Gas Capture Equipment

Abstract

Provide gas capture equipment. [Solution] The gas capture equipment includes a gas atomization device (110) arranged to generate atomized gas, a gas absorption device (120) arranged to receive the atomized gas and having the gas atomization device installed inside, a heat exchanger (140) connected to the gas absorption device, a gas desorption device (150) connected to the heat exchanger and including a heating source, an inner circulation pipe (180) connected to the gas desorption device, a heating device (170) surrounding a portion of the inner circulation pipe, and a sparger (185) installed in the gas desorption device and connected to the inner circulation pipe. Gas capture by the above equipment can improve the gas capture rate for carbon dioxide and reduce energy consumption.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a gas capture device, and more particularly to a gas capture device that improves gas capture efficiency and reduces energy consumption. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, with the development of human industry and science and technology, a large amount of fossil fuels has been consumed, and greenhouse gas (e.g., carbon dioxide) emissions have risen significantly. Therefore, developing carbon capture technology to reduce carbon dioxide concentrations has become a policy actively promoted by countries around the world, and among these, post-combustion capture technology has the greatest potential.

[0003] Post-combustion capture technologies include absorption methods, which first absorb gases using physical or chemical absorption. Chemical absorption is the most widely used carbon capture method in industry today. Taking carbon dioxide as an example, chemical absorption involves chemically reacting carbon dioxide with an absorbent and then desorbing (releasing) the carbon dioxide by heating, achieving the goal of separating the carbon dioxide. However, the carbon capture efficiency achieved by chemical absorption is limited by the reactivity of the gas and the absorbent. Increasing gas-liquid contact is typically an important step in carbon dioxide capture and can significantly improve the solubility and capture rate of carbon dioxide. Conventional techniques, such as injectors, bubblers, fluidic venturi reactors, spargers, gas filters, trays, catalytic bubble column reactors, flow-through reactors, and packed column reactors, increase the gas-liquid contact area and further accelerate the carbon dioxide absorption process. In another prior art, the wastewater from waste gas treatment is formed into atomized droplets by a specific spraying method, and the atomized diffusion method is used to improve the gas-liquid contact time and reaction efficiency.

[0004] The use of the bubbler, packed column reactor, and sprayer mentioned above all has its drawbacks, such as not being able to achieve a predetermined gas capture rate and effect for the target gas, and requiring a large amount of energy consumption.

[0005] In view of this, there is an urgent need to provide gas capture equipment so as to effectively improve the effect of gas capture and reduce energy consumption. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] One aspect of the present invention provides a gas capture system that utilizes a gas atomizer to improve the absorption efficiency of carbon dioxide, and a heater and a sparger to improve the desorption efficiency of carbon dioxide. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a gas capture facility including a gas atomization device arranged to generate atomized gas, a gas absorption device arranged to receive the atomized gas and having the gas atomization device disposed therein, a heat exchanger connected to the gas absorption device, a gas desorption device connected to the heat exchanger and including a heating source, an internal circulation pipe connected to the gas desorption device, a heating device surrounding a portion of the internal circulation pipe, and a diffuser disposed within the gas desorption device and connected to the internal circulation pipe. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] By applying the gas capture equipment of the present invention, the efficiency of carbon dioxide absorption is improved by using a gas atomizer, and the efficiency of carbon dioxide desorption is improved by using a heater and a sparger, thereby improving the gas capture rate for carbon dioxide and significantly reducing energy consumption. It should be noted that in some practical applications, the gas absorption device of the gas capture equipment of the present invention can be used alone, whereby carbon dioxide is absorbed to saturation by the absorbent and then supplied to the gas desorption device via a pipeline or transportation system to carry out the carbon dioxide desorption process. Aspects of the present disclosure can be better understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that, as is standard practice in the industry, many features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the sizes of many features may be arbitrarily increased or decreased for clarity of discussion. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a gas capture system according to some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a flowchart illustrating a method for capturing gas in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 3A] 1 shows the measurement results of carbon dioxide desorption concentration according to some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 3B] 1 shows the measurement results of carbon dioxide desorption concentration according to some embodiments of the present invention. [Figure 3C] 1 shows the measurement results of carbon dioxide desorption concentration according to some embodiments of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Below, we provide many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the invention. The specific examples of components and arrangements described below are intended to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the size of elements is not limited to the disclosed ranges or numerical values, but is determined by the desired characteristics of the device. Furthermore, a description of a first feature formed on or above a second feature includes embodiments in which the first and second features are in direct contact, as well as embodiments in which other features are formed between the first and second features such that the first and second features are not in direct contact. Additionally, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and / or letters in various embodiments. The purpose of such repetition is for simplicity and clarity of description and does not imply a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed.

