Harmonica pipes and manufacturing methods, liquid cooling plates, batteries, power consumption devices

Abstract

This application discloses a harmonica pipe and a method for manufacturing it, a liquid cooling plate, a battery, and a power consumption device. The material of the harmonica pipe comprises a polyphenylene sulfide composition, the polyphenylene sulfide composition comprising a polyphenylene sulfide resin and a toughening agent, the toughening agent comprising a copolymer of an olefin and a glycidyl ester. This application provides a polyphenylene sulfide composition, which, when used as a material for a harmonica pipe, is advantageous in reducing the occurrence of issues such as material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process. The formed harmonica pipe will have good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance, reducing the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process, and improving production capacity and product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with the application number 2024100632452 and the invention title "Accordion Pipe and Manufacturing Method, Liquid Cooling Plate, Battery, Power - consuming Equipment", which was filed on January 16, 2024, and all of it is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] This application belongs to the field of battery technology, and specifically relates to an accordion pipe and manufacturing method, a liquid cooling plate, a battery, and a power - consuming equipment.

Background Art

[0003] What is provided in this part is only background information related to this application, and it is not necessarily prior art.

[0004] Batteries, as next - generation green energy storage and conversion devices, have already been widely used in fields such as portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. The heat dissipation capacity of batteries is an important performance related to the normal operation of batteries. Generally, a liquid cooling plate is installed between battery cells to achieve heat dissipation of the battery. Currently, liquid cooling plates still need improvement in aspects such as material selection, forming, and performance indicators.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] The main technical problem to be solved by this application is the problem that liquid cooling plates still need improvement in aspects such as material selection, forming, and performance indicators.

[0006] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides an accordion pipe. The material of the accordion pipe includes a polyphenylene sulfide composition. The polyphenylene sulfide composition includes a polyphenylene sulfide resin and a toughening agent. The toughening agent includes a copolymer of an olefin and a glycidyl ester.

[0007] The embodiments of this application modify a polyphenylene sulfide resin with a toughening agent to form a polyphenylene sulfide composition. This polyphenylene sulfide composition is applied to extrusion molding, simplifying the processing steps. The resulting harmonica pipes have good product performance, such as good size stability, surface accuracy, mechanical properties (e.g., strength, toughness, and elongation at break), deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance. This meets the requirements for product operation, reduces the occurrence of material shortages and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion process, and reduces the risk of cracking during extrusion in the usage process, thereby improving production capacity and product quality.

[0008] In some examples, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000 or more.

[0009] The polyphenylene sulfide resin in the embodiments of this application has a number-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more, and its viscosity is relatively high, which facilitates the extrusion molding of harmonica pipes. Furthermore, polyphenylene sulfide resins with a number-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more have high rigidity, which is advantageous in providing the formed harmonica pipes with good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance.

[0010] In some examples, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is between 50,000 and 10,000.

[0011] The number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin in the embodiments of this application is 50,000 to 10,000, which is advantageous for the formed harmonica pipe to have good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance.

[0012] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composition comprises 80 to 90 parts by weight of polyphenylene sulfide resin and 10 to 20 parts by weight of a toughening agent.

[0013] In any embodiment, the polyphenylene sulfide resin may be in parts by weight of 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 parts by weight of the raw material, or within a range of any two of the above values. For example, the polyphenylene sulfide resin may be in parts by weight of 80 to 85, 83 to 88, or 85 to 90 parts by weight of the raw material. Within the above range, a relatively small amount of polyphenylene sulfide resin is advantageous in improving the toughness of the formed harmonica pipe and reducing the occurrence of issues such as material shortage and unsmooth extrusion during the extrusion molding process, while a relatively large amount of polyphenylene sulfide resin is advantageous in improving the rigidity of the formed harmonica pipe and improving the size stability of the harmonica pipe. In any embodiment, the amount of the toughening agent in parts by weight relative to the raw material may be 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, or within a range consisting of any two of the above values. For example, the amount of the toughening agent in parts by weight relative to the raw material may be 10 to 15 parts by weight, 12 to 18 parts by weight, or 15 to 20 parts by weight. Within the above range, a relatively large amount of toughening agent is advantageous in improving the toughness of the harmonica pipe and reducing the occurrence of issues such as material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process, while a relatively small amount of toughening agent is advantageous in improving the rigidity of the harmonica pipe and improving the size stability of the formed harmonica pipe.

[0014] In some examples, the melting index of the polyphenylene sulfide resin at 316°C / 10kg satisfies 55 g / 10min to 125 g / 10min.

[0015] In any embodiment, the melting index of the polyphenylene sulfide resin at 316°C / 10kg can be 55 g / 10min, 60 g / 10min, 65 g / 10min, 70 g / 10min, 75 g / 10min, 80 g / 10min, 85 g / 10min, 90 g / 10min, 95 g / 10min, 100 g / 10min, 105 g / 10min, 110 g / 10min, 115 g / 10min, 120 g / 10min, 125 g / 10min, or within a range of any two of the above values. For example, the melting index of the polyphenylene sulfide resin at 316°C / 10kg may be 55 g / 10min to 100 g / 10min, 80 g / 10min to 110 g / 10min, or 100 g / 10min to 125 g / 10min. Within the above range, a relatively high melt index is advantageous in improving the fluidity of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and reducing the occurrence of issues such as material breakdown and unsmooth extrusion during the extrusion process, while a relatively low melt index is advantageous in improving the rigidity of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and enhancing the mechanical strength and size stability of the formed harmonica pipe.

[0016] In some embodiments, the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester includes one or more of ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA), ethylene-methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate ternary copolymer (E-MA-GMA), ethylene octene copolymer-grafted-glycidyl methacrylate (POE-GMA), and styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer-grafted-glycidyl methacrylate (SBS-GMA).

[0017] In the embodiments of this application, the copolymer of the olefin and glycidyl ester provided improves the toughness of the polyphenylene sulfide composition and reduces the occurrence of issues such as material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion process.

[0018] In some examples, the melting index of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester at 190°C / 2.16 kg satisfies 4 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min.

