Terminal device, network device, method performed by terminal device, and method performed by network device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for configuring and transmitting channel information. In this solution, a first node receives at least one first message for sensing from a second node or functional entity, and based on at least one first message, performs at least one of the following: sending at least one second message to at least one of the second nodes or functional entities, or sending a second set of RS measured by the second node to the second node in order to generate at least one third message containing information to be used for sensing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to an apparatus and a method for constructing and transmitting channel information.

Background Art

[0002] In current wireless communication systems, the technology of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is widely used, where a number of antenna elements are used by a network device to communicate with a terminal device for both frequency bands below 6 GHz and above 6 GHz.

[0003] Furthermore, the technology of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been agreed as a function to be supported in future communications. However, particularly in the MIMO scenario, the requirements for sensing and communication are different. Therefore, it is desirable to discuss how to construct and transmit channel information to enable sensing.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] Generally, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for constructing and transmitting channel information.

[0005] In a first embodiment, a first node is provided, which includes a processor configured to cause the first node to receive at least one first message for sensing from a second node or functional entity, and to transmit at least one second message to at least one of the second node or functional entity based on the at least one first message, wherein the at least one second message includes information used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node, or transmits to the second node a second set of RS measured by the second node in order to generate at least one third message including information used for sensing.

[0006] In a second aspect, a second node is provided, which includes a processor configured to cause the second node to receive or transmit to the first node at least one of the following: receiving at least one second message from the first node, wherein the at least one second message includes information to be used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; or transmitting at least one third message including information to be used for sensing to the first node or the functional entity, wherein the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message.

[0007] In a third aspect, a functional entity is provided, which includes a processor configured to cause the functional entity to send a first message for sensing to at least one of a first node or a second node, and to receive at least one of the following: at least one second message containing information to be used for sensing from the first node, wherein the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; and at least one third message containing information to be used for sensing from the second node, wherein the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message.

[0008] A fourth aspect provides a communication method performed by a first node. The method includes receiving at least one first message for sensing from a second node or functional entity, and performing at least one of the following based on the at least one first message: sending at least one second message to at least one of the second node or functional entities, wherein the at least one second message includes information to be used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node, or sending a second set of RS measured by the second node to the second node in order to generate at least one third message including information to be used for sensing.

[0009] A fifth aspect provides a communication method performed by a second node, the method comprising: receiving or transmitting at least one first message for sensing from a functional entity to the first node; receiving at least one second message from the first node, wherein the at least one second message includes information to be used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; or transmitting at least one third message from the second node to the first node or the functional entity, wherein the at least one third message includes information to be used for sensing, and the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message.

[0010] In a sixth aspect, a communication method is provided that is performed by a functional entity. The method includes: sending a first message for sensing to at least one of a first node or a second node; and receiving at least one of the following: at least one second message containing information to be used for sensing from the first node, wherein the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; and at least one third message containing information to be used for sensing, wherein the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message.

[0011] In the seventh aspect, a computer-readable medium containing instructions is provided, and when the instructions are executed on at least one processor, the at least one processor is caused to perform the method according to the fourth, fifth, or sixth aspect.

[0012] Other features of this disclosure will be readily apparent through the following description. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0013] The above and other objectives, features and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent through a more detailed description of some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure in the accompanying drawings.

[0014] [Figure 1A] This document describes an exemplary communication environment in which exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented.

[0015] [Figure 1B] Another exemplary communication environment in which exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can be implemented is shown.

[0016] [Figure 2A] The following describes the signaling flow of communication according to several embodiments of this disclosure.

[0017] [Figure 2B] The following illustrates different signaling flows for communication according to several embodiments of this disclosure.

[0018] [Figure 3A] An example communication scenario is shown.

[0019] [Figure 3B] The second example of information is shown below.

[0020] [Figure 3C] An example measurement report is shown.

[0021] [Figure 4A] Shows exemplary second information.

[0022] [Figure 4B] Shows an exemplary measurement report.

[0023] [Figure 5A] Shows an exemplary communication scenario.

[0024] [Figure 5B] Shows exemplary second information.

[0025] [Figure 6] Shows exemplary second information.

[0026] [Figure 7] Shows exemplary second information.

[0027] [Figure 8A] Shows a flowchart of a method implemented by a first device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] [Figure 8B] Shows a flowchart of a method implemented by a second device according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] [Figure 9A] Shows a flowchart of a method implemented by a first node according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] [Figure 9B] Shows a flowchart of a method implemented by a first node according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] [Figure 9C] Shows a flowchart of a method implemented by a functional entity according to some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] [Figure 10] A simplified block diagram of an apparatus suitable for carrying out exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Throughout the drawings, identical or similar reference numerals represent identical or similar elements. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0034] The principles of this disclosure will now be illustrated with reference to several exemplary embodiments. These embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only and should be understood as being helpful to those skilled in the art in understanding and implementing this disclosure, without implying any limitation on the scope of this disclosure. The embodiments described herein can be implemented in a variety of ways other than those described below.

[0035] In the following description and claims, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

[0036] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device equipped with wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of terminal devices include user equipment (UE), personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smartphones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices, Vehicle-mounted V2X communication devices (where X represents pedestrians, vehicles, or infrastructure / networks), Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) devices, spacecraft or aerial vehicles within non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including high-altitude platforms (HAP) with satellites and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), Augmented Reality (AR), Mixed Reality (MR) Examples include, but are not limited to, extended reality (XR) devices, which include various types of reality such as reality and virtual reality (VR); unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which are aircraft without human pilot intervention, commonly known as drones; devices mounted on high-speed trains (HSTs); image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, game consoles, and music storage and playback devices; or internet devices that enable wireless or wired internet access and browsing.A “terminal device” can also have “multicast / broadcast” capabilities and support public safety and mission-critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast distribution, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software distribution over the radio, group communications, and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or more Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs), known as multi-SIMs. The term “terminal device” may be used interchangeably with UE, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile terminal, user terminal, or radio equipment.

[0037] The term "network device" refers to a device that can provide or host a cell or coverage from which terminal devices can communicate. Examples of network devices include, but are not limited to, Node B (NodeB or NB), evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), transmission / reception point (TRP), remote radio unit (RRU), radio head (RH), remote radio head (RRH), IAB node, low-power nodes such as femtonodes, piconodes, and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

[0038] Terminal devices or network devices may be equipped with artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning capabilities. These typically include models trained on large amounts of collected data for specific functions and usable to predict certain information.

[0039] Terminal or network devices may operate in multiple frequency ranges, including FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz), FR2 (e.g., 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz), frequency bands exceeding 100 GHz, and terahertz (THz). Furthermore, they may operate in licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. In multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) application scenarios, terminal devices may have multiple connections to network devices. Terminal or network devices may operate in full-duplex, flexible-duplex, and cross-split-duplex modes.

[0040] Embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented using test equipment such as signal generators, signal analyzers, spectrum analyzers, network analyzers, test terminal devices, test network devices, and channel emulators. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected to a first network device and a second network device. One of the first and second network devices may be a master node, and the other may be a secondary node. The first and second network devices may use different radio access technologies (RATs). In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device, and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is an eNB, and the second RAT device is a gNB. Information related to different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first or second network devices. In some embodiments, the first information may be transmitted from the first network device to the terminal device, and the second information may be transmitted directly from the second network device to the terminal device or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information regarding the configuration of a terminal device set by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device through the first network device. Information regarding the reconfiguration of a terminal device set by the second network device may be transmitted directly from the second network device to the terminal device or through the first network device.

[0041] Where used herein, the singular forms “a / an” and “the” are intended to include the plural unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context. The term “including” and its variations are interpreted as an open term meaning “including, but not limited to.” The term “based on” is interpreted as “at least partially based on.” The terms “one embodiment” and “a certain embodiment” are interpreted as “at least one embodiment.” The term “another embodiment” is interpreted as “at least one other embodiment.” Terms such as “first,” “second,” etc., may refer to different or the same subject. The following may include other explicit and implicit definitions.

[0042] In some examples, values, procedures, or devices are referred to as “best,” “worst,” “highest,” “minimum,” “maximum,” etc. Such descriptions are intended to show that a choice can be made from among many functional options being used, and it will be understood that such a choice does not need to be better, smaller, higher, or more desirable than the other options.

[0043] As used herein, the terms “resource,” “transmit resource,” “uplink resource,” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing communication, such as a resource in the time domain, a resource in the frequency domain, a resource in the spatial domain, a resource in the code domain, or any other resource that enables communication. Hereinafter, unless expressly stated otherwise, resources in both the frequency domain and the time domain are used as examples of transmit resources to illustrate some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are similarly applicable to other resources in other domains.

[0044] As explained above, ISAC technology is agreed upon as a feature to be supported in future communications. Generally, measuring a reference signal (RS) is a necessary operation for both sensing and communications. However, the requirements for measurement reporting used in sensing and those used in communications differ.

[0045] Specifically, in a MIMO scenario, the MIMO channel may be decomposed into a spatial domain (SD, which can be identified by angle, beam, SD vector, etc.) and a frequency domain (FD, which can be identified by FD vector or delay information, etc.).

[0046] Delay information can be useful for both communication and sensing (at least when sensing a target object based on the transmitter and receiver). However, absolute delay is not required for communication (e.g., precoder or channel quality indicator (CQI) calculation) but is required for sensing.

[0047] Considering this, implementing ISAC based on MIMO requires further enhancements to how RS is measured and reported, particularly how delay is measured / quantized.

[0048] This disclosure proposes a solution for configuring and transmitting measurement reports to implement ISAC. In this solution, a first device (e.g., a terminal device) receives configuration information for at least one measurement report from a second device (e.g., a network device). Based on the first configuration information, the first device transmits at least one measurement report to the second device. The at least one measurement report may consist of at least one of the following: a first set of first information relating to SD, a second set of second information relating to FD or path timing information, a third set of amplitude coefficients, a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a fifth set of timing information relating to a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of information in the second set of second information.

[0049] In particular, at least one measurement report may include a first subset of information and a second subset of information, where the first or second subset of information is applied to the calculation / reporting of the precoder or CQI. Alternatively, or further, at least one measurement report may include a first measurement report and a second measurement report associated with the first measurement report.

[0050] Thus, at least one measurement report may be used for both sensing and communication (e.g., calculation / reporting of precoder or CQI or PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) or CSI (Channel State Information)).

[0051] It should be understood that the ISAC scenario particularly benefits from the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure. However, this does not mean that the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure can only be implemented for this particular scenario. In fact, the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented in any scenario in which at least one measurement report is associated with at least two different functions. This disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0052] Furthermore, since sensing is agreed upon as a supported function in the 5GC system, more network elements will be involved in sensing measurements, including terminal devices, network devices (e.g., next-generation eNodeB (ng-eNB), or gNB within the Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN)), 5GC functions (e.g., Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Integrated Sensing Management Function (ISMF), Sensing Function (SF), Location Management Function (LMF)), and other third-party entities (e.g., sensing service requesters). Given this, it is desirable to further discuss how signaling / messaging will communicate between these network elements.

[0053] This disclosure proposes a solution for configuring and transmitting channel information. In this solution, a first node receives at least one first message for sensing from a second node or functional entity. The first node then sends at least one second message to at least one of the second nodes or functional entities, where at least one second message contains information to be used for sensing, and at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of RSs sent by the second node. Alternatively, the first node sends a second set of RSs to the second node so that the second node may generate at least one third message containing information to be used for sensing.

[0054] In summary, by communicating a first message, a second message, and / or a third message, the first / second node may acquire sensing signals and sensing measurements. As a result, the sensing function may be well supported in a 5GC network.

[0055] As used herein, the terms “UE assumes,” “UE does not assume,” “Terminal device assumes,” and “Terminal device does not assume” may imply constraints on the configuration of the network device (also known as the NW configuration). The terms “UE is not assumed” and “Terminal device is not assumed” may mean a terminal implementation, also known as a UE implementation. In some embodiments, the terms “UE does not assume” and “UE is not assumed” may be used interchangeably.

[0056] To better explain, some of the terms used here are listed below: • Sets of 1st / 3rd / 4th / 5th information related to SD: The 1st / 3rd / 4th / 5th information may be at least one of the following information items included in the 1st set: SD vector, one CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal) port, departure azimuth, departure angle (AoD), departure azimuth angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), arrival azimuth, arrival angle (AoA), departure zenith angle (ZoA), direction angle, receiving beam, transmitting beam, receiving SD filter, transmitting SD filter, and other SD-related parameters; • A second set of information related to FD or path timing information: The second information may be at least one of the following: FD vectors, or path timing information (e.g., absolute time / delay value, differential time / delay time value), and may also be information items included in the second set, and further, the second information may be cluster / path delay / timing in nanoseconds (ns) and / or microseconds (μs) and / or milliseconds (ms) and / or meters (m); • First time information: Refers to the timing of the second information (or the reference second information). For example, the first time information may be expressed as an absolute time value; The second time information refers to the timing of the ray corresponding to one of the second pieces of information. For example, the second time information may be expressed as a differential time value; The third time information refers to the timing of the second information. For example, the third time information may be expressed as a difference time value (for example, the difference between the time value of each piece of the second information and the first time information); • Cluster: Refers to a set of rays.

[0057] As used herein, a set of rays may correspond to one second piece of time information and / or at least one of a path, cluster, and delay.

[0058] As used herein, a functional entity may have, but is not limited to, an AMF, ISMF, SF, LMF, and any suitable 5GC features / functions.

[0059] As used herein, the terms “signaling,” “message,” “configuration,” “request,” “response,” “information,” and “signal” and “packet” may be used interchangeably.

[0060] As used herein, the terms “node,” “device,” “equipment,” “function,” and “function entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0061] As used herein, the terms “precoder,” “precoding,” “precoding matrix,” “beam,” “beamforming,” “vector,” “basis,” “first vector,” “first basis,” “first basis vector,” “first basis vector,” “codebook,” “UL codebook,” “spatial domain related information,” “SD related information,” “spatial relationship information,” “spatial relationship information,” “precoding information,” “precoding information and number of layers,” “precoding matrix indicator (PMI),” “precoding matrix indicator,” “transmission precoding matrix indication,” “precoding matrix indication,” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI (Transmission Configuration Indication) state),” “UL TCI state,” “joint TCI state,” “transmission configuration indicator,” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “quasi-co-location,” “QCL ​​parameter,” “QCL ​​assumption,” “QCL ​​relationship,” and “spatial relationship” may be used interchangeably.

[0062] As used herein, the terms “vector,” “base,” and “base” may be used interchangeably.

[0063] As used herein, the terms “function” and “application” may be used interchangeably.

[0064] As used herein, the terms “subset of information,” “subset of measurements,” “subset of measurement reports,” “part of a measurement report,” “report,” “measurement,” and “measurement report” may be used interchangeably.

[0065] As used herein, the terms “first subset of information,” “first subset of measurements,” “first subset of measurement report,” “first part of measurement report,” “first report,” “first measurement,” and “first measurement report” may be used interchangeably.

[0066] As used herein, the terms “second subset of information,” “second subset of measurements,” “second subset of measurement report,” “second part of measurement report,” “second report,” “second measurement,” and “second measurement report” may be used interchangeably.