[0011] As used herein, "around," "about," "approximately," or "substantially" typically refers to within 20 percent, or within 10 percent, or within 5 percent of the value or range.

[0012] As described above, the present invention provides a gas capture equipment that uses a continuous absorption system to improve the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, and uses a gas atomization device to effectively improve the carbon dioxide absorption effect of the reactor, and uses a heating device and a sparger to improve the carbon dioxide desorption efficiency, thereby improving the gas capture rate of carbon dioxide and significantly reducing energy consumption.

[0013] See FIG. 1 , which is a schematic diagram of a gas capture system 100 according to some embodiments of the present invention. The gas capture system 100 includes a gas atomizer 110 configured to atomize a gas and produce an atomized gas. In some embodiments, the gas capture system 100 further includes an air inlet 105 connected to the gas atomizer 110 and configured to introduce a gas mixture. In some embodiments, before entering the gas atomizer 110 via the air inlet 105, the gas mixture may optionally pass through a filtration device to filter particulate matter in the gas mixture. In some embodiments, the filtration device may be a technology well known in general factories, such as electrostatic, metal mesh, or nonwoven fabric, which is outside the scope of the present invention and will not be specifically described herein. In some embodiments, the gas atomizer 110 may be a static mixer and / or a foamer. The gas atomization device 110 is provided to atomize the bubbles of the mixed gas to form bubbles with diameters on the order of micrometers to nanometers, which increases the contact area between the gas and the liquid and is advantageous for the subsequent absorption process. The mixed gas contains carbon dioxide to be absorbed.

[0014] The gas capture facility 100 includes a gas absorber 120 configured to receive the micronized gas. In some embodiments, at least one absorbent is disposed within the gas absorber 120. In such embodiments, the absorbent may be potassium acetate (CH3COOK), ethanolamine (MEA), or a liquid mixture of both. In some specific examples, the potassium acetate absorbent has a concentration of about 15M to about 25M, preferably about 20M, and the ethanolamine absorbent has a concentration of about 30 wt%. When the absorbent concentrations are within the above ranges, carbon dioxide absorption can be performed effectively without incurring unnecessary waste. In some embodiments, the gas absorber 120 includes a mixer that improves the mixing efficiency of the gas and the absorbent liquid. In some specific examples, the mixer of the gas absorber 120 has a rotation speed of about 500 rpm to about 3000 rpm. The gas absorber 120 is configured to mix the absorbent liquid with the carbon dioxide to be absorbed in the mixed gas.

[0015] In some embodiments, the gas atomization device 110 is disposed so as to be immersed in the absorbent liquid in the gas absorption device 120, i.e., the liquid level of the absorbent liquid must be higher than the installation position of the gas atomization device 110. This allows the atomized gas generated by the gas atomization device 110 to be completely dissolved in the absorbent liquid to form a reaction solution.

[0016] In some embodiments, the gas capture equipment 100 may optionally include a vacuum pump connected to the gas absorption device 120 to evacuate the space located outside the reaction solution of the gas absorption device 120, thereby removing bubbles of the mixed gas that overflow from the liquid surface of the reaction solution.

[0017] The gas capture facility 100 includes a heat exchanger 140 connected to the gas absorber 120. The heat exchanger 140 is positioned to perform a preheating step while the reaction solution flows through the gas absorber 120, thereby improving the efficiency of the subsequent carbon dioxide desorption.

[0018] In some embodiments, the gas capture equipment 100 optionally includes a degassing device 130 connected to the gas absorption device 120 and the heat exchanger 140. In some embodiments, the degassing device 130 may be connected to a pump and perform a vacuum pumping process. In some embodiments, the degassing device 130 may be, for example, a centrifuge, which uses high-speed centrifugation to remove microbubbles from the reaction solution, thereby improving degassing efficiency. In some specific examples, the rotation speed of the centrifuge is about 500 rpm to about 3000 rpm. The degassing device 130 is configured to perform a process to remove microbubbles from the reaction solution in the gas absorption device 120 and increase the carbon dioxide concentration, where the reaction solution includes carbon dioxide and an absorbent.

