Surgical stapler with illumination

Abstract

A surgical instrument for treating tubular organs includes a shaft assembly, a stapling assembly, a trocar, and one or more light sources. The stapling assembly is disposed at the distal end of the shaft assembly and includes a circumferential wall having a distal edge that defines a staple line. The trocar is operably movable relative to the stapling assembly along its axis between an extended position and a retracted position. One or more light sources are for emitting light that can penetrate the wall of the tubular organ. In this way, by detecting the light that has penetrated the wall of the tubular organ, the user of the surgical instrument can locate the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both within the tubular organ.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Surgical Stapler with Lighting

Background Art

[0002] Cross - Reference to Related Applications This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 491,991, filed on March 24, 2023. The disclosure of this application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] Technical Field The present disclosure relates to a surgical stapler with lighting, and more particularly, to a circular and / or end - to - end anastomosis stapler with lighting for treating tubular organs.

[0004] Background Anastomotic leak (AL) is a life - threatening postoperative complication after colorectal surgery, and its incidence has not substantially decreased over the past 50 years despite advances in anastomotic techniques and perioperative care.

[0005] The circular staplers available today are not sufficiently easy to position, as evidenced by the high leak rate of colorectal anastomoses. Anastomotic leaks often constitute the most serious complications and have been reported to occur in 2.5 - 36% of surgical cases. These complications are associated with an increase in the length of stay (LOS), an increase in the re - operation rate, as well as an increase in morbidity and mortality. Due to the increased LOS and readmissions, the economic burden of these complications is significant.

[0006] Therefore, there is still a need for improved devices and methods that enable the positioning of devices within anatomical structures.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] overview This disclosure addresses these and other needs in the art by providing circular and / or end-to-end anastomotic surgical instruments that use light (e.g., white and / or near-infrared light) to better visualize the location of the intended staple line and trocar within a tubular organ (e.g., the rectum) before the staple is deployed.

[0008] In various embodiments, the Disclosure provides surgical instruments for treating tubular organs of a patient. The surgical instruments of the Disclosure include a shaft assembly, a stapling assembly, a trocar, and one or more light sources. The shaft assembly has a distal end and a proximal end. The stapling assembly is disposed at the distal end of the shaft assembly and includes a circumferential wall having a distal edge that defines a staple line. The trocar is disposed at the distal end of the shaft assembly and is operably movable relative to the stapling assembly along its axis between an extended position and a retracted position. When the trocar is in the extended position, the distal tip of the trocar is exposed distally to the distal edge of the stapling assembly. When the trocar is in the retracted position, the distal tip of the trocar is concealed proximal to the distal edge of the stapling assembly. One or more light sources are positioned in the trocar, stapling assembly, or both to emit light that can penetrate the wall of the patient's tubular organ, thereby allowing the user of the surgical instrument to locate the distal edge, or both, of the trocar, stapling assembly, or both, within the patient's tubular organ by detecting the light that has penetrated the wall of the tubular organ.

[0009] In some embodiments, the tubular organ is the patient's rectum or colon. In some embodiments, one or more light sources include at least one optical fiber, at least one LED, a polymer containing a near-infrared fluorescent material, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more light sources emits light in the near-infrared light range. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more light sources is operable to blink, change color, change intensity, or any combination thereof.

[0010] In some embodiments, at least one of one or more light sources is operable to emit light in any one of a plurality of wavelength ranges. In some such embodiments, the plurality of wavelength ranges include a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range. In some such embodiments, the first wavelength range is in the white light range and the second wavelength range is in the near-infrared light range.

[0011] In some embodiments, light transmitted through the wall of the patient's tubular organ is detected by a camera positioned outside the patient's tubular organ. In some such embodiments, the light detected by the camera is displayed to provide real-time visualization of where the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both are located within the patient's tubular organ.

[0012] In some embodiments, one or more light sources include multiple light sources, and the light sources of the multiple light sources are spaced apart at known intervals to function as markers for detection by a marker-based augmented reality system.

[0013] In some embodiments, the stapling assembly further includes an internal base located proximal to the distal edge and a recess collectively formed by the internal base and the circumferential sidewall. In some such embodiments, one or more light sources include at least one first light source, at least one second light source, at least one third light source, at least one fourth light source, at least one fifth light source, or any combination thereof. At least one first light source is disposed at the distal tip of the trocar. At least one second light source is disposed at the proximal base of the trocar. At least one third light source is disposed at the internal base of the stapling assembly. At least one fourth light source is disposed at the inner surface of the circumferential sidewall of the stapling assembly. At least one fifth light source is disposed at all circumferential outer surfaces of the stapling assembly.

[0014] In some embodiments, at least one first light source is different from at least one second light source, at least one third light source, at least one fourth light source, and / or at least one fifth light source. In some embodiments, at least one first light source includes a first light source located at the leading edge of the trocar. In some embodiments, at least one first light source, at least one second light source, or both are located inside the trocar.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least one third light source includes a plurality of third light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the stapler assembly on an internal base of the stapler assembly. In some such embodiments, each of the plurality of third light sources is radially elongated with respect to the axis of the stapler assembly. Alternatively, in some embodiments, at least one third light source consists of a single third light source. In some such embodiments, the single third light source is a ring surrounding the axis of the stapler assembly.

[0016] In some embodiments, the fourth light source comprises a plurality of fourth light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the stapler assembly on the inner surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapler assembly. In some such embodiments, each of the plurality of fourth light sources is elongated along the axis of the stapler assembly. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the fourth light source comprises a single fourth light. In some such embodiments, the single fourth light source is a ring surrounding the axis of the stapler assembly.

[0017] In some embodiments, at least one fifth light source includes a plurality of fifth light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the stapler assembly on the outer surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapler assembly. In some such embodiments, each of the plurality of fifth light sources is elongated along the axis of the stapler assembly. Alternatively, in some embodiments, at least one fifth light source consists of a single fifth light. In some such embodiments, the single fifth light source is a ring surrounding the axis of the stapler assembly.

[0018] In some embodiments, the trocar is made of a material that is transparent and / or translucent to light emitted by at least one first light source, at least one second light source, or both. In some such embodiments, the material is a medical-grade plastic. In some embodiments, the medical-grade plastic includes acrylic (PMMA), transparent sulfone polymer, polymethyl methacrylate, PVC, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, styrene methyl methacrylate, or ionomer resin.

[0019] In some embodiments, the surgical instrument further includes an anvil detachably attached to the trocar. In some such embodiments, when the anvil is properly attached to the trocar, at least one of one or more light sources changes color, changes intensity, flashes, or performs a combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more light sources include a light source at the distal tip of the trocar. In some such embodiments, the light source at the distal tip of the trocar is completely hidden by fully attaching the anvil to the trocar.

[0020] In some embodiments, the surgical instrument further includes a sensor and / or switch configured to detect the attachment of an anvil to a trocar.

[0021] In some embodiments, the surgical instrument further includes a handle assembly. The handle assembly is positioned at the proximal end of the shaft assembly to operate a stapling assembly, a trocar, one or more light sources, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the handle assembly includes a battery to power one or more light sources, to assist the operation of the stapling assembly, to assist the operation of the trocar, or to perform any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the handle assembly is electrically connected to a power outlet to power one or more light sources, to assist the operation of the stapling assembly, to assist the operation of the trocar, or to perform any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the handle assembly includes a rotatable knob connected to the trocar for extending and / or retracting the trocar.

[0022] In some embodiments, the operation of the stapling assembly, trocar, one or more light sources, or any combination thereof, is powered and / or automatic. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the operation of the stapling assembly, trocar, one or more light sources, or any combination thereof, is manual via a handle assembly.

[0023] In some embodiments, a stapling assembly, a trocar, and one or more light sources collectively form a stapler head. In some such embodiments, the stapler head is removablely attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly, disposable, or both.

[0024] In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for treating a patient's tubular organ. The method of the present disclosure comprises (A) inserting the stapler head of a surgical instrument into a first segment of a tubular organ. The stapler head of a surgical instrument comprises a stapling assembly, a trocar, and one or more light sources. The stapling assembly has a distal edge that defines a staple line. The trocar is operably movable relative to the stapling assembly along the axis of the stapling assembly. One or more light sources disposed in the trocar and / or the stapling assembly emit light that can penetrate the wall of the tubular organ.

[0025] The method also includes: (B) detecting light that has passed through the wall of the tubular organ to identify the position of the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both within the first segment of the tubular organ; (C) based on the detection in (B), determining whether the distal edge of the stapling assembly is positioned at the desired section of the first segment of the tubular organ; and (D) based on the determination in (C), moving the staple head of the surgical instrument until the distal edge of the stapling assembly is positioned at the desired section of the first segment of the tubular organ. In some embodiments, the detection in (B) includes (i) visualization by the user of the surgical instrument, (ii) detection by a laparoscope and / or a robotic camera, or both. In some embodiments, the camera is operable in a white light mode, a near-infrared mode, or both. In some embodiments, the light detected by the detection in (B) is displayed to provide a real-time visualization of where the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both are located within the patient's tubular organ.

[0026] In some embodiments, the method further includes (E) extending the trocar to puncture the desired section of the first segment of the tubular organ. In some such embodiments, the extension in (E) is achieved by rotating a knob of the handle assembly of the surgical instrument in a first direction.