[0019] In any embodiment, the melting index of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester at 190°C / 2.16kg can satisfy the range of 4 g / 10min, 4.5 g / 10min, 5 g / 10min, 5.5 g / 10min, 6 g / 10min, 6.5 g / 10min, 7 g / 10min, 7.5 g / 10min, 8 g / 10min, 8.5 g / 10min, 9 g / 10min, 9.5 g / 10min, 10 g / 10min, or any two of the above values. For example, the melting index of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester at 190°C / 2.16kg can satisfy 4 g / 10min to 6 g / 10min, 6 g / 10min to 8 g / 10min, or 8 g / 10min to 10 g / 10min. Within the above range, a relatively high melt index is advantageous for improving the fluidity of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester and for improving its affinity with the polyphenylene sulfide resin, while a relatively low melt index is advantageous for improving its ability to toughen the polyphenylene sulfide resin and for reducing the occurrence of issues such as material breakdown and unsuccessful extrusion in the extrusion process.

[0020] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composition further comprises an antioxidant.

[0021] In the embodiments of this application, the deterioration of the harmonica pipe is delayed by adding an antioxidant, thereby increasing the service life of the harmonica pipe.

[0022] In some examples, the polyphenylene sulfide composition further comprises 0.5 parts by weight or less of an antioxidant.

[0023] In any of the embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composition may further contain an antioxidant in parts by weight of 0 part, 0.05 part, 0.10 part, 0.15 part, 0.20 part, 0.25 part, 0.30 part, 0.35 part, 0.40 part, 0.45 part, 0.50 part, or in a range consisting of any two of the above numerical values. For example, the polyphenylene sulfide composition may further contain an antioxidant in parts by weight of 0 part to 0.20 part, 0.20 part to 0.50 part, or 0.30 part to 0.45 part. In the above ranges, a relatively small number of parts by weight of the antioxidant is advantageous for improving the uniformity of the distribution of the antioxidant in the polyphenylene sulfide resin, reducing the raw material cost of the antioxidant, and reducing the resource loss and environmental pollution caused by the use of the antioxidant. A relatively large number of parts by weight of the antioxidant is advantageous for delaying the deterioration process of the harmonica pipe and increasing the service life of the harmonica pipe.

[0024] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composition further contains an antioxidant in parts by weight of 0.2 part to 0.5 part.

[0025] The embodiments of the present application are advantageous for improving the uniformity of the distribution of the antioxidant in the polyphenylene sulfide resin, delaying the deterioration process of the harmonica pipe, and increasing the service life of the harmonica pipe within the above range of parts by weight of the antioxidant.

[0026] In some embodiments, the antioxidant contains one or two of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine and tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite.

[0027] Here, the antioxidant may only contain N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine, may only contain tris[2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite, or may further contain N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine and tris[2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine to tris[2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite may be 0-1:0-1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine to tris[2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite may be 1:0, 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1, 0:1, 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, or a range consisting of any two of the above numerical values. For example, the weight ratio of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine to tris[2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite may be (0.4-0.6):(0.4-0.6), (0.6-0.8):(0.6-0.8), (0.5-1):(0.1-0.4).

[0028] According to a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for manufacturing a harmonica pipe, and this method includes: providing a manufactured polyphenylene sulfide composition; molding and processing the polyphenylene sulfide composition to obtain a harmonica pipe. Here, the polyphenylene sulfide composition includes a polyphenylene sulfide resin and a toughening agent, and the toughening agent includes a copolymer of an olefin and a glycidyl ester.

[0029] In the embodiments of this application, harmonica pipes made of a polyphenylene sulfide composition material have good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance, which reduces the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process and is advantageous for improving production capacity and product quality.

[0030] In some embodiments, the step of molding the polyphenylene sulfide composition is: The process includes adding a polyphenylene sulfide composition to a twin-screw extruder and performing an extrusion molding process.

[0031] The embodiment of this application involves manufacturing and forming harmonica pipes by an extrusion molding process, offering advantages such as continuous production and high efficiency.

[0032] In some embodiments, the screw rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder is 300 rpm to 500 rpm.

[0033] In some embodiments, the temperature zone settings for a twin-screw extruder include a first temperature zone of 100°C to 120°C, a second temperature zone of 280°C to 290°C, a third temperature zone of 290°C to 310°C, a fourth temperature zone of 300°C to 310°C, a fifth temperature zone of 290°C to 300°C, a sixth temperature zone of 290°C to 300°C, a seventh temperature zone of 300°C to 310°C, an eighth temperature zone of 300°C to 310°C, a ninth temperature zone of 290°C to 310°C, and a die head temperature of 300°C to 320°C.

[0034] In the embodiments of this application, by setting the extrusion process parameters as described above, the occurrence of issues such as material shortage and unsuccessful extrusion is less likely to occur during the harmonica pipe formation process. The formed harmonica pipes have good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance, reducing the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process, which is advantageous for improving production capacity and product quality.

[0035] According to a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling plate comprising a harmonica pipe manufactured by any one of the first aspects or by the manufacturing method of the second aspect.

[0036] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery which includes a liquid cooling plate according to a third aspect.

[0037] According to the fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power-consuming device which includes a battery according to the fourth aspect. When the given liquid cooling plate is used as the battery of the power-consuming device, it has at least the same advantages as a battery and can improve the heat dissipation performance of the power-consuming device.

[0038] The above description is merely an overview of the proposed technology of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application, and to make the above and other objectives, features, and advantages of this application clearer and easier to understand, the following will describe specific embodiments of this application, which can be implemented according to the specifications. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the technical concept of the embodiments of this application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings that may be used in the embodiments of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below represent only a few embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without expending any creative effort. [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to several embodiments of this application. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a battery according to some embodiments of this application. [Figure 3] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid-cooled assembly according to several embodiments of this application. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a battery cell according to some embodiments of this application. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0040] To make the purpose, technical proposal, and effects of this application clearer and more evident, embodiments of the technical proposal of this application will be described in detail below, accompanied by drawings. The following embodiments are used solely to explain the technical proposal of this application more clearly and are merely examples; they do not limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art relating to the present application. The terms used herein are solely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The terms “including” and “having” and any variations thereof in the description of the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are intentionally intended to cover the non-exclusive “including.”