[0019] The gas capture equipment 100 includes a gas desorber 150 connected to a heat exchanger 140. The gas desorber 150 is configured to desorb carbon dioxide from the reaction solution. When the reaction solution passes through the gas desorber 150, carbon dioxide having a high concentration, for example, carbon dioxide having a concentration of greater than 90%, can be produced. Note that a heating device for heating the fluid flowing through the piping between the gas desorber 150 and the heat exchanger 140 may be further provided. In some embodiments, the gas desorber 150 includes a heating source 160, and the heating source 160 is used to increase the temperature of the reaction solution to about 80°C to about 130°C, thereby heating the reaction solution and desorbing carbon dioxide from the reaction solution.

[0020] Gas capture equipment 100 includes an internal circulation pipe 180 connected to gas desorber 150. In some embodiments, a portion of internal circulation pipe 180 may be replaced with a static mixer, which averages the temperature of the reaction solution flowing through internal circulation pipe 180 and prevents local overheating or overcooling. In some embodiments, the outside of internal circulation pipe 180 may be made of a magnetic material, specifically a non-stainless steel iron material such as black iron, and the inside may be made of a rust-resistant material, specifically a stainless steel alloy.

[0021] The gas capture equipment 100 includes a heating device 170 surrounding a portion of the internal circulation pipe 180. The heating device 170 is used to further increase the temperature of the reaction solution flowing through the internal circulation pipe 180 to approximately 150°C to approximately 250°C, thereby instantaneously heating the reaction solution. This reduces the amount of heat applied to the reaction solution by the heat source 160 in the gas desorber 150, further reducing overall energy consumption. In some embodiments, the heating device 170 may be, for example, a heating belt, a high-frequency wave, an electromagnetic wave, a microwave, or other device. The heating belt may cover a portion of the periphery of the internal circulation pipe 180 in direct contact with the heating belt, or the high-frequency wave, electromagnetic wave, or microwave device may surround a portion of the periphery of the internal circulation pipe 180 without direct contact with the heating device 170. In this way, the reaction solution flowing through the internal circulation pipe 180 is instantaneously heated using the heating device 170. It should be noted that the energy required for the heating device 170 may be provided, for example, by factory waste heat.

[0022] The gas capture system 100 includes a sparger 185 disposed in the gas desorber 150 and connected to the internal circulation pipe 180. In some embodiments, the sparger 185 is configured to sparge the reaction solution into the gas desorber 150. In this embodiment, the sparger 185 is a micropore that forms the reaction solution into droplets. In some embodiments, the sparger 185 may form the reaction solution into atomized droplets. Using the sparger 185 in the internal circulation pipe 180 to form the reaction solution into droplets can increase the contact area of ​​the reaction solution, thereby improving the carbon dioxide desorption efficiency. In some embodiments, the sparger 185 can be instantaneously heated using the heating device 170, further reducing overall energy consumption.

[0023] In some embodiments, the gas absorption unit 120 of the gas capture facility 100 can be used alone, with carbon dioxide absorbed to saturation with an absorbent and then fed to the gas desorber 150 for the carbon dioxide desorption step.

[0024] In some embodiments, the gas capture facility 100 further includes an absorbent charging device 190 selectively connected to the gas desorber 150. The absorbent charging device 190 is configured to charge the absorbent into the gas absorption device 120. The absorbent is charged from the absorbent charging device 190 into the gas desorber 150, then into the heat exchanger 140, and finally into the gas absorption device 120 from the heat exchanger 140.

[0025] FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a gas capture method 200 according to some embodiments of the present invention. The flow of the gas capture method will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. First, an operation 201 is performed to provide a gas capture facility, such as the gas capture facility 100 of FIG. 1. Then, an operation 203 is performed to add a first absorbent to the gas absorption device 120. In some embodiments, the first absorbent may be, for example, potassium acetate, ethanolamine, or a mixture of both.

[0026] The method 200 may continue with operation 205 of introducing the gas mixture into the gas atomizer 110 of the gas capture facility 100. In some embodiments, the gas mixture is introduced into the gas atomizer 110 via the air inlet 105 to produce an atomized gas. In some embodiments, the gas mixture includes carbon dioxide having a first concentration in the gas mixture. In some embodiments, the first concentration is between about 4% and about 20%.

[0027] Then, operation 207 is performed to introduce the atomized gas into gas absorption apparatus 120. After operation 207, i.e., after the atomized gas (mixed gas) is released into gas absorption apparatus 120, the carbon dioxide in the atomized gas and the absorbent form a first reaction solution. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the mixed gas is about 100 mL / min to about 2000 mL / min. However, the flow rate of the mixed gas may be adjusted depending on the size of the equipment and pipeline.

