Nuclear battery in metal container safety equipment.

Abstract

The present invention provides a nuclear battery in a safe metal container device that encloses radioactive waste in a metal container, converts the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material into electricity for use, and shields against the ionizing radiation. [Solution] A thallium layer 2 and a lead layer 3 that block ionizing radiation are provided on the inside of the metallic container 1, and the DC electromotive force of the perpetual conversion power generation of a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10 covered with a radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 is connected in series to a cooling container metal 5 that dissipates heat through a cooling layer 8 using circulating water, thereby utilizing the power with increased voltage and current to enhance the shielding of ionizing radiation. The metallic container 1 has a flat shape such as a cube or container shape.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This invention relates to a nuclear battery with a safe metal container device, in which radioactive waste from nuclear fission reaction nuclear power generation or nuclear fusion reactor power generation is sealed in a metal container, and the heat generated by a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer that converts the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material into electricity is dissipated and ionizing radiation is shielded. [Background technology]

[0002] The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan has postponed the completion date of Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited's spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant (Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture). Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited has extended its target completion date from the end of September 2024 to 2026. This is said to be the 27th postponement. Tokyo Electric Power Company requested the local government's cooperation in locating an interim storage facility in Mutsu City, Aomori Prefecture, in 2004, and Aomori Prefecture agreed to its construction in 2005. After prolonged safety inspections and other procedures, it has now been about 20 years since Aomori Prefecture began accepting fuel. The interim storage facility will be used to temporarily store spent nuclear fuel until it can be transported to the reprocessing plant. The "nuclear fuel cycle," which is the basic policy of the government, is considered to involve intermediate storage and reprocessing as key steps, but the construction of reprocessing plants is lagging behind, and there are concerns within Aomori Prefecture that intermediate storage may "become permanent storage." [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent application No. 2020-136026 [Patent Document 2] Patent application No. 2020-112115 [Patent Document 3] Patent Application No. 2020-077761 Utility Model Registration Document 1 Registration No. 3245038 Utility Model Registration Document 2 Registration No. 3245277 Utility Model Registration Document 3 Registration No. 3243275 Utility Model Registration Document 4 Registration No. 3242297 Utility Model Registration Document 5 Registration No. 3239423 Utility Model Registration Document 6 Registration No. 3238830 Utility Model Registration Document 7 Registration No. 3238365 Utility Model Registration Document 8 Registration No. 3238270 Utility Model Registration Document 9 Registration No. 3233214 Utility Model Registration Document 10 Registration No. 3225438 Non-Patent Documents