[0027] In some embodiments, the method further includes (F) inserting an anvil into the second segment of the tubular organ. The anvil includes a connecting portion that projects proximally from the desired section of the second segment of the tubular organ. The insertion in (F) may be performed before the insertion in (A), simultaneously with the insertion in (A), or after the insertion in (A).

[0028] In some embodiments, the method further includes (G) attaching the connecting portion of the anvil to the trocar, at least partially assisted by light emitted from one or more light sources. In some such embodiments, when the connecting portion of the anvil is properly attached to the trocar, at least one of the one or more light sources changes color, changes intensity, flashes, or a combination thereof.

[0029] In some embodiments, the method further includes (H) retracting the anvil proximal toward the stapler head such that desired sections of the first and second segments of the tubular organ are adjacent to each other. In some such embodiments, the retraction (H) is achieved by rotating the knob in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0030] In some embodiments, the method further includes (I) stapling desired sections of the first and second segments of a tubular organ together with staples of a stapling assembly, (J) cutting desired sections of the first and second segments of the tubular organ adjacent to the staples, and (K) removing the stapler head and anvil of the surgical instrument from the tubular organ.

[0031] The apparatus and methods of this disclosure have other features and advantages, which will become apparent or be described in more detail from the accompanying drawings incorporated herein and the following detailed description which together illustrate the specific principles of the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

[0032] Brief explanation of the drawing The accompanying drawings incorporated herein and constituting part thereof illustrate one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with a detailed description, illustrate the principles and implementation forms of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. The accompanying drawings are not necessarily to scale. For example, certain design features of the present invention disclosed herein, including specific dimensions, orientations, positions, and shapes, are partially determined by the intended application and operating environment. Furthermore, the components shown in the figures can be combined in any useful number and combinations.

[0033] In the diagram: [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0034] [Figure 1A] This is a schematic perspective view showing exemplary surgical instruments according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 1B] This is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary use of the surgical instrument shown in Figure 1A according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head with the trocar in the extended position, according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B] Figure 2A shows an exemplary stapler head with the trocar in a retracted position, according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3A] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head with the trocar in the extended position, according to an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3B] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head with the trocar in the extended position, according to another alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3C] This is a schematic front view showing an exemplary stapler head according to yet another alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3D] This is a schematic front view showing an exemplary stapler head according to yet another alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3E]This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head with the trocar in a retracted position, according to yet another alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3F] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head with the trocar in a retracted position, according to yet another alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3G] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head with the trocar in a retracted position, according to yet another alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3H] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head with the trocar in a retracted position, according to yet another alternative exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4A] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head and anvil disengaged from each other according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4B] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head and anvil engaged with each other according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5A] This flowchart summarizes the methods according to several exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 5B] This flowchart summarizes the methods according to several exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] This is a schematic perspective view showing exemplary surgical instruments according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7] This is a schematic perspective view showing exemplary surgical instruments according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8A] This is a schematic diagram showing an exemplary lighting device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8B] Figure 8A is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of an exemplary lighting device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8C] Figure 8A is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of an exemplary lighting device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9A]This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9B] Figure 9A is a schematic exploded view showing an exemplary stapler head according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9C] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head of Figure 9A disengaged from the anvil, according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9D] This is a schematic perspective view showing an exemplary stapler head of Figure 9A engaged with an anvil, according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9E] This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an exemplary stapler head of Figure 9A engaged with an anvil, according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9F] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the exemplary lighting improvement achieved by the exemplary stapler head of Figure 9A according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9G] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the exemplary lighting improvement achieved by the exemplary stapler head of Figure 9A according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9H] This is a schematic diagram illustrating the exemplary lighting improvement achieved by the exemplary stapler head of Figure 9A according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 10A] This is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary lighting improvements according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 10B] This is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary lighting improvements according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 11A] This is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary lighting improvements according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 11B] This is a schematic diagram illustrating exemplary lighting improvements according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0035] Detailed explanation This disclosure provides circular and / or end-to-end anastomosis surgical instruments that use light (e.g., white and / or near-infrared light) to better visualize the intended staple line / plane and trocar position within a tubular organ (e.g., rectum) before the staples are deployed. In various embodiments, this disclosure uses light of one or more wavelength ranges (e.g., white and / or NIR wavelengths) positioned around the trocar and / or stapling assembly (e.g., around the circular staple line) to enhance the visibility of the stapler head and provide the surgeon with improved visual feedback. This allows the surgeon to precisely position the stapler head of the surgical instrument within the tubular organ and precisely deploy the trocar of the stapler head through the rectum. This thus enables a more consistent, reproducible, and standardized procedure for reducing leakage rates in colorectal anastomoses.

[0036] Referring here to the drawings, similar reference numerals throughout indicate similar elements, and Figures 1A and 1B show exemplary surgical instruments 100 according to several embodiments of the present disclosure. The surgical instruments 100 are configured to treat tubular organs of a patient. Examples of tubular organs include, but are not limited to, the rectum and colon.

[0037] The surgical instrument 100 includes a shaft assembly 110 and a stapler head 120. The shaft assembly 110 has a distal end 111 and a proximal end 112. The stapler head 120 is positioned at the distal end 111 of the shaft assembly 110 and is configured to operably support a circular staple cartridge (e.g., the circular staple cartridge 210 shown in Figure 2A). To treat a patient's tubular organ 160, the stapler head 120 is inserted into a segment 161 of the tubular organ 160 and then engaged with an anvil 130 positioned on another segment 162 of the tubular organ 160. After engaging the stapler head 120 with the anvil 130, the stapler head 120 can be operated to fire staples (e.g., staples 211 shown in Figure 2A) to suture segments 161 and 162 of the tubular organ 160 together.

[0038] In some embodiments, the stapler head 120 or one or more components of the stapler head 120 may be formed together with the distal end of the shaft assembly, permanently connected to the distal end of the shaft assembly, or detachably attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly. The stapler head 120 or one or more components of the stapler head 120 may be disposable or not.

[0039] Referring to Figures 2A and 2B, in various embodiments, the stapler head 120 includes a stapling assembly 220, a trocar 230, and one or more light sources 240. The stapling assembly 220 is configured to operably support a circular staple cartridge 210. The circular staple cartridge 210 may contain one, two, or three or more rows of staples 211 that are spaced circumferentially and / or staggered. The stapling assembly 220 may be formed with the distal end of the shaft assembly, may be permanently attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly, or may be detachably attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly. In embodiments where the stapling assembly 220 is detachably attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly, the stapling assembly 220 may be disposable or not.

[0040] In some embodiments, the stapling assembly 220 has a circumferential sidewall 221 having a distal edge 222 that defines a staple line / plane (e.g., a staple line / plane 170 shown in Figures 1A and 1B). In some embodiments, the stapling assembly 220 further includes an internal base 223 located proximal to the distal edge 222 (e.g., proximal to the distal edge 222). Collectively, the circumferential sidewall 221 and the internal base 223 form a recess 224, for example, a space within the stapling assembly 220 between the distal edge 222 and the internal base 223.

[0041] The trocar 230 is configured to puncture the tissue of a tubular organ and engage with the anvil 130. The trocar 230 is connected to and supported by the stapling assembly 220, the shaft assembly 110, or both the stapling assembly 220 and the shaft assembly 110. In some embodiments, the trocar 230 is operably movable relative to the stapling assembly 220 along the axis 225 of the stapling assembly 220 between the extended position shown in Figure 2A and the retracted position shown in Figure 2B (for example, it may be operable to move via the handle assembly 140). In some embodiments, the trocar 230 has a distal tip 231. When the trocar 230 is in the extended position, the distal tip 231 of the trocar 230 is exposed distally to the distal edge 222 of the stapling assembly 220, for example, the distal tip 231 of the trocar 230 is positioned distal to the distal edge 222 of the stapling assembly 220. When the trocar 230 is in the retracted position, the distal tip 231 of the trocar 230 is concealed proximally relative to the distal edge 222 of the stapling assembly 220, for example, the distal tip 231 of the trocar 230 is positioned proximally to the distal edge 222 of the stapling assembly 220. In some embodiments, when the trocar 230 is in the retracted position, the distal tip 231 of the trocar 230 is completely concealed within the stapling assembly 220 and / or the shaft assembly 110, for example, the distal tip 231 of the trocar 230 is positioned proximally to the internal base 223 of the stapling assembly 220.

[0042] One or more light sources 240 are positioned on the trocar 230, the stapling assembly 220, or both the trocar 230 and the stapling assembly 220 to facilitate visualization and precise positioning of the stapler head 120 in the tubular organ. For example, in some embodiments, one or more light sources 240 are configured to emit light that can penetrate the walls of the patient's tubular organ, such as the wall 163 of the tubular organ 160 shown in Figure 1B. This allows a user of the surgical instrument 100 (e.g., a surgeon) to locate the stapler head 120, including the trocar 230, the distal edge 222 of the stapling assembly 220, or both, within the patient's tubular organ 160 by visualizing and / or detecting the light that has penetrated the wall 163 of the tubular organ 160. Therefore, in colorectal surgery requiring anastomosis, the intended staple line / plane 170 (defined by the distal edge 222 of the stapling assembly 220) and the position of the trocar 230 are visible to the surgeon. Direct line of sight to the staple assembly allows the surgeon to accurately and precisely position the staple assembly within the tubular organ, avoiding inaccurate placement that could lead to leakage of the anastomosis and / or unnecessary additional resection of the intestine, as well as increased surgical time and increased surgeon stress.

