Apparatus and method for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities

Abstract

A device for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis includes a signal interface (101) for receiving signals measured using a motion sensor that indicates the movement of the heart and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest. The device includes a processing system (102) configured to form descriptor values ​​that describe the intensity of the highest peak repeating in the heart rate in the signal relative to the intensity of other parts outside the highest peak of the signal. The processing system is configured to set a display signal output by the device to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality when the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and / or other heart diseases. More specifically, this disclosure relates to an apparatus for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities. Furthermore, this disclosure relates to a method and a computer program for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities. [Background technology]

[0002] Abnormalities in the cardiovascular system, if left undiagnosed and without appropriate intervention and / or treatment, can progressively impair the cardiovascular system's ability to maintain blood flow to meet an individual's bodily needs, especially when the individual experiences physical stress. For example, aortic stenosis occurs when the aortic valve narrows, preventing blood from flowing normally. Aortic stenosis is usually caused by the accumulation of calcium on the aortic valve over time due to arteriosclerosis. These calcium deposits, which often occur with age, make the valve tissue hard, narrow, and inflexible. The patient's condition can range from mild to severe. Over time, aortic stenosis causes the left ventricle of the heart to pump more forcefully to expel blood through the narrowed aortic valve. This additional load can thicken, enlarge, and weaken the left ventricle. If left undiagnosed and without appropriate intervention and / or treatment, this form of valvular heart disease can lead to heart failure.

[0003] Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump or fill with enough blood. Heart failure can result from hardening, thickening, or thinning of the ventricles of the heart, or from dysfunction of the heart valves. Heart failure can also result from infections or other diseases that damage the heart tissue. Atrial fibrillation is an irregular, often rapid heart rate resulting from the atria of the heart beating out of sync with the ventricles. Atrial fibrillation can cause fatigue and can lead to blood clots, stroke, or even death, and may last a lifetime.

[0004] Cardiovascular imaging techniques are typically used when aortic valve abnormalities, such as aortic stenosis, are suspected. These techniques include, for example, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiac catheterization, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and computed tomography (CT) scans. An inherent drawback of these imaging techniques is that they typically require expensive equipment and specialized operators. Therefore, there is a need for technologies that can generate information indicating cardiac abnormalities, such as aortic stenosis, without requiring expensive equipment and specialized operators. [Overview of the project]

[0005] The following is a simplified overview to provide a basic understanding of several aspects of various embodiments of the invention. This overview is not a detailed description of the invention. It is not intended to identify any important or essential elements of the invention or to define its scope. The following overview merely presents some of the concepts of the invention in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0006] The present invention provides a novel apparatus for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities, including but not limited to aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. The apparatus according to the present invention is A signal interface for receiving signals measured using motion sensors such as accelerometers and / or gyroscopes that indicate the movement of the heart and have mechanical contact with the individual's chest, The processing system is coupled to a signal interface and is configured to determine at least one descriptor value, i.e., one or more descriptor values, from one or more points of a signal indicating the movement of the heart, and to send a display signal as the output of the device when the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

[0007] In an apparatus according to an illustrative and non-limiting embodiment, a processing system forms one of the descriptor values or descriptor values to represent the intensity of other portions outside the highest peak of the signal that repeat at the heart rate in the signal relative to the intensity of the other portions outside the highest peak of the signal, and is configured such that, in response to a situation where the descriptor value is outside a pre-determined value range corresponding to a healthy example, a display signal output by the apparatus is set to represent the presence of a heart abnormality such as aortic valve stenosis.

[0008] The display signal can be sent to an individual and can be an instruction to seek treatment and / or advice from a healthcare provider. Alternatively or in combination, the display signal can be sent to a healthcare provider and can be an indication of the presence of a heart abnormality in an individual. The display signal can include cardiac measurement data sent to the healthcare provider.

[0009] In light of empirical data, many heart abnormalities increase the relative intensity of the highest peak in a signal indicating heart movement relative to the intensity of other portions of the signal outside that highest peak. For example, in the case of aortic valve stenosis, an increase in the pressure difference from the left ventricle to the aorta increases the intensity of the highest peak more strongly than the intensity of the other portions of the signal. Thus, the above-described descriptor value can be used as an indication of a heart abnormality. The descriptor value can be, for example, the peak-to-average ratio of the signal, the peak-to-power ratio of the signal, or the peak-to-energy ratio of the signal, or any combination thereof.

[0010] The device may comprise a sensor system including an accelerometer for measuring a signal indicative of the heart acceleration described above and / or a gyroscope for measuring a signal indicative of the heart rotation described above. Also, it is possible that a signal interface is configured to receive these signals from an external device equipped with an appropriate sensor system, that is, it is emphasized that the device does not necessarily have to have means for measuring a signal indicative of the movement of the heart. The device can be, for example, a smartphone or other handheld device equipped with an accelerometer and / or a gyroscope. The smartphone can be, for example, an Apple iPhone (registered trademark), an Android (registered trademark) phone, a Google Pixel phone, a Motorola phone, or other types of smartphones, etc. The device can be placed on an individual's chest to measure the above signals generated by the movement of the heart. The device can include, for example, a patch or wearable sensor that can contact the individual's chest when the individual is lying face down. The device can include a device for medical providers or other handheld medical devices.

[0011] In this document, the term "accelerometer" encompasses various types of sensors for measuring the acceleration of lateral linear motion. The accelerometer can be, for example, a microelectromechanical system "MEMS" based on the law of inertia. In this document, the term "gyroscope" encompasses various types of sensors for measuring angular rotation. The gyroscope can be, for example, a microelectromechanical system "MEMS" based on the effect of the Coriolis force acting on an object that reciprocally rotates inside a MEMS gyroscope.