[0004] Cited non-patent literature 1 Edited by the "All about electronic power" editorial committee, All about nuclear power, Chapter 1 Nuclear energy 1-3 Various nuclear reactors (1) Types of nuclear reactors p8~10, Chapter 10 10-5 Expectations for the large-scale project "International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)" - Japan's important role - p291~295, References 2. Relationship between radiation and humans ▲2▼ What is radiation? p306, (6) Radioactive waste ▲1▼ What is radioactive waste? p341, ▲4▼ Waste treatment methods for nuclear power generation, ▲5▼ Basic ideas for radioactive waste treatment and disposal p344, (7) Others ▲1▼ Overview of the nuclear fuel cycle facility in Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture p347, 10. "The sun on earth" in the hands of humanity ▲1▼ Main methods of nuclear fusion devices currently under development p410, ▲4▼ Radioactive waste from nuclear fusion reactors and its disposal, radioactive waste disposal scenarios p414, 2003 edition, National Printing Bureau, Independent Administrative Institution. Cited non-patent literature 2 Edited by Fujimori Naoharu and Shikata Shinichi, The Cutting Edge of Diamond Electronics (Popular Edition), Chapter 4: Nanocrystalline Diamond Thin Films, pp. 36-44, Chapter 6: Semiconductor Properties, pp. 63-71, Chapter 7: Semiconductor Properties of p-type Homoepitaxial Diamond Thin Films, pp. 75-84, Chapter 8: n-type Doping and Semiconductor Properties, pp. 86-98, 2014 edition, CMC Publishing Co., Ltd. Cited non-patent literature 3 Author: Inagaki Michio, Carbon "An old and new material", Chapter 1: 4: Remarkable anisotropy of flexible graphite sheets, pp. 71-72, 2009 edition, Kogyo Chosakai Co., Ltd. Cited Non-Patent Document 4 Supervisor Yamamoto Kiichi, Latest Illustrated Encyclopedia "A Book That Explains Everything About Elements", Thallium pp. 224-225, Lead pp. 226-227, Column The Path of Nuclear Breakdown - Decay Series pp. 242-243, Column Radioactive Elements Considered Dangerous Due to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident pp. 294-295, 2013 Edition, Natsume Publishing Co., Ltd. Cited Non-Patent Document 5 Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Strengthening Support for Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited, Page 15 (Business), Published September 21, 2024, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc. Cited Non-Patent Document 6 Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Aomori to Start Operation of Interim Storage Facility, Page 3 (General 2), Published July 30, 2024, Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc.Cited Non-Patent Document 7 Nihon Keizai Shimbun, France's request to accept nuclear waste rejected by Aomori Prefecture, p. 5 (Economy / Policy), published on October 11, 2024, Nihon Keizai Shimbun. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The "nuclear fuel cycle" that the government has set as its basic policy is that intermediate storage and reprocessing are important steps, but the construction of reprocessing plants has been delayed. The nuclear fuel cycle that the government is aiming for is to reprocess spent nuclear fuel from nuclear power plants at Japan Nuclear Fuel's plant, extract plutonium and uranium, and reuse them as fuel for nuclear power plants again. If nuclear fuel resources are to be used repeatedly, the fuel in the intermediate storage facility will be immediately transported to the reprocessing plant. The establishment of a nuclear fuel cycle is key to the long-term stable operation of nuclear power plants. Japan Nuclear Fuel has set a goal of completing construction of the reprocessing plant in Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture, by September 2024, but the project has been postponed 27 times, making it unclear whether it will be completed. On October 10, 2024, the Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan, which is made up of 10 major electric power companies, requested Aomori Prefecture, which will accept the waste generated during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel in France, to change the storage method. In August 2024, Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited extended the target date for the completion of its spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant (Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture) from the end of September 2024 to fiscal 2026. The nuclear waste storage facility is also undergoing national inspection together with the plant, and delays have made it difficult to take in the large amount of low-level radioactive waste within the deadline. If Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited's facility cannot operate, there will be no storage space to exchange it for nuclear waste, and low-level radioactive waste from nuclear fusion reactors and its processing and disposal will also be an issue. High-level or low-level radioactive waste from nuclear fission reactors (pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, heavy water reactors, gas-cooled reactors, etc.), next-generation nuclear reactors (innovative light water reactors, small modular reactors, high-temperature gas reactors, fast reactors), and floating nuclear reactors (a type of small modular reactor SMR, molten salt fast reactor MCFR). The biggest challenge is said to be the fact that the treatment and disposal of low-level radioactive waste from fusion reactor devices (Tokamak, helical, mirror, reversed field pinch, and inertial confinement types), the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), and the CFETR prototype fusion reactor being developed by China, has not yet been determined. Therefore, this invention encapsulates radioactive waste in a metal container, connects in series the DC electromotive force of the long-term conversion power generation of the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer that converts the charged particle beam and electromagnetic waves of the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material into electricity, and utilizes the increased voltage and current of the electricity to shield the ionizing radiation. We devise a safe nuclear battery in a metal container that utilizes the electricity generated by the conversion power generation even after the metal container containing the radioactive waste is stored, kept, buried, or disposed of in the ground. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In a nuclear battery with a safe metal container device, radioactive waste from nuclear power generation, which is a series of nuclear fission reactions that emit radiation and change into other nuclides, and radioactive waste from nuclear fusion reactor power generation are sealed in a metal container, and the charged particle beams and electromagnetic waves of the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive materials are converted into electricity for long-term power generation using a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer, and the heat dissipation and ionizing radiation of the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer are shielded. Radioactive waste from nuclear power generation is sealed in a metal container, and the charged particle beams of ionizing radiation (α-rays and β-rays) and electromagnetic waves (γ-rays and X-rays) emitted from the radioactive material are converted into electricity. The top cell layer of the tandem CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer is an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer doped with arsenic (As) or gallium (Ga), and the bottom cell layer suppresses recombination due to a heterojunction with an i-type intrinsic CVD diamond thin film layer, and is joined with an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer doped with phosphorus (P) or indium (In). A nuclear battery in a safe metal container device that utilizes electricity generated by perpetual conversion power generation in a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer installed in a metal container, dissipates heat from the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer through a cooling layer using circulating water, and stops non-charged particle beams (neutron rays), and strengthens shielding against ionizing radiation by providing a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer, or a lead (Pb) layer and a thallium (Tl) layer in parallel. This is a nuclear battery in a safe metal container device that utilizes electricity generated by perpetual conversion power generation in a safe metal container device after storage, safekeeping, burial, or geological disposal.