[0042] In the descriptions of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish different subjects and should not be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance or the number, specific order, or hierarchical relationship of the technical features shown. In the descriptions of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more sets (including two sets), and "multiple sheets" refers to two or more sheets (including two).

[0043] The “Examples” as used herein mean that certain features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with the Examples may be included in at least one Example of this Application. The appearance of this phrase at each location in the Specification does not necessarily refer to the same Example, nor does it mean that each Example is mutually exclusive or alternative to the others. Those skilled in the art will understand, both explicitly and implicitly, that the Examples described herein can be combined with other Examples.

[0044] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" merely describes a relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent three cases: A alone, a combination of A and B, or B alone. In this specification, the letter " / " generally indicates that the preceding and succeeding related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0045] In this specification, quantities, ratios, and other numerical values ​​are presented in range format. It should be understood that such range format is used for convenience and conciseness, and should be understood flexibly, to include not only clearly specified numerical values ​​limited by a range, but also all individual numerical values ​​or subranges covered within the said range, clearly specifying each numerical value and subrange.

[0046] Harmonica pipes are used in the heat dissipation field of new energy batteries and are important components that affect the battery life, range, and other performance aspects of these batteries. Harmonica pipes generally have multiple heat exchange medium channels through which the heat exchange medium receives and conducts heat. Currently, some harmonica pipes use metal materials, such as aluminum. Such designs have relatively complex molding processes, relatively high raw material costs, and require insulation from other components. Some harmonica pipes use plastic materials, which simplify the molding process, reduce raw material costs, and easily provide good insulation performance. However, common plastic materials are susceptible to corrosion by the heat exchange medium, accelerating the deterioration of the harmonica pipe and potentially causing cracks and other problems, affecting the normal use of the harmonica pipe and reducing its service life. For example, in a harmonica pipe made of polyamide material, the amide bonds in the polyamide readily form reactive functional groups such as hydrogen bonds. These functional groups readily react with heat exchange media such as water and ethylene glycol, causing the harmonica pipe to be susceptible to corrosion by the heat exchange media. Furthermore, because a harmonica pipe made of polyamide material has a chain-segment structure, the mechanical strength, deformation resistance, heat resistance, and creep resistance of harmonica pipes manufactured from it are relatively low.

[0047] Due to the relatively complex structure of harmonica pipes, some methods employ extrusion molding to form plastic harmonica pipes. This molding process is simple, highly efficient, and applicable to the irregular shapes of harmonica pipes. However, with general plastic materials, if the flexibility is relatively high during the extrusion molding process, the mechanical performance of the harmonica pipe tends to be relatively poor, making it difficult to meet product demands. Conversely, if the rigidity is relatively high, the tensile strength is high and the elongation at break is low, which can easily lead to issues such as material breakdown during extrusion and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process, affecting production capacity and product quality.

[0048] According to a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a harmonica pipe, the material of which comprises a polyphenylene sulfide composition, the polyphenylene sulfide composition comprising a polyphenylene sulfide resin and a toughening agent, the toughening agent comprising a copolymer of an olefin and a glycidyl ester.

[0049] Here, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) refers to a thermoplastic resin formed by alternately linking the molecular main chain with benzene rings via sulfur atoms. Because the π electron portions of the benzene rings overlap, the energy is further reduced, forming a stable conjugated structure. The benzene ring structure gives the polyphenylene sulfide resin good mechanical properties, deformation resistance, heat resistance, and creep resistance. The thioether bond provides flexibility to the polyphenylene sulfide resin, giving it a certain degree of breakage resistance, which is advantageous for extrusion molding of harmonica pipes. Number average molecular weight refers to the statistical determination of the molecular size of polyphenylene sulfide resin by the number of molecules, that is, by the ratio of the total mass of molecules to the total number of molecules. Polyphenylene sulfide resin has two types: low molecular weight and high molecular weight. The number average molecular weight of low molecular weight polyphenylene sulfide resin may be between 4000 and 5000, and it is difficult to directly mold. The number-average molecular weight of high molecular weight polyphenylene sulfide resins may be greater than 10,000 and may be used directly in plastic product processing without crosslinking. Toughening agents refer to substances that can increase the flexibility of polyphenylene sulfide resins. Olefin-glycidyl ester copolymers refer to products formed by copolymerization of olefins and glycidyl esters.In the process of toughening polyphenylene sulfide resin using a copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester as a toughening agent, the epoxy bond in the glycidyl ester causes a ring-opening reaction, which in turn causes an esterification reaction between the end groups of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and the alcohol and acid. This bonds the molecular chains of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester onto the molecular chains of polyphenylene sulfide, increasing the flexibility of the chain segments of the polyphenylene sulfide resin. Furthermore, because the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester also has olefin chain segments, the glycidyl ester toughens the polyphenylene sulfide resin, while the olefin chain segments of the copolymer also bond to the molecular chains of the polyphenylene sulfide resin. Since olefins have relatively good flexibility, the olefin and glycidyl ester synergistically interact with the polyphenylene sulfide resin, further improving the flexibility of the polyphenylene sulfide composition. Based on the infrared spectral spectrum of the harmonica pipe material, characteristic absorption peaks in this infrared spectral spectrum can be analyzed. By comparing the characteristic absorption peak data of the infrared spectral spectrum of the harmonica pipe material with the infrared spectral spectra or standard spectra of known compounds, the molecular structure and groups of the harmonica pipe material can be analyzed. For example, based on the infrared spectral spectrum of the harmonica pipe material, by comparing it with the infrared spectral spectra or standard spectra of known compounds, it can be analyzed that the harmonica pipe material contains functional groups such as benzene rings, phenylthio bonds, olefins, ester groups, hydroxyl groups, and alkyl groups. Subsequently, based on the analyzed benzene rings and phenylthio bonds, it can be qualitatively analyzed in reverse to determine that the harmonica pipe material contains polyphenylene sulfide. Based on the analyzed olefins, it can be qualitatively analyzed in reverse to determine that the harmonica pipe material contains olefins. Based on the analyzed olefins, ester groups, hydroxyl groups, and alkyl groups, it can be qualitatively analyzed in reverse to determine that the harmonica pipe material contains a copolymer of glycidyl esters.