[0028] Then, the first reaction solution is introduced into heat exchanger 140 for a preheating step, followed by operation 209 to obtain a second reaction solution. In some embodiments, prior to operation 209, the first reaction solution may optionally be introduced into degassing device 130 to remove microbubbles from the reaction solution. In such embodiments, a vacuum step and / or a centrifugation step may be performed in degassing device 130.

[0029] Then, operation 211 is performed to introduce the second reaction solution into gas desorber 150. Then, operation 213 is performed to perform a first heating step on the second reaction solution using heat source 160 to obtain a third reaction solution. In some embodiments, the heating temperature in the first heating step is about 80°C to about 130°C. Using this temperature range, the second reaction solution is first heated to an appropriate temperature to avoid excessive energy consumption.

[0030] Thereafter, operation 215 is performed to introduce the third reaction solution into internal circulation pipe 180. Then, operation 217 is performed to obtain a fourth reaction solution by performing a second heating step on the third reaction solution using heating device 170. In some embodiments, the heating temperature in the second heating step is about 150°C to about 250°C. This heating temperature range allows the temperature of the third reaction solution to be raised to a higher temperature, which is sufficient to rapidly desorb carbon dioxide from the reaction solution, thereby reducing the time required for carbon dioxide desorption and further reducing overall energy consumption.

[0031] Then, an operation 219 is performed in which the fourth reaction solution is introduced into the gas desorption device 150 via the sparger 185 of the internal circulation pipe 180. The sparger 185 forms the reaction solution into droplets, thereby increasing the contact area of ​​the reaction solution and further improving the desorption efficiency of carbon dioxide.

[0032] Thereafter, a carbon dioxide desorption operation is performed to separate the carbon dioxide from the reaction solution in operation 221. This allows the gas desorber 150 to separate carbon dioxide having a second concentration, and the second concentration may be greater than the first concentration, for example, 90% or more.

[0033] In some embodiments, after the gas desorber 150 separates carbon dioxide, the fourth reaction solution containing the absorbent may optionally be passed from the gas desorber 150 to the heat exchanger 140 for thermal energy recovery and absorbent regeneration. In such embodiments, the absorbent that has undergone the regeneration process may be reintroduced into the gas absorption device 120 and used repeatedly to absorb carbon dioxide.

[0034] In some embodiments, an absorbent charging step may be performed when the first absorbent in the gas absorption apparatus 120 is insufficient. In some embodiments, the charging step includes adding a second absorbent to the absorbent charging apparatus 190, which is connected to the gas desorber 150, and the first absorbent and the second absorbent may be the same or different. The second absorbent then enters the heat exchanger 140 for a cooling step. Preferably, the second absorbent is cooled to near room temperature (e.g., 25°C to 30°C), and then the cooled second absorbent is introduced into the gas absorption apparatus 120 to charge new absorbent.

[0035] The following describes some examples to illustrate the application of the present invention, but does not intend to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0036] In Example 1, carbon dioxide is captured using the gas capture equipment 100 of the present invention. The gas atomization device 110 is a foaming device. The gas absorption device 120 is provided with a mixer with a rotation speed set to 1000 rpm. The carbon dioxide concentration in the mixed gas introduced from the air supply pipe 105 is 10%, and the gas flow rate is 100 mL / min. The absorbent in the gas absorption device 120 is potassium acetate, and its concentration is 20 M, and the volume of the liquid containing the absorbent is 1600 mL. The heating temperature of the heat source 160 is 120°C, and the heating temperature of the heating device 170 is 200°C. After gas capture using the gas capture equipment of Example 1, the gas capture efficiency for carbon dioxide in Example 1 was calculated to be 99.7%. Examples 2 to 5

[0037] In Examples 2 to 5, carbon dioxide was captured using the same gas capture flow as in Example 1, except that the gas flow rates in Examples 2 to 5 were 300 mL / min, 500 mL / min, 1000 mL / min, and 2000 mL / min, respectively. After gas capture using the gas capture equipment in Examples 2 to 5, the gas capture efficiencies for carbon dioxide in Examples 2 to 5 were calculated to be 99.4%, 80%, 54.4%, and 32.5%, respectively. Comparative Examples 1 to 5

[0038] In Comparative Examples 1 to 5, carbon dioxide was captured using the same gas capture flow as in Example 1, except that the gas capture equipment in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 did not have a gas atomization device, and the gas flow rates in Comparative Examples 2 to 5 were 300 mL / min, 500 mL / min, 1000 mL / min, and 2000 mL / min, respectively. After gas capture using the gas capture equipment in Comparative Examples 1 to 5, the gas capture efficiencies for carbon dioxide in Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were calculated to be 19%, 16.9%, 15.7%, 14.4%, and 13.2%, respectively. Example 6