[0007] The radioactive waste from nuclear fusion reactor power generation is sealed in a metal container, and the radioactive materials in the radioactive waste include carbon-14, cobalt-60, nickel-63, niobium-94, etc. The ionizing radiation charged particle beams "α rays and β rays" and electromagnetic waves "γ rays and X-rays" emitted from these radioactive materials are converted into electricity. The tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer is a top cell layer with an arsenic (As) or gallium (Ga) doped np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer, and a bottom cell layer with phosphorus (P) or indium (In) doped np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer. A nuclear battery in a safe metal container device that utilizes electricity generated by perpetual conversion power generation in a metal container with a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer with layer-switching junctions, dissipates heat from the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer through a cooling layer using circulating water, and stops non-charged particle radiation (neutron rays), and strengthens ionizing radiation shielding by providing a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer, or a lead (Pb) layer and a thallium (Tl) layer in parallel. This is a nuclear battery in a safe metal container device that utilizes electricity generated by perpetual conversion power generation in a metal container device after storage, safekeeping, burial, or geological disposal.

[0008] A nuclear battery in a safe metal container device that dissipates heat generated by a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer through an air-cooled layer with forced air circulation.

[0009] A nuclear battery in a safe metal container device that utilizes the increased voltage and current generated by serially connecting the DC electromotive force of the secular conversion power generated by tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layers installed in multiple metal containers containing radioactive waste.

[0010] The shape of the metal container is a cubic or container-shaped metal container with a flat surface, and is equipped with a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer. This metal container device uses electricity generated by secular conversion and has enhanced shielding against ionizing radiation, making it a safe nuclear battery with a metal container device. Effect of the Invention

[0011] A nuclear battery with a safe metal container device that uses radioactive waste from nuclear fission reaction nuclear power generation or nuclear fusion reactor power generation, sealed in a metal container, and connected in series to the DC electromotive force of a perpetual conversion power generation system equipped with a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer that converts the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material into electricity, thereby utilizing the increased voltage and current of electricity and utilizing the electricity from the perpetual conversion power generation system after storage, safekeeping, burial, or geological disposal of the metal container device with enhanced ionizing radiation shielding. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] This invention relates to a metal container 1 having a flat shape such as a cube or container shape, on the inside of which is a cooling container metal 5 having a thallium (Tl) layer 2, a lead (Pb) layer 3, and a cooling layer 8 of circulating water or a forced circulation air-cooling layer 8, and on which a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 is provided, and reference side and cross-sectional views of a metal container device for sealing radioactive waste in the metal container 1 having a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10 and a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9. [Diagram 2] This invention relates to a metal container 1 having a flat shape such as a cube or container shape, on the inside of which is a cooling container metal 5 having a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer 4 and a cooling layer 8 of circulating water or a forced circulation air-cooling layer 8, and on which a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 is provided, and reference side and cross-sectional views of a metal container device for sealing radioactive waste in the metal container 1 having a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10 and a radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9. [Diagram 3]The present invention provides a radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 11 and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 on the incident surface of ionizing radiation, a top cell layer has arsenic (As) or gallium (Ga) doped np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layers 13·14 and an i-type intrinsic CVD diamond thin film layer 15 to suppress recombination due to heterojunctions, and a bottom cell layer has phosphorus (P) or indium (In) doped np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer 16·17 junctions of tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layers 13·14·15·16·17, flexible graphite sheet electrodes 18 and radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layers 19, and a circulating water cooling layer or air-cooling layer 8. A reference cross-sectional view of a metal container 1 device provided with a cooling container metal 5, lead (Pb) layer 3 and thallium (Tl) layer 2. [Figure 4] The present invention provides a radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 11 and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 on the ionizing radiation incident surface, an arsenic (As) or gallium (Ga) doped np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer 13·14 on the top cell layer, and a phosphorus (P) or indium (In) doped np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer 16·17 on the bottom cell layer, which are tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layers 13·14·16·17 junctioned with phosphorus (P) or indium (In) doped np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layers 16·17, flexible graphite sheet electrodes 18 and radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layers 19, and a circulating water cooling layer or air-cooling layer 8. A reference cross-sectional view of a metal container 1 device provided with a cooling container metal 5 and a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer 4. Instructions for carrying out the invention