[0050] The embodiments of this application modify a polyphenylene sulfide resin with a toughening agent to form a polyphenylene sulfide composition. This polyphenylene sulfide composition is applied to extrusion molding, simplifying the processing steps. The resulting harmonica pipes have good product performance, such as good size stability, surface accuracy, mechanical properties (e.g., strength, toughness, and elongation at break), deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance. This meets the requirements for product operation, reduces the occurrence of material shortages and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion process, and reduces the risk of cracking during extrusion in the usage process, thereby improving production capacity and product quality.

[0051] In some examples, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000 or more.

[0052] In any embodiment, the number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000, 60,000, 65,000, 70,000, 75,000, 80,000, 85,000, 90,000, 95,000, 100,000 or more, or within a range consisting of any two of the above values. For example, the number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin may be 50,000 to 80,000, 70,000 to 90,000, or 90,000 to 100,000. Within the above range, a relatively large number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is advantageous for improving its rigidity and for giving the harmonica pipe good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance. A relatively small number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is advantageous for improving its processing performance and for facilitating the reduction of the difficulty of extrusion processing with toughening agents.

[0053] The polyphenylene sulfide resin in the embodiments of this application has a number-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more, and its viscosity is relatively high, which facilitates the extrusion molding of harmonica pipes. Furthermore, polyphenylene sulfide resins with a number-average molecular weight of 50,000 or more have high rigidity, which is advantageous in providing the formed harmonica pipes with good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance.

[0054] In some examples, the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is between 50,000 and 10,000.

[0055] The number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin in the embodiments of this application is 50,000 to 10,000, which is advantageous for the formed harmonica pipe to have good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance.

[0056] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composition comprises 80 to 90 parts by weight of polyphenylene sulfide resin and 10 to 20 parts by weight of a toughening agent.

[0057] In any embodiment, the polyphenylene sulfide resin may be in parts by weight of 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 parts by weight of the raw material, or within a range of any two of the above values. For example, the polyphenylene sulfide resin may be in parts by weight of 80 to 85, 83 to 88, or 85 to 90 parts by weight of the raw material. Within the above range, a relatively small amount of polyphenylene sulfide resin is advantageous in improving the toughness of the formed harmonica pipe and reducing the occurrence of issues such as material shortage and unsmooth extrusion during the extrusion molding process, while a relatively large amount of polyphenylene sulfide resin is advantageous in improving the rigidity of the formed harmonica pipe and improving the size stability of the harmonica pipe. In any embodiment, the amount of the toughening agent in parts by weight relative to the raw material may be 10 parts by weight, 11 parts by weight, 12 parts by weight, 13 parts by weight, 14 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 16 parts by weight, 17 parts by weight, 18 parts by weight, 19 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, or within a range consisting of any two of the above values. For example, the amount of the toughening agent in parts by weight relative to the raw material may be 10 to 15 parts by weight, 12 to 18 parts by weight, or 15 to 20 parts by weight. Within the above range, a relatively large amount of toughening agent is advantageous in improving the toughness of the harmonica pipe and reducing the occurrence of issues such as material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process, while a relatively small amount of toughening agent is advantageous in improving the rigidity of the harmonica pipe and improving the size stability of the formed harmonica pipe.

[0058] In some examples, the melting index of the polyphenylene sulfide resin at 316°C / 10kg satisfies 55 g / 10min to 125 g / 10min.

[0059] Here, the full name of the melting index is the melt flow index, or melt flow index, and it is a numerical value that represents the fluidity of plastic materials during processing. It was established by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) based on the method used by DuPont to assess the properties of commonly used plastics. The test method involves first dissolving plastic particles in a plastic fluid, and then measuring the amount in grams (g) after it flows out through a circular pipe with a diameter of 2.1 mm within a certain time (10 min) at a certain temperature and pressure (the specifications vary depending on the material). A higher value indicates better processing fluidity of the plastic material, while a higher value indicates worse fluidity.

[0060] In any embodiment, the melting index of the polyphenylene sulfide resin at 316°C / 10kg can satisfy the range of 55 g / 10min, 60 g / 10min, 65 g / 10min, 70 g / 10min, 75 g / 10min, 80 g / 10min, 85 g / 10min, 90 g / 10min, 95 g / 10min, 100 g / 10min, 105 g / 10min, 110 g / 10min, 115 g / 10min, 120 g / 10min, 125 g / 10min, or any two of the above values. For example, the melting index of the polyphenylene sulfide resin at 316°C / 10kg can satisfy the range of 55 g / 10min to 100 g / 10min, 80 g / 10min to 110 g / 10min, or 100 g / 10min to 125 g / 10min. Within the above range, a relatively high melt index is advantageous in improving the fluidity of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and reducing the occurrence of issues such as material breakdown and unsmooth extrusion during the extrusion process, while a relatively low melt index is advantageous in improving the rigidity of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and enhancing the mechanical strength and size stability of the formed harmonica pipe.

[0061] In some embodiments, the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester includes one or more of ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate (E-GMA), ethylene-methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate ternary copolymer (E-MA-GMA), ethylene octene copolymer-grafted-glycidyl methacrylate (POE-GMA), and styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer-grafted-glycidyl methacrylate (SBS-GMA).

[0062] In the embodiments of this application, the copolymer of the olefin and glycidyl ester provided improves the toughness of the polyphenylene sulfide composition and reduces the occurrence of issues such as material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion process.

[0063] In some examples, the melting index of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester at 190°C / 2.16 kg satisfies 4 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min.

[0064] In any embodiment, the melting index of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester at 190°C / 2.16kg can satisfy the range of 4 g / 10min, 4.5 g / 10min, 5 g / 10min, 5.5 g / 10min, 6 g / 10min, 6.5 g / 10min, 7 g / 10min, 7.5 g / 10min, 8 g / 10min, 8.5 g / 10min, 9 g / 10min, 9.5 g / 10min, 10 g / 10min, or any two of the above values. For example, the melting index of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester at 190°C / 2.16kg can satisfy 4 g / 10min to 6 g / 10min, 6 g / 10min to 8 g / 10min, or 8 g / 10min to 10 g / 10min. Within the above range, a relatively high melt index is advantageous for improving the fluidity of the copolymer of olefin and glycidyl ester and for improving its affinity with the polyphenylene sulfide resin, while a relatively low melt index is advantageous for improving its ability to toughen the polyphenylene sulfide resin and for reducing the occurrence of issues such as material breakdown and unsuccessful extrusion in the extrusion process.