[0012] The value range corresponding to the above healthy cases can be determined based on empirical data collected from patient groups and healthy groups. The limit values of the value range do not necessarily have to be constant values, and the limit values can vary according to the individual under consideration, over time, and / or according to some other factors. Also, it is possible to define a number of value ranges representing a specific probability of aortic stenosis or other heart abnormalities, an increase in risk factors, or a comparative value display, respectively.

[0013] The present invention provides a novel method for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities, including but not limited to aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and / or atrial fibrillation. The method according to the present invention is: Receiving signals measured using a motion sensor that indicates heart movement and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, Determining at least one descriptor value from one or more points of the signal indicating heart movement, This includes outputting a display signal depending on the situation where the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

[0014] In a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, Determining at least one descriptor value involves forming a descriptor value or one of several descriptor values ​​such that it represents the intensity of the highest peak repeating at heart rate in the signal relative to the intensity of other parts outside the highest peak of the signal, and The display signal is set to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, such as aortic valve stenosis, depending on whether the descriptor value falls outside a predetermined range corresponding to a healthy case.

[0015] The present invention provides a novel computer program for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities including, but not limited to, aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and / or atrial fibrillation. The computer program is The system receives signals measured using a motion sensor that indicates heart movement and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest. Determine at least one descriptor value from one or more points in the signal indicating heart movement, and, The system includes computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processing system to output a display signal depending on the situation in which the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

[0016] An illustrative and non-exclusive computer program is: The descriptor value is formed to represent the intensity of the highest peak repeating in the signal with respect to the intensity of other parts outside the highest peak of the signal, and, The system includes a computer executable instruction for controlling a programmable processing system to set a display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, such as aortic stenosis, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

[0017] The display signal may indicate an instruction to contact a healthcare provider. The display signal may be transmitted to a healthcare provider and indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality. The display signal may be cardiac measurement data transmitted to a healthcare provider.

[0018] According to the present invention, a novel computer program product is also provided. This computer program product includes a non-volatile computer-readable medium, and includes, for example, a compact disc "CD" on which the computer program according to the present invention is encoded, a flash drive on which the computer program according to the present invention is encoded, or a digital download of the computer program according to the present invention.

[0019] Computer-readable media, such as computer executable code, can take many forms, including but not limited to tangible storage media, carrier media, or physical transmission media. Non-volatile storage media include, for example, optical disks or magnetic disks, and any storage device in any one or more computers, which may be used to implement, for example, a database as shown in the drawings. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory, such as the main memory of the computer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wires, and optical fibers, and wiring that constitutes a bus within a computer system. Carrier media can take the form of electrical signals or electromagnetic signals, or sound waves or light waves, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Therefore, common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, floppy disks, flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, any other magnetic media, compact disk read-only memory "CD-ROM", digital video discs "DVD" or DVD-ROM, any other optical media, punch card paper tape, any other physical storage media using a pattern of holes, random access memory "RAM", read-only memory "ROM", programmable read-only memory "PROM" and erasable programmable read-only memory "EPROM", flash EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, carrier waves that carry data or instructions, cables or links that carry such carrier waves, or any other media from which a computer can read programming code and / or data. Many of these forms of computer-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions that are sent to a processor for execution.

[0020] The attached dependent claims describe exemplary and non-limiting embodiments.

[0021] Exemplary and non-limiting embodiments with respect to both configuration and operation will be best understood from the following description of specific exemplary embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, along with their additional purposes and advantages.

[0022] In this document, the verbs "to include" and "to contain" are used as open limitations that neither exclude nor require the existence of features not mentioned.

[0023] The features described in the attached dependent claims can be freely combined with each other unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0024] Furthermore, it should be understood that the use of "a" or "an," i.e., the singular form, throughout this document does not exclude the possibility of plurality.

[0025] The term “predetermined” means predetermined in an adjustable manner, advantageously meaning that it can be changed in real time, and advantageously meaning that it can be adjusted by the individual, healthcare provider, and / or third party whose cardiac condition is being considered.

[0026] Exemplary and non-limiting embodiments and their advantages are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0027] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of an apparatus for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities. [Figure 2a] Figure 2a shows an exemplary signal waveform indicating cardiac acceleration in a normal case. [Figure 2b] Figure 2b shows an exemplary signal waveform indicating cardiac acceleration in the case of aortic valve stenosis. [Figure 3a] Figure 3a shows an exemplary signal waveform indicating cardiac acceleration in a normal case. [Figure 3b] Figure 3b shows an exemplary signal waveform indicating cardiac acceleration in the case of aortic valve stenosis. [Figure 4a] Figure 4a shows an exemplary signal waveform indicating cardiac rotation in a normal case. [Figure 4b]Figure 4b shows an exemplary signal waveform indicating cardiac rotation in the case of aortic stenosis. [Figure 5] Figure 5 is a flowchart of a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0028] The specific examples provided in the following description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The lists and groups of examples provided in the description are not exhaustive unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0029] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of an apparatus 100 for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and / or atrial fibrillation. The apparatus includes a signal interface 101 for receiving signals measured using a motion sensor that indicates the movement of the heart and has mechanical contact with the chest of an individual 107. The apparatus 100 includes a processing system 102 coupled to the signal interface 101. The processing system 102 is The descriptor value is formed to represent the intensity of the highest peak repeating in the signal with respect to the intensity of other parts outside the highest peak of the signal, and, Depending on the situation where the descriptor value falls outside the predetermined range corresponding to healthy individuals, the device is configured to set the display signal output to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality and / or a suggestion to seek medical attention.