[0013] CVD diamond has a band gap of 5.48 eV and has semiconductor properties. For CVD diamond semiconductor thin films, nanocrystalline diamond thin films produced by high-power microwave plasma CVD, microwave plasma CVD, and surface wave plasma CVD are used. CVD diamond is considered to be a material with the highest or near-highest thermal conductivity, elastic constant, translucency, heat resistance, chemical resistance, radiation resistance, insulation, and dielectric breakdown of any substance. The top cell layer of the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer of the present invention is provided with an np-type or pn-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer doped with arsenic-gallium (AsGa) having a band gap of 1.43 eV, which is considered to be resistant to radiation, and the bottom cell layer is provided with an np-type or pn-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer junction doped with phosphorus-indium (PIn) having a band gap of 1.35 eV, which is considered to be resistant to radiation. The same is true for a tandem type nip-type or pin-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer junction sandwiching an i-type intrinsic CVD diamond thin film layer. Nanocrystalline diamond thin film, Nanotube Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Semiconductor properties, Diamond Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Semiconductor properties of p-type homoepitaxial diamond thin film, Sensor Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science. n-type doping and semiconductor properties, Nanotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sensor Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science. References cited in [Non-Patent Document 2].

[0014] CVD diamond belongs to the same group 14 element as carbon (C). n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layers can be doped with group 15 elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi). p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layers can be doped with group 13 elements such as boron (B), aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), and thallium (Tl). The tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer of this invention is configured with a top cell layer being a CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer doped with arsenic or gallium (AsGa), which is considered to be resistant to radiation, and a bottom cell layer being a CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer doped with phosphorus or indium (PIn), which is also considered to be resistant to radiation.

[0015] The flexible graphite sheet conducts electricity 100 times more easily in a direction parallel to the surface than in a direction perpendicular to the surface, and its thermal conductivity is about 40 times higher in the parallel direction. Electricity and heat flow overwhelmingly more easily in a direction parallel to the surface of the flexible graphite sheet, and its thermal conductivity is almost comparable to that of metals such as copper or aluminum. In particular, flexible graphite sheets are said to be able to withstand temperatures of 3,000°C or higher. The electrodes used in the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer of this invention are configured with flexible graphite sheet electrodes.

[0016] The parallel arrangement of lead (Pb) and thallium (Tl) layers, which shield against ionizing radiation charged particle rays (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays), is achieved by sealing radioactive waste from the decay series of radioactive nuclides (thorium series, uranium series, and actinium series) in a metal container, and placing a layer of thallium (Tl) and a layer of lead (Pb) in parallel on the metal container on the side where the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive material is incident. The (neptunium series) is a structure that strengthens the shielding against ionizing radiation by doubling it up with a layer of lead (Pb) and a layer of thallium (Tl) in parallel on a metal container.

[0017] Non-charged particle beams, called neutron beams, are said to be stopped by placing water or concrete. 1 H and heavy water 2 Tritium by neutron irradiation of H(D) or (DO, DHO) 3 H(T) tritium is produced. Tritium (T) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.3 years.

[0018] Fig. 1 of the present invention is a reference side view and cross-sectional view of the metal container device. A thallium (Tl) layer 2 and a lead (Pb) layer 3 are arranged in parallel on the inside of a metal container 1 having a flat shape such as a cube or container shape, a cooling container metal 5 having a circulating water cooling layer 8 or a forced circulation air cooling layer 8, and a radiation-resistant insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 is covered on the cooling container metal 5. A tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10 and a radiation-resistant insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 are provided on the metal container 1. Radioactive waste is sealed in the metal container 1, and the ionizing radiation charged particle beams "α rays and β rays" and electromagnetic waves "γ rays and X-rays" emitted from radioactive materials are converted into electricity. A nuclear battery in a safe metal container device which utilizes the electricity generated by the perpetual conversion power generation of the D diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10, dissipates heat from the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10 through a cooling layer 8 using circulating water, and also dissipates heat through a forced-circulation air-cooling layer 8, and strengthens shielding from ionizing radiation by providing a lead (Pb) layer 3 and a thallium (Tl) layer 2 in parallel, and which utilizes the electricity with increased voltage and current by connecting in series the DC electromotive force of the perpetual conversion power generation from the safe metal container device after storage, keeping, burial or geological disposal.