[0043] One or more light sources 240 can be of various types, including but not limited to light-emitting diodes (LEDs), fiber optics, and fluorescent-embedded polymers. Individual light sources can be of the same or different types. For example, in one embodiment, each of the one or more light sources 240 is an LED. In another embodiment, each of the one or more light sources 240 is an optical fiber. In a further embodiment, each of the one or more light sources 240 is made of a fluorescent-embedded material, such as a polymer containing a near-infrared fluorescent material. In some embodiments, one or more light sources 240 include any combination of at least one optical fiber, at least one LED, and / or at least one light source made of a fluorescent-embedded material.

[0044] One or more light sources 240, or any individual light source within one or more light sources 240, may be operated to emit light in any desired range. The desired range of light may be broad or narrow. It may be a single continuous range or a combination of multiple ranges. For example, the desired range of light may include the near-infrared range, the visible light range (e.g., the white light range), the ultraviolet range, one or more target narrowbands, or any combination thereof. As used herein, the near-infrared range refers to the light range from about 600 nm to about 1300 nm. In some cases, the near-infrared range refers to the light range from about 600 nm to about 1100 nm or about 700 nm to about 1300 nm. The visible light range refers to the light range from about 400 nm to about 700 nm. In some cases, the visible light range refers to the light range from about 400 nm to about 650 nm. The ultraviolet range refers to the light range from about 10 nm to about 400 nm.

[0045] In some embodiments, one or more light sources 240 may emit light of various peak wavelengths to enhance visibility and communication. Light sources emitting light of different peak wavelengths from other light sources may be arranged in the trocar so that the user and / or camera can easily identify its appearance. One or more light sources 240 may also be configured to convey additional information to the user and / or camera by providing dynamic signals, such as flashing at specific intervals and / or changing intensity and / or wavelength.

[0046] In some embodiments, at least one of one or more light sources 240 emits light in the near-infrared range. Near-infrared light has an inherent transmittance that allows it to penetrate biological tissues. All biological tissues are composite structures that can absorb light of specific wavelengths. The chemical and physical properties of different molecules in biological tissues affect the amount and wavelength of light that can be absorbed by the tissue. In the visible light spectrum, light loss due to strong light absorption and scattering by hemoglobin molecules prevents visible light from penetrating beyond a few millimeters of tissue. The entire near-infrared spectrum is generally defined as light with wavelengths up to about 2500 nm. In the infrared spectrum above 1300 nm, infrared light transmission through tissue is limited to short distances because water present in the tissue absorbs a large amount of infrared light. In the near-infrared region from 700 nm to 1300 nm, most near-infrared light can penetrate several centimeters of biological tissue. This high transmittance window is caused by the absence of molecules that absorb near-infrared light in the 700 nm to 1300 nm range. Embodiments of this disclosure utilize the fact that this near-infrared energy spectrum can penetrate several centimeters of biological tissue, enabling transmitted illumination of organs during surgical procedures.

[0047] In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more light sources 240 is operable to emit light in any one of a plurality of wavelength ranges (e.g., visible light range, near-infrared light range, and / or ultraviolet light range). In some such embodiments, the plurality of wavelength ranges include a first wavelength range (e.g., visible light range) and a second wavelength range (e.g., near-infrared light range) that is different from the first wavelength range. In some such embodiments, the first wavelength range is in the white light range and the second wavelength range is in the near-infrared light range.

[0048] In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more light sources 240 is operable to change its state, for example, by flashing, changing color, changing intensity, etc. For example, in some embodiments, when the anvil 130 is properly aligned with or properly mounted to the trocar 230, at least one of the one or more light sources 240 can be operated to change its state, for example, by flashing and / or changing color. This indicates to the surgeon that the anvil 130 is properly aligned or mounted to the trocar 230 and that the anvil 130 and trocar 230 are ready to close. In some embodiments, sensors and / or switches are used to detect the alignment or mounting of the anvil 130 to the trocar 230. Examples of such sensors and / or switches include, but are not limited to, optical sensors, capacitive switches, or mechanical switches such as membrane switches or snap dome switches.

[0049] In some embodiments, light transmitted through the wall 163 of the patient's tubular organ 160 is detected by a camera 150 positioned outside the patient's tubular organ 160, as shown in Figure 1B. The camera 150 may be a component of a laparoscope or endoscope. In some embodiments, the light detected by the camera 150 is displayed (e.g., on a screen, display, etc.) to provide real-time visualization of where the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both are located within the patient's tubular organ.

[0050] One or more light sources 240 can include any suitable number of light sources and can be arranged in any suitable position. For example, in some embodiments, one or more light sources 240 may include at least one light source (referred to herein as at least one first light source and indicated as "241") arranged at the distal tip portion 231 of the trocar 230, at least one light source (referred to herein as at least a second light source and indicated as "242") arranged at the proximal base portion of the trocar 230, at least one light source (referred to herein as at least a third light source and indicated as "243") arranged at the internal base 223 of the stapling assembly, at least one fourth light source (referred to herein as at least a fourth light source and indicated as "244") arranged at the inner surface 226 of the circumferential side wall of the stapling assembly, at least one fifth light source (referred to herein as at least a fifth light source and indicated as "245") arranged at all circumferential outer surfaces 227 of the stapling assembly, or any combination thereof. One or more light sources 240 enhance the visualization of the stapler head, particularly the trocar and circular staple line, enabling the surgeon to precisely position the stapler head 120 within a tubular organ (e.g., the rectum) and precisely deploy the trocar 230 of the stapler head 120 through the rectum. If the light sources are located outside the stapler head, they may be positioned relative to the outer plane of the stapler head (e.g., the plane corresponding to the distal edge 222) to optimize the view of a surgical camera (e.g., a camera positioned outside the surgical field).

[0051] As a non-limiting example, Figures 2A and 2B show that one or more light sources 240 include a plurality of first light sources 241, a single second light source 242, and a plurality of fourth light sources 244. The first light sources 241 are disposed at the distal tip 231 of the trocar 230. The first light sources 241 may or may not be uniformly spaced along the trocar. In some embodiments, the first light sources 241 are spaced along the trocar at known intervals and may function as markers for detection by a marker-based augmented reality system. A single second light source 242 is disposed at the proximal base of the trocar 230. The fourth light source 244 is disposed on the inner surface 226 of the circumferential side wall 221 of the stapling assembly 220. The distribution of the fourth light source may be uniform or non-uniform. In some embodiments, the fourth light source 244 is circumferentially arranged on the inner surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapler assembly, around the axis 225 of the stapler assembly. In some such embodiments, the fourth light source 244 is distributed around the axis of the stapler assembly at known angular intervals. In some embodiments, at least one of the fourth light sources of a plurality of fourth light sources 244 is elongated along the axis of the stapler assembly. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of fourth light sources 244 is elongated along the axis of the stapler assembly.

[0052] As another non-limiting example, Figure 3A shows that one or more light sources 240 include a single first light source 241. The single first light source 241 may be elongated along at least a portion of the trocar 230. The elongated first light source may be an optical fiber and / or made of a fluorescent embedding material. In some embodiments, the elongated light source extends to the proximal base portion of the trocar and can therefore function as both a first and a second light source. In some embodiments, the distal tip 231 of the trocar 230 or a substantial portion (e.g., at least 50%) of the trocar 230 is made of a fluorescent embedding material and functions as a first and / or second light source.

[0053] As yet another non-limiting example, Figure 3B shows that one or more light sources 240 include a plurality of first light sources 241 and a plurality of second light sources 242. Collectively, the plurality of first light sources 241 and the plurality of second light sources 242 are spatially arranged over a substantial portion (e.g., at least 50%) of the trocar 230. The first and second light sources may be distributed uniformly or non-uniformly along the trocar. In some embodiments, the first and / or second light sources may be distributed along the trocar at known intervals and may function as markers for detection by a marker-based augmented reality system.

[0054] As yet another non-limiting example, Figure 3C shows that one or more light sources 240 include a plurality of third light sources 243 arranged circumferentially around the axis 225 of the stapler assembly on the internal base 223 of the stapler assembly. The third light sources 243 may be distributed uniformly or non-uniformly on the internal base 223 of the stapler assembly and may have any suitable shape and size. In some embodiments, each of the plurality of third light sources 243 is radially elongated with respect to the axis 225 of the stapler assembly.

[0055] As yet another non-limiting example, Figure 3D shows that one or more light sources 240 include a single third light source 243. The single third light source 243 may have any suitable shape and size and may or may not surround the axis 225 of the stapling assembly. In some embodiments, the single third light source 243 has a ring shape that surrounds the axis 225 of the stapling assembly.

[0056] As yet another non-limiting example, Figure 3E shows that one or more light sources 240 include a plurality of third light sources 243 and a plurality of fourth light sources 244. The third light sources 243 are circumferentially arranged around the axis 225 of the stapler assembly on the internal base 223 of the stapler assembly 220, and the fourth light sources 244 are arranged on the inner surface 226 of the circumferential side wall 221 of the stapler assembly 220.