[0030] The above signal is generated by a sensor system 103 that includes a motion sensor, which includes an accelerometer and / or a gyroscope. The sensor system 103 may also include, for example, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that includes both an accelerometer and a gyroscope. In the exemplary scenario shown in Figure 1, the sensor system 103 is positioned on the chest of individual 107. The sensor system 103 may be, for example, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS). The temporal duration of the signal may be, for example, between 1 second and 24 hours, but is not necessarily limited to this. In some cases, the duration of the signal is approximately less than 1 second, approximately 1 second, approximately 2 seconds, approximately 3 seconds, approximately 4 seconds, approximately 5 seconds, approximately 6 seconds, approximately 7 seconds, approximately 8 seconds, approximately 9 seconds, approximately 10 seconds, approximately 20 seconds, approximately 30 seconds, approximately 40 seconds, approximately 50 seconds, approximately 1 minute, approximately 2 minutes, approximately 3 minutes, approximately 4 minutes, approximately 5 minutes, approximately 6 minutes, approximately 7 minutes, approximately 8 minutes, approximately 9 minutes, approximately 10 minutes, approximately 15 minutes, approximately 20 minutes, approximately 25 minutes, approximately 30 minutes, and approximately 35 minutes. It could be approximately 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 9 hours, 10 hours, 12 hours, 14 hours, 16 hours, 18 hours, 20 hours, 22 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, or a period longer than 7 days.

[0031] In an example where the signal is measured using an accelerometer, the signal represents cardiac acceleration. Correspondingly, in an example where the signal is measured using a gyroscope, the signal represents cardiac rotation. It is also possible for the signal to have two signal components, where the first signal component is measured using an accelerometer to represent cardiac acceleration, and the second signal component is measured using a gyroscope to represent cardiac rotation.

[0032] In an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of the apparatus having the two signal components described above, the processing system 102 is: A first descriptor value is formed that describes the intensity of the highest peak that repeats with heart rate in the first signal component relative to the intensity of the other parts of the first signal component that lie outside the highest peak. A second descriptor value is formed that describes the intensity of the highest peak that repeats with heart rate in the second signal component relative to the intensity of the other parts of the second signal component that lie outside the highest peak. Depending on the situation in which at least one of the first descriptor value and the second descriptor value is outside the predetermined value range corresponding to each healthy case, the display signal is set to represent the presence of a cardiac abnormality with a first probability, and, Depending on whether both the first and second descriptor values ​​are outside the predetermined value range corresponding to healthy individuals, the display signal is configured to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality with a second probability higher than the first probability.

[0033] The display signal output by the device 100 may be, for example, a message displayed on the display screen of the user interface 104. The display signal may include instructions to seek treatment and / or advice from a healthcare provider. The device 100 may be configured to transmit the display signal to a healthcare provider. Furthermore, cardiac measurement data, such as recorded waveforms of signals indicating the movement of the heart, may be transmitted to the healthcare provider.

[0034] In the exemplary case shown in Figure 1, the sensor system 103 is connected to the signal interface 101 via one or more data transfer links, which may be wireless or wired links. Data transfer from the sensor system 103 to the signal interface 101 may occur directly or via a data transfer network 105, such as a telecommunications network. In the exemplary case shown in Figure 1, the sensor system 103 includes a wireless transmitter. A device including a processing system 102 may be integrated with the sensor system, i.e., device 100 may include the sensor system. In this exemplary case, the signal interface is a simple wire from the sensor system to the processing system. A device including an integrated sensor system may be, for example, a smartphone or other handheld device that can be placed on the individual's chest during the measurement phase. The smartphone may be, for example, an Apple iPhone®, an Android® phone, a Google Pixel phone, a Motorola phone, or other types of smartphones. The handheld device may be, for example, a patch or wearable sensor that can come into contact with the individual's chest when the individual is lying face down. The handheld device may be a device for healthcare providers or another handheld medical device.

[0035] An apparatus in an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment is configured to record signals indicating the movement of the heart. The recorded signals may be measured within a time window having a fixed temporal start point and a fixed temporal end point, or within a sliding time window having a fixed temporal length and moving with elapsed time. The apparatus may include an internal storage device 106 for recording signals, and / or the apparatus may include a data port for connecting to an external storage device. The apparatus may include a wireless transceiver for wirelessly sending and receiving data to and from the external storage device.

[0036] Numerous methods exist for defining and forming descriptor values ​​that represent the intensity of the highest peak of a signal relative to the intensity of other parts of the signal outside that peak. These descriptor values ​​may represent, for example, the peak-to-average ratio of a signal, the peak-to-power ratio of a signal, or the peak-to-energy ratio of a signal. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to any particular method for defining and forming descriptor values.

[0037] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system 102 processes the descriptor value S acc It is configured to be formed in proportion to the peak-to-energy ratio of the signal, for example, directly proportional to it.

number

[0038] The peak value P mentioned above h It can be defined as follows:

number

number

[0039] Equation 3 is advantageous when you want to avoid calculating the square root in Equation 2.

[0040] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system 102 processes the descriptor value S accis configured to be formed, for example, in direct proportion so as to be proportional to the peak-to-power ratio of the signal.

Number

[0041] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing system 102 forms the descriptor value S acc to be proportional, for example, in direct proportion, to the peak-to-average ratio of the signal.