[0019] Fig. 2 of the present invention is a reference side view and cross-sectional view of the metal container device. A lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer 4 is provided on the inside of a metal container 1 having a flat shape such as a cube or container shape, a cooling container metal 5 having a circulating water cooling layer 8 or a forced circulation air cooling layer 8, a radiation-resistant insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 is covered on the cooling container metal 5, a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10 and a radiation-resistant insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 9 are provided, radioactive waste is sealed in the metal container 1, and the ionizing radiation charged particle beams "α rays and β rays" and electromagnetic waves "γ rays and X-rays" emitted from the radioactive material are converted into electricity. A nuclear battery of a safe metal container device which utilizes the electricity generated by the perpetual conversion power generation of the VD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10, dissipates the heat generated by the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10 through a cooling layer 8 using circulating water and stops the non-charged particle beam "neutron beam", or dissipates the heat through a forced-circulation air-cooling layer 8, and provides a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer 4 to shield ionizing radiation, and which utilizes the electricity with increased voltage and current by connecting in series the DC electromotive force of the perpetual conversion power generation of the safe metal container device after storage, safekeeping, burial or geological disposal.

[0020] Fig. 3 of the present invention is a reference cross-sectional view of a metal container device provided with a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer. Radioactive waste is sealed in a metal container 1, and a radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 11 and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 are provided on the ionizing radiation incident surface emitted from the radioactive material. In the top cell layer, an arsenic (As)-doped n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 13 and a gallium (Ga)-doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 14 are bonded to np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layers 13 and 14 to suppress recombination due to heterojunctions accompanied by an i-type intrinsic CVD diamond thin film layer 15. In the bottom cell layer, a phosphorus (P)-doped n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 16 and an indium (In)-doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 17 are bonded. The nuclear battery is a safe metal container device having a configuration in which heat generated by a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10, which is made of tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layers 13·14·15·16·17 consisting of np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film conversion layers 16·17 junctions, is provided with flexible graphite sheet electrodes 18 and radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin-film layers 19, is dissipated by a cooling layer 8 using circulating water provided with a cooling container metal 5, and by an air-cooling layer 8 that stops non-charged particle beams (neutron beams) or uses forced air circulation, and the metal container 1 is provided with a lead (Pb) layer 3 and a thallium (Tl) layer 2 in parallel to enhance shielding against ionizing radiation.

[0021] Fig. 4 of the present invention is a reference cross-sectional view of a metal container device provided with a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer. Radioactive waste is sealed in a metal container 1, and a radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 11 and a flexible graphite sheet electrode 12 are provided on the ionizing radiation incident surface emitted from the radioactive material. The top cell layer is provided with np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layers 13 and 14, which are junctions of an arsenic (As)-doped n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 13 and a gallium (Ga)-doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 14, and the bottom cell layer is provided with an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 16 and an indium (In)-doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 17. A nuclear battery in a safe metal container device having a configuration in which heat generated by a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10, which is made of tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layers 13·14·16·17 junctions of bonded semiconductor thin-film conversion layers 16·17, is provided with flexible graphite sheet electrodes 18 and radiation-resistant, insulating CVD diamond thin-film layers 19, is dissipated by a cooling layer 8 using circulating water provided with a cooling container metal 5, and by an air-cooling layer 8 using forced circulation of air to stop non-charged particle beams (neutron beams), and a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer 4 is provided in the metal container 1 to shield ionizing radiation.

[0022] This invention is a nuclear battery with a metal container device that is safe in that it utilizes power with increased voltage and current and has a configuration that strengthens the shielding of ionizing radiation, by sealing radioactive waste from nuclear fission reactions, nuclear power generation, or nuclear fusion reactor power generation in a metal container 1, and connecting in series the DC electromotive forces of the secular conversion power generation of a number of metal container devices equipped with a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer 10 that converts the charged particle beams of ionizing radiation "alpha rays and beta rays" and electromagnetic waves "gamma rays and X-rays" emitted from the radioactive material into electricity.

[0023] The form of the metal container in which radioactive waste is enclosed is a metal container with a flat shape such as a cube or container shape, and the direct current electromotive force of the perpetual conversion power generation of the metal container device with a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer is connected in series to utilize the power with increased voltage and current, and the nuclear battery of a safe metal container device that utilizes the power of the perpetual conversion power generation after storage, safekeeping, burial or geological disposal of the safe metal container device with enhanced shielding against ionizing radiation.