[0057] As yet another non-limiting example, Figure 3F shows that one or more light sources 240 include a single fourth light source 244 disposed on the inner surface 226 of the circumferential side wall 221 of the stapling assembly 220. The single fourth light source 244 may have any suitable shape and size and may or may not surround the axis 225 of the stapling assembly. In some embodiments, the single fourth light source 244 has a ring shape that surrounds the axis 225 of the stapling assembly.

[0058] As yet another non-limiting example, Figure 3G shows that one or more light sources 240 include a single fourth light source 244 and a plurality of fifth light sources 245. The single fourth light source 244 is disposed on the inner surface 226 of the circumferential side wall 221 of the stapling assembly 220. The fifth light sources 245 are uniformly or non-uniformly disposed on the outer surface 227 of the circumferential side wall 221 of the stapling assembly 220. In some embodiments, the fourth light source 244 is disposed circumferentially around the axis 225 of the stapling assembly on the outer surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapling assembly. In some embodiments, the fifth light sources 245 are distributed around the axis 225 of the stapling assembly at known angular intervals and may function as markers for detection by a marker-based augmented reality system. In some embodiments, at least one of the plurality of fifth light sources 245 is elongated along the axis 225 of the stapling assembly. In some embodiments, each of the multiple fifth light sources 245 is elongated along the axis 225 of the stapling assembly.

[0059] As yet another non-limiting example, Figure 3H shows that one or more light sources 240 include a plurality of third light sources 243 arranged circumferentially around the axis 225 of the stapler assembly 220 on the internal base 223 of the stapler assembly 220. One or more sources 240 also include a plurality of fourth light sources 244 arranged on the inner surface 226 of the circumferential side wall 221 of the stapler assembly 220. One or more light sources 240 further include a single fifth light source 245 arranged on the outer surface 227 of the circumferential side wall 221 of the stapler assembly 220. The single fifth light source 245 may have any suitable shape and size and may or may not surround the axis 225 of the stapler assembly. In some embodiments, the single fifth light source 245 has a ring shape surrounding the axis 225 of the stapler assembly.

[0060] The single fifth light source 245 may be a standalone component. In some embodiments, the single fifth light source 245 may be adapted to be fixed to an existing device having components similar to the stapling assembly 220 in order to enable visualization and positioning of the existing device. The single fifth light source 245 may be a material in which one or more light sources are embedded and connectable to a power source. This makes it possible for a circular stapler of an existing device (e.g., without illumination) to have a basic light guide element.

[0061] Figures 2A to 3H show components having specific shapes, but it should be noted that these are examples and the present invention is not limited thereto. The stapler head of this disclosure may be configured with additional, optional, and / or alternative components that may have different shapes and / or sizes and may be positioned in different locations. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, or other additional / optional / alternative light sources may be mounted and operated independently of each other or in any suitable combination with each other. For example, the first light source may be mounted and operated independently of the second, third, fourth, fifth, or other additional / optional / alternative light sources. The first light source may also be mounted and operated together with the second, third, fourth, fifth, or other additional / optional / alternative light sources. Similarly, the second light source may be mounted and operated independently of or together with the first, third, fourth, fifth, or other additional / optional / alternative light sources. The third light source can be implemented and operated independently of, or in conjunction with, the first, second, fourth, fifth, or other additional / optional / alternative light sources. The fourth light source can be implemented independently of, or in conjunction with, the first, second, third, fifth, or other additional / optional / alternative light sources. The fifth light source can be implemented independently of, or in conjunction with, the first, second, third, fourth, or other additional / optional / alternative light sources.

[0062] Furthermore, each of the at least one first light source, at least one second light source, at least one third light source, at least one fourth light source, and at least one fifth light source may independently consist of a single first / second / third / fourth / fifth light source or may include multiple first / second / third / fourth / fifth light sources. The first, second, third, fourth, and / or fifth light sources may have any suitable shape and size, including, but not limited to, those shown in the figures. The first, second, third, fourth, and / or fifth light sources may emit light within any desired range.

[0063] Furthermore, the light source may be identical to the other light sources in terms of type, shape, size, color, etc. For example, the same LED may be used for both the first light source and the other light sources. The light source may also differ from the other light sources in terms of type, shape, size, color, etc. For example, the first light source may be an LED, and the other light source may be an optical fiber and / or a fluorescent-embedded polymer. Alternatively, the first light source may be an optical fiber or a fluorescent-embedded polymer, and the other light source may be an LED. The first light source may be an LED of a certain color, and the other light sources may be LEDs of different colors.

[0064] Referring to Figures 4A and 4B, in some embodiments, at least one first light source 241 includes a first light source (e.g., first light source 241-1) positioned at the very front of the trocar 230. The first light source at the very front of the trocar 230 is completely concealed by fully mounting the anvil 130 to the trocar 230. Note that while multiple first light sources 241 are shown, these are examples only and the disclosure is not limited thereto. At least one first light source 241 may include a single first light source that is elongated or not, as shown in Figure 3A. In embodiments in which at least one first light source 241 includes a single elongated first light source, at least a portion of the single elongated first light source positioned at the very front of the trocar 230 is completely concealed by fully mounting the anvil 130 to the trocar 230.

[0065] Typically, at least one first light source 241, at least one second light source 242, or both are disposed inside the trocar 230. In embodiments where at least one first light source 241 is implemented, the trocar 230 is generally made of a material that is transparent or translucent to the light emitted by at least one first light source 241. In embodiments where at least one second light source 242 is implemented, the trocar 230 is generally made of a material that is transparent or translucent to the light emitted by at least one second light source 242. In embodiments where at least one first and second light source is implemented, the trocar 230 is generally made of a material that is transparent or translucent to the light emitted by at least one first light source 241 and at least one second light source 242. In some embodiments, the trocar 230 is made of medical-grade plastic. Examples of such medical-grade plastics include, but are not limited to, acrylic (PMMA), clear sulfone polymers, polymethyl methacrylate, PVC, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, styrene methyl methacrylate, and ionomer resins.

[0066] Referring back to Figure 1A, in some embodiments, the stapler head 120 may be operably connected to a handle assembly 140 disposed at the proximal end 112 of the shaft assembly 110. In some such embodiments, the operation of the stapler head 120 may be performed via the handle assembly 140. For example, in some embodiments, the operation of the stapling assembly 220, the trocar 230, one or more light sources 240, or any combination thereof may be performed via the handle assembly 140.

[0067] The operation of the stapler head 120 via the handle assembly 140 may be manual, electric, or automatic. For example, in some embodiments, the handle assembly 140 includes a battery to power one or more light sources 240, to assist the operation of the stapling assembly 220, to assist the operation of the trocar 230, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the handle assembly 140 is electrically connected to a power outlet to power one or more light sources 240, to assist the operation of the stapling assembly 220, to assist the operation of the trocar 230, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the handle assembly 140 includes a rotatable knob 141 connected to the trocar 230 for extending or retracting the trocar 230.

[0068] In some embodiments, the positioning of the shaft assembly 110 is performed by operating the handle assembly 140. In some embodiments, one or more sources 240 include at least one LED light source. In some such embodiments, a battery may be housed in the handle assembly 140 to power the LED light source through wires included in the shaft assembly 110. In some embodiments, one or more sources 240 include at least one fiber optic light source. In some such embodiments, a plug for an external lightbox power supply may be attached to the handle assembly to power the fiber optic light source through fiber optic wires included in the shaft assembly 110. In some embodiments, one or more sources 240 include both LED and fiber optic light sources. In some such embodiments, a battery may be housed in the handle assembly 140 and / or a plug may be attached to the handle assembly to power both the LED and fiber optic light sources.

[0069] Referring to Figures 5A and 5B, flowcharts are shown illustrating exemplary methods 500 for treating a patient's tubular organs according to several embodiments of the present disclosure. In the flowcharts, preferred portions of the method are enclosed in solid lines, and additional, optional, and / or alternative portions of the method are enclosed in dashed lines. It should be noted that the processes disclosed herein and illustrated in the flowcharts may be performed in whole or in the order presented, but do not necessarily have to be performed in whole or in the order presented.

[0070] Referring to block 502, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (A) inserting the stapler head of a surgical instrument into a first segment of a tubular organ. For example, in some embodiments, method 500 treats a patient's tubular organ 160 using the surgical instrument 100 of the present disclosure. Method 500 includes inserting the stapler head 120 of the surgical instrument 100 into a first segment 161 of the tubular organ 160, as shown in Figure 1B. The stapler head 120 of the surgical instrument 100 includes a stapling assembly 220, a trocar 230, and one or more light sources 240. The stapling assembly 220 has a distal edge 222 that defines a staple line / plane 170. The trocar 230 is operably movable relative to the stapling assembly 220 along the axis 225 of the stapling assembly 220. One or more light sources 240 disposed in the trocar 230 and / or stapling assembly 220 emit light that can pass through the wall 163 of the tubular organ 160.

[0071] Referring to block 504, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (B) detecting light transmitted through the wall of a tubular organ to locate the position of a trocar, the distal edge of a stapling assembly, or both, within a first segment of the tubular organ. Detection (B) includes visualization by a user of a surgical instrument 100 (e.g., a surgeon), detection by a camera 150, or both. The camera 150 may be a laparoscope, endoscope, and / or robotic camera. The camera 150 may be capable of operating in a single mode or selectively in one of several modes. For example, in some embodiments, the camera 150 may be capable of operating in white light mode, near-infrared mode, or both. In some embodiments, the light detected in detection (B) is displayed (e.g., on a screen, on a display, etc.) to provide real-time visualization of where the trocar, the distal edge of a stapling assembly, or both are located within the patient's tubular organ.