Number

[0042] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing system 102 forms the median or arithmetic mean of the values of the highest peaks belonging to different heartbeat cycles, and uses the median or arithmetic mean as the above peak value P h and is configured to use it as such. The value of the highest peak within a given heartbeat cycle can be defined according to Equation 2 or 3 presented above such that the samples q xi , q yi , and q zi are used in Equation 2 or 3.

[0043] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing system 102 sets the display signal output by the apparatus to represent the presence of aortic valve stenosis according to a situation where the descriptor value S acc is outside a predetermined value range corresponding to a healthy example.

[0044] The value range of S acc in a healthy example can be selected, for example, to be below a threshold value Q, that is, S acc>Aortic stenosis or other cardiac abnormalities are considered to be present if Q is the case. Here, Q is based on empirical data collected from patient and healthy control groups. The threshold value Q is not necessarily constant and may vary depending on the individual being studied, over time, and / or several other factors. Depending on the accelerometer and / or gyroscope, the threshold value Q may be a value greater than, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or 25. Correspondingly, S in healthy individuals acc The range of values ​​can be, for example, 1 or less, 2 or less, 3 or less, 4 or less, 5 or less, 6 or less, 7 or less, 8 or less, 9 or less, 10 or less, 11 or less, 12 or less, 13 or less, 14 or less, 15 or less, 16 or less, 17 or less, 18 or less, 19 or less, 20 or less, 21 or less, 22 or less, 23 or less, 24 or less, 25 or less, or a value greater than 25.

[0045] Accelerometer and / or gyroscope, and descriptor value S acc Depending on the method of formation, the limit value Q can be a positive value, zero, or a negative value. For example, depending on the case, the descriptor value S in a healthy case may be... acc The range of values ​​can be greater than or equal to zero, less than or equal to zero, greater than or equal to a certain positive number, less than or equal to a certain positive number, greater than or equal to a certain negative number, or less than or equal to a certain negative number.

[0046] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system 102 is configured to maintain a range of values, each representing a specific probability of a cardiac anomaly, such as aortic stenosis. Depending on the situation in which a descriptor value belongs to one or more of these ranges, the processing system 102 is configured to set a display signal to represent the highest probability of the cardiac anomaly associated with one or more of these ranges. The ranges may be defined, for example, as follows: Value range 1: S acc >R1, the probability of aortic stenosis is P1%. Value range 2: S acc >R2 > R1, the probability of aortic stenosis is P2% > P1%. Value range 3: Sacc >R3 > R2, the probability of aortic stenosis is P3% > P2%. Value range 4: S acc >R4>R3, the probability of aortic stenosis is P4%>P3%.

[0047] Each of R1, R2, R3, and R4 can be obtained based on empirical data collected from patient and healthy control groups. Correspondingly, each of P1, P2, P3, and P4 can be obtained based on empirical data collected from patient and healthy control groups. One or more of the values ​​of R1, R2, R3, and R4 do not necessarily have to be constant, and one or more of these values ​​may vary depending on the individual being studied, over time, and / or depending on several other factors. Depending on the accelerometer and / or gyroscope, R1 can be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, or greater than 25. Correspondingly, R2 can be a value greater than, for example, R1+1, R1+2, ..., or R1+25, R3 can be a value greater than, for example, R2+1, R2+2, ..., or R2+25, and R4 can be a value greater than, for example, R3+1, R3+2, ..., or R3+25.

[0048] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system 102 processes the descriptor value S accThe moving average is configured to be formed in proportion to, for example, directly proportional to, the ratio of the signal peak to the maximum value of the moving average. The moving average is the average of the signal within a time window that has a constant time length and moves with time, and the maximum value of the moving average represents the largest value that repeats in the moving average with respect to heart rate, i.e., the largest value of the moving average in different heart rate cycles. In an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing system 102 is configured to form the median of the largest values ​​that repeat in the moving average with respect to heart rate, and to use the median as the maximum value of the moving average when forming the descriptor value. This embodiment is illustrated in the Examples section of this document with reference to Figures 3a and 3b, and Figures 4a and 4b. In an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the processing system 102 is configured to form the arithmetic mean of the largest values ​​that repeat in the moving average with respect to heart rate, and to use the arithmetic mean as the maximum value of the moving average when forming the descriptor value.

[0049] The processing system 102 may be implemented by, for example, one or more processor circuits, each of which may be a programmable processor circuit with appropriate software, such as a dedicated hardware processor such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a configurable hardware processor such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The storage device 106 may be implemented by, for example, one or more memory circuits, each of which may be, for example, a random access memory (RAM) device.

[0050] Apparatus in exemplary and non-exclusive embodiments includes: A signal interface for receiving signals measured using a motion sensor that indicates heart movement and has mechanical contact with an individual's chest, The processing system is coupled to a signal interface and is configured to determine at least one descriptor value, i.e., one or more descriptor values, from one or more points of a signal indicating the movement of the heart, and to send a display signal as the output of the device when the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

[0051] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the processing system is configured to set a display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality or the risk of having a cardiac abnormality, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

[0052] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the signal interface is further coupled to a sensor system.

[0053] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor system comprises an accelerometer, a gyroscope, or both.

[0054] In an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor system is provided on a patch, a wearable sensor, a smartphone, another handheld electronic device, or any combination thereof.

[0055] In an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment of the apparatus, the signal indicating cardiac motion is a measurement of cardiac acceleration and / or cardiac rotation.

[0056] In an apparatus according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, one or more descriptor values ​​include one or more values ​​of one or more points in a signal, the relative intensity of one or more points in a signal, the energy ratio of one or more points in a signal, the power ratio of one or more points in a signal, the average ratio of one or more points in a signal, or any combination thereof.