[0065] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composition further comprises an antioxidant.

[0066] Here, the antioxidant is an aid used to delay the oxidation process of polyphenylene sulfide resin in the manufacturing, processing, storage, and application processes of harmonica pipes.

[0067] In the embodiments of this application, the deterioration of the harmonica pipe is delayed by adding an antioxidant, thereby increasing the service life of the harmonica pipe.

[0068] In some examples, the polyphenylene sulfide composition further comprises 0.5 parts by weight or less of an antioxidant.

[0069] In any embodiment, the polyphenylene sulfide composition may further contain an antioxidant in the range of 0 parts by weight, 0.05 parts by weight, 0.10 parts by weight, 0.15 parts by weight, 0.20 parts by weight, 0.25 parts by weight, 0.30 parts by weight, 0.35 parts by weight, 0.40 parts by weight, 0.45 parts by weight, 0.50 parts by weight, or any two of the above values. For example, the polyphenylene sulfide composition may further contain an antioxidant in the range of 0 to 0.20 parts by weight, 0.20 to 0.50 parts by weight, or 0.30 to 0.45 parts by weight. Within the above range, a relatively small amount of antioxidant by weight is advantageous in improving the uniformity of the antioxidant distribution in the polyphenylene sulfide resin, reducing the raw material cost of the antioxidant, and decreasing resource loss and environmental pollution caused by the use of antioxidants, while a relatively large amount of antioxidant by weight is advantageous in slowing down the degradation process of the harmonica pipe and increasing the service life of the harmonica pipe.

[0070] In some embodiments, the polyphenylene sulfide composition further comprises 0.2 to 0.5 parts by weight of an antioxidant.

[0071] The embodiments of this application are advantageous in improving the uniformity of the distribution of antioxidants in the polyphenylene sulfide resin within the above range of parts by weight of the antioxidant, thereby delaying the degradation process of the harmonica pipe and increasing the service life of the harmonica pipe.

[0072] In some embodiments, the antioxidants include one or two of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine and tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite.

[0073] Here, N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine refers to antioxidant 1098, whose CAS number (Chemical Abstracts Service) is 23128-74-7. Tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite refers to antioxidant 168, whose CAS number is 31570-04-4.

[0074] Here, the antioxidant may consist only of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine, or only of tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite, or further of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine and tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite. In some examples, the weight ratio of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine to tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite may be 0 to 1:0 to 1. In some examples, the weight ratios of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine to tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite were 1:0, 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, 1:0.6, 1:0.7, 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1, 0:1, 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, The ratio may be 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, or within a range of any two of the above values. For example, the weight ratio of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine to tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite may be (0.4~0.6):(0.4~0.6), (0.6~0.8):(0.6~0.8), or (0.5~1):(0.1~0.4).

[0075] According to a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for manufacturing a harmonica pipe, and this method is To provide a manufactured polyphenylene sulfide composition, This includes molding a polyphenylene sulfide composition to obtain a harmonica pipe. Here, the polyphenylene sulfide composition comprises a polyphenylene sulfide resin and a toughening agent, the toughening agent comprising a copolymer of an olefin and a glycidyl ester.

[0076] In the embodiments of this application, harmonica pipes made of a polyphenylene sulfide composition material have good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance, which reduces the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process and is advantageous for improving production capacity and product quality.

[0077] In some embodiments, the step of molding the polyphenylene sulfide composition is: The process includes adding a polyphenylene sulfide composition to a twin-screw extruder and performing an extrusion molding process.

[0078] In some embodiments, a polyphenylene sulfide resin and a toughening agent are mixed to form a premix, which is then added to a twin-screw extruder for extrusion molding. The polyphenylene sulfide resin and the toughening agent can be added from different material feed ports, enter the screw, and form the premix. In some embodiments, the extrusion molding process parameters are set and adjusted accordingly based on the properties of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and the toughening agent.

[0079] The embodiment of this application involves manufacturing and forming harmonica pipes by an extrusion molding process, offering advantages such as continuous production and high efficiency.

[0080] In some embodiments, the ratio of the screw length to the diameter of a twin-screw extruder is 40, 48, or 64.

[0081] In some embodiments, two or more shear block regions and one reverse thread region are provided on the screw of a twin-screw extruder, allowing the material to be deposited more tightly and resulting in a better injection-molded appearance.

[0082] In some embodiments, the angle of the screw bonding block of a twin-screw extruder is 30°, 45°, 60°, and / or 90°, with the shear force increasing as the angle increases.

[0083] In some embodiments, the external cooling water temperature of the twin-screw extruder is 40°C to 60°C.

[0084] In some embodiments, the screw rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder is 300 rpm to 500 rpm. In any embodiment, the screw rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder may be in the range of 300 rpm, 350 rpm, 400 rpm, 450 rpm, 500 rpm, or any two of the above values. For example, the screw rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder may be 300 rpm to 400 rpm, 350 rpm to 450 rpm, or 400 rpm to 500 rpm. In the embodiments of this application, controlling the screw rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder is advantageous for improving the extrusion operation of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and toughening agent.

[0085] In some embodiments, the temperature zone settings for a twin-screw extruder include a first temperature zone of 100°C to 120°C, a second temperature zone of 280°C to 290°C, a third temperature zone of 290°C to 310°C, a fourth temperature zone of 300°C to 310°C, a fifth temperature zone of 290°C to 300°C, a sixth temperature zone of 290°C to 300°C, a seventh temperature zone of 300°C to 310°C, an eighth temperature zone of 300°C to 310°C, a ninth temperature zone of 290°C to 310°C, and a die head temperature of 300°C to 320°C.

[0086] In the embodiments of this application, by setting the extrusion process parameters as described above, the occurrence of issues such as material shortage and unsuccessful extrusion during the harmonica pipe formation process is reduced. The formed harmonica pipes have good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation, and creep resistance, reducing the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process, thereby improving production capacity and product quality.