[0024] In Sweden, a facility will be built to seal radioactive waste in copper canisters, while in Finland, a facility is planned to be built 450 metres underground at the centre of Onkalo and begin operations. [Explanation of symbols]

[0025] 1 Metal containers 1-1 Metal container lid 2 Thallium (Tl) layer 3 Lead (Pb) layer 4 Lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer 5 Cooling container metal 6 Cooling water inlet or air intake 7 Circulating water outlet or air-cooled exhaust 8 Cooling layer or air cooling layer 9 Radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 10 Tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer 11 Radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer 12 Flexible graphite sheet electrode 13 Arsenic (As) doped n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 14 Gallium (Ga) doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 15 i-type intrinsic CVD diamond thin film layer 16 Phosphorus (P) doped n-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 17 Indium (In) doped p-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film layer 18 Flexible graphite sheet electrode 19 Radiation-resistant and insulating CVD diamond thin film layer

Claims

1. In a nuclear battery with a safe metal container device, radioactive waste from nuclear power generation, which undergoes a nuclear fission reaction in the decay series and which emits radiation and changes into other nuclides, and radioactive waste from nuclear fusion reactor power generation are enclosed in a metal container, and the charged particle beams and electromagnetic waves of the ionizing radiation emitted from the radioactive materials are converted into electricity for long-term use using a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer, and the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer is used to dissipate heat and block ionizing radiation. Radioactive waste from nuclear power generation is sealed in a metal container, and the charged particle rays of ionizing radiation (alpha rays and beta rays) and electromagnetic waves (gamma rays and X-rays) emitted from the radioactive material are converted into electricity by a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer. The top cell layer is an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer doped with arsenic (As) or gallium (Ga), and the bottom cell layer suppresses recombination due to a heterojunction with an i-type intrinsic CVD diamond thin film layer, and is joined to an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer doped with phosphorus (P) or indium (In). A nuclear battery for a safe metal container device that utilizes electricity generated by perpetual conversion power generation in which a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer is provided in a metal container, heat generated by the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer is dissipated by a cooling layer using circulating water, non-charged particle beams (neutron beams) are stopped, and ionizing radiation shielding is strengthened by providing a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer, or a lead (Pb) layer and a thallium (Tl) layer in parallel, for storage or keeping of the safe metal container device, or after burial or geological disposal.

2. The radioactive waste from nuclear fusion reactor power generation is sealed in a metal container, and the radioactive materials in the radioactive waste include carbon-14, cobalt-60, nickel-63, niobium-94, etc. The ionizing radiation charged particle beams "α-rays and β-rays" and electromagnetic waves "γ-rays and X-rays" emitted from these radioactive materials are converted into electricity. The top cell layer of the tandem CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer is provided with an arsenic (As) or gallium (Ga) doped np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer, and the bottom cell layer is provided with an np-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film conversion layer doped with phosphorus (P) or indium (In).

2. The nuclear battery of claim 1, which utilizes the electric power generated by the long-term conversion power generation of the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer provided in the metal container, dissipates heat from the tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin-film ionizing radiation conversion layer through a cooling layer using circulating water, stops the non-charged particle beam "neutron beam", and strengthens the shielding of ionizing radiation by providing a lead-thallium (PbTl) alloy layer or a lead (Pb) layer and a thallium (Tl) layer in parallel, the nuclear battery of claim 1, which utilizes the electric power generated by the long-term conversion power generation of the safe metal container device after storage, keeping, burial or geological disposal of the safe metal container device.

3. 3. The nuclear battery of claim 1 or 2, wherein heat generated by the tandem type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer is dissipated by an air-cooling layer in which air is forcedly circulated.

4. A nuclear battery with a metal container device with high safety as described in any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the DC electromotive forces of the secular conversion power generation of tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layers provided in a number of metal containers containing radioactive waste are connected in series to utilize the increased voltage and current of the power.

5. The shape of the metal container is a metal container having a flat shape such as a cube or container shape, and a tandem-type CVD diamond semiconductor thin film ionizing radiation conversion layer is provided in the metal container device, and the nuclear battery of any one of claims 1 to 4, which utilizes the electricity generated by the secular conversion power generation and enhances the shielding of ionizing radiation.

Images