] In an embodiment, the construction material of the present invention comprises (in each case based on the total dry weight of the construction material): (i) 20 to 40 weight percent basic oxygen furnace slag; (ii) 0.1 to 0.3 wt. % sodium citrate; (iii) 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of an alkanolamine, preferably diethanolisopropanolamine; (iv) 2 to 10 wt. % metakaolin; (v) 1 to 5 wt. % calcium sulfate; (vi) 45 to 65% by weight of aggregate, preferably sand; (vii) optionally, 5 to 10 wt. % of a filler, preferably a calcium carbonate filler; (viii) 0.1 to 0.5 wt. % of a thickener, preferably a cellulose ether; (ix) 0.01 to 0.1 wt. % of a water-retaining agent, preferably a modified starch; (x) 0.5 to 2% by weight of a re-emulsifiable polymer; (xi) optionally, 0.01 to 1% by weight of calcium chloride and / or calcium formate, and (xii) optionally, 0.05 to 0.3 wt. % of a hydrophobic agent, preferably a silane and / or a siloxane.

[0105] In an embodiment, the construction material of the present invention comprises (in each case based on the total dry weight of the construction material): (i) 20 to 40 weight percent basic oxygen furnace slag; (ii) 0.1 to 0.3 wt. % sodium citrate; (iii) 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of an alkanolamine, preferably diethanolisopropanolamine; (iv) 2 to 10 weight percent Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, or calcium sulfoaluminate cement; (v) 2 to 10 wt. % metakaolin; (vi) 1 to 5 wt. % calcium sulfate; (vii) 45 to 65% by weight of aggregate, preferably sand; (viii) optionally, 5 to 10 wt. % of a filler, preferably a calcium carbonate filler; (ix) 0.1 to 0.5 wt. % of a thickener, preferably a cellulose ether; (x) 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a water-retaining agent, preferably modified starch; (xi) 0.5 to 2% by weight of a re-emulsifiable polymer; (xii) optionally, 0.01 to 1% by weight of calcium chloride and / or calcium formate, and (xiii) optionally, 0.05 to 0.3 wt. % of a hydrophobic agent, preferably a silane and / or a siloxane.

[0106] In an embodiment, the construction material of the present invention comprises (in each case based on the total dry weight of the construction material): (i) 30 to 40 weight percent basic oxygen furnace slag; (ii) 0.1 to 0.4 wt. % sodium citrate; (iii) 0.02 to 0.2% by weight of an alkanolamine, preferably diethanolisopropanolamine; (iv) optionally, 2 to 10 wt. % Portland cement, calcium aluminate cement, or calcium sulfoaluminate cement; (v) 2 to 10 wt. % metakaolin; (vi) 2 to 5 wt. % calcium sulfate; (vii) 40 to 55% by weight of aggregate, preferably sand; (viii) 5 to 15 wt. % of a filler, preferably a calcium carbonate filler; (ix) 0.01 to 0.1 wt. % of a thickener, preferably a cellulose ether; (x) 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a water-retaining agent, preferably modified starch; (xi) 0.5 to 2% by weight of a re-emulsifiable polymer.

[0107] Any of the construction materials of the above embodiments can be mixed with water to prepare a soft mortar. A suitable amount of water is such that the weight ratio of water to dry components is between 0.1 and 0.6. Other suitable weight ratios of water to dry components can be 0.1 to 0.45, or 0.2 to 0.45, or 0.1 to 0.25.

[0108] In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of the construction material as defined above as a tile adhesive, grouting mortar, repair mortar, masonry mortar, waterproofing mortar, anchoring mortar, render, screed, self-leveling underlayment or toplay, thin joint mortar, or wall leveling compound.

[0109] All of the properties mentioned above as preferred also apply to this embodiment.

[0110] In particular, the tile adhesive of the present invention conforms to one of the classes C1, C1E, C1F, C1FT, C2, C2E, C2F, C2S1, C2S2, C2FT, C2FTS1 as set out in standard EN12004-1.