[0087] According to a third aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a liquid cooling plate, the liquid cooling plate comprising a harmonica pipe manufactured by any one of the first aspects or by the manufacturing method of the second aspect.

[0088] Here, the liquid cooling plate is used to dissipate the heat generated in the high-temperature or rapid charging environment of the battery cell, reduce high-temperature alarms and safety accidents caused by heat accumulation in the battery module, maintain the battery cell in a relatively constant temperature operating environment, and extend the service life of the battery cell.

[0089] In the embodiments of this application, the provided liquid-cooled plate, when it includes a given harmonica pipe, has at least the same advantages as a harmonica pipe, possessing good mechanical strength, deformation resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, heat dissipation and creep resistance, reducing the risk of cracking when extruded during the process of use, and improving production capacity and product quality.

[0090] Referring to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle according to several embodiments of the present application, the vehicle 1000 may be a fuel oil vehicle, a gas vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a range extender vehicle. A battery 100 is installed inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 100 may be installed at the bottom, head, or tail of the vehicle 1000. The battery 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000, for example, the battery 100 can be the operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may further include a controller 200 and a motor 300, the controller 200 is used to control the battery 100 to power the motor 300, for example, to meet the operating power consumption requirements for starting the vehicle 1000, navigation, and driving.

[0091] In some embodiments of this application, the battery 100 can not only serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but can also serve as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, providing driving power to the vehicle 1000 in place of or in place of fuel oil or natural gas.

[0092] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application, and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a liquid cooling assembly according to some embodiments of the present application. The battery 100 includes one liquid cooling plate 30 according to any embodiment of the present application and at least two opposing battery cells 20, the liquid cooling plate 30 being installed between two adjacent battery cells 20. The liquid cooling plate 30 includes a harmonica pipe manufactured by one harmonica pipe according to any embodiment or by a manufacturing method according to a second embodiment, and a cooling medium filled inside the harmonica pipe. The battery 100 further includes a housing 10, the battery cells 20 being housed within the housing 10. Here, the housing 10 is used to provide housing space for the battery cells 20, and the housing 10 can employ various structures. In some embodiments, the housing 10 may include a first portion 11 and a second portion 12, the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 overlapping each other, and together defining a housing space for housing a battery cell 20. The second portion 12 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first portion 11 may be a plate-like structure, the first portion 11 overlapping the open side of the second portion 12, and together defining a housing space, the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may both be hollow structures with one end open, and the open side of the first portion 11 overlapping the open side of the second portion 12. Of course, the housing 10 formed by the first portion 11 and the second portion 12 may have various shapes, such as a cylinder or a rectangular parallelepiped. In battery 100, there may be multiple battery cells 20, and the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel, with series-parallel connection meaning that the multiple battery cells 20 may be connected in series or in parallel.

[0093] Multiple battery cells 20 may be directly connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel before the entire assembly of multiple battery cells 20 is housed in the housing 10. Alternatively, for the battery 100, multiple battery cells 20 may first be connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules may be further connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel to form a single whole, which is then housed in the housing 10. The battery 100 may further include other structures; for example, the battery 100 may further include busbar members used to realize electrical connections between multiple battery cells 20. Here, each battery cell 20 may be a secondary battery or a primary battery, and may further be a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or a magnesium-ion battery, but is not limited to these. The battery cell 20 may be cylindrical, flattened, rectangular, or have other shapes.

[0094] Referring to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery cell according to some embodiments of this application, the battery cell 20 refers to the smallest unit constituting the battery. As shown in Figure 4, the battery cell 20 includes an end cap 21, a case 22, an electrode assembly 23, and other functional components. The end cap 21 refers to a component that is placed over the opening of the case 22 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 20 from the external environment. Without particular limitation, the shape of the end cap 21 can be adapted to the shape of the case 22 and fitted to the case 22. Selectively, the end cap 21 can be manufactured from a material having a certain hardness and strength (e.g., an aluminum alloy), so that the end cap 21 is less likely to deform when pushed out and impacted, can give the battery cell 20 higher structural strength, and can also improve safety performance. Functional components such as electrode terminals 21a may be installed on the end cap 21. The electrode terminals 21a may be used to electrically connect to the electrode assembly 23, thereby used to output or input electrical energy to the battery cell 20. In some embodiments, a pressure relief mechanism may be further provided on the end cap 21 to release internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 20 reaches a threshold. The material of the end cap 21 may vary, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not particularly limited thereto. In some embodiments, an insulating member may be further provided inside the end cap 21, which may be used to isolate the end cap 21 from the electrical connection members in the case 22 and reduce the risk of short circuits. Exemplarily, the insulating member may be plastic, rubber, etc. The case 22 is an assembly that, in combination with the end cap 21, forms the internal environment of the battery cell 20, which may be used to house the electrode assembly 23, electrolyte, and other components. The case 22 and the end cap 21 may be independent components, or an opening may be provided on the case 22, and the internal environment of the battery cell 20 is formed by covering the end cap 21 with the opening.The end cap 21 and the case 22 may be integrated without particular limitation. Specifically, the end cap 21 and the case 22 may first form a common connection surface before other components enter the case, and then the case 22 may be placed over the end cap 21 if it is necessary to package the inside of the case 22. The case 22 may be of various shapes and sizes, for example, a rectangular parallelepiped, cylindrical, or hexagonal prism. Specifically, the shape of the case 22 may be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 23. The material of the case 22 may be various, for example, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or plastic, and the embodiments of this application are not particularly limited thereto. The electrode assembly 23 is a component that generates an electrochemical reaction in the battery cell 100. The case 22 may contain one or more electrode assemblies 23. The electrode assembly 23 is mainly formed by winding or stacking a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate and leaving them to stand, and generally a separator is provided between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The portions of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate that have active material constitute the main body of the electrode assembly, and the portions of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate that do not have active material each constitute the tabs 23a. The positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab may both be located at one end of the main body or at both ends of the main body, respectively. In the battery charging and discharging process, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs 23a are connected to the electrode terminals to form an electric current circuit.

[0095] The beneficial effects of this application will be further explained below, along with examples.