[0039] In Example 6, carbon dioxide was captured using the same gas capture flow as in Example 1, except that the carbon dioxide concentration in the mixed gas introduced from the air supply pipe 105 was 4.08%. Comparative Examples 6 and 7

[0040] In Comparative Examples 6 and 7, the gas capture equipment in Comparative Example 6 did not have a heating device, an internal circulation pipe, or a sparger, and the reaction solution was heated to a heating temperature of 120°C using only a heating source in the gas desorption device to desorb the reaction solution. In Comparative Example 7, the heating temperature of heating source 160 was 130°C, but heating was not performed using heating device 170, and the reaction solution was introduced into gas desorption device 150 and desorbed using only internal circulation pipe 180 and sparger 185, and carbon dioxide was captured using the same gas capture flow as in Example 6.

[0041] Please refer to Figures 3A to 3C. Figures 3A to 3C show the measurement results of carbon dioxide desorption concentration for Example 6, Comparative Example 6, and Comparative Example 7, respectively. From the measurement result 301 of the carbon dioxide desorption concentration for Example 6 in Figure 3A, it can be seen that in Example 6, the carbon dioxide concentration separated from the gas desorber reached 100% after 25 minutes of gas capture, and the energy consumption calculated based on the electricity meter power was 36 GJ / ton CO2. From the measurement result 303 of the carbon dioxide desorption concentration for Comparative Example 6 in Figure 3B, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 6, the carbon dioxide concentration separated from the gas desorber was 0% after 160 minutes of gas capture, meaning that no carbon dioxide desorption occurred. From the measurement result 305 of the carbon dioxide desorption concentration for Comparative Example 7 in Figure 3C, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 7, 130 minutes of gas capture was required for the carbon dioxide concentration separated from the gas desorber to reach 100%, and the energy consumption calculated based on the electricity meter power was 400 GJ / ton CO2. As a result, the gas capture equipment of Example 6 can desorb carbon dioxide with a concentration of 100% in a short time, and can reduce energy consumption from 400 GJ / ton CO2 to 36 GJ / ton CO2.

[0042] According to the above embodiment, the gas capture equipment provided by the present invention uses a gas atomization device to improve the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency, and uses a heating device and a sparger to improve the carbon dioxide desorption efficiency, thereby improving the carbon dioxide gas capture rate and significantly reducing energy consumption.

[0043] Although the present invention has been disclosed above in several embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined based on the scope of the utility model registration claims attached later. [Explanation of symbols]

[0044] 100: Gas capture equipment 105: Air supply pipe 110: Gas atomizer 120: Gas absorption device 130: Defoaming device 140: Heat exchanger 150: Gas desorption device 160:Heating source 170: Heating device 180: Internal circulation pipe 185: Spreader 190: Absorbent filling device 200: Gas capture method 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221: Operation 301, 303, 305: Measurement results of carbon dioxide desorption concentration

Claims

1. a gas atomizer arranged to generate an atomized gas; a gas absorption device disposed to receive the atomized gas and having the gas atomization device disposed therein; a heat exchanger connected to the gas absorption device; a gas desorber connected to the heat exchanger and including a heating source; an internal circulation pipe connected to the gas desorption device; a heating device surrounding a portion of the inner circulation pipe; a diffuser provided in the gas desorption device and connected to the internal circulation pipe; Gas capture equipment including:

2. The gas capture facility of claim 1 , wherein the gas atomization device includes a static mixer and / or a foamer.

3. The gas capture facility of claim 1 , wherein the gas absorption device includes a mixer.

4. The gas capture facility of claim 1 further comprising a vacuum pump connected to the gas absorption device.

5. 2. The gas capture facility according to claim 1, wherein the gas absorber is arranged to contain an absorbent, and the gas atomizer is provided below the liquid level of the absorbent within the gas absorber.

6. The gas capture facility of claim 1 , further comprising a deaerator connected to the gas absorption device and the heat exchanger.

7. The gas capture facility according to claim 1 , wherein a part of the internal circulation pipe is the static mixer.

8. The gas capture facility according to claim 1 , wherein the heating device covers a part of the periphery of the inner circulation pipe in direct contact therewith.

9. The gas capture facility according to claim 1 , wherein the heating device surrounds a portion of the periphery of the inner circulation pipe without direct contact therewith.

10. The gas capture facility of claim 1 , further comprising an absorbent loading device connected to the gas desorber.

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