[0111] In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a method for tiling a surface, comprising the steps of: (i) providing a construction material as described above; (ii) mixing the construction material with water such that the weight ratio of water to dry construction material is in the range of 0.1 to 0.6; (iii) applying the mixture obtained in step (ii) to the surface; (iv) applying tiles to the assembly obtained in step (iii) while the mixture is still wet; (v) Optionally, curing the assembly obtained in step (iv).

[0112] All of the properties mentioned above as being preferred also apply to this embodiment.

[0113] In an embodiment, the weight ratio of water to dry construction material in step (ii) is adjusted to control the rheology of the resulting mixture. A higher amount of water will result in a more fluid mixture, while a lower amount of water will result in a more viscous mixture. The methods and equipment for mixing the construction material with water are not particularly limited and are known to those skilled in the art. Mixing can be continuous, semi-continuous, or batchwise. Continuous mixing has the advantage of increasing throughput.

[0114] The mixture in step (iii) can be applied by various means known to those skilled in the art. In one embodiment, the mixture in step (iii) is applied by troweling, brushing, or roller. In another embodiment, the mixture in step (iii) is applied by spraying. Spray application has the advantage of allowing for very rapid and continuous application. Apparatus suitable for such spray application is known to those skilled in the art.

[0115] Step (iii) may further comprise applying the mixture to the face of a tile intended to contact said surface.

[0116] Hardening progresses over time, thereby developing physical properties such as compressive strength, adhesive strength, etc. The construction composition of the present invention, when mixed with water, may cure at a variety of temperatures. However, it is preferred that the curing in step (v) be carried out at a temperature between +4°C and +50°C, preferably between +5°C and +35°C.

[0117] The tiling of the present invention may also include additional steps, which may include cleaning the substrate or priming the substrate.

[0118] In another aspect, the present invention also relates to a tiled surface, in particular a part of a building, obtained by the method described above.

[0119] In particular, the tiled surfaces may be: underground walls, floor structures, drainage facilities, pipes, silos, stairs, bathrooms, kitchens, swimming pools, balconies, terraces, ponds or puddles, port structures, and civil engineering works such as tunnels.

[0120] The following examples provide further details and embodiments of the present invention to those skilled in the art. [Example]

[0121] BOF slag is heated at 3000cm 2 The BOF slag was a steelmaking slag with a Blaine surface of 10 ...

[0122] [Table 1]

[0123] Diethanolisopropanolamine (DEIPA), triisopropanolamine (TIPA), trisodium citrate, calcium chloride, calcium formate, Al2(SO4)3·14H2O, fructose, and aluminum hydroxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich in high purity and used as received.

[0124] Metakaolin contains approximately 95% by weight of SiO2 and Al2O3, and 2 / g BET surface area, pozzolanic reactivity (Chapelle test method) of 1100 mg Ca(OH)2 / g, and methylene blue value of 7 g / kg metakaolin.

[0125] CaSO4 was anhydrous gypsum.

[0126] The OPC was CEMI42.5R.

[0127] The CSA was a calcium sulfoaluminate cement with a content of about 54 wt% C4A3$, about 29 wt% C2S, and about 0.6 wt% C$. The CSA had a viscosity of 4600 cm 2 / g of Blaine surface.

[0128] GGBS was ground granulated blast furnace slag with a median particle size of 11 μm and a glass content of greater than 95%.

[0129] The precipitated calcium carbonate had a median particle size of 50 nm.

[0130] Filler 1 is Fillinox 3000, 2500 cm 2 Filler 2 was a non-reactive EAF slag with a Blaine fineness of 0.9-80 μm.

[0131] Sand 1 had a particle size between 75 and 425 μm. Sand 2 had a bimodal particle size distribution with particle sizes ranging from 0.08 to 0.8 mm. Sand 3 had a particle size between 0.063 and 4 mm.

[0132] The modified cellulose was methylhydroxyethyl cellulose.

[0133] RDP1 was a re-emulsifiable polymer powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl versatate. RDP2 was a re-emulsifiable polymer powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and ethylene. RDP3 was a re-emulsifiable polymer powder based on a copolymer of vinyl acetate, vinyl versatate and maleic ester.