[0096] To clarify the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects that the embodiments of this application aim to solve, the embodiments will be described in more detail below, linking them with the drawings. Clearly, the embodiments described are only a selection of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. The description of at least one exemplary embodiment below is for illustrative purposes only and does not in any way impose any limitations on this application or its applications. All other embodiments derived from the embodiments of this application without requiring any creative effort by a person skilled in the art are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0097] The manufacturing raw materials used in each of the following examples and comparative examples are all commercially available unless the manufacturing process is specifically described.

[0098] 1. Harmonica pipe manufacturing: Example 1 9.5 kg of commercially available polyphenylene sulfide resin with a number-average molecular weight of 70,000 and a melting index of 100 g / 10 min at 316°C / 10 kg was added to the main feed of a twin-screw extruder. 0.5 kg of commercially available ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate with a melting index of 7 g / 10 min at 190°C / 2.16 kg was added to the screw via the side-feed material inlet. The mixture was melted and extruded to obtain a polyphenylene sulfide composition for harmonica pipes. The polyphenylene sulfide composition was then molded to obtain harmonica pipes. The molding process was melt extrusion, where the process parameters for melt extrusion were: first region temperature setting: 110°C, second region temperature setting: 285°C, third region temperature setting: 300°C, fourth region temperature setting: 305°C, fifth region temperature setting: 295°C, sixth region temperature setting: 295°C, seventh region temperature setting: 300°C, eighth region temperature setting: 300°C, ninth region temperature setting: 300°C, die head temperature setting: 310°C, and screw rotation speed: 400 rpm. The ratio L / D of screw length to diameter of the twin-screw extruder was 48. Two shear block regions and one reverse thread region were provided on the screw. The angle of the screw's adhesive block was 90° + 45°. For clarity, in this embodiment, the sum of the masses of the polyphenylene sulfide resin and ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate was 10 kg, where 0.1 kg was 1 part by weight. The specific target components for each example and comparative example are shown in detail in Table 1.

[0099] Examples 2-7 are similar to Example 1, the only difference being that the mass ratio of polyphenylene sulfide resin to ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate in the examples is different from that in Example 1. It should be explained that the sum of the masses of polyphenylene sulfide resin and ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate in Examples 2-7 is the same as the sum of the masses of polyphenylene sulfide resin and ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate in Example 1.

[0100] Examples 8-13 are similar to Example 4, the only difference being that the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin in the examples and the melting index at 316°C / 10kg are different from those in Example 4.

[0101] Examples 14-18 are similar to Example 4, the only difference being that the melting index of ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate at 190°C / 2.16 kg in the examples is different from that in Example 4.

[0102] Example 19 is similar to Example 4, the difference being that in this example, 0.2 parts (0.2 kg) of the antioxidant 1098(N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine, C 40 H 64 The addition of N2O4 is the result of this process.

[0103] Examples 20-21 are similar to Example 19, the difference being that the type and weight of the antioxidant added in each example differ from those in Example 19. It should be noted that the Chinese name for antioxidant 168 in Example 21 is tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite, and its molecular formula is C 42 H 63 It is O3P.

[0104] Examples 22-24 are similar to Example 4, the only difference being that the type of toughening agent added in these examples is different from that in Example 4.

[0105] 2. Testing the number-average molecular weight of polyphenylene sulfide resin: An osmometer comprising three parts—a measuring cell, a semipermeable membrane, and an osmotic pressure transducer—was employed to measure the number-average molecular weight of polyphenylene sulfide resin. The measuring cell was divided into two sections by a semipermeable membrane: the upper section, open to the outside world, contained the solution to be measured; the lower section, filled with a solvent and isolated from the outside world, provided a negative osmotic pressure corresponding to the osmotic concentration of the sample solution. A stainless steel diaphragm attached to the lower section of the measuring cell bent slightly due to the negative osmotic pressure. This bending motion was recorded by a pressure regulation system and converted into an electrical signal. The magnitude of this signal had a quantitative relationship with the solution's osmotic pressure. Three or more solutions of different concentrations were injected into the upper section of the measuring cell, and the numerical value π of the solvent column corresponding to the osmotic pressure of each solution, calculated at centimeter height, was obtained based on the number of divisions on the recording pen's recording paper. The measured π value was divided by the concentration C, and a graph was created for C using π / C to calculate the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin.

[0106] 3. Testing the sample: The harmonica pipes produced in each embodiment were fabricated into splines, with a spline length of 150 mm, an end width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 4 mm. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the splines were tested according to ISO 527-2:2012 "Tensile Tests of Plastics," the bending strength and flexural modulus of the splines were tested according to ISO 178:2019 "Tests of Bending Performance of Plastics," and the Izod notch impact strength of the splines was tested according to ISO 180 "Measurement of Impact Strength of Plastics." The samples were pre-dried at 75°C for 4 hours according to the standard test method for measuring plastic thermal conductivity using transient source technology of ASTM D5930-17, and then left in a test environment at a steady initial temperature. A radiation source was placed at the center of the sample to be tested, and this source probe could accurately record the temperature transient. The test apparatus was heated by a constant temperature variable using the heat source, and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the splines was calculated based on the relationship between the temperature variable and the polymer temperature transient. The test process for other embodiments was the same as described above.

[0107] [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2] [Table 1-3]

[0108] As can be seen from the results, Comparative Example 1, which did not have a toughening agent added, had a relatively low elongation at break and Izod notch impact strength. This made it prone to issues such as material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process, and increased the likelihood of cracking when the product was extruded during use. In contrast to Comparative Example 1, the elongation at break and Izod notch impact strength of the harmonica pipe material in Example 4 were both clearly higher. Furthermore, the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and thermal conductivity remained relatively high, reducing the occurrence of issues such as material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process, and lowering the risk of cracking when extruded during use, which is advantageous for improving production capacity and product quality.

[0109] Examples 1 to 7 show that when the mass ratio of the toughening agent to the polyphenylene sulfide resin is high, the elongation at break and Izod notch impact strength of the harmonica pipe material clearly increase, while the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and thermal conductivity decrease to a certain extent. Therefore, by controlling the mass ratio of the polyphenylene sulfide resin to the toughening agent, the occurrence of issues such as material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process can be reduced to a greater extent, the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process can be reduced, and production capacity and product quality can be improved.