[0057] In an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of the apparatus, the display signal is transmitted to an individual and / or to the individual's healthcare provider.

[0058] In the apparatus according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the display signal is an instruction to seek treatment from a healthcare provider, an instruction to seek advice from a healthcare provider, an indication of the presence of a cardiac abnormality in the individual, cardiac measurement data, or any combination thereof.

[0059] In the apparatus according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, or atrial fibrillation, or any combination thereof.

[0060] In an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of the apparatus, the display signal indicates the presence of aortic valve stenosis.

[0061] In an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of the apparatus, the signal interface and the processing system are provided within the same electronic device.

[0062] In an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of the apparatus, the signal interface and the processing system are located within different electronic devices that communicate with each other.

[0063] Apparatus in exemplary and non-exclusive embodiments includes: A signal interface configured to receive the acceleration of an individual's chest, measured using a sensor system placed on the individual's chest, A processing system configured to calculate one or more parameters related to cardiac abnormalities from measured acceleration of an individual's chest, and to detect the presence of a cardiac abnormality or the risk of having a cardiac abnormality based on the calculated one or more parameters, wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic valve stenosis.

[0064] In an apparatus of an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, a processing system is configured to calculate one or more parameters, the calculation of which further includes determining one or more descriptor values ​​from measured accelerations, where the one or more descriptor values ​​include one or more values ​​of one or more points of measured acceleration, the relative intensity of one or more points of measured acceleration, the energy ratio of one or more points of measured acceleration, the power ratio of one or more points of measured acceleration, the average ratio of one or more points of measured acceleration, or any combination thereof. The processing system may be configured to output an indication signal indicating that one or more descriptor values ​​are outside a range of values ​​that may be fixed or adjustable. The indication signal may be transmitted to an individual and / or the individual's healthcare provider. The indication signal may include one or more instructions to seek treatment from a healthcare provider, one or more instructions to seek advice from a healthcare provider, an indication of the presence of a cardiac abnormality in the individual, or cardiac measurement data, or any combination thereof.

[0065] Figure 5 shows a flowchart of a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment for generating information indicating cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, and / or atrial fibrillation. The method is as follows: Operation 501: Receiving signals measured using motion sensors such as accelerometers and / or gyroscopes that indicate the movement of the heart and have mechanical contact with the individual's chest, Operation 502: Forming a descriptor value to describe the intensity of the highest peak repeating in the heart rate in the signal relative to the intensity of other parts outside the highest peak of the signal, Operation 503: Includes setting a display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value is outside the predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

[0066] A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes measuring the above signal from the individual's chest using a motion sensor. Another method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes reading this signal from a storage device, in which case the signal has been measured and recorded in the storage device. A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes receiving the signal from an external data transfer system. Therefore, measurement is not an essential or necessary step of the methods according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0067] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the signal represents cardiac acceleration, and the signal is measured using an accelerometer having mechanical contact with the individual's chest.

[0068] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the signal indicates cardiac rotation, and the signal is measured using a gyroscope having mechanical contact with the individual's chest.

[0069] In the method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-average ratio of the signal.

[0070] In the method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-power ratio of the signal.

[0071] In the method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-energy ratio of the signal.

[0072] In a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the descriptor value is proportional to the ratio of the peak of the signal to the maximum value of the moving average. The moving average is the average of the signal within a time window of constant length that moves with time, and the maximum value of the moving average is the largest value that repeats with heart rate in the moving average.

[0073] A method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment includes forming the median of the largest repeating values ​​for heart rate in a moving average and using the median as the maximum value of the moving average when forming a descriptor value.

[0074] A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes forming the arithmetic mean of the largest repeating value for heart rate in the moving average and using the arithmetic mean as the maximum value of the moving average when forming a descriptor value.

[0075] A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes forming a median of the highest peak values ​​and using the median as a peak value representing the intensity of the highest peak when forming a descriptor value.

[0076] A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes forming an arithmetic mean of the highest peak values ​​and using the arithmetic mean as a peak value representing the intensity of the highest peak when forming a descriptor value.

[0077] A method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment includes setting a display signal to indicate the presence of aortic stenosis in response to a situation where the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

[0078] A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes maintaining a range of values, each representing a specific probability of a cardiac anomaly, such as aortic stenosis. The method includes setting a display signal to represent the highest probability of the cardiac anomaly associated with one or more of these ranges, depending on the circumstances in which a descriptor value belongs to one or more of these ranges.

[0079] Methods according to exemplary and non-exclusive embodiments include: Receiving signals measured using a motion sensor that indicates heart movement and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, Determining at least one descriptor value, i.e., one or more descriptor values, from one or more points of the signal indicating the movement of the heart, This includes outputting a display signal depending on the situation where the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

[0080] An exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment of the method is a computer implementation method.

[0081] A method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes setting a display signal to represent the presence of a cardiac abnormality or the risk of having a cardiac abnormality, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

[0082] In a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, a signal indicating cardiac motion is measured using a sensor system.

[0083] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor system is provided on a patch, a wearable sensor, an interface to a smartphone or other handheld electronic device, or any combination thereof.

[0084] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the sensor system comprises a gyroscope, an accelerometer, or both.

[0085] In the method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the signal indicating cardiac motion is a signal indicating the movement of the individual's chest.

[0086] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the movement of the individual's chest includes movements that represent cardiac acceleration.