[0067] As used herein, the terms “first vector,” “SRS port,” “CSI-RS port,” “RS port,” “SRS resource,” “CSI-RS resource,” “RS resource,” “antenna port,” “first beam,” “beam,” “first base,” “first basis vector,” “spatial domain / SD basis vector,” “spatial domain / SD vector,” “spatial domain / SD base,” “spatial domain / SD base,” “spatial domain / SD base,” “spatial domain / SD base corresponding to TRP index,” “spatial domain / SD vector corresponding to TRP index,” “spatial domain / SD base corresponding to TRP index,” “spatial domain / SD base corresponding to TRP index,” “first base corresponding to TRP index,” “spatial domain related information,” “SD related information,” “spatial relationship information,” “spatial relationship information,” “departure azimuth angle,” “departure angle,” “AoD,” “departure zenith angle,” “ZoD,” “angle of direction angle,” “arrival azimuth angle,” “arrival angle,” “AoA,” “departure zenith angle,” “ZoA,” and “first base” may be used interchangeably.

[0068] As used herein, the terms “second vector,” “second basis,” “frequency domain / FD basis vector,” “frequency domain / FD vector,” “frequency domain / FD basis,” “frequency domain / FD base,” “second base,” “frequency domain related information,” “FD related information,” “second vector corresponding to TRP index,” “second base corresponding to TRP index,” “frequency domain / FD basis vector corresponding to TRP index,” “frequency domain / FD vector corresponding to TRP index,” “frequency domain / FD basis corresponding to TRP index,” “frequency domain / FD base corresponding to TRP index,” and “second basis corresponding to TRP index” may be used interchangeably.

[0069] As used herein, the terms “index,” “indicator,” “indicator,” “field,” “bitfield,” and “bitmap” may be used interchangeably.

[0070] As used herein, the terms “delay,” “path,” “cluster,” and “second information” may be used interchangeably.

[0071] As used herein, the terms “bit size,” “number of bits,” “field size,” “bit width,” and “field size” may be used interchangeably.

[0072] As used herein, the terms “indicator field element,” “parameter,” and “indicator” may be used interchangeably. As used herein, the terms “associated,” “corresponding,” “corresponding,” and “includes” may be used interchangeably.

[0073] The principles and embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Exemplary environment

[0074] Figure 1A shows an exemplary communication environment 100A in which exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be carried out. The communication environment 100A includes a first device 110 and a second device 120.

[0075] In some exemplary embodiments, the first device 110 may be included in a terminal device / equipment, and the second device 120 may be included in a network device / equipment that provides services to the terminal device / equipment.

[0076] In the following, for the sake of clarity, several exemplary embodiments will be described in which the first device 110 operates as a terminal device and the second device 120 operates as a network device. However, in some exemplary embodiments, the operations described in relation to the terminal device may be performed by the network device or other devices, and the operations described in relation to the network device may be performed by the terminal device or other devices.

[0077] In some exemplary embodiments, when the first device 110 is a terminal device and the second device 120 is a network device, the link from the second device 120 to the first device 110 is called a downlink (DL), and the link from the first device 110 to the second device 120 is called an uplink (UL). In a DL, the second device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or transmitter), and the first device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or receiver). In a UL, the first device 110 is a TX device (or transmitter), and the second device 120 is an RX device (or receiver).

[0078] Furthermore, MIMO is supported by at least one of the first device 110 and the second device 120. As shown in Figure 1A, the first device 110 may communicate with the second device 120 using at least one of beams 150-1, 150-2, 150-3 (individually or collectively referred to as beam 150) and beams 170-1, 170-2, 170-3 (individually or collectively referred to as beam 170). Thus, the second device 120 may communicate with the first device 110 using at least one of beams 140-1, 140-2, 140-3 (individually or collectively referred to as beam 140) and beams 160-1, 160-2, 160-3 (individually or collectively referred to as beam 160).

[0079] Furthermore, the communication environment 100A includes objects 130-1 and 130-2, which are collectively referred to as object 130, or individually as the first object 130-1 and the second object 130-2. According to exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, object 130 may be sensed by the first device 110 and / or the second device 120.

[0080] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may transmit the measurement report to the second device 120. ISAC may be realized in the communication environment 100A by communicating the measurement report. This procedure is described in detail in the following text.

[0081] The number of devices and their connections shown in Figure 1A are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limitations. The communication environment 100A may include any appropriate number of devices configured to carry out exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.

[0082] In some embodiments, the first device 110 and the second device 120 may communicate with each other via a channel such as a wireless communication channel on an air interface (e.g., a Uu interface). The wireless communication channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Random-Access Channel (PRACH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). Naturally, any other suitable channel is also possible.

[0083] Another communication environment 100B in which exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented is shown in Figure 1B. Communication environment 100A includes a first node 115, a second node 125, and a functional entity 185.

[0084] In some exemplary embodiments, the first node 115 may be included in a terminal device or network device, the second node 125 may be included in a network device, and the functional entity 185 may be included in at least one of AMF, ISMF, SF, or LMF.

[0085] Furthermore, MIMO is supported by at least one of the first node 115 and the second node 125. As shown in Figure 1B, the first node 115 may communicate with the second node 125 using at least one of beams 155-1, 155-2, 155-3 (individually or collectively referred to as beam 155) and beams 175-1, 175-2, 175-3 (individually or collectively referred to as beam 175). Thus, the second node 125 may communicate with the first node 115 using at least one of beams 145-1, 145-2, 145-3 (individually or collectively referred to as beam 145) and beams 165-1, 165-2, 165-3 (individually or collectively referred to as beam 165).

[0086] Furthermore, the communication environment 100B includes objects 135-1 and 135-2, which are collectively referred to as object 135, or individually as the first object 135-1 and the second object 135-2. According to exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, object 135 may be sensed by the first node 115 and / or the second node 125.

[0087] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1B, messages / information / signaling may be exchanged / communicated between the first node 115 and the second node 125 and / or the functional entity 185.

[0088] Communications in communication environments 100A and 100B may comply with any appropriate standard, including but not limited to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), New Radio (NR), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), GSM Edge Radio Access Network (GERAN), and Machine-Type Communications (MTC). Embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented in accordance with any generation of communication protocols that are currently known or will be developed in the future. Examples of communication protocols include, but are not limited to, first-generation (1G), second-generation (2G), 2.5G, 2.75G, third-generation (3G), fourth-generation (4G), 4.5G, fifth-generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced Network, or sixth-generation (6G) networks. Exemplary process

[0089] Refer to Figure 2A, which shows a signaling flow 200A of communication according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, the signaling flow 200A will be described using, for example, a first device 110 and a second device 120 with reference to Figure 1A.

[0090] It should be understood that the operation of the first device 110 and the second device 120 should be coordinated. In other words, the second device 120 and the first device 110 should have a common understanding of the configuration, parameters, etc. Such a common understanding may be achieved by any appropriate interaction between the second device 120 and the first device 110, or by both the second device 120 and the first device 110 applying the same rules / policies. In the following, some operations are described from the perspective of the first device 110, but it should be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the second device 120. Similarly, some operations are described from the perspective of the second device 120, but it should be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by the first device 110. For brevity, some of the same or similar content has been omitted here.

[0091] Furthermore, in the following description, several interactions (e.g., configuration exchange) are performed between the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. It should be understood that these interactions may be achieved through a single signaling / message / configuration or multiple signaling / message / configurations, including system information, radio resource control (RRC) messages, downlink control information (DCI) messages, uplink control information (UCI) messages, and medium access control (MAC) control elements (CE). This disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0092] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may operate as a terminal device, and the second device 120 may operate as a network device.

[0093] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive first configuration information for at least one measurement report from the second device 120. Based on the first configuration information, the first device 110 transmits (230) at least one measurement report to the second device 120. The at least one measurement report may represent at least one of the following: • The first set of information related to SD, • A second set of information related to FD or path timing information, • Third set of amplitude coefficients • The fourth set of phase coefficients, or • A fifth set of timing information for a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of information within the second set of second information.

[0094] In some embodiments, the second device 120 may transmit at least one first configuration to the first device 110. The at least one first configuration may represent a set of information and / or resources for the RS. In some embodiments, the RS may be a downlink RS. For example, the RS may be one or more of the following: Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Cell Reference Signal (CRS), Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) Reference Signal, Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Tracking CSI-RS, Sensing Reference Signal, and Mobility CSI-RS.

[0095] In some embodiments, RS may be an uplink RS. For example, RS may be one or more of the following: Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Positioning Reference Signal (PRS), Timing Time / Frequency Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Sensing Reference Signal, and Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS). Note that RS may be any downlink or uplink reference signal existing in the art or to be developed in the future.

[0096] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may consist of at least one first configuration. In some embodiments, the first configuration information may include at least one of the following: a measurement report quantity, a measurement report identifier (ID: Identity), the number of first information items included in a first set, the number of second information items included in a second set, the number of antenna ports for RS, the number of resources for RS, the time-domain operation of RS (e.g., periodic, semi-persistent, and aperiodic), the periodicity of RS, the slot offset of RS, the starting symbol index in the slot of RS, the number of symbols in the slot of RS, the frequency-domain resource location of RS, the time-domain resource of RS, and the frequency resource of RS.

[0097] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may include a first subset of information and a second subset of information, where one of the first and second subsets of information may be applied to the calculation / reporting of the precoder and / or CQI and / or PMI and / or CSI. In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may include a first measurement report and a second measurement report associated with the first measurement report.

[0098] In some embodiments, the precoder may be calculated by the following equation (1). TIFF2026516805000002.tif49168 formula (1)

[0099] In some embodiments, in equation (1), W1 may be a set of first vectors, a first set of first information, a set of CSI-RS ports, or a set of SRS ports. In some embodiments, in equation (1), W f W2 may be a second set of second information or a second set of vectors. In some embodiments, in equation (1), W2 may be a third set of amplitude coefficients and / or a fourth set of phase coefficients.

[0100] In some embodiments, the number of first pieces of information contained in the first set may be represented as L, where L may be a positive integer. For example, 1 <= L <= 16. As another example, L may be at least one of {1, 2, 4, 6, 8}.

[0101] In some embodiments, the number of second pieces of information included in the second set may be represented as M, where M may be a positive integer. For example, 1 <= M <= 18.

[0102] In some embodiments, the parameters L and M may be indicated by first configuration information. In some embodiments, the first configuration information may indicate at least one of the following: the number of first information items included in a first set, or the number of second information items included in a second set. Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the first configuration information may indicate the (maximum) number of amplitude coefficients included in a third set, or the (maximum) number of phase coefficients in a fourth set.

[0103] It should be understood that the first configuration information may include, but is not limited to, the resources used to report the measurement report, and may indicate any appropriate parameters / information associated with the measurement report. This disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0104] In some embodiments, the first information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, one CSI-RS port, departure angle, AoD, ZoD, AoA, ZoA, direction angle, or beam. For example, this may effectively represent spatial information. In some embodiments, the second information may be at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information (e.g., delay or cluster). For example, in this way, the second device 120 may acquire information for both sensing and communication.

[0105] The following section will explain in detail how to present the second piece of information.

[0106] In some embodiments, each second piece of information included in the second set may be represented by or associated with absolute time values ​​and / or differential time values.

[0107] In some embodiments, one of the second pieces of information included in the second set may be shown as reference second information. In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may further show reference second information.

[0108] In some embodiments, the reference second information may be shown in or included in at least one measurement report, and the other second information in the second set, excluding the reference second information, may be shown with respect to / based on the reference second information, as described below.

[0109] In some embodiments, the second set of second information may be represented by a set of FD vectors corresponding to the second set of second information and absolute time values ​​(hereinafter also referred to as first time information) corresponding to one of the sets of FD vectors that correspond to or are shown as reference second information. In this exemplary embodiment, other second information may be derived from the set of FD vectors and absolute time values.

[0110] Alternatively, in some embodiments, one of the second pieces of information included in the second set may be represented as a reference second piece of information and may be represented by an absolute time value (hereinafter also referred to as the first piece of time information). Furthermore, each of the other pieces of information in the second set may be represented by a difference time value (hereinafter also referred to as the third piece of time information) between the timing of the other piece of second information and the absolute time value corresponding to the reference second piece of information.

[0111] In some embodiments, the difference time value may be smaller than the absolute time value. Considering this, the quantization used to represent the difference time value may be different from the quantization used to represent the absolute time value.

[0112] In some embodiments, the difference time value may be expressed based on quantization associated with the size of the frequency band for at least one measurement report. Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the difference time value may be expressed based on quantization associated with the size of the bandwidth part (BWP) for at least one measurement report. Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the difference time value may be expressed based on quantization associated with the size of the sub-carrier space (SCS) for at least one measurement report.

[0113] In some embodiments, one second piece of information in the second set may be associated with a subset of the first piece of information in the first set, or with an angle. In some embodiments, the angle may be based on a first coordinate system corresponding to the second device. In some embodiments, the subset of the first piece of information in the first set may be a subset of first vectors, where the subset of first vectors may be selected from a group of first vectors. For example, each group may contain multiple adjacent first vectors. For example, each group may contain 2, 4, 6, 8, or 16 adjacent first vectors.

[0114] In some embodiments, one first vector may be a vector having a first oversampling coefficient or a first length. In some embodiments, the first oversampling coefficient may be 4, 2, 8, or 16. In some embodiments, the first length may be based on the number of RS antenna ports. In some embodiments, the first length may be 16, 32, or N1*N2. In some embodiments, there may be a parameter "N1" which represents the number of RS ports in a first dimension. For example, "N1" may be at least one of {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32}. In some embodiments, there may be a parameter "N2" which represents the number of RS ports in a second dimension. For example, "N2" may be at least one of {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32}. In some embodiments, the number of RS antenna ports may be 2*N1*N2.

[0115] To further enhance understanding, several examples of how to present the second piece of information are described below.

[0116] In some embodiments, the second information (i.e., one second information item) includes, or may include, a second vector having a second length (or a second oversampling coefficient). Alternatively, in some embodiments, the second information includes, or may include, an absolute time value (such as a delay, e.g., a value of the first time information), where the absolute time value may be based on the first quantization. In some embodiments, the second oversampling coefficient may be 4, 2, 8, or 16. In some embodiments, the second length may be based on the number of subbands or physical resource blocks for the RS or at least one measurement report. In some embodiments, the second length may be a positive integer. For example, the second length may be greater than 1 (or greater than or equal to 52) and less than 275.

[0117] In some embodiments, there may be a first value of first time information (e.g., absolute time information) corresponding to a second reference piece of information (e.g., the second reference piece of information may be represented as F_ref). Furthermore, the first time information is based on a granularity of "ns", "ms", "s", or "m", where "m" may be converted to ns / ms / s based on "m / c", and c may be the speed of light). Furthermore, there may be a value of third time information (e.g., differential time information) corresponding to other second pieces of information in the second set excluding the second reference piece of information. In some embodiments, the third time information may be based on a third quantization. In some embodiments, the third time information or third quantization may be related to the size of the bandwidth or the size of the BWP and / or SCS for the measurement report. In some embodiments, the speed of light c is 299792458 m / s or 3 × 10⁻⁶ m / s. 8 m / s is also acceptable.