[0110] Examples 4, 8-13 show that when the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin increases, the melt index decreases, and the elongation at break, Izod notch impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and thermal conductivity of the harmonica pipe material all clearly increase. Therefore, by controlling the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of material breakage and extrusion failures in the extrusion molding process to a greater extent, reduce the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process, and improve production capacity and product quality.

[0111] Examples 4, 14-18 show that when the melting index of the toughening agent is high, the elongation at break, Izod notch impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and thermal conductivity of the harmonica pipe material all fluctuate to a certain extent. Therefore, by controlling the melting index of the toughening agent, the occurrence of material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process can be reduced to a greater extent, the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process can be reduced, and production capacity and product quality can be improved.

[0112] As seen in Examples 4, 19-21, when other additives are added, the elongation at break, Izod notch impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and thermal conductivity of the harmonica pipe material all fluctuate to a certain extent. Therefore, by controlling the type of additive and the proportion of addition, the occurrence of material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion in the extrusion molding process can be reduced to a greater extent, the risk of cracking when extruded during use can be reduced, and production capacity and product quality can be improved.

[0113] As seen in Examples 4, 22-24, when using copolymers of other olefins and glycidyl esters, the elongation at break, Izod notch impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and thermal conductivity of the harmonica pipe material all fluctuate to a certain extent. Therefore, by controlling the type of copolymer of olefins and glycidyl esters, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of material breakage and unsuccessful extrusion during the extrusion molding process to a greater extent, reduce the risk of cracking when extruded during the usage process, and improve production capacity and product quality.

[0114] In some embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the presented systems, apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other ways. For example, the embodiments of the apparatus described above are illustrative only, and the divisions of units are merely logical functional divisions. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, for example, multiple units or assemblies may be combined or integrated with another system, or some features may be ignored or not implemented. Furthermore, the combinations or direct combinations or communication connections between those shown or discussed may be indirect combinations or communication connections by some interfaces, apparatuses or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or in other forms.

[0115] Furthermore, each functional unit in each embodiment of this application may be integrated into a single processing unit, each unit may exist physically independently, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware form or in the form of software functional units.

[0116] The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples of the present application and do not limit the scope of the patent. Equivalent structures or equivalent flow transformations performed using the specifications and drawings of this application, or those applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are all similarly included within the scope of the patent protection of this application. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0117] 1000-Vehicle, 100-Battery, 200-Controller, 300-Motor, 400-Battery Module, 10-Housing, 20-Battery Cell, 30-Liquid Cooling Plate, 11-First Part, 12-Second Part, 21-End Cap, 22-Case, 23-Electrode Assembly, 21a-Electrode Terminal, 23a-Tab, 401-End Plate, 402-Side Plate.

Claims

1. A harmonica pipe, wherein the material of the harmonica pipe comprises a polyphenylene sulfide composition, the polyphenylene sulfide composition comprises a polyphenylene sulfide resin and a toughening agent, and the toughening agent comprises a copolymer of an olefin and a glycidyl ester.

2. The harmonica pipe according to claim 1, wherein the number-average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000 or more.

3. The harmonica pipe according to claim 2, wherein the number average molecular weight of the polyphenylene sulfide resin is 50,000 to 10,000.

4. The harmonica pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the polyphenylene sulfide composition comprises 80 to 90 parts by weight of polyphenylene sulfide resin and 10 to 20 parts by weight of a toughening agent.

5. The harmonica pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the melting index of the polyphenylene sulfide resin at a temperature of 316°C / 10 kg satisfies 55 g / 10 min to 125 g / 10 min.

6. The harmonica pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the copolymer of the olefin and the glycidyl ester comprises one or more of ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate, ethylene-methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate ternary copolymer, ethylene octene copolymer-graft-glycidyl methacrylate, and styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer-graft-glycidyl methacrylate.

7. The harmonica pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the melting index of the copolymer of the olefin and the glycidyl ester at 190°C / 2.16 kg satisfies 4 g / 10 min to 10 g / 10 min.

8. The harmonica pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising an antioxidant in the polyphenylene sulfide composition.

9. The harmonica pipe according to claim 8, wherein the polyphenylene sulfide composition further comprises 0.5 parts by weight or less of an antioxidant.

10. The harmonica pipe according to claim 9, wherein the polyphenylene sulfide composition further comprises 0.2 to 0.5 parts by weight of an antioxidant.

11. The harmonica pipe according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the antioxidant comprises one or two of N,N'-bis-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl)hexanediamine and tris[2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl]phosphite.

12. A method for manufacturing harmonica pipes, To provide a polyphenylene sulfide composition, The process includes molding the aforementioned polyphenylene sulfide composition to obtain a harmonica pipe. Herein, the polyphenylene sulfide composition comprises a polyphenylene sulfide resin and a toughening agent, wherein the toughening agent comprises a copolymer of an olefin and a glycidyl ester, a method for producing a harmonica pipe.

13. The above step of molding the polyphenylene sulfide composition is, A method for manufacturing a harmonica pipe according to claim 12, comprising adding the polyphenylene sulfide composition to a twin-screw extruder and performing an extrusion molding process.

14. The screw rotation speed of the twin-screw extruder is 300 rpm to 500 rpm, and / or The method for manufacturing a harmonica pipe according to claim 13, wherein the temperature settings for the twin-screw extruder include a first temperature range of 100°C to 120°C, a second temperature range of 280°C to 290°C, a third temperature range of 290°C to 310°C, a fourth temperature range of 300°C to 310°C, a fifth temperature range of 290°C to 300°C, a sixth temperature range of 290°C to 300°C, a seventh temperature range of 300°C to 310°C, an eighth temperature range of 300°C to 310°C, a ninth temperature range of 290°C to 310°C, and a die head temperature of 300°C to 320°C.

15. A liquid cooling plate comprising a harmonica pipe according to any one of claims 1 to 11 or a harmonica pipe manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 12 to 14.

16. A battery comprising the liquid cooling plate described in claim 15.

17. A power-consuming device comprising the battery described in claim 16.

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