[0072] Referring to blocks 506 and 508, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (C) determining, based on detection (B), whether the distal edge of the stapling assembly is positioned in a desired section of the first segment of the tubular organ. In some embodiments, method 500 includes (D) moving the stapler head of a surgical instrument until, based on determination (C), the distal edge of the stapling assembly is positioned in a desired section of the first segment of the tubular organ.

[0073] Referring to block 510, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (E) extending the trocar to puncture a desired section of a first segment of a tubular organ. In some embodiments, extension (E) is achieved by rotating the knob 141 of the handle assembly 140 of the surgical instrument 100 in a first direction (e.g., clockwise or counterclockwise).

[0074] Referring to block 512, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (F) inserting an anvil into a second segment of a tubular organ. For example, in some embodiments, method 500 includes inserting an anvil 130 of the present disclosure into a second segment 162 of a tubular organ, as shown in Figure 1B. In some embodiments, the anvil 130 includes a connecting portion 131 that can protrude proximally from a desired section of the second segment of the tubular organ. Insertion (F) can be performed before insertion (A), simultaneously with insertion (A), or after insertion (A).

[0075] Referring to block 512, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (G) attaching the connecting portion of the anvil to the trocar, at least partially assisted by light emitted from one or more light sources. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more light sources changes its state when the connecting portion 131 of the anvil is properly attached to the trocar. In some such embodiments, at least one light source changes its state by changing color, changing intensity, flashing, or any combination thereof. This indicates to the surgeon that the anvil 130 is properly aligned or attached to the trocar 230 and that the anvil 130 and trocar 230 are ready to close. In some embodiments, whether the connecting portion 131 of the anvil is properly attached to the trocar is detected by a sensor or switch.

[0076] Referring to block 514, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (H) retracting the anvil proximal toward the stapler head 120 such that desired sections of the first and second segments of the tubular organ are adjacent to each other. In some embodiments, retraction (H) is achieved by rotating the knob 141 in a second direction opposite to the first direction. In some embodiments, retraction (H) depends on the tissue thickness of the tubular organ.

[0077] Referring to block 516, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (I) stapling desired sections of first and second segments of a tubular organ together with staples of a stapling assembly. For example, in some embodiments, method includes using a handle assembly 140 to launch staples 211 in a stapling assembly 220 to staple first desired sections of first segment 161 and second segment 162 of a tubular organ 160.

[0078] Referring to blocks 518 and 520, in some embodiments, method 500 includes (J) cutting desired sections of first and second segments of a tubular organ adjacent to a staple, and (K) removing the stapler head and anvil of a surgical instrument from the tubular organ. In some embodiments, care is taken to ensure that the desired sections of first and second segments of the tubular organ are properly stapled together before cutting (J) and removal (K).

[0079] Figure 6 shows exemplary surgical instruments 600 according to several embodiments of the present invention. The surgical instruments 600 are similar to the surgical instruments 100 disclosed herein. For example, in some embodiments, the surgical instrument 600 includes a shaft assembly 110 having a distal end 111 and a proximal end 112. In some embodiments, the surgical instrument 600 also includes a stapler head 120 disposed at the distal end 111 of the shaft assembly 110 and configured to engage with an anvil 130. In some embodiments, the stapler head 120 is operably connected to a handle assembly 140 disposed at the proximal end 112 of the shaft assembly 110.

[0080] In some embodiments, the surgical instrument 600 includes one or more optical components 610 for transmitting light from the handle assembly 140 through the shaft assembly 110 to the stapler head 120 in order to illuminate the trocar 230 and / or the surgical work site. The optical components 610 may be optical fibers, fiber optic cables, light pipes, etc. Optical fibers may be made of glass or plastic and are typically flexible. Fiber optic cables may contain varying numbers of glass fibers, from a few to several hundred. Light pipes may be made of metal or plastic and can be rigid (e.g., a solid transparent plastic rod) or flexible (e.g., similar to optical fibers). Light pipes are sometimes called homogenizing rods, light guides, homogenizers, or optical funnels.

[0081] In exemplary embodiments, a single optical component (e.g., a single optical fiber or a single light pipe) is used to transmit light. In some embodiments, multiple optical components are used to transmit light. In such embodiments, the multiple optical components may be bundled together or separated from each other. In some embodiments, the distal end of the optical component 610 may be positioned to generate a desired pattern of light delivered around the stapler head 120 and / or trocar 230. Non-limiting examples of desired patterns include, but are not limited to, circles, crosshairs, etc. In some embodiments, the distal end of the optical component 610 may be positioned on the internal base 223 of the stapling assembly 220 to generate a pattern of light similar to that of the light source 240 (243) shown in Figures 3C and 3D. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The distal end of the optical component 610 may be positioned in other locations and / or to generate other desired patterns of light.

[0082] The optical component 610 may be connected to an internal light source 620 powered by an internal power supply 630, the internal power supply may be housed in the handle assembly 140 or be detachable from the handle assembly 140. The internal power supply 630 may include a rechargeable battery or a rechargeable battery pack.

[0083] The optical component 610 may extend longitudinally along at least a portion of the length of the shaft assembly 110. The optical component 610 may be held by optical connectors, clips, ferrules, sleeves, optical cable assemblies, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the optical component 610 may be guided by channels cut into existing components of the shaft assembly 110 and / or the stapler head 120, such as components for moving the trocar 230 forward and backward.

[0084] Figure 7 shows exemplary surgical instruments 700 according to several embodiments of the present invention. The surgical instrument 700 is substantially the same as the surgical instrument 600 disclosed herein, except that the optical component 610 (e.g., optical fiber or light pipe) of the exemplary surgical instrument 700 is connected to an external light source 720 (e.g., not housed in the handle assembly 140). The optical component 610 of the exemplary surgical instrument 700 may be connected to the external light source 720 using a cable or wire 710, etc. In some embodiments, the external light source 720 is powered by an external power source 730, which may include a rechargeable battery, a rechargeable battery pack, and / or a commercial power supply.

[0085] Figure 8A shows an exemplary illumination device 800 according to several embodiments of the present invention. The illumination device 800 includes a ring 810 configured to fit around a surgical instrument. Figures 8B and 8C show the ring 810 fitted around the stapler head 120 of a surgical instrument disclosed herein, but it should be noted that this is an example and not limiting. The ring 810 of the illumination device may be configured to fit around the surgical instruments disclosed herein and / or any other commercially available surgical instruments (e.g., a commercially available stapler).

[0086] In some embodiments, the ring 810 is flexible (e.g., deformable, stretchable, bendable, etc.). In some embodiments, the ring 810 is made of a biocompatible, flexible, and durable material. Non-limiting examples of such materials include, but are not limited to, silicone, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and polyurethane. In some embodiments, the ring 810 is configured to fit around the stapler head of a surgical instrument (which may be a surgical instrument disclosed herein and / or other commercially available surgical instrument) having an outer diameter in the range of about 16 mm to about 34 mm. In exemplary embodiments, the ring 810 is configured to fit around a stapler head having an outer diameter in the range of about 15 mm to about 25 mm, about 20 mm to about 30 mm, or about 25 mm to about 35 mm.

[0087] The lighting device 800 also includes one or more light sources, such as light sources 240 (245) embedded in the ring 810. In exemplary embodiments, the lighting device 800 includes a single light source (e.g., a single LED). In some embodiments, the lighting device 800 includes multiple light sources distributed along the ring 810 to improve and / or maximize visibility. The distribution of light sources may be uniform or non-uniform around the ring 810. In some embodiments, the lighting device 800 includes at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, or at least 10 light sources. In exemplary embodiments, the lighting device 800 includes up to 12 light sources.

[0088] In some embodiments, the ring 810 (or a light source embedded in the ring) is connected to a power supply 830, for example, via a wire or cable 820. The power supply 830 is configured to power the light source mounted or embedded in the ring 810. The power supply 830 may be internal (e.g., housed in the handle assembly), external (e.g., outside the handle assembly), or removable. When the ring 810 is fitted around a stapler head (e.g., stapler head 120 shown in Figure 8C) and the power supply 830 is turned on, the light source mounted or embedded in the ring 810 emits light to illuminate the trocar of the stapler head (e.g., the trocar 230 of stapler head 120 shown in Figure 8C) and / or adjacent areas (e.g., the work area during surgery).

[0089] In some embodiments, the lighting device 800 includes one or more mechanisms configured to secure the ring 810 to the outside of a stapler head (e.g., stapler head 120 shown in Figure 8C) and to prevent it from accidentally coming off during operation. One or more mechanisms may include a friction surface formed on the ring 810 and / or the stapler head, elasticity of the ring 810, an interlocking mechanism between the ring 810 and the stapler head, an adhesive, a tensioning device, an external support, or any combination thereof. The friction surface may be a textured and / or rough surface to increase friction between the ring 810 and the stapler head. Elasticity may be achieved and / or improved by selecting a suitable elastic material for the ring 810, thereby allowing it to stretch slightly and fit snugly around the stapler head. The interlocking mechanism may be implemented by forming projections and / or grooves on the ring 810 to grip the stapler head. The adhesive may be a non-toxic, medical-grade adhesive that can be applied to the inner surface of the ring 810 to help it adhere to the stapler head. The tensioning device may be a screw, spring, bias, etc., which can be used to apply tension to the ring 810 relative to the stapler head, thereby holding the ring 810 in place. The external support may be a strap, clip, etc., which can be used to hold the ring 810 in place on the stapler head.