[0118] Furthermore, in some embodiments, at least one measurement report may further include a reference second piece of information, namely an indication of F_ref.

[0119] In some embodiments, a cluster or a second piece of information or a delay or a path may include or be associated with a set of rays. In this case, the second piece of information may be associated with a set of rays. In some embodiments, the value of the second piece of time information based on the second quantization may correspond to a single ray. For example, the second quantization may be smaller than the first quantization.

[0120] In some embodiments, the value of one second time information corresponding to a ray (for example, the second time information may be the time delay value corresponding to the ray) may be a difference value based on the value of a first time information (for example, the first time information may be the absolute time of the reference second information) and / or the third time information corresponding to other second information in the second set excluding the reference second information.

[0121] In some embodiments, the (maximum) number of rays in a set of rays corresponding to or associated with one second piece of information may be Y, where Y may be a positive integer. For example, 1 <= Y <= 4. Another example is 1 <= Y <= 8. In some embodiments, there may be up to X pieces of second information, where each of the X pieces of second information may correspond to or be associated with a set of rays, where X may be a positive integer. In some embodiments, X may be less than or equal to M. In some embodiments, M may be a positive integer. For example, 1 <= M <= 8. Another example is 1 <= M <= 4. In some embodiments, 1 <= X <= 4. In some embodiments, 1 <= X <= min(M, 4). In some embodiments, 1 <= X <= min(M, 2). In some embodiments, the X pieces of second information may have X minimum values ​​of the first time information and / or the second time information and / or the third time information. In some embodiments, the X pieces of second information may have X minimum values ​​of time delay.

[0122] In some embodiments, if the number of rays included in the set of rays is greater, the X pieces of second information may have X minimum values ​​of time information.

[0123] Furthermore, in some embodiments, at least one measurement report may also include an indication of the number of rays associated with one second piece of information (e.g., the number of reported rays associated with one second piece of information in the measurement report, which may be up to Y).

[0124] In some embodiments, the measurement report may also include a bitmap showing non-zero coefficients. In some embodiments, the bitmap may show the number of non-zero coefficients and / or the index of first information corresponding to the non-zero coefficients and / or the index of second information corresponding to the non-zero coefficients. For example, the non-zero coefficients may be amplitude coefficients and / or phase coefficients.

[0125] In some embodiments, the size of the bitmap may be based on the number of first pieces of information contained in a first set (e.g., the number of first vectors in a first set of vectors) and / or the number of second pieces of information contained in a second set (e.g., the number of second vectors in a second set of vectors excluding the number of rays). In some embodiments, the size of the bitmap may be 2L*M. In some embodiments, L may be a positive integer, for example, 1 <= L <= 16. In some embodiments, M may be a positive integer, for example, 1 <= M <= 18.

[0126] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may include a first subset of information (or a first subset of measurements or a first subset of measurement reports) and a second subset of information (or a second subset of measurements or a second subset of measurement reports). In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may include a first measurement report and a second measurement report. In some embodiments, the first subset of information in at least one measurement report (or a first subset of measurements or a first subset of measurement reports or a first measurement report) may be configured for a first use. For example, the first use may be sensing. In some embodiments, the second subset of information in at least one measurement report (or a second subset of measurements or a second subset of measurement reports or a second measurement report) may be configured for a second use. For example, the second use may be communication, and / or precoding calculation / reporting, and / or CQI, PMI, or CSI calculation / reporting. In some embodiments, the CQI, CSI, or PMI may be calculated / reported based on a second subset of information (or a second subset of measurements or a second subset of measurement reports or a second measurement report).

[0127] In some embodiments, different subsets of information (or different subsets of measurements or different subsets of measurement reports or different measurement reports) may exist for different layers that are applied to the calculation / reporting of precoding and / or CQI and / or PMI and / or CSI.

[0128] In some embodiments, a first subset of information (or a first subset of measurements or a first subset of measurement reports or a first measurement report) may partially overlap with a second subset of information (or a second subset of measurements or a second subset of measurement reports or a second measurement report). In some embodiments, a first subset of information (or a first subset of measurements or a first subset of measurement reports or a first measurement report) may be a subset of a second subset of information (or a second subset of measurements or a second subset of measurement reports or a second measurement report). In some embodiments, a second subset of information (or a second subset of measurements or a second subset of measurement reports or a second measurement report) may be a subset of a first subset of information (or a first subset of measurements or a first subset of measurement reports or a first measurement report).

[0129] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may also include an indication of whether a first subset of information (or a first subset of measurements or a first subset of measurement reports or a first measurement report) is included in a second subset of information (or a second subset of measurements or a second subset of measurement reports or a second measurement report). In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may also include an indication of whether a first subset of information (or a first subset of measurements or a first subset of measurement reports or a first measurement report) is applicable to precoding and / or CQI and / or CSI and / or PMI calculations / reports. In some embodiments, a second subset of information (or a second subset of measurements or a second subset of measurement reports or a second measurement report) may also include an indication of the number of layers.

[0130] With respect to communication, considering overhead / complexity (e.g., subband size or PRG), finer resolution may not be required for delay / path, while finer resolution may be required for sensing, on the other hand, only a subset of delays / clusters with recognizable rays may exist. Considering this, there may be a relationship between the first information, the second information, the amplitude coefficient, the phase coefficient, and the timing information for the set of rays. Several exemplary embodiments are described below.

[0131] In some embodiments, the second information may be associated with a subset of the first set of the first information. In some embodiments, the first information included in the subset of the first set of the first information may be adjacent vectors.

[0132] In one exemplary embodiment, the second information may be associated with an angle, where the angle may be based on a first coordinate system corresponding to the second device 120. In another example, the second information may be associated with a subset of first vectors, where the subset of first vectors may be selected from a group of first vectors (for example, each group may contain multiple adjacent first vectors). Furthermore, in some embodiments, one of the first vectors may be a vector having a first oversampling coefficient or a first length.

[0133] To further understand this, refer to Figure 1A, where each beam 140 / 160 may correspond to its respective first piece of information (e.g., a first vector). Beams 140-1 to 140-3 may correspond to the first vectors V1, V2, and V3 (which may be called subsets of the first vector #1) and / or angle #1. Similarly, beams 160-1 to 160-3 may correspond to the first vectors V4, V5, and V6 (which may be called subsets of the first vector #2) and / or angle #2. As an example, second piece of information #1 may correspond to a subset of the first vector #1 and / or angle #1, and second piece of information #2 may correspond to a subset of the first vector #2 and / or angle #2.

[0134] In some embodiments, one second piece of information (e.g., represented as F1) may be associated with a subset of the first vector (or a subset of the first piece of information), and / or a subset of amplitude coefficients, and / or a subset of phase coefficients. In some embodiments, the second piece of information or a subset of the first vector (or a subset of the first piece of information) may be associated with a set of rays. In some embodiments, the value of the second piece of time information based on the second quantization may correspond to one ray in the set of rays.

[0135] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the second information may be associated with a subset of a third set of amplitude coefficients. Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the second information may be associated with a subset of a fourth set of phase coefficients.

[0136] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the second information may be associated with a set of rays, and each ray included in the set of rays may be associated with at least one of the following: amplitude coefficient, phase coefficient, or time value. In some embodiments, the time value may be represented by one of the following: the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to a ray and the time value corresponding to the second information to which the set of rays is associated, or the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to a ray and the time value corresponding to the reference second information.

[0137] In some embodiments, the value of the second temporal information of a ray may be based on a second quantization. Furthermore, in some embodiments, there may be one phase coefficient and / or one amplitude coefficient corresponding to one ray in the set of rays.

[0138] In some embodiments, a set of rays may be associated with a subset of the same first vector and / or a subset of amplitude coefficients and / or a subset of phase coefficients.

[0139] In some embodiments, the precoding matrix and / or CQI may be based on a subset of first vectors (or a subset of first information), a subset of amplitude coefficients, a subset of phase coefficients, and second information. In some embodiments, the precoding matrix and / or CQI may not be based on second time information and / or a set of rays and / or phase coefficients corresponding to the set of rays and / or amplitude coefficients corresponding to the set of rays.

[0140] In some embodiments, one first piece of information may be associated with a subset of second vectors (or a subset of second information), and / or a subset of amplitude coefficients, and / or a subset of phase coefficients. In some embodiments, each of the subsets of second information, or each of the subsets of second vectors, or the first piece of information may be associated with a set of rays. In some embodiments, the value of the second piece of time information based on the second quantization may correspond to one ray in the set of rays.

[0141] In some embodiments, the first information may be associated with a subset of a third set of amplitude coefficients. Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the first information may be associated with a subset of a fourth set of phase coefficients.

[0142] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the first information may be associated with a set of rays, and each ray included in the set of rays may be associated with at least one of the following: amplitude coefficient, phase coefficient, or time value.

[0143] In some embodiments, the precoding matrix and / or CQI may be based on a subset of second vectors (or a subset of second information), a subset of amplitude coefficients, a subset of phase coefficients, and first information. In some embodiments, the precoding matrix and / or CQI may not be based on second time information and / or a set of rays and / or phase coefficients corresponding to the set of rays and / or amplitude coefficients corresponding to the set of rays.

[0144] In some embodiments, measurements on a set of rays may be based on an RS (or port of an RS) having a first size of band / resource block (PB) / subband. For example, the first size may be greater than a first threshold. In some embodiments, the first threshold may be a positive integer. For example, the first threshold may be greater than 20 and greater than or equal to 275. For example, the first threshold may be 52RB.

[0145] In some embodiments, if the measurement bandwidth size is smaller than a first threshold, at least one measurement report may not contain a set of rays to report.

[0146] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may further indicate at least one of the following: the number of second pieces of information associated with a set of rays, the number of sets of rays, or the number of rays included in a set of rays.

[0147] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the maximum number of rays included in a set of rays may be less than or equal to a threshold number. For example, the threshold number may be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15.

[0148] In some embodiments, a second piece of time information corresponding to one second piece of information (e.g., one delay or one path) or one ray may be within the range. In some embodiments, the range may be a threshold based on the ratio of the lengths of the SCS or Cyclic Prefix (CP). For example, the range may be A*CP, where A may be at least one of 1 / 2, 1 / 3, 1 / 4, 1 / 5, 1 / 6, or 1 / 8.

[0149] In some embodiments, for a channel model for a sensing target, two line-of-sight (LOS) paths may be modeled, and the LOS probability may be the product of the two LOS probabilities of the two paths.

[0150] To further understanding, we refer here to Figures 3A and 3B, which show an exemplary communication scenario 300A and an exemplary second piece of information 300B. In Figures 3A and 3B, the second piece of information 310 is associated with rays 311 and 312. In Figure 3B, the second piece of time information 350 corresponds to ray 311, and the second piece of time information 355 corresponds to ray 312.

[0151] Here, we refer to Figure 3C, which shows an example measurement report 300C. In Figure 3C, the second time information is represented as a difference value based on the values ​​of the first time information and / or the second time information corresponding to the second information.

[0152] In some embodiments, the second time information may be a difference value based on the value of the first time information corresponding to the second information F_ref, and the second information F1 may be based on the second time information of at least one ray corresponding to the second information F1. For example, the second information F1 may be rounded to the value of at least one ray based on a third quantization. In this case, it is not necessary to report the second information in the measurement report.

[0153] In some embodiments, one second piece of information may be associated with a set of rays.

[0154] In some embodiments, the set of rays may include a first subset of rays and a second subset of rays.

[0155] In some embodiments, the set of rays may include a first ray and a second ray.

[0156] In some embodiments, a set of rays associated with one second piece of information may be associated with more than one subset of the first vector (or more than one subset of the first piece of information).

[0157] In some embodiments, a set of rays associated with one second piece of information may be associated with a first subset of the first vector (or a first subset of the first piece of information) and a second subset of the first vector (or a second subset of the first piece of information).

[0158] In some embodiments, a first subset of rays or a first ray may be associated with a first subset of a first vector (or a first subset of first information).

[0159] In some embodiments, a second subset of rays or a second ray may be associated with a second subset of the first vector (or a second subset of the first information).

[0160] In some embodiments, a first subset of rays and a second subset of rays within a set of rays may be indexed or distinguished based on a second temporal information and / or a first subset of the first vector (or a first subset of the first information) and a second subset of the first vector (or a second subset of the first information).

[0161] In some embodiments, the first and second rays in a set of rays may be indexed or distinguished based on second temporal information and / or a first subset of the first vector (or a first subset of the first information) and a second subset of the first vector (or a second subset of the first information).

[0162] In some embodiments, the first subset of the first vector may consist of a first set of adjacent first vectors.

[0163] In some embodiments, the second subset of the first vector may consist of a second set of adjacent first vectors.

[0164] Here, we refer to Figures 4A and 4B, which show exemplary communication scenario 400A and exemplary measurement report 400C, respectively.

[0165] In Figures 4A and 4B, the second time information 450 corresponds to ray 410, the second time information 460 corresponds to ray 420, and the second time information 450 and 460 are difference values ​​based on F_ref.

[0166] In some embodiments, different rays included in a set of rays may be associated with different first information or different subsets of the first information.

[0167] To further understanding, we refer here to Figures 5A and 5B, which illustrate an exemplary communication scenario 500A and an exemplary second piece of information 500B. In Figures 5A and 5B, rays 510 and 520 are associated with the same second piece of information, but with different first pieces of information (e.g., different subsets of the first vector). In this case, in addition to the second timing information 550 for ray 510 and the second timing information 560 for ray 520, the respective first pieces of information corresponding to rays 510 and 520 are required. In other words, each ray may be indexed based on its respective second timing information and / or its respective first piece of information (e.g., each subset of the first vector).

[0168] As described above, in some embodiments, at least one measurement report may be associated with at least two different functions or uses. To better support at least two different functions or uses, at least one measurement report may show a first subset of information associated with a first function or first use, and a second subset of information associated with a second function or second use that is different from the first function or first use.

[0169] The following provides further details on how to represent the first and second subsets of information. In summary, the first and second subsets of information are related to each other.

[0170] In some embodiments, the first subset of information and the second subset of information overlap at least partially. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first subset of information is a subset of the second subset of information. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the second subset of information is a subset of the first subset of information.

[0171] Furthermore, in some embodiments, at least one measurement report may also include whether a first subset of information is included in a second subset, or whether it is applied to the calculation / reporting of precoding and / or CSI and / or CQI and / or PMI.

[0172] In some embodiments, a first subset of information in at least one measurement report may be configured for a first function / application (e.g., sensing), and a second subset of information in at least one measurement report may be configured for a second function / application (e.g., precoding or calculation / reporting of CQI, PMI, or CSI, i.e., for communication). As a result, the CQI may be calculated based on the second subset of information. Furthermore, in some embodiments, different subsets of information may be applied to different layers for precoding or calculation / reporting of CQI, CSI, or PMI. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the second subset may also include multiple layers, and these multiple layers may also be included in at least one measurement report.

[0173] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may represent a first subset of information, and the second measurement report may represent a second subset of information.

[0174] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first measurement report may be used for a first function, and the second measurement report may be used for a second function.