[0087] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, one or more descriptor values ​​include one or more values ​​of one or more points in a signal, the relative intensity of one or more points in a signal, the energy ratio of one or more points in a signal, the power ratio of one or more points in a signal, the average ratio of one or more points in a signal, or any combination thereof.

[0088] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the display signal is transmitted to an individual and / or to the individual's healthcare provider.

[0089] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, the indicator signal includes one or more instructions to seek treatment from a healthcare provider, one or more instructions to seek advice from a healthcare provider, an indication of the presence of a cardiac abnormality in the individual, cardiac measurement data, or any combination thereof.

[0090] In the methods according to exemplary and non-limiting embodiments, the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or any combination thereof.

[0091] In a method according to an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment, the display signal indicates the presence of aortic stenosis.

[0092] Methods according to exemplary and non-exclusive embodiments include: Using a sensor system placed on the individual's chest, the acceleration of the individual's chest is measured, Calculating one or more parameters related to cardiac abnormalities from measured acceleration of an individual's chest, The method includes detecting the presence of or risk of having a cardiac abnormality based on one or more calculated parameters, wherein the cardiac abnormality includes aortic stenosis.

[0093] In a method according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment, calculating one or more parameters further includes determining one or more descriptor values ​​from measured accelerations, wherein one or more descriptor values ​​include one or more values ​​of one or more points of measured acceleration, the relative intensity of one or more points of measured acceleration, the energy ratio of one or more points of measured acceleration, the power ratio of one or more points of measured acceleration, the average ratio of one or more points of measured acceleration, or any combination thereof. The method may further include outputting an indicator signal indicating that one or more descriptor values ​​are outside a range of values ​​which may be a fixed or adjustable range. The indicator signal may be transmitted to the individual and / or the individual's healthcare provider. The indicator signal may include one or more instructions to seek treatment from the healthcare provider, one or more instructions to seek advice from the healthcare provider, an indication of the presence of a cardiac abnormality in the individual, cardiac measurement data, or any combination thereof.

[0094] A computer program in an exemplary and non-exclusive embodiment includes computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processing system to perform a method according to any of the exemplary and non-exclusive embodiments presented above.

[0095] A computer program according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment includes a software module for generating information indicating aortic stenosis, valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and / or other cardiac abnormalities. The software module is The system receives signals that indicate the movement of the heart and are measured using motion sensors such as accelerometers and / or gyroscopes that have mechanical contact with the individual's chest. Descriptor values ​​are formed to describe the intensity of the highest peak in the signal that repeats with heart rate, relative to the intensity of other parts outside the highest peak of the signal. The system includes computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processing system to set a display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

[0096] A software module may be, for example, a subroutine or function implemented using a suitable programming language and a compiler appropriate for that programming language and the programmable processing system under consideration. It is worth noting that source code corresponding to a suitable programming language also represents a computer executable software module, because the source code contains the information necessary to control the programmable processing system and perform the actions described above, and compilation only changes the format of that information. Furthermore, since the programmable processing system may have an interpreter, source code implemented in a suitable programming language may not need to be compiled before execution.

[0097] Exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of a computer program product include a computer-readable medium, such as a compact disc "CD" on which a computer program according to an embodiment of the present invention is encoded, a flash drive on which a computer program according to the present invention is encoded, or a digital download of a computer program according to the present invention.

[0098] A computer-readable medium according to an exemplary and non-limiting embodiment contains a computer program according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0099] Computer-readable media, such as computer executable code, can take many forms, including but not limited to tangible storage media, carrier media, or physical transmission media. Non-volatile storage media include, for example, optical disks or magnetic disks, and any storage device in any one or more computers, which may be used to implement, for example, a database shown in a drawing. Volatile storage media include dynamic memory, such as the main memory of the computer platform. Tangible transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wires, and optical fibers, and wiring that constitutes a bus in a computer system. Carrier media can take the form of electrical signals or electromagnetic signals, or sound waves or light waves, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications. Therefore, common forms of computer-readable media include, for example, floppy disks, flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, any other magnetic media, compact disk read-only memory "CD-ROM", digital video discs "DVD" or DVD-ROM, any other optical media, punch card paper tape, any other physical storage media having a pattern of holes, random access memory "RAM", read-only memory "ROM", programmable read-only memory "PROM" and erasable programmable read-only memory "EPROM", flash EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, carrier waves that carry data or instructions, cables or links that carry such carrier waves, or any other media from which a computer can read programming code and / or data. Many of these forms of computer-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions that are sent to a processor for execution.

[0100] Signals according to exemplary and non-limiting embodiments are encoded to carry information defining a computer program according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0101] (example) Figure 2a shows an exemplary waveform of signal 221, which represents cardiac acceleration in a normal case. Correspondingly, Figure 2b shows an exemplary waveform of signal 222, which represents cardiac acceleration in aortic stenosis.

[0102] The signal 221 shown in Figure 2a was measured using a triaxial accelerometer, at time t i Signal 221 in this context is defined as follows:

number

[0103] In Figures 2a and 2b, dashed lines 223 and 224 represent the median values ​​of the peak values ​​of consecutive heart cycles, respectively. As previously mentioned in this document, these medians are based on the descriptor value S. acc When forming the peak value P h It can be used as such. The median is advantageous because it is resistant to noise and outliers.

[0104] In the exemplary normal case shown in Figure 2a, the median, i.e., the peak value P, is h The peak-to-average ratio is approximately 0.099, and the mean value of signal 221 is approximately 0.05. Therefore, according to equation 5 presented above, the peak-to-average ratio is approximately 1.98.