[0134] The silane / siloxane used was a mixture of alkyl-trialkoxysilanes and their oligomers in powder form.

[0135] The defoamer was a blend of hydrocarbon and polyalkylene glycol on an inorganic carrier.

[0136] The fibers were 6 mm polypropylene fibers.

[0137] The SRA was neopentyl glycol.

[0138] To prepare the mortar, the dry components were mixed in the amounts shown in Tables 1-3 below until visually uniform. DEIPA and trisodium citrate were premixed in the mix water and then added with the mix water in the amounts shown in Tables 1-3 below. Mixing of the dry mix with the mix water was carried out in a Hobart mixer at low speed settings (140 rpm and 62 rpm planetary drive) for 1.5-2 minutes.

[0139] The initial bond strength, bond strength after heat aging, and bond strength after water immersion were measured according to standard EN 1348:2007. The bond strength after 20 minutes open time was measured according to standard EN 1346:2007. The compressive strength was measured according to standard EN 12190:1998 after the times shown in Tables 3 and 4 below.

[0140] [Table 2]

[0141] [Table 3]

[0142] [Table 4]

[0143] The results in Table 1 above show that adding DEIPA and trisodium citrate in combination increases adhesive strength (see Example 2 vs. 1). Adding calcium formate or calcium chloride improves adhesive strength overall (see Examples 3 and 4). Increasing metakaolin can decrease adhesive strength after water immersion (see Examples 4 and 5). There is an optimal amount of trisodium citrate to achieve the best adhesive strength after heat aging, but this must be balanced with adhesive strength after water immersion (see Examples 3, 6, and 7). Reducing the amount of sulfate salt results in good adhesive strength after 20 minutes of open time and heat aging, but also decreases adhesive strength after water immersion (see Examples 11, 12, and 13). Comparing Examples 11 and 16 shows that optimizing the added redispersible polymer can further improve adhesive strength after water immersion. Furthermore, the use of a hydrophobic agent improves adhesive strength after water immersion (see Examples 14 and 15).

[0144] [Table 5]

[0145] The results in Table 2 above show that the additional use of OPC in the co-binder improves the adhesive strength after water immersion (see Example 20). The use of CSA in the co-binder helps to increase the adhesive strength, especially after heat resistance testing. When using CSA in the co-binder, the amount of calcium sulfate can be optimized to increase the adhesive strength (see Examples 22, 23, 24, and 25).

[0146] [Table 6]

[0147] The results in Table 3 above show that increasing the amount of slag-based binder B can increase the 24-hour strength, while the final strength measured after 28 days still fully meets the requirements of standard EN 1504-3 for structural repair mortars (see Examples 30-32). The use of CSA cement as part of the co-binder results in particularly increased 24-hour strength. In compositions containing CSA as part of the co-binder, lowering the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate can further increase the strength at 28 days (see Examples 34 and 35).

[0148] [Table 7]

[0149] [Table 8]

[0150] The results in Table 5 above show that the adhesive strength after heat aging can be improved by adjusting the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfoaluminate cement.

[0151] [Table 9]

[0152] Examples 52-54 show that increased early and late compressive strength can be achieved by optimizing the weight ratio of DEIPA, TIPA, and / or citrate based on the total dry weight of slag-based binder B.

[0153] Examples 55-57 show that by optimizing the amounts of slag-based binder B, co-binder C, and aggregate and / or filler, increased early and late compressive strength can be achieved.