[0090] Figures 9A and 9B show stapler heads 900 according to several embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, the stapler head 900 or one or more components of the stapler head 900 may be formed together with the distal end of a shaft assembly (e.g., shaft assembly 110), permanently connected to the distal end of the shaft assembly, or detachably attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly. For example, in some embodiments, the stapler head 900 includes a crimp 910 configured for attaching the stapler head 900 to the distal end of a shaft assembly (e.g., shaft assembly 110) and / or for other functions. The stapler head 900 or one or more components of the stapler head 900 may be disposable or not.

[0091] In some embodiments, the stapler head 900 is configured to engage with an anvil (e.g., anvil 130), as shown in Figures 9C to 9E. Like the stapler head 120 disclosed herein, the stapler head 900 can operate to fire staples (e.g., staple 211 shown in Figure 2A) to suture segments of a tubular organ (e.g., segments 161 and 162 of the tubular organ 160) together.

[0092] The stapler head 900 includes a stapler assembly 920 which may be substantially the same as or similarly configured as the stapler assembly 220 disclosed herein. For example, the stapler assembly 920 may be configured to operably support a circular staple cartridge 210, may be formed together with the distal end of a shaft assembly (e.g., shaft assembly 110), may be permanently connected to the distal end of the shaft assembly, or may be detachably attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly. In embodiments in which the stapler assembly 920 is detachably attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly, the stapler assembly 920 may be disposable or not.

[0093] In some embodiments, the stapling assembly 920 has a circumferential sidewall 921 having a distal edge 922 that defines a staple line / plane (e.g., a staple line / plane 170 shown in Figures 1A and 1B). In some embodiments, the stapling assembly 920 further includes an internal base 923, as shown in Figure 9E. The internal base 923 is located proximal to the distal edge 922 (e.g., proximal to the distal edge 922). In some embodiments, the stapling assembly 920 further includes a tubular channel 926 coaxial with the circumferential sidewall 921. Collectively, the circumferential sidewall 921, the internal base 923, and the tubular channel 926 form a recess 924 (e.g., space) within the stapling assembly 920 between the distal edge 922 and the internal base 923.

[0094] In some embodiments, the stapler head 900 includes a trocar 930 configured to puncture tissue of a tubular organ and engage with an anvil (anvil 130). The trocar 930 may be substantially the same as or similar to the trocar 230 disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the trocar 930 is connected to and supported by the stapling assembly 920 and / or other components. For example, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the trocar is disposed within a crimp 910 and a tubular channel 926 and supported by them. In some embodiments, the trocar 930 is operably movable relative to the stapling assembly 920 along the axis 925 of the stapling assembly 920 between an extended position and a retracted position (for example, it may operate to move via a handle assembly 140). In some embodiments, the crimp 910 and / or the tubular channel 926 are configured to guide the axial movement of the trocar 930. In some embodiments, the trocar 930 has a distal tip 931. When the trocar 930 is in the extended position, the distal tip 931 of the trocar 930 is exposed distally to the distal edge 922 of the stapling assembly 920, for example, the distal tip 931 of the trocar 930 is positioned distal to the distal edge 922 of the stapling assembly 920. When the trocar 930 is in the retracted position, the distal tip 931 of the trocar 930 is hidden proximal to the distal edge 922 of the stapling assembly 920, for example, the distal tip 931 of the trocar 930 is positioned proximal to the distal edge 922 of the stapling assembly 920.

[0095] In some embodiments, the stapler head 900 includes a tubular cutter 940 disposed in a recess 924 of the stapler assembly 920 and configured to cut tissue during operation. The tubular cutter 940 is operably movable relative to the stapler assembly 920 along the axis 925 of the stapler assembly 920 (for example, it can be operated to move via the handle assembly 140). The tubular cutter 940 may be circular and coaxial with the stapler assembly 920. The length of the tubular cutter 940 (e.g., axial dimension) may range from about 1 centimeter (cm) to about 2 cm, about 1.5 cm to about 2.5 cm, or about 2 cm to about 3 cm. The maximum distance the tubular cutter 940 can be moved may be up to 3 cm, up to 3.5 cm, or up to 4 cm.

[0096] In some embodiments, the stapler head 900 includes an illumination piece 950 disposed in a recess 924 of the stapler assembly 920 and configured to provide illumination to a desired object or location (e.g., trocar, anvil, work area). The illumination piece 950 includes one or more light sources 954, which may be the same as any light source 240 disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the illumination piece 950 includes one or more segments 952 positioned at an oblique angle to a specific reference, such as a staple line / plane defined by the axis 925 of the stapler assembly 920, the internal base 923, and / or the distal edge 922 of the stapler assembly 920. One or more light sources 954 are disposed in one or more segments 952. This makes it possible to position one or more light sources 954 at an oblique angle to a specific reference, as shown in Figure 9F, so that the light 970 emitted from one or more light sources 954 can be more effectively directed to the target object and / or desired area (e.g., anvil 130 and / or work area). In some embodiments, the illuminating piece 950 includes three inclined segments 952, each having a light source 954, as shown in Figure 9B. However, it should be noted that this is an example and not limiting. The illuminating piece 950 may have other shapes and may have any suitable number of inclined segments and any suitable number of light sources. The illuminating piece 950 may be rigid or flexible. In some embodiments, the illuminating piece 950 is made of silicone, polyimide, or other flexible material, with circuits embedded in the flexible material to transmit power to one or more light sources 954. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the illuminating piece 950 does not include one or more light sources 954 but is configured to power one or more light sources (e.g., LEDs) disposed at other locations (e.g., the stapling assembly 920 or frame 960).

[0097] In some embodiments, the stapler head 900 includes a frame 960 disposed within a recess 924 of the stapler assembly 920 and distal to the illuminating piece 950 (for example, between the distal edge 922 of the stapler assembly 920 and the illuminating piece 950, as shown in Figure 9E). The frame 960 includes one or more guides 962 (e.g., holes, channels, slots, transparent films) corresponding to one or more light sources 954. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 9B, the frame 960 includes three guides 962, one for each light source 954. One or more guides 962 are at an oblique angle to a specific reference point, such as a staple line / plane defined by the axis 925 of the stapler assembly 920, the internal base 923, and / or the distal edge 922 of the stapler assembly 920. One or more guides 962 are configured to direct light emitted from one or more light sources 954 towards a target object and / or a desired area (e.g., an anvil 130 and / or work area), as shown in Figures 9G and 9H. In some embodiments, the frame 960 is configured to mount one or more light sources 954 and / or illuminating pieces 940 such that each light source is adjacent to the corresponding guide 962.

[0098] The frame 960 may be made of stainless steel, ceramic, or a polymer such as PEEK, UHMWPE, polycarbonate, or a PC-ABS blend. The frame 960 may also function as a structure for mounting one or more light sources 954 and / or illuminating pieces 950. In some embodiments, the frame may be configured to allow adjustment of the vertical position and angle of one or more light sources 954 to optimize and / or achieve desired illumination (e.g., pattern and / or intensity of light 970) at a desired position (e.g., on the staple plane). The adjustment may be performed during the manufacture of the device or before / during the surgical operation. In some embodiments, the vertical position and angle of one or more light sources 954 may be adjusted via the illuminating pieces 950 and / or the frame 960 to create various patterns on the staple plane, such as spotlights, crosshairs, targets, rings, or bullseyes. In some embodiments, the vertical position and angle of one or more light sources 954 may be adjusted via the illumination piece 950 and / or frame 960 to optimize the view of the work area for a surgical camera positioned outside the surgical field. In some embodiments, the vertical position and angle of one or more light sources 954 may be adjusted to optimize and / or maximize the light 970 emanating from the stapler head 900, thereby improving illumination of the target object / part and / or visualization of the target object / part.

[0099] Figures 10A and 10B illustrate exemplary mechanisms for optimizing and / or maximizing the visibility of light emanating from a stapler head 1000 according to several embodiments of the present invention. The stapler head 1000 includes one or more light sources 1010 positioned within the stapler head 1000 at a vertical position "L" relative to an internal base 1023. The vertical position of one or more light sources 1010 may be adjusted to optimize and / or maximize the light 1012 emanating from the stapler head 1000, thereby improving illumination of a target object / part and / or visualization of the target object / part. The adjustment may be performed during the manufacture of the device or before / during the surgical procedure.

[0100] One or more light sources 1010 may be positioned to limit the field of view of the light so as to focus the emitted light onto a specific location (e.g., a specific spot within the staple plane 1022). One or more light sources 1010 may be used together to create a specific light pattern and / or visual image, such as a spotlight on a trocar, a crosshair pattern indicating the position of the trocar in the center, and / or a ring of light just inside the staple lines. In some embodiments, the wavelength and / or intensity of one or more light sources may be varied to help create and / or control the light pattern and / or visual image.