[0105] In the example of aortic stenosis shown in Figure 2b, the median value, i.e., the peak value P, hThe peak-to-average ratio is approximately 0.46, and the mean of signal 222 is approximately 0.08. Therefore, according to equation 5 presented above, the peak-to-average ratio is approximately 5.75.

[0106] In the exemplary cases shown in Figures 2a and 2b, S in healthy individuals acc The range of values ​​can be selected such that, for example, it is 4 or less, that is, S acc If the result is >4, aortic valve stenosis is considered to be present.

[0107] In some embodiments, a cardiac abnormality is considered to be the presence of, for example, aortic stenosis. acc The lower limit of the value range may be between 0.5 and 10.0. In some embodiments, cardiac abnormalities are considered to be present, for example, aortic stenosis. acc The range of values ​​may be >0.1, >0.5, >1.0, >1.5, >2.0, >2.5, >3.0, >3.5, >4.0, >4.5, >5.0, >5.5, >6.0, >6.5, >7.0, >7.5, >8.0, >8.5, >9.0, >9.5, or >10.0.

[0108] As described above in this document, value ranges can be defined to represent the probability of specific cardiac abnormalities such as aortic stenosis, and the display signal can be set to represent the highest probability of the cardiac abnormality associated with one or more of these value ranges, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value belongs to one or more of these value ranges. In the exemplary cases shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the value ranges may be defined, for example, as follows: Value range 1: S acc >3.5, the probability of aortic valve stenosis is P1%. Value range 2: S acc >4.0, the probability of aortic stenosis is P2% > P1%. Value range 3: S acc >4.5, the probability of aortic valve stenosis is P3% > P2%. Value range 4: S acc >5.5, the probability of aortic stenosis is P4% > P3%.

[0109] Figure 3a shows an exemplary waveform of signal 321, which represents cardiac acceleration in a normal case. Correspondingly, Figure 3b shows an exemplary waveform of signal 322, which represents cardiac acceleration in aortic stenosis.

[0110] The signal 321 shown in Figure 3a is measured using a triaxial accelerometer and defined according to Equation 6 presented above. Correspondingly, the signal 322 shown in Figure 3c is measured using a triaxial accelerometer and defined according to Equation 6 presented above. In Figures 3a and 3b, the dashed lines 323 and 324 represent the median values ​​of the peak values ​​of consecutive heart cycles, respectively. As discussed above, these medians are defined by the descriptor value S acc When forming the above peak value P h It can be used as follows. Waveforms 324 and 325 illustrate the moving averages of signals 321 and 322, respectively. In this example, each moving average is the arithmetic mean of the most recent 45 samples of each signal, but it is also possible to use different numbers of samples in the moving averages. Dashed lines 326 and 327 show the median of the largest values ​​of the moving averages over consecutive heart cycles.

[0111] In the exemplary normal case shown in Figure 3a, the median of the peak values ​​of consecutive heart cycles is, i.e., the peak value P h The ratio is approximately 0.099, and the median of the largest moving average values ​​over consecutive heart cycles is approximately 0.05. Therefore, the peak-to-maximum moving average ratio is approximately 1.98.

[0112] In the example of aortic stenosis shown in Figure 3b, the median of the peak values ​​of consecutive heart cycles is, i.e., the peak value P h The ratio is approximately 0.46, and the median of the largest moving average values ​​over consecutive heart cycles is approximately 0.09. Therefore, the peak-to-maximum moving average ratio is approximately 5.11.

[0113] In the exemplary cases shown in Figures 3a and 3b, S in healthy individuals accThe range of values, i.e., the ratio of the peak to the maximum value of the moving average, can be selected such that it is, for example, 4 or less, i.e., S acc If the result is >4, aortic valve stenosis is considered to be present.

[0114] Figure 4a shows the waveform of exemplary signal 421, which indicates cardiac rotation in a normal case. Correspondingly, Figure 4b shows the waveform of exemplary signal 422, which indicates cardiac rotation in aortic valve stenosis.

[0115] The signal 421 shown in Figure 4a was measured using a three-axis gyroscope at time t i Signal 421 in this context is defined as follows:

number

[0116] In Figures 4a and 4b, dashed lines 423 and 424 represent the median values ​​of the peak values ​​of consecutive heart cycles, respectively. As discussed above, these medians are based on the descriptor value S. acc When forming the above peak value P h It can be used as such. The median is advantageous because it is resistant to noise and outliers.

[0117] Waveforms 424 and 425 illustrate the moving averages of signals 421 and 422, respectively. In this example, each moving average is the arithmetic mean of the most recent 45 samples of each signal, although different sample sizes can be used in the moving averages. Dashed lines 426 and 427 show the median of the largest moving average values ​​over consecutive heart cycles.

[0118] In the exemplary normal case shown in Figure 4a, the median of the peak values ​​of consecutive heart cycles, i.e., the peak value P, is used. h The ratio is approximately 2.1, and the median of the largest moving average values ​​over consecutive heart cycles is approximately 0.8. Therefore, the peak-to-maximum moving average ratio is approximately 2.6.

[0119] In the example of aortic stenosis shown in Figure 4b, the median of the peak values ​​of consecutive heart cycles, i.e., the peak value P, is used. h The ratio is approximately 3.05, and the median of the largest moving average values ​​over consecutive heart cycles is approximately 1.1. Therefore, the peak-to-maximum moving average ratio is approximately 2.8.

[0120] In the exemplary cases shown in Figures 4a and 4b, S in healthy individuals acc The range of values, i.e., the ratio of the peak to the maximum value of the moving average, can be selected such that it is, for example, 2.7 or less, i.e., S acc Aortic valve stenosis is considered to be present if the value is >2.7.