Claims

1. Construction materials, in each case based on the total dry weight of said construction materials: a) 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, of a slag-based binder B, said slag-based binder B consisting of: a1) at least one steelmaking slag S1, preferably basic oxygen furnace slag; a2) at least one accelerator A selected from the group consisting of alkanolamines, reducing agents, sugars, sugar acids, carboxylic acids or their salts, amino acids or their salts, polyols, sulfamic acid, glyoxal, acetylacetone, pyrocatechol, nitrilotri(methylphosphonic acid), etidronic acid, inorganic salts, or mixtures thereof; a3) optionally a second slag S2 chemically different from S1, preferably granulated blast furnace slag; b) 30 to 90% by weight, preferably 45 to 75% by weight, of at least one aggregate and / or filler, c) 3 to 30% by weight, preferably 4 to 20% by weight, of at least one co-binder C, said co-binder C being different from said slag-based binder B, said co-binder C being selected from the group consisting of cement, calcium sulfate, lime, burnt magnesia, caustic magnesia, alumina, latent hydraulic binders and / or pozzolans; d) optionally 0.01 to 12 wt. %, more preferably 0.05 to 6 wt. %, of an admixture; and e) optionally, water in an amount to achieve a water:dry components mass ratio of between 0.1 and 0.6; Construction materials comprising or consisting of:

2. 2. The construction material according to claim 1, characterized in that the slag-based binder B comprises at least one steelmaking slag S1, preferably BOF slag, in an amount of at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, in particular at least 95% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

3. 3. A construction material according to at least one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the co-binder C comprises a calcined clay, preferably metakaolin, and the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcined clay is in the range of 1 to 20, preferably 4 to 15, more preferably 5 to 10, in particular 5 to 8.

4. 4. Construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the co-binder C comprises or consists of calcium sulfate, the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfate being at most 20:1, preferably at most 15:1, in particular at most 6:

1.

5. 5. A construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the co-binder C comprises or consists of calcium sulfoaluminate cement, and the weight ratio of slag-based binder B to calcium sulfoaluminate cement is in the range of 1 to 15, preferably 4 to 10, in particular 4 to 8.

6. 6. Construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the accelerator A is selected from a mixture of diethanolisopropanolamine and trisodium citrate or a mixture of triisopropanolamine and trisodium citrate.

7. 7. Construction material according to claim 6, characterized in that diethanolisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine is present in an amount of 0.05 to 0.6 wt.-%, preferably 0.1 to 0.6 wt.-%, in particular 0.1 to 0.3 wt.-%, based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

8. 8. A construction material according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterised in that trisodium citrate is present in an amount of 0.05 to 1.0 wt.-%, preferably 0.08 to 0.9 wt.-%, more preferably 0.1 to 0.9 wt.-%, even more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 wt.-%, and in particular 0.2 to 0.5 wt.-%, based on the total dry weight of the slag-based binder B.

9. 9. The construction material according to claim 6, wherein at least one additional accelerator A is additionally present, selected from the group consisting of calcium formate, calcium chloride, aluminum sulfate, fructose, and / or glycerol.

10. 10. Construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said at least one accelerator A is co-ground with said at least one steelmaking slag S1.

11. 11. Construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the admixture comprises or consists of a hydrophobic agent, the hydrophobic agent being present in an amount such that the dosage of the hydrophobic agent is 0.05 to 0.3 wt.-%, based on the total dry weight of the construction material.

12. 12. Construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the admixture comprises or consists of at least one redispersible polymer, and / or at least one cellulose ether, and / or at least one modified starch, and / or at least one plasticizer.

13. 13. The construction material according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one redispersible polymer is selected from copolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride and ethylene, the at least one cellulose ether is methylhydroxyethyl cellulose ether, the at least one modified starch is a starch ether, and the at least one plasticizer is a polycarboxylate ether or a polyacrylate.

14. Use of the construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 13 as a tile adhesive, grouting mortar, repair mortar, masonry mortar, waterproofing mortar, anchoring mortar, render, screed, self-levelling underlay or self-levelling toplay, thin joint mortar or wall levelling compound.

15. 1. A method for tiling a surface, comprising: (i) providing a construction material according to any one of claims 1 to 13, (ii) mixing the construction material with water such that the weight ratio of water to dry construction material is in the range of 0.1 to 0.6; (iii) applying the mixture obtained in step (ii) to the surface; (iv) applying tiles to the assembly obtained in step (iii) while the mixture is still wet; (v) optionally curing the assembly obtained in step (iv); A method comprising:

16. A tiled surface obtained by the method according to claim 15, in particular as part of a building.

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