[0101] Figures 11A to 10B illustrate exemplary mechanisms for optimizing and / or maximizing the visibility of light emanating from a stapler head 1100 according to several embodiments of the present invention. The stapler head 1100 includes one or more light sources 1110 positioned on an internal base 1123 at an angle to the internal base 1123. The angle may be adjusted to optimize and / or maximize the light 1112 emanating from the stapler head 1100, thereby improving illumination of a target object / part and / or visualization of the target object / part. The adjustment may be performed during the manufacture of the device or before / during the surgical procedure.

[0102] One or more light sources 1110 may be positioned to limit the field of view of the light so as to focus the emitted light onto a specific location (e.g., a specific spot within the staple plane 1122). One or more light sources 1110 may be used together to create a specific light pattern and / or visual image, such as a spotlight on a trocar, a crosshair pattern indicating the position of the trocar in the center, and / or a ring of light just inside the staple lines. In some embodiments, the wavelength and / or intensity of one or more light sources may be varied to help create and / or control the light pattern and / or visual image.

[0103] The surgical instruments and methods of this disclosure offer advantages over existing devices. By using light of one or more wavelength ranges (e.g., white light and / or NIR wavelengths) positioned around the trocar and / or stapling assembly (e.g., around the circular staple line), the surgical instruments and methods of this disclosure enhance the visibility of the intended staple line / plane and trocar within the tubular organ. This allows the surgeon to precisely position the stapler head of the surgical instrument within the tubular organ and precisely deploy the trocar of the stapler head through the rectum. This, in turn, enables a more consistent, reproducible, and standardized procedure for reducing leakage rates in colorectal anastomoses.

[0104] Examples of subject matter as clauses Various examples of the nature of this disclosure are described for convenience as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.). These are provided as examples and are not intended to limit the subject art.

[0105] Clause 1. A surgical instrument for treating a patient's tubular organ, the surgical instrument comprising: a shaft assembly having a distal end and a proximal end; a stapling assembly disposed at the distal end of the shaft assembly and having a circumferential wall having a distal edge defining a staple line; a trocar disposed at the distal end of the shaft assembly and operably movable relative to the stapling assembly along the axis of the stapling assembly between an extended position and a retracted position, wherein the distal tip of the trocar is exposed distally to the distal edge of the stapling assembly when the trocar is in the extended position and is concealed proximal to the distal edge of the stapling assembly when the trocar is in the retracted position; and one or more light sources disposed in the trocar, the stapling assembly, or both to emit light that can penetrate the wall of the patient's tubular organ, thereby enabling a user of the surgical instrument to locate the position of the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both within the patient's tubular organ by detecting the light that has penetrated the wall of the tubular organ.

[0106] Clause 2. The surgical instrument described in Clause 1, wherein the tubular organ is the patient's rectum or colon. A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein one or more light sources include at least one optical fiber, at least one LED, a polymer containing a near-infrared fluorescent material, or any combination thereof.

[0107] Clause 4. A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein at least one of one or more light sources emits light in the near-infrared range.

[0108] Clause 5. A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein at least one of one or more light sources is operable to emit light from any one of a plurality of wavelength ranges.

[0109] Clause 6. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 5, wherein the multiple wavelength ranges include a first wavelength range and a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range.

[0110] Clause 7. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 6, wherein the first wavelength range is in the white light range and the second wavelength range is in the near-infrared light range.

[0111] A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein at least one of one or more light sources is operable to flash, change color, change intensity, or any combination thereof.

[0112] Clause 9. A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein light transmitted through the wall of the patient's tubular organ is detected by a camera positioned outside the patient's tubular organ.

[0113] Clause 10. The surgical instrument described in Clause 9, wherein light detected by the camera is displayed to provide real-time visualization of where the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both are located within the patient's tubular organ.

[0114] Clause 11. A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein one or more light sources include multiple light sources, and the light sources of the multiple light sources are spaced apart at known intervals to serve as markers for detection by a marker-based augmented reality system.

[0115] Clause 12. A surgical instrument according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the stapling assembly further comprises an internal base located away from the distal edge in the proximal direction, and a recess collectively formed by the internal base and the circumferential wall, and one or more light sources include at least one first light source disposed at the distal tip of the trocar, at least one second light source disposed at the proximal base of the trocar, at least one third light source disposed at the internal base of the stapling assembly, at least one fourth light source disposed at the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the stapling assembly, at least one fifth light source disposed at all circumferential outer surfaces of the stapling assembly, or any combination thereof.

[0116] Clause 13. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 12, wherein at least one first light source is different from at least one second light source, at least one third light source, at least one fourth light source, or at least one fifth light source.

[0117] Clause 14. A surgical instrument according to any one of Clauses 12 to 13, wherein at least one first light source includes a first light source positioned at the front of the trocar.

[0118] Clause 15. A surgical instrument as described in any one of Clauses 12 to 14, wherein the trocar is made of a material that is transparent or translucent to light emitted by at least one first light source, at least one second light source, or both.

[0119] Clause 16. Surgical instruments as described in Clause 15, whose material is medical-grade plastic. Clause 17. Surgical instruments as described in Clause 16, wherein the medical-grade plastic includes acrylic (PMMA), clear sulfone polymer, polymethyl methacrylate, PVC, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, styrene methyl methacrylate, or ionomer resin.

[0120] Clause 18. A surgical instrument according to any one of Clauses 15 to 17, wherein at least one first light source, at least one second light source, or both are disposed inside the trocar.

[0121] Clause 19. A surgical instrument according to any one of Clauses 12 to 18, wherein at least one third light source comprises a plurality of third light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the fastening assembly on an internal base of the fastening assembly.

[0122] Clause 20. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 19, wherein each of the multiple third light sources is radially elongated with respect to the axis of the stapling assembly.

[0123] Clause 21. A surgical instrument as described in any one of Clauses 12 to 18, wherein at least one third light source consists of a single third light source.

[0124] Clause 22. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 21, wherein a single third light source is a ring surrounding the axis of the stapling assembly.

[0125] Clause 23. A surgical instrument according to any one of Clauses 12 to 22, wherein at least one fourth light source comprises a plurality of fourth light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the stapling assembly on the inner surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapling assembly.

[0126] Clause 24. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 23, wherein each of the multiple fourth light sources is elongated along the axis of the stapling assembly.

[0127] Clause 25. A surgical instrument as described in any one of Clauses 12 to 22, wherein at least one fourth light source consists of a single fourth light.

[0128] Clause 26. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 25, wherein a single fourth light source is a ring surrounding the axis of the stapling assembly.

[0129] Clause 27. A surgical instrument according to any one of Clauses 12 to 26, wherein at least one fifth light source comprises a plurality of fifth light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the stapler assembly on the outer surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapler assembly.

[0130] Clause 28. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 27, wherein each of the multiple fifth light sources is elongated along the axis of the stapling assembly.

[0131] Clause 29. A surgical instrument according to any one of Clauses 12 to 26, wherein at least one fifth light source consists of a single fifth light.

[0132] Clause 30. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 29, wherein a single fifth light source is a ring surrounding the axis of the stapling assembly.

[0133] Clause 31. A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, further comprising an anvil detachably attached to a trocar.

[0134] Clause 32. The surgical instrument described in Clause 31, wherein, when the anvil is properly mounted to the trocar, at least one of one or more light sources changes color, changes intensity, flashes, or performs a combination thereof.

[0135] Clause 33. The surgical instrument described in Clause 32, further comprising a sensor or switch configured to detect the attachment of an anvil to a trocar.

[0136] A surgical instrument as described in any one of Clauses 31 to 33, wherein one or more light sources include a light source at the distal tip of the trocar, and the light source at the distal tip of the trocar is completely concealed by fully attaching the anvil to the trocar.

[0137] Clause 35. A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, further comprising a handle assembly disposed at the proximal end of a shaft assembly for operating a stapling assembly, a trocar, one or more light sources, or any combination thereof.

[0138] Clause 36. Surgical instruments as described in Clause 35, wherein the operation of a stapling assembly, trocar, one or more light sources, or any combination thereof, is powered or automatic.

[0139] Clause 37. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 36, wherein the handle assembly is equipped with a battery for powering one or more light sources, assisting the operation of a stapling assembly, assisting the operation of a trocar, or any combination thereof.

[0140] Clause 38. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 37, wherein the handle assembly is electrically connected to a power outlet to power one or more light sources, to assist the operation of a stapling assembly, to assist the operation of a trocar, or to perform any combination thereof.

[0141] Clause 39. Surgical instruments as described in Clause 35, in which the operation of a stapling assembly, trocar, one or more light sources, or any combination thereof, is manual via a handle assembly.

[0142] Clause 40. A surgical instrument as described in any one of Clauses 35 to 39, wherein the handle assembly comprises a rotatable knob connected to the trocar for extending or retracting the trocar.

[0143] Clause 41. A surgical instrument as described in any of the preceding clauses, in which a stapling assembly, trocar, and one or more light sources collectively form a stapler head.

[0144] Clause 42. A surgical instrument as described in Clause 41, wherein the stapler head is removablely attached to the distal end of the shaft assembly, disposable, or both.

[0145] Clause 43. Methods for using surgical instruments described in any of the preceding clauses to treat the tubular organs of a patient.

[0146] Clause 44. A method for treating a patient's tubular organ, the method comprising: (A) inserting the stapler head of a surgical instrument into a first segment of the tubular organ, wherein the stapler head of the surgical instrument comprises a stapling assembly having a distal edge defining a staple line, a trocar operably movable relative to the stapling assembly along the axis of the stapling assembly, and one or more light sources disposed on the trocar and / or the stapling assembly to emit light that can penetrate the wall of the tubular organ; (B) detecting the light that has penetrated the wall of the tubular organ to locate the position of the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both within the first segment of the tubular organ; (C) determining, based on detection (B), whether the distal edge of the stapling assembly is positioned in a desired section of the first segment of the tubular organ; and (D) determining, based on determination (C), whether the distal edge of the stapling assembly is positioned in a desired section of the first segment of the tubular organ A method comprising: moving the stapler head of a surgical instrument until positioned; (E) extending a trocar to puncture a desired section of a first segment of a tubular organ; (F) inserting an anvil into a second segment of a tubular organ, wherein the anvil has a connecting portion that protrudes proximally from a desired section of the second segment of the tubular organ; (G) attaching the connecting portion of the anvil to the trocar, at least partially assisted by light emitted from one or more light sources; (H) retracting the anvil proximally toward the stapler head such that desired sections of the first and second segments of the tubular organ are adjacent to each other; (I) stapling the desired sections of the first and second segments of the tubular organ together with the staples of a stapling assembly; (J) cutting the desired sections of the first and second segments of the tubular organ adjacent to the staples; and (K) removing the stapler head and anvil of a surgical instrument from the tubular organ.

[0147] The method of Clause 45, wherein the light detected by detection (B) is displayed to provide real-time visualization of where the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both are located within the patient's tubular organ.

[0148] Clause 46. The method according to any one of Clauses 44 to 45, wherein extension (E) is achieved by rotating the knob of the handle assembly of a surgical instrument in a first direction, and retraction (H) is achieved by rotating the knob in a second direction opposite to the first direction.

[0149] Clause 47. The method described in any one of Clauses 44-46, wherein insertion (F) is performed before insertion (A).

[0150] Clause 48. The method described in any one of Clauses 44-46, wherein insertion (F) is performed simultaneously with insertion (A).

[0151] Clause 49. The method described in any one of Clauses 44-46, wherein insertion (F) is performed after insertion (A).

[0152] Clause 50. The method described in any one of Clauses 44-49, wherein, when the connection portion of the anvil is properly attached to the trocar, at least one of one or more light sources changes color, changes intensity, flashes, or performs a combination thereof.

[0153] Clause 51. Detection (B) is the method described in any one of Clauses 44 to 50, including (i) visualization by a user of a surgical instrument, (ii) detection by a laparoscope or robotic camera, or both.

[0154] Clause 52. The method according to Clause 51, wherein the camera is capable of operating in white light mode, near infrared mode, or both.

[0155] Cited terms and references The terms used herein are intended solely to describe specific implementations and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Where used in the descriptions of implementations and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to also include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Terms such as "left" or "right," "top" or "bottom," "bottom" or "top," "internal" or "external," and "inside" or "outside" will be understood to be used to describe features of exemplary embodiments with respect to the location of features as shown in the figures. While terms such as "first" and "second" may be used herein to describe various elements, it will be understood that these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one element from another. For example, as long as "first element" and "second element" are consistently renamed, the first element may be called the second element, and similarly, the second element may be called the first element, without changing the meaning of the description.

[0156] As used herein, the terms “and / or” refer to and encompass any possible combination of one or more related enumerations. As used herein, the terms “include,” “includes,” “including,” “comprise,” “comprises,” and / or “comprising” specify the presence of the described features, integers, steps, actions, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, actions, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0157] The terms “about” or “approximately” are used herein to provide literal backing for the exact number that precedes it, as well as for any number that is close to or nearly close to the number that precedes it. When determining whether a number is close to or nearly close to a specifically enumerated number, any close or nearly close unenumerated number may, in the context in which it is presented, provide a substantial equivalent of the specifically enumerated number. All numerical values ​​and ranges disclosed herein are approximate values ​​and ranges, whether “about” is used with them or not. The term “about” as used herein also refers to values ​​that, in relation to a number, may be ±0.01% (inclusive), ±0.1% (inclusive), ±0.5% (inclusive), ±1% (inclusive), ±2% (inclusive), ±3% (inclusive), ±5% (inclusive), ±10% (inclusive), or ±15% (inclusive). Where a numerical range is disclosed herein, any numerical values ​​that fall within that range are also specifically disclosed.

[0158] As used herein, the term “if” is optionally interpreted, depending on the context, to mean “when,” “upon,” “in response to determining,” “in response to detecting,” or “in accordance with a determination that.” Similarly, as used herein, the phrases “if determined” or “if [the described condition or event] is detected” are optionally interpreted, depending on the context, to mean “when determined,” “in response to determination,” “when [the described condition or event] is detected,” “in response to detection of [the described condition or event],” or “in accordance with a determination that.”

[0159] When a reference number is given the notation "i-th", the reference number refers to a general component, set, or embodiment. For example, "unit i" refers to the i-th unit in a group of units.

[0160] All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in whole for all purposes to the same extent that each individual publication or patent or patent application is specifically and individually indicated so as to be incorporated by reference in whole for all purposes.

Claims

1. A surgical instrument for treating a patient's tubular organs, wherein the surgical instrument is A shaft assembly having a distal end and a proximal end, A stapling assembly is provided at the distal end of the shaft assembly and has a circumferential wall having a distal edge that defines a staple line, A trocar disposed at the distal end of the shaft assembly, which is operably movable relative to the stapler assembly along the axis of the stapler assembly between an extended position and a retracted position, wherein the distal tip of the trocar is exposed distally to the distal edge of the stapler assembly when the trocar is in the extended position, and is concealed proximal to the distal edge of the stapler assembly when the trocar is in the retracted position, One or more light sources for emitting light that can penetrate the wall of the patient's tubular organ, thereby allowing the user of the surgical instrument to locate the position of the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both within the patient's tubular organ by detecting the light that has passed through the wall of the tubular organ. A surgical instrument equipped with [a specific feature / feature].

2. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the one or more light sources include at least one optical fiber, at least one LED, a polymer containing a near-infrared fluorescent material, or any combination thereof.

3. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more light sources emits light in the near-infrared range.

4. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the one or more light sources is operable to blink, change color, change intensity, or any combination thereof.

5. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the light transmitted through the wall of the patient's tubular organ is detected by a camera positioned outside the patient's tubular organ.

6. The surgical instrument according to claim 5, wherein the light detected by the camera is displayed to provide real-time visualization of where the trocar, the distal edge of the stapling assembly, or both are located within the patient's tubular organ.

7. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the one or more light sources include a plurality of light sources, and the light sources of the plurality of light sources are spaced apart at known intervals so as to function as markers for detection by a marker-based augmented reality system.

8. The stapling assembly further comprises an internal base located proximal to the distal edge, and a recess collectively formed by the internal base and the circumferential wall, The one or more light sources described above At least one first light source disposed at the distal tip of the trocar, At least one second light source disposed in the proximal base portion of the trocar, At least one third light source disposed in the internal base of the stapling assembly, At least one fourth light source disposed on the inner surface of the peripheral wall of the stapler assembly, At least one fifth light source disposed on the outer surface of the peripheral wall of the stapler assembly, At least a sixth light source mounted on the frame within the recess of the stapler assembly, or Any combination of them A surgical instrument according to claim 1, comprising:

9. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein the at least one third light source, the at least one fourth light source, the at least sixth light source, or any combination thereof is positioned at an angle with respect to the axis of the stapling assembly or the internal base to improve illumination at a desired position.

10. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein the at least one fourth light source, at least a sixth light source, or any combination thereof is positioned at a certain height relative to the internal base of the stapling assembly to improve illumination at a desired position.

11. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein the at least one fifth light source is mounted on a ring configured to be removably fitted around the outer surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapling assembly.

12. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein the at least one first light source includes a first light source disposed at the front end of the trocar.

13. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein the trocar is made of a material that is transparent or translucent to light emitted by the at least one first light source, the at least one second light source, or both, and the at least one first light source, the at least one second light source, or both are disposed inside the trocar.

14. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein the at least one third light source comprises (i) a plurality of third light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the stapler assembly on the internal base of the stapler assembly, or (ii) a single third light source surrounding the axis of the stapler assembly.

15. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein the at least one fourth light source comprises (i) a plurality of fourth light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the stapler assembly on the inner surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapler assembly, or a single fourth light surrounding the axis of the stapler assembly.

16. The surgical instrument according to claim 8, wherein the at least one fifth light source comprises (i) a plurality of fifth light sources arranged circumferentially around the axis of the stapler assembly on the outer surface of the circumferential side wall of the stapler assembly, or (ii) a single fifth light surrounding the axis of the stapler assembly.

17. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising an anvil detachably attached to the trocar.

18. The surgical instrument according to claim 17, wherein when the anvil is properly attached to the trocar, at least one of the one or more light sources changes color, changes intensity, flashes, or performs a combination thereof.

19. A sensor or switch configured to detect the attachment of the anvil to the trocar. The surgical instrument according to claim 18, further comprising the above.

20. A handle assembly disposed at the proximal end of the shaft assembly for operating the stapling assembly, the trocar, the one or more light sources, or any combination thereof. The surgical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising the above.

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