[0121] (Note) The specific examples provided in the above description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The lists and groups of examples provided in the above description are not exhaustive unless expressly stated otherwise.

Claims

1. Apparatus (100), A signal interface (101) for receiving signals measured using a motion sensor that indicates the movement of the heart and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, The apparatus comprises a processing system (102) coupled to the signal interface, wherein the processing system is From one or more points of the signal indicating the movement of the heart, at least one descriptor value (S ａｃｃ ) to be decided, and, The apparatus is configured to send a display signal as an output of the apparatus when the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

2. The processing system is The descriptor value (S) is used to represent the intensity of the highest peak that repeats with heart rate in the signal relative to the intensity of other parts of the signal outside of the highest peak. ａｃｃ ) forms, and, The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the device is configured to set the display signal output by the device to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value is outside the predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-average ratio of the signal.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-power ratio of the signal.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the descriptor value is proportional to the peak-to-energy ratio of the signal.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the descriptor value is proportional to the ratio of the peak to the maximum value of the moving average of the signal, the moving average is the average of the signal within a time window having a constant temporal length and moving with time, and the maximum value of the moving average is the largest value that is repeated with heart rate in the moving average.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the processing system is configured to form the median of the largest values ​​repeated at the heart rate in the moving average, and to use the median as the maximum value of the moving average when forming the descriptor value.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 7, as dependent on claim 2, wherein the processing system is configured to form a median of the highest peak values ​​and to use the median as a peak value representing the intensity of the highest peak when forming the descriptor value.

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 7, as dependent on claim 2, wherein the processing system is configured to form an arithmetic mean of the highest peak values ​​and to use the arithmetic mean as a peak value representing the intensity of the highest peak when forming the descriptor value.

10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 9, as dependent on claim 2, wherein the processing system (102) is configured to maintain a range of values ​​that each represent a specific probability of a cardiac abnormality, and to set the display signal to represent the highest of the probabilities of cardiac abnormalities associated with one or more of the value ranges, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value belongs to one or more of the value ranges.

11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the processing system is configured to set the display signal to indicate the presence of aortic stenosis in response to the situation in which the descriptor value is outside the predetermined range of values.

12. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the signal indicates cardiac acceleration and is measured using an accelerometer having mechanical contact with the chest of the individual.

13. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the signal is measured using a gyroscope that indicates heart rotation and has mechanical contact with the chest of the individual.

14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising a sensor system (103) for generating the signal indicating the movement of the heart, which includes the motion sensor.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the motion sensor comprises at least one of an accelerometer and a gyroscope.

16. A computer implementation system, A processing system (102) configured to process accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals, wherein the processing includes comparing the accelerometer signals and the gyroscope signals with one or more adjustable predetermined cardiac anomaly threshold data values, and the processing further includes comparing one or more values ​​of the gyroscope signals with one or more values ​​of the accelerometer signals to generate a ratio output relating to the ratio of the one or more values ​​of the gyroscope signals to the one or more values ​​of the accelerometer signals, A computer implementation system comprising: a user interface (104) configured to make output signals available to a user, wherein the output signals include an indication that the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are greater than one or more cardiac abnormality threshold data values.

17. It is a method, A method (501) that includes receiving a signal measured using a motion sensor that indicates the movement of the heart and has mechanical contact with the individual's chest, wherein the method From one or more points of the signal indicating the movement of the heart, at least one descriptor value (S ａｃｃ ) to decide, A method characterized by including outputting a display signal in response to a situation where the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

18. The at least one descriptor value (S ａｃｃ Determining the above means that the descriptor value (S) represents the intensity of the highest peak that repeats in the heart rate in the signal relative to the intensity of other parts of the signal outside the highest peak. ａｃｃ (502) includes forming, The method according to claim 17, further comprising setting the display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality (503) in response to a situation where the descriptor value is outside the predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

19. A computer implementation method, Reading accelerometer signals and gyroscope signals stored from memory, Processing the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal, the processing comprising comparing the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal with one or more adjustable predetermined cardiac anomaly threshold data values, the processing further comprising comparing one or more values ​​of the gyroscope signal with one or more values ​​of the accelerometer signal to generate a ratio output relating to the ratio of the one or more values ​​of the gyroscope signal to the one or more values ​​of the accelerometer signal, A computer implementation method comprising: configuring an output signal to be made available to a user, wherein the output signal includes an indication that the accelerometer signal and the gyroscope signal are greater than one or more cardiac abnormality threshold data values.

20. It is a computer program, A computer program includes a computer executable instruction for controlling a programmable processing system to receive a signal measured using a motion sensor that indicates the movement of the heart and has mechanical contact with an individual's chest, wherein the computer program includes: From one or more points of the signal indicating the movement of the heart, at least one descriptor value (S ａｃｃ ) to be decided, and, A computer program characterized by including computer-executable instructions for controlling the programmable processing system to output a display signal in response to a situation where the descriptor value is outside a predetermined range of values.

21. The aforementioned computer program, The descriptor value (S) is used to represent the intensity of the highest peak that repeats with heart rate in the signal relative to the intensity of other parts of the signal outside of the highest peak. ａｃｃ ) forms, and, The computer program according to claim 20, comprising a computer executable instruction for controlling the programmable processing system to set the display signal to indicate the presence of a cardiac abnormality, depending on the situation in which the descriptor value is outside the predetermined range of values ​​corresponding to a healthy case.

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