[0175] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first measurement report may include a first portion of the measurement results, and the second measurement report may include a second portion of the measurement results.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may include at least one of the following: a first set of information, a second set of information, or a set of at least one ray information associated with each second piece of information included in the second set of information, and the second measurement report may include at least one of the following: a selection of first information included in the first set of information, or a selection of second information included in the second set of information.

[0177] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may include a first measurement report and / or a second measurement report, and at least one piece of information / indication in the second measurement report may be associated with, based on, or depend on at least one piece of information / indication in the first measurement report.

[0178] In some embodiments, the payload of the second measurement report may be based on at least one piece of information / instruction in the first measurement report. In some embodiments, a first subset of the information may be included in the first measurement report. In some embodiments, a second subset of the information may be included in the second measurement report.

[0179] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may be a report relating to a first function or first application (e.g., sensing).

[0180] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may be a report relating to a second function or second application (for example, relating to CSI / PMI / CQI calculation / reporting, or relating to communication, or relating to CSI / PMI / CQI reporting).

[0181] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may be the most recent report prior to the second measurement report.

[0182] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may be a first part of at least one measurement report, and the second measurement report may be a second part of at least one measurement report.

[0183] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may include at least one second piece of information (e.g., a set of delays / paths, each second piece of information may be time information (e.g., the time information may be at least one of first time information, second time information, and third time information) and / or at least one second piece of time information for a set of rays associated with one of the at least one second piece of information).

[0184] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may also include at least one first piece of information, a set of amplitude coefficients (each amplitude coefficient may correspond to one second piece of information or one ray).

[0185] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may include instructions for selecting at least one second piece of information within the first measurement report and / or instructions for selecting at least one first piece of information within the first measurement report.

[0186] In some embodiments, one second piece of information in the first measurement report may be converted into a second vector.

[0187] In some embodiments, this is a second vector having a third length or a third oversampling coefficient.

[0188] In some embodiments, the third length may be smaller than the second length. In some embodiments, the third oversampling coefficient may be smaller than the second oversampling coefficient.

[0189] In some embodiments, the third length may be a positive integer. For example, the third length may be between 1 and 18.

[0190] In some embodiments, the instruction for selecting at least one second piece of information may be based on a bitmap having size S_f. In some embodiments, S_f may be a positive integer. For example, S_f may be between 1 and 18. In some embodiments, S_f may be the (maximum) number of second pieces of information and / or the (maximum) number of rays in the first measurement report.

[0191] In some embodiments, the instruction for selecting at least one first piece of information may be based on a bitmap having size S_s. In some embodiments, S_s may be a positive integer. For example, S_s may be between 1 and 8. In some embodiments, S_s may be the (maximum) number of first pieces of information in the first measurement report.

[0192] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may also include at least one of the following: at least one first piece of information, a set of amplitude coefficients corresponding to the selected at least one second piece of information and / or the selected at least one first piece of information, and a set of phase coefficients corresponding to the selected at least one second piece of information and / or the selected at least one first piece of information.

[0193] To further understanding, refer here to Figure 6, which shows an example of the second piece of information 600. In Figure 6, the first measurement report may include ray 610, ray 620, second piece of information 630, and second piece of information 640, and the second measurement report may include second piece of information 650 (for example, second piece of information 650 may correspond to or be associated with rays 610 and 620) and second piece of information 660 (for example, second piece of information 660 and second piece of information 630 may be the same, or correspond to the same time information value, or correspond to the same second vector). Alternatively, the first measurement report may include ray 615, ray 625, second information 635, and second information 645, and the second measurement report may include second information 655 (for example, second information 655 may correspond to or be associated with rays 615 and 625) and second information 665 (for example, second information 665 and second information 635 may be the same, or correspond to the same time information value, or correspond to the same second vector).

[0194] In some embodiments, the first device may be configured to determine / report, based on a second configuration, at least one value of second temporal information and / or at least one amplitude coefficient for at least one ray, where the second configuration may be an indication of second information and / or at least one first vector or at least one indication of first information (for example, at least one first vector or at least one first piece of information may be associated with second information).

[0195] In some embodiments, the first apparatus may determine / report, for at least one ray, at least one value of the second temporal information and / or at least one amplitude coefficient, based on the second configuration in the second measurement report.

[0196] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may also include an indication of the number of rays, at least one ray.

[0197] In some embodiments, the number of at least one ray may be a difference value based on the number of rays in the first measurement report. For example, the difference value may be at least one of {-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4}, {-2, -1, 0, +1}, or {-1, 0, +1, +2}.

[0198] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may also include a bitmap for indicating / selecting at least one ray in the first measurement report. In some embodiments, a single bit value of 1 (or 0) in the bitmap may indicate that the corresponding ray is present in the second measurement report, and a single bit value of 0 (or 1) in the bitmap may indicate that the corresponding ray is not present in the second measurement report.

[0199] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may also include an indication of the number of additional rays in the second measurement report. In some embodiments, the total number of at least one ray in the second measurement report may be based on the bitmap (or the number of bits in the bitmap that have the value 1) and the number of additional rays. In some embodiments, the value of the indication of the number of additional rays may be at least one of {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}.

[0200] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may also include indication of time information relating to the number of additional rays (e.g., at least one of the first time information, the second time information, and the third time information).

[0201] In some embodiments, the second time information corresponding to a ray in the second measurement report may be a difference value based on the time information corresponding to that ray in the first measurement report.

[0202] In some embodiments, the amplitude coefficient corresponding to a ray in the second measurement report may be a difference value based on the amplitude coefficient corresponding to that ray in the first measurement report.

[0203] In some embodiments, if one code point within the difference value can be <X, it may indicate that there is no ray in the second measurement report.

[0204] In some embodiments, the second device 120 may instruct the first device 110 to report measurement results associated with specific first information or second information. Referring further to FIG. 2A, the second device 120 may transmit (220) second configuration information indicating at least one first information and / or at least one second information to the first device 110. Based on the second configuration, the first device 110 may transmit a measurement report including measurement results regarding at least one ray or at least one newly detected ray associated with the indicated first information and / or second information.

[0205] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may be configured to determine / report at least one value of second time information and / or at least one amplitude coefficient for at least one ray based on the second configuration, where the second configuration may be an indication of the second information and / or an indication of at least one first vector (e.g., at least one first vector may be associated with the second information).

[0206] In some embodiments, the second reported measurement may also include the number of at least one ray.

[0207] In some embodiments, the number of at least one ray may be a difference value based on the number of rays in the first measurement report. For example, the difference value may be {-1, 0, +1, +2}.

[0208] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may also include a bitmap for the indication / selection of at least one ray in the first measurement report. Specifically, the bit value "1" may indicate the presence of a ray, and the bit value "0" may indicate the absence of a ray.

[0209] In some embodiments, the second measurement report may also include an additional number of rays (e.g., newly detected rays), and the number of at least one ray in the second measurement report may be based on the bitmap and the additional number of rays.

[0210] Furthermore, the second measurement report may also include time information regarding the additional number of rays, where the second time information corresponding to one ray in the second measurement report may be a difference value based on the time information corresponding to that ray in the first measurement report.

[0211] In some embodiments, the amplitude coefficient corresponding to one ray in the second measurement report may be a difference value based on the amplitude coefficient corresponding to that ray in the first measurement report. For example, if the code point in the difference value is <X, it may indicate that the ray does not exist.

[0212] In some embodiments, the first device may be configured / shown in a third configuration, where the third configuration may indicate at least one first information and / or at least one second information.

[0213] In some embodiments, at least one first information and / or at least one second information shown / configured in the third configuration, and / or at least one amplitude coefficient corresponding to at least one first information, and / or at least one amplitude coefficient corresponding to at least one second information, and / or at least one phase coefficient corresponding to at least one first information, and / or at least one phase coefficient corresponding to at least one second information may not be applicable to the second function or the second use (e.g., PMI / CSI / CQI calculation / reporting).

[0214] To further understanding, refer here to Figure 7, which shows an example of the second piece of information 700. In Figure 1A, the first measurement report may include rays 710, 720, the second piece of information 730, and the second piece of information 740, and the second measurement report may include rays 715 (update of ray 710) and 725 (update of ray 720). Furthermore, the second pieces of information 730 and 740 are not selected and are therefore not pre-set in the second measurement report. The second measurement report may also include additional (newly detected) second piece of information 755, which may be associated with a different set of first vectors than those associated with the second piece of information 740.

[0215] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report may include a first measurement report and / or a second measurement report, and the information contained in the second measurement report may be associated with the information contained in the first measurement report.

[0216] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the payload of the second measurement report may be based on the information in the first measurement report. In one exemplary embodiment, a first subset of the information may be included in the first measurement report, and a second subset of the information may be included in the second measurement report. In another exemplary embodiment, the first measurement report may be a measurement report for sensing, and the second measurement report may be a report for CSI / PMI / CQI.

[0217] In further exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may be the first part of the measurement report, and the second measurement report may be the second part of the measurement report.

[0218] In further exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may be the most recent report prior to the second measurement report.

[0219] In some embodiments, the first measurement report may include a second set of second information (e.g., a set of delays, each of which may be time information, e.g., at least one of first / second / third time information) and / or at least one second time information for a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of information.

[0220] The first measurement report may also include at least one first piece of information, a set of amplitude coefficients, where each amplitude coefficient may correspond to one second piece of information or one ray.

[0221] The second measurement report may include instructions for selecting at least one second piece of information within the first measurement report and / or instructions for selecting at least one piece of first information within the first measurement report. Furthermore, the second piece of information within the first measurement report (e.g., time information) may be converted into a second vector (e.g., an FD vector). In some embodiments, the second vector has a third length or a third oversampling coefficient, where the third length or third oversampling coefficient is smaller than the second length or second oversampling coefficient.

[0222] In some embodiments, the selection instruction may be based on a bitmap having size S_f, where S_f may be the number of delays and / or rays in the first measurement report.

[0223] Furthermore, in addition to the second information, the second measurement report may also include a set of the first information, a set of amplitude / phase coefficients corresponding to the selected second information, and a set of the first information.

[0224] In some embodiments, the second device 120 may analyze the measurement report and present the analysis results to the first device 110. In some embodiments, the second device 120 may transmit (240) third configuration information indicating at least one of the first set of information or the second set of information that is not applicable to a particular function (e.g., CSI / PMI / CQI calculation / reporting).

[0225] In some embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one first antenna port and at least one second antenna port, in order to support multiple functions. The first and second antenna ports may be configured with different parameters. For example, a reference signal for at least one measurement report may be configured as a P port, where P is one of {1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 64, 96, 128}.

[0226] In some embodiments, at least one first antenna port may be configured with a first density of frequency resources, and at least one second antenna port may be configured with a second density of frequency resources, the second density being different from the first density.

[0227] In one exemplary embodiment, one of the P ports (e.g., a first port) may be configured with a first density equal to or greater than 1 (e.g., 3 or 6) within a single PRB, and the other ports of the P may be configured with a second density equal to or less than 1 within a single PRB.

[0228] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one first antenna port may be configured with a first size of the transmitting resource, and at least one second antenna port may be configured with a second size of the transmitting resource that is different from the first size of the transmitting resource.

[0229] In one exemplary embodiment, one of the P ports (e.g., a first port) may be configured with a first size of PRB, and the other P ports may be configured with a second size of PRB, where the first size is greater than the second size. For example, the first size may be greater than a first threshold (e.g., 52).

[0230] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one first antenna port may be used for a first function, and at least one second antenna port may be used for a second function different from the first function.

[0231] In one exemplary embodiment, the first port may be primarily applied to sensing measurements, while all P ports may be applied to communications (e.g., CSI measurements).

[0232] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may receive RS for at least one measurement report based on the same spatial Rx filter.

[0233] Furthermore, the transmission priority of measurement reports as described herein may be defined. In some embodiments, a measurement report (or first measurement report) showing a first subset of information may have a higher or lower priority than a measurement report (or second measurement report) showing a second subset of information.

[0234] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one measurement report described herein may have a higher or lower priority than a CSI report that transmits Layer 1-reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) or Layer 1-signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (L1-SINR).

[0235] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one measurement report described herein may have a higher or lower priority than a CSI report that does not transmit L1-RSRP or L1-SINR.

[0236] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one measurement report described herein may have a higher or lower priority than all other CSI reports.

[0237] The second device 120 may not only receive measurement reports from the first device 110, but may also instruct the first device to transmit an RS and detect an object by measuring the RS itself. In this particular scenario, the first device 110 may be Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), Fixed Wireless Access (FWA), or a network device.

[0238] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may receive configuration information from the second device 120, where the configuration information may include at least one of the following: the configuration of the first RS, trigger information for the first RS, a set of first information, and a set of second information.

[0239] Based on configuration information from the second device 120, the first device 110 may transmit a first RS (e.g., a sensing RS) to the second device 120, where the first RS may be applied to communication and / or sensing.

[0240] In some embodiments, the SD filter for transmitting the first RS may be based on a measurement of the second RS corresponding to a first set of information and / or a second set of information.

[0241] The following references to Figure 2B, which illustrates another signaling flow 200B of communication according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, the signaling flow 200B will be described using, for example, a first node 115, a second node 125, and a functional entity 185, with reference to Figure 1B.

[0242] It should be understood that the operation of the first node 115, the second node, and the functional entity 185 should be coordinated. In other words, the first node 115, the second node, and the functional entity 185 should have a common understanding of configuration, parameters, etc. Such a common understanding may be achieved through any appropriate interaction between the first node 115, the second node 125, and the functional entity 185, or by all of the first node 115, the second node, and the functional entity 185 applying the same rules / policies.

[0243] In the following, some operations are described from the perspective of the first node 115 / second node 125 / functional entity 185, but it should be understood that the corresponding operations should be performed by other devices. For brevity, some of the same or similar content has been omitted here.

[0244] In some exemplary embodiments, the first node 115 may operate as a terminal device or a network device, the second node 125 may operate as a network device, and the functional entity 185 may operate as a functional entity that includes at least one of AMF, ISMF, SF, or LMF.

[0245] In some embodiments, the first node 115 may receive at least one first message (also called a first signaling) for sensing. As shown in Figure 2B, the first node 115 (e.g., a network device) may receive at least one first message for sensing from a functional entity 185 (e.g., a 5GC function) (215-1).

[0246] Alternatively, or further, the first node 115 (e.g., a terminal device) may receive at least one first message for sensing from the second node 125 (e.g., a network device) (215-3).

[0247] Alternatively, or further, a second node 125 (e.g., a network device) may also receive at least one first message for sensing. As shown in Figure 2B, the second node 125 may receive at least one first message for sensing from a functional entity 185 (e.g., a 5GC function) (215-2).

[0248] In some embodiments, after communicating at least one first message, a sensing measurement may be performed between the first node 115 and the second node 150.

[0249] In some embodiments, the first node 115 may receive a first set of RSs from the second node 125 (225-1) and determine at least one second message by measuring the first set of RSs. As a result, the first node 115 may send at least one second message to the second node 125 (235-1). Alternatively, or further, the first node 115 may send at least one second message to the functional entity 185 (235-2).

[0250] In some embodiments, at least one first message for sensing may include at least one first configuration (as described with reference to Figure 2A). In this case, at least one second message may be generated / sent based on the first message.

[0251] In some embodiments, the above at least one second message may represent at least one of the following: • A set of first information (e.g., a first vector) related to the SD. For example, the first set of information may be used to transmit a first set of RS. In another example, the first set of information may be measured based on a first set of RS. A set of second information (e.g., a second vector) related to FD or path timing information. • A set of timing information for the set of rays associated with the second information within the set of second information mentioned above. • A set of third information (e.g., a third vector) related to the SD. For example, the third set of information may be used to receive the first set of RS. In another example, the third set of information may be measured based on the first set of RS. · The first set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the above set of first information, or • The second set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the above set of third information.

[0252] In some embodiments, the first information may be at least one of the following: an SD vector, a CSI-RS port, an AoD, a ZoD, a transmit beam, a transmit SD filter, or a first vector. In other words, the first information may be good at identifying spatial information for transmitting a first set of RS.

[0253] In some embodiments, the length of the first information may be based on the number of antenna ports of the second node 125 located in the first set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the second node 125 used for transmission.

[0254] In some embodiments, the non-zero coefficients may be amplitude coefficients and / or phase coefficients.

[0255] In some embodiments, the second information may be at least one of the following: an FD vector, path timing information, a delay, or a second vector. Further details regarding the second information may be found in the description relating to Figures 2A, 3A to 7.

[0256] In some embodiments, the second information may be represented by the following exemplary information elements. numberOfPaths INTEGER (1..X2_1), numberOfPathsWithRay INTEGER (1..X2_2), timingReferencePath INTEGER(0..X2_3), timingQuantityForReferencePath(e.g., first quantization), additionalPathList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..numberOfPaths-1 or X2_1 -1)) OF relativeTimePath, timingQuantityForAdditionalPath(e.g., second quantization), relativeTimePath INTEGER(0..X2_4), pathWithRayList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..numberOfPathsWithRay -1 or X2_2 -1)) OF pathWithRay, pathWithRayList ::= SEQUENCE { numberOfRays INTEGER(0..X2_5), rayList RayList, } RayList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..numberOfRays -1 or X2_5 -1)) OF rayPerPath, timingQuantityForRay (e.g., third quantization), rayPerPath INTEGER(0..X2_6).

[0257] In some embodiments, X2_1 may be a positive integer, for example, 1 <= X2_1 <= 20. In some embodiments, X2_2 may be a positive integer, for example, 1 <= X2_2 <= 4.

[0258] In some embodiments, the third information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, receiving CSI-RS port, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receiving beam, and receiving SD filter. In other words, the third information may better identify spatial information for receiving the first set of RS.

[0259] In some embodiments, the length of the third piece of information (e.g., the third vector) may be based on the number of antenna ports of the first node 115 located in the first set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node 115 for reception.

[0260] In some embodiments, the second node 125 may measure RS and obtain information used for sensing. The procedure is described below.

[0261] In some embodiments, at least one first message may indicate resources used to transmit a second set of RS. In some embodiments, the resources may be time-domain resources and / or frequency-domain resources for the second set of RS, such as subcarrier positions and / or symbol indices.

[0262] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one first message may indicate a set of transmission parameters used to transmit a second set of RS. In some embodiments, the transmission parameters may include, but are not limited to, density, periodicity, and offset.

[0263] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one first message may indicate a fourth set of information related to the SD and used to transmit a second set of RS. In some embodiments, the fourth information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter.

[0264] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one first message may indicate a set of non-zero coefficients (including amplitude coefficients and / or phase coefficients) for transmitting a second set of RS.

[0265] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the length of the fourth piece of information may be based on the number of antenna ports of the first node 115 located in the second set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node 115 used for transmission.

[0266] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, at least one first message may represent at least one second piece of information relating to the FD and related to path timing information, at least one delay, or at least one second vector. In some embodiments, the second piece of information may be at least one of the FD vector or path timing information.

[0267] Using the above information, the second node 125 may instruct the first node 115 to send a second set of RS. The second node 125 may then receive the second set of RS (225-2), as shown in Figure 2B. By measuring the second set of RS, the second node 125 may obtain at least one third message containing information to be used for sensing.

[0268] In some embodiments, the second node 125 may transmit (245-1) at least one third message including information used for sensing to the first node 115. Alternatively, or additionally, the second node 125 may transmit (245-2) at least one third message including information used for sensing to the functional entity 185.

[0269] In some embodiments, at least one third message is related to SD and indicates a fifth set of information used to receive a second set of RSs.

[0270] In some embodiments, the fifth information (also referred to as the fifth vector) may be at least one of an SD vector, one channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port for reception, angle of arrival (AoA), angle of arrival (AoA), zenith angle of arrival (ZoA), reception beam, reception SD filter.

[0271] In some embodiments, the second set of RSs may be transmitted based on measurements of the first set of RSs. Specifically, in some embodiments, the second node 125 may transmit the first set of RSs to the first node 115, and the transmission of the second set of RSs may be based on the reception / measurement of the first set of RSs.

[0272] In some embodiments, at least one second / third message may further indicate the first position information of the first node 115. In some embodiments, the first position information may include at least one of the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first node 115, the first horizontal direction information of the antenna panel of the first node 115, or the first vertical direction information of the antenna panel of the first node 115.

[0273] Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, at least one second / third message may further indicate the second location information of the second node 125. In some embodiments, the second location information may include at least one of the second three-dimensional coordinates of the first node 115, the second horizontal direction information of the antenna panel of the second node 125, or the second vertical direction information of the antenna panel of the second node 125.

[0274] In some embodiments, the first node 115 and the second node 125 may exchange location information. In some embodiments, the first node 115 (or the second node 125) may distribute / transmit the first location information of the first node 115 (or the second location information of the second node 125) to the second node 125 (or the first node 115) and / or the functional entity 185.

[0275] In some embodiments, the first and second location information may be mapped to the same coordinate system. In some embodiments, the first and second location information may be based on positioning.

[0276] In some embodiments, if the first and second location information belong to different coordinate systems, a coordinate system conversion is required.

[0277] In some embodiments, if at least one first information and / or at least one fourth information and / or the first location information are associated with the second node 125 or associated with the second coordinate system, and they are distributed to the first node 115 and / or the functional entity 185, they may be converted to the first coordinate system (associated with the first node 115), or the third coordinate system (which may be set for the first node 115 and the second node 125 from, for example, the functional entity 185).

[0278] In some embodiments, if at least one third piece of information and / or at least one fifth piece of information is associated with a first node or a first coordinate system, and if they are delivered to a second node 125 and / or a functional entity 185, they may be converted to a second coordinate system (associated with the second node) or a third coordinate system (which may be set from the functional entity 185 to the first node 115 and the second node 125).

[0279] As described above, after the first message is communicated, at least one second message containing information to be used for sensing may be determined by the first node, and at least one third message containing information to be used for sensing may be determined by the second node. The information to be used for sensing may be obtained by appropriate network elements by communicating at least one second message and at least one third message between the first node, the second node, and the functional entity.

[0280] In some embodiments, the information used for sensing contained in at least one second message may be the same as the information used for sensing contained in at least one third message.

[0281] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the information used for sensing contained in at least one second message may partially overlap with the information used for sensing contained in at least one third message. In other words, some of the information used for sensing contained in at least one second message may be the same as some of the information used for sensing contained in at least one third message.

[0282] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the information used for sensing contained in at least one second message may be a subset of the information used for sensing contained in at least one third message.

[0283] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the information used for sensing contained in at least one third message may be a subset of the information used for sensing contained in at least one second message.

[0284] In some embodiments, the information used for sensing contained in at least one second message may be different from the information used for sensing contained in at least one third message.

[0285] Optionally, capability-related information may be exchanged between the first node 115, the second node 125, and the functional entity 185. As shown in Figure 2B, in some embodiments, the first node 115 may transmit (201-1) first capability-related information to the second node 125 indicating whether the capability relating to the second message is supported by the first node 115.

[0286] In some embodiments, before transmitting the first capability-related information, the first node 115 may receive a first request for the first capability-related information from the second node 125.

[0287] Alternatively, or further, the first node 115 may transmit first capability-related information to the functional entity 185 indicating whether the capability relating to the second message is supported by the first node 115 (201-2).

[0288] In some embodiments, the first capability-related information may further indicate whether the first node 115 supports ISAC, and may further indicate whether the first node 115 supports generating / measuring / transmitting a second message. Alternatively, or further, the first capability-related information may further indicate whether the first node 115 supports generating / measuring / transmitting at least one measurement report, including a first measurement report and a second measurement report associated with the first measurement report, or whether it supports generating / measuring / transmitting at least one measurement report used for at least two applications / functions, etc. In summary, the first capability-related information may indicate any appropriate capability information of the first node 115.

[0289] In some embodiments, the first node may receive a first request for the first capability-related information from the functional entity 185 before transmitting the first capability-related information.

[0290] Similar to the first node 115, in some embodiments, the second node 125 may also transmit second capability-related information to the functional entity 185 (201-1), where the second capability-related information indicates whether the capability relating to the third message is supported by the second node 125.

[0291] It should be understood that the second capability-related information may represent any appropriate capability information of the second node 125. This disclosure is not limited in this respect.

[0292] Following the above procedure, the functional entity 185 may receive at least one second message from the first node 115 and / or at least one third message from the second node 125. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may determine a sensing result (255-1) based on at least one second message and / or at least one third message.

[0293] In some embodiments, when the functional entity 185 comprises a plurality of 5GC functions, the sensing results may be exchanged among the plurality of 5GC functions.

[0294] In some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may include the AMF and / or the ISMF. The ISMF may provide a sensing service response to the AMF and may include any required measurement values (e.g., an indication of success or failure and / or at least one measurement value and / or first location information and / or second location information).

[0295] In some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may include the AMF and / or the ISMF. The ISMF may provide a sensing service response to the AMF and may include any required measurement values (e.g., an indication of success or failure).

[0296] In some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may include the AMF and / or the ISMF, and the ISMF may distribute / transmit the measurement values to the application function.

[0297] Alternatively, or additionally, in some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may transmit (255-3) the sensing results to the second node 125, transmit (255-4) the sensing results to the first node 115, and / or transmit (255-4) the sensing results to the sensing service requester.

[0298] Optionally, the above procedure may be triggered by a sensing service request. In some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may receive (205-1) the sensing service request from the sensing service requester.

[0299] Alternatively, or additionally, when the functional entity 185 may comprise a plurality of 5GC functions, the sensing service request may be triggered (205-2) by one of the 5GC functions.

[0300] In some embodiments, one 5GC function of the functional entity 185 may determine the need for some sensing service for at least one target (e.g., within the coverage area of ​​a first node 115 and / or a second node 125).

[0301] In some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may include an AMF and / or an ISMF, and the AMF may transmit sensing service requests to the ISMF.

[0302] Alternatively, or further, in some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may receive sensing service requests from a second node 125 (205-3) and / or from a first node 115 (205-4).

[0303] In some embodiments, several entities within the 5GC (e.g., sensing service requesters) may request some sensing service for at least one target from a first function that provides the service.

[0304] In some embodiments, the first node 115 and / or the second node 125 may request some sensing service for at least one target from the functional entity.

[0305] In some embodiments, a sensing service request may include a request for sensing and / or a request for measurement reporting.

[0306] In some embodiments, when the functional entity 185 receives a sensing service request from the sensing service requester (e.g., a 5GC entity), the functional entity 185 may return a sensing service response (i.e., a sensing result) to the 5GC entity. The sensing service response may include any required results (e.g., an indication of success or failure, and / or at least one measurement and / or a first location and / or a second location).

[0307] In some embodiments, if a sensing service request can be triggered by one of the 5GC functions (205-2), for example, function entity 185 may include AMF and / or ISMF, and the AMF may transmit the sensing service request to ISMF. In this case, function entity 185 may use sensing service responses to support the service. In some embodiments, a first function providing a service included in function entity 185 (e.g., AMF) may determine the need for some sensing service for at least one target (e.g., within the coverage area of ​​a first node and / or a second node).

[0308] In some embodiments, if the functional entity 185 receives a sensing service request from a second node 125 (205-3) and / or a sensing service request from a first node 115 (205-4), the functional entity 185 may return a sensing service response to the first node 115 and / or the second node 125, which may include any necessary sensing results (e.g., at least one measurement and / or a first location and / or a second location).

[0309] In some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may enable the AMF to request the NG-RAN node to report at least one measurement and / or first location information and / or second location information of the first node and / or second node.

[0310] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the functional entity 185 may enable the NG-RAN node to report at least one measurement and / or first location information and / or second location information of the first node and / or second node.

[0311] In some embodiments, the following procedure is used to report target measurements: integrated sensing report control, integrated sensing report, integrated sensing report fault indication.

[0312] In some embodiments, the first node 115 may be in connection mode or connected to the second node 125 and / or a functional entity. Exemplary Method

[0313] Figure 8A shows a flowchart of a communication method 800A implemented in a first apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, method 800A will be described in terms of the first apparatus 110 in Figure 1A.

[0314] In block 810, the first device receives first configuration information for at least one measurement report from the second device.

[0315] In block 820, the first device transmits to the second device, based on the first configuration information, at least one of the following: a first set of first information relating to the spatial domain (SD), a second set of second information relating to frequency domain (FD) or path timing information, a third set of amplitude coefficients, a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a fifth set of timing information for a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of information in the second set of second information. Furthermore, the at least one measurement report includes at least one of the first subset of information and a second subset of information (where the first or second subset of information is applied to the calculation / reporting of a precoder or channel quality indicator (CQI) or PMI or CSI), or the first measurement report and the second measurement report associated with the first measurement report.

[0316] In some exemplary embodiments, the first information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, one channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure angle, departure zenith angle (ZoD), direction angle, or beam, and the second information may be at least one of the following: FD vector or path timing information.

[0317] In some exemplary embodiments, the first configuration information may represent at least one of the following: the number of first pieces of information included in the first set, the number of second pieces of information included in the second set, the number of amplitude coefficients, or the number of phase coefficients.

[0318] In some exemplary embodiments, each second piece of information included in the second set may be represented by an absolute time value, or one of the second pieces of information included in the second set may be represented as a reference second piece of information and represented by an absolute time value, while each of the other second pieces of information may be represented by a difference in time value between the time value and the absolute time value of the other second piece of information.

[0319] In some exemplary embodiments, the second set of second information may be represented by a set of FD vectors corresponding to the second set of second information, and an absolute time value corresponding to one of the sets of FD vectors shown as the reference second information.

[0320] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one measurement report may further provide a reference second piece of information.

[0321] In some exemplary embodiments, the difference time value may be expressed based on quantization associated with at least one of the following: the size of the frequency band for at least one measurement report, the size of the bandwidth portion (BWP) for at least one measurement report, or the size of the subcarrier space (SCS) for at least one measurement report.

[0322] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one measurement report may be associated with at least two different functions and show a first subset of information associated with a first function and a second subset of information associated with a second function different from the first function.

[0323] In some exemplary embodiments, the first subset of information and the second subset of information may overlap at least partially, the first subset of information may be a subset of the second subset of information, or the second subset of information may be a subset of the first subset of information.

[0324] In some exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may show a first subset of information associated with a first function, and the second measurement report may show a second subset of information associated with a second function distinct from the first function.

[0325] In some exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may be used for a first function, and the second measurement report may be used for a second function.

[0326] In some exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may include a first portion of the measurement results, and the second measurement report may include a second portion of the measurement results.

[0327] In some exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may include at least one of the following: a first set of information, a second set of information, or a set of at least one ray information associated with each second piece of information included in the second set of information, and the second measurement report may include at least one of the following: a selection of first information included in the first set of information, or a selection of second information included in the second set of information.

[0328] In some exemplary embodiments, transmitting at least one measurement report includes receiving from a second device second configuration information indicating at least one first piece of information and / or at least one second piece of information, and transmitting to the second device a measurement report including measurement results relating to at least one ray or at least one newly detected ray associated with at least one first piece of information and / or at least one second piece of information.

[0329] In some exemplary embodiments, the first device may receive from the second device third configuration information indicating at least one of a first set of information or a second set of information that is not applicable to a particular function.

[0330] In some exemplary embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one first antenna port and at least one second antenna port, wherein the at least one first antenna port is configured with a first density of frequency resources, and the at least one second antenna port is configured with a second density of frequency resources, the second density being different from the first density, the at least one first antenna port is configured with a first size of transmission resources, and the at least one second antenna port is configured with a second size of transmission resources different from the first size of transmission resources, or the at least one first antenna port is used for a first function and the at least one second antenna port is used for a second function different from the first function.

[0331] In some exemplary embodiments, the second information may be associated with at least one of the following: a subset of a first set of the first information (where the first information contained in the subset of the first set of the first information is contiguous), a subset of a third set of amplitude coefficients, a subset of a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a set of rays (each ray contained in the set of rays is associated with at least one of the following: an amplitude coefficient, a phase coefficient, or a time value, where the time value is represented by one of the following: the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to the ray and the time value corresponding to the second information to which the set of rays is associated, or the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to the ray and the time value corresponding to the reference second information).

[0332] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one measurement report may further indicate at least one of the following: the number of second pieces of information associated with the set of rays, or the number of rays included in the set of rays.

[0333] In some exemplary embodiments, different rays included in a set of rays may be associated with different first information or different subsets of the first information.

[0334] In some exemplary embodiments, the maximum number of rays included in a set of rays may be less than or equal to a threshold number.

[0335] In some exemplary embodiments, at least two different functions may include a first sensing function and a second communication function.

[0336] In some exemplary embodiments, the first device may be a terminal device, and the second device may be a network device.

[0337] Figure 8B shows a flowchart of communication method 800B implemented in a second apparatus according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, method 800B will be described in terms of the second apparatus 120 in Figure 1A.

[0338] In block 850, the second device transmits first configuration information for at least one measurement report to the first device.

[0339] In block 860, the second device receives from the first device, based on the first configuration information, at least one of the following: a first set of first information relating to the spatial domain (SD), a second set of second information relating to frequency domain (FD) or path timing information, a third set of amplitude coefficients, a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a fifth set of timing information for a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of information in the second set of second information. Furthermore, the at least one measurement report includes at least one of the first subset of information and a second subset of information (where the first or second subset of information is applied to the calculation / reporting of a precoder or channel quality indicator (CQI) or CSI or PMI), or the first measurement report and a second measurement report associated with the first measurement report.

[0340] In some exemplary embodiments, the first information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, one channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure angle, departure zenith angle (ZoD), direction angle, or beam, and the second information may be at least one of the following: FD vector or path timing information.

[0341] In some exemplary embodiments, the first configuration information may represent at least one of the following: the number of first pieces of information included in the first set, the number of second pieces of information included in the second set, the number of amplitude coefficients, or the number of phase coefficients.

[0342] In some exemplary embodiments, each second piece of information included in the second set may be represented by an absolute time value, or one of the second pieces of information included in the second set may be represented as a reference second piece of information and represented by an absolute time value, while each of the other second pieces of information may be represented by a difference in time value between the time value and the absolute time value of the other second piece of information.

[0343] In some exemplary embodiments, the second set of second information may be represented by a set of FD vectors corresponding to the second set of second information, and an absolute time value corresponding to one of the sets of FD vectors shown as the reference second information.

[0344] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one measurement report may further provide a reference second piece of information.

[0345] In some exemplary embodiments, the difference time value may be expressed based on quantization associated with at least one of the following: the size of the frequency band for at least one measurement report, the size of the bandwidth portion (BWP) for at least one measurement report, or the size of the subcarrier space (SCS) for at least one measurement report.

[0346] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one measurement report may be associated with at least two different functions and show a first subset of information associated with a first function and a second subset of information associated with a second function different from the first function.

[0347] In some exemplary embodiments, the first subset of information and the second subset of information may overlap at least partially, the first subset of information may be a subset of the second subset of information, or the second subset of information may be a subset of the first subset of information.

[0348] In some exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may show a first subset of information associated with a first function, and the second measurement report may show a second subset of information associated with a second function distinct from the first function.

[0349] In some exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may be used for a first function, and the second measurement report may be used for a second function.

[0350] In some exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may include a first portion of the measurement results, and the second measurement report may include a second portion of the measurement results.

[0351] In some exemplary embodiments, the first measurement report may include at least one of the following: a first set of information, a second set of information, or a set of at least one ray information associated with each second piece of information included in the second set of information, and the second measurement report may include at least one of the following: a selection of first information included in the first set of information, or a selection of second information included in the second set of information.

[0352] In some exemplary embodiments, transmitting at least one measurement report may include receiving from a second device second configuration information indicating at least one first piece of information and / or at least one second piece of information, and transmitting to the second device a measurement report including measurement results relating to at least one ray or at least one newly detected ray associated with at least one first piece of information and / or at least one second piece of information.

[0353] In some exemplary embodiments, the second device may transmit to the first device third configuration information indicating at least one of the first set of information or the second set of information that is not applicable to a particular function.

[0354] In some exemplary embodiments, the first configuration information may further indicate at least one first antenna port and at least one second antenna port, wherein the at least one first antenna port is configured with a first density of frequency resources, and the at least one second antenna port is configured with a second density of frequency resources, the second density being different from the first density, the at least one first antenna port is configured with a first size of transmission resources, and the at least one second antenna port is configured with a second size of transmission resources different from the first size of transmission resources, or the at least one first antenna port is used for a first function and the at least one second antenna port is used for a second function different from the first function.

[0355] In some exemplary embodiments, the second information may be associated with at least one of the following: a subset of a first set of the first information (where the first information contained in the subset of the first set of the first information is contiguous), a subset of a third set of amplitude coefficients, a subset of a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a set of rays (each ray contained in the set of rays is associated with at least one of the following: an amplitude coefficient, a phase coefficient, or a time value, where the time value is represented by one of the following: the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to the ray and the time value corresponding to the second information to which the set of rays is associated, or the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to the ray and the time value corresponding to the reference second information).

[0356] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one measurement report may further indicate at least one of the following: the number of second pieces of information associated with the set of rays, or the number of rays included in the set of rays.

[0357] In some exemplary embodiments, different rays included in a set of rays may be associated with different first information or different subsets of the first information.

[0358] In some exemplary embodiments, the maximum number of rays included in a set of rays may be less than or equal to a threshold number.

[0359] In some exemplary embodiments, at least two different functions may include a first sensing function and a second communication function.

[0360] In some exemplary embodiments, the first device may be a terminal device, and the second device may be a network device.

[0361] Figure 9A shows a flowchart of a communication method 900A implemented at a first node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, method 900A is described in terms of the first node 115 in Figure 1B.

[0362] In block 910, the first node may receive at least one first message for sensing from the second node or functional entity.

[0363] In block 920, the first node may, based on at least one first message, perform at least one of the following: send at least one second message to at least one of the second node or functional entities, wherein at least one second message contains information used for sensing, and at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; or send to the second node a second set of RS measured by the second node in order to generate at least one third message containing information used for sensing.

[0364] In some exemplary embodiments, the at least one second message described above may represent at least one of the following: a first set of information relating to the spatial domain (SD) and used to transmit the first set of RS; a second set of information relating to the frequency domain (FD) or relating to path timing information; a set of timing information for a set of rays associated with the second information in the set of second information; a third set of information relating to the SD and used to receive the first set of RS; a first set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the set of first information; or a second set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the set of third information.

[0365] In some exemplary embodiments, the first information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter; the second information may be at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information; and the third information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, receive CSI-RS port, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receive beam, receive SD filter.

[0366] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the first information may be based on the number of antenna ports of the second node located in the first set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the second node used for transmission, and the length of the third information may be based on the number of antenna ports of the first node located in the first set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node for reception.

[0367] In some exemplary embodiments, the at least one first message may indicate at least one of the following: a resource used to transmit the second set of RS, a set of transmit parameters used to transmit the second set of RS, a fourth set of information related to SD and used to transmit the second set of RS, or at least one second piece of information related to FD or related to path timing information.

[0368] In some exemplary embodiments, the fourth piece of information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter, and the second piece of information may be at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information.

[0369] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the fourth piece of information may be based on the number of antenna ports of the first node located in the second set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node used for transmission.

[0370] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one third message may indicate at least one of a fifth set of information used to receive a second set of RS, relating to the SD.

[0371] In some exemplary embodiments, the fifth piece of information may be at least one of the following: an SD vector, a single channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port for reception, an azimuth angle (AoA), an angle of arrival (AoA), an zenith angle of arrival (ZoA), a receiving beam, and a receiving SD filter.

[0372] In some exemplary embodiments, the second set of RSs may be transmitted based on the measurements of the first set of RSs.

[0373] In some exemplary embodiments, the at least one second message may further indicate at least one of the following: first location information of the first node, or second location information of the second node.

[0374] In some exemplary embodiments, the first position information may include at least one of the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first node, the first horizontal information of the antenna panel of the first node, or the first vertical information of the antenna panel of the first node, and the second position information may include at least one of the second three-dimensional coordinates of the first node, the second horizontal information of the antenna panel of the second node, or the second vertical information of the antenna panel of the second node.

[0375] In some exemplary embodiments, the first and second positional information may be mapped to the same coordinate system.

[0376] In some exemplary embodiments, the first node may transmit first capability-related information to at least one of the second node or functional entities, indicating whether the capability relating to the second message is supported by the first node.

[0377] In some exemplary embodiments, the first node may receive a first request for the first capability-related information from a second node or functional entity before transmitting the first capability-related information.

[0378] In some exemplary embodiments, the first node may be a terminal device or a network device, the second node may be a network device, and the functional entity may be at least one of the following: access and mobility management function (AMF), integrated sensing management function (ISMF), sensing function (SF), or location management function (LMF).

[0379] Figure 9B shows a flowchart of communication method 900B implemented at a second node according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, method 900B will be described in terms of the second node 125 in Figure 1B.

[0380] In block 930, the second node may receive or send at least one first message for sensing from a functional entity to the first node.

[0381] In block 940, the second node may perform at least one of the following: receiving at least one second message from the first node, wherein at least one second message contains information used for sensing, and at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; or transmitting at least one third message containing information used for sensing to the first node or a functional entity, wherein at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on at least one first message.

[0382] In some exemplary embodiments, the at least one second message described above may represent at least one of the following: a first set of information relating to the spatial domain (SD) and used to transmit the first set of RS; a second set of information relating to the frequency domain (FD) or relating to path timing information; a set of timing information for a set of rays associated with the second information in the set of second information; a third set of information relating to the SD and used to receive the first set of RS; a first set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the set of first information; or a second set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the set of third information.

[0383] In some exemplary embodiments, the first information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter; the second information may be at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information; and the third information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, receive CSI-RS port, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receive beam, receive SD filter.

[0384] In some exemplary embodiments, the first information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter; the second information may be at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information; and the third information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, receive CSI-RS port, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receive beam, receive SD filter.

[0385] In some exemplary embodiments, the at least one first message may indicate at least one of the following: a resource used to transmit the second set of RS, a set of transmit parameters used to transmit the second set of RS, a fourth set of information related to SD and used to transmit the second set of RS, or at least one second piece of information related to FD or related to path timing information.

[0386] In some exemplary embodiments, the fourth piece of information may be at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter, and the second piece of information may be at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information.

[0387] In some exemplary embodiments, the length of the fourth piece of information may be based on the number of antenna ports of the first node located in the second set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node used for transmission.

[0388] In some exemplary embodiments, at least one third message may indicate at least one of a fifth set of information used to receive a second set of RS, relating to the SD.

[0389] In some exemplary embodiments, the fifth piece of information may be at least one of the following: an SD vector, a single channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port for reception, an azimuth angle (AoA), an angle of arrival (AoA), an zenith angle of arrival (ZoA), a receiving beam, and a receiving SD filter.

[0390] In some exemplary embodiments, a second set of RSs may be transmitted based on a first set of RSs.

[0391] In some exemplary embodiments, the at least one second message may further indicate at least one of the following: first location information of the first node, or second location information of the second node.

[0392] In some exemplary embodiments, the first position information may include at least one of first horizontal information of the antenna panel of the first node or first vertical information of the antenna panel of the first node, and the second position information may include at least one of second horizontal information of the antenna panel of the second node or second vertical information of the antenna panel of the second node.

[0393] In some exemplary embodiments, the first and second positional information may be mapped to the same coordinate system.

[0394] In some exemplary embodiments, the second node may receive from the first node first capability-related information indicating whether the capability relating to the second message is supported by the first node, or may transmit second capability-related information to the functional entity indicating whether the capability relating to the third message is supported by the second node.

[0395] In some exemplary embodiments, the second node may send a first request for the first capability-related information to the first node before receiving the first capability-related information, or it may receive a first moment for the second capability-related information from the functional entity before sending the second capability-related information.

[0396] In some exemplary embodiments, the first node may be a terminal device or a network device, the second node may be a network device, and the functional entity may be at least one of the following: access and mobility management function (AMF), integrated sensing management function (ISMF), sensing function (SF), or location management function (LMF).

[0397] Figure 9C shows a flowchart of communication method 900C implemented in a functional entity according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For convenience of explanation, method 900C is described in terms of functional entity 185 in Figure 1B.

[0398] In block 950, the functional entity may send a first message for sensing to at least one of the first or second nodes.

[0399] In block 960, a functional entity may receive at least one of the following: at least one second message containing information used for sensing from a first node, wherein at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; and at least one third message containing information used for sensing, wherein at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on at least one first message.

[0400] In some exemplary embodiments, a functional entity may determine a sensing result based on at least one second message and / or at least one third message, and send the sensing result to at least one of the following: a first node, a second node, or a sensing service requester.

[0401] In some exemplary embodiments, a functional entity may receive from the first node first capability-related information indicating whether the capability relating to a second message is supported by the first node, or from the second node second capability-related information indicating whether the capability relating to a third message is supported by the second node.

[0402] In some exemplary embodiments, a functional entity may send a first request for first capability-related information to a first node before receiving the first capability-related information, or a first moment for second capability-related information may be sent from the functional entity before receiving the second capability-related information.

[0403] In some exemplary embodiments, the first node may be a terminal device or a network device, the second node may be a network device, and the functional entity may be at least one of the following: access and mobility management function (AMF), integrated sensing management function (ISMF), sensing function (SF), or location management function (LMF). Exemplary devices and equipment

[0404] Figure 10 is a simplified block diagram of an apparatus 1000 suitable for carrying out embodiments of the present disclosure. Apparatus 1000 can be considered a further exemplary embodiment of any of the apparatuses shown in Figure 1A. Thus, apparatus 1000 may be implemented in the first apparatus 110 or the second apparatus 120, or as at least a part thereof.

[0405] As shown in the figure, the device 1000 includes a processor 1010, a memory 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, a suitable transceiver 1040 coupled to the processor 1010, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1040. The memory 1010 stores at least a portion of the program 1030. The transceiver 1040 may be for bidirectional or unidirectional communication, depending on the requirements. The transceiver 1040 may include at least one transmitter 1042 and receiver 1044. The transmitter 1042 and receiver 1044 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1040 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, but in practice, the access node referred to in this application may have multiple antennas. The communication interface may represent any interface necessary for communication with other network elements, such as the X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communication between eNBs / gNBs, the S1 / NG interface for communication between Mobility Management Entities (MMEs) / Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs) / SGWs / UPFs and eNBs / gNBs, the Un interface for communication between eNBs / gNBs and relay nodes (RNs), or the Uu interface for communication between eNBs / gNBs and terminal devices.

[0406] Program 1030 is assumed to include program instructions, and when the program is executed by the associated processor 1010, it enables the device 1000 to operate according to embodiments of the present disclosure, as described herein with reference to Figures 1 to 9. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1010 of the device 1000, by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1010 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1010 and memory 1020 may form processing means 1050 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0407] Memory 1020 may be of any type suitable for a local technology network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, including but not limited to non-temporary computer-readable storage media, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. Although only one memory 1020 is shown in device 1000, device 1000 may have multiple physically different memory modules. Processor 1010 may be of any type suitable for a local technology network and may include, but not limited to, one or more of the following: general-purpose computers, dedicated computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), and processors based on multicore processor architectures. Device 1000 may include multiple processors, such as application-specific integrated circuit chips that are time-dependent to a clock synchronized with the main processor.

[0408] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided which includes a circuit. The circuit is configured to receive first configuration information for at least one measurement report from a second apparatus and, based on the first configuration information, transmit to the second apparatus at least one measurement report indicating at least one of the following: a first set of first information relating to the spatial domain (SD), a second set of second information relating to timing information of the frequency domain (FD) or path, a third set of amplitude coefficients, a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a fifth set of timing information for a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of information in the second set of second information, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least one of a first subset of information and a second subset of information (where the first or second subset of information is applied to the calculation / reporting of a precoder or channel quality indicator (CQI) or CSI or PMI), or a first measurement report and a second measurement report associated with the first measurement report. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuit may be configured to perform any method performed by the first apparatus as described above.

[0409] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided which includes a circuit. The circuit is configured to transmit first configuration information for at least one measurement report to the first apparatus and to receive from the first apparatus, based on the first configuration information, at least one of the following: a first set of first information relating to the spatial domain (SD), a second set of second information relating to timing information of the frequency domain (FD) or path, a third set of amplitude coefficients, a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a fifth set of timing information for a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of information in the second set of second information, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least one of a first subset of information and a second subset of information (where the first or second subset of information is applied to the calculation / reporting of a precoder or channel quality indicator (CQI) or CSI or PMI), or a first measurement report and a second measurement report associated with the first measurement report. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuit may be configured to perform any method performed by the second apparatus as described above.

[0410] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first node is provided which includes a circuit. The circuit is configured to receive at least one first message for sensing from a second node or functional entity and, based on at least one first message, to: transmit at least one second message to at least one of the second nodes or functional entities, wherein at least one second message includes information to be used for sensing, and at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node, or to transmit to the second node a second set of RS measured by the second node in order to generate at least one third message including information to be used for sensing. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuit may be configured to perform any method performed by the first node as described above.

[0411] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a second node including a circuit. The circuit is configured to receive or transmit at least one of the following: at least one second message from the first node, wherein the at least one second message includes information to be used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; or at least one third message including information to be used for sensing, wherein the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message. Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a second node including a circuit that receives or transmits at least one of the following: at least one second message from the first node, wherein the at least one second message includes information to be used for sensing, and the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message.

[0412] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a functional entity including a circuit. The circuit is configured to transmit a first message for sensing to at least one of a first node or a second node, and to receive at least one of the following: at least one second message containing information to be used for sensing from the first node, wherein the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; and at least one third message containing information to be used for sensing, wherein the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message. Embodiments of the present disclosure may also configure the circuit to perform any method performed by the functional entity as described above.

[0413] As used herein, the term “circuit” may refer to a hardware circuit and / or a combination of a hardware circuit and software. For example, a circuit may be a combination of an analog and / or digital hardware circuit and software / firmware. As a further example, a circuit may be any part of a software-equipped hardware processor, such as a digital signal processor, software, and memory, which work together to enable a device such as a terminal or network device to perform various functions. In yet another example, a circuit may be a hardware circuit and / or processor, such as a microprocessor or a part of a microprocessor, which requires software / firmware for operation but may not have software when not needed for operation. As used herein, the term “circuit” also encompasses implementations of hardware circuits or processors alone, or implementations of parts of hardware circuits or processors, and implementations of software and / or firmware associated therewith.

[0414] In summary, embodiments of this disclosure provide the following aspects:

[0415] In one embodiment, a first device is proposed, the first device comprising a processor configured to cause the first device to receive first configuration information for at least one measurement report from a second device, and to cause the first device to transmit to the second device at least one measurement report, based on the first configuration information, which includes: a first set of first information relating to the spatial domain (SD), a second set of second information relating to frequency domain (FD) or path timing information, a third set of amplitude coefficients, a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a fifth set of timing information for a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of information in the second set of second information, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least one of a first subset of information and a second subset of information (where the first or second subset of information is applied to the calculation / reporting of a precoder or channel quality indicator (CQI) or PMI or CSI), or a first measurement report and a second measurement report associated with the first measurement report.

[0416] In some embodiments, the first information is at least one of the following: SD vector, one channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure angle, departure zenith angle (ZoD), direction angle, or beam, and the second information is at least one of the following: FD vector or path timing information.

[0417] In some embodiments, the first configuration information indicates at least one of the following: the number of first pieces of information included in the first set, the number of second pieces of information included in the second set, the number of amplitude coefficients, or the number of phase coefficients.

[0418] In some embodiments, each second piece of information included in the second set is represented by an absolute time value, or one of the second pieces of information included in the second set is represented as a reference second piece of information and is represented by an absolute time value, and each of the other second pieces of information is represented by a difference in time value between the time value and the absolute time value of the other second piece of information.

[0419] In some embodiments, the second set of second information is represented by a set of FD vectors corresponding to the second set of second information, and an absolute time value corresponding to one of the sets of FD vectors shown as the reference second information.

[0420] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report further provides reference-based second information.

[0421] In some embodiments, the differential time value is indicated based on quantization associated with at least one of the following: the size of the frequency band for at least one measurement report, the size of the bandwidth portion (BWP) for at least one measurement report, or the size of the subcarrier space (SCS) for at least one measurement report.

[0422] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report is associated with at least two different functions and includes a first subset of information associated with a first function and a second subset of information associated with a second function different from the first function.

[0423] In some embodiments, the first subset of information and the second subset of information overlap at least partially, with the first subset of information being a subset of the second subset of information, or the second subset of information being a subset of the first subset of information.

[0424] In some embodiments, the first measurement report shows a first subset of information associated with a first function, and the second measurement report shows a second subset of information associated with a second function different from the first function; the first measurement report is used for the first function and the second measurement report is used for the second function; or the first measurement report includes a first portion of the measurement results and the second measurement report includes a second portion of the measurement results.

[0425] In some embodiments, the first measurement report includes at least one of the following: a first set of information, a second set of information, or a set of at least one ray information associated with each second piece of information included in the second set of information, and the second measurement report includes at least one of the following: a selection of first information included in the first set of information, or a selection of second information included in the second set of information.

[0426] In some embodiments, transmitting at least one measurement report includes receiving from a second device second configuration information indicating at least one first piece of information and / or at least one second piece of information, and transmitting to the second device a measurement report including measurement results relating to at least one ray or at least one newly detected ray associated with at least one first piece of information and / or at least one second piece of information.

[0427] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first device to receive from the second device third configuration information indicating at least one of a first set of information or a second set of information that is not applicable to a particular function.

[0428] In some embodiments, the first configuration information further indicates at least one first antenna port and at least one second antenna port, wherein the at least one first antenna port is configured with a first density of frequency resources, and the at least one second antenna port is configured with a second density of frequency resources, the second density being different from the first density, the at least one first antenna port is configured with a first size of transmission resources, and the at least one second antenna port is configured with a second size of transmission resources different from the first size of transmission resources, or the at least one first antenna port is used for a first function and the at least one second antenna port is used for a second function different from the first function.

[0429] In some embodiments, the second information is associated with at least one of the following: a subset of a first set of the first information (where the first information contained in the subset of the first set of the first information is adjacent), a subset of a third set of amplitude coefficients, a subset of a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a set of rays (each ray contained in the set of rays is associated with at least one of the following: an amplitude coefficient, a phase coefficient, or a time value, where the time value is indicated by one of the following: the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to the ray and the time value corresponding to the second information to which the set of rays is associated, or the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to the ray and the time value corresponding to the reference second information).

[0430] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report further indicates at least one of the following: the number of second pieces of information associated with the set of rays, or the number of rays included in the set of rays.

[0431] In some embodiments, different rays included in a set of rays are associated with different first pieces of information or different subsets of the first pieces of information.

[0432] In some embodiments, the maximum number of rays in a set of rays is less than or equal to a threshold number.

[0433] In some embodiments, at least two different functions include a first sensing function and a second communication function.

[0434] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device, and the second device is a network device.

[0435] In one embodiment, a first device is proposed, comprising a second device and a processor configured to cause the second device to transmit first configuration information for at least one measurement report to the first device, and to receive from the first device at least one measurement report based on the first configuration information, which includes at least one of the following: a first set of first information relating to the spatial domain (SD), a second set of second information relating to frequency domain (FD) or path timing information, a third set of amplitude coefficients, a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a fifth set of timing information for a set of rays associated with one of the second pieces of second information in the second set of second information, wherein the at least one measurement report includes at least one of a first subset of information and a second subset of information (where the first or second subset of information is applied to the calculation / reporting of a precoder or channel quality indicator (CQI) or PMI or CSI), or a first measurement report and a second measurement report associated with the first measurement report.

[0436] In some embodiments, the first information is at least one of the following: SD vector, one channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure angle, departure zenith angle (ZoD), direction angle, or beam, and the second information is at least one of the following: FD vector or path timing information.

[0437] In some embodiments, the first configuration information indicates at least one of the following: the number of first pieces of information included in the first set, the number of second pieces of information included in the second set, the number of amplitude coefficients, or the number of phase coefficients.

[0438] In some embodiments, each second piece of information included in the second set is represented by an absolute time value, or one of the second pieces of information included in the second set is represented as a reference second piece of information and is represented by an absolute time value, and each of the other second pieces of information is represented by a difference in time value between the time value and the absolute time value of the other second piece of information.

[0439] In some embodiments, the second set of second information is represented by a set of FD vectors corresponding to the second set of second information, and an absolute time value corresponding to one of the sets of FD vectors shown as the reference second information.

[0440] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report further provides reference-based second information.

[0441] In some embodiments, the differential time value is indicated based on quantization associated with at least one of the following: the size of the frequency band for at least one measurement report, the size of the bandwidth portion (BWP) for at least one measurement report, or the size of the subcarrier space (SCS) for at least one measurement report.

[0442] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report is associated with at least two different functions and includes a first subset of information associated with a first function and a second subset of information associated with a second function different from the first function.

[0443] In some embodiments, the first subset of information and the second subset of information overlap at least partially, with the first subset of information being a subset of the second subset of information, or the second subset of information being a subset of the first subset of information.

[0444] In some embodiments, the first measurement report shows a first subset of information associated with a first function, and the second measurement report shows a second subset of information associated with a second function different from the first function; the first measurement report is used for the first function and the second measurement report is used for the second function; or the first measurement report includes a first portion of the measurement results and the second measurement report includes a second portion of the measurement results.

[0445] In some embodiments, the first measurement report includes at least one of the following: a first set of information, a second set of information, or a set of at least one ray information associated with each second piece of information included in the second set of information, and the second measurement report includes at least one of the following: a selection of first information included in the first set of information, or a selection of second information included in the second set of information.

[0446] In some embodiments, transmitting at least one measurement report includes receiving from a second device second configuration information indicating at least one first piece of information and / or at least one second piece of information, and transmitting to the second device a measurement report including measurement results relating to at least one ray or at least one newly detected ray associated with at least one first piece of information and / or at least one second piece of information.

[0447] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second device to transmit to the first device third configuration information indicating at least one of the first set of information or the second set of information that is not applicable to a particular function.

[0448] In some embodiments, the first configuration information further indicates at least one first antenna port and at least one second antenna port, wherein the at least one first antenna port is configured with a first density of frequency resources, and the at least one second antenna port is configured with a second density of frequency resources, the second density being different from the first density, the at least one first antenna port is configured with a first size of transmission resources, and the at least one second antenna port is configured with a second size of transmission resources different from the first size of transmission resources, or the at least one first antenna port is used for a first function and the at least one second antenna port is used for a second function different from the first function.

[0449] In some embodiments, the second information is associated with at least one of the following: a subset of a first set of the first information (where the first information contained in the subset of the first set of the first information is adjacent), a subset of a third set of amplitude coefficients, a subset of a fourth set of phase coefficients, or a set of rays (each ray contained in the set of rays is associated with at least one of the following: an amplitude coefficient, a phase coefficient, or a time value, where the time value is indicated by one of the following: the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to the ray and the time value corresponding to the second information to which the set of rays is associated, or the difference in time value between the time value corresponding to the ray and the time value corresponding to the reference second information).

[0450] In some embodiments, at least one measurement report further indicates at least one of the following: the number of second pieces of information associated with the set of rays, or the number of rays included in the set of rays.

[0451] In some embodiments, different rays included in a set of rays are associated with different first pieces of information or different subsets of the first pieces of information.

[0452] In some embodiments, the maximum number of rays in a set of rays is less than or equal to a threshold number.

[0453] In some embodiments, at least two different functions include a first sensing function and a second communication function.

[0454] In some embodiments, the first device is a terminal device, and the second device is a network device.

[0455] In one embodiment, the first device includes at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor for storing instructions, wherein when an instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device causes the device to perform the method performed by the first device described above.

[0456] In one embodiment, the second device includes at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor for storing instructions, wherein, when an instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device causes the device to perform the method performed by the second device described above.

[0457] In one embodiment, a computer-readable medium stores instructions, and when these instructions are executed on at least one processor, they cause at least one processor to perform the method performed by the first device described above.

[0458] In one embodiment, a computer-readable medium stores instructions, and when these instructions are executed on at least one processor, they cause at least one processor to perform the method carried out by the second device described above.

[0459] In one embodiment, a computer program including instructions, which, when executed on at least one processor, causes at least one processor to perform the method performed by the first device described above.

[0460] In one embodiment, a computer program including instructions, which, when executed on at least one processor, causes at least one processor to perform the method carried out by the second device described above.

[0461] In one embodiment, a first node is proposed, which includes a processor configured to cause the first node to receive at least one first message for sensing from a second node or functional entity, and to perform at least one of the following based on the at least one first message: sending at least one second message to at least one of the second node or functional entity, wherein the at least one second message includes information used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node, or sending a second set of RS measured by the second node to the second node in order to generate at least one third message including information used for sensing.

[0462] In some embodiments, the at least one second message includes: a first set of information relating to the spatial domain (SD) and used to transmit the first set of RS; a second set of information relating to the frequency domain (FD) or related to path timing information; a set of timing information for a set of rays associated with the second information in the set of second information; a third set of information relating to the SD and used to receive the first set of RS; a first set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the set of first information; or a second set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the set of third information.

[0463] In some embodiments, the first information is at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter; the second information is at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information; and the third information is at least one of the following: SD vector, receive CSI-RS port, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receive beam, receive SD filter.

[0464] In some embodiments, the length of the first information is based on the number of antenna ports of the second node located in the first set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the second node used for transmission, and the length of the third information is based on the number of antenna ports of the first node located in the first set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node for reception.

[0465] In some embodiments, the at least one first message indicates at least one of the following: a resource used to transmit the second set of RS, a set of transmit parameters used to transmit the second set of RS, a set of fourth information related to SD and used to transmit the second set of RS, or at least one second piece of information related to FD or related to path timing information.

[0466] In some embodiments, the fourth piece of information is at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter, and the second piece of information is at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information.

[0467] In some embodiments, the length of the fourth piece of information is based on the number of antenna ports of the first node located in the second set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node used for transmission.

[0468] In some embodiments, at least one third message indicates at least one of a fifth set of information related to the SD and used to receive a second set of RS.

[0469] In some embodiments, the fifth piece of information is at least one of the following: SD vector, one channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port for reception, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receiving beam, and receiving SD filter.

[0470] In some embodiments, the second set of RSs is transmitted based on the measurements of the first set of RSs.

[0471] In some embodiments, the at least one second message further indicates at least one of the following: first location information of the first node, or second location information of the second node.

[0472] In some embodiments, the first position information includes at least one of the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first node, the first horizontal information of the antenna panel of the first node, or the first vertical information of the antenna panel of the first node, and the second position information includes at least one of the second three-dimensional coordinates of the first node, the second horizontal information of the antenna panel of the second node, or the second vertical information of the antenna panel of the second node.

[0473] In some embodiments, the first and second positional information are mapped to the same coordinate system.

[0474] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first node to send first capability-related information to the second node or at least one of the functional entities indicating whether the capability relating to the second message is supported by the first node.

[0475] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to receive a first request for the first capability-related information from the second node or the functional entity before transmitting the first capability-related information to the first node.

[0476] In some embodiments, the first node is a terminal device or network device, the second node is a network device, and the functional entity is at least one of the following: access and mobility management function (AMF), integrated sensing management function (ISMF), sensing function (SF), or location management function (LMF).

[0477] In one embodiment, a second node is proposed, which includes a processor configured to cause the second node to receive or transmit to the first node at least one of the following: receiving at least one second message from the first node, wherein the at least one second message includes information to be used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; or transmitting at least one third message to the first node or the functional entity, wherein the at least one third message includes information to be used for sensing, and the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message.

[0478] In some embodiments, the at least one second message includes: a first set of information relating to the spatial domain (SD) and used to transmit the first set of RS; a second set of information relating to the frequency domain (FD) or related to path timing information; a set of timing information for a set of rays associated with the second information in the set of second information; a third set of information relating to the SD and used to receive the first set of RS; a first set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the set of first information; or a second set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the set of third information.

[0479] In some embodiments, the first information is at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter; the second information is at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information; and the third information is at least one of the following: SD vector, receive CSI-RS port, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receive beam, receive SD filter.

[0480] In some embodiments, the first information is at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter; the second information is at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information; and the third information is at least one of the following: SD vector, receive CSI-RS port, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receive beam, receive SD filter.

[0481] In some embodiments, the at least one first message indicates at least one of the following: a resource used to transmit the second set of RS, a set of transmit parameters used to transmit the second set of RS, a set of fourth information related to SD and used to transmit the second set of RS, or at least one second piece of information related to FD or related to path timing information.

[0482] In some embodiments, the fourth piece of information is at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth (AoD), departure angle (AoD), departure zenith angle (ZoD), transmit beam, transmit SD filter, and the second piece of information is at least one of the following: FD vector, or path timing information.

[0483] In some embodiments, the length of the fourth piece of information is based on the number of antenna ports of the first node located in the second set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node used for transmission.

[0484] In some embodiments, at least one third message indicates at least one of a fifth set of information related to the SD and used to receive a second set of RS.

[0485] In some embodiments, the fifth piece of information is at least one of the following: SD vector, one channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port for reception, arrival azimuth (AoA), arrival angle (AoA), arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receiving beam, and receiving SD filter.

[0486] In some embodiments, a second set of RSs is transmitted based on a first set of RSs.

[0487] In some embodiments, the at least one second message further indicates at least one of the following: first location information of the first node, or second location information of the second node.

[0488] In some embodiments, the first position information includes at least one of first horizontal information of the antenna panel of the first node, or first vertical information of the antenna panel of the first node, and the second position information includes at least one of second horizontal information of the antenna panel of the second node, or second vertical information of the antenna panel of the second node.

[0489] In some embodiments, the first and second positional information are mapped to the same coordinate system.

[0490] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second node to receive from the first node first capability-related information indicating whether the capability relating to the second message is supported by the first node, or to send second capability-related information to the functional entity indicating whether the capability relating to the third message is supported by the second node.

[0491] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second node to send a first request for the first capability-related information before receiving the first capability-related information, or to receive a first moment for the second capability-related information from the functional entity before sending the second capability-related information.

[0492] In some embodiments, the first node is a terminal device or network device, the second node is a network device, and the functional entity is at least one of the following: access and mobility management function (AMF), integrated sensing management function (ISMF), sensing function (SF), or location management function (LMF).

[0493] In one embodiment, a functional entity is proposed, which includes a processor configured to cause the functional entity to send a first message for sensing to at least one of a first node or a second node, and to receive at least one of the following: at least one second message containing information to be used for sensing from the first node, wherein the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node; and at least one third message containing information to be used for sensing, wherein the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message.

[0494] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the functional entity to determine a sensing result based on the at least one second message and / or the at least one third message, and to send the sensing result to at least one of the following: the first node, the second node, or the sensing service requester.

[0495] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the functional entity to receive from the first node first capability-related information indicating whether the capability relating to the second message is supported by the first node, or to receive from the second node second capability-related information indicating whether the capability relating to the third message is supported by the second node.

[0496] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the functional entity to send a first request for the first capability-related information to the first node before receiving the first capability-related information, or to send a first moment for the second capability-related information from the functional entity before receiving the second capability-related information.

[0497] In some embodiments, the first node is a terminal device or network device, the second node is a network device, and the functional entity is at least one of the following: access and mobility management function (AMF), integrated sensing management function (ISMF), sensing function (SF), or location management function (LMF).

[0498] In one embodiment, the first node includes at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor for storing instructions, wherein when an instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device causes the device to perform the method performed by the first node described above.

[0499] In one embodiment, the second node includes at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor for storing instructions, wherein, when an instruction is executed by the at least one processor, the device causes the device to perform the method performed by the second node described above.

[0500] In one embodiment, the functional entity includes at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor for storing instructions, wherein, when the instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the device causes the device to perform the method performed by the functional entity described above.

[0501] In one embodiment, a computer-readable medium stores instructions, and when these instructions are executed on at least one processor, they cause at least one processor to perform the method performed by the first node described above.

[0502] In one embodiment, a computer-readable medium stores instructions, and when these instructions are executed on at least one processor, they cause at least one processor to perform the method carried out by the second node described above.

[0503] In one embodiment, a computer-readable medium stores instructions, and when these instructions are executed on at least one processor, they cause at least one processor to perform the method performed by the functional entity described above.

[0504] In one embodiment, a computer program including instructions, which, when executed on at least one processor, causes at least one processor to perform the method performed by the first node described above.

[0505] In one embodiment, a computer program including instructions, which, when executed on at least one processor, causes at least one processor to perform the method performed by the second node described above.

[0506] In one embodiment, a computer program including instructions, which, when executed on at least one processor, cause at least one processor to perform a method performed by the functional entity described above.

[0507] In general, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some embodiments may be implemented in hardware, while others may be implemented in firmware or software executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device. Although various embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described using block diagrams, flowcharts, or some other graphical representations, it will be understood that the blocks, devices, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be implemented, in non-limiting examples, in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuitry or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers, or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0508] This disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-temporary computer-readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as instructions contained in a program module, which are executed on a device on a target real or virtual processor, and which perform the processes or methods described above with reference to Figures 1 to 10. Generally, a program module includes routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc., that perform a specific task or implement a specific abstract data type. The functions of program modules may be combined or separated as needed in various embodiments. The machine-executable instructions for a program module may be executed in a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, the program module may reside on both local and remote storage media.

[0509] Program code for performing the methods of this disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. This program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, or other programmable data processing device, and when executed by the processor or controller, it will perform the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. The program code may run entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0510] The above program code may be embodied in a machine-readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that contains or can store a program used by an instruction execution system, device, or apparatus, or a program used in conjunction with such a system or apparatus. The machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. The machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or apparatus, or any suitable combination thereof. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections with one or more wires, portable computer diskettes, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, or flash memory), optical fibers, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0511] Furthermore, although the operations are presented in a specific order, it should not be understood that such operations must be performed in the specific order shown, sequentially, or all shown operations must be performed in order to obtain the desired results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Similarly, although the above description includes some specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to a particular embodiment. Certain features described in the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may be implemented individually or in any suitable combination of sub-features in multiple embodiments.

[0512] While this disclosure is described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that the disclosure as defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or actions described above. Rather, the specific features and actions described above are disclosed as exemplary forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

1. The first node, At the first node, To receive at least one first message for sensing from a second node or functional entity, and Based on the aforementioned at least one first message, the following: Transmitting at least one second message to the second node or at least one of the functional entities, wherein the at least one second message includes information used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node, or To generate at least one third message containing information used for sensing, a second set of RS measured by the second node is transmitted to the second node. A processor configured to perform at least one of the following: The first node.

2. The aforementioned at least one second message is as follows: A first set of information used to transmit the first set of RS in relation to the Spatial Domain (SD), A second set of information related to the frequency domain (FD) or to the timing information of the path. A set of timing information for a set of rays associated with the second information in the set of second information, A third set of information used to receive the first set of RS in relation to SD, A first set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the aforementioned set of first information, or A second set of non-zero coefficients corresponding to the aforementioned set of third information, Showing at least one of the following: The first node according to claim 1.

3. The first piece of information is at least one of the following: SD vector, Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth, departure angle, departure zenith angle (ZO), transmission beam, and transmission SD filter. The second piece of information is at least one of the following: FD vector or path timing information, and The third piece of information is at least one of the following: SD vector, receiving CSI-RS port, arrival azimuth angle, arrival angle, arrival zenith angle (ZoA), receiving beam, and receiving SD filter. The first node according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The length of the first information is based on the number of antenna ports of the second node located in the first set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the second node used for transmission. The length of the third piece of information is based on the number of antenna ports of the first node arranged in the first set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node for reception. The first apparatus according to claim 2.

5. The aforementioned at least one first message is as follows: Resources used to transmit the second set of RS, A set of transmission parameters used to transmit the second set of RS, A fourth set of information used to transmit the second set of RS in relation to the SD, or At least one second piece of information related to FD or related to path timing information, Showing at least one of the following: The first node according to claim 1.

6. The fourth piece of information is at least one of the following: SD vector, channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port, departure azimuth angle, departure angle, departure zenith angle (ZOD), transmission beam, and transmission SD filter. The second piece of information is at least one of an FD vector or path timing information. The first node according to claim 5.

7. The length of the fourth piece of information is based on the number of antenna ports of the first node located in the second set of RS, or the number of antenna ports of the first node used for transmission, according to claim 5.

8. The first node according to claim 1, wherein the at least one third message relates to the SD and indicates a fifth set of information used to receive the second set of RS.

9. The first node according to claim 8, wherein the fifth piece of information is at least one of an SD vector, a single channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) port for receiving, an azimuth angle of arrival, an angle of arrival, an zenith angle of arrival (ZoA), a receiving beam, and a receiving SD filter.

10. The first node according to claim 1, wherein the second set of RS is transmitted based on the measurement of the first set of RS.

11. The aforementioned at least one second message further includes: The first location information of the first node, or The second location information of the second node, Showing at least one of the following: The first node according to claim 1.

12. The first position information includes at least one of the first three-dimensional coordinates of the first node, the first horizontal information of the antenna panel of the first node, or the first vertical information of the antenna panel of the first node, and The second position information includes at least one of the following: the second three-dimensional coordinates of the first node, the second horizontal information of the antenna panel of the second node, or the second vertical information of the antenna panel of the second node. The first node according to claim 11.

13. The first node according to claim 11, wherein the first and second positional information are mapped to the same coordinate system.

14. The processor further provides the first node with: The system is configured to cause at least one of the second node or the functional entity to transmit first capability-related information indicating whether the capability relating to the second message is supported by the first node. The first node according to claim 1.

15. The processor further provides the first node with: Before transmitting the first capability-related information, the system is configured to receive a first request for the first capability-related information from the second node or the functional entity. The first node according to claim 14.

16. The first node is a terminal device or a network device, The second node is a network device, and The aforementioned functional entity is at least one of the following: Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Integrated Sensing Management Function (ISMF), Sensing Function (SF), or Location Management Function (LMF). The first node according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The second node, At the aforementioned second node, To cause a functional entity to receive or send at least one first message for sensing to a first node, and below: Receiving at least one second message from the first node, wherein the at least one second message includes information used for sensing, and the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node, or Transmitting to the first node or the functional entity at least one third message containing information used for sensing, wherein the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message. A processor configured to perform at least one of the following: The second node.

18. A functional entity, The aforementioned functional entity, A first message for detection is sent to at least one of the first node or the second node, and below: At least one second message containing information used for sensing from the first node, wherein the at least one second message is determined by the first node by measuring a first set of reference signals (RS) transmitted by the second node, At least one third message containing information used for sensing from the second node, wherein the at least one third message is determined by the second node by measuring a second set of RS transmitted by the first node based on the at least one first message, A processor configured to receive at least one of the following, Functional entity.

19. The processor further provides the functional entity with: The sensing result is determined based on the at least one second message and / or the at least one third message, and The aforementioned sensing results are as follows: The first node, The second node, or Sensing service requester, Configured to send to at least one of the following The functional entity according to claim